Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Individual Documents
Description:
"THE IMPACT of climate change in Myanmar is likely to be immense and will play out in multi-dimensional ways. Beyond that, though, it is difficult to predict. In remote, upland areas of the country that are controlled or influenced by ethnic armed groups, political, economic and social trajectories are likely to diverge from the rest of Myanmar.
Already, in some parts of the country, the monsoon – which provides most of the rainfall for agriculture on which about 70 percent of the population depends – is up to 30 days shorter, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Upland areas are projected to experience particularly steep rises in average temperatures, with devastating impacts on harvests, livelihoods and possibly the bare sustainability of human life. However, upland areas will be less severely affected by the rising sea levels that could destroy coastal areas.
Myanmar is among the countries most vulnerable to rising sea levels. Low-lying farmland, such as in the Ayeyarwady delta, is at risk of flooding and salination, as well as being exposed to extreme weather, such as the devastation wrought by Cyclone Nargis in 2008. Neighbouring Bangladesh faces the same dangers, and in the not too distant future millions of Bangladeshis may become climate change refugees. Many of them may have little choice but to head east to Myanmar, as well as north and west to India. Combined with the domestic impacts of climate change, this would be highly destabilising, and could even undermine the viability of the state.
Although not much discussed in the mainstream media, the possibility of climate change severely disrupting the basic parameters of modern social and economic life cannot be discounted. In this context, Myanmar's ethnic armed groups may receive a new lease of life.
In Southeast Asia since the end of the Cold War, the viability of armed struggle by insurgent groups to achieve political goals has been in decline. Only in Myanmar and the Philippines do significant non-state armed groups remain active. Amid a failing peace process, and despite their political legitimacy among many conflict-affected communities, ethnic armed groups in Myanmar are struggling to demonstrate continued political relevance. However, they may experience a revival in fortunes if the state in Myanmar is severely weakened by the impact of climate change..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal via "Frontier Myanmar"
Date of publication:
2019-07-12
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-25
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Policies and projects
Language:
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Sub-title:
A young Yangonite looked up at a darkened sky above. The wind drove a bank of black clouds immediately overhead, and his face suddenly became more sullen, "Not again!" He was about to cross Sule Pagoda Road, which was congested with cars and trucks blasti
Description:
"When it rains on Saturday, people will say, "It always takes longer on Saturday for the rain to come." This means that either sporadically or continuously, it will usually rain all day that day – even if it is just a drizzle.
He had just stepped out on the pavement when the raindrops suddenly came down from the sky, hitting his upturned face. He had to run to a place where he could shelter for half an hour or so, and he knew that most of the teashops were already full of people sipping sweetened tea and keeping dry. He understood that he had to wait for 15 or 20 minutes until the rain would let up.
But today he forgot his umbrella.
Travelling through the city on foot during the monsoon season can be tricky, especially without an umbrella – assuming, of course, you want to stay dry. The streets are full of people drenched in water, longyis and tee-shirts clinging to their bodies, as they make their way home.
Most people in Yangon carry umbrellas, rather than wear raincoats. Even when it's not raining, pedestrians need to give others a wide-berth on the sidewalks – people of all heights and numbers sheltering themselves from the sun with their umbrellas, as they walk from street to street. Innocent passersby, while making haste through the crowd, get poked by the odd umbrella spoke.
Sometimes umbrellas clash, given how narrow the elevated streets in the city are. It can be quite an art sometimes, holding an umbrella up high, and trying to angle it to pass through the sea of heads, other umbrellas and shop signs.
Everyone notices that the rain is punctual, especially during the rush hours. You will find files of people waiting for the buses at bus stops, while the rain falls heavily. They'll all be tightly clinging to an umbrella.
Umbrellas come from various countries, such as China and Thailand. There are different brands names too – Yamasu, Pigeon, Sonata, Susino, Asahi, Eagle Force, etc. Some golf umbrellas are used by taller people not wanting to get the bottoms of their longyis we..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal " Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2019-07-19
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-25
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Sub-title:
Updating National Master Electrification Plan
Description:
"Reliable and sustainable access to electricity in Myanmar is a challenge. Currently only 32% of Myanmar
households have access to grid electricity. The rest of the population either has no access or must rely on unreliable
or badly maintained diesel micro-grids and small solar systems. Most grid electricity is generated by hydropower
and burning fossil fuels. Myanmar must meet its rapidly growing energy needs. The critical question is how.
This comprehensive study proves that renewable energy for Myanmar is not only technically feasible but also
economically feasible compared to the so-called “cheap” traditional technologies. The development of Myanmar’s
power sector will require multi-billion dollar investment over the next three decades and our analysis shows that a
diverse mix of renewable energy, in combination with energy efficiency measures, will be the best solution for the
sustainable power development of Myanmar.
Renewable energy goes far beyond the common perception of solar lanterns and solar home systems. Large scale
progress can be very fast. Italy installed 9,000 MW of solar power in 2011, almost twice the installed capacity of
Myanmar which is currently around 5,000 MW. In 2015, Japan also installed 9,000 MW of solar power within a
year.
The first step to renewable energy deployment is acceptance and it is usual for there to be concerns about new
technologies. It has been recorded that grid operators are concerned about solar and wind power being fed into
the grid, concerns also seen in Germany and Ireland but today both countries have a high share (31% and 25% respectively) of renewable energy in their generation mix. Recent practices of grid-interconnection in developing
countries as Sri Lanka, Nepal and Indonesia are also strong, providing promising examples of technological,
regulatory and financial management from which Myanmar can learn.
Myanmar must shape its future sustainably. To do so the right decisions must be made now. The “traditional”
approach will repeat the mistakes of its neighbors, while Myanmar has the opportunity to leapfrog to renewable
energy technologies. Recent developments in the telecommunication sector have shown that both decision makers
and the public are willing to make such a leap, why should this not also occur in the power sector?
Developing a vision is not an end goal, but rather the first step of systematic solution planning. We are looking
forward to supporting sustainable power sector development in Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Date of publication:
2017-03-11
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-23
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
General articles and reports, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Biodiversity - Burma/Myanmar-related, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma
Language:
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Sub-title:
Volume ll: Ayeyarwady Futures
Description:
"WWF Myanmar, through the River in the Economy project, brought together
people from diverse backgrounds, to imagine what the future of the Ayeyarwady
Basin could look like.
Some futures look good, some futures look bad. Some futures are good for a few,
other futures are disastrous for the ecosystems that keep us alive and resilient.
WWF Myanmar undertook this process to better understand the drivers of
change that help or hinder our progress towards an equitably beneficial future.
By imagining the possible directions the future could take, we can imagine
what sort of actions we need to take. This is to make sure we collectively follow
the future that we want, and not the future that we do not want.
This report has been developed from the culmination of workshops in 2017
and 2018, collecting the perspectives of government, civil society, academia
and business in the Ayeyarwady Basin, including the Delta, Middle Basin,
Lower Basin and Chindwin Basin. 103 participants attended these workshops.
They represented:
INTRODUCTION
This is the second volume of a two-part series of reports highlighting
perspectives of diverse stakeholder across the Ayeyarwady Basin. The
first workshops were centred on creating a common understanding of the
Ayeyarwady River Basin and the risks and opportunities associated with living
in the basin. The second series of workshops were then focused on the future,
and what the possible development pathways in the future may look like..."
Source/publisher:
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Date of publication:
2018-08-29
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dams and other projects on the Irrawaddy and its tributories, Fisheries (including aquaculture and fishing), Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar
Language:
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4.11 MB
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Sub-title:
VOLUME 1: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PEOPLE LIVING AND WORKING IN THE BASIN
Description:
"The Ayeyarwady is at the heart of many activities in Myanmar. In each of its sub basins, a unique set of
needs and risks is associated with the river. As part of the WWF-funded Ayeyarwady River in the Economy
Project, a series of workshops were held in each of these sub basins (upper, Chindwin, middle, lower and
delta) to identify the goods and services provided by the river, but also to identify how these demands are
putting the river at risk, and ultimately the sectors themselves, which depend on a healthy Ayeyarwady.
30 participants attended each workshop. They represented a diversity of backgrounds; academia,
government, private sector and civil society. They identified the goods and services provided to their
sub basins that depend on their stretch of river. These include provisioning services such as water for
irrIgation, regulating services such as flood recession ponds for fish spawning, supporting services such as
safe habitats for biodiversity, and cultural services for tourism, as well as spiritual sites along the basin.
They were also asked to identify how these sectors providing goods and services are impacting upon the
river system, creating risks for the stretch of river in their region.
The top risks identified in each sub-basin are shown in the following figure. These include flooding,
mining, bank erosion, pollution, sedimentation, navigation challenges, river morphology changes, and fish
species degradation.
In addition to the individual risks identified within each localized sub-basin, there are also interlinked
risks from up to downstream.
For instance, increased mining or deforestation in the upper catchment may shift the sediment dynamics
downstream, causing bank erosion or sedimentation. As the Ayeyarwady flows through the country,
hydropower dams trap sediment and may reduce the valuable ecosystem services provided to flood
recession agriculture in its lower stretches. Because of this sedimentation the river widens and becomes
more shallow, causing significant challenges for boats navigating the waters. The use of pesticides and
fertilizers upstream also causes pollution for those using the river downstream. These are just a few of the
ways that risks are transported geographically throughout the entire river basin.
It is of paramount importance that economic development plans taking place, especially
in the upper reaches of the Ayeyarwady and its tributaries, take into account their impacts on the users
downstream. This includes not only water availability and quality, but also the timing of flows and
sediment dynamics. For instance, the flooding risks identified by stakeholders in the lower basin may
be due to a sediment deficit in the upper reaches. This in turn limits the flow of sediment to the delta,
contributing to its sinking. The lack of sediment may be due to a number of factors including regulation
of flows from dams, the trapping of actual sediment from dams or perhaps the extraction of sediment
for the construction sector. Individually these impacts may be small, but cumulatively they may result in
a vulnerable delta, the home of the majority of Myanmar’s population, infrastructure, and fish and rice
production..."
Source/publisher:
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Date of publication:
2018-05-11
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dams and other projects on the Irrawaddy and its tributories, Fisheries (including aquaculture and fishing), Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Biodiversity - global and regional
Language:
Format :
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Size:
1.97 MB
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Description:
"2017 has been a year of
considerable progress in
the Dawna Tenasserim
Landscape (DTL). This report
highlights WWF’s successes
on the Myanmar side of the landscape, and demonstrates how
donor support is helping us to setup and develop projects that are
and will continue to contribute to the overall goals for this vast
and ecologically rich landscape.
Across the board, WWF is working to show the significance of
the DTL and to protect it. Biodiversity surveys have shown that
key species including tiger and Asian elephant roam the DTL’s
critical corridors, demonstrating to partners this landscape’s
biodiversity values. Four Wildlife Protection Units (WPUs) have
been established to enhance the protection of these animals and
the areas in which they live. Together with partner organisations,
a project collaboration has been established, leading to the
development of a land use and management plan for the
Tanintharyi Landscape Corridor which will secure its vital
long-term protection. As funding for the landscape programme
has also increased, WWF has now secured crucial support
for the protection and effective management of the proposed
Tanintharyi National Park. WWF’s signing of an MoU with the
Karen National Union exemplifies the strong partnerships that
are being developed in the DTL, and our growing credibility
has enabled us to secure funding to begin rubber-focussed
conservation work.
The DTL is an inherently transboundary landscape, straddling
the Myanmar-Thailand border. Critical corridors enable the free
movement of key populations of terrestrial species. For example,
where Thailand has lost its forested corridor connecting Kaeng
Krachan Forest Complex (KKFC) to the Western Forest Complex
(WEFCOM), connectivity between these two significant forested
areas is preserved by the Tanintharyi Landscape Corridor on
Myanmar’s side of the DTL. Species moving between the two
forest complexes have no choice but to move back and forth over
the border.
This is a critical moment for progress in this spectacular
landscape. Though we are at an early stage of engagement,
funding has enabled us to embrace this key time frame, initiating
and scaling up engagement whilst allowing us the flexibility to
move on opportunities and deliver concrete support to local
partners..."
Source/publisher:
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Date of publication:
2018-08-11
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
The impact of natural disasters on the environment and people of Burma/Myanmar, Biodiversity - global and regional, Biodiversity - Burma/Myanmar-related, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
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2.55 MB
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Description:
"This has been a year of results.
From zero elephant rangers we now have 220 on the ground in our Central
Elephant Landscape and have gone from one elephant poached per week,
to one a month and now one every six months.
We have achieved one of the toughest wildlife laws in Asia with a
mandatory minimum three years imprisonment for poaching or trade
of completely protected species and seen it implemented in the courts.
Through the Voices for Momos campaign we have secured a ban on illegal
wildlife sales in Yangon region.
It has also been a year of challenges.
The Dawei Road project has re-awoken and is pushing ahead with
potential devastating impacts to a critical tiger corridor. Conversations
around dams are becoming louder and more frequent and everyone is
aware of the challenges Myanmar is facing in its transition to democracy.
To meet these challenges we are expanding our presence with offices now
in Naypyidaw, Hpa-An, Dawei and Yangon, and work focused across three
landscapes –Dawna Tenasserim, Central Elephant and Ayeyarwady.
Our work in natural resource protection and management is investment in
the peace, stability, and prosperity of an entire nation. This is evidenced
in our Dawna Tenasserim projects where we are working alongside
returning Karen refugees supporting livelihoods through a sustainable,
inclusive, landscape approach.
Now more than ever we need to ensure Myanmar’s natural heritage
remains and underpins sustainable, inclusive development for the good of
all its people..."
Source/publisher:
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Date of publication:
2018-11-28
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Biodiversity - Burma/Myanmar-related, Biodiversity - international standards and mechanisms, The impact of natural disasters on the environment and people of Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Illegal Economy - general
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2.61 MB
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Description:
''ပခုက္ကူမြို့ ဘက်စုံသုံးရာသီဥတုဒဏ် အဆောက်အဦးတွင် မြေနေရာ ရာသီဥတုဒဏ်ခံနမူနာအိမ် ဂါလံ (၄၀၀၀)ဆံ့ ရေစင်၊ ပေ (၃၅၀) စက်ရေတွင်းနှင့် ရေနုတ်မြောင်းအား လွှဲပြောင်းပေးအပ်ခြင်းအခမ်းအနား ကျင်းပခြင်းကို MRTV မှရိုက်ကူးတင်ဆက်ပေးသည်။
Handing over ceremony of multi purpose flood shelter in Pakokku broadcasted by MRTV...''
Source/publisher:
MRTV via HABITAT Myanmar
Date of publication:
2018-04-30
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Urban development
Language:
more
Topic:
Handing over ceremony of multi purpose flood shelter in Pakokku broadcasted by Eleven.
Topic:
Handing over ceremony of multi purpose flood shelter in Pakokku broadcasted by Eleven.
Description:
"ပခုက္ကူမြို့ ဘက်စုံသုံးရာသီဥတုဒဏ် အဆောက်အဦးတွင် မြေနေရာ ရာသီဥတုဒဏ်ခံနမူနာအိမ် ဂါလံ (၄၀၀၀)ဆံ့ ရေစင်၊ ပေ (၃၅၀) စက်ရေတွင်းနှင့် ရေနုတ်မြောင်းအား လွှဲပြောင်းပေးအပ်ခြင်းအခမ်းအနား ကျင်းပခြင်းကို ELEVEN မှရိုက်ကူးတင်ဆက်ပေးသည်။
Handing over ceremony of multi purpose flood shelter in Pakokku broadcasted by Eleven..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT Myanmar via Eleven Media
Date of publication:
2018-04-30
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - climate education, introductions, films, guides, links, bibliographies, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar
Language:
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Description:
"Understanding climate – its drivers, variabilities, extremes, and trends – is essential for facilitating
better risks and resources management, and development of planning initiatives. Historical climate
data, which is a record of past climate, can reinforce short term, medium term, and long term
preparedness. Historical climate data, along with other variables, provides a range of utility, viz:
o identification of climate’s location specific seasonality, variations and trends, and climate
correlation to other relevant variables (e.g. rainfall and/or temperature and crop growth,
crop yield and/or crop damage; rainfall and/or temperature and insect infestation; rainfall
and/or temperature and disease outbreak; rainfalland/or temperature and drought; rainfall
and flooding; temperature and/or rainfall and energy generation and consumption; rainfall
and temperature and reservoir operation; and wind speed and wind energy generation, etc.),
for guiding effective planning and decision making in various sectors, pricing premiums and
identification of incentive packages to clients in insurance industry, and better analysis and
presentation of reports by media
o validation of community experiences, for fostering national, sub national and local
stakeholders’ understanding of climate risks and strengthening design of interventions for
resilience
o development and updating of location specific hazard and/or risk maps, for guiding disaster
risk reduction decisions
o refining weather/climate forecasting models
o providing reference for analysis of forecast of various timescales, and generation of
advisories for risks and resources management
o providing reference against which to compare current climate, and a baseline for anticipating
potential future scenarios
The key focus of this analysis is to provide evidence to/support community climate related
experiences and perceptions, in key townships in Myanmar’s Central Dry, coastal and hilly zones; and
develop inferences vis à vis opportunities and risks offered by location specific climate variabilities,
extremes, and trends.
1.2. Objectives
While providing opportunities for various uses of analysis outputs, this study is undertaken to provide
evidence to/support community experiences and perceptions on climate variabilities, extremes and
observable trends in select priority areas in different climate zones, in Table 1, for evolving better
understanding of past, current and potential future climate opportunities and risks..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2018-06-07
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.02 MB
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Description:
''The Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA) was launched in 2013 with the joint efforts of the United Nations
Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MNREC) and its Environmental Conservation
Department (ECD). The programme also works closely with several other ministries and government agencies,
including the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MSWRR) and its Relief and Resettlement
Department (RRD). The overall objective of MCCA is to mainstream climate change into the policy development
and reform agenda of Myanmar.
The country is highly vulnerable to climate change and hazards. At a local level, climate change is already resulting
in more frequent and severe disasters such as devastating cyclones, frequently recurring floods and
storm surges, droughts and consequent climate driven migration, and loss of productivity in the agriculture
sector, among others. In the context of increasing climate-induced risks, local administrations need to enhance
their capacities for climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). In response, MCCA
and ECD designed a training course entitled “Building Local Level Resilience to Climate Change in Myanmar”.
The overall aim of the training course is to build the capacity of national and local governments for integrating
CCA and DRR measures into local development plans. The course modules are tailored to equip government
officials with robust knowledge on climate change and its impacts in Myanmar, as well as with analytical and
technical skills on how to develop local CCA and DRR strategies and plans based upon vulnerability assessments...''
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-03-26
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Adaptation, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Urban development, The impact of natural disasters on the environment and people of Burma/Myanmar
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3.86 MB
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Description:
"In 2016 the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA), implemented by
UN-Habitat and UN-Environment, on behalf of the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environmental Conservation, conducted a detailed
climate change vulnerability assessment of Labutta Township, in
collaboration with WWF and Columbia University...."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2018-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Adaptation, The impact of natural disasters on the environment and people of Burma/Myanmar, The forests of Burma/Myanmar - General
Language:
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Description:
"Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, the adverse
effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. This notion is used to describe
socio-economic, physical and environmental factors, which determine the sensitivity/susceptibility
of a country, town, community or individual to the impact of climate change (e.g. change in seasonal
patterns) and/or hazard (e.g. flood).
For example, socio-economic factors of vulnerability are poverty, low level of awareness on climate
change, and dependence on climate-sensitive agricultural production. Land degradation and
unsustainable natural resources management are environmental factors of vulnerability. For
instance, cutting mangroves in populated coastal areas increases the vulnerability of communities
because mangroves help in reducing wind speed, flooding and coastal erosion. Physical vulnerability
relates to the state of infrastructure and human settlements.
Countries and communities are more vulnerable when they have low adaptive capacity. The latter
specifies their ability to adjust to climate change (including to climate variability and extremes) and
moderate or cope with its potential negative impacts. Adaptive capacity also relates to the ability of
people to take advantage of opportunities and benefits from climate change. For example, a longer
growing season due to changing climate offers opportunity to farmers to increase their income.
However, their adaptive capacity is often constrained by the limited access to knowledge and
technology on how to increase their production under longer growing season conditions.
Adaptation to climate change aims at reducing vulnerability and building climate resilience. Climate
resilience is the ability of a system to (i) absorb stress and cope with climate change and hazards,
including maintaining its basic structure, functions and adaptive capacity, and (ii) recover, adapt and
transform in ways that improve its sustainability, leaving it better prepared for future climate change
impacts. In this context, climate-resilient development of townships of Myanmar suggests
development that ensures townships' ability to cope with current climate and its impact and to
adapt to future climate change, by preserving development gains and minimising damages..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-03-26
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Adaptation, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Environmentalists of Burma/Myanmar, Urban development
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.21 MB
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Description:
The climate of an area is usually described as average weather condition experienced over a long period of time. Climate change is the change in climatic elements over the time period that ranges from decade to centuries. This change can be measured by changes of temperature, precipitation, and ext reme weather events. This paper aims to assess climate change and its affect on Myanmar and to evaluate the climate o f Yangon City in context with g lobal warming. Climate change, in this study is variation in normal condition of majo r climatic elements of temperature and precipitation. A mount of rainfall, rainy days, and onset and withdrawal of monsoon system are considered in this study because they can highlight the affect of climate change over Myanmar. Observed climat ic data mainly fro m Depart ment of Hydrology and Meteorology and other departments concerned are used in this research. Time-series analysis, statistical co mputation, trend line analysis, and graphical analysis are applied to understand changing climat ic elements. The research reveals that climate of Myanmar is changing in line with global warming. The analysis point ou t the gradual change has pronounced since 1979. In Yangon, slight increase rainfall is found at central part of the City than surrounding area. Peak monsoon rainfall is increasing but early and late monsoon rainfall is decreasing in Yangon City. The noteworthy fact is found that the average maximu m temperature of Yangon City is increasing with a something rate wh ile the average minimu m temperature is significantly decreasing over a period of 60 years. This case leads to the increasing trend in DTR. And also contribute to decrease daily mean temperature. The decrease in daily mean temperatures per decade by decade is experience in this study. This factor opposes to global warming that is both maximu m and minimu m temperatures are increased. Therefore understanding on localized variat ion and microclimate condition are important to conduct more convenience adaptation and planning for local inhabitant. Key words; climate change, global warming,, maximu m and minimum temperature, d iurnal range of temperature (DTR), and rainfall ano malies..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education Myanmar
Date of publication:
2012-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Urban development, Climate Change science - Global Warming
Language:
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Description:
"Warming of the Earth's climate system is evident from the observed increases in the average global
air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.
Weather events of all kinds are getting more extreme. In arid areas, droughts and wildfires intensify.
Number of cold days and nights decreases, while winter temperatures and precipitation become
more extreme. Cities experience more frequent and extreme heat waves.
Temperatures will continue to rise in future. Most scientists agree on the "threshold" of a 2°C
increase in global average temperature on the pre-industrial levels, above which humans and nature
will not be able to cope with the negative effects of climate change. Myanmar is already
experiencing significant losses due to climate change, and without adaptation, country's future
development will be impeded.
There are eight major physiographic regions in Myanmar: the Ayeyarwady Delta, Central Dry Zone,
Northern Hilly Region, Rakhine Coastal Region, Eastern Hilly Region, Southern Coastal Region,
Yangon Deltaic Region, and Southern Interior Region. These regions form three main agroecological
zones: i) Central Dry Zone; ii) Coastal Zone; and iii) Hilly Zone (Figure 1). The latter are used to
describe climate variability and change at the sub-national level.
The country's climate is tropical to subtropical monsoon with three seasons: (i) hot, dry intermonsoonal
(mid-February to mid-May); (ii) rainy southwest monsoon (mid-May to late October);
and (iii) cool, relatively dry northeast monsoon (late October to mid-February). Annual climate
patterns, as well as seasonal temperatures and precipitation vary across the country, as summarized
below..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-03-26
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Policies and projects, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Urban development
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Description:
"In 2016 the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance, comprised of UNHabitat,
UN-Environment and the Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environmental Conservation, in collaboration with WWF and
Columbia University conducted a detailed climate change vulnerability
assessment of Pakokku Township..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2018-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Policies and projects, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Adaptation, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar
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Description:
"This assessment analyses the vulnerability of the
ecosystem, infrastructure, and socio-economic
conditions in Hakha Township located in Chin State,
Myanmar in relation to present and projected climatic
conditions. It concludes that the current vulnerability
of Hakha Township is high, and with
the predicted changes in climate, decision
makers in Hakha Township will need to plan for
increased flash floods and landslides, strong winds,
increased temperature, and erratic rainfall with
greater amounts of rain within a shorter monsoon
season. Based on these findings, required actions
for building resilience over the medium to long term
are proposed in this report. In 2017–18 the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA), implemented by UNHabitat and UN-Environment, in partnership with the Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environmental Conservation and in collaboration with the International
Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), conducted a detailed
climate change vulnerability assessment of Hakha Township, which is located in
the mountainous China State of Myanmar. Chin State spans 36,019 km2 and is
bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the
south, Bangladesh to the south-west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west
and Manipur to the north (Figure 1). The capital of the state is in Hakha and the
population is approximately 478,801 as per the 2014 Census.
The present study analyses current vulnerability and predicts future vulnerability of
Hakha Township by projecting future changes in climate for a period up to 2050.
On this basis, scenarios that describe the potential impact of climate change and
adaptation solutions to avoid the worst-case future scenario are proposed. These
solutions have been compiled after several consultations with local communities
and decision makers following a bottom-up approach. The study also describes
the expected outcomes and results, and priority activities identified by communities
during the course of the assessment. We use downscaled climate projections that
were developed using ICIMOD datasets at a 10 x 10 km grid for predicting climate
change impacts for the period up to 2050. The projections show an increase in
temperature by as much as 1.7°C in 2050. Rainfall patterns are also predicted to
change, with a possible increase in total annual rainfall by 150–300 mm and a
shortening of the rainy season that will bring more frequent heavy rainfall events..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-06-24
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Glacier reduction - Impact on water supply
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Description:
"Based on analysis of data from 1996-2015, Myanmar was ranked second in long-term climate risk
index (Kreft, et al., 2016), indicating higher impacts of climate events within the 10-year period.
This, even with Myanmar recording the least number of climate events among the countries
included in the list (i.e. Myanmar recorded 41 climate events; the nine (9) other countries had
climate events ranging from 44 to 283).
The current socio-economic conditions in Myanmar make it more susceptible to impacts of
hazard events – cutting across lives, livelihoods and assets. Hazard impacts are
disproportionately higher on the poor and vulnerable. With high degree of poverty in Myanmar’s
rural areas, even low-intensity hazards have big impacts on households. In rural communities,
the poor often live in remote areas in low-quality housing, and lack access to basic services and
local infrastructure, all of which affect their ability to deal with hazard events (Government of the
Union of Myanmar, 2015).
Historical hazard events, and their impacts, offer views on the susceptibility of the vulnerable.
Analysis suggests that climate-related events are likely to be exacerbated by climate change, and
their impacts aggravated by environmental degradation (ibid), which are expected to redound to
increased economic and social losses.
Climate information of various timescales (historical data, 1-3 days forecast, 5-10 days forecast,
monthly and seasonal outlook, and long-term climate change projections) could, when applied
seamlessly and meaningfully, reduce the impacts of hazards and promote productivity. Effective
disaster risk management/reduction and improved resilience requires ingestion of climate
information of different timescales in plans and decisions.
Understanding of capacities and gaps in climate information generation and application could
guide interventions for enhancing availability, understanding, translation into sector-relevant
information, and application of most viable response options, for improved disaster risk
reduction and resilience..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-03-27
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Adaptation
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Description:
"Myanmar aims to achieve a healthy and happy society that is able to resist
changes in climate regimes and whose economic development will be implemented
through integrated low carbon approaches by 2030. The Myanmar Climate Change
Master Plan (2018-2030) has been formulated and adopted with the view toward
mainstreaming a series of prioritized sectoral short, medium and long term actions
identified in the Myanmar Climate Change Policy and Strategy.
The Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) showcases the result of
extensive in-depth sectoral consultations and bilateral discussions by line ministerial
departments and enterprises, city development committees, research and academia,
private and non-governmental organizations, civil-society organizations, development
partners from national and international agencies, experts, technical working groups
of Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA) as well as comments from relevant subnational stakeholders.
The Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) clearly defines a series
of high-priority activities, their respective strategic indicators, and the responsibilities
of involved stakeholders across six specific sectors prioritized in Myanmar Climate
Change Strategy defined as: “climate-smart agriculture, fisheries and livestock for food
security, sustainable management of natural resources for healthy ecosystems,
resilient and low-carbon energy, transport and industrial systems for sustainable
growth, building resilient, inclusive and sustainable cities and towns in Myanmar,
managing climate risks for people’s health and well-being, and building a resilient
Myanmar society through education, science and technology”.
The Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) has great confidence that
this master plan will provide a guiding roadmap for proactive sectoral preparedness in
tailoring and scaling down the responses needed to address annual climate-induced
natural disasters facing with Myanmar as well as stimulating opportunities for long
term economic development along low carbon pathways. In addition, this Master Plan
serves as an operationalizing framework for ensuring Myanmar’s achievement of its
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) to the 2015 Global Climate Change Paris
Agreement.....၂၀၃၀ ခုနှစ်တွေင် ရာသီဥတုကဖပာင်းလဲမှုေဏ်ကို ခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိမပီး ကာဗွေန် ုတ်လွှတ်မ ှု
ကလျော့နည်းကသာ ကျေန်းမာကပျော်ရွှင်သည့် ဖမန်မာ့လူမှုအြွေဲ့အစည်းတစ်ရပ်ကို အားလုံးပူးကပါင်းပါဝင်
ကဆာင်ရွက်သည့်နည်းလမ်းဖြင့် ကြာ်ကဆာင်နိုင်ကရးအတွေက် ဖမန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရာသီဥတုကဖပာင်းလဲမှု
ဆိုင်ရာ မူဝါေ နှင့် မဟာဗျေူဟာ ပါ လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်မျေားကို နှစ်တို၊ နှစ်လတ်၊ နှစ်ရှည် ဦးစားကပး
စီမံချေက်မျေားဖြင့် ကဏ္ဍအသီးသီးတွေင် ကပါင်းစပ်အကကာင်အ ည်ကြာ် ကဆာင်ရွက်ရန် ဖမန်မာနိုင်ငံ
ရာသီဥတုကဖပာင်းလဲမှုဆိုင်ရာ ပင်မလုပ်ငန်းအစီအစဉ် (၂၀၁၈-၂၀၃၀) ကို ကရးဆွေဲချေမှတ်ဖခင်း
ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
ဖမန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရာသီဥတုကဖပာင်းလဲမှုဆိုင်ရာ ပင်မလုပ်ငန်းအစီအစဉ် (၂၀၁၈-၂၀၃၀) သည်
ဆက်စပ်ဝန်ကကီးဌာနမျေားမှ ဦးစီးဌာနမျေား နှင့် လုပ်ငန်းဌာနမျေား၊ မမို့ကတာ်စည်ပင်သာယာကရး
ကကာ်မတ ီမျေား၊ သုကတသန နှင့် ပညာကရး အြွေဲ့အစည်းမျေား၊ ပုဂ္ဂလိကကဏ္ဍ၊ အစိုးရမဟုတ်ကသာ
အြွေဲ့အစည်းမျေားကဏ္ဍနှင့် အရပ်ြက် လူမှုအြွေဲ့အစည်းမျေား၊ ဖပည်တ ွေင်းဖပည်ပ မိတ်ြက်
အြွေဲ့အစည်းမျေားမှ ကိုယ်စားလှယ်မျေား၊ ဖမန်မာရာသီဥတု ကဖပာင်းလဲမှုဆိုင်ရာ ပူးကပါင်းကဆာင်ရွက်မှု
အစီအစဉ် (Myanmar Climate Change Alliance - MCCA) ၏ နည်းပညာလုပ်ငန်းအြွေဲ့ဝင်မျေားဖြင့်
ဦးစားကပးကဏ္ဍအလိုက် အကသးစိတ်ကတွေ့ဆုံကဆွေးကနွေးဖခင်း၊ နှစ်ဦးနှစ်ြက် ကတွေ့ဆုံကဆွေးကနွေးဖခင်း၊
တိုင်းကေသကကီး/ဖပည်နယ်မျေား အပါအဝင် ဆက်စပ်ပါဝင်သူမျေားအားလုံး၏ သကဘာ ားအကကံဖပု
ချေက်မျေားရယူဖခင်း စသည့် အားလုံးပူးကပါင်းပါဝင် ကကိုးစားမှု၏ ရလေ်တစ်ခုဖြစ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-05-27
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Adaptation, Climate Change - Migration Global, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
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Description:
"The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is firmly engaged in a
historic process of development, democratization, justice and
peace. However, the ability of our country to reach the targets
under the Sustainable Development Plan, National Comprehensive
Plan, and our peace efforts could be faced an obstacle by observed
and future changes in climate.
In the last six decades the country has recorded increased
intensity of floods, cyclones, and droughts which have caused
immense loss of lives and suffering, damage to infrastructure and
assets and economic impacts. In addition, more silent, yet very
disruptive, effects of climate change are eroding our society’s
wellbeing and productive capacities. In particular, the shrinking of the Monsoon season, the increase in average annual temperatures
and the salinization of land in coastal areas are reducing the
productivity of agriculture, and consequently livelihood
opportunities, which induce many to migrate within Myanmar and
abroad. Climate change effects also provoke displacement, both
as a result of sudden disasters or, for instance, the loss of land to
sea-level rise and erosion, which heighten the potential for
conflict and tensions among communities......ပည်ေထာင်စုသမ္မတခမန်မာနိုင်ငဳသည် သမိုင်ဵတွင်ကျေန်ရစ်မည်ဴ ဒီမိုကေရစီ
ခပုခပင်ေခပာင်ဵလဲမှု၊ တရာဵမျှေတမှုနှင်ဴ ငငိမ်ဵြေျေမ်ဵေရဵ၊ ဖွဳ့ငဖိုဵ တိုဵတက်မှုေဖာ်ေဆာင်ေရဵ
လုပ်ငန်ဵစဉ်မျောဵကို ြေိုင်မာစွာ အေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်ေဆာင်လျေက်ရှိပါသည်။
သို့ရာတွင် လက်ရှိကကုဳေတွ့ေနရငပီဵအနာဂတ် ကာလတွင်လည်ဵ ကကုဳေတွ့ရဖွယ်ရှိ
သည်ဴ ရာသီဥတုေခပာင်ဵလဲမှုမျောဵသည် ငငိမ်ဵြေျေမ်ဵေရဵကကိုဵပမ်ဵတည်ေဆာက်မှုမျောဵ၊
စဉ်ဆက်မခပတ် ဖွဳ့ငဖိုဵတိုဵတက်မှု ပန်ဵတိုင်မျောဵနှင်ဴ အမျေ ိုဵသာဵဘက်စုဳ ဖွဳ့ငဖိုဵ
တိုဵတက်မှု ရည်မှန်ဵြေျေက်မျောဵသို့ ေရာက်ရှိေရဵေဆာင်ရွက်ရာတွင် အဟန့်အတာဵ
တစ်ြေုသဖွယ် ခဖစ်ေနပါသည်။
လွန်ြေဲဴေသာ နှစ်ေပါင်ဵ (၆၀) ကာလအတွင်ဵ နိုင်ငဳအနှဳ့အခပာဵတွင် ေရကကီဵ
ခြေင်ဵ၊ မုန်တိုင်ဵတိုက်ြေတ်ခြေင်ဵနှင်ဴ မိုဵေြေါင်ခြေင်ဵတို့ ပိုမိုခပင်ဵထန်စွာ ခဖစ်ပွာဵြေဲဴေသာ
ေ ကာင်ဴ အသက်အိုဵအိမ် စည်ဵစိမ်မျောဵ ပျေက်စီဵဆုဳဵရှုဳဵမှု၊ လမ်ဵတဳတာဵ ဆက်သွယ်ေရဵ
အပါအဝင် အေခြေြေဳအေဆာက်အဦမျောဵ ပျေက်စီဵမှုနှင်ဴ စီဵပွာဵေရဵထိြေိုက်မှုမျောဵ ခဖစ်ေပါ်
ြေဲဴပါသည်။ ထို့ခပင် ခပင်ဵထန်ေသာ ရာသီဥတု၏ ဆိုဵကျေ ိုဵသက်ေရာက်မှုမျောဵသည..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar
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Description:
"Myanmar has achieved significant growth in recent years, and projections
indicate that growth will accelerate due to lower levels of political uncertainty and
strong investment (WEF 2016). However, the impacts of climate change have already
undermined development outcomes and will continue to do so for future development
outcomes if these impacts are not managed or addressed.
The observed and projected changes in climate include a general increase in
temperature, variation in rainfall and an increased occurrence and severity of extreme
weather events such as cyclones, floods, droughts, intense rains and extreme high
temperatures. The country is also experiencing a decrease in the duration of the
southwest monsoon season due to its late onset and early retreat (NAPA 2013).
Current patterns of socioeconomic development rely on climate-sensitive sectors
and regions. For example, agriculture is the largest economic sector, contributing to 30
percent of GDP and employing to 61 percent of the labour force (MOAI 2014). An increase
in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events has caused a decline in
agricultural productivity, which has resulted in a decrease in GDP and household income
and rising food insecurity (MOAI 2015). Myanmar's population and economic activities
are concentrated in disaster risk-prone areas such as the Delta, Coastal and Central Dry
Zones, which are highly exposed to hazards and have both high poverty levels and low
response capacity. Coastal regions are particularly at risk from sea level rise and
cyclones, while the lowlands and Central Dry Zone are vulnerable to the impacts of
floods and droughts, respectively. Communities and businesses located in at-risk regions
and reliant on climate-sensitive economic activities are particularly vulnerable to the
impacts of climate change (NAPA 2013; IPCC 2014).
Due to its exposure and sensitivity to current and projected weather patterns,
Myanmar is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In the past 20 years
(1995–2014), it has been exposed to 41 extreme weather events resulting in a death toll
of 7, 146 (annual average) inhabitants and an annual average of 0.74 percent loss per.....ြပည်ေထာင်စုသမ္မတ ြမန်မာနိုင်ငဳေတာ်အစိုဵရ၊ သယဳဇာတနှင်ဴ သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်ဵ ျင်
ထိန်ဵသိမ်ဵေရဵဝန်က ီဵဌာန (MONREC)သည် ဤမဟာဗျူဟာ ေရဵဆွဲြပုစုရာတွင် ပူဵေပါင်ဵပါဝင်ေသာ
ြမန်မာဴရာသီဥတုေြပာင်ဵလဲမှုဆိုင်ရာ ပူဵေပါင်ဵေဆာင်ရွ ်မှုအစီအစဉ်(MCCA) ၏ စီမဳ ိန်ဵဆိုင်ရာ
ဦဵေဆာင်ေ ာ်မတီအဖွဲ့ဝင်မျာဵအာဵလုဳဵ၏ လမ်ဵညွှန်မှုမျာဵနှင်ဴ နည်ဵပညာလုပ်ငန်ဵ အဖွဲ့ဝင်မျာဵ
အာဵလုဳဵ၏ ဝိုင်ဵဝန်ဵ ူညီပဳဴပိုဵမှုမျာဵ ို အေလဵထာဵအသိအမှတ်ြပုပါသည်။ နည်ဵပညာလုပ်ငန်ဵ
အဖွဲ့တွင် အဓိ ျေသာ ဝန်က ီဵဌာနမျာဵ၊ ဦဵစီဵဌာနမျာဵ၊ ေနြပည်ေတာ်၊ ရန် ုန်နှင်ဴ မန္တေလဵမမို့မျာဵ
၏ မမို့ေတာ်စည်ပင်သာယာေရဵေ ာ်မတီဝင်မျာဵ၊ ပညာေရဵအဖွဲ့အစည်ဵမျာဵ၊ ြပည်ေထာင်စုသမ္မတ
ြမန်မာနိုင်ငဳ ုန်သည်မျာဵနှင်ဴစ ်မှုလ ်မှုလုပ်ငန်ဵရှင်မျာဵအသင်ဵချုပ်(UMFCCI)၊ ြမန်မာဴပတ်ဝန်ဵ ျင်
ထူေထာင်ထိန်ဵသိမ်ဵေရဵ ွန်ရ ် (MERN) အပါအဝင် လူမှုအဖွဲ့အစည်ဵမျာဵ၊ ပတ်ဝန်ဵ ျင်ထိန်ဵသိမ်ဵ
ေရဵ နှငဴ် ရာသီဥတုေြပာင်ဵလဲမှု လုပ်ငန်ဵနယ်ပယ်မျာဵတွင် ေဆာင်ရွ ်ေနသညဴ် လူမှု အဖွဲ့အစည်ဵမျာဵ၊
ြမန်မာနိုင်ငဳအင်ဂျင်နီယာအသင်ဵနှငဴ် ဖွဳ့မဖိုဵမှု မိတ်ဖ ်အဖွဲ့အစည်ဵမျာဵြဖစ်ေသာ ုလသမဂ္ဂဖွဳ့မဖိုဵမှု
အစီအစဉ် (UNDP)၊ သဘာဝေဘဵအန္တရာယ် ေလျှောဴချေရဵလုပ်ငန်ဵအဖွဲ့၊ ပတ်ဝန်ဵ ျင် ဏ္ဍလုပ်ငန်ဵ
အဖွဲ့၊ သစ်ေတာြပုန်ဵတီဵြခင်ဵနှင်ဴ သစ်ေတာအတန်ဵအစာဵ ျဆင်ဵြခင်ဵမှ ာဗွန်ထုတ်လွှတ်မှု
ေလျှောဴချြခင်ဵအစီအစဉ် (UN-REDD+)၊ Plan International၊ မ္ဘာလုဳဵဆိုင်ရာ သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်ဵ ျင်
ရန်ပုဳေငွအဖွဲ့ (WWF-ြမန်မာ)တို့ပါဝင်ပါသည်။ အဆိုပါအဖွဲ့အစည်ဵမျာဵမှ ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်မျာဵသည် လ ်ေတွ့
ေဆာင်ရွ ်နိုင်မညဴ် ဤမဟာဗျူဟာ ို ေရဵဆွဲနိုင်ရန် ၎င်ဵတို့၏ တန်ဖိုဵရှိလှေသာ ယူဆချ ်မျာဵ၊
အက ဳဉာဏ်မျာဵနှင်ဴ ဗျူဟာေြမာ ်အြမင်မျာဵ ို ဝိုင်ဵဝန်ဵပဳဴပိုဵေပဵခဲဴက ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher:
HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Date of publication:
2019-05-27
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Adaptation, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
2.27 MB 4.07 MB
more
Source/publisher:
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Date of publication:
2019-03-22
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
815.22 KB
more
Description:
"Evaluation contributes to accountability and lessons learning and should lead to improved management
decision-making and performance. For evaluation to play its roles, among other measures and procedures,
there needs to be careful consideration of evaluation recommendations as a basis for management
decisions.
Since 2006, FAO evaluation policy establishes that all evaluations in FAO must receive a Management
Response (MR) and a Follow-up report (FR). Standardized and assured quality in the Organization’s
responses and follow-up reports on evaluations enhances the transparency of the evaluation process and
enables drawing lessons on the effectiveness of, and compliance with the corporate evaluation policy. This
guidance note outlines the roles and responsibilities for the preparation of these reports.
FAO Office of Evaluation (OED) is also aware that the evaluation reports themselves need to facilitate
decision by management on recommendations and follow-up. Thus OED, in fulfilling its quality assurance
function, will endeavour to ensure that evaluation recommendations are expressed clearly and
unambiguously.
All queries on these procedures should be addressed to the Director, Office of Evaluation..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2018-04-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Law and policy on land in Burma/Myanmar, Description of land in Burma/Myanmar, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
779.89 KB
more
Description:
"The fisheries and aquaculture sector in Myanmar is critically important to the country’s food and nutrition security and
economy. Climate change is forecast to have a significant impact on the sector. For capture fisheries (marine and
inland) these impacts include changes in sea surface temperature, higher inland water temperature, changes in ocean
currents, changes in the frequency of El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, sea level rise and changing levels of
rain and water availability. The aquaculture sector is also exposed to hazards such as salt-water intrusion, flooding of
ponds, shortages in water supply, invasive species and ad hoc development planning altering local ecosystem
dynamics and undermining their resilience, integrity and functionality. The fisheries sector and dependent livelihoods
are also under stress from a range of other factors such as Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing,
overfishing and pollution. Myanmar is vulnerable to extreme climate events, which have caused significant loss of life,
damage to infrastructure and also impacted fishers and fish farmers’ livelihoods..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2018-12-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Fisheries (including aquaculture and fishing), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
440.14 KB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Myanmar is highly vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather conditions. Changing rainfall patterns, increasing
temperatures and rising sea level have negative impact on agricultural production which can lead to food insecurity.
Insufficient legal regulatory and institutional frameworks and limited capacity among key stakeholders in developing and
implementing improved practices for the management of productive landscapes (agricultural lands and forests) are key
barriers for Myanmar to effectively cope with the impacts of land degradation and climate change.
In order to address identified barriers and respond to the national needs, FAO coordinates the implementation of a
project entitled “Sustainable cropland and forest management in priority agro-ecosystems of Myanmar” in close
collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MoNREC), and the Ministry of
Agriculture Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI).
It is expected that by adapting Climate Smart Agricultural and Sustainable Forest Management systems, that are more
resilient to climatic trends and changes, production can be sustainably increased and achievement of national food
security and development goals will be enhanced. By signing the Paris Agreement, Myanmar has sent a very clear signal
about pursuing a low carbon development path. This is further backed up by national initiatives such as the
development of the National Climate Change Policy and sector strategies like the Myanmar Climate Smart Agriculture
Strategy. The project is therefore well aligned with the national development agenda..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2018-10-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Sustainable agriculture - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Contract farming
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
690.28 KB
more
Description:
"Happy Thadingyut and welcome to the third issue of FAO Myanmar
newsletter in 2018 featuring the most prominent activities of FAO in
Myanmar for the recent quarter!
During the previous quarter, FAO continued pursuing to reach its
sustainable development goals through the strong collaboration
with the government and resource partners. Recognizing the
relatively large, productive, and ecologically intact coastal zone of
Myanmar and understanding the requirement of conservation on
this valuable ecosystem, FAO’s EAF-Nansen Programme, with the
visit of the Research vessel Dr Fridtjof Nansen, conducted a survey
on the fisheries resources and marine ecosystem of Myanmar.
Myanmar is facing the global challenge of having enough quality
food for the total population and is also vulnerable to serious
natural disasters that negatively affect food security. As a
contribution of fighting against this challenge, FAO started off a
regional project on the Nutrition Sensitive Food and Agriculture that
will implement “Zero Hunger Challenge” in Myanmar.
Increasing and improving the provision of goods and services from
agriculture, forestry and fisheries is very important and essential for Myanmar’s sustainable development. The newly-launched
project of FAO at the Forest Research Institute will improve
research capacity and knowledge for sustainable management of
natural forests, which in turn, will enhance productivity of forest
plantations and restoration of degraded forests and landscapes.
Likewise, opening the “National Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)
Centre” will also help farming and forestry stakeholders in building
capacity to mitigate climate change and improve land condition.
At the same time, FAO is supporting the students from University
of Veterinary Science in the area of socio-economics through field
surveys as a support of providing graduates to work in rapidly
growing livestock sector of Myanmar.
FAO Myanmar remains committed to enhance resilience of
vulnerable communities through restoring, protecting and
improving livelihood opportunities. FAO is implementing a HARP
(DFID)-funded project in northern Rakhine State for the local
communities affected by the conflicts in 2017. The facilitation of
FAO during the observatory visit of British Ambassador to these
project sites is one of the highlights of this quarter..."
Xiaojie Fan
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2018-09-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security - global and regional literature, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
747.11 KB
more
Description:
"Livestock raising is an important source of income for smallholders all over the country, but especially in the Central Dry
Zone, due to its large available areas for livestock grazing. In this area, households raise cattle, sheep and goats, pigs
and poultry.
The recent rapid economic development of the country, and improved linkages to regional markets have increased the
demand for livestock products – meat, milk, and eggs, and this creates a great opportunity for household investment in
livestock.
While households can improve incomes through better livestock husbandry, it is only with improved government policies
and actions that the full potential of the sector can be reached, for example, those policies which enable Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) to deliver basic animal health services to smallholders throughout the country.
The project is being implemented in collaboration with the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD)..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2018-12-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Smallholder farming and farmers in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
725.61 KB
more
Description:
"Fisheries co-management projects, bringing together fisher communities, government, nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and research organizations, represent the best opportunity for
developing and sustaining inland and delta fisheries in Myanmar. Each partner brings different
competencies, field-tested experiences and an extensive network of communities, service providers
and trading networks into the process.
Vulnerability can be defined as the extent to which an activity or a group of persons is exposed to a
hazard, and also the extent to which they are able to respond or adapt. It also includes socio-economic
characteristics (e.g. poverty and employment rates, age of the population, power dynamics). The
Participatory rural appraisal – Vulnerability study of Ayeyarwady Delta fishing communities in
Myanmar and social protection opportunities (PRA-V study) seeks to inform fisheries management
and social protection processes of the key vulnerability issues faced by fishers at the five pilot sites
selected for fisheries co-management. The five co-management sites are located in: Labutta, Pyapon,
Maubin, Hinthada and Thabaung townships (Figure 2). All sites have a t least one villa ge t ha t is
implementing a rudimentary form of fisheries co-management. Two of the sites (Labutta and Pyapon)
are in coastal saline areas, two are in freshwater areas (Hinthada and Thabaung) while the fifth site
(Maubin) is in an area inland that alternates between freshwater and brackish conditions..."
Aung Kyaw Thein, Richard Gregory, Michael Akester, Florence Poulain, Romain Langeard
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Fisheries (including aquaculture and fishing), Food Security in Burma/Myanmar - web searches, specialised groups, reports and statistics, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.8 MB
more
Description:
"The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is implementing a project
entitled “Sustainable Cropland and forest management in priority agro-ecosystems of Myanmar
(SLM-GEF)” in coordination with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation (MoNREC) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI) with
funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
The project aims to facilitate and strengthen sustainable land management (SLM), sustainable
forest management (SFM), and climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The project facilitates the
adoption of climate smart agriculture (CSA) policies and practices that will help to sustainably
increase productivity, enhance resilience (adaptation), reduce/remove GHGs (mitigation) and
enhance achievement of national food security and development goals.
The project intends to establish a national CSA/SLM training program mainstreaming CSA/SLM
in the agriculture related training conducted by Department of Agriculture (DOA), State
Agricultural Institutes (SAI), Department of Agriculture Research (DAR) and Yezin Agricultural
University (YAU). The project will work with DoA, SAIs, DAR and YAU to integrate CSA within
their research, training and development programs. The training program will vary with the need
and nature of the institutions, for example;(1) one month training together with other subjects for
the in-service or refresher course at Central Agriculture Research and Training Centre (CARTC),
(2) one week intensive training of trainers (ToT) aiming for the senior extension agents of DoA,
DAR and YAU, (3) CSA component integrated into the course for diploma students at SAIs, and
(4) CSA component integrated into the course for bachelor and master's level at YAU.
AVSI Foundation was contracted to develop the Climate Smart Agriculture Curriculum and
Handbook to be introduced and incorporated as a course (subject) into the existing education
systems at different levels as mentioned above. This document will serve as the main
resource/reference book for professors/lecturers/teachers from the different State Agricultural
Institutes to include the related topics on CSA into their courses for teaching the students..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security in Burma/Myanmar - web searches, specialised groups, reports and statistics, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
341.06 KB
more
Description:
"The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is implementing a project
entitled “Sustainable Cropland and forest management in priority agro-ecosystems of Myanmar
(SLM-GEF)” in coordination with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation (MoNREC) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI) with
funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
The project aims to facilitate and strengthen sustainable land management (SLM), sustainable
forest management (SFM), and climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The project facilitates the
adoption of climate smart agriculture (CSA) policies and practices that will help to sustainably
increase productivity, enhance resilience (adaptation), reduce/remove GHGs (mitigation) and
enhance achievement of national food security and development goals.
The project intends to establish a national CSA/SLM training program mainstreaming CSA/SLM
in the agriculture related training conducted by Department of Agriculture (DoA), State
Agricultural Institutes (SAI), Department of Agriculture Research (DAR) and Yezin Agricultural
University (YAU). The project will work with DoA, SAIs, DAR and YAU to integrate CSA within
their research, training and development programs. The training program will vary with the need
and nature of the institutions, for example;(1) one month training together with other subjects for
the in-service or refresher course at Central Agriculture Research and Training Centre (CARTC),
(2) one week intensive training of trainers (ToT) aiming for the senior extension agents of DoA,
DAR and YAU, (3) CSA component integrated into the course for diploma students at SAIs, and
(4) CSA component integrated into the course for bachelor and master's level at YAU.
AVSI Foundation has been contracted to develop the Climate Smart Agriculture Curriculum and
Handbook to be introduced and incorporated as a course (subject) into the existing education
systems at different levels as mentioned above. This document will serve as the main
resource/reference book for the trainers to include the related topics on CSA into their courses for
teaching..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security in Burma/Myanmar - web searches, specialised groups, reports and statistics, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
377.97 KB
more
Description:
"Dear Readers,
Welcome to the first FAO Myanmar newsletter of
2019!
In 2019, FAO will continue its strong support to
the Government of Myanmar and its people. At
the start of the year, the new Country
Programming Framework (CPF) for Myanmar
outlining the priority areas of FAO support to and
partnership with the Government for a six-year
period was signed. FAO Assistant DirectorGeneral and Regional Representative for Asia and
Pacific joined the CPF signing ceremony as well
as observed the on-ground situation of FAO
projects in the country.
With the new framework of partnership, FAO will
extend its assistance to the Government to
achieve three main goals. The first is enhanced
food security, nutrition and food safety. The
second is strengthened governance and
sustainable management of land, forests, water
resources and ecosystems. The third relates to
enhanced resilience of local communities and
farming households to natural and humanitarian disasters, climate change and transboundary and
emerging infectious disease risks. The achievement
of these three goals will be closely linked to our
support in the accomplishment of the
Government’s strategies such as: the Multisectoral National Plan of Action for Nutrition (MSNPAN), the Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS)
and the Myanmar Action Plan for Disaster Risk
Reduction (MAPDRR). Through all the efforts that
are being put in place, FAO aspires to see economic
growth and political stability in Myanmar.
FAO Myanmar remains committed to contribute
to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in
the country more specifically, the Myanmar
Sustainable Development Plan through a strong
collaboration with the Government counterparts,
donors, and development and humanitarian
partners.
I wish you all a happy Myanmar New Year!
Enjoy reading our Newsletter!..."
Xiaojie Fan
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-03-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.23 MB
more
Description:
"The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is implementing a project
entitled “Sustainable Cropland and forest management in priority agro-ecosystems of Myanmar
(SLM-GEF)” in coordination with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation (MoNREC) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI)
with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). AVSI Foundation has been
contracted to develop the National Farmer Field School (FFS) curriculum and FFS Handbook.
AVSI Foundation has developed a FFS curriculum/module on climate smart agriculture (CSA)
techniques/practices for each selected agricultural crop and for each of the three agro-ecological
zones incorporating solutions to the major problems identified during the need assessments and
also considering the findings of value chain analysis..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security in Burma/Myanmar - web searches, specialised groups, reports and statistics, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
319.01 KB
more
Description:
"The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is implementing a project
entitled “Sustainable Cropland and forest management in priority agro-ecosystems of Myanmar
(SLM-GEF)” in coordination with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation (MoNREC) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI)
with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
The project aims to facilitate and strengthen sustainable land management (SLM), sustainable
forest management (SFM), and climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The project facilitates the
adoption of CSA policies and practices that will help to sustainably increase productivity,
enhance resilience, reduce/remove GHGs and enhance achievement of national food security
and development goals. At field level, the project is active in five pilot Townships from three
different agro-ecological zones implementing various relevant CSA initiatives mainly using
Farmer Field Schools (FFS) models.
Upland/hill Pilot Site: Mindat and Kanpetlet Townships, Chin State
Coastal/Delta Zone Pilot Site: Laputta Township, Ayeyarwady Region
Central Dry Zone Pilot Site: Kyaukpadaung and Nyaung U Townships, Mandalay Region
AVSI Foundation was contracted as a Service Provider to develop the FFS curriculum and FFS
Handbook for each of the above mentioned three agro-ecological zones. Accordingly, the FFS
curriculum/module on CSA techniques/practices for the prioritized agricultural crops and
cropping systems under each of the three agro-ecological zones have been developed
incorporating solutions to the major problems identified during the need assessments and also
considering the findings of value chain analysis. After finalizing the FFS curriculum, a FFS
handbook has been developed for each agro-ecological zone both in Myanmar and English
version. This handbook is intended to help the Extension Workers, FFS Facilitators and FFS
Committee/farmers to implement FFS on CSA techniques and practices in costal/delta Region
and scaling up the learnings in similar areas of Myanmar..."
Ms. Xiaojie Fan
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Smallholder farming and farmers in Burma/Myanmar, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
6.02 MB
more
Description:
"The share of agriculture in the gross domestic product (GDP) of some countries in the AsiaPacific region has declined in recent years as their economies transition from agrarian to
industrial and service-oriented; however, agriculture is still important in terms of employment
and its role as a buffer in phases of deceleration in other sectors. Agricultural biotechnologies
have the potential to enhance the contribution of agriculture to these countries’ economies.
This study presents overviews of the applications adopted by countries in the Asia-Pacific
region and the main gaps in applications, capacities and enabling environments, and makes a
few suggestions about what could be done for better utilization of agricultural biotechnologies
in the region..."
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Date of publication:
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security - global and regional literature, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.7 MB
more
Description:
As countries seek to fulfil their
responsibilities under the Paris
Agreement on Climate Change, many are
looking to develop national climate change
policies that set out their long-term vision
and provide a coherent response to climate
change across all levels and sectors.
The Government of Myanmar, having
previously sought IIED’s support to
develop a climate change strategy and
action plan, invited IIED to provide
technical expertise to develop a national
policy. Working with The Myanmar
Climate Change Alliance — an EU-funded,
government-led partnership involving
national government, local authorities,
development partners, civil society and
the private sector, implemented by UN
Environment and UN-Habitat — three
members of IIED’s global climate law,
policy and governance team travelled to
Myanmar in December 2016.
Extensive consultations had already
taken place to develop the national
climate change strategy and action plan,
so government officials had already
considered many of the issues and
identified priorities. Parallel work on a
National Environmental Policy and a
National Urban Policy provided
opportunities to coordinate and
harmonise efforts.
Some of the approaches used and lessons
from the project are highlighted below.
Consultation, consultation,
consultation
The initial December visit allowed the
team to understand the priorities and
expectations of different parts of the
government. This provided the basis for a
draft outline for the policy, which was
refined and developed through an
iterative process of consultation, review
and comment.
The team made a second visit in February
2017 when they presented a fleshed-out
version of the draft at a full-day workshop
with the Minister of Natural Resources
and Environmental Conservation,
regional ministers and officials, and
representatives from government partner
agencies, civil society and the media,
ensuring input from different sectors.
The team was particularly keen to
consult with government officials at the
regional level and received support from
the Director General of the
Environmental Conservation
Department to do this. Regional officials
would be responsible for much of the
policy implementation and would also
understand the realities on the ground.
This resulted in a more informed
approach for the team and helped ensure
understanding and support for the policy
at regional level. Following further review and comment,
the full policy text was presented at a
validation workshop with ministers and
other stakeholders in April 2017..."
Source/publisher:
iied
Date of publication:
2018-04-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change policy - global ( statements, studies, conferences etc.), The impact of climate change on the environment of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
160.47 KB
more
Description:
"Pinsalu Island, Myanmar – Eight years after experiencing the devastating Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar’s worst natural disaster to date in the country, rural communities, especially women, in the Ayeyarwady River Delta, live in constant dread of another monster sea storm.
Although better prepared with improved early warning systems and ready to quickly pack essentials before taking refuge in the village cyclone shelters with their families, the women of Pinsalu in Labutta district in the Delta face a higher risk to their lives during a natural disaster and are more exposed to the growing ravages of climate change. In case of emergency, the women have to take care of the children, sick and elderly at home as the men are often away at work on the farms or fishing in the river.
During community consultations for a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) climate change gender vulnerability assessment, the women of Pinsalu and Labutta villages which were worst affected by the May 2008 Cyclone Nargis, said they need to be better prepared for natural disasters as they are primarily responsible for the safety of vulnerable family members. They are trying to procure lifejackets and supplies of safe drinking water, food, medicine and electric lights.
They also need to improve their preparedness to cope with the worsening impact of the changing climate on their daily lives. Although women are actively engaged in farming and fisheries, their role in these main livelihood sectors is still not recognized and, as a result, they are often excluded from government-run climate change adaptation training for farmers and fishers.
The findings of the UNEP gender assessment, underscore how climate change is affecting rural women and men in Myanmar, especially in a country where 15.1 per cent of agricultural landowning households are headed by women.
The women of Labutta lack access to information and other resources needed to adapt to the changing climate. As a result, these women who play pivotal social and economic roles in their communities and often are breadwinners, are the most vulnerable. Over the past decade in Pinsalu, where the main source of livelihoods is fishing, the fish catch has been reduced dramatically because of rising temperatures and damage to mangroves..."
Source/publisher:
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
Date of publication:
2016-10-05
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), The impact of natural disasters on the environment and people of Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Eight years after experiencing the devastating Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar’s worst natural disaster to date in the country, rural communities, especially women, in the Ayeyarwady River Delta, live in constant dread of another monster sea storm.
Although better prepared with improved early warning systems and ready to quickly pack essentials before taking refuge in the village cyclone shelters with their families, the women of Pinsalu in Labutta district in the Delta face a higher risk to their lives during a natural disaster and are more exposed to the growing ravages of climate change. In case of emergency, the women have to take care of the children, sick and elderly at home as the men are often away at work on the farms or fishing in the river.
During community consultations for a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) climate change gender vulnerability assessment, the women of Pinsalu and Labutta villages which were worst affected by the May 2008 Cyclone Nargis, said they need to be better prepared for natural disasters as they are primarily responsible for the safety of vulnerable family members. They are trying to procure lifejackets and supplies of safe drinking water, food, medicine and electric lights.
They also need to improve their preparedness to cope with the worsening impact of the changing climate on their daily lives. Although women are actively engaged in farming and fisheries, their role in these main livelihood sectors is still not recognized and, as a result, they are often excluded from government-run climate change adaptation training for farmers and fishers.
The findings of the UNEP gender assessment, underscore how climate change is affecting rural women and men in Myanmar, especially in a country where 15.1 per cent of agricultural landowning households are headed by women.
The women of Labutta lack access to information and other resources needed to adapt to the changing climate. As a result, these women who play pivotal social and economic roles in their communities and often are breadwinners, are the most vulnerable. Over the past decade in Pinsalu, where the main source of livelihoods is fishing, the fish catch has been reduced dramatically because of rising temperatures and damage to mangroves.
In the village of Kyauk Hmaw, river bank erosion damages roads, houses and the rice that is stored by the river side, while floods are harming the paddy crop. During heavy rains and floods, women cannot travel to Labutta to sell their crop, fish catch and home-made snacks.
On the other hand, erratic rainfall in Bit Tut village sometimes destroys the once-in-a-year rice harvest. Salt water intrusion in the coastal villages has increased salinity in drinking water with severe health implications, especially for pregnant women..."
Source/publisher:
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
Date of publication:
2016-08-23
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Policies and projects, The impact of climate change on the environment of Burma/Myanmar, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, which means we need to figure out how to deal with severe tsunamis and storms when they become the norm. How can human lives be saved in places where the roads are washed out and driving is impossible? Is there some kind of technology that might help?
Geographer Jacob Shell has an idea that involves employing an old and wise friend of humanity. In his upcoming book Giants of the Monsoon Forest—an ode to elephant intelligence and a history of their working relations with people in Asia—Shell suggests that training these smart creatures to be rescue workers would not only save human lives, but also ensure that the threatened animal survives.
Asian elephants are the world’s second largest land species, surpassed in size only by their own kind in Africa. Although both continents are home to these giant creatures, the animals’ fate differs drastically from one place to another..."
Ephrat Livni
Source/publisher:
Quartz
Date of publication:
2019-05-12
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Myanmar’s national government and some international development groups are adopting different but complementary approaches to tackling what many in the country consider to be one of the biggest threats to achieving sustainable development: Climate change. Government officials are working on implementing a new country-wide climate action plan, while several foreign aid groups are going straight to local communities and helping them adapt to the realities of a warming world.
They face large hurdles, however — and many stakeholders fear the impact of Myanmar’s lack of resources, capacity and funds to deal with the devastating effects of climate change.
Admittedly, the Southeast Asian country is only starting to prioritize climate action after emerging from decades of self-imposed isolation. Yet if efforts currently being spearheaded by government officials, United Nations workers, aid groups and others prove effective, Myanmar could herald a model for other countries emerging from authoritarianism to grapple with climate change issues..."
Fatima Arkin
Source/publisher:
devex
Date of publication:
2017-04-06
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Nay Pyi Taw, 10 May 2019 – A new initiative will introduce sustainable rice-growing practices to farmers across Myanmar, with the goal of reducing vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters, project partners announced today.
The Climate Smart Rice Project will introduce sustainable standards and best practices to 4,000 smallholder farmers around Mandalay, southern Shan, Mon and Bago over the coming three years, working closely with the Government of Myanmar and the agri-business sector.
The project is funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) and the Swiss Agency for Development (SDC) and implemented by a consortium of partners including UN Environment, the Sustainable Rice Platform, Helvetas Myanmar and PRIME Agri Group.
The Government of Myanmar has previously announced its intention to boost sustainable rice production in order to both satisfy domestic demand and turn the country into a sustainable rice exporter. This project is fully aligned to the government’s policies and has been endorsed by the Parliamentary Committee for Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development.
Rice production in Myanmar faces several challenges, including the rice sector’s vulnerability to climate change impacts like higher temperatures, drought, flooding and other stresses. The sector is also challenged by its demand for water, land, fertilizer and pesticides and its own environmental impact, including a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions..."
Source/publisher:
reliefweb
Date of publication:
2019-05-10
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-12
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms, Sustainable agriculture - Burma/Myanmar, Smallholder farming and farmers in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format :
pdf
Size:
230.99 KB
Local URL:
more
Description:
A severe global climate forecast has Myanmar facing a potentially dire future: a dramatic five-degree temperature increase by the end of the century, earthquakes, flooding and mass in-migration to cities.
YANGON: Nothing is normal these days when it comes to Myanmar’s weather.
In Yangon, residents talk about a time when they used to wear sweaters or scarves in the colder months, when the early morning was crisp and people would exercise to stay warm.
Not anymore.
Yet, this rise in temperature is just a small indicator of the unparalleled challenges facing the country’s largest city.
Jack Board
Source/publisher:
Channel News Asia (CNA)
Date of publication:
2017-04-05
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"The Global Climate Risk Index 2019 analyses to what extent countries and regions have been affected by impacts of weather-related loss events (storms, floods, heat waves etc.). The most recent data available — for 2017 and from 1998 to 2017 — were taken into account.
The countries and territories affected most in 2017 were Puerto Rico, Sri Lanka as well as Dominica. For the period from 1998 to 2017 Puerto Rico, Honduras and Myanmar rank highest.
This year's 14th edition of the analysis reconfirms earlier results of the Climate Risk Index: less developed countries are generally more affected than industrialised countries. Regarding future climate change, the Climate Risk Index may serve as a red flag for already existing vulnerability that may further increase in regions where extreme events will become more frequent or more severe due to climate change. But the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season also proved: High income countries feel climate impacts more clearly than ever before. Effective climate change mitigation is therefore in the self-interest of all countries worldwide.
At this year’s Climate Summit in Katowice (COP24), countries should adopt the 'rulebook' needed for implementing the Paris Agreement, including the global adaptation goal and adaptation communication guidelines. Loss and damage appears as a cross-cutting issue with significant risk of being used as a negotiation chip..."
Source/publisher:
reliefweb
Date of publication:
2018-12-05
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.31 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Since 2013, SEI has engaged with Myanmar partners and
stakeholders to support sustainable development through
evdence-based participatory planning processes in the
Ayeyarwady and Chindwin River Basins.
SEI’s Environmental Strategy for Myanmar lays the groundwork
for a new chapter of work to build on our achievements and
lessons learned in Myanmar. The Strategy will guide our
research, policy development and capacity development
collaborations on environment and development in Myanmar
for the next 10 years (2019-2028) as we continue our mission to
support science-based decision-making towards a transforma
-
tive change for an environmentally sound and socially equitable
Myanmar.
This Strategy recognizes that innovation, adaptation, resilience
and long-term partnerships are key to our future success. Thus,
this is a living document, subject to revision and refinement
that will ensure our gains and success are both adaptable and
sustainable. A comprehensive impact assessment and review will
be performed every three years, in 2022, 2025 and 2028, through
application of SEI’s monitoring, evaluation and learning system
to evaluate our progress in delivering benefits at scale and in
recognizing lessons to be drawn upon in the future..."
Source/publisher:
Stockholm Environment Institute
Date of publication:
2019-05-06
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Myanmar climate change networks, The impact of climate change on the environment of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
378.78 KB
more
Description:
''Using Vietnam as a case study, in 2016, reduced rainfall as a result of intensified La Niña conditions, induced by climate change, caused 2,000,000 people to experience water insecurity, with 600,000 hectares of crops being affected and damaged, triggering a humanitarian crisis. Conditions like these were mirrored in neighbouring Asian nations, including Thailand, Myanmar, India (where an estimated 300 million people were affected), and other highly-populated regions...''
Laura O’Connor
Source/publisher:
UN CC:Learn
Date of publication:
2018-10-25
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
''A Department of Meteorology and Hydrology official last week attributed the unusually heavy mid-monsoon in Myanmar’s delta and coastal areas to the effects of climate change.
The official described the 2012 monsoon as “extreme” – lower Myanmar has received above-average rain, while falls in the central areas have been sparse – and said rainfall patterns had been significantly different than the 30-year average from 1961 to 1990.
“Myanmar averaged rainfall from one inch to three inches a day in the mid-monsoon season of July and August over that 30-year period. That regular monsoon distribution was advantageous for sectors such as agriculture and transportation. But we observed that in the last 10 years, daily rainfall in the mid-monsoon has increased to five or even six inches,” he said.
“Since the end of July, we have measured five to seven inches of daily rainfall in some areas of lower Myanmar. Over the past 10 years, there have also been days where we measured no rain in the mid-monsoon season.
“Either extreme – excessive rain or not enough rain – is a problem for the agriculture sector. Excess rain results in flooding in the paddy fields and on roads. This impacts on the economy and society more broadly.”
While some parts of the country, particularly Ayeyarwady and Bago regions and Kayin State, have experienced flooding this year, the central areas are in drought, he said...''
Aye Sapay Phyu
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Times
Date of publication:
2012-08-20
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Glacier reduction - Impact on water supply, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Myanmar climate change networks
Language:
English
more
Description:
''Sixty-one-year-old Daw Myint Shwe has had to move her house in Thingangyin village in Ayeyarwady Region four times.
“When the waves start lapping at the base of my house, it has to be moved. I move it a hundred feet or so back at a time. I can’t afford to build a new home so I just move it bit by bit. This year, three families had to move their houses – the year before it was twenty.”
She lives in a fishing village that’s part of the town of Labutta, which was one of the worst hit when Cyclone Nargis struck in 2008. She recalled the day that a group of politicians came to inspect the damage after the cyclone.
“It was high tide when they arrived so they could see how dangerously close our village is to the water. Erosion makes things worse – it’s why I have to keep moving my home. The government provided rehabilitation funds and asked us to move to a new place. The local school was destroyed so a new one was built about a mile-and-a-half away. Some families moved to be close to it and the temporary shelter, but everyone returned within two years. Some stayed as little as a month. The problem was that the jobs are here, near the water, and transport from the new village to this village is difficult because there are no roads.”
She said that parents worry about their children’s safety when they travel to school when the area floods, but that out of economic necessity moving isn’t viable.
“I was born here and I love the river, and I depend on it too. We all do, because we fish for a living. In summer, the big-time fishermen go to the Bay of Bengal to catch the bigger fish. But life is very difficult,” she said.
Ma Sandar Aye, 39, is one of Daw Myint Shwe’s neighbours. She and her husband fish for a living, but are finding it increasingly difficult to make enough to get by on due to difficult weather conditions.
“We haven’t been able to fish for over a month because the winds are so strong. The winds were never as strong as this in the past. I don’t know when the weather will improve and my husband and I are starting to think about looking for different work because it’s become too hard to survive.”
She said that on a good day, she and her husband can earn K10,000 (US$7.35) but the average amount is K2,500...''
Jessica Mudditt
Source/publisher:
Mizzima
Date of publication:
2017-04-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Myanmar climate change networks, Glacier reduction - Impact on water supply
Language:
English
more
Description:
''I had persistently been writing about the causes of the climatic change and its impact and consequences on our planet: the environments, ecosystems, humans and other living things in general. However, I have never mentioned their impacts on Myanmar in particular, until lately. In my previous article "The climate change is becoming more pronounced" (25 May GNLM), on the suggestion of the Acting Chief Editor of the Global New Light of Myanmar daily, I briefly touched on that subject. That idea intrigued me to further write in more detail along that trend.
In doing so, I'll have to rely on the observations made by the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA). This organization was launched in 2013 with the support of the Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) and is being implemented by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment).
From the observations made on the past, the on-going and future climate changes will have many consequences in Myanmar, mainly on the economic, productive, social and environmental sectors. For instance, the increased temperatures is having a large impact on sectors such as agriculture; for example in the Dry Zone. Many people have been forced to migrate and find new sources of income as a result of changing rainfall patterns and pest infestations. The MCCA Programme studied the perception of these hazards in five states and regions, based on data from 23 townships. More precisely, if their projections for climate change are correct, the following impacts are either already happening or foreseeable: ...''
Khin Maung Myint
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal via The Global New Light Of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2018-06-07
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Myanmar climate change networks, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research
Language:
English
more
Description:
''Another day, another extreme weather event disrupting life on our planet.
Torrential rains associated with Myanmar’s monsoon season have wrought havoc. Floods have killed at least 11 people and forced the evacuation of more than 119,000 throughout the country on Monday, reports Reuters. Three of the deceased include soldiers who were helping with relief efforts. Another three civilians drowned in the state of Mon on the southern coast. At the Zaung Tu Dam, 7.79 inches of rain fell on Wednesday last week, setting a new daily record.
The monsoon rains—which generally run through October—help feed crops, but this year, they’ve already taken way too many lives. Flood warnings came after floods had already inundated entire neighborhoods during the most recent events, reports the New York Times. That may have played a role in the deadly nature of these rains. Deforestation could have as well according to some environmentalists who spoke with the Times. Groups also blamed deadly floods in 2015 on deforestation.
Many of the rivers in Myanmar remain above their danger levels as of Monday, according to the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.
In June, landslides and severe rains officially left nearly 20 dead in Myanmar (though local politicians and survivors say the number is likely higher). They also displaced more than a million people. The United Nations in Myanmar issued a statement Saturday that it is planning to offer any support possible to flood victims...''
Yessenia Funes
Source/publisher:
EARTHER
Date of publication:
2018-07-30
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Myanmar climate change networks, Glacier reduction - Impact on water supply
Language:
English
more
Description:
Myanmar is situated in the tropical climate region, a region that is highly vulnerable to impacts
from climate change. Therefore, information about climate change in Myanmar is in high
demand. In this report, changing of various observed climate parameters were estimated and
analyzed. New normal values for minimum and maximum temperature and rainfall, as well as
for monsoon onset and withdrawal dates, were calculated for the period 1981-2010. Normal
monthly mean temperature and rainfall values for the whole country of Myanmar were
calculated for the new normal period and compared to values of the previous normal period
1961-1990. Frequency of days for different ranges of temperature and rainfall were computed,
in addition to frequency of 10 years wind direction and wind speed. Trends of minimum and
maximum temperature were also calculated and analyzed.
From 1961-1990 to 1981-2010, the maximum temperature has increased at almost every
station of Myanmar, whereas the minimum temperature has decreased at most of the stations.
The average normal maximum temperature for the whole country of Myanmar has increased
for all months, except February and December. The normal annual mean maximum
temperature increased by 0.5 °C from 1961-1990 to 1981-2010. The average normal minimum
temperature of Myanmar has decreased for the months January-May and SeptemberDecember, while it has not changed significantly for the months June-August.
The normal rainfall pattern has decreased for the months May-August, for the other months it
has not changed significantly. In the pre-monsoon and mid-monsoon seasons, the amount of
rainfall has decreased over the whole country, while it has been unchanged in the months of
winter and post-monsoon seasons over Myanmar, from 1961-1990 to 1981-2010. In the new
normal period, the onset date of the monsoon is later and the withdrawal date is earlier than in
the old normal period, which means that the duration of the rainy season has decreased. The
normal duration of the monsoon period was 144 days in the period 1961-1990 and 121 days in
the period of 1981-2010. Compared to the new normal (1981 to 2010) duration of monsoon
period, trend studies indicate however a possible increase in the duration of the rainy season in
the recent years, and more studies of long-term rainfall trends are needed...''
Lai Lai Aung, Ei Ei Zin, Pwint Theingi, Naw Elvera, Phyu Phyu Aung, Thu Thu Han, Yamin Oo, Reidun Gangstø Skaland
Source/publisher:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Date of publication:
2017-09-14
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.59 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
''The asian southwest monsoon over India and SE-asia is among the most impressive weather systems on earth. The summer monsoon brings 80% of the subcontinents rainfall and its arrival is of critical importance to over a billion people. The neighbouring countries India and Myanmar are similarly affected by the rains; and their mountain ranges play a critical role in the huge amounts of rain the two countries recieve.
Myanmar has a typical tropical monsoon climate with three seasons: the hot period, the monsoon and the cool and dry winter. The hot season starts somewhere in March and lasts till May; the rainy season starts around the end of May and ends in October; and the cool, dry season stretches from November to March.
The monsoon weather you will encounter all depends where you are going, as Myanmar has some of the wettest areas on earth but also some much drier zones. The coastal zones and beaches all just happen to bear the brunt of the monsoon rains, for reasons explaned below. It can be an occasional monsoon shower, but also flooding and torrential rain. A bit of rain in a tropical climate is not so bad, it brings some well needed cool wind and fresh air along!...''
Source/publisher:
Altervista
Date of publication:
2018-07-09
Date of entry/update:
2019-04-20
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
''mitv - Climate Change: Impact In Myanmar..''
Prof. Khin Maung Cho, Aye Lwin
Source/publisher:
mitv - Myanmar International
Date of publication:
2014-05-05
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Smallholder farming and farmers in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - governmental and inter-governmental bodies, treaties, meetings, reports, commentaries
Language:
English
more
Description:
''ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှုနဲ့ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ
~~~~~
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံဟာ ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှုဒဏ်ကို အဆိုးဆုံး ခံစားရမယ့် နိုင်ငံတွေစာရင်းထဲမှာ ပါဝင်နေကြောင်း မကြာသေးခင်က ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ ပဲရစ်မြို့မှာ ကျင်းပခဲ့တဲ့ ရာသီဥတု ပြောင်းလဲခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ ကုလသမဂ္ဂ ညီလာခံကနေ ထုတ်ဖော်ကြေညာခဲ့ပါတယ်။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံဟာ ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲခြင်း အကျိုးဆက်တွေကို ဘယ်လိုပုံစံနဲ့ ဘယ်လောက်အထိ ခံစားနေရသလဲဆိုတာနဲ့ ပတ်သက်ပြီး ပညာရှင်တွေရဲ့အမြင်တွေကို RFA သတင်းထောက် ကိုမျိုးဇော်ကိုက စုစည်းတင်ပြထားပါတယ်။...''
Dr. Tun Lwin, Daw Daywi Thant Zin, U Win Myo Thu
Source/publisher:
RFA Burmese
Date of publication:
2016-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms, Climate Change policy - global ( statements, studies, conferences etc.)
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
''One of Myanmar's most important lakes and cultural sites is under assault from development and climate change. One man is trying to turn things around. Listen to the radio story: https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-03-10/myanmars-inle-lake-just-one-small-body-water-man-dedicating-his-life-saving-it ...''
Katie Arnold
Date of publication:
2017-03-11
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Fisheries (including aquaculture and fishing)
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
''Climate change is everywhere and is having an obvious impact on all of us, whether we live in a hilly region or in a river valley or nearby the sea. However, climate-change victims are mostly in Third World countries. The reasons may be clear or not so clear, depending on one’s perspective. One thing is clear – we all are responsible for the outcome of climate change.
Carbon-containing greenhouse gases may be one of the culprits. Depleting forests and trees might be another. Depending more and more on irreplaceable fuels is definitely another. Sustainable energy sources are likely to be one of the solutions.
It is bizarre to note that climate change started with the beginning of the formation of this world with the process of the glaciations 2.3 billion years ago, triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, which depleted the atmosphere of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and introduced free oxygen. Over millions of years, the process of change went on and on and on...''
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Times
Date of publication:
2018-06-22
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
''The Myanmar Climate Change Strategy & Action Plan (MCCSAP) 2017-2030 presents a roadmap to guide Myanmar’s strategic responses to address climate related risks and opportunities over the next 15 years and beyond. The Strategy and Action Plan aims to support key actors in their decision making at the national and local level to respond to the challenges and opportunities associated with climate change.
The Strategy outlines a vision, goal and objectives to guide a transition to a climate resilient and low carbon development pathway that will deliver inclusive economic and social development. It identifies priority actions in key development sectors to build the adaptive capacity of communities and sectors and to promote low carbon development. The Strategy also outlines an implementation framework to coordinate and implement climate resilient and low carbon development initiatives...''
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA)
Date of publication:
2018-03-31
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
''World leaders are gathering in Poland for the COP24 summit. They'll be discussing ways to implementing the historic Paris Accords and continue to reduce global warming and cut emissions. It may be a long way from where the conference is being held in Poland, but Myanmar is a country where climate change is having a dramatic effect on the local population. Nick Davies-Jones has more...''
Johan Rockstrom, Naing Lin Tun, U Win
Source/publisher:
TRT World
Date of publication:
2018-12-03
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms, Climate Change - climate education, introductions, films, guides, links, bibliographies
Language:
English
more
Description:
''Myanmar is one of the nations in the world most vulnerable to extreme weather and losses linked to climate change, according to the Global Climate Risk Index 2018.
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Suu Kyi, U Win
Source/publisher:
Radio Free Asia (RFA)
Date of publication:
2018-12-04
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - climate education, introductions, films, guides, links, bibliographies, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
''Around Southeast Asia, the impacts of climate change are becoming increasing apparent. Mean temperatures are increasing. Sea levels are rising. Monsoon rains are no longer arriving like clockwork. Rainfall is either too much or not enough.
Close to the land, rural communities are attuned to the changes. Yet they are often not equipped to adapt. As a consequence, already poor farmers across the region are struggling to make ends meet. Climate change is expected to exacerbate families’ hardship.
To build the resilience of people living in what is now known as the “Dry Zone”, the Myanmar Government– with support from the Adaptation Fund and the UN Development Programme — is carrying out a programme of action to provide vulnerable farmers with the resources, knowledge and tools they need to support good harvests, despite changing weather patterns.
Three years into the project (2015-2018), the initiative is bearing results. Read 'Running Dry: A window into the Dry Zone of Myanmar' by Yusuke Taishi...''
Yusuke Taishi
Source/publisher:
UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
Date of publication:
2018-02-26
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
''Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA) joined hand with Least Developed Countries’ Universities’ Consortium on Climate Change (LUCCC) to support Myanmar kickstart the process of integrating climate change into the university curriculum. LUCCC was conceptualized during the conference of the Parties (COP22) in Marrakech, Morocco and formally launched in June 2017 to strengthen capacity of universities on climate change subjects in Least Developed Countries and promote South-South collaboration for enhancing capacity and expertise in climate change. Least Developed Countries may not be the main contributor to carbon emissions but they are without doubt facing the biggest threat from climate change impacts thus need to build resilient societies and undertake adaptation and mitigation measures to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. Professors and experts from universities in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Uganda (members of LUCCC) are participating in the event to share their experiences and guide Myanmar to further take relevant actions...''
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA)
Date of publication:
2018-08-30
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-26
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - climate education, introductions, films, guides, links, bibliographies, Myanmar climate change networks
Language:
English
more
Description:
''Globally, three times as many people are now displaced annually because of extreme weather events and climate change than those displaced due to conflict. The vast majority of those displaced live in developing countries, 81% of whom reside in Asia. The planned relocation of communities from their homes and lands necessitated by the effects of extreme weather events and climate change is becoming one of the greatest threats to the enjoyment of human rights and to broader concerns of peace and security.
This is especially so in Myanmar. The country is ranked second out of 187 countries in the Global Climate Risk Index for vulnerability to climatic natural disasters, and the country remains worryingly unprepared for dealing with natural disasters. This will be only further compounded by the large-scale displacement of populations likely due to climate change impacts such as rising sea levels, coastal erosion, and temporary or permanent inundation. Millions of people may be forced to flee their homes and lands along the country’s 2000km coastline, adding to the tragic legacy of displacement in the country...''
Scott Leckie
Source/publisher:
Open Global Rights
Date of publication:
2018-06-26
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-08
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Policies and projects, Sea-level rise, Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
''The government of Myanmar has officially committed itself to respecting these rights. The most
well-known international human rights document, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights
(UDHR, 1948), applies to every country and includes the first-ever mention in a global document
of the ‘right to adequate housing’ in its Article 25(1). The Declaration creates obligations for the
government of Myanmar.
Additionally, in October 2017, the Myanmar government committed to the International Covenant
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (1966). Article 11(1) of s and commits all
government authorities – at the Union, state and local levels – to comply with its terms.
In 1991, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights adopted ‘General Comment
No. 4 on the Right to Adequate Housing’ which interprets Article 11(1) of the ICESCR. It lists the
following seven components form the core contents of the human right to adequate housing:
(a) legal security of tenure; (b) availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure; (c)
location; (d) habitability; (e) affordability; (f) accessibility; and (g) cultural adequacy. If you do not
have any of these guarantees in place, your right to adequate housing is not yet in place.
Everyone in the country, therefore, can legally demand that their HLP rights guaranteed by the
UDHR, the ICESCR and other treaties that create additional rights, are fully complied with by
all public officials in Myanmar, and that new national laws recognising these are put in place
as promised...''
Source/publisher:
Displacement Solutions
Date of publication:
2018-11-15
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Law and policy on land in Burma/Myanmar, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.25 MB
more
Description:
"In the coastal town of Khindan, the catastrophic effect of rising sea levels is all too apparent...Worldwide, Myanmar is the second most vulnerable country to extreme weather events. The effects are widespread: in the dry zone, home to nearly a third of Myanmar’s total population, temperatures are projected to rise by up to 3C after 2040. In the Irrawaddy delta, in the south – where people are still rebuilding after the country’s worst natural disaster, Cyclone Nargis, which displaced 2.4 million people – the mid-level projection for sea-level rise is up to 40cm by 2050.
A sea level rise of roughly 13cm by 2020 may sound less alarming than the rate in the Republic of Kiribati, a group of Pacific islands that at risk of being totally erased this century. But climate consultant Sonia Leonard, who is working in Mon state with environmental organisation Alarm, points out that in low-lying floodplains where more than 140,000 people live, this increase will result in permanently flooded areas and a loss of productive agriculture land..."
Libby Hogan
Source/publisher:
"The Guardian"
Date of publication:
2018-11-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"ASEAN leaders must display stronger political will to find effective ways to mitigate the negative effects of climate change in the years and decades to come. Eventually, ASEAN must use its resources to ensure that all member countries can carry out climate-change policies that benefit the grouping.
These were the key conclusions reached during the two-day meeting that ended Tuesday on the role of ASEAN in climate change politics organised by the Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2017-06-21
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Since the December 2004 tsunami, there has been a mounting call for re-establishing protective greenbelts
along coastlines. Although the jury is still out on the extent to which mangroves mediate tsunami damage,
mangrove forests are proven effective barriers against tropical storms and strong wave action. How
effective depends on a number of factors, such as, the density, width, height, and complexity of the mangrove
forest, as well as the bathymetry of the coastline and other oceanographic factors. What is more
clearly understood is that mangroves provide many benefits to coastal populations in terms of economic
goods and ecological services, such as, fisheries production, medicinal use, wastewater treatment, provision
of building materials, bird and mammal habitat, eco-tourism value, etc. Mangrove forests are valuable
ecosystems which are currently extremely undervalued and they require long-term protection and
conservation.
Much of the post-tsunami effort to restore coastal greenbelts involved simple planting of mangrove seedlings
and propagules. Already, there have been numerous failures due to planting of inappropriate species,
in inappropriate locations, but in general failure occurs due to a lack of understanding of the restoration
site itself. What was its history? What mangroves grew there? Where did they grow? What were
their hydrological requirements? How deep was the substrate in which they grew? What were the fresh
water inputs to the area? Where did exchange of tidal and sea water take place? Contrary to popular belief
mangroves require some freshwater to grow well, and they are submerged only around 33% of the time.
Planting mangroves along an exposed coastline, in too deep water without fresh water input is a recipe for
failure..."
Alfredo Quarto
Source/publisher:
Mangrove Action Project (MAP)
Date of publication:
2007-02-15
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Mangrove swamps of Burma/Myanmar - general studies and articles
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.91 MB
more
Description:
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the government of Norway have joined in efforts to save one of the most scenic lakes in the country, Inle Lake in Shan State.
The lake, which is one of the favourite tourist destinations in the country is experiencing environmental degradation due to the combined effects of unsustainable resource use, increasing "population, climate change and rapid tourism development.
“The native flora and fauna are endangered by exotic invasive species and the water quality, which used to be safe for consumption, is now contaminated and a source of health problems for the locals,” the UNDP said in a statement.
The statement added the UNDP, in partnership with Norway, is supporting the Inle Lake Management Authority (ILMA) to address these adverse environmental, social and economic impacts by providing technical and financial assistance to further enhance the management of the Inle Lake watershed, as part of the project “Strengthening the Inle Lake Management Authority to Improve Conservation and Development”.
A project workshop was held in the Shan State capital of Taunggyi on October 29 to share the project design and planned activities, which were developed in discussion with government agencies and local community groups, with a broader group of stakeholders and to formally launch the project..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2018-11-06
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Annually, 3000 acres are being established by Forest Department.
Integrated Mangrove Management and Rehabilitation Project through community participation in Ayeyawady Delta, jointly implemented by Forest Department and JICA, is carried out. Cooperation and coordination with NGOs and INGOs are underway in cyclone hit areas. Mangrove forests in Tanintharyi Devision, especially on Lampi Island are intact and in good condition. They are the last natural mangrove of Myanmar. Mangrove trees with large dimension were observed. R.Mucronata and R. apiculata were observed as dominant species.
Asssociat spp. observed are C. targal, S. griffithii, S. alba, X. granatum, X. molusensis, A. officinalis, A. marina, A. alba, B. gymnorhiza, B. parviflora, B. cylindrica, A. rotundifolia..."
U Win Maung
Source/publisher:
Coastal Livelihood and Environmental Assets Restoration in Rakhine (CLEARR)
Date of publication:
2012-11-12
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
5.2 MB
more
Description:
"Climate Change Initiative in Myanmar..."
Dr. Tun Lwin, Win Myo Thu
Date of publication:
2015-07-04
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
"Hovering low over the ground and shooting mangrove seeds into the water, drones may become a common sight in Myanmar by the end of the year. It's part of a reforestation project that aims to restore a natural ecosystem that is beneficial to wildlife, the environment and the local population.
In the Irrawaddy Delta in the south of Myanmar, mangrove forests have been significantly depleted - often cut down so that people can use the area to plant rice, farm for prawns and collect palm oil. But mangroves have an important role to play in the ecosystem of the delta. As well as filtering the water, they also provide safe areas for fish and other marine life to live and grow, and capture large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. And they protect coastal communities from flooding too, by naturally stabilising shorelines. It's thought that the cyclone that hit Myanmar in 2008 would have caused far less damage and loss of life if the Delta hadn't lost half of its mangrove area.
People are aware that reforestation is needed, and moves have already been made to begin the process. Inhabitants of the Delta have so far planted 2.7 million mangrove trees by hand - an elaborate and time-consuming process..."
Source/publisher:
reliefweb
Date of publication:
2017-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Myanmar has a predominantly agricultural economy based on rice production, with 32% of the total rice area composed of unfavorable lowland areas. Salinity-affected rice-farming areas account for 2% of these unfavorable areas—almost 110,000 hectares—spread across different states and regions. The largest salinity-affected area is the Ayeyarwaddy Delta (59,818 ha), followed by Rakhine (28,600 ha), Taintharyi (7,573 ha), Yangon (7,346 ha), Mon (5,346 ha), and Mandalay (190 ha).
Since 2011, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), through the Consortium for Unfavorable Rice Environments (CURE), has been working with Myanmar’s Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) to develop suitable rice varieties for these challenging areas. Their fruitful collaboration has resulted in successfully developing and distributing to farmers seeds of three salinity-tolerant varieties—Sangnakhan Sin Thwe Latt, Pyi Myanmar Sein, and Shwe Asean.
Still, a team of researchers from IRRI and DAR continues to work hand in hand to identify new salinity-tolerant varieties and enhance rice production in the salinity-affected rice areas of Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Date of publication:
2016-09-09
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Rice
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Through a programme conducted by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), in collaboration with the Consortium for Unfavourable Rice Environments (CURE), these farmers also participated in selecting the best varieties for their fields while becoming aware of the sustainable adoption of improved varieties in stress-prone environments.
Myanmar has a predominantly agricultural economy based on rice production, with 32 per cent of the total rice area composed of unfavourable lowland areas. Salinity-affected rice-farming areas account for two per cent of these unfavourable areas—almost 110,000 ha—spread across..."
Source/publisher:
Far Eastern Agriculture
Date of publication:
2016-08-02
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main staple food in Myanmar. The area planted with rice in 2000-01 was 6.5 million hectares of total arable land area (9.55 million hectares) with the average yield of 3.2 metric tons per hectare. The area sown to monsoon rice and summer rice constituted 4.85 and 1.08 million hectares, respectively. Most of the rice growing areas are located in delta region (Ayeyawady division, Bago division, Yangon division, Mon state) and coastal region (Rakhine state, Taninthari division). The climatic condition of these areas is tropical wet due to monsoon from the Bay of Bengal. The major extension of rice cultivation took place mostly on that areas because their hydromorphic nature was exclusively suited for rice. The dependable monsoonal rains of that area, its warm and humid environmental offered an ideal environment for rice production. Most rice is grown where the soil is submerged during part or all of the growing cycle so that the major limiting factor in rice growing is water (IRRI, 1976).
One of the main rice production constraints is intrusion of sea water, especially in delta area. Marine salinity is confined to coastal region because of tidal regime. Often the mean tide level as well as the spring tide levels fluctuate seasonally. In delta area there are twice daily inundations of tidal flats that are normally occupied by mangroves. In most coastal and delta regions in Myanmar, spring tides are highest in summer season leading to strong seasonal salinization. The rice growing areas in these regions are not completely protected against periodic salt water intrusion even in rainy season..."
Ni Ni Tun, Burkhard Heiligtag, Andrea Kleeberg, Christian Richter
Source/publisher:
Land Use Division, Myanma Agriculture Service (MAS), Yangon, Myanmar University of Kassel, Institute of Crop Science (INK), Witzenhausen, Germany
Date of publication:
2018-05-12
Date of entry/update:
2018-12-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
161.88 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"Globally three times as many people are now displaced annually because of extreme weather
events and climate change than those displaced due to conflict, with the vast majority of those
displaced living in developing countries, 81% of whom reside in Asia.
The movement and planned
relocation of people and communities from their homes and lands necessitated by the effects
of extreme weather events and climate change is rapidly becoming one of the greatest threats
to the enjoyment of human rights and to broader concerns of peace and security in Myanmar.
Climate displacement from both extreme weather events and climate change are set to pose
a particularly dramatic challenge for the people and government of Myanmar. According to
one survey, the country is currently ranked second out of 187 countries in the Global Climate
Risk Index for vulnerability to climatic natural disasters. Still reeling from the effects of Cyclone
Nargis in 2008, a decade on the country remains worryingly unprepared for dealing with
natural disasters and this will be only further compounded when considering the large-scale
displacement of populations which may occur as a result of climate change impacts such as
rising sea levels, coastal erosion and temporary or permanent inundation.
A recent report has
predicted that sea level in Myanmar will rise by up to 50cm by 2050.3
Apart from some low-lying
areas being permanently inundated, sea level rise will also affect season coastal flooding and
storm surge intensity during cyclones and tropical storms. Additionally, rising salinity levels, salt
water intrusion and ocean acidification will bring additional pressures to livelihood viability of
local communities living in these effected coastal regions.
Given the scale of the crisis affecting Myanmar, the government needs to develop pro-active,
appropriate preventative policies and capacities to specifically respond to climate displacement
threats from both extreme weather events and future climate change If not, millions of people
may be forced to flee their homes and lands along the country?s 2000km coastline. This
potential displacement catastrophe is only further compounded when populations living along
the country?s many rivers and waterways are impacted as floodplains become increasingly
uninhabitable, adding to the massive displacement that has already taken place due to decades
of conflict and disaster. While it is clear that millions will be affected by climate change in the
decades to come, there has been virtually no vulnerability mapping or planning in Myanmar to
identify at risk communities from climate displacement, nor assessments of potential locations
for resettlement. It is also not clear which, if any, targeted institutions, policies or programmes are
in place to support these communities."
Source/publisher:
Displacement Solutions, Ecodev
Date of publication:
2018-05-23
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Sea-level rise, Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.75 MB
more
Description:
"In Myanmar, the observed evidence of change over the last 60 years includes a nationwide increase in temperature of on average around 0.08°C per decade and an increase in total rainfall (29-215 millimetres per decade). Importantly, changes in the duration of the monsoon season have been observed as well as the recurrence and severity of extreme weather events (NAPA 2012)..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
Date of publication:
2015-08-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-05-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
more
Description:
"Myanmar is highly vulnerable to climate change: according to some studies, even to the point as 2nd most vulnerable country in the world, in terms of vulnerability from extreme weather events related to climate change, in the 1991-2013 period, as in the latest updates in the Global Risk Index confirm the country ranks in second place (Check the document here).
This is a serious threat to Myanmar?s sustainable development. Myanmar is committed to reduce its vulnerability and to play its role in the global community to combat climate change.
Myanmar?s wealth, economy, and society are defined by and highly dependent on its environment, natural resources, climatic conditions and the health of its eco-system. Also, because of its geographic location and geo-morphology, Myanmar is regularly exposed to a series of natural events with potentially negative impacts. These events may be exacerbated by the changing climate, which can also have an effect on, for instance, seasons and rain patterns, and consequently on agriculture, the availability and quality of the water resources, the bio-diversity or the eco-system as a whole..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
Date of publication:
2014-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-05-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
more
Description:
COUNTRY OVERVIEW
"Burma,
also
called
Myanmar,
is
a
mountainous country in
Southeast Asia
with an extensive coastline
and
an estimated
population of 51.4 million people.
The
country
is
inherently
prone to
extreme weather events, including
floods, cyclones
,
tsunami
s
, heavy monsoon
rains,
flood
s
,
storm surges
and
drought
.
For example, t
he
2008
Cy
clone Nargis resulted in
138,000 fatalities.
Climate change increases
the
frequency
and severity of extreme weather events
and poses new threats
from rising seas,
food and water insecuri
ty, and public health
outbreaks.
The majority of Burma?s
population
an
d principal
economic activities are concentrated in coastal and low
-
lying
zones vulnerable to sea level rise
and increased storm surge
.
For example, if sea level
were to
rise by a half meter, the
shoreline of the Ayeyarwad
d
y Delta
?
the country?s main rice
producer
?
would recede by 10
km
.
Burma?s economy,
largely
dependent
on natural resources (mining, forestry, fishing) and
rice production
,
would
also be at risk from higher temperatures and
increased
precipitation
variability
.
Afte
r
50
years
of
military rule
, Burma
transitioned to a civilian government in 2011 and
is at a historic stage in its
development
,
pursuing
p
olitical and econo
mic reforms. Climate change, compounded by high levels of
poverty, high exposure to
natural
hazards
,
and low capacity to respond
to those hazards
, could undermine
the country?s
development efforts and economic progress
if not addressed..."
Source/publisher:
USAID - Fact Sheet
Date of publication:
2017-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-05-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
more
Description:
"On 26 and 27 October 2017 the MCCA with Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MoNREC) conducted a very important workshop to mainstream climate change into sectoral action. It can be considered a milestone
The Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2030 (to be adopted soon) includes six sectoral outcomes ? or pillars ? to be achieved through six Sectoral Action Plans on: 1) Food Security; 2) Healthy Eco-System, 3) Sustainable and Resilient Transport, Industry and Energy; 4) Resilient Cities; 5) Health and DRR; 6) Education and Science..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
Date of publication:
2017-10-30
Date of entry/update:
2018-01-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
more
Description:
"This policy brief looks into climate risks to three
selected industries (agribusinesses, garment
industries, building businesses) in order to illustrate
potential impacts on and key vulnerabilities of
businesses in Myanmar, dominated by small and
medium enterprises.
Businesses and industries in Myanmar are already
facing enormous losses and damages associated
with climate change. In future, climate change will
likely cause huge production losses and physical
damages to farmers, agro-processing firms, retailers
and other agribusinesses. The garment industry will
face unreliable electricity supply, disruptions in all
transport modes, physical damages to assets, and
declining health and well-being of migrant workers.
Building industries and businesses will be challenged
by more frequent disruption of operations, as well
as losses associated with long-term consequences
of climate change on supply of materials, health of
workers, quality of construction works and market
demand.
•
To enhance the resilience of businesses and
industries, Myanmar should: enforce environmental
laws, regulations and safety standards legislation;
mainstream climate change considerations into
sectoral policies, labour health and safety standards,
and social protection programmes; and develop
tailored information services, stimulate research,
raise awareness, support capacity-building of
businesses, and improve early warning systems.
Public institutions should work with the private
sector to safeguard a resilient future of the nation and
communities, including by engaging private sector
actors in adaptation planning and implementation,
and promoting public-private partnerships..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
Date of publication:
2017-12-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-01-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
515.97 KB
more
Description:
"The agriculture sector (including livestock
and fisheries) constitutes about 28 per cent of
Myanmar?s gross domestic product and 61 per
cent of the total employment. Moreover, 70 per
cent of Myanmar?s population still lives in rural
areas and remains highly dependent on small-scale
agriculture (crops, livestock, fishing). Rural poor
suffer insufficient access to food and nutrition.
Climate change has already challenged the
agriculture sector in Myanmar by affecting rice
yields and livestock production, while disasters
such as floods and cyclones have caused massive
destruction in rural areas..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
Date of publication:
2017-10-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-01-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
760.15 KB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"How is Climate Change affecting Myanmar? What are ways to adapt to Climate Change? Watch and find the answers in the new MCCA documentary: ?Warmer Days: Myanmar in the Age of Climate Change?.
The video-documentary was produced by the Yangon Film School for MCCA and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation with the unbending support of the European Union..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
Date of publication:
2017-12-08
Date of entry/update:
2018-01-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
more
Description:
"...According to the 2016 Climate Risk Index, Myanmar is the second-most-vulnerable country in the world to the effects of climate change. Joern Kristensen, director of the Myanmar Institute for Integrated Development (MIID), has experienced firsthand how new weather patterns are putting farmers under stress. His organisation runs a climate adaptation project in the highland areas of Nyaungshwe and Kalaw in Shan State. ?What we can see there is, while precipitation has been more or less the same for the past 20 years, the rainy season has become shorter. Which means you have more rain over a shorter time and, subsequently, more flooding,” he said..."
Samuel Schlaefli
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2016-11-11
Date of entry/update:
2017-12-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
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Description:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"This brief aims to help decision-makers across sectors in Myanmar
incorporate climate change risks into planning and investment
decisions by summarising key messages from a detailed technical
analysis of climate change in Myanmar that is released alongside
this report."
Radley Horton, Manishka De Mel, Danielle Peters, Corey Lesk, Ryan Bartlett, Hanna Helsingen, Daniel Bader, Pasquale Capizzi, Shaun Martin, Cynthia Rosenzweig.
Source/publisher:
Center for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University, WWF-US and WWF-Myanmar, UN-Habitat Myanmar.
Date of publication:
2017-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2017-11-08
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
8.33 MB
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Description:
"Reshmi Banerjee gives an overview of climate change-related risks for Myanmar...According to the 2016 Climate Risk Index, Myanmar is the second most vulnerable country in the world to the effects of climate change. The intensity and regularity with which cyclones make landfall have increased with every year, with the delta region affected by tropical storms and the dry zone impacted by debilitating droughts. Researchers at the Centre for Climate System Research at Columbia University, in collaboration with the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, have stated that the county could see a rise in temperature by 1.3 and 2.7 degrees by the middle of the century along with increase in precipitation by 2%-12% in 2011-40, 6%-27% by 2041-70. This is evident from the 2010 severe drought, a year which saw temperatures rise up to 47.2 degrees Celsius, a sure sign of global warming hitting the country hard. Dry seasons have become longer with shorter rainy seasons, thus inviting hardships for people in the form of water shortages and flooding respectively..."
Reshmi Banerjee
Source/publisher:
teacircleoxford
Date of publication:
2017-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2017-09-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
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Description:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"Myanmar?s climate is projected to shift dramatically in the coming decades, having
a lasting and significant impact on Myanmar?s ecosystems and, in turn, on human
health, agriculture, food security, infrastructure, local livelihoods and the larger
economy. The climate risk information in this report, developed in collaboration
with the Department of Meteorology (DMH) and in consultation with other key
stakeholders, can aid adaptation and resilience planning across many sectors.
This report presents climate risk information including observed climate and future
projections of temperature, rainfall, sea level rise and various extreme events, and
outlines how this information can be used in decision-making. It also describes how
climate change will affect biodiversity and ecosystem services, coastal zones, health,
agriculture, infrastructure, water resources and urban areas. Finally, it documents
how climate risk information is being used by the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance
(MCCA) to support local ecosystem-based adaptation planning in the delta and Dry
Zone towns of Labutta and Pakkoku. It should be seen as a contribution to the broader
work on climate change and official projections on temperature and precipitation
being carried out by DMH and the Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning
System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) due to be released in the near future."
Radley Horton, Manishka De Mel, Danielle Peters, Corey Lesk, Ryan Bartlett, Hanna Helsingen, Daniel Bader, Pasquale Capizzi, Shaun Martin, Cynthia Rosenzweig
Source/publisher:
World Wildlife Fund, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Ministry of Transport, UN Habitat, Myanmar Climate Change Alliance, Center for Climate Systems Research
Date of publication:
2017-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2017-04-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
1.82 MB 4.35 MB
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Description:
"...Second-guessing global policy over the next few years while trying to figure out the best way to adapt new infrastructure may in any case be something of a fool?s errand. Instead, planners and investors could reduce risk, as well as reducing social impacts, through design, by fundamentally rethinking electricity systems around the technological and environmental conditions of the 21st century.
It is a golden opportunity for Myanmar, where so much electricity infrastructure is yet to be built. This is seemingly recognised in the National League for Democracy?s 2015 election manifesto.
Technologies and principles are already well understood and being applied in rich and poor countries worldwide. Energy efficiency, batteries, solar modules and wind turbines are less vulnerable to climate change impacts and policy than conventional alternatives. Costs for renewable-energy technologies are falling fast. Meanwhile, the avoided health and environmental impacts will ensure people in Myanmar are better off with renewables.
The key to luring investment is clear long-term policy. Get that right soon and whether or not a moratorium comes to pass Myanmar will be on the way to climate-resilient, accessible and affordable electricity."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar"
Date of publication:
2016-08-06
Date of entry/update:
2016-08-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Burma has been ranked by a German think tank as the second worst country with regards to the effects of climate change between 1994 and 2013.
The Global Climate Risk Index 2015, published by Germanwatch, listed Honduras as the country suffering most from the effects of extreme weather events in the 20-year period. Burma?s neighbours Bangladesh, Vietnam and Thailand were ranked as fourth, sixth and ninth worst affected, respectively.
Burmese weather expert Tun Lwin said, ?The index is based on not only the cost of life and property loss in natural disasters, but also on the [country?s] level of risk of natural disasters [occurring] as result of climate change and how well prepared this country is to deal with the disaster.”..."
TUN TUN THEIN
Source/publisher:
Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB)
Date of publication:
2015-06-15
Date of entry/update:
2015-06-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
Economy, Growth and Emissions: "Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area
in Southeast Asia. Burma?s diverse population has played a major role in
defining its
politics, history, and demographics in modern times. The military has dominated
government since General Ne Win led a coup in 1962 that toppled the civilian government
of U Nu. Burma remains under the tight control of the military-led State
Peace and
Development Council.
Burma is a resource-rich country.
During World War II, the British destroyed the major oil
wells,
and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese.
Under
British administration, Burma was the second
wealthiest country in
Southeast
Asia. It was the
world?s largest exporter of rice, and
also had a wealth of natural and labour resources. It
produced 75% of the world?s teak,
and had a highly literate population.
However,
since the
reformations of 1962,
the
Burmese economy
has become one of the least developed in the
world--suffering from decades of stagnation, mismanagement and isolation.
Now, the lack of
an educated workforce contributes to the growing problems of the economy.
Burma
lacks adequate infrastructure.
Energy shortages are common throughout the country,
including
in Yangon.
Railways are old and rudimentary, with few repairs since their
construction in the late 19th century. Highways are
typically
unpaved, except in the major
cities.
Burma?s GDP stands at $42.953
billion and
now
grows at an average rate of 2.9%
annually.TheEU,
United States
and
Canada, among others, have imposed economic sanctions
on Burma.
Burma is among the least emitting countries in the world, with
0.3 tCO2e per capita per year,
and total annual GHG emissions of 12 million tCO2--excluding any methane emissions from
agriculture, which has not been estimated (World Bank). In the
WRI
assessment, however,
Myanmar has been attributed annual GHG emissions
of 265 million tCO2e/year2, including all
greenhouse gasses. This indicated significant emissions from agriculture.
The growth in economy and emissions can be seen in
the
graphs below."
Source/publisher:
UNEP RIS?
Date of publication:
2013-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-06-12
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
982.42 KB
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Description:
INTRODUCTION: Myanmar Overview; Resources...SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK: National Plans; National Organisations...POLICY INSTRUMENTS IN
MYANMAR: Overview
of Policy Instruments; Policies and Initiatives; Building Rating System...BEST PRACTICE...APPENDIX 1:
WEBSITE LINKS
OF
THE
KEY
NATIONAL PLANS
AND
ORGANISATIONS IN
MYANMAR..,
APPENDIX 2:
WEBSITE
LINKS OF THE
KEY
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
POLICIES AND
INITIATIVES UNDER THE FOUR
CATEGORIES IN MYANMAR
Source/publisher:
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Date of publication:
2011-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-06-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
508.74 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
Summary:
"The Global Climate Risk Index 2013 analyses to
what extent countries have been affected
by the impacts of weather-related loss events
(storms, floods, heat waves etc.). The most
recent available data from 2011 as well as for the period 1992-2011 were taken into ac-
count.
Most affected countries in 2011 were Thailand, Cambodia, Pakistan, El Salvador and the
Philippines. For the period 1992 to 2011, Honduras, Myanmar and Nicaragua rank highest.
This year?s 8th edition of the an
alysis reconfirms that less developed countries are generally
more affected than industrialis
ed countries, according to the
Climate Risk Index. With re-
gard to future climate change, the Climate Ri
sk Index can serve as a warning signal indicat-
ing past vulnerability which may further increase in regions where extreme events will be-
come more frequent or more severe through climate change. While some vulnerable devel-
oping countries are frequently hit by extreme ev
ents, there are also some where such disas-
ters are a rarity..."
Sven Harmeling, David Eckstein
Source/publisher:
Germanwatch
Date of publication:
2012-11-00
Date of entry/update:
2013-05-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"RANGOON—As a water shortage hits several townships in Burma?s commercial capital and farmers nationwide anxiously await the upcoming rainy season, environmentalists are calling for more government support in the fight against climate change in this country of 60 million people.
While Burma?s nominally civilian government has earned international praise for its program of political and economic reforms after decades of military rule, environmentalists say climate change is a pressing issue that has been pushed to the back burner for too long by the nation?s leaders.
?The new government is trying to solve poverty and civil war, but unfortunately climate change has never been well acknowledged by our decision-makers,” meteorologist Dr. Tun Lwin said on Saturday in Rangoon at roundtable discussion about global warming in Burma, as temperatures in the country?s biggest city soared to 38 degrees Celsius..."
Kyaw Phyo Tha
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy"
Date of publication:
2013-05-06
Date of entry/update:
2013-05-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"An apocalyptic series of earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis and floods in the region has spooked everyone. Many people have turned to soothsayers and astrologers for advice about any impending natural disasters.
But rather than consult the Mayan calender or a fortune-teller, The Irrawaddy reporter Min Naing Thu interviewed Dr Tun Lwin, the former director-general of Burma?s Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH).
Since his resignation from the DMH in 2009, Tun Lwin has served as a technical adviser to the Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning System (RIMES) at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand. He also served as a consultant to the Myanmar Red Cross Society, CARE Myanmar, Action Aid Myanmar and Myanmar Egress?s Network Activities Group. He has also been involved with the International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM), Myanmar Egress, World Vision Myanmar, Global Green and other organizations, focusing primarily on climate change and how to minimize damage caused by natural disasters.
Tun Lwin posts many of his articles concerning meteorological issues on his website, Myanmar Climate Change Watch..."
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy"
Date of publication:
2011-03-28
Date of entry/update:
2011-03-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more
Description:
Burma is one of the countries worst affected by extreme weather resulting from climate change, according to a new report that assesses the impact of global warming over a period of nearly two decades.
Published by the Berlin-based climate watchdog Germanwatch on Tuesday, the report, the Global Climate Risk Index, says that Bangladesh, Burma and Honduras were the countries most affected by extreme weather events from 1990 to 2008.
The report was launched in the Danish capital of Copenhagen, where the United Nations Climate Change Conference is underway.
WAI MOE
Source/publisher:
The Irrawaddy
Date of publication:
2009-12-09
Date of entry/update:
2010-09-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general
Language:
English
more