Public Health
Websites/Multiple Documents
Description:
"...YANGON: More than a quarter of Myanmar's prison population is to be released, the president's office announced Friday, as calls grow to ease pressure on overcrowded jails with coronavirus fears gripping the country.The Southeast Asian nation grants an annual amnesty to thousands of prisoners to mark its April New Year holiday, but this is the largest ever recorded.It comes as governments around the world -- including the US, parts of Europe, and Colombia -- grapple with overcrowded prisons as fears spiral of virus outbreaks behind bars....So far Myanmar has officially confirmed 85 cases of Covid-19, including four deaths, but experts fear the real number is many times more due to the low numbers tested..."
Source/publisher:
Bangkok Post
Date of publication:
2020-04-17
Date of entry/update:
2020-04-18
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
COVID-19 (Coronavirus), Public Health
more
Description:
"....Responding to the failure to release prisoners of conscience and activists jailed solely for exercising their rights in Myanmar during a presidential amnesty of nearly 25,000 prisoners, Clare Algar, Amnesty International’s Senior Director for Research, Advocacy and Policy, said:....“It’s appalling that prisoners of conscience and peaceful activists were largely excluded from yesterday’s presidential amnesty. They should not be in prison in the first place and are victims of repression, harassment and arbitrary arrests by the Myanmar authorities, both the civilian-led government and the military..."
Source/publisher:
Amnesty International
Date of publication:
2020-04-18
Date of entry/update:
2020-04-19
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
COVID-19 (Coronavirus), Public Health
more
Description:
"From 1962 to date 2021, how many of our patients have died, hurt and suffered due to the military dictatorships?
Let’s make these dictatorships to extinct together even it means our career and lives are at risk!
Let’s rebuild our health system for healthier lives and better access to quality health care.....ဒီစနစ်ဆိုးတွေကြောင့် (၁၉၆၂ မှ ၂၀၂၁ ထိ ) ငါတို့လူနာတွေဘယ်လောက်တောင်သေခဲ့ကြပြီလဲ ? ဘယ်လောက်တောင်နာခဲ့ကြပြီလဲ ? ဘယ်လောက်တောင်ခံစားခဲ့ကြရပြီလဲ ?
ဒီအာဏာရှင်စနစ်ဆိုးတွေကို ဒို့မြန်မာပြည်မြေပေါ်မှာ နောင်ဘယ်တော့မှ လုံးဝ မရှိနိုင် မဖြစ်ပေါ်နိုင်အောင်....
ဒို့ခေတ် ဒို့ အချိန်မှာ ဒို့ဘဝ ဒို့အသက်တွေနဲ့ရင်းပြီး အပြီးတိုင်ချေမှုန်းကြစို့..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Health
Date of publication:
2021-05-31
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-31
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
more
Description:
"Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" (1920, C.E.A. Winslow).[1] It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). The dimensions of health can encompass "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", as defined by the United Nations? World Health Organization.[2] Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. Environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, insurance medicine and occupational health (respectively occupational medicine) are other important subfields..."
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2012-07-31
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Public Health
Language:
English
more
Description:
"About this blog:
This blog is jointly written by a group of Myanmar Public Health Professionals.
Our objectives are: To disseminate public health concepts and practices, To present contemporary international public health issues, To present and discuss public health problems of Myanmar "..." မျှဝေလိုသူများအတွက်
ဒီဘလော့ဂ်က စာရေးသူအများ စုပေါင်းရေးတဲ့ ဘလောဂ်ဖြစ်ပြီး ပို့စ်တွေကို ပြန်လည် ကူးယူဖေါ်ပြလိုပါက ဘလော့ဂ်လိပ်စာနဲ့ စာရေးသူ နာမည်ကို အညွန်းထည့်ပေးပြီး ဘယ်သူမဆို ပြန်လည်ကူးယူ ဖေါ်ပြနိုင်ပါတယ်။ ထပ်ဆင့်ပြန်ဖေါ်ပြသူအားလုံးကို ကျေးဇူးတင်ပါတယ်။
Blog Admins"
Source/publisher:
Public Health in Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2012-07-24
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Public Health, Burma/Myanmar Health blogs
Language:
Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Individual Documents
Description:
"Data collected by Insecurity Insight shows that since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 04 June 2026 at least 1,943 incidents of violence against or obstruction of access to health care took place across Myanmar:
equivalent to one attack on health care every day for more than five years
65% of these attacks were attributed to the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF)
175 health workers were killed and 932 arrested
health facilities were damaged on at least 509 occasions
So far this year, at least seven health workers were killed by explosive weapons. Five health workers were killed in three incidents involving MAF airstrikes: two occurred at prisoner-of-war detention facilities under the control of opposition forces in Rakhine and Yangon, while the third involved the bombing of a hospital located in areas under the control of the PDF in Sagaing. A further two health workers were killed in two separate roadside landmine explosions reportedly attributed to opposition forces in Bago and Magway regions.
View the incidents on our interactive map. Download the data. Updated every Monday and includes information on weapons use, perpetrators and effects. For data enquiries, please get in touch. Data is continuously updated and numbers may change if/ when further information is made available. See here for methodology..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-07-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
563.63 KB
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Description:
"Attacks on Health Care in Myanmar:
Insecurity Insight identified at least 1911 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Myanmar since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 30 March 2026. Over 70% of these incidents were attributed to the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and Myanmar police. Health facilities were reportedly damaged or destroyed 493 times, 174 health workers were killed and 909 arrested.
Since 2024, makeshift health facilities have been damaged or destroyed by MAF aircraft, drone, and artillery strikes on 27 occasions, nearly half of which occurred in Sagaing region. Over a quarter of these 27 incidents were recorded between January and March 2026. In one incident on 30 March, a makeshift hospital in Sagaing’s Monywa district, providing care to around 50 patients, was destroyed by bombs dropped by two Myanmar military fighter jets in the afternoon. At least seven people were killed, including three patients, and 20 were injured. The facility had been operated for two years by health workers affiliated with the civil disobedience movement, with support from the exiled government.
View the incidents on our interactive map. Download the data. Updated every Monday and includes information on weapons use, perpetrators and effects. For events descriptions and data enquiries, please get in touch. Numbers may change if or when further information is made available. See here for methodology.
The publicly reported incidents below are not a complete nor a representative list of all incidents that affected the provision of health care in Myanmar between 01-14 April 2026. The incidents have not been verified through ground investigations. There is a delay in reporting incidents due to our open source verification protocol.
02 April 2026: In Nyaung Pin Thar village, Monywa township, Monywa district, Sagaing region, a makeshift hospital and at least eight houses were damaged by at least 12 bombs dropped from six Myanmar military fighter jets. The hospital buildings, including an operation theatre, and equipment were damaged. Since early 2022, the hospital has been operated by CDM-affiliated health workers and with the support of the exiled government. Sources: Democratic Voice of Burma, Khit Thit Media, Mandalay Free Press and Myaelatt Athan
As reported on 06 April 2026: At the airport in Sittwe town, township and district, Rakhine state, medicines were reportedly confiscated from air travellers by the junta police. One- or two-month supplies of medicine items for personal use were also confiscated. There has been a shortage of medicine in Sittwe since the armed clashes started in this area. Source: Western News Agency
As reported on 06 April 2026: In Tigyaing town, Tigyaing township, Katha district, Sagaing region, a traditional medicine hospital was occupied by the Myanmar military. Source: Kachin News Group
11 April 2026: In Au Mi Hta village, Bu Tho township, Hpapun district, Kayin state, two buildings of a local hospital - funded by some aid organisations - were damaged by two bombs dropped by a Myanmar military fighter jet. One of the buildings was newly built as an outpatient department. Sources: Karen Peace Support Network, Khit Thit Media, and Salween Press
12 April 2026: In Ywar Thit village, Myingyan township, Myingyan district, Mandalay region, a makeshift hospital was damaged by a drop-bomb attack by the Myanmar military, using armed drones. On the same day, the hospital building and almost all other houses in the village were torched by the Myanmar military**. Source:** Khit Thit Media..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
696.92 KB
more
Description:
"Overview
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 24, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.
Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide. The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints. 4Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the December 10 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid. Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta has cancelled voting in thousands of wards where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denies responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations warn the pre-election environment is driving further escalation rather than de-escalation..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (54 pages)
Size:
2.85 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Overview:
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 21, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.....
Summary:
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support....
Key Insights:
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime.
Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints. Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the December 10 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid.
Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta has cancelled voting in thousands of wards where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denies responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations warn the pre-election environment is driving further escalation rather than de-escalation..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-21
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (55 pages)
Size:
2.84 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Overview
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 13, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.
Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide. The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints.
Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the December 10 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid.
Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta has cancelled voting in thousands of wards where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denies responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations warn the pre-election environment is driving further escalation rather than de-escalation..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-13
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.84 MB
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Description:
"Overview
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 7, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.
Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-07
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.9 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
"Highlights:
One year on from the devastating earthquake that hit Sagaing on 28 March 2025, an estimated 285,000 people are left without adequate access to health care, as many health partners have ceased operations in earthquake-affected areas because of funding shortages.
The highest number of conflict events recorded between 1 January 2025 and 31 March 2026 are from earthquake-affected areas in Sagaing (3,200 conflict events) and Mandalay (1,800) as per data published by the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED).
Between 28 March 2025 and 31 March 2026, a total of 232 attacks on health care were reported by Insecurity Insight, as compared to 73 verified attacks on health care recorded by WHO’s Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA). So far in 2026, 22 verified attacks have been recorded with 19 fatalities.
Partners are reporting a dramatic surge in preventable skin infections in overcrowded temporary settlements in Ayeyarwaddy, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Rakhine, and Tanintharyi: highlighting serious shortages in accessible treatment. Most cases are fungal infections and scabies, often complicated by secondary bacterial infections.
Shortages in essential supplies for treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD) are reported from Rakhine IDP camps and Magway, Sagaing, Mandalay, Chin, and Rakhine.
Jointly with WASH and Nutrition Clusters, the Health Cluster is supporting the annual updating of the AWD Readiness Action Plans at sub-national level, using the AWD Risk Index to prioritize townships for trainings and prepositioning of supplies.
Fuel shortages and higher fuel prices as a result of the Middle East Crisis are severely impacting patient referrals for life-saving emergency treatment, potentially leading to increase in preventable disability and mortality..."
Source/publisher:
Health Cluster, World Health Organization via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.14 MB
more
Description:
"Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime.
Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (35 pages)
Size:
2.2 MB
more
Description:
"Summary:
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime.
Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (37 pages)
Size:
2.34 MB
more
Description:
"Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (63 pages)
Size:
3.2 MB
more
Description:
"Summary:
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (3၀ pages)
Size:
1.99 MB
more
Description:
"Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (35 pages)
Size:
2.24 MB
more
Description:
"A. SITUATION ANALYSIS.....
Description of the crisis.....
Typhoon Yagi made landfall on 8 September 2024, bringing torrential rainfall and strong winds that persisted until 12 September 2024 and triggering one of the most severe flood and landslide emergencies in recent years in Myanmar. The storm affected approximately 1.1 million people across 70 townships in nine states and regions, including Bago, Kayin, Eastern and Southern Shan, Mandalay, Magway, Mon, and Naypyitaw, overwhelming local response capacities and isolating many communities. By 27 September 2024, more than 360 fatalities had been confirmed, with over 100 individuals still missing, while more than 320,000 people were displaced into overcrowded and poorly equipped shelters or informal sites. The disaster caused extensive damage to infrastructure, with over 141,000 structures, including homes, schools, offices, roads, and bridges, damaged or destroyed, and more than 2.3 million hectares of cropland and over 176,000 livestock lost, severely impacting rural livelihoods at the end of the main rice‑growing season.
In October 2024, additional low-pressure systems over the Bay of Bengal brought recurrent flooding, compounding the damage in Mandalay and the Shan States. Humanitarian relief operations were severely disrupted, and the destruction of local markets, health facilities, and homes further deepened existing vulnerabilities.
On 28 March 2025, before communities had a chance to recover from the flooding, a powerful 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, with the epicenter located in Sagaing Region and strong shaking felt across Bago, Mandalay, Magway, Naypyitaw, Eastern Shan, and Southern Shan. The earthquake caused widespread devastation, including in areas still recovering from Typhoon Yagi, leading to the collapse of homes, religious buildings, schools, and health facilities. As of June 2025, official records indicated at least 3,745 deaths and 61 people missing, though actual figures were likely higher due to underreporting from the collapse of religious and community centres that were hosting internally displaced people and public events at the time. Nearly 52,000 homes were damaged or destroyed, alongside hundreds of hospitals and thousands of schools, while approximately 18,200 people sheltered in 103 evacuation centres and more than 265,000 stayed with relatives or in makeshift structures under hazardous and overcrowded conditions. The total estimated economic loss from the earthquake exceeded USD 1.7 billion (CHF 1.3 billion), reflecting extensive damage to homes, roads, farmlands, and public infrastructure. On 29 March 2025, the IFRC launched an Emergency Appeal for the earthquake seeking CHF 100 million to support 100,000 of the most affected people.
The twin disasters of Typhoon Yagi and the March 2025 earthquake caused severe and overlapping damage to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems, leaving many communities without safe drinking water or functional latrines. Floodwaters contaminated rivers, ponds, and shallow wells, while landslides and debris destroyed or blocked water points, and the earthquake subsequently collapsed already weakened piped networks, storage tanks, and sanitation facilities. As a result, many households resorted to unsafe surface water and open defecation, sharply increasing the risk of waterborne diseases such as acute watery diarrhoea and cholera, as well as vector‑borne diseases like dengue and malaria as stagnant water accumulated around flooded and damaged settlements. Overcrowded shelters and evacuation sites, often with poor drainage, limited bathing facilities, and insufficient hygiene supplies, further heightened these risks and made infection prevention and control extremely difficult, particularly at the onset of the 2025 monsoon season.
Simultaneously, the destruction of farmland, irrigation systems, storage facilities, and rural markets deepened food insecurity and severely disrupted livelihoods. Many farming families who lost standing crops, seeds, tools, and livestock to the floods were further affected by the earthquake. In several affected townships, fields remained uncultivable due to siltation, erosion, or damage to irrigation infrastructure, reducing both immediate harvests and future planting prospects and driving up reliance on markets at a time when staple food and fuel prices were rising. Small traders, daily labourers, and informal workers also lost income as shops, warehouses, and local markets were destroyed or could not operate regularly, forcing households to deplete savings, take on high-interest debt, or sell productive assets to meet basic needs.
The psychological and social impacts of these cascading crises were profound. Thousands of people were displaced multiple times, grieving the loss of loved ones, homes, livelihoods, and community networks, while living for prolonged periods in temporary shelters or with host families under crowded and stressful conditions. Children, older persons, people with disabilities, and those with pre-existing mental health conditions face additional barriers in accessing services and support, including safe spaces, education, and specialized care. Reports from affected areas highlighted elevated levels of distress, anxiety, and depression, and underscored the urgent need for sustained Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), protection services, and community-based support mechanisms to help individuals and communities cope and recover..."
Source/publisher:
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-19
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"Insecurity Insight identified at least 1873 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Myanmar since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 31 January 2026. Health facilities were reportedly damaged or destroyed 472 times and used for non-medical purposes 228 times. At least 170 health workers were killed and 909 arrested. 70% of these incidents were attributed to the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF).
At least 909 health workers were reportedly arrested or detained in 368 incidents across 17 regions and states during the reporting period. In the first year of the military coup, health workers were mostly arrested on allegations of Civil Disobedience Movement-affiliation, because of the care they provided to injured local defense forces (LDF) or their leadership roles as caregivers in communities, including rural communities and clandestine networks opposed to the military government. Over time, the reasons for arrests shifted from security forces’ arresting health workers treating injured protesters to arresting them for allegedly assisting or being affiliated with LDFs or for political activism on social media.
Documented incidents
18 February-03 March 2026
The publicly reported incidents below are not a complete nor a representative list of all incidents that affected the provision of health care between 18 February-03 March 2026. The incidents below have not been verified through ground investigations. There is a delay in reporting incidents due to our open source verification protocol.
18 February 2026: In Ywar Kone Gyi village, Yae Shin village tract, Kyunhla township, Kanbalu district, Sagaing region, a station hospital, a public high school, and at least seven houses were damaged by bombs dropped from a Myanmar military fighter jet. Sources: Democratic Voice of Burma, Khit Thit Media, and Red Peacock
18 February 2026: Near Pe Gyi Khin village, Ma Gyi Kone village tract, Natogyi township, Myingyan district, Mandalay region, a 100-bedded underground hospital was destroyed in a targeted explosion by the Myanmar military who had planted explosives in the facility. The facility was built with the support of the government in exile and started functioning in late 2024. Sources: Mandalay Free Press, Mizzima, and Surbung Time
19 February 2026: In Tha Yet Cho village and village tract, Ramree township, Kyaukpyu district, Rakhine state, a station hospital, a market, and a police station were damaged by bombs dropped from two Myanmar military fighter jets. At least two adults were killed. Sources: Arakan Bay News and Western News
20 February 2026: In Kone Yoe village and village tract, Taze township, Ye-U district, Sagaing region, a sub-rural health centre was damaged by three bombs dropped by three Myanmar military gyrocopters. The clinic was not functioning at the time of the attack. Sources: Khit Thit Media, Mandalay Free Press, and Taze News
22 February 2026: In Hnit Kayin village and village tract, Ye township, Ye district, Tanintharyi region, a medical LNGO leader was arrested by the Myanmar military and sent to a local command centre in Ye town for interrogation. He was accused of having connections with the PDF. Sources: Independent Mon News Agency and Myanmar Pressphoto Agency
As reported on 25 February 2026: Along the highway connecting Khin-U town and Shwebo town, Shwebo district, Sagaing region, private pharmacies, houses, and rice mills were torched by the Myanmar military. Source: Myanmar Pressphoto Agency
As reported on 25 February 2026: In Mogoke town and township, Thabeikkyin district, Mandalay region, a township hospital and public schools were used as temporary offices for the Immigration Department. Source: Mandalay Free Press
As reported on 27 February 2026: In Banmat village (New), Mawkmai township, Langkho district, Shan state (South), a local clinic, houses, and the administrative offices of the Pa-O National Liberation Army; and the houses in three neighbouring villages were torched by an allied group of the Myanmar military and Pa-O National Army. Sources: Maun and Mekong News..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-12
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"Summary of Crisis and Key Findings:
Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis has continued to deepen due to intensifying conflict, recurrent natural disasters, and steady economic collapse.3 In the first half of 2025, Myanmar ranked second globally for conflict intensity, with more than half of the population exposed to conflict. The security situation for civilians is deteriorating, protection risks are severe, and the resilience of communities is stretched to breaking point.
In spite of the high level of needs, the Myanmar 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) target has been set at 4.9 million people, a 27% decrease from 6.7 million in 2025. The reduction in target is proportional across most clusters and largely a reflection of diminished response capacities foreseen for 2026.
Access to basic health services is particularly dire in Rakhine, Kayah and Sagaing, where nearly half the population faces serious difficulties, while between 25% and 40% of residents in Kachin, Tanintharyi, Kayin, Northern Shan and Chin need humanitarian health assistance. Disease outbreaks are on the rise due to unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and the interruption of routine health programmes.
A nationwide cholera outbreak occurred between June 2024 and April 2025, malaria has resurgeddue to supply shortages and dengue fever continues to affect children under 15.7 Alarmingly, 1.5 million children under five have missed basic vaccinations since 2018, increasing the risk of vaccine-prevetable diseases, such as measles and diphtheria and the possible re-emergence of polio.
In March 2025, a devastating earthquake struck central Myanmar. The disaster impacted key agricultural regions, destroying crops, irrigation systems, and grain stores—threatening food security for 2 million newly affected people. The earthquake damaged or destroyed tens of thousands of houses, dozens of roads and bridges, and nearly 70 health facilities, severely disrupting access to essential services..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-09
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"Executive Summary:
Myanmar faces a protracted humanitarian emergency characterized by widespread displacement, ongoing armed conflict, severe economic deterioration, and compounding natural disasters. The crisis demands sustained international attention and coordinated humanitarian response across multiple sectors. The Myanmar crisis requires sustained engagement across diplomatic, humanitarian, and development channels. Immediate priorities include scaling humanitarian assistance, protecting civilian infrastructure, and maintaining pressure for political resolution while preparing for long-term recovery and resilience-building efforts.
This analysis, produced through GANNET SituationHub's AI-powered platform with human-in-the-loop verification, synthesizes data from thousands of humanitarian sources to provide actionable insights for decision-makers, field teams, and donors responding to the Myanmar crisis. The platform's real-time monitoring capabilities enable rapid identification of emerging needs and coordination gaps critical for effective humanitarian response..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Highlights:
- Annual update for 2025 on the Human Rights Situation in Myanmar shows that civilian deaths due to airstrikes rose to the highest levels verified since 2021. 2025 was also the deadliest year for children since 2021 with the impact of violence on girls particularly increasing. Almost 25% of the population faced high levels of acute food insecurity with risk of further deterioration.
- Record number of deadly attacks on health care verified by WHO’s Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA): 70 attacks were recorded during 2025 as compared to 31 in 2024. Attacks are becoming more deadly, with 148 fatalities reported in 2025, as compared to 51 in 2024.
- Access to humanitarian aid is increasingly blocked, mainly due to a dramatic rise in armed activities, as per 2025 data from OCHA. Chin, Rakhine and Sagaing are most affected. Intensified conflict is impeding health service delivery, as patients and health workers are unable to visit health facilities.
- Severe arsenic contamination in river water in Kayah, with recent laboratory findings showing arsenic levels 4–9 times above standards in the Salween River and as high as 55 times above safe levels in Mo Lo Creek. Local authorities are prohibiting any consumption of water or fish from contaminated areas.
- Ongoing increase in preventable skin infections throughout the country, particularly in temporary settlements where overcrowding, inadequate hygiene, and lack of access to water are allowing sin infections to spread.
- Severe shortages of medical supplies, including for treatment of skin infections.
- Lack of funding and impossibility to register will force many health partners to discontinue services in the coming months..."
Source/publisher:
Health Cluster and World Health Organization via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-02-27
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"Insecurity Insight identified at least 1869 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Myanmar since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 20 January 2026. 70% of these incidents were attributed to the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF). Health facilities were reportedly damaged or destroyed 471 times and used for non-medical purposes 227 times. At least 170 health workers were killed and 909 arrested.
Incidents involving drones armed with explosive weapons affected health care 74 times between February 2021 and December 2025. Reported incidents shifted between conflict parties over time and across regions/states, from mainly local defense forces in the Sagaing region in the early years following the coup to the MAF, primarily in the Bago and Sagaing regions and Kayin State from 2024 onward.
These incidents underscore how armed drones have become an escalating threat in conflict settings. Adapting to this risk means rethinking security measures for health facilities. This practical guide by Insecurity Insight provides measures to help health care providers mitigate these risks and is available in Burmese and English. From early warning systems to protective strategies for staff, infrastructure, and mobile teams, this guide is essential for anyone working to safeguard medical services in Myanmar. For broader insights, consult the Security Risk Management for Health Care Services (SR4H) Handbook. Individual resources:
Outside When a Drone is Spotted: Burmese; English
Inside a Building During a Drone Attack: Burmese; English
Response During a Drone Attack: Burmese; English
Please get in touch for data enquiries. View the incidents on our interactive map. Numbers may change if or when further information is made available.
Documented incidents
04-17 February 2026
The publicly reported incidents below are not a complete nor a representative list of all incidents that affected the provision of health care between 04-17 February 2026. The incidents below have not been verified through ground investigations. There is a delay in reporting incidents due to our open source verification protocol.
06 February 2026: In Mogoke town and township, Thabeikkyin district, Mandalay region, a township hospital occupied by the Myanmar military was attacked with a handmade electroshock rocket by the PDF. Source: Khit Thit Media
As reported on 09 February 2026: In Banmauk town, Banmauk township, Katha district, Sagaing region, bunkers built by KIA and the PDF were found at a township hospital, schools, religious buildings, government buildings, hotels, and civilian houses by the Myanmar military after the town had been reseized. The town was under the control of KIA and PDF for five months. Source: Ministry of Information Myanmar
09 February 2026: In Myaing Gyi Ngu village and village tract, Hlaingbwe township, Hpa-An District, the staff house building of a station hospital was damaged and a child was injured by artillery shelling by an unidentified perpetrator. After the attack, the health workers and patients left the hospital and relocated. Sources: Karen Information Centre and Independent Mon News Agency
10 February 2026: In Tlangkhua village and village tract, Htantlang township, Hakha district, Chin state, a local clinic and a housing construction site were damaged by bombs dropped by a Myanmar military fighter jet. At least six people were killed and seven were injured at the construction site. Sources: Chin Human Rights Organization and Khit Thit Media
17 February 2026: In Nyaung Pin Gyi Su village, Yone Su village tract, Khin-U township, Shwebo district, Sagaing region, a public high school used as a makeshift hospital and at homes were damaged by three bombs dropped by a Myanmar military fighter jet. The school was closed, and patients and health workers evacuated just before the airstrike. In the neighbouring area, three people, including one patient, were killed and at least six were injured. Sources: Khit Thit Media, Maun, Myaelatt Athan, and People’s Spring
Past briefs: 21 January-03 February; 07-20 January; 24 December 2025-06 January; 10-23 December; 26 November-09 December; 12-25 November; 29 October-11 November; 15-28 October; 01-14 October; All
SHCC Factsheets: Burmese: 2024; 2023. English: 2024; 2023: 2022; 2021; 2020
Help support the protection of health care by sharing this resource. Please copy and paste this link: https://bit.ly/04-17Feb2026MMRHealth..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-02-26
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"Highlights
Children and families in Myanmar faced an escalating humanitarian crisis in 2025, as conflict, repeated displacement, public health emergencies, and natural disasters—including a major earthquake—left millions of children without access to safe shelter, education, healthcare, and protection services. In 2025, 21.9 million people, including 6.9 million children, were in need of humanitarian assistance.
A 7.7‑magnitude earthquake on 28 March hit central Myanmar, where over half of all vulnerable displaced population reside, destroying water, sanitation, health, and education infrastructure and pushing an additional two million people into acute humanitarian need.
Despite the challenging environment, and amid funding constraints, UNICEF and its partners reached 4 million people, including 3.2 million children, in 2025. Nearly 2.5 million children received vitamin A supplementation, over 1.2 million people were reached with safe water, 747,375 children accessed learning, and 23,025 children with disabilities were supported with specialized services.
UNICEF secured only 25 per cent of its US$ 346.8M appeal, leaving a 75 per cent funding gap that significantly limited scale‑up of its critical humanitarian and earthquake‑response service.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
In 2025, Myanmar remained the world’s most fragmented conflict and second-highest globally in conflict intensity,1 leading to a deepening humanitarian crisis for children and families. By the end of December, over 3.6 million people2 were internally displaced,3 an increase of more than 150,000 newly displaced individuals compared to 2024. Most newly displaced populations are from Sagaing, Kayin, Tanintharyi, and Ayeyarwaddy regions, often fleeing multiple times, only to end up in informal shelters with limited access to food, healthcare, and clean water.
Children’s rights to education and safety were severely affected. Ongoing conflict, school destruction, teacher shortages, and severe access restrictions limited service delivery, while areas hit by both conflict and the 2025 earthquake faced critical shortages of safe learning spaces, learning materials, and mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS).
Protection risks intensified as families under extreme stress resorted to harmful coping strategies, including child labour, unsafe migration, family separation, and early marriage. Landmine and explosive ordnance contamination remained a major threat, with children making up over a quarter of casualties in the first half of 2025.
Displacement continued to rise particularly across Kachin, the northwest and northern and southern Shan, where airstrikes, shifting frontlines, prolonged banking and telecommunications disruption, widespread landmine contamination, and service disruptions heightened risks of exploitation and psychological distress. In Rakhine state, intensified conflict and movement restrictions left an estimated 500,000 displaced people - including a 235,862 stateless population6 – at risk of harassment and abuse.
The humanitarian crisis severely worsened in March 2025 when a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, followed by 262 aftershocks ranging from 5.5 to 3.0 magnitude,8 damaging more than 10,000 water systems impacting over 92,457 people’s access to safe water, damaging 10,471 household latrines in the 401 locations assessed in 29 townships, and depriving 45,812 people of access to safe sanitation facilities.9 Seasonal disasters compounded the situation: flash floods from late May to July affected 195,000 people across multiple states and regions.
Disease outbreaks, hunger and inadequate WASH conditions intensified the risks to child survival. Health risks heightened in overcrowded displacement settings. In 2025, as per WHO, a total of 2,378 acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) cases were reported10 across nine states and regions, with the majority occurring in Yangon, Kayin, Chin, and Rakhine. Specific outbreaks were reported in Kayin state, bordering Thailand, in January and Chin state in December.11 Myanmar remained classified as a hunger hotspot of “very high concern” in the latest global food security update,12 and 410,000 children under five, along with pregnant and breastfeeding women, were projected to be suffering from acute malnutrition between June 2025 and May 2026.13 Joint mapping conducted by Health, Nutrition and WASH clusters identified 76 townships at very high risk of AWD outbreaks, primarily located in conflict- and disaster-affected areas.
Humanitarian access remained critically constrained, with over one-third of townships extremely difficult to access (Level 3)14 due to active hostilities, administrative restrictions, and insecurity. Conflict hotspots like Rakhine, Sagaing, and Magway accounted for 69 per cent of incidents.15 Furthermore, 58 per cent of the 6.7 million people targeted for assistance reside in high-restriction areas, where airstrikes, landmines, and telecommunications blackouts frequently force the suspension of life-saving operations..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-02-18
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Insecurity Insight identified at least 1853 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Myanmar since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 23 December 2025. Health facilities were reportedly damaged or destroyed 460 times, 163 health workers were killed and 906 arrested. These attacks on health care severely undermined the provision of medical services, forcing facilities to close or scale back operations and endangering patients’ lives. Violence, aerial and drone strikes, and restrictions on medical supplies disrupted care delivery, causing long-term damage to health systems and the wellbeing of affected populations. 70% of these 1853 incidents were attributed to the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF).
During 2025, incidents increased in Yangon region compared to previous years, following an initial spike observed in the early post-coup period. Health workers, particularly those linked to the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) or expressing political criticism, were arrested, including for social media activity. Private and NGO health facilities were repeatedly impacted through temporary shutdowns, sealing orders, and looting, often on accusations of CDM affiliation, support to PDFs, or regulatory violations. February 2025 marked a peak in forced closures of private health facilities, while incidents of vandalism, medicines seizures, and damage to ambulances highlighted growing insecurity. By late 2025, these incidents intensified further constricting space for health care provision in Yangon region..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2026-02-03
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"Introduction
This report provides a locally informed interim assessment of humanitarian access in Karen State (Kayin State per UN terminology), examining key constraints through insights from international actors and local community-based organisations (CBOs).
Global humanitarian efforts often rely on state authorities, sidelining local actors in conflict zones. In Myanmar, official aid is through the State Administrative Council (SAC) controlled NDMO, which has limited access and reliability for delivering aid to non-SAC-controlled areas, such as Karen State. SAC’s bureaucratic barriers and movement restrictions further obstruct aid, while traditional iNGOs and UN agencies have significantly less impact and reliable access in these resistance controlled areas.
By contrast, CBOs, local NGOs, Border Based Organisations (BBOs) and IDP humanitarian services under de facto authorities have proven to be the most effective existing channel for delivering aid—despite often operating outside the traditional humanitarian system. Through community networks, these actors consistently adapt to security risks and logistical challenges, ensuring aid reaches populations deemed inaccessible by conventional means.
This report finds that the most effective means of supporting conflict-affected communities is through local NGO and CBO stakeholders working with de facto authorities, who enable access and provide critical aid where traditional mechanisms fail.
This report provides an interim analysis of humanitarian access constraints and explores alternative pathways for aid delivery. The full report, covering all constraints listed on page 13, with additional risk related information for practitioners, will be released in late March 2025..."
Source/publisher:
Humanitarian Assistance And Disaster Relief Institute
Date of entry/update:
2025-02-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Insecurity Insight identified 1563 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Myanmar since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 05 December 2024. In these incidents, health facilities were damaged 347 times and taken over for non-medical purposes on at least 198 occasions. In addition, 135 health workers were killed and 835 arrested.
Over two-thirds of incidents were attributed to the Myanmar junta forces. Ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) including the Arakan Army, the Chinland Defense Force, the Chin National Army, the Kachin Independence Army, the Karen National Liberation Army, the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force, and Pyi-thu-sit, Pyu-saw-htee, Shanni Nationalities Army, Swan-arr-shin militias and Ta'ang National Liberation Army were named in some incidents, but less often than the Myanmar junta forces.
Explore our interactive map to see where incidents happened.
1 Access the data on HDX. The dataset no longer includes event descriptions due to HDX policy. Data is updated every Monday. Follow us for the latest updates. Numbers may change if or when further information is made available..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2025-02-03
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Individual Documents
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"Four years on from military coup, additional UK humanitarian funding delivers healthcare to one million people in Myanmar
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and The Rt Hon Anneliese Dodds MP
Uplift in support announced four years on from the military coup, as humanitarian needs reach record levels
Despite the ongoing conflict, healthcare will be delivered to nearly one million people across Myanmar in the first half of 2025 including maternal care, nutrition support and disease treatment
New climate resilience funding will help rural communities tackle extreme weather, improve water management and strengthen food security
Almost one million vulnerable people in Myanmar will receive essential medical care through UK aid support in the first six months of 2025, helping communities access vital healthcare services despite ongoing conflict.
The UK is announcing an uplift of £22.45 million in humanitarian support for 2024/25 to deliver this support, four years on from the military coup. On 1 February 2021, the Myanmar military overthrew the democratically elected government, led by Aung San Suu Kyi, and installed a military regime. Since then, they have used violence and atrocities to maintain power and suppress opposition voices. The UK has consistently called for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and all those arbitrarily detained in Myanmar.
UK funding will provide maternal and child health services to around 107,000 women and children, while 86,000 people will be reached with crucial nutrition support. It is expected that a further 142,000 people will be able to access sexual and reproductive health services and treatment for diseases like tuberculosis and malaria.
The life-saving assistance comes as Myanmar faces an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, with nearly 20 million people now requiring aid - a twenty-fold increase since the military coup four years ago.
Minister for Development, Anneliese Dodds, said:
While global attention may shift, the UK will not forget the millions in Myanmar still living through a brutal conflict, creating a humanitarian crisis in a country already vulnerable to the impacts of the climate crisis.
Four years on from the military coup and amid ongoing violence, the UK is matching words with action - providing additional support to meet urgent health needs and tackle long-term climate challenges.
Over 3.5 million people are now displaced from their homes due to the fighting, 19.9 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, and Myanmar is now seeing a proliferation in serious and organised crime.
Typhoon Yagi caused devastation across South-East Asia in September 2024, severely affecting over one million people across Myanmar. Additional funding will help rural communities prepare for future climate-related disasters, through improved food systems and early warning mechanisms, including support for areas recovering from recent typhoons.
Agriculture is vital to Myanmar’s economy and without it, the country will find it difficult to rebuild and grow when the conflict finally ends. UK support is planting the seeds for Myanmar’s long-term recovery, restoring security and stability to make the world safer for all of us.
The UK continues to support ASEAN’s central role in addressing the crisis. The UK convened a UN Security Council meeting on 30 January, calling for full humanitarian access across Myanmar to help protect civilians and pressed for further action to secure a peaceful democratic future for the Myanmar people. As penholder on Myanmar at the UNSC, the UK will continue to take action to bring stability to Myanmar and the wider region, maintaining our commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific in the interests of UK national security.
Notes to editors
UK humanitarian support to Myanmar in the financial year 2024 to 2025 has increased to £66.45 million from an initial allocation of £44 million (excluding support from the UK’s Integrated Security Fund), following a decision to uplift funding due to increasing humanitarian need. By comparison, support in the 2023 to 2024 financial year began at £30.1 million and concluded at £38.83 million..."
Source/publisher:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Date of entry/update:
2025-02-01
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"Highlights
Health cluster partners reached 0.82M people in Myanmar during 2024: 65% were people affected by crisis with humanitarian needs, followed by Internally Displaced People (IDP) (33%), non-displaced stateless people (1.4%) and returned, resettled and locally integrated IDP (0.7%). The majority of people reached were in Rakhine & Southern Chin (29%), followed by Southeast (27%), Northeast (22%) and Northwest (17%).
As a result of the health cluster’s localization strategy, the number of local health cluster partners increased by 15% in 2024.
No signs of containment of the Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD) outbreak in 9 out of 17 States, with media outlets continuing to report new cases. All NGO partners, including from other clusters have been asked to be report any suspected cases to the health or WASH clusters in the absence of a comprehensive surveillance system - As per available data1, some areas in Myanmar report an increase in malaria cases of over 700% from 2020 to November 2024, mostly affecting children under five years and pregnant women. Interruption of vector control interventions and chronic shortages of malaria supplies including insecticide-treated nets are key reasons for this worrying surge in cases.
Vaccination coverage for childhood illnesses is persistently low, with an estimated 1.5 million children under-five having missed basic vaccinations since 2018, posing a serious threat to the risk of measles, diphtheria and whooping cough outbreaks and possible re-emergence of polio. WHO and UNICEF are coordinating to carry out catch up campaigns.
Lack of access to TB treatment is a rising concern in Myanmar, as it increases the risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis..."
Source/publisher:
Health Cluster and World Health Organization via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-31
[field_licence]
Type:
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Category:
World Health Organisation (WHO), Public Health
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"Executive Summary
The past four years have brought unprecedented challenges to Myanmar, creating a profound "polycrisis." Political instability, compounded by the far-reaching impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, entrenched conflict, economic disruptions, severe human rights violations and worsening environmental degradation, have reshaped every aspect of life. Public health systems have become severely strained, while educational opportunities have diminished, leaving human capital in decline. A youth and skills exodus, driven by forced conscription, limited job opportunities, and deteriorating socio-economic conditions, have markedly depleted the nation's workforce.
This polycrisis has pushed millions into poverty, with half of the population living below the poverty line and a further one third just barely above it. Rural-to-urban migration and displacement caused by conflict have further strained urban systems, while negative coping strategies — such as, in severe cases, selling vital assets (e.g., houses, land) — perpetuate long-term socio-economic vulnerabilities. Access to electricity has plummeted to less than half of the population. Agricultural productivity, driven by access to land and affordability of inputs, is sharply declining, intensifying food insecurity, particularly in states like Rakhine and Chin. Environmental challenges, including deforestation and mangrove loss, have exacerbated climate impact risks, further threatening community livelihoods.
The coming year will test Myanmar’s resilience to its limits as it navigates the numerous challenges of this prolonged polycrisis. The international community must adapt its support strategies accordingly, prioritizing limited resources to mitigate the most severe regressions while building community resilience to ongoing and inevitable future shocks.
Active positive international engagement and negotiation with all parties involved is necessary to help the people of Myanmar navigate through their current challenges and set the stage for a better future. A more stable and peaceful Myanmar, that thrives on a legal economy, protects it human and natural resource assets and invests in the safety and prosperity of all its people is also in the self-interest of its neighbors and the international community writ large..."
Source/publisher:
UN Development Programme (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-31
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNDP - Burma/Myanmar, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Climate Change - networks, campaigns, guides, resources, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
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"Echoes of Anger: Social Media Responses to Increasing Violence in Myanmar
This brief provides an analysis of sentiments expressed in 2,106 public comments in response to 13 Facebook posts published by news sources on social media in Myanmar between June and October 2024. It offers a unique insight into public reactions, the emotional responses to events of those posting the comments, and perspectives on key humanitarian issues.
The 13 Facebook posts covered events involving:
humanitarian blockades and resource restrictions
the targeting of international and local NGOs [AP1] and health care workers; and
looting by armed actors.
The comments included opinions relevant to an acceptance-based security risk management strategy in the form of opinions related to aid workers or aid groups (6 comments) and blockades (237 comments). Overall, the social media space in Myanmar was highly polarised in the period that was studied, with most comments containing strong opinions rather than references to neutral facts.
Criticism of military actions against aid workers or aid groups was common:
The analysis highlights that most criticisms of military actions against NGOs and aid workers were rooted in strong personal anger. Explicit references to international humanitarian law or related legal frameworks were rare, but were present in some posts.
Criticism of aid workers or aid groups was not commonly voiced in response to these 13 posts, but social media users were not convinced that aid agencies remained neutral, and several posts alleged that they were involved in smuggling of some kind.
Military blockades elicited mainly negative comments and included nuances such as criticism of their humanitarian impact on health care and aid, frustration over the economic consequences of blockades like disrupted trade and shortages of supplies, and general condemnation of the military’s tactics.
Comments also included insights on other key concerns:
Protection and accountability concerns: Several comments highlighted the need to safeguard humanitarian operations and uphold human rights, reflecting public expectations of accountability in conflict-affected areas.
Criticism of the media: Some comments criticised perceived media bias or misinformation, which may affect public trust and influence the narrative around aid efforts.
Hate speech and ethnic hostility: Evidence of hate speech and ethnic hostility in comments underscores the need for aid agencies to incorporate protection obligations.
Sentiment towards China: A strong negative attitude towards China was evident, often linked to its perceived role in the conflict. Understanding these sentiments is critical for security risk management processes and navigating local dynamics to ensure effective aid delivery.
Help support the protection of health care by sharing this resource. Please copy and paste this link: bit.ly/25Dec-07Jan2025MMRHealth
Past incident briefs: 11-24 December; 27 November-10 December; 13-26 November; 30 October-12 November; All
SHCC Factsheets: Burmese: 2023. English: 2023: 2022; 2021; 2020
Please get in touch if you are interested in curated datasets, have made a public statement that you would like us to include in our Bi Monthly News Brief, to report an incident or if you have additional information on an incident we have reported on. Join our Myanmar mailing list for regular updates..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory
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Format :
pdf
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1.26 MB
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Description:
"KEY FINDINGS:
Food prices fell 4% in in November due to lower prices for vegetables and essential foods;
Vegetable and essential food prices fell 5% and 12%, respectively, likely driven by increased winter supply;
NFI prices rose just 2% in November, although medicine prices rose 11% and erased October's reductions;
Rice prices fell 5-7% and pulses fell 13%, and many other foods and NFIs shifted up or down 5-10%;
Price rose sharply in Paletwa—possibly due to irregular village supply—but they were fairly stable elsewhere;
The total basket price was 100% higher year-on-year, but prices were rising far slower than at this time last year..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-15
[field_licence]
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Individual Documents
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pdf
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3.16 MB
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"Description of the crisis:
Since 1 February 2021, Myanmar has been experiencing a political crisis, which has led to widespread civil unrest and a humanitarian emergency that affects people in numerous regions in the country. The escalation of violence and security incidents since February 2021 has generated a significant rise in the number of internally displaced people (IDP) in the country. Recent and more historic humanitarian needs of IDPs continue to be the requirements for access to food, healthcare services, housing items and appropriate clothing in certain areas to mitigate the diverse climate conditions as people move between regions.
Despite the still mounting humanitarian needs, the ability to provide principled humanitarian assistance has been severely impeded due to multiple factors such as movement restrictions (including the need for authorizations and roadblocks), security concerns, limitations on electricity and internet access, as well as banking challenges. In February 2023, the State Administration Council (SAC) issued a six-month extension of the then two-year state of emergency with martial law established in 47 townships in Myanmar.
Armed conflicts and clashes remain present, and are escalating, in states and regions across the country. This has led to more than 1.4 million internally displaced people (IDP) since February 2021, out of the total 1.85 million IDPs (UNHCR, Myanmar Operational Data Portal, 26 June 2023). Many of these people remain in informal settlements across the country. In April 2023, OCHA estimated that 60,000 civilian properties, including houses, places of faith (churches and monasteries), and schools have been burnt or destroyed.
The economic situation remains fragile due to transportation challenges (roadblocks and insecure transit in some locations), increased demands as populations move between geographic areas, currency devaluation and rampant inflation. The prices of the basic food basket and household items, fuel, and transportation have increased. At the end of 2022, almost half the population in the country was estimated to be living in poverty due to the pre-existing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the political crisis leading to loss of livelihood and employment3 . The UN Humanitarian Response Plan, published in January 2023, estimated 17.6 million people (a third of the population) to be in need of humanitarian assistance..."
Source/publisher:
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-08
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf
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1.59 MB
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Description:
"OVERVIEW
Since the military takeover in February 2021, the political and security landscape in Myanmar has plunged millions into a deepening humanitarian crisis. This month marks one year since the escalation of conflict that has spread across multiple regions of the country. Civilians continue to face serious protection risks, including conscription, human rights violations and insufficient resources to meet basic needs. Ongoing territorial conflicts have disrupted key access roads, restricting freedom of movement, impeding supply routes and driving up commodity prices, further exacerbating humanitarian needs.
Over a month after torrential monsoon rains and Typhoon Yagi struck Myanmar, impacting some 70 townships across 11 states and regions, an estimated 1.1 million people continue to deal with the aftermath. The catastrophic floods that followed have caused widespread damage, destroying houses and critical infrastructures – water sources, schools, roads and community facilities – and flooded crops and washed away livestock. The states and regions most affected include Nay Pyi Taw, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, and eastern and southern Shan states. This disaster has added another layer of complexity and vulnerability to an already precarious situation marked by conflict.
Access remains challenging in some areas with roads and bridges in need of urgent repairs to facilitate the delivery of urgent, life-saving assistance. Many families are without shelter and access to basic services, having lost basic household items such as kitchen utensils, bedding, water storage, facilities, and other daily essentials. UNHCR is actively responding to the most urgent needs, working alongside partners and other UN Agencies, particularly in the north-west and south-east of the country.
According to the Royal Thai Government, over 52,000 refugees crossed into Thailand seeking protection since February 2021. Most have since returned to Myanmar and no new arrivals have been reported since June 2024.
Since February 2021, close to 70,000 people from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in India. Out of this population, 8,241 are registered with UNHCR. The Indian Army Chief recently reaffirmed India's commitment to sheltering displaced people from Myanmar and providing essential aid. This statement follows recent clashes in the Ukhrul district, which resulted in six casualties, underscoring the challenges border communities and newly arrived Myanmar refugees face. Reports suggest an increase in new arrivals from Myanmar to border villages in Manipur's Tengnoupal and Chandel districts. Humanitarian agencies reported improvement in the security situation in Manipur's border districts although strict curfews remain in effect in some locations. While essential services remained operational, heavy rainfall significantly disrupted economic activities, leaving both host communities and displaced people without livelihoods. Newly arrived populations face acute shortages of food, medical care and essential commodities. Recogizing the impact on communities in the region, local authorities have called for additional government resources for the response..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-11-22
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
9.08 MB
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Description:
"Insecurity Insight identified 1501 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Myanmar since the military coup on 01 February 2021 and 01 October 2024. At least 126 health workers were killed in 99 incidents. Some health workers were shot and killed while they travelled to provide medical care to remote areas or at home, others were killed in Myanmar military airstrikes. Eight health workers were tortured and killed.
The Myanmar armed forces were most commonly identified as the perpetrators. Health worker killings were documented in 13 of Myanmar’s 21 administrative divisions with high numbers recorded in Mandalay region, followed by Sagaing region.
The data with details on location, reported conflict party, weapon used and brief description is available here for download. Explore this interactive map to see where incidents happened. Data is updated on HDX every Monday. Registered HDX user? Follow us for the latest dataset updates. Numbers may change if or when further information is made available. Please get in touch if you’re interested in curated datasets.
Past incident briefs: 18 September-01 October; 04-17 September; 21 August-03 September; 07-20 August; All
SHCC Factsheets: Burmese: 2023. English: 2023: 2022; 2021; 2020
Please get in touch if you are interested in curated datasets, have made a public statement that you would like us to include in our Bi Monthly News Brief, to report an incident or if you have additional information on an incident we have reported on. Join our Myanmar mailing list for regular updates. Help support the protection of health care by sharing this resource. Please copy and paste this link: bit.ly/02-15Oct2024MMRHealth
Documented incidents
02 October 2024: In Maung Htaung village and village tract, Budalin township, Monywa district, Sagaing region, a rural health centre, a school, and a monastery were damaged and a civilian injured by bombs and gunfire from two Myanmar military fighter jets. These civilian infrastructure were targeted because local resistance forces used them as temporary shelters during an armed clash between the local resistance forces and the Myanmar military at a nearby village on 30 September. Sources: Democratic Voice of Burma, Khit Thit Media and Mandalay Free Press
03 October 2024: In Kyauk Maw village, Thit Seint Kone village tract, Mongmit township and district, Shan state, a sub-rural health centre was damaged and a health worker injured by bombs dropped by a Myanmar military fighter jet. Although it was a public health facility, it was operated by volunteer health workers and was functioning at the time of the attack. Source: The 74 Media
06 October 2024: In Khin-U town and township, Shwebo district, Sagaing region, a township hospital occupied by the Myanmar military was attacked with small firearms and armed drones by the local resistance forces, damaging the roofs, ceilings, windows, and walls of hospital buildings and staff houses. There were no casualties. The hospital was functioning at the time of the attack. Sources: Khit Thit Media and NP News
08 October 2024: In Pan Ni Lar village and village tract, Ponnagyun township, Sittwe district, Rakhine state, a makeshift hospital based at a school was damaged by bombs dropped by a Myanmar military fighter jet. There were no casualties. The hospital was functioning at the time of the attack. After the town had been taken over by the Arakan Army, the township hospital was temporarily relocated to the school. Source: Development Media Group
12 October 2024: At a PDF checkpoint near Thone Gwa village and village tract, Kyaikto township and district, Mon state, a female nurse and her husband (a lieutenant of the Myanmar military) were arrested by the PDF. Sources: Khit Thit Media and Mandalay News
12 October 2024: In Myit Chay town, Pakokku township and district, Magway region, a private clinic was raided by the Myanmar military. The doors and windows were destroyed and all the rooms were inspected. The doctor was in the operation theatre at the time of the raid and he was not harmed. The mobile phones and money of the patients were confiscated. The medicines were confiscated, alleging the clinic had provided treatment to PDF. Sources: Facebook and Khit Thit Media
14 October 2024: In Ei Naing village and village tract, Lashio township and district, Shan state , a rural health centre, a church, and at least 20 civilian houses were damaged by bombs dropped by a Myanmar military fighter jet. Three were killed and three injured. Sources: Irrawaddy and Shan News
Insecurity Insight. 2024. 02-15 October 2024, Attacks on Health Care in Myanmar. Switzerland: Insecurity Insight. bit.ly/02-15Oct2024MMRHealth..."
Source/publisher:
Insecurity Insight (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-10-25
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.1 MB
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Description:
"Overview.....
Situation Overview....
Yangon:
According to the ministerial authorities for health, in Yangon Region, a total of 576 hospitalized cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) were reported from 9 September to 6 October 2024. No severe cases have been reported.
Information from open sources suggests that some new cases are reported in Hlaingthayar Township.
Rakhine
Since 25 August 2024, no official data on AWD cases and deaths were shared publicly.
According to early warning and response systems (EWARS) supported by the Health Cluster in Myanmar, in Rakhine:
In epidemiological week 41 (6-12 October), one AWD case was recorded. The case had severe dehydration.
From week 25 to week 41 (16 June to 12 October), a total of 2 470 AWD cases were recorded..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva)
Date of entry/update:
2024-10-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
World Health Organisation (WHO), Public Health
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Format :
pdf
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303.37 KB
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""The water rushed into my house. In just a few minutes, everything I owned was gone—my home, my small farm, livestock, and everything I belonged to. I can’t even imagine how we will recover from this," says Nang, a pregnant woman, her voice trembling with grief. Displaced by the floods that have swept through her village in Shan State, Nang, like so many other women, now faces an uncertain future in a crowded shelter.
Her story is one of thousands emerging from Myanmar as the country battles one of its worst flood disasters in recent history. Torrential monsoon rains, exacerbated by Typhoon Yagi, have unleashed widespread devastation across Myanmar, affecting 1 million people across 70 townships. The floods, which began in early September, have submerged homes, destroyed farmlands, and forced entire communities to flee to temporary shelters.
As the floodwaters continue to rise, the most vulnerable—women and children—are suffering the greatest impacts. Many, like Nang, have lost their homes and livelihoods. The flood has affected nearly half of Myanmar’s 14 states and regions, including Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, and Shan.
Throughout the country, the scale of the disaster is overwhelming. Entire communities have been engulfed by floodwaters, destroying crops, livestock, and homes. Although humanitarian efforts are underway, they are encountering significant challenges. Damaged infrastructure, blocked roads, and ongoing conflict in certain states and regions have made it difficult to access many of those in need. The hardest-hit regions, including Mandalay, eastern Bago, Kayin, Mon, and southern Shan, are in urgent need of emergency aid as communities struggle with the loss of their homes and livelihoods.
As the rainfall persists and river levels increase, the risk of more flooding remains high, and the difficulties of providing aid to affected areas are growing. The country is facing dual crises of conflict and flooding, leaving many women with nowhere to turn. According to the report by UNOCHA as of 27th September 2024, 600,000 women were affected by the flood nationwide, with 270,000 of them being of reproductive age and 13,000 pregnant.
Thida, who is eight months pregnant, is living in a crowded shelter after her home was destroyed by the flood. She described the overwhelming fear that grips her daily. "I was already worried about my pregnancy because of the conflict," she says. "Now, with the flood, it feels like everything is against us." Road blockages and damaged infrastructure have made it nearly impossible for her to access healthcare, leaving her uncertain about her baby’s safety.
UNFPA partners' mobile clinics play a crucial role in this challenging environment. These clinics offer vital sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including maternal health care and family planning (contraceptive) services to the affected population. Despite the logistical challenges posed by the floodwaters, these mobile units are reaching women in remote areas and shelters, providing life-saving care. For many women, these clinics are their only access to healthcare, as local health facilities have been affected by floods or are still inaccessible.
Moe Moe, an eight-month-pregnant woman from Kayin State, shared how the mobile clinic made a crucial difference for her. “I experienced flooding three times in the recent months of 2024. I was so worried for my baby in this difficult situation. I hadn’t been able to see a doctor since the flooding started. When the mobile clinic came to the place near where we live, I was so happy. They checked my baby’s health and gave me the vitamins and a clean delivery kit. I finally feel like I can breathe again, knowing I have the support and care I need for me and my baby,” she said with relief.
UNFPA’s clean delivery kits have provided critical support for pregnant women like Moe Moe, who are unable to get to a health facility during a crisis or emergency situation, preventing deadly infections and ensuring safe deliveries. "I was terrified that I wouldn't have access to a safe delivery. The mobile clinic brought me a clean delivery kit, and it gave me hope that, even in this situation, I can give birth safely," she says. The kits contain sterile supplies for childbirth, including a plastic sheet, a sterile towel, sterile gloves, an apron, soap, a sterile blade, an umbilical cord tie, and an information sheet for safe delivery.
In addition, Dignity kits containing essential hygiene products like sanitary pads, soap, and undergarments are another crucial intervention for humanitarian-affected women and girls. For Thandar, a 30-year-old woman, these kits have made an enormous difference. “Unlike men, women could not stay at the displacement shelter without proper clothing and protection. Having these hygiene products helps us feel a little more in control and confident,” she says. Yet, despite the relief these UNFPA’s dignity kits provide, the overwhelming need for safe, gender-segregated sanitation facilities in the shelters remains unmet.
Many women, displaced by the floods and living in temporary shelters, are also struggling to access contraceptives. Nway Nway, a mother of three children, expressed her concerns. “After the repeated floodings in Kayin during this rainy season, I couldn’t get my contraceptives, and I’m not ready to have another child. I went to the mobile clinic, and they were able to provide me with what I needed. Without that, I don’t know what I would have done,” she explained.
The mobile clinics are providing not just maternal health services but also essential contraceptive services to women who would otherwise be left vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies or unwanted pregnancies in already dire conditions. With healthcare centres damaged and transportation routes cut off, these services are critical for women to regain control over their reproductive health.
In the displacement camps and temporary shelters, women are facing more than just the loss of their homes and livelihoods. Many have become targets of violence, as the displacement caused by the floods has made them even more vulnerable. The lack of privacy, overcrowded living conditions, and insufficient security in the camps have led to an increase in Gender-Based Violence (GBV).
GBV prevention and response have become increasingly challenging in the ongoing conflict, where access to affected areas is restricted, and GBV support services are limited. A local GBV organization supported by UNFPA shared the challenges they face: “In the midst of floodings, we are trying every option and using every available resource to continue supporting displaced women affected by GBV at their home or temporary displacement shelter. The political situation makes it even more difficult, but we know we need to help and protect each other in these challenging times with the limited support available.”
At the heart of the response are community volunteers like Htar, whose dedication has been instrumental in supporting affected women and girls during the floods. Volunteers have been working tirelessly alongside UNFPA and other partners to distribute relief items such as dignity kits and raise awareness about available health services. They also serve as crucial links between the affected communities and healthcare service providers, ensuring that women in the most remote areas are reached.
Htar, a local youth volunteer from Kayin State, spoke passionately about the urgency of their work: “In a disaster like this, we know that time is everything. The sooner we reach the affected people, the better chance they have of staying healthy and safe. With the support of UNFPA, we’ve been able to distribute dignity kits and clean delivery kits in the affected areas within 72 hours. Some team members are providing relief support in affected areas, while others are trying to connect with local donors and service providers for immediate support, and some are collecting data on the affected to identify urgent locations in need. We know that our work is risky, and the conditions are tough, but seeing the smiles on people’s faces makes all the hardship and exhaustion fade away.”
As the floodwaters begin to recede, the challenges remain immense. Women and girls continue to bear the brunt of the crisis, facing heightened risks of GBV, poor access to reproductive healthcare, and disruption of their livelihoods and incomes. UNFPA’s support through partners on the ground, including mobile clinics, dignity kits, clean delivery kits, and family planning services, is critical to ensuring their health, safety, and dignity. However, the need for more funding and resources is urgent. According to UNOCHA, only 28% of the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan has been funded, leaving large gaps in the response. This funding shortfall is even more acute in services aimed at GBV prevention and response, with only about 12% of the required funds received, which is less than half of that for the overall HNRP. This drastic underfunding severely limits the ability to provide adequate support to women and girls who are at an increased risk of gender-based violence in the chaotic conditions of displacement camps.
For women like Nang, Moe Moe, and Nway Nway, the flood has completely disrupted their lives in ways they never anticipated. However, with the ongoing support of community members, youth volunteers, local service providers, and humanitarian partners, there is hope that they can start to rebuild not only their homes but also their futures.
The story of Myanmar's flood crisis is full of challenges, but it also reflects resilience and hope. With continued support, the women of Myanmar can transition from merely surviving to thriving, guiding their communities toward a stronger, more resilient future..."
Source/publisher:
United Nations Population Fund (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-10-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Description:
"This update was developed by the Myanmar Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group (GiHA WG) and is based on available reports from humanitarian partners, including women-led organizations operating in flood-affected townships. It provides an overview of the gendered impacts of the flooding in Myanmar and the differentiated needs of women, men, girls, and boys.
Overview
Since 9 September 2024, severe flooding and mudslides triggered by torrential monsoon rains and remnants of Typhoon Yagi have devastated 70 townships across 11 states and regions in Myanmar.
An estimated 1 million people have been impacted, with more than 360 fatalities and 100 people reported missing,¹ although data is still being verified. The flooding has affected already marginalized groups, including internally displaced persons, pregnant and breastfeeding women, children, and the elderly, for whom the disaster has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities. Early assessments suggest women and girls account for approximately 60% of people affected.
The most severely affected areas include the capital Nay Pyi Taw; the regions of Mandalay, Magway, Bago, Sagaing and Tanintharyi; and the states of southern and eastern Shan, Mon, Kayah, Kayin, and Rakhine. As floodwaters recede, communities, including those in camps for internally displaced persons and relocation sites are beginning cleanup efforts.
The floods have submerged thousands of crops, farmlands, and livestock, significantly impacting the livelihoods of affected communities. Critical infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, including roads, bridges, communication networks, schools, public service facilities, religious sites, and farmlands. More than 65,000 homes, 1,500 schools, 200 roads and bridges, and more than 80 telecom towers have been destroyed or damaged. The impacts of the disaster are exacerbating Myanmar’s existing humanitarian crisis, already strained by ongoing conflict, political instability, and widespread food insecurity..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Pacific Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group, UN Women, United Nations Population Fund
Date of entry/update:
2024-10-02
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.65 MB
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Description:
"Primary country: Myanmar.....Other countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Thailand.....Source: Myanmar Information Management Unit.....Format: Map.....Themes: Health, Mine Action.....Language: English..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-10-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public Health, UNDP - Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.59 MB
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Description:
"DESCRIPTION OF THE EVENT:
Starting 8 September 2024, strong winds and heavy rainfall from Typhoon Yagi triggered severe flooding and landslides across Myanmar. The floods and landslides impacted about 60 townships in nine states and regions, with an estimated 631,000 people affected, and resulting in nearly 200 deaths reported by the time the IFRC Emergency Appeal was launched on 18 September 2024. Estimates of damage have subsequently increased and current reporting indicates nearly 1 million people affected and more than 400 deaths.1
The severe weather lasted until 12 September, ultimately impacting nine states and regions, including Southern and Eastern Shan State, Kayah, Mandalay, Naypyidaw, Magway, Kayin, Bago and Mon.
On 14 September, state run media reported that the State Administration Council made a request for assistance from other countries to cope with the impact of floods that and to date more than 320,000 people have been relocated to temporary camps, many of which are potentially overcrowded and lack sufficient access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) following the destruction and severe damage to homes and belongings.
Severity of humanitarian conditions
1. Impact on accessibility, availability, quality, use and awareness of goods and services.
The floods and subsequent landslides have caused extensive damage across Myanmar, severely impacting infrastructure, homes and essential services. Over 141,000 buildings, including houses, office buildings, and schools, and approximately 1,171 road networks and bridges, have been damaged, making it extremely difficult to conduct needs analyses, deliver goods and provide much- needed aid.2
Local markets, homes and health facilities have been destroyed, significantly reducing the availability of food, water and medical supplies. The agricultural sector has been particularly hard- hit, with over 176,000 animals reportedly lost and more than 838,000 acres of rice paddy and other crops submerged and damaged3. The timing of the floods, coinciding with the end of the rice planting season, has heightened food insecurity, especially for communities that rely heavily on agriculture for their livelihoods. The flooding has also made access to health facilities and schools nearly impossible for many people.
The destruction of over 110 telecommunication towers and 5,700 electricity poles has disrupted communication and power supply as well, complicating efforts to identify needs, coordinate the distribution of essential goods and disseminate information.
Access to clean water has been severely restricted too, as household water and sanitation systems and community water sources are expected to be damaged or contaminated by floodwaters. This raises the risk of waterborne diseases. And this risk will become more complex as affected populations return to their homes in severely affected areas.
2. Impact on physical and mental well-being
The floods have had significant adverse effects on both the physical and mental well-being of the affected people.
As mentioned in Point 1 above, disruptions to water systems are limiting access to clean drinking water and increase the risks of waterborne diseases. The risk of disease outbreaks is high due to poor water and sanitation. This adds mental stress to an already difficult situation. Many people are living in overcrowded camps and other locations that lack appropriate sanitation infrastructure. They have limited access to clean water and proper hygiene facilities, which increases the risk of illness.
The widespread damage to roads and infrastructure has hindered the transportation of patients, making access to emergency healthcare increasingly challenging. The disruption of supply chains has also restricted the availability of essential medicines, escalating the risk of preventable health complications and fatalities.
Across the country, especially in conflict-affected areas, the floods have exacerbated particularly dangerous risks, as the movement of unexploded ordnance in flooding and shifts in land mass expose communities to accidental detonation.
The psychological impact of the disaster is thus profound. Thousands of people have been displaced from their homes, with numerous individuals reported missing, contributing to heightened stress and trauma. The long-term mental health and psychosocial well-being of the affected population are clearly at risk as survivors cope with the loss of loved ones, homes and livelihoods. Support is essential in this context.
3. Risks & Vulnerabilities
Myanmar is still reeling from previous severe humanitarian challenges too. Over 3.4 million people are currently displaced due to ongoing violence, conflict, political instability and natural disasters.4 The situation is dire, with more than 18 million people, or approximately one-third of the population, in urgent need of humanitarian assistance. 5 Many communities already had limited access to essential goods, clean water, healthcare and sanitation facilities. Rising poverty levels are also further complicating the crisis, and Myanmar is already among the countries with the highest vulnerability to climate change impacts.
The recent floods have compounded these existing challenges, worsening the already critical conditions for millions of people. With widespread damage to homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods, the flood has disrupted access to basic services and exacerbated food insecurity.
Myanmar's economy remains fragile as well, with nearly half of the population estimated to be living in poverty at the end of 2023.6 This combination of economic instability and frequent climate-related disasters has left many families struggling to meet their basic needs. The flooding’s impact on agricultural production and employment opportunities will likely only deepen poverty levels and further weaken people’s economic resilience..."
Source/publisher:
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Geneva) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-29
[field_licence]
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Individual Documents
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"Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing, eastern and southern Shan, and Tanintharyi regions/states. The most affected areas are Mandalay Region, southern Shan, eastern Bago, Kayin, Mon, and Nay Pyi Taw. As per state-run media, more than 400 fatalities have been reported as of 25 September.2 The flooding and landslides have caused significant damage to homes, household assets, and critical infrastructure, including health facilities, schools, water sources, major highways, bridges, and WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) infrastructure. Livelihoods have been destroyed, forcing many families to evacuate. Communication challenges persist due to flooded roads and downed electric lines. While floodwaters have receded in some areas, ongoing rain and riverine conditions continue to threaten some areas with recurrent flooding and potential river overflows.
Around 480,000 people are affected in Mandalay and Magway regions including Nay Pyi Taw. In Rakhine, more than 40,000 people from villages including IDPs locations in Mrauk U, and Myinbya and Tounangoup townships are affected. In Bago east, more than 180,000 people are affected while in eastern and southern Shan, flooding and landslides have affected over 100,000 people. In Mon and Kayin states, affected figures are over 200,000.3 Across all affected areas, critical needs include access to safe drinking water, hygiene items, medicine, food, shelter, and humanitarian cash assistance.
Acute watery diarrhoea, dengue fever, malaria, cholera and measles are already a threat to children in Myanmar. The ongoing flooding is likely to worsen the spread of waterborne diseases and increasing the need to provide urgent health, nutrition and WASH services. Despite ongoing rapid response efforts, delivering essential WASH assistance—such as clean water, sanitation, hygiene supplies, menstrual hygiene management, and shelter— remains a significant challenge. Numerous schools were forced to close or are being used as shelters, affecting the access to education for thousands of children. Child Protection concerns are critical in the aftermath of the floods, with risks such as family separation, psychological distress, exposure to explosive ordnance, and physical dangers, including drowning. Initial assessments indicate that more than 270,000 children and over 180,000 parents and caregivers are in urgent need of child protection services..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-28
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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"ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024 highlights climate change threats to women and girls in Southeast Asia, a warning sign for other regions
New York/Bangkok, 27 September 2024 — The new ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024, presented today at the United Nations General Assembly, showcases new gender data across all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It reveals that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States have made tremendous strides towards several SDGs – decreasing poverty, food insecurity, school abandonment, violent crime and the use of unclean fuels – yet climate change and environmental degradation are still substantially affecting women and girls. Given the intensified consequences of climate change, more efforts are needed to address these impacts.
Poverty in East and Southeast Asia has dropped 10-fold over the past 20 years – more progress than in any other region – yet women in Southeast Asia remain more likely than men to be poor, particularly in their peak reproductive ages (2.66 million women vs. 2.31 million men). If climate change continues to worsen, an estimated 2.5 million more people will be pushed into poverty by 2030.
Despite substantial regional reductions in food insecurity over the past decade, an estimated 17% of women and 16% of men do not eat enough nutritious food, and 38% of pregnant women have anemia. Unsustainable farming practices, land transition and overreliance on cash crops, are projected to impact millions, particularly women and girls, who are more vulnerable to food insecurity.
Women’s political participation is increasing, reaching an all-time high of 23% in parliaments across the region, yet they remain underrepresented in key environmental ministries.[1] Expanding women’s roles in decision-making in all sectors is crucial to creating inclusive solutions to manage disease spread, build farmer resilience, reduce unpaid work burdens and ensure ecosystem health.
Despite substantial strides towards universal access to clean drinking water, women are more likely than men to die from consuming unsafe water sources across the region. For example, in Indonesia women comprise 29% of deaths associated with unsafe water sources, compared to 25% of men; while the rates are 23% for women vs. 18% for men in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
Data reveal the gendered impacts of increased droughts, unpredictable rains and rising temperatures, which correlate with higher rates of child marriage,[2] adolescent births and barriers to accessing clean drinking water and cooking fuels, disproportionately affecting women’s unpaid work. Climate plans and policies must be gender-sensitive, but currently, only three countries’ are.[3]
The health of ASEAN oceans is in jeopardy, with high concentrations of algal blooms and extensive beach litter.[4] Destructive fishing practices and overfishing threaten marine biodiversity and fish stocks, with significant economic costs impacting human health, tourism and the livelihoods of small-scale fishing folk, especially women, who are often unable to change harvest areas or gear to adapt.
Rapid deforestation rates continue in the region, with significant forest loss recorded in 2023, particularly in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Indonesia, Viet Nam and Thailand, equivalent to massive carbon dioxide emissions. This deforestation has disproportionate impacts on women, correlating with increased malaria spread that exacerbate women’s unpaid care work.
Although violent crime is low and the region is one of the world’s safest,[5] 22% of women vs. 18% of men feel less safe than five years ago. Among the poorest women, this rate rises to 25%. Women’s participation in security and peacekeeping has the potential to enhance safety, yet women account for less than 20% of peacekeepers contributed by all countries in the ASEAN region.
Currently, 47% of Official Development Assistance in the region targets gender. But increased investment in collecting, analysing and using gender data across all SDGs, including traditionally gender-neutral areas like environment statistics, is necessary.[6] With just six years to go to achieve the 2030 Agenda, continuous investment in gender equality is vital.
The ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024 underscores the importance of gender equality for sustainable development to ensure no one is left behind.
For more information on the report: https://data.unwomen.org/publications/asean-gender-outlook-2024
H.E. Mr. Ekkaphab Phanthavong, Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community commented: “The Second Edition of ASEAN Gender Outlook is dedicated to track progress towards gender equality and SDGs in the ASEAN region. It further advocates for enhanced investment in gender data and evidence, which is critical to guide decision-making policies. This approach ensures that policy responses are comprehensive and inclusive, particularly addressing the needs of women and girls, particularly those from the most vulnerable and marginalised communities in the region.”
H.E. Ms. Penny Wong, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Australia commented: “Investing in gender equality is an investment in peace, security and prosperity. The ASEAN Gender Outlook provides essential data to inform regional policy. Data impacts our decisions about how best to respond, and with better data, we can count women in.”
H.E. Mr. Saleumxay Kommasith, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR commented: “ASEAN has consistently mobilized high-level political commitment to advance gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls in the region. Such priority is seen in the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and its complementarities with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Being the ASEAN Chair this year, Lao PDR remains committed to making concrete contributions to the promotion of gender equality and women’s empowerment which is one of the key priorities, and the cross-cutting priority for achieving the SDGs.”
Dato’ Sri Hajah Nancy Shukri, Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Women, Malaysia commented: “The Second Edition of the ASEAN Gender Outlook is a call to action. Integrating gender perspectives into every facet of our development agenda is not only essential but urgent, as we work towards realizing the ASEAN Community Vision 2045 and shaping the Strategic Plans beyond 2025. The insights from this outlook should ignite real, transformative change across ASEAN, driving us toward a more inclusive future.”
H.E. Mr. Maris Sangiampongsa, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand commented: “Gender equality and women empowerment are also central to the ASEAN Community Vision. As we move ahead, we should empower a new generation of women leaders. Let me highlight three key areas where women can make a difference and contribute to a more future-ready and sustainable world: climate action and disaster response; digital transformation; and global supply chains.”
Sima Bahous, UN Women Executive Director commented: “The second ASEAN Gender Outlook underscores the need to advance progress towards the SDGs, including by improving gender data on key issues for the region. Today’s report shows that gains have been made and progress is within reach, but it must be accelerated. We must keep advancing gender equality to honor the commitments made at the Beijing Declaration nearly 30 years ago, and the 2030 Agenda. Let’s work together to break down the barriers facing women and girls and turn gender equality from a goal into reality.”
About ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org.
About UN Women
UN Women is the United Nations entity dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. A global champion for women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress on meeting their needs worldwide.
Note to Editors:
The report was launched on 10 September 2024 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by H.E. Dato’ Sri Hajah Nancy Shukri, Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Women, Malaysia. The publication is jointly produced by the ASEAN Committee on Women (ACW), led by Malaysia as the Chair of ACW, ASEAN Secretariat and UN Women. The launching ceremony was attended by H.E. Ekkaphab Phanthavong, Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for Socio-Cultural Community; Jamshed Kazi, Senior Advisor and Liaison to ASEAN, UN Women Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; along with the representatives of ACW, ASEAN Commission on the Promotion of the Rights of Women and Children as well as other ASEAN Sectoral Bodies. As regional lead on the SDGs in ASEAN, the Government ofThailandorganized and coordinated the high-level launch of this report at the UN General Assembly.
For media inquiries:
Montira Narkvichien, Regional Communications Specialist, UN Women Asia and the Pacific | [ Click to reveal ]
[1] There is not a single woman Minister for Energy, Industry or Fisheries in the region. Globally, women comprise just 11% of Ministers of Energy, Natural Resources, Fuels and Mining.
[2] For example, the proportion of women aged 18–49 who were married before age 18 was 10 percentage points higher in Timor-Leste during high frequency (34%) compared to low frequency episodes of drought (24%).
[3] Cambodia, Indonesia and Myanmar prioritize gender in their Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement.
[4] The ASEAN region has more beach litter than any other region (more than 288,000 pieces per square kilometre).
[5] At 1.8 victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 people.
[6] UN Women has made significant strides in generating gender and environment statistics through national specialized surveys, but further investments are needed to fill data gaps..."
Source/publisher:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, UN Women
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-27
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
ASEAN-Burma relations, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Armed conflict and peace-building in Burma - theoretical, strategic and general, UN Women
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9.13 MB
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Description:
"This report summarizes the situation as of 23 September 2024.
Situation Overview
Yangon
• After 25 August 2024, no official data on AWD cases and deaths were shared publicly. WHO also has not received the relevant data.
• A total of 3 421 hospitalized cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) including 160 cases with severe dehydration were reported in Yangon Region from 24 June to 25 August 2024, by the ministerial authorities for health.
• Information from open sources suggests AWD cases are on the rise again in some townships such as Hlaingtharyar.
Rakhine
• According to the ministerial authorities for health, from 4 to 25 August 2024, a total of 235 hospitalized AWD cases including 63 cases with severe dehydration were reported in Sittwe, Rakhine.
• According to the early warning and response systems (EWARS) supported by the Health Cluster in Myanmar:
o In the epidemiological week 38 (15-21 September 2024), a total of 5 AWD cases were recorded, 72% decrease compared the week 37 (8-14 September 2024). The AWD cases with severe dehydration deceased to two in the week 38.
o The substantial decline of AWD cases was observed after the week 35 - approximately 300 or more AWD cases had been reported for five consecutive weeks (week 31 to week 35, or 28 July – 3 August 2024), with 20 – 30 AWD cases with severe dehydration per week. The reasons for sudden decrease of AWD cases are not well understood..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-27
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public Health, World Health Organisation (WHO)
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pdf
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297.08 KB
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Description:
"This independent report, covering humanitarian developments up to 26 September, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The situation is fluid, and estimated figures are subject to change.
Highlights
• As of 26 September, an estimated 1 million people across 70 out of the 330 townships in Myanmar are reportedly affected by the flooding from heavy monsoon rains and remnants of Typhoon Yagi. This widespread flooding has caused significant damage in the Northwest, Southeast, and Rakhine State.
• More than 360 people have reportedly drowned, with at least 100 more missing due to the severe flooding.
• The floods have caused widespread devastation, submerging thousands of crops, farmlands, and livestock, leading to substantial losses in the livelihoods of affected communities.
• Eighteen days since the onset of the flooding on 9 September, the humanitarian response is rapidly moving forward. Emergency assistance, including food, drinking water, shelter, and WASH support, has been delivered to some of the affected populations, with more aid efforts underway.
• Significant gaps however remain, and growing needs continue to strain the limited available resources, highlighting the urgency for sustained relief efforts, including early recovery and livelihoods assistance. Aid agencies still require more supplies, additional funds and expanded access to distribute assistance on a larger scale.
• The Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF) continues to capitalize on the various flexible response measures, including the activation of contingency budgets, to quickly support to partners best placed to deliver lifesaving aid in communities hardest hit by the recent floods.
• Donors have committed more than US$3 million additional contributions to the MHF. This will complement the recently announced Central Emergency Response Fund allocation of up to $4 million.
• Additional funding and unrestricted access to affected areas are crucial for humanitarian organisations to respond effectively to the needs of flood impacted communities and the those have been displaced across the country due to the conflict.
Situation Overview
Eighteen days since the severe flash flooding and landslides hit many parts of Myanmar, the humanitarian response is rapidly moving forward. Humanitarian agencies, however, still urgently require additional supplies, funding, and expanded access to distribute assistance on a larger scale. Needs remain high among the flood-affected populations, many of whom had been displaced by the conflict and have had to also deal with the consequences of recurring floods. Even after surviving the disaster, the affected people remain at risk of waterborne diseases and now face the challenge of rebuilding their livelihoods, which have been lost by the floods. The destruction of homes, assets, farmlands, and income-generating activities has left many without the means to recover, further intensifying the need for both immediate humanitarian and early recovery assistance. Essential support is critical to help the affected populations rebuild their livelihoods and address the pressing challenges of recovery, loss of income, and health risks. Without timely assistance in agricultural inputs, shelter, food, and health services, recovery will be slow, and vulnerable communities will continue to face prolonged hardships. Coordinated efforts are necessary to ensure that aid reaches those most in need during this critical phase.
With the extent of the impact still unfolding, latest reports on the ground show a significant rise in the number of people affected by flooding. As of 26 September, flooding caused by torrential monsoon rains, including remnants from Typhoon Yagi, has impacted an estimated 1 million people across 70 of the country’s 330 townships in Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing, eastern and southern Shan, and Tanintharyi regions/states. This means that well over half of the country’s 14 states and regions and Nay Pyi Taw have been affected. The hardest hit areas include Mandalay, eastern Bago, Kayin, Mon, southern Shan and to a lesser extent Nay Pyi Taw. Communities and volunteers are working on cleanup efforts where floodwaters have receded, but persistent rains and riverine conditions in the country continue to threaten some areas with recurrent flooding and potential river overflows.
• In the Northwest, floodwaters have largely receded, allowing communities to begin cleaning up and preparing to return home. Most affected people are from rural areas, primarily reliant on farming for their livelihoods. The floods have destroyed farms and submerged agricultural tools and materials. Farmers face challenges in resuming their livelihood activities without support for agricultural inputs. Potential health risks are rising due to limited access to clean water, and immediate emergency needs include drinking water, food, basic medicine, household kits, clothes, and shelter. More than 200 people are reportedly missing or drowned in Mandalay Region, mostly in Yamethin Township.
• In the Southeast, although the flooding has receded in many areas, flood warnings remain for areas near rivers in Bago and Taungoo townships, eastern Bago. Some areas in Kayah and southern Shan faced recurrent flooding at the time of reporting. Severe damage has occurred to livestock, farmland, and properties, including paddy barns. Nearly 48,500 acres of crops were reportedly submerged in southern and eastern Shan, an estimated 5,000 acres were damaged in Kayah State, and more than 2,600 livestock were lost across eastern Bago, Kayin, and Mon. More than 160 people allegedly drowned, and more than 100 missing, with actual figures potentially higher due to reporting and telecommunication challenges.
• In Rakhine State, more than 42,000 people in Minbya, Mrauk-U and Toungup townships are estimated to be affected by flooding. Floodwaters are beginning to recede across these areas, but due to access and telecommunication challenges, detailed information about the extent of the damage remains difficult to obtain..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-27
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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298.71 KB
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"CRISIS IMPACT OVERVIEW
On 8 September, Typhoon Yagi caused severe flooding and landslides in Myanmar, affecting more than 69 townships in nine central, eastern, and southeastern states and regions, namely Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, and southern and eastern Shan (UNICEF 18/09/2024; IFRC 18/09/2024).
Flooding has affected nearly 890,000 people, resulting in approximately 384 fatalities and 89 missing by 22 September (IFRC 18/09/2024; UNICEF 22/09/2024; AA 22/09/2024). As the situation continues to evolve and affected areas remain difficult to access as a result of damaged roads and widespread telecommunications and electricity disruptions, the number of those affected and dead are expected to rise (UNICEF 18/09/2024; IFRC 18/09/2024).
Until 9 June, prior to the flooding, there were already 18.6 million people (around one-third of the total population), including nearly six million children, in need of humanitarian assistance across Myanmar, including over 7.19 million in flood-affected areas (OCHA 09/06/2024; OCHA accessed 20/09/2024; IFRC 18/09/2024)..."
Source/publisher:
ACAPS via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf
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1.32 MB
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Description:
"Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs:
Across Myanmar, nearly 890,000 people, including an estimated 270,000 children are affected by the ongoing flooding in nine states and regions, including Nay Pyi Taw. The most affected areas are Mandalay Region, southern Shan, eastern Bago, Kayin State, and Nay Pyi Taw. As per OCHA, more than 300 fatalities and nearly 100 injuries have been reported.
The floods and landslides have caused widespread damage and destruction of homes, household assets, destroyed livelihoods and critical infrastructure including health facilities, schools, water sources, and major highways and bridges. In some parts of Mandalay region which was among the worst affected, water levels in many flooded villages have receded while challenges remain for the affected population to return home. Communication challenges persist due to flooded roads and downed electric lines.
In eastern and southern Shan, flooding and landslides have affected 26 townships; in Bago region, more than 100,000 people have been severely affected across six townships while in Mon and Kayin states, around 100,00 are affected by floods and landslides.3 In Rakhine, more than 40,000 people from villages including IDPs locations in Mrauk U, and Myinbya and Tounangoup townships are affected..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-22
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
168.98 KB
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Description:
"Excerpt:
(1.2) Background
(DMH-Issued at 14:15 hrs M.S.T. on 20-9-2024)
Due to the intensity of the typhoon "Ragi" occurred in the South China Sea, heavy rainfall and strong winds are expected in Naypyidaw and 11 other states and regions from September 8 to September 12, lasting for about 5 days.
In DMH Focusing as Below
According to the observations at (13:30) hrs MST today, the land depression over the central part of Laos has moved Westwards and reached Eastern part of Thailand. It was downgraded into a Low Pressure Cell. The Low Pressure Cell and remanent clouds are likely continue to move Westwards and crossing to Kayah, Kayin, Mon States and Bago, Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Regions (Myanmar) and Northern Andaman Sea during next (24) hours. Thereafter, continue to move Westwards and it may re-initiate into a Low Pressure Area over central Bay of Bengal on 23-9-2024.
Due to the low pressure cell and remanent of clouds, rain or thundershowers will be widespread in Naypyitaw, Magway, Bago, Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Regions and Rakhine, Kayah, Kayin, Mon States with likelihood of regionally heavyfalls and scattered to fairly widespread in Lower Sagaing, Mandalay Regions and Southern Shan State and isolated heavy Rain falls and strong wind today noon up to 25-9-2024.
Advisory
People should be awarded the heavy rainfall with strong wind, the natural disasters such as flash flood and landslide in the hilly areas and near small rivers and inland water transport and domestic flight.
Flood conditions of Thantwin River
According to the (07:30) hrs M.S.T observation today, the water level of Thantwin River at Hpaan has exceeded by about 1⁄2 feet above its danger level. it may fall from the present water level by about 2 inches during the next 1 day and may remain above its danger level
Flood conditions of Sittoung River
The water level of Sittoung River at Toungoo has exceeded by more than 31⁄2 feet above its danger level. It may fall from the present water level by about 1⁄2 feet during the next 1 day and may remain above its danger level.
The water level of Sittoung River at Madauk has exceeded by about 5 feet above its danger level. It may continue to rise from the present water level by about 3 inches during the next 1 day and may remain above its danger level. It is especially alert to the people who settle near the river banks and low lying areas in Hpaan Township, Toungo Township and Madauk to stay away from the flood-prone areas..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Red Cross Society via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-21
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
509.83 KB 56.65 KB
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Description:
"This independent report, covering humanitarian developments up to 20 September, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The situation is fluid, and estimated figures are subject to change.
Highlights
• Ten days after the extensive flash flooding, emerging reports of impact indicate that an estimated 887,000 people, including displaced people, have been affected in 65 townships across Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing and eastern and southern Shan regions/states.
• So far, more than 300 fatalities and nearly 100 injuries have been reported. The most severely affected areas remain in devastation, with widespread destruction to homes, household assets, water sources, and electricity infrastructure. Roads, bridges, communication networks, schools, public service facilities, religious sites, and crops and farmlands have been severely damaged or completely collapsed.
• Amid severe underfunding of the response – the 2024 Humanitarian Needs & Response Plan remains 27 per cent funded – OCHA and the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) a.i. are actively fundraising to mobilize additional resources to quickly scale-up ongoing flood response efforts.
• The Emergency Relief Coordinator, a.i. has provisionally approved a CERF allocation of up to US$4 million to help kick-start emergency relief efforts.
• Rapid response efforts continue in the affected townships, delivering critical support to impacted communities. Urgent needs include drinking water, food, essential medicine, household kits, clothing, shelter, and lifesaving equipment for emergency preparedness.
• Funding and unrestricted access to affected areas are crucial for humanitarian organisations to effectively respond to the needs of impacted communities.
Situation Overview
Ten days after the onset of pervasive flash flooding, reports of the impact from affected areas continue to surface. Floodwaters have receded in most regions, allowing communities to begin cleanup efforts. The most severely affected areas remain devastated, with widespread damage to homes, household assets, water sources, and electricity connections.
In addition, critical infrastructure and public properties, including roads, bridges, communication networks, schools, public service facilities, religious sites, and crops and farmlands, have been collapsed and damaged.
Latest reports indicate that an estimated 887,000 people, including those displaced by the conflict, have been affected by flooding across 65 townships in Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing, and eastern and southern Shan regions/states. The most affected areas so far, in order, are Mandalay Region, southern Shan, eastern Bago, Kayin State, and Nay Pyi Taw. Many have been evacuated to safer locations based on the severity of the situation in their areas. Rapid response efforts are ongoing in the affected townships, providing critical support to impacted communities. The initial requests for emergency support have highlighted the urgent need for drinking water, food, basic medicine, household kits, clothing, and shelter.
• In Mandalay Region, one of the hardest hit areas, water levels in most of the flooded villages have receded as of 18 September, and communities have begun cleaning up. However, returning to their homes, particularly in submerged villages, remains a challenge. There are growing health concerns due to the lack of accessible clean water. More than 230 people from 15 affected villages have been reported dead, and 50 individuals have been hospitalized at Yamethin Hospital. Many flood victims in Myitthar Township reside in highland areas, living in temporary makeshift shelters and pagodas. Emergency assistance and rescue efforts have been challenging to reach them, and there is an urgent need for food and healthcare services.
• In eastern and southern Shan, flooding and landslides have affected 26 townships, resulting in at least 78 reported fatalities and 47 individuals sustaining injuries.
• In Bago Region, one of the hardest-hit areas, more than 100,000 people have been severely affected across Bago, Htantabin, Oktwin, Phyu, Taungoo, and Yedashe townships. This includes thousands of individuals in conflictaffected areas that require humanitarian assistance. Villages along the Sittaung River remain flooded and hazardous, while other areas have seen the floodwaters recede.
• Mon and Kayin states have also been impacted by flooding and landslides. Nearly 90,000 people across four townships in Kayin and 11,950 people in three townships in Mon have been affected. Several relief centers remain in Kayin, where many people have begun returning home.
• In Nay Pyi Taw, more than 72,000 people in Pyinmana, Poke Ba Thi Ri, Tatkon and Zay Yar Thi Ri townships have been affected by flooding.
• In Chin State, strong winds and torrential rains have destroyed 180 acres of farmlands and damaged water pipelines. Due to floodwaters and landslides, transportation routes between Falam and Kale and Mindat and Matupi townships remain disrupted.
• In the Sagaing Region, agricultural lands in Chaung-U, Myaung, and Myinmu townships were flooded, damaging some crops.
• In the Magway Region, reports show that more than 26,000 houses were damaged or washed away, and an estimated 50,000 acres of agricultural lands were flooded. Several bridges and road sections were damaged or destroyed, affecting access to impacted communities and complicating response efforts.
• In Kayah State, more than 6,500 people have been affected in Demoso, Hpruso, and Shadaw townships. Flooding and landslides have caused significant destruction to livestock, farmland, and civilian properties. Over 48,000 acres of paddy and other crops have been submerged, with an estimated 5,000 paddy fields damaged across the state.
• In Rakhine State, more than 40,000 people, including those displaced by the conflict, have been affected by flooding in Minbya, Mrauk-U, and Toungup townships..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-20
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Public Health
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Format :
pdf
Size:
259.03 KB
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Description:
"(1.2) Background
(DMH-Issued at 14:15 hrs M.S.T. on 16-9-2024)
Due to the intensity of the typhoon "Ragi" occurred in the South China Sea, heavy rainfall and strong winds are expected in Naypyidaw and 11 other states and regions from September 8 to September 12, lasting for about 5 days.
16-9-2024: : According to the observations at (12:30) hrs MST today, the Deep Depression over the West Bengal(India) and adjoining Bangladesh almost stationary still persists. Monsoon is moderate to strong over the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal .
Flood condition of Dokehtawaddy River
According to the (17:30)hrs M.S.T observation today, the water level of Dokehtawaddy River at Myinge has exceeded by more than 3 feet (92 cm) above its danger level 28.54 feet (870 cm). may fall from the present water level by about 1 foot during the next 1 day and may remain above its danger level.
Flood conditions of Sittoung River
According to the (17:30)hrs M.S.T observation today, the water level of Sittoung River at Toungoo has exceeded by about 6 feet (180 cm) above its danger level 19.69*feet (600 cm)..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Red Cross Society via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-19
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Description:
"Highlights:
• Starting from 8 September 2024, strong winds and heavy rainfall triggered by Typhoon Yagi affected 9 states/ regions in Myanmar.
• Floods and landslides caused significant damage to agricultural lands, road networks, telecommunications and electricity across all 9 state and regions.
• Thousands of houses damaged or destroyed, including MRCS branch office at Tachileik (Eastern Shan).
• An Emergency Appeal is being launched by IFRC to assist at least 25,000 affected people..."
Source/publisher:
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies, Myanmar Red Cross Society via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-19
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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1.01 MB
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Description:
"In the wake of political and economic instability, migration within Myanmar is becoming an increasingly common strategy for survival. This report offers a comprehensive analysis of the migration patterns emerging across different states and regions, focusing on the sectors of employment both at the points of origin and destination. By examining the well-being, particularly the mental health, of migrants, it aims to inform community-level interventions and targeted policy responses.
The data shows a significant demographic shift, with a majority of internal migrants being young adults moving to urban areas in search of better job prospects. However, many face unemployment and mental health challenges, particularly those migrating for safety rather than economic reasons. Additionally, the report highlights the growing gender disparities in the labor market, with women facing lower wages and higher discrimination post-migration.
The study also draws critical comparisons between internal migrants and those who moved to Thailand, revealing significant disparities in income and well-being. It warns of the risk of further out-migration if employment opportunities within Myanmar do not improve, potentially leading to labor shortages that could hinder the country’s economic recovery. With nearly 25% of the population already living abroad, addressing these migration trends is essential to retaining a productive workforce within the country.
Explore the full report for a detailed look at migration in Myanmar, including the key challenges and potential interventions to support this vulnerable population..."
Source/publisher:
UN Development Programme (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-18
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Description:
"The Government of India has launched Operation Sadbhav for extending emergency humanitarian assistance in the wake of the floods caused by Typhoon Yagi.
2. In Myanmar, Typhoon Yagi has caused loss of hundreds of lives, massive destruction of property and resulted in several lakhs of people affected.
3. In keeping with its First Responder commitment in humanitarian situations, India dispatched the first tranche of 21 tons relief material within hours of receipt of the request from the Myanmar side. Naval ship INS Satpura carrying HADR pallets with tents, generator sets, ready-to-eat meals, kitchen sets, solar lamps, medical supplies, mosquito nets & repellents, water purification tablets and disinfectants, and other materials had been dispatched yesterday to Yangon.
4. A second tranche of 32 tonnes of aid was dispatched via IAF IL-76 today. This comprised gensets, temporary shelter, hygiene kits, solar lamps and other relief materials. The need is being re-assessed towards extending more assistance as may be necessary.
5. In line with our longstanding ‘Act East’ and ‘Neighbourhood First’ policies, Operation Sadbhav is part of India’s broader efforts to support the friendly people of Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
Government of India
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Natural Disasters - General, Flooding in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
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Description:
"Highlights
• More than 3.3. million people have been internally displaced and are in need of life-saving assistance, with children needing profound protection amid grave violations.
• UNICEF helped conduct first-stage vaccinations against measlesrubella for more than 300,000 children aged under one year, and supported access to formal and non-formal education, including early learning, for more than 56,000 children.
• In response to the increase of acute watery diarrhea cases reported across the country, UNICEF has ramped up support in Yangon, Rakhine, and other regions on WASH, Health and Risk Communication and Community Engagement through supplies and capacity building activities with the objective of containing the outbreak. Preparations for an Oral Cholera Vaccine campaign are underway.
• The severe funding gap against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal persists. Timely and sufficient funding is crucial to help children and their families who are suffering from the impacts of complex emergencies..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights
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Description:
"UNICEF Statement
UNICEF is deeply concerned for the safety and well-being of thousands of children and families affected by the severe flooding across Myanmar. Heavy rainfalls marking the peak of the monsoon season, exacerbated by Typhoon Yagi, have caused widespread devastation, particularly in Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Naypyitaw, Rakhine and Shan areas.
The floods have resulted in casualties, displaced families, damaged homes, and have destroyed livelihoods and critical infrastructure, including health facilities, schools, and major highways and bridges.
As of today, over 130 deaths and about 320,000 displacements have been reported, though the situation is still evolving. Verifying numbers remains challenging, as many affected areas are still hard to reach due to damaged roads and widespread disruptions to telecommunications and electricity.
As is too often the case in natural disasters, children are among the worst affected. Their safety, well-being, and access to basic services are at grave risk. Affected areas include camps for displaced people, including children, who were already struggling with limited services due to ongoing conflict.
UNICEF teams are on the ground, working closely with stakeholders to assess the situation and mobilize immediate relief. The provision of clean water, sanitation, and healthcare is critical to averting water-borne disease outbreaks, while ensuring psycho-social support and protection services for children during this challenging time.
Ongoing conflict in Myanmar has displaced more than 3.3 million people, nearly 40 per cent of whom are children bearing the heaviest brunt..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Description:
"OVERVIEW
In Myanmar, humanitarian needs are rising as escalating conflict continues to drive displacement and exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. Since fighting escalated in October 2023, an estimated 1.8 million people have been displaced by widespread violence. In the North-East, fighting remained intense, particularly in Kachin State (South) which saw frequent airstrikes, ground troop movements, and artillery fire. In the NorthWest, increased air attacks in Mindat and Kanpetlet townships in southern Chin State displaced about 90% of Mindat’s residents to lowland areas in Magway Region. In Rakhine State (Central), nearly 50 people were killed by airstrikes, artillery shelling and landmine explosions while arbitrary arrests, detentions, and extortion were reported in Rakhine State (North). In early August, an estimated 20,000 people moved from Maungdaw downtown to the coastal area due to clashes. In addition, at least 60 to 100 people were killed in the coastal area as a result of artillery and drone attacks. In the South-East, severe flooding in parts of Kayin and Shan State (South) affected both IDP and host communities, leaving around 200 IDPs in villages along the Shan/ Kayah border in dire need of assistance. UNHCR has responded by distributing hygiene kits and tarpaulins to those affected by conflict and flooding in these areas.
According to the Royal Thai Government, over 52,000 refugees have crossed into Thailand seeking protection from fighting since the military takeover in Myanmar in February 2021, with all reportedly returning to Myanmar. No new arrivals from Myanmar were officially reported during the period.
Since February 2021, approximately 68,600 individuals from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in India. Out of this population, 7,718 people registered with UNHCR in New Delhi. On 3 August, the Chief Minister of Manipur stated that 10,000 “illegal immigrants”, primarily from Myanmar, had been identified over the past five years. About 85 have reportedly been deported, and 143 remain in detention centres. The largest group, nearly 6,200 people, was reported in Kamjong District along the India-Myanmar border. To address reports of “illegal immigration” in Manipur, state authorities formed a 12-member ‘House Committee’ and increased checks, patrols, and monitoring of unofficial entry routes and border areas. On 7 August, restrictions were enforced near India's borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar in Mizoram's Lawngtlai District due to unrest in Bangladesh. On 19 August, Champhai District imposed a two-month restriction amid an investigation into alleged nut smuggling, which will likely impact cross-border movement from Myanmar. Since late July, residents in western Myanmar have reported severe food, fuel and medicine shortages following the closure of some India-Myanmar border crossings. Heavy monsoons continue to cause flooding, landslides, infrastructure damage, and outbreaks of malaria, typhoid, and diarrhoea in areas where Myanmar arrivals reside. Food, health, basic medicines, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) remain urgent needs among Myanmar arrivals in Mizoram and Manipur. Humanitarian agencies and state governments require more resources to ensure the provision of life-saving assistance for Myanmar arrivals..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Description:
"This update is based on information from humanitarian partners and available media reports as of 16 September. The situation is fluid, and estimated figures are subject to change.
Highlights
Heavy rains from Typhoon Yagi's remnants have resulted in significant flooding and damage in various parts of Myanmar. The flood impacted 59 townships in nine regions and states, including the state’s capital, Nay Pyi Taw, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, and eastern and southern Shan.
While data verification is challenging, estimated 631,000 people might have been affected by flooding across the country. Multiple sources indicate that hundreds of people have died, with many more missing.
So far, most areas remain submerged, and evacuation and emergency assistance are ongoing. Despite cha
Situation Overview
Since 9 September, heavy rains caused by the monsoon season and remnants of Typhoon Yagi have led to severe flooding in multiple states and regions across Myanmar. Central Myanmar is currently the hardest hit, with numerous rivers and creeks flowing down from the hilly Shan State. There has been significant damage to road networks, transportation, telecommunications and electricity in affected areas. Most areas remain flooded, although some townships have started to see receding water levels.
Massive flooding has affected more than 300,000 people in 10 townships in Mandalay and 6 townships in Magway regions. The number of affected people ranges from 30,000 to 100,000 in each township (Kyaukse, Myitthar,
Sintgaing, Tada-U, Wundwin and Yamethin) in Mandalay Region. Severely affected people have been evacuated to safer locations.
In the Mandalay Region, 40,000 acres of agricultural land were submerged, and 26,700 houses, 251 electric poles, 110 schools, 80 state buildings, and several bridges and road sections were damaged and destroyed. At least 30 people reportedly drowned, and more than 80 people remain missing in Yamethin Township.
In Nay Pyi Taw, more than 60,000 people in four townships were affected by flooding, according to the state-run media.
In southern Shan, 14 townships were affected by heavy rains and flooding. More than 80 per cent of Nyaungshwe Township has been submerged, affecting an estimated 74,000 people, including people displaced by the conflict.
Heavy rainfalls and severe runoff hit the hardest in Kalaw, Hsihseng, Lawksawk, Pinlaung, and Shwenyaung townships, damaging homes and other structures.
In eastern Shan, more than 18,000 people have been affected in Kengtung and Tachileik townships.
In Kayin State, nearly 90,000 people in 5 townships are estimated to have been affected by flooding. Approximately 35,000 people were evacuated to temporary relief camps in Hpa-An Town. On 11 September, flooding and landslides reportedly killed five people and injured three more in Thandaunggyi Township. More than 300 temporary shelters in three IDP camps in Hpapun and Thandaunggyhi townships were destroyed.
In the Bago Region, more than 87,000 people in Htantabin, Oktwin, Phyu, Taungoo, and Yedashe townships were severely impacted. An estimated 5,000 people have been displaced to 13 evacuation centers in Taungoo Town.
Two local volunteers in Taungoo lost their lives while rescuing affected people.
In Kayah State, close to 9,200 people in 4 townships have been affected by flooding due to excessive water from the Mobye Dam. Flooding and landslides have caused significant damage to livestock, farmland, and properties.
In Mon State, more than 900 people in Bilin and Kyaikhto towns were temporarily relocated to relief centers due to heavy rains and rising water levels in the Bilin River..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
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"This report summarizes the situation as of 9 September 2024.
Situation Overview
Yangon
According to the ministerial authorities for health:
As of 25 August 2024, a total of 3 421 hospitalized cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) including 160 cases with severe dehydration were reported in Yangon Region, since 24 June 2024.
Since week 31 (starting on 28 July 2024) more than 400 hospitalized AWD cases have been reported every week, with a total of 464 hospitalized AWD cases reported in the week 34 (19 – 25 August 2024). No new cases with severe dehydration were reported after 4 August 2024.
Overall situation in Yangon
According to the ministerial authorities, 154 severe cases and 15 deaths were reported among 3 421 cases between 24 June and 8 August (causes of 15 deaths were uncertain and may not be linked to severe AWD/cholera), while there were no reports of severe case and death after 8 August.
Clinicians at hospitals also suggested that patients are no longer presenting with severe dehydration and/or shock in the recent weeks, while severe cases were more common in early period of the outbreak.
At the same time, information from open sources suggested an increase of cases is again observed in some townships, including some cases with severe outcomes.
As such it is important for all the stakeholders to continue making efforts to interrupt transmission and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Rakhine
According to the ministerial authorities for health, from 4 to 25 August 2024, a total of 235 hospitalized AWD cases including 63 cases with severe dehydration were reported in Sittwe, Rakhine.
According to the early warning and response systems (EWARS) supported by the Health Cluster in Myanmar:
In the epidemiological week 36 (1 – 7 September 2024), a total of 47 AWD cases were recorded, including 20 cases with severe dehydration. This is 87% decrease compared the week 35 (25 – 31 August 2024). Prior to this decline, approximately 300 or more AWD cases had been reported for five consecutive weeks (week 31 to week 35, or 28 July – 3 August 2024).
However, the number of the AWD cases with severe dehydration remains stable, raging between 20 to 30 cases in the past three weeks (week 34 to 36).
Out of 48 AWD cases with severe dehydration in the weeks 35 and 36 (25 August - 7 September), six cases (12.5%) were children under the age of five, and 42 cases were aged 5 years and older.
There was no decrease in the overall number of medical consultations. The reason for the sudden decline in AWD cases in the week 36 is uncertain..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-11
[field_licence]
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Description:
"This report summarizes the situation as of 25 August 2024.
Situation Overview
Yangon
According to the ministerial authorities for health,
As of 18 August 2024, a total of 2 957 hospitalized cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) including 160 cases with severe dehydration were reported in Yangon Region, since 24 June 2024.
Since week 31 (starting on 28 July 2024) more than 400 hospitalized AWD cases have been reported every week, with a total of 515 hospitalized AWD cases reported in the week 33 (12 – 18 August 2024). No new cases with severe dehydration were reported after 4 August 2024.
As per information from open sources, it has been reported that cases are on the rise again in some townships.
Rakhine
According to the early warning and response systems (EWARS) supported by the Health Cluster in Myanmar, an increase of AWD cases has been observed in Sittwe in Rakhine State. A notable surge of cases, including those with severe dehydration, has been observed since late July. Cholera infection is confirmed in some of those AWD cases.
During the most recent epidemiological week (week 34, from18 to 24 August), a total of 364 new AWD cases were reported, including 22 AWD cases with severe dehydration. This represents an increase compared to the 197 AWD cases reported in the previous week (week 33, from 11 to 17 August). The AWD cases were reported from both camps and residential areas in Sittwe.
Out of 22 AWD cases with severe dehydration, four were among children under the age of five, and 18 cases were children aged 5 years and older..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-06
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"This epidemiological bulletin aims to provide the situation of key infectious diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region to inform risk assessments and responses. The bulletin uses information from publicly available sources and will be published every two weeks. For feedback or suggestions, please write to [email protected].
Key events and updates
The first case of the mpox Clade Ib in the WHO South-East Asia Region
Situation as of 29 August 2024
On 21 August 2024, Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), Thailand issued a press release about suspected case of mpox (Clade I) has been identified in a 66-year-old European patient who recently traveled from Africa.
On 22 August 2024, the MoPH announced the first laboratory-confirmed case of mpox virus clade Ib detected in Thailand, and notified WHO through the National International Health Regulations (IHR) Focal Point.
A total of 43 individuals who had close contact have been identified. No contacts have been reported mpox infection so far.
MoPH emphasizes infection prevention and control among healthcare workers who may need to work closely with the patient, ensuring adherence to the standard operating procedures for emerging infectious diseases.
Public health authorities are urging anyone who has traveled from Africa to monitor for symptoms such as fever, rash or swollen lymph nodes for 21 days and to seek medical attention immediately if these symptoms occur.
This is the second confirmed case of the mpox virus clade Ib, outside of Africa. The first case was reported from Sweden..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-05
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"In the first six months of 2024, the situation in Myanmar remains deeply alarming.
The surge in intensified armed clashes in both rural and urban areas has led to further deterioration of the humanitarian crisis, resulting in a lack of access to life-saving health-care services, widespread destruction of infrastructure, impediments to the affected population's ability to relocate to safer areas and significant economic burdens. Increased security risks and restrictions on access to reach affected communities has also created steeper challenges for humanitarian responders.
Nevertheless, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) continued to explore different approaches to ensure that the essential needs of those worst-affected by conflict are adequately met, all the while safeguarding the security of our staff members.
Despite the challenges and constraints, ICRC teams remain committed to reaching and supporting the most vulnerable communities, particularly in Shan, Kachin, Rakhine, central Myanmar and conflict-affected areas in Chin, Kayah and Kayin States.
The ICRC urges all parties to the conflict to ensure the protection of civilians in accordance with internationally recognized laws and standards, as well as the safety of humanitarian actors, in order to facilitate the unimpeded and effective delivery of humanitarian aid to affected communities..."
Source/publisher:
International Committee of the Red Cross (Geneva)
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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1.6 MB
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"DG ECHO has replenished the Disaster Response Emergency Fund (IFRC-DREF) of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) with € 200,000 to support victims of heavy flooding in Myanmar, which has affected more than 100,000 people. The allocation will help the Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS) scale up ongoing humanitarian assistance for communities in the most affected areas: Ayeyarwady and Bago region (East and West), Kayin and Mon states, Tanintharyi and Yangon regions.
The primary focus of this allocation will be essential household items, cash for immediate necessities, first aid and health support including hygiene items and hygiene promotion to prevent waterborne diseases for 15,000 people in urgent need of assistance. This includes families whose houses were damaged or destroyed, single-parent households with children under five, older persons, and people with disabilities.
The floods add to the already dire humanitarian situation in Myanmar. Heavy fighting between the military, which overthrew the democratically elected government in 2021, and armed opposition forces have triggered alarming rates of displacement, food insecurity and deadly protection threats..."
Source/publisher:
European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-28
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Flooding in Burma/Myanmar, Natural Disasters - General
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"Background and Introduction
UN Women, grounded in the vision of equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, works for the elimination of discrimination against women and girls, the empowerment of women and the achievement of equality between women and men as partners and beneficiaries of development, human rights, humanitarian action and peace and security. Placing women’s rights at the centre of all its efforts, UN Women leads and coordinates gender mainstreaming across the United Nations system to ensure that commitments on gender equality and gender mainstreaming translate into action throughout the world. In 2022, UN Women officially became a member of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, affirming a stronger commitment to incorporate a gender lens in humanitarian action.
In Myanmar, UN Women and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) co-led the Gender in Humanitarian Action working group (GiHA WG), which evolved from the need to respond to the increasing demand for technical support for gender mainstreaming humanitarian action. Its membership includes UN agencies, international and local nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), women-led and women-focused civil society organizations (CSOs), and other organizations that are working in humanitarian response with gender mandates or implementing gender-related activities. The primary goal of the GiHA WG is to promote the integration of gender considerations into humanitarian actions across operations and analysis, including sectors, clusters and cross-cutting themes.
The international humanitarian organization, CARE, developed the Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA) Toolkit to help humanitarian actors understand the different needs, capacities and coping strategies of women, men, boys and girls in crisis situations. RGAs have been conducted in more than 30 countries and can be adapted to focus on protection, urban areas or remote data collection settings.
In Myanmar, however, collecting data via traditional methods (interviews, surveys and group discussions) is highly complex, sometimes not possible and puts people (both data collectors and affected populations) at risk. Observational data collection can help mitigate these risks and does not rely on people’s ability or willingness to provide information. Instead, it relies on what the data collector can see and observe in the community. With this in mind, in 2023, CARE and the GiHA WG together adapted the RGA to the Myanmar context, creating the Observational Gender Review (OGR).
An OGR informs humanitarian responses by developing nuanced data and information on the impacts of a crisis on different groups. It helps to identify gender dynamics, assess gendered impacts, and support gender-responsive programming without directly questioning members of the affected community.
Conducting either an RGA or OGR allows humanitarian actors to collect important information about gender roles and responsibilities, capacities and vulnerabilities after a shock, as well as potential protection risks among women and girls. RGAs are conducted rapidly and in circumstances where resources are scarce. RGAs, and therefore OGRs, build on existing primary and secondary information in addition to collecting new primary data. Finally, both RGAs and OGRs aim to inform programming by providing operational recommendations to meet the different needs of women, men, girls and boys..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Pacific Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group, CARE International, UN Women, United Nations Population Fund via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-26
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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4.12 MB
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"The Asia Justice Coalition is a network of organizations whose purpose is to promote justice and accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law in Asia, and to contribute to the fulfillment of the rights of victims and their families.
As we are coming to the fourth year of the military coup in Myanmar and the seventh anniversary of the 2017 exodus of more than 730,000 Rohingya forced to flee from Rakhine State to Bangladesh during the Myanmar military’s so-called ‘clearance operations’, the atrocities committed against the Rohingya continue unabated. According to the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM), the past year has witnessed horrific levels of brutality and inhumanity across Myanmar, including crimes committed with an intent to punish and induce terror in the civilian population. The escalation of conflict in Rakhine State since November 2023, compounded by the international community’s inaction, is eerily reminiscent of the 2017 atrocity crimes committed against the Rohingya by the Myanmar military.
Situation in Myanmar
The Myanmar military has committed widespread and systematic human rights violations, including crimes against humanity and war crimes, across the country. Since the 2021 coup in Myanmar, more than 5,534 civilians have been killed by the Myanmar military, and over 27,226 people have been arbitrarily arrested and detained. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OHCHA), more than 3 million people have been internally displaced, and 18.6 million people are in urgent need of humanitarian aid. In continuation of its persistent patterns, the military junta routinely conducts raids, torches civilian properties, including schools and hospitals, and burns down homes. In defiance of international humanitarian law, the military has been conducting airstrikes, using anti-personnel landmines, and intentionally targeting and killing civilians, and causing the destruction of civilian property. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), in the first half of 2024, military airstrikes increased by 112% compared to the whole of 2023. On 10 February 2024, the military began enforcing the 2010 People’s Military Service Law, enabling the conscription of Burmese citizens, men ages 18 to 35 and women ages 18 to 27, as well as older professionals such as doctors and engineers, for up to two years and as long as five years in a State of Emergency.
The resumption of conflict in Rakhine State between the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army since November 2023 has resulted in a further and swifter deterioration of the situation. Intensified attacks between the two parties have disproportionately affected over 600,000 Rohingya living under de facto indefinite detention and apartheid-like conditions in Rakhine State. Despite denying the Rohingya citizenship in Myanmar, the military is forcefully recruiting the Rohingya to fight the Arakan Army with the use and threat of force, abductions, and kidnappings, and on the pretext of securing freedom of movement and the grant of citizenship. In furtherance of the military’s attempts to cause intercommunal strife, the Rohingya were also forced to protest against the Arakan Army with threats of repeat of 2017 military operations, the imposition of heavy fines, and the razing of villages. Similarly, the Arakan Army is forcibly recruiting and deploying the Rohingya against the military junta, effectively using them as human shields.
The Arakan Army has gained control of and strategically positioned itself around the majority of Rohingya villages in Rakhine State and has systematically conducted offensives against the Rohingya. The attacks include raiding and forcing the evacuation of Rohingya townships, such as Maungdaw and Buthidaung, killing and torturing civilians, shelling and conducting drone attacks, torching houses across the village, and other direct, indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks on civilians and civilian objects. The Rohingya continue to live with increasing restrictions on movement, arbitrary arrests and detention, access to education, healthcare, employment, food, water, sanitation, and the imposition of taxes, by both the military junta and the Arakan Army. The deliberate restriction on humanitarian aid to Rakhine State, the seizure of food and other goods, the attack, torching, and destruction of World Food Programme warehouses have resulted in a situation of famine and exacerbated the hardships of the Rohingya. Rohingya women and the LGBTQIA+ population in Rakhine State are at heightened risk of discrimination, exploitation, and sexual and gender-based violence by the Arakan Army as well as the military junta.
Situation in Bangladesh
The situation of the Rohingya in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazaar and Bhasan Char has worsened over the years. Over 1 million refugees continue to live with restrictions on movement, lack of access to adequate food, water, durable housing, education, livelihood, and health care. The dire situation within the camps has heightened the risks of human trafficking, forced marriages, and child labour and forced thousands of Rohingya to escape life in the camps by paying huge amounts to undertake precarious boat journeys on the sea.
The widespread operation of insurgent and armed groups, including the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Rohingya Solidarity Organisation, and others, has contributed to increased violence and insecurity in the refugee camps. Armed groups have killed, abducted, detained and tortured with impunity in the camps. Moreover, Rohingya refugees, especially boys and men, have been reportedly enticed, manipulated, and abducted from camps in Bangladesh to join organised armed groups or transferred to Myanmar to forcibly join the military junta. Bangladeshi officials, including the police, have failed to actively monitor, maintain peace and security, and provide protection to the Rohingya. The rising incidents of sexual abuse and exploitation of women, girls, and LGBTQIA+ persons within the camps, without any real redress, further reflect the absence of accountability. The renewed fighting between the military and the Arakan Army forced at least 4000 Rohingya in Rakhine to flee to the Bangladesh border, only to be beaten and pushed back by Bangladeshi officials in flagrant violation of international law.
International Accountability Efforts
The ongoing case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Gambia v. Myanmar pertains to Myanmar’s state responsibility under the Genocide Convention. Despite the provisional measures ordered by the ICJ for Myanmar to take all measures to prevent the commission of genocidal acts and to ensure that the military and security forces do not commit genocidal acts, the Myanmar military continues to commit atrocities against the Rohingya. On 3 July, the ICJ found that the interventions filed by seven states (the Maldives, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, the UK, France, and Germany) are admissible ‘in so far as they concern the construction of provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide’. Consequently, all seven states are authorised to submit their written observations in accordance with Article 86 of the Rules of Court.
Since 2019, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been investigating but has not yet made any significant progress concerning the arrest warrants in the situation. The ongoing ICC investigation is aimed at seeking individual criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity, such as deportation, persecution, and other inhuman acts, committed against the Rohingya population, at least in part on the territory of Bangladesh. However, in a welcome move, the Federal prosecutor in Argentina has sought international arrest warrants against 25 Myanmar officials, including Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Min Aung Hlaing, for the crime of genocide and crimes against humanity committed against the Rohingya community between 2012 and 2018. The case before the Federal Court in Buenos Aires is based on the principle of universal jurisdiction, initiated by the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK) in November 2019.
In July, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) issued a joint communiqué reaffirming its support for the Five-Point Consensus, despite the brazen disregard of the agreement by the Myanmar military and consistently undermining regional stability. The non-compliance of the military junta with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2669 (2022) and the failure of ASEAN to hold the military accountable show the limitations of the Five-Point Consensus framework and the incapacity of the regional bloc. The deferral of responsibility to ASEAN by the international community has emboldened the Myanmar military and resulted in accountability gaps. As per the recent report of UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar Tom Andrews, many banks based in ASEAN are facilitating the Myanmar military junta’s access to weapons and related materials, and thus contributing to and exacerbating the conflict.
The Asia Justice Coalition is deeply concerned and condemns the indifference of the international community to the worsening situation of the Rohingya and other civilians in Rakhine State. It calls upon:
All parties to the conflict to immediately end the ongoing attacks and military operations across the country, including by ceasing all violations of international law against Rohingya and other minorities.
The military junta to facilitate safe, rapid, and unimpeded humanitarian access.
The new interim government of Bangladesh to provide increased protection and security to the Rohingya and investigate and prosecute security officials responsible for rights violations against the Rohingya.
The Bangladesh interim government to end restrictions in the refugee camps and provide Rohingya freedom of movement and access to education, livelihood, and health services.
ASEAN to overhaul the Five-Point Consensus and set a concrete and timebound action plan, block Myanmar from all its meetings, and impose financial sanctions, and an arms embargo against Myanmar.
The UN Security Council to hold a public session on the situation in Myanmar, impose targeted economic sanctions on the military and affiliates, and a binding global arms embargo, including on transfers of jet fuel and dual-use technology, and refer the situation to the ICC.
The UN member states and regional bodies to impose targeted sanctions, stop the supply and transfer of arms to the Myanmar military, and ensure effective implementation and prosecution of sanction breaches under their respective domestic laws.
UN member states to fully cooperate with and provide access to theIndependent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM) to undertake its mandated activities, including facilitating secure access to victims and witnesses.
Neighbouring countries, including India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Bangladesh, to devise a comprehensive regional response to the refugee crisis, provide protection, support, and humanitarian aid to all refugees fleeing Myanmar, observing the principle of non-refoulement, and authorize and fund emergency cross-border aid to civilians, including internally displaced people in Myanmar.
All countries to use all avenues and diplomatic channels at their disposal in pursuit of justice and accountability for the people of Myanmar, including civil and criminal legal actions based on the principle of universal and extraterritorial jurisdiction..."
Source/publisher:
Amnesty International, Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK, Centre for Policy Alternatives, Fortify Rights, Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Human Rights Watch, International Commission of Jurists, Legal Action Worldwide
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-22
[field_licence]
Type:
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Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first)
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"WHO South-East Asia Region:
The Immunization and Vaccine Development (IVD) unit of the Department of Communicable Diseases of the World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO), has been producing the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) factsheets for all Member States of the South-East Asia (SEA) Region and the Region annually. The primary data sources of the EPI factsheet are the WHO-UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF) and the SEA Region annual EPI reporting form (AERF), in which each country officially reports EPI and vaccine preventable diseases related core information annually. The EPI factsheets 2024 are based on 2023 data reported to WHO SEARO by Member States..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-21
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"This epidemiological bulletin aims to provide the situation of key infectious diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region to inform risk assessments and responses. The bulletin uses information from publicly available sources and will be published every two weeks. For feedback or suggestions, please write to [email protected].
Key events and updates
Upsurge of mpox as a public health emergency of international concern
Key messages
WHO Director-General has determined that the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and a growing number of countries in Africa constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), concurring with the advice offered by the International Health Regulations (IHR)(2005) Emergency Committee.
The detection and rapid spread of a new strain of mpox (Clade 1b) in eastern DRC, its detection in neighboring countries that had not previously reported mpox, and the potential for further spread within Africa and beyond are the major concerns. Situation overview (as of 17 August 2024)
Growing outbreaks in the DRC: Since the beginning of this year, the DRC has been experiencing a severe outbreak of mpox, with more than 15 600 reported suspected (clinically compatible) cases and 537 related deaths.
This represents a 160% increase from the same period last year in DRC.
The increased case reporting is driven by two concomitant outbreaks, including (1) outbreaks in historically endemic parts of the DRC, affecting primarily children, and (2) a rapidly expanding outbreak of a new strain of MPXV clade I (clade Ib) which appears to be spreading predominantly through sexual networks, expanding geographically in DRC’s eastern provinces, and affecting neighboring countries.
New countries affected in Africa: Four countries neighboring the DRC reported their first mpox cases in the past one month: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. In total, 12 countries in Africa have reported mpox this year, with 9 countries with active outbreaks.
New virus strain behind recent cases: The current outbreak in the Eastern DRC is triggered by a new variant of the Clade I, called clade Ib.
Clade I (Clade Ia) has been historically circulated in DFC, while Clade II was responsible for the global outbreak that began in 2022.
Clade I is known to cause more severe disease than clade II. It is unknown if the two clade I variants, clade Ia and Ib, differ in disease severity.
Clade Ib is spreading among people, driven by sexual contact but also involving other type of contact.
Clade Ib has now been detected in countries in East and Central Africa (i.e. DRC, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda) and Sweden.
There are many scientific uncertainties and evidence gaps (e.g., modes of disease transmission, transmission dynamics, risk factors, and disease severity associated with the different mpox virus clades).
Continued spread of mpox globally: mpox remains a global public health concern, with cases and outbreaks still being reported worldwide. In June 2024, 26 countries reported over 930 cases and 4 deaths globally. Please see regular mpox section where mpox situation in WHO South-East Asia Region is summarized.
The first case of the mpox Clade Ib outside Africa: On August 15, the Public Health Agency of Sweden reported the first case of the mpox Clade Ib outside Africa.
The infected individual has travel history to Central Africa, where a mpox outbreak is ongoing..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-21
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"Primary country: Myanmar.....Source: World Health Organization.....Format: News and Press Release.....Theme: Health.....Disaster type: Epidemic.....Language
English..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-20
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"18.6 million people:
Across Myanmar, 18.6 million people are struggling to meet their basic needs—including access to medical care. The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is rapidly deteriorating, and yet the international community is crippled by inaction, their attention elsewhere.
As a humanitarian, I have witnessed crises in Africa and the Middle East, driven by conflicts and large-scale displacements. However, my recent visit to Myanmar has given me an eye-opening insight into its fast-unfolding humanitarian crisis. Due to the escalating civil war, large swaths of the country are in chaos today, a third of the population in desperate need of urgent humanitarian aid. Three million have been forcibly displaced in search of safety from the violence. As one citizen has put it to Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), “Thousands tried to evacuate but many were killed or wounded. The violence is still ongoing.” Early this August, our teams in Bangladesh received escalating numbers of wounded Rohingya people, 40% of them women and children, who were again forced to flee Myanmar because of the violence.
MSF has been working in Myanmar for over 30 years providing medical humanitarian assistance from basic healthcare to HIV treatment to mental care. Following the 2021 military takeover, our teams on the ground have witnessed the intensifying conflicts impacting public health after thousands of medical professionals left their jobs. Widespread insecurity and violence, and administrative barriers have hampered the delivery of supplies and humanitarian access, further limiting the availability of healthcare in the country.
In Myanmar’s largest city of Yangon, MSF supports what has now become the country’s only functioning tuberculosis (TB) hospital, where almost 50% of the country’s patients with drug-resistant TB receive care. However, restrictions on humanitarian aid set by the authorities have had a serious impact on the hospital’s capacity to operate as before. Some hospital wards have been closed and equipment has not been replaced. MSF is also concerned about the TB / HIV patients in northern Shan and Kachin who have been handed over to the national TB program as any interruption of their treatment may result in resistance and/or deterioration of their conditions.
In Yangon, I met MSF volunteers from the ethnic Rohingya community who had traveled on foot for days, to escape the escalating violence in Buthidaung, Rakhine State. Civilians are caught in the middle of the conflict, hit by stray bullets and targeted/indiscriminate attacks, with their houses and belongings destroyed by widespread fires. Many of them have had to repeatedly flee while men feared forced recruitment from all sides of the warring parties. As of 10 August 2024, MSF teams in Bangladesh treated 50 war-wounded Rohingya, of whom 18 children, arriving from Myanmar. The spike in number of violence-related injuries, including mortar shell injuries and gunshot wounds, indicates the worsening humanitarian crisis in Rakhine.
The escalation of violence in Rakhine, Kachin, and Shan States since late 2023 has severely affected MSF’s medical activities. Our office and pharmacy in Buthidaung, Rakhine, was burnt down in April — along with the life-saving drugs inside. The breakdown of a year-long ceasefire brokered in November 2022 has led to drastic reduction in MSF’s monthly outpatient consultations in Rakhine, plummeting from 6,684 in September 2023 to just 81 in March 2024. We have also been alerted by increasing maternal and neonatal deaths since 2023, signifying multiple healthcare barriers.
As with many other humanitarian organisations, it has just been impossible for MSF to provide essential healthcare to the people in areas controlled by ethnic armed groups due to movement restrictions set by the authorities.
MSF used to run 25 mobile clinics in Rakhine, but these activities have been largely suspended for 8 months because of the conflict. When I visited Sittwe, MSF teams had just received travel authorisation to at least one area, having been able to reach some patients. Hundreds, including pregnant women from both the Rohingya and Rakhine communities, came to our clinics seeking essential healthcare. The resumption of this activity addresses only a small fraction of the enormous medical needs. Yet unmet are the greater medical and humanitarian needs in other parts of Rakhine and the country.
MSF observes neutrality and impartiality in the name of universal medical ethics and the right to humanitarian assistance. We aim for full and unhindered access in the provision of much needed medical care. But how do we hold fast to our principles while reaching those who need our help the most in Myanmar?
The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is more serious than ever. Persistent diplomatic efforts by Japan, Australia, China, India, as well as Thailand and other ASEAN countries are indispensable to enable humanitarian organisations regain access to those in need. Furthermore, all parties involved in the conflict must protect civilians and medical facilities. The suffering of the people of Myanmar, where over 18 million are unable to meet even their basic needs including access to medical care, should not be neglected.
This blog was written as part of a partnership between the Development Policy Centre with Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF) Australia. MSF provides medical assistance to people affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or exclusion from healthcare. Their actions are guided by medical ethics and the principles of impartiality, independence and neutrality. MSF Australia does not receive public institutional funding..."
Source/publisher:
Australian National University
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-19
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"OVERVIEW
The humanitarian crisis in Myanmar worsened significantly in the second quarter of 2024 due to escalating armed conflict, small-scale natural hazards, and overall economic and political instability. Millions of people faced severe vulnerabilities, often exacerbated by displacement, acute food insecurity, and restricted access to essential services. Between April and June 2024, intensified clashes in Kachin, northern Shan and Rakhine led to new waves of displacement. By the end of the second quarter, a total of 3.2 million people were displaced from their homes, marking an increase of more than 320,000 compared to the first quarter of this year. Many of the newly displaced people were forced to seek refuge in temporary shelters and informal camps. Access to education, health, and other essential services remained severely restricted in conflict-affected and remote areas, with ongoing school closures and overwhelmed health facilities of particular concern. Protection concerns continued to grow across the country, with increasing reports of landmine and explosive ordnance incidents, premature returns, confiscation of civilian assets, and the threat of forced recruitment.
Humanitarian operations faced formidable challenges. A total of 323 access incidents were reported by various organizations between April and June, including but not limited to military operations and armed activities, administrative restrictions and violence and threats against humanitarian personnel, assets and facilities. Transportation infrastructure in poor condition, damaged or destroyed further complicated access to affected communities.
Despite these obstacles, the humanitarian community remained steadfast in its efforts to ensure support reached affected people. Through innovative approaches and enhanced coordination, aid delivery persisted, reaching more than 2.1 million people in the first half year of 2024, or roughly 40 per cent of those targeted for humanitarian assistance in the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP). This marks a significant increase from the first quarter, when only 18 per cent was reached, effectively doubling the impact within just one quarter. However, this reach falls short of..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-19
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Overview:
Yangon:
• According to the ministerial authorities for health, a total of 2,261 hospitalized cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) and 161 hospitalized cases of AWD cases with severe dehydration were reported from 44 townships of Yangon region as of 8 Aug 2024. Among them, 15 cases have died, but cause of deaths is unknown. Cholera infection is confirmed in some of those AWD cases.
• Until 23 July 2024, ministerial authorities for health had publicly shared the daily number of new AWD cases with or without severe hydration (Figure 1).
• Most affected townships were Thaketa, Hlaingtharyar, Botahtaung, Dawbon, and Thingangyun...."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-16
[field_licence]
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"This independent update, covering humanitarian developments up to 15 August, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued in September 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
• Persisting conflict is widespread across the country with a deteriorating situation in northern Shan, Mandalay Region and Rakhine State, driving new displacement.
• Since the end of June, torrential monsoon rains and overflow of various rivers have submerged several states and regions, exacerbating already severe humanitarian needs and affecting an estimated 393,000 people.
• Countrywide, an estimated 3 million people are internally displaced, with many of the newly displaced living without proper shelter amid the monsoon season.
• Conflict continues to intensify in Rakhine State, with a surge in casualties and displacement in Maungdaw Township and reports of increasing people crossing into Bangladesh.
• In northern Shan, a resurgence of fighting since late June, including the reported capture of Lashio, has displaced an estimated 33,000 people from four townships, with civilian casualties and the destruction of numerous homes and structures.
• In Mandalay Region, an escalation of conflict has forced thousands of people to flee their homes from townships north of Mandalay City.
• Humanitarians are working to deliver assistance amid formidable challenges, with increasing violence, restrictions imposed by parties to the conflict, disruptions in telecommunications and internet services, and severe underfunding.
• During the first half of 2024, 2.1 million people were reached with some type of humanitarian assistance across the country out of 5.3 million people targeted, including 1.2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs).
• Eight months into the year, the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) remains critically underfunded, with only 21.1 per cent of required funding received, according to the Financial Tracking Service. More resources are urgently needed to enable humanitarian partners to respond at-scale to expanding needs...."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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590.46 KB
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Description:
"Sources: CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees.....Format
Infographic..."
Source/publisher:
CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-12
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
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"What happened, where and when? The monsoon rains in Myanmar have led to severe flooding in multiple rivers and waterways throughout the country. The Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS) has been responding since the start of the floods in the northern part of the country on 30 June 2024. Due to the ongoing flooding in all of the main rivers and several smaller waterways and tributaries throughout the country, the MRCS’s capacities have been overwhelmed and now require additional support.
On 30 June 2024, heavy rainfall began affecting northern Myanmar, particularly Kachin State, leading to floods and river overflows, notably in the Ayeyarwady River. This resulted in population displacement and damage, impacting an estimated 45 wards and 29 villages in Kachin State.
On 1 July 2024, the MRCS national Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) received limited information from the MRCS Kachin branch. That day’s report (9:30 AM) indicated that the Ayeyarwady River water level in Myitkyina had risen above the danger level by more than four feet (about 122 cm) and continued to rise at about three inches (7.6 cm) per hour. The water level reached 1.3 metres (4.2 feet) above the danger mark within 12 hours. Low-lying areas in Myitkyina were flooded, and displaced families from the Lekon neighbourhood, who had relocated due to violence and conflict, faced compounded challenges.
On 7 July 2024, the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) reported significant rises in the water levels in additional locations in the country. This included ongoing increases of water levels in the Ayeyarwady and Chindwin Rivers and the Nant Yin Chaung and Nant Kaung Chaung Rivers at critical levels. Residents of several townships in Kachin, Mandalay, and Sagaing regions were advised to take extra precautions.
By 11 July 2024, floods affected several townships in the Magway region, Mandalay region, and townships in northern Shan State. The Department of Disaster Management (DDM) of the Ministry of Social Welfare reported that at least 31,000 people were evacuated due to floods in Kachin State and the Sagaing, Magway, and Mandalay regions. The floods led to the death of at least one child in Hkamti, Sagaing, and five people in Myitkyina, Kachin. However, another source reported no flood-related deaths and injuries. Discrepancies in reporting may be due to significant access challenges caused by ongoing flooding, rainfall, and pre-existing violence and conflict.
On 25 July 2024, the DMH issued flood advisories for several regions in lower Myanmar in response to rising water levels moving downstream. The affected areas include Kayin state, Mon state, Bago state, and Ayeyarwady region.
As of late July 2024, Sagaing and Magway regions are experiencing severe flooding due to the overflow of the Chindwin and Ayeyarwady Rivers. Heavy rainfall in central Myanmar has exacerbated the situation, causing widespread damage to agricultural lands and displacing residents. As of 1 August, river levels were still on the rise, posing a significant threat to communities living along the banks of multiple waterways in central and lower Myanmar.
The water levels in major rivers such as the Ayeyarwady, Sittoung, Thanlwin, Bilin, Shwegyin, Ngawun, and Bago have surpassed danger thresholds and causing extensive flooding across multiple regions in lower Myanmar.
On 29 July 2024, surges of the Hlaing and Bawlae Rivers in the Yangon region caused significant flooding in Taikkyi and Kungyangon townships, which are located in the far north and south, respectively of the region. Approximately 3,000 residents from 640 households in three village tracts in Taikkyi township have been affected. In Kungyangon township, over 9,000 people from 29 villages have been evacuated to the Sasana Hitakayi Monastery, according to reports from MITV.
Due to ongoing monsoon rains, widespread flooding continues to be reported at different locations along the main rivers, affecting the Ayeyarwady delta, Rakhine, Mon, Tanintharyi coastal areas, and regions including Yangon and Bago. This situation is exacerbated by Typhoon Gaemi, which struck Taiwan with wind speeds of 127 mph on 25 July. The residual clouds from the typhoon moved towards Myanmar, Thailand, and China, potentially generating further flooding and heavy rainfall in these regions..."
Source/publisher:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-10
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"During the second quarter of 2024, the Health Cluster reached 198,168 individuals who received essential health services, representing 7.27 percent of the HNRP target. A total of 216 998 patients have received primary health care services.
Additionally, 42 patients have received trauma care services and 14 181 maternal and child health care services have been provided. In terms of financial assistance, 5 585 patients have been given cash assistance. Furthermore, 3 522 individuals have received basic psychosocial support, and 75 712 people have participated in awareness-raising sessions. Lastly, 4 439 units of medicine have been donated as part of medical support efforts.
Having recent intensified armed conflicts and deteriorating security conditions, our partners in Northern Shan State have made the difficult decision to relocate their personnel to more secure areas and suspend their activities temporarily. Some partners are still trying to operate minimally with the resources they have in certain areas. In response to the increasing incidence of acute watery diarrhea, health partners have provided their health assistance to the Rakhine and Chin states, limitedly to the operational capacity and to access challenges in these locations. Due to constraints in local procurement, transportation challenges, and limited funding, there are considerable gaps in the availability of medicine and medical supplies in most of the areas in the country.
In May 2024, the Myanmar Health Cluster hosted a workshop dedicated to monsoon preparedness, where discussions centered around infectious and environmental risks, as well as risk communication and community engagement during disaster emergencies. Key health knowledge can be found at https://themimu.info/emergencies/health-cluster . The purpose of the workshop is to enhance the Myanmar Health Cluster Capacity for the monsoon season focusing on communicable diseases and risk communication and community engagement.
Following this, in June 2024, the Health Cluster held a workshop on Accountability to Affected Populations, aimed at ensuring accountability and protection for those in need of humanitarian health assistance through an inclusive and participatory method..."
Source/publisher:
Health Cluster and World Health Organization via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-09
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"This epidemiological bulletin aims to provide the situation of key infectious diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region to inform risk assessments and responses. The bulletin uses information from publicly available sources and will be published every two weeks. For feedback or suggestions, please write to [email protected].
Key events and updates
India: Chandipura virus infection
Situation overview (as of 1 August 2024)
Since early June 2024, cases of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) have been reported in children under 15 years of age in Gujarat.
On 1 August 2024, an official press release stated that there have been 148 AES cases including 59 deaths as of 31 July.
Of 148 AES cases:
140 were reported in 24 districts in Gujarat, 4 in Madhya Pradesh, 3 in Rajasthan, and 1 in Maharashtra.
Chandipura virus infection has been confirmed in 51 cases.
Of these, 48 were reported in Gujarat, 2 in Rajasthan, and 1 in Maharashtra. Public health response
Gujarat state has implemented several public health measures including insecticidal spray for vector control, information, education, and communication activities, sensitization of medical personnel and timely referral of cases to designated facilities.
A National Joint Outbreak Response Team (NJORT) has been deployed to assist the Gujarat State Government.
A joint advisory from National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) and National Center for Vector-borne Disease Control (NCVBDC) is being issued to guide the neighboring States reporting AES cases.
India: Zika virus disease
Situation overview (as of 6 August 2024)
According to an official Union Health Ministry press release published on 1 August, 13 cases of Zika virus disease have been reported nationwide as of 22 July. Cases are in Maharashtra (10 cases) and Karnataka (3 cases).
In Pune district (Maharashtra), the District Health Department reported 72 cases of Zika as of 5 August.
An informal medial article indicated that Zika virus has been detected in mosquito pools and larvae samples in Pashan, Erandwane, and Mundhwa. Authorities are working to contain mosquito breeding within a 5- kilometer radius of the affected area.
The Government of India has formulated an ‘Action Plan for managing Zika Virus Disease’. The plan provides detailed guidance on various public health actions that need to be taken in response to the disease outbreak.
Myanmar: Acute Watery Diarrhea
Situation overview (as of 4 August 2024)
On 7 July, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar reported through its press release outbreak of acute watery diarrhea had started in Yangon region in early June.
Since late June, severe diarrhea cases have been admitted to hospitals in some townships in the eastern district of Yangon, including Thaketa Township.
As of 23 July 2024, a total of 1 645 cases were hospitalized with AWD, of which 269 had severe dehydration.
WHO is supporting the response to the outbreak in collaboration with partners..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-09
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public Health, World Health Organisation (WHO)
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1.82 MB
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"Format: Infographic..."
Source/publisher:
CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-05
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"This Rapid Market Assessment (RMA) is a suppliment to the MAU Market Price Report in South Sagaing Region. It provides township-level data on market functionality, activity, supply, and logistics. Data were collected through observation and KIIs with retailers during June 21-30, 2024. Reports available at www.themimu.info/market-analysis-unit....
KEY FINDINGS.....
Market operations were stable in June, and threeof-five markets were described as relatively safe;
Retail activity grew in Monywa and Yinmarbin, but activity declined in Shwebo where security was poor;
Supply remained quite poor in some markets, particularly Monywa and Yinmarbin;
Supply of NFIs remained poorer than for foods, and supply of shelter and hygiene NFIs worsened in cases;
Shipping costs rose 7% in Ye-U, althought shipping costs and lead-times were fairly stable elsewhere;
Retail challenges grew considerably in Myaung, while Shwebo retailers reported the most challenges.
Regional Overview
Market Functionality - Security was poor in/around the Myaung and Shwebo markets, but operations were stable. Market operations and security were stable in June, with consistent market hours and no reports of new damage or closures. Observers described three-offive markets monitored as relatively safe.
Market Activity - Market activity was fairly stable, although it grew slightly in Monywa and Yinmarbin. Stable market conditions were accompanied by modest increases in customer and retailer activity in Monywa and Yinmarbin. Retail activity declined slightly in Shwebo where security was poor, but elsewhere it was stable.
Availability of Goods - Supply was mostly unchanged in June, and it remained very poor in Monywa and Yinmarbin. Supply of shelter NFIs worsened in Myaung and Shwebo in June, and supply of essential foods declined in Monywa. In general, supply of foods was better than for NFIs, and shelter and hygiene NFIs were most needed in the region.
Transport & Logistics - Shipping costs rose in twoof-five markets, but lead-times were stable. Shipping costs rose 7% in Ye-U and retailers said they rose in Monywa as well, but they were stable in three other markets. Supply lead-times ranged from two days to ten days, depending on the market, and they were largely unchanged since May. All markets monitored allowed cross-township movement of goods, but transportation remained difficult. Monywa, Mandalay, and Yangon were common sources of supply for markets in the region.
Retailer Challenges - Retail challenges grew in Myaung in June, yet they continued to be most severe in Shwebo. Retailers grew increasingly concerned about safety/security in June, particularly in Myaung, Shwebo, and Yinmarbin. Concerns related to poor cash access also grew in June, and this was a significant challenge for retailers in four-of-five markets monitored. Ye-U retailers reported the fewest difficulties related to retail, and inventory/market damage was not a major concern in any of the markets monitored..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-30
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""It happened so quickly. When I came back home from work, my home was already submerged. The water level was increasing inch by inch. I could bring nothing from my home. My child and I were sick due to the freezing water. Our lives are already difficult due to the armed conflict. I felt desperate. I need help. Not later, but now," Lu Ja, a woman from the flood-affected community, said.
In the wake of flash floods in Kachin state, the people in the community were confronted with loss and displacement. Homes and streets were submerged, and communications & transportation were interrupted.
The floods, caused by heavy rains in northern Kachin, led to the overflowing of the Irrawaddy River, resulting in a flash flood that caused extensive damage to several townships, including Myitkyina and Waing Maw. According to the UN’s Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA), more than 29,000 people in both townships were affected, including 300 pregnant and lactating women. Many people, including women and children, became ill due to exposure to the cold waters, and families were forced to leave their homes with only the clothes on their backs in search of proper shelter, food and health services.
In this emergency situation, UNFPA is working closely with local partners to provide essential assistance and restore the dignity of those affected. Despite the many communications challenges, UNFPA field teams immediately approached its partners to assess and enhance their safety and operational capacity and to plan the emergency response. In Myitkyina, one of the areas most affected by the flash floods, UNFPA, in partnership with the Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) and other partner organisations, provided emergency support to 322 individuals, including women and girls, within 72 hours of the flooding. This rapid response involved setting up mobile clinics in affected areas to provide primary health care, antenatal care, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), as well as distributing Dignity Kits and Clean Delivery Kits for women.
Aye Aye Thein, a pregnant woman whose home was completely submerged, received immediate medical assistance from one of the mobile health teams and was swiftly referred to a hospital for safe delivery. Holding her newborn baby close, she said, "I have no idea what would have happened if the mobile health team hadn't been there. With my pregnancy due for delivery soon, I felt helpless at the evacuation site. However, the response team led by UNFPA came and helped me immediately, referring me to the hospital for delivery. They saved our lives; my life and my baby's life. Despite losing our personal belongings to the flood, the Dignity Kit they provided gave me some of the essentials to care for myself and my child. I am really grateful for the support.”
Shing Ceing, a staff member of the UNFPA implementing partners in Kachin, said, “Every single support and service we provide is needed by the affected community. I still remember one of the women at the IDP camp. She delivered her baby two weeks ahead of the flood. When we met her at the evacuation site, she was helpless with her baby. Her husband had just passed away while he was helping others during the flood. Besides providing medical care and dignity kits, we also gave her mental health and psychosocial support, which was very critical in such a traumatic experience.”
A touching moment took place when a pregnant woman at an evacuation site, where she had sought help, expressed her gratitude. She was wearing a longyi provided in the Dignity Kit and said, "I had nothing dry to wear, but thanks to this kit, I got what I needed for my hygiene and can now return home with the basics to look after myself."
The flood disrupted community support systems and access to essential health and protection services for women and girls, including antenatal care and gender-based violence services. Among the flood-affected population, women and girls in the internally displaced (IDP) camps suffered the most. The situation in these IDP camps is particularly dire; they are not only grappling with the aftermath of the floods but also ongoing conflict. Kham Mo, a mother of three, shared her relief, "The floods took everything. This Dignity Kit helps me feel human again. It has what I need to take care of myself and my daughters."
"I am in my 9th month of pregnancy. When the flood hit our camp, I felt desperate. I was frightened as I crossed the water to reach higher ground. Many people at the camp, including women and children, were sick and needed immediate healthcare. Even in normal times, it's difficult for us to access healthcare near the camp. Now, I'm so happy that the mobile health team delivered health care and provided cash assistance for referral to the hospital for delivery. They give me hope and strength.”
Among the affected population by the flood are humanitarian actors working on the ground. Their homes and offices were also submerged, and their families were displaced. Despite their losses and confusion due to the flood, they helped others and prioritized the needs of their communities. As one staff member from a UNFPA partner organizations said, “Helping others in this time of need gave me strength and purpose.”
Due to the impact of the flood, there is an urgent need for healthcare in affected communities. Common issues include skin infections, fever, diarrhoea, and mental health-related problems. Pregnant women require heightened antenatal care. As a medical doctor from one of the UNFPA’s partner organizations in Kachin put it, while he was grappling with the massive damage to his own home “The flood hit us swiftly when people were not ready. Affected people in the community were waiting for healthcare, including those who needed urgent assistance. Seeing the gratitude in the eyes of the women and girls we help makes all the hardships worth it. We are all in this together, and that keeps me going.”
UNFPA distributed some dignity kits to staff from partner organisations and their families affected by the floods, ensuring that those who were helping others were also cared for.
The critical need to ensure lifesaving support for vulnerable populations, particularly women, girls, and pregnant women, during emergencies cannot be overstated. Providing such support is vital to prevent further health complications and to save the life and the dignity of those affected. The collaboration between UNFPA and partners in Kachin strengthened the effectiveness of the coordinated humanitarian response in delivering timely and efficient assistance to the affected areas.
Since the flooding started, UNFPA and partner organizations, have delivered crucial assistance to women impacted by the flood in Myitkyina and Waing Maw townships. This aid encompasses antenatal care for over 70 pregnant women, referral assistance for over 30 individuals, and primary health care consultations for more than 1,000 individuals from affected communities. Additionally, over 500 Dignity Kits and over 200 Clean Delivery Kits for women and girls have been distributed.
This collaborative response of UNFPA and partners has delivered essential services and restored the dignity and hope of the people affected in Kachin. It served as a powerful example of how coordination at local, community level can make a real difference in times of disaster, providing crucial support to those who need it most..."
Source/publisher:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-26
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"This epidemiological bulletin aims to provide the situation of key infectious diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region to inform risk assessments and responses. The bulletin uses information from publicly available sources and will be published every two weeks. For feedback or suggestions, please write to [email protected].
Key events and updates
India: Nipah virus infection
Situation overview (as of 21 July 2024)
• On 21 July, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) of India and Kerala State authority issued press releases regarding a Nipah virus case in Kerala state.
A 14-year-old boy from Mallapuram exhibited Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) symptoms and was admitted to a healthcare facility. However, the patient later succumbed to the disease. The samples were sent to the National Institute for Virology (NIV) in Pune, where Nipah virus infection was confirmed.
The MoHFW had advised the following immediate public health measures to be taken by the State government:
Active case search in the family of the confirmed case, the neighborhood, and areas with similar topography.
Active contact tracing (for any contacts) for the previous 12 days.
Strict quarantine of the contacts of the case and isolation of any suspects.
Collection and transportation of samples for laboratory testing.
State health authorities highlighted that Kerala has taken timely measures to address Nipah virus infections.
As of 23 July, 17 individuals were tested negative for Nipah, which included six friends who had direct contact with the 14-year-old Nipah case, and a 68-year-old symptomatic person who had no direct contact.
The NIV’s mobile laboratory had arrived in in Kozhikode and started functioning for Nipah testing.
As of 23 July, 460 people are in the contact list. Of these, 142 are health workers, and 101 are considered highrisk, and 19 individuals on the contact list are admitted to hospitals for treatment.
No symptoms have been reported among the close contacts of the case (family members).
Psychological support has been provided for those in the contact list, with 329 people supported through the call center.
More than 18 000 houses in Pandikkad and Anakayath were visited to identify cases with fever.
Online classes are being held in schools in Nipah-affected areas.
WHO resources on Nipah Virus Infection
Nipah virus infection https://www.who.int/health-topics/nipah-virus-infection#tab=tab_1
WHO South-East Asia Regional Strategy for the prevention and control of Nipah virus infection 2023–2030 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789290210849
Technical Brief: Enhancing readiness for a Nipah virus event in countries not reporting a Nipah virus event https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789290211273
India: Chandipura virus
Situation overview
On 20 July 2024, the MOHFW of India5 published a press release reporting Chandipura virus (CHPV) cases and deaths.
Since early June 2024, cases of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) have been reported in children under 15 years of age in the state of Gujarat.
As of 20 July 2024, a total of 78 AES cases have been reported, with 75 from 21 districts/corporations in Gujarat, 2 from Rajasthan, and 1 from Madhya Pradesh. Of these, 28 cases have resulted in death.
Among the 76 samples tested at the NIV in Pune, nine have been confirmed positive for Chandipura Virus (CHPV). All nine CHPV-positive cases and five associated deaths are from Gujarat.
On 24 July 2024, unverified media6 reported a total of 101 AES cases including 38 deaths in Gujarat state. >- The statewide fumigation and sanitation drive has covered 4,160,000 houses with mud walls. Insecticides have been sprayed in over 62,000 homes.
Myanmar: Acute Watery Diarrhea
Situation overview
On 7 July, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar reported through its press release outbreak of acute watery diarrhea had started in Yangon region in early June.
Since late June, severe diarrhea cases have been admitted to hospitals in some townships in the eastern district of Yangon, including Thaketa Township.
As of 22 July 2024, a total of 1 141 acute watery diarrhea cases were hospitalized and 139 severe diarrhea patients including one death were reported.
Efforts are ongoing and being intensified to control the disease in Yangon Region.
Management of Acute Severe Gastroenteritis (Clinically suspected Cholera) (July 2024) was published by Ministry of Health.
Bangladesh (Cox’s Bazar): Acute Watery Diarrhea/Cholera
Situation overview
From 23 June to 23 July 2024, 76 rapid diagnostic test-positive acute watery diarrhea (AWD) / suspected cholera cases were detected and reported in Cox’s Bazar, of which 65 were culture-positive for cholera.
No confirmed cholera fatalities have been reported since the upsurge began in epidemiological week 26.
Majority of culture-confirmed cholera cases have been reported from Rohingya Refugee Camps, while a few cases are from the surrounding host Bangladesh population.
The Multi-sectoral Health and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Response Team is investigating and responding to the outbreak in all affected camps.
Bangladesh: Civil unrest
Situation overview
During the week starting on 15 July 2024, several protests took place within the capital of Bangladesh resulting in deaths and thousands of injured individuals. Additionally, protests took place nationwide as civil unrest escalated throughout the week.
According to informal media reports, there have been at least 173 deaths as of 23 July 2024. No protests were reported on Monday 22 July.
A government curfew took effect at midnight on 20 July and two public holidays were declared due to the situation in the country..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-26
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"This Rapid Market Assessment (RMA) is a suppliment to the MAU Market Price Report in Southeast Myanmar. It provides township-level data on market functionality, activity, supply, and logistics. Data were collected through observation and KIIs with retailers during June 21-26, 2024. Reports available at www.themimu.info/market-analysis-unit.
KEY FINDINGS
• Market security was poor in all four markets, yet operations were stable and closures were rare;
• Retail shifted a bit to Loikaw and Hsihseng towns, but business there was difficult and security poor;
• Shipping goods to towns was costly, although lead-times were slightly better than in villages;
• Supply of food and NFIs was fairly stable despite rising shipping costs;
• Loikaw Town market lacked many essential foods, and only rice was consistently available;
• Town markets faced numerous retail challenges, particularly related to security and cash access.
Regional Overview
Market Functionality - Market operations were stable and most functioned all day, yet most were unsafe. Market hours were generally stable, although Hsihseng retailers extended hours to counterbalance reduced customer activity. There was no reported market damage, but all four markets were considered unsafe and closures occasionally occured. Retail activity in Hsihseng and Loikaw towns grew slightly in June.
Market Activity - Market activity in Hsihseng and Loikaw shifted further from villages to towns in June. Customers returned to Hsihseng and Loikaw town markets for a second month in June, although activity remained low overall. Customer and retailer activity was stable in Demoso and Pekon. Inter-township commerce continued, although it was limited in Hsihseng.
Availability of Goods - Supply was unchanged in June, and it remained poorer for NFIs than for foods. Supply of meat/fish and vegetables was slightly better than other goods, and availability of medicines was poorest. Supply remained poorest in Loikaw, although supply there improved slightly as more retailers operated in/near a new market area established in the town.
Transport & Logistics - Shipping costs continued to rise across markets in June. Shipping lead-times were slightly shorter for town retailers than for village retailers, and lead times grew even longer for retailers in Demoso. Shipping goods across townships lines remained possible in June, although doing so was still very difficult and costly.
Retailer Challenges - Retailers in Loikaw and Hsihseng towns reported many challenges in June. Poor transportation and supply were difficult across the region in June, although retailers in Hsihseng and Loikaw towns reported a broader and deeper suite of challenges. For example, poor safety/security and poor access to cash were more prominent among retailers in these towns than among retailers in the village markets. Market-related damage was not a major challenge reported by retailers in June..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-19
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"Overview
Violence and displacement continue to ripple across Myanmar. Over 1.6 million people have been displaced since the escalation of fighting in October 2023, forcing some to seek safety in neighbouring countries. The situation in Rakhine State remains deeply concerning, with access restrictions driving up the cost of basic items and exacerbating hardships. In Rakhine State (North), the seizure of food and other goods, along with the destruction of WFP and ICRC warehouses, undermined the delivery of assistance to those in need. In Kachin State, conflict approached within 6 km of the capital, Myitkyina. Similarly, in Lashio, the capital of Shan State (North), fighting displaced thousands of people, mostly to the south. Shan State (South) experienced increased fighting near its border with Kayah State, causing more people to flee to safer areas like Nyangshwe Township. In Pekon Township, Shan State (South), diarrhea outbreaks at a displacement site were reported with cases likely to increase into the monsoon season. The State Administration Council continues to restrict the use of virtual private networks on smartphones, leading to phone inspections and extortion in Yangon, Mandalay, Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Magway regions.
In Thailand, as of 1 July, no refugees remain in the Temporary Safety Areas (TSAs).
Since February 2021, about 66,100 people from Myanmar’s north-west region have sought protec-tion in India, with 7,150 people registering with UNHCR in New Delhi. On 11 June, Manipur’s Chief Minister announced the phased deportation of nearly 40 Myanmar nationals via the Moreh check post. The State government reportedly deported 38 “illegal immigrants” on 2 May, bringing the total to 76 deportations so far. UNHCR continues to raise its concerns to Indian authorities over these developments with respect to the principle of non-refoulement in view of the volatile security situation in Myanmar. On 18 June, India's Permanent Mission in Geneva expressed concerns about Myanmar nationals crossing into India's northeastern states and related transnational crimes. He also reiterated India’s support for ASEAN's efforts and the ASEAN Five-Point Consensus. On 26 June, India's External Affairs Minister met senior Myanmar leaders, stressing the impact of Myanmar's instability on India's borders and India's commitment to engaging all stakeholders. India’s Home Minister assured Mizoram’s Chief Minister that the government would provide humanitarian assistance to Myanmar arrivals in the state. The humanitarian needs of Myanmar arrivals in Mizoram and Manipur are growing as more people continue to seek refuge in the two states. Humanitarian agencies and state governments have appealed for more resources to meet arrivals' needs, which include food, shelter, WASH and health..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-19
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"The military-controlled Ministry of Health has confirmed the presence of cholera in Yangon in an official statement. As of 17 July, there are 77 confirmed cases of hospitalisation. According to other reports, cholera cases have also been identified in Rakhine, Chin and East Bago regions, with local media reporting over 240 hospitalisations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is providing training to local health workers, while the in-country water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) humanitarian cluster has a response plan that includes a rapid response team, capacity building, water supply and provision of non-food items (NFIs).
Rapid assessment is partially hindered by ongoing conflict and access restrictions across the country. DG ECHO is assessing the situation and possible response together with humanitarian partners..."
Source/publisher:
European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-17
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"CRISIS IMPACT OVERVIEW:
From 29 June, Myanmar’s monsoon season brought heavy rainfall that caused fluvial flooding in the north of the country. The most extensive flooding has occurred Kachin state, where the Ayeyarwady, Malikha, and N’mai rivers flooded low-lying communities in Bhamo, Hpakant, Mogaung, Myitkyina, and Waingmaw townships. Flooding has also affected communities in Hkamti, Homalin, and Pyaungbin townships in the neighbouring Sagaing region (ECHO 04/07/2024; AHA 03/07/2024 and 04/07/2024; The Irrawaddy 05/07/2024; MIMU/UNDP 07/07/2024).
Between 2 and 11 July, floods submerged an estimated 75% of Hkamti town (The Irrawaddy 11/07/2024).
By 11 July, flooding had also occurred in unspecified townships in Magway region; in Myingyan, Nganzun, Pyinoolwin, and Tada-U townships in Mandalay region; and in Kyaukme, Lashio, Mongmit, and Muse townships in northern Shan state (WFP 01/07/2024; The Irrawaddy 11/07/2024; The Sunday Examiner 10/07/2024). There is limited information on flooding and its humanitarian impacts in Magway, Mandalay, and Shan.
By 11 July, news sources, citing Myanmar’s Department of Disaster Management, reported that at least 31,000 people were evacuated because of floods in Kachin state and Sagaing, Magway and Mandalay regions (Vietnam Plus 11/07/2024; Xinhua 10/07/2024; The Sunday Examiner 10/07/2024). On 4 July, the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations reported 26,400 affected people, only some of whom had been evacuated (ECHO 04/07/2024).
By 11 July, the floods killed at least one child in Hkamti, Sagaing, and five people in Myitkyina, Kachin (The Irrawaddy 11/07/2024). Another source reported that there were no flood-related deaths and injuries (Vietnam Plus 11/07/2024; The Sunday Examiner 10/07/2024). Significant access challenges because of ongoing flooding, rainfall, and pre-existing conflict may explain these discrepancies in reporting.
There is limited information on humanitarian needs. The rain and flooding have damaged and destroyed homes, roads, and cropland, which has likely increased shelter, NFI, and food security needs among affected communities and disrupted access to WASH infrastructure, health services, and livelihoods..."
Source/publisher:
ACAPS via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-12
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"In June, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) was forced to indefinitely suspend our medical humanitarian activities in northern Rakhine state, Myanmar, following the extreme escalation of conflict; MSF’s office in Buthidaung was burnt down. While MSF has been able to maintain a minimum level of activities in some townships in the central part of Rakhine, our teams in those areas also struggle with severe access restrictions, and the consequences of violent conflict. Here are some of the major challenges in healthcare provision we are facing in Rakhine.
''Teleconsultations means a lot to the people since this is the only contact left between the community and MSF.'' CAROLINE DE CRAMER, THE OUTGOING PROJECT MEDICAL ADVISER
Difficulties in accessing patients and delivering healthcare
Since November 2023, when the conflict between the Myanmar military and Arakan Army resumed, MSF teams faced major difficulties in accessing patients. For eight months, MSF did not have authorisation to run any mobile clinics in Rakhine state, including in the displaced people’s camps in Pauktaw, where MSF is often the only healthcare provider. These camps are only accessible by boat, but with the escalation of conflict in Pauktaw, our teams could no longer travel to provide healthcare, nor could patients in need of emergency care reach the hospital in Sittwe.
This presents a major issue for patients with chronic health problems, emergency needs, and women with complicated pregnancies. In June, MSF received travel authorisation to resume our mobile clinic for a month in the mainly Rohingya Aung Mingalar neighbourhood in downtown Sittwe. Our teams are operating here with reduced capacity, including due to severe supply constraints. Our clinics in Pauktaw and other in towns remain inaccessible for the time being.
Travel restrictions are not affecting just MSF, but also other organisations and institutions providing lifesaving assistance and healthcare. MSF is no longer authorised to send any medicines to the camps in Pauktaw. Our community staff have managed to continue the provision of basic health services, but it is difficult to provide patients with basic healthcare, as medical supplies dwindle and medical staff can’t reach them.
''When patients can reach out to a nurse, health promotion officer, or doctor, it is a form of mental health support.'' CAROLINE DE CRAMER, THE OUTGOING PROJECT MEDICAL ADVISER
Emergency referrals blocked
Before the resumption of the conflict in November 2023, when people in the camps or villages supported by MSF needed hospital care, they relied on our teams to provide emergency referrals, including pick up of patients and transportation to hospitals by car or boat. This is no longer possible due to travel restrictions imposed by the authorities, leaving people without the option of receiving specialised medical care.
For people attempting to reach hospital independently, the journey is fraught with difficulty. For patients in Pauktaw, reaching Sittwe by sea is practically impossible, while healthcare services available to them in other towns are limited, equally affected by the conflict, and often require an even longer journey.
People sometimes die on the way to seek healthcare or because they cannot even attempt the journey due to the prohibitive cost and difficulty of travelling. As a result, MSF has seen an alarming trend in maternal and neo-natal deaths. In January, our teams reported the deaths of a mother and her twins, and of two mothers who each lost a baby because they were forced to deliver at home. In June, our teams reported the death of another mother who was unable to receive antenatal care since April. She was scared to leave the displacement camp in Pauktaw due to the road blockages.
''It’s only way for them to feel that they are not forgotten, that we are still present, and that they can count on us.'' CAROLINE DE CRAMER, THE OUTGOING PROJECT MEDICAL ADVISER
Public healthcare facilities no longer function
Since the resumption of the conflict, many health workers have left their jobs in public healthcare facilities, mostly due to safety and security issues. This has forced some facilities to close completely. Those that are still open struggle to function due to shortages of staff, medical supplies and fuel. Electricity networks no longer supply power in Rakhine, so health facilities depend on generators, but fuel to run them is not easily available due to supply routes being disrupted or cut off, impacting their ability to perform medical procedures.
Lack of phone signal makes teleconsultations challenging
To reach patients, MSF medical teams provide consultations by telephone or text message. However, this also poses a challenge, because phone networks are often disrupted, resulting in intermittent and very weak phone coverage across many areas. Patients and community volunteers often need to walk long distances or climb hills to try and get a phone signal.
“Teleconsultations means a lot to the people since this is the only contact left between the community and MSF,” says Caroline de Cramer, the outgoing project medical adviser. “When patients can reach out to a nurse, health promotion officer, or doctor, it is a form of mental health support. It’s only way for them to feel that they are not forgotten, that we are still present, and that they can count on us.”..."
Source/publisher:
Médecins Sans Frontières
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-12
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Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first)
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"Highlights
• Protection concerns are on the rise with nearly 3.2 million people internally displaced. Ongoing conflict and seasonal flooding are exacerbating the already severe humanitarian needs.
• During the month of May, UNICEF and partners provided primary health care services to 46,117 women and children, and life-saving child protection services reached 66,483 people.
• Bimonthly maternal and child cash transfers have been made to 9,000 programme participants and 80,075 people received critical WASH supplies.
• Only 12 per cent of the funding against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal requirement has been received, impacting UNICEF’s capacity to deliver multisectoral humanitarian assistance to children and their families. Timely and sufficient funding is crucial to provide timely assistance, especially during the ongoing monsoon season
Funding Overview and Partnerships
UNICEF Myanmar Country Office has appealed for US$ 208.3 million in 2024 to address the needs of 3.1 million people, including an estimated 2.1 million children. As of 30 June 2024, UNICEF secured US$ 24.8 million (12 per cent of its appealed funding), comprising US$11.6 million received for the current year and US$13.2 million carried forward from the previous year.
This year, UNICEF has received generous funding support from the Government of Japan, the European Commission’s Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Department (DG ECHO), the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the Australian Committee for UNICEF, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), as well as internal allocations from global humanitarian thematic funding. UNICEF also acknowledges the contributions previously made by Australia’s DFAT, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), DG ECHO, the Government of Canada, the Government of Japan, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Government of Norway, the Royal Thai Government, the Czech Committee for UNICEF, the French Committee for UNICEF, and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), along with the CERF and the Myanmar Country-Based Pooled Fund. Moreover, UNICEF Myanmar received an internal loan from the Emergency Programme Fund to support the humanitarian response.
With these resources, UNICEF and its partners are delivering humanitarian services in nutrition, health, HIV/AIDS, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), education, child protection, gender-based violence in emergencies (GBViE), social protection and cash-based programming. UNICEF is also providing humanitarian leadership roles in the WASH Cluster, the Nutrition Cluster, the Child Protection Area of Responsibility (CP AoR), the Mine Action Area of Responsibility (MA AoR) and as co-lead of the Education Cluster and is strengthening protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), and social behaviour-change and accountability to affected populations. However, UNICEF’s capacity to deliver these services is severely limited by the funding gap of 88 per cent against the 2024 appeal. Without additional funding, targeted populations, especially children, will not be able to receive urgently needed assistance.
UNICEF continues its efforts to mobilize resources and expresses its sincere appreciation to all private and public sector donors for their contributions to supporting the children of Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Ongoing conflict continues to lead to further displacement across multiple parts of the country with nearly 3.2 million people internally displaced as of 24 June. This includes 93,500 people internally displaced since the end of May. The onset of monsoon has also led to increased needs with further population movements, and damage to infrastructure and increasing the risk of seasonal diseases.
The fighting in Rakhine state has been intensifying with heavy artillery shelling; 15 townships out of 17 are affected by clashes. In the northern part of the state, fighting has moved from Buthidaung to Maungdaw. In Sittwe, it is estimated that between 15,000 to 20,000 people from at least 35 villages were reportedly forced to move. According to the camp coordination and camp management cluster report, as of 20 June there are more than 300,000 newly displaced people across Rakhine. Humanitarian access is still restricted in most areas, although some agencies gained access to some monasteries to assess the needs of IDPs who are sheltering there.
In the northwest, intense fighting has been continuing with gunfire, artillery shelling and aerial attacks resulting in civilian casualties, with children reportedly killed and injured. Civilian properties and public infrastructure, including temporary learning spaces, have also been destroyed. The number of people displaced since 2021 exceeded 1.5 million2 by the end of June 2024, with an increase of nearly 200,000 IDPs since the beginning of 2024.
In Kachin, conflict between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and Kachin Independence Army and its allies continues to intensify in several townships. Fighting intensified in Bhamo, Hpakant, Mansi, Momauk, Myitkyina, Puta-O, Sumprabum, Tanai and Waingmaw townships and has displaced thousands of people. By mid-June, about 96,000 people had been newly displaced. Bhamo, Mansi, Momauk and Waingmaw townships are host to the highest numbers of newly displaced people. Some 84,400 people have already been in protracted camps for a decade. Road closures have led to a shortage of essential items, including food and fuel, as well as rocketing prices, particularly in Puta-O.
There was extensive flooding in Myitkyina on 30 June leading to infrastructure damage, and populations being displaced. Some roads are impassable, mobile networks are interrupted, and all flights cancelled as the airport was inaccessible. Most of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) living close to the river were relocated to other areas. An inter-agency needs assessment was planned as at end June. The risks of heavy rain, flood and cyclone are heightened during the monsoon season across the country and these disasters would seriously impact to already vulnerable population amid the escalating of conflict and crisis.
Armed conflicts between the MAF and ethnic armed organizations (EAO) persist, with frequent clashes reported in Pekhon, Pinlaung, Nyaung Shwe, Hsihseng townships in southern Shan and in Nawnghkio, Kyaukme and Hsipaw in northern Shan. By the end of June, there were more than 130,000 IDPs in southern Shan, more than 18,000 people in northern Shan (including more than 2,000 people in Nawnghkio) and more than 132,000 IDPs in Kayah state. Due to the recent conflict in northern Shan and in Pinlaung, the number of internally displaced people is expected to increase. However, in Hsihseng, the number of internally displaced people gradually returning to their places of origin is increasing. In Kayah state as well, some internally displaced people have voluntarily returned to their places of origin; primarily those who had been displaced to southern Shan.
Roads around Lashio in Shan state have been destroyed and tightening security is impacting the transportation of supplies. In addition, the number of landmine incidents is increasing in northern Shan, as well as in the Hsihseng and Pinlaung areas of southern Shan. Increased enforcement of the conscription law and recruitment activities by the MAF and EAOs have been reported. Humanitarian access in northern Shan and Kayah faces significant challenges and access to townships in southern Shan, particularly Hsihseng, Moebye, Phekon and some areas of Pinlaung township, are largely restricted.
According to recent monitoring of incidents involving landmines and explosive remnants of war in the first quarter of 2024, a total of 339 civilian casualties (29 per cent of them children) have been reported4 nationally. This figure represents 32 per cent of the total casualties reported in 2023 (1,052 reported). Shan state had the highest number of casualties (25 per cent of the overall total). Sagaing and Bago followed with 19 per cent and 12 per cent of the total, respectively. The remaining regions, Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Naypyitaw, Rakhine, Tanintharyi and Yangon, collectively accounted for the remaining 43 per cent of the total casualties..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-10
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"This epidemiological bulletin aims to provide the situation of key infectious diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region to inform risk assessments and responses. The bulletin uses information from publicly available sources and will be published every two weeks. For feedback or suggestions, please write to [email protected].
Key events and updates
Myanmar, Acute Water Diarrhea
Situation overview
On 7 July, according to an official press release1 published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported in the Yangon region since early June 2024.
Since late June, severe diarrhea cases have been admitted to hospitals in some townships in the eastern district of Yangon, including Thaketa Township.
No deaths have been reported.
On 6 July, a daily newspaper2 produced by the Government of Myanmar, reported a rise in acute watery diarrhea cases in Nwe Aye Ward, Dawbon Township, and Anawmar Ward, Thaketa Township, Yangon Region.
On July 5 2024, the Yangon Regional Chief Minister and a team of health authorities and government officials visited the affected areas.
They inspected a temporary clinic in Dawbon Township, implementing health education, disinfection, and water purification tablet distribution.
In Nwe Aye Ward, 646 people in 166 households with limited latrine facilities rely on rainwater, tube wells, and bottled water.
The team checked pipeline leakage in Thaketa Township and conducted water sanitation activities, including water testing at the National Health Laboratory. The team inspected water storage and distribution facilities in Thaketa Township.
A clinic was set up in Anawmar Ward to monitor the situation, with 12 cases reported, including one death who had an underlying immune deficiency.
Bangladesh (Cox’s Bazar), Cholera
Situation overview
From 23 June to 6 July 2024, 33 Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)-positive acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) cases/ suspected cholera cases were detected and reported in Cox’s Bazar, of which 20 were culture-positive for cholera.
No confirmed cholera fatalities have been reported since the upsurge began in epidemiological week 26.
Majority of culture-confirmed cholera cases have been reported from Rohingya Refugee Camps, while a few cases are from the surrounding host Bangladesh population.
The Multi-sectoral Health and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Response Team is investigating and responding to the outbreak in all affected camps..."
Source/publisher:
World Health Organization (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-10
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"12.1 M People in Need
2.7 M People Targeted
131 K People Reached
130 M USD Funding requirement
14.5 M USD Funding Received
HIGHLIGHTS
During the reporting period, the Health Cluster partners delivered multiple health services to ensure access to necessary care for 71 732 persons in conflict-affected and rural locations across 10 states and regions, including 29 912 internally displaced people. The highest number of reached people is located in Rakhine (20 934) and in Kachin (18 750). Partners continued delivering different types of life-saving services. The relatively limited number of people reached against the annual target is due to key challenges the Health Cluster has reported since October 2023, namely: funding shortfall, access restrictions, deterioration of safety conditions.
A total of 91 283 patients have received primary health care services. Additionally, 32 patients have received trauma care services and 6 016 maternal and child health care services have been provided. In terms of financial assistance, 2 090 patients have been given cash assistance. Furthermore, 3 262 individuals have received basic psychosocial support, and 25 761 people have participated in awareness-raising sessions. Lastly, 3 389 units of medicine have been donated as part of medical support efforts.
In March 2024, the Health Cluster achieved a significant milestone by adopting its monitoring framework for the 2024 Humanitarian Need Response Plan, agreeing on 10 indicators for implementation. This framework supports the Health Cluster in aligning with the Cluster Objectives namely:
Outbreaks and other health emergencies are addressed through timely and effective detection and coordinated response.
Quality and inclusive priority life-saving health services are more accessible for 2.7 million displaced, returned, stateless and other crisis-affected people.
Operational health partner capacities are strengthened through the provision of guidelines, tools, trainings, supervision, and more localized coordination, to nurture quality people-centred care, better reporting, and accountability towards populations.
Cluster coordination and information management are strengthened at all levels..."
Source/publisher:
Health Cluster, World Health Organization
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-08
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"KEY DISPLACEMENT FIGURES:
117,800 Estimated refugee outflows to neighbouring countries since 1 Feb. 2021
1,139,500 Refugees and asylum-seekers from Myanmar in neighbouring countries as of 31 Dec. 2023
2,804,700 Estimated total internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Myanmar, displaced since 1 Feb. 2021 Source: UN in Myanmar
3,093,700 Estimated total internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Myanmar as of 27 May 2024 Source: UN in Myanmar
OVERVIEW
Widespread conflict and violence in Myanmar continued to drive displacement and exacerbate needs across multiple states and regions. In May, some 153,400 IDPs were newly displaced, with most living in terrible conditions, lacking adequate shelter, and in need of access to basic services. The humanitarian situation in Rakhine State has been dire, marked by a spike in fighting, underlying inter-communal tensions and heavily restricted access to affected areas. The overall security situation also deteriorated across Chin, Magway, and Sagaing states, Bago Region (East), Tanintharyi Region, Kayah State and Shan State (South), with intense fighting reported. In Kachin State, armed clashes continued, particularly in Waingmaw, Momuak, and Mansi townships. In Kayin State, IDPs returning to their places of origin were exposed to landmine risks. The monsoon season has also compounded the hardships faced by communities, with heavy rain and strong winds causing severe damage, including to IDP shelters, across several townships in Chin, Magway, Sagaing, and Shan states. UNHCR, along with protection partners, is actively engaging with all stakeholders to advocate for the protection of civilians and displaced people, ensuring their access to assistance, and securing their freedom of movement.
In Thailand, as of 1 June, no refugees remain in the Temporary Safety Areas (TSAs). The 77 refugees who had been sheltered in Nong Luang TSA in Umphang District returned to Myanmar on 30 May after spending some two months there. In May, over 180 refugees sought temporary refuge in the Poeng Kloeng TSA in Umphang District due to an escalation in fighting. UNHCR was granted access to the TSA although the refugees returned to Myanmar just before the planned assessment mission could take place, leading to the site's closure. Although UNHCR could not monitor the voluntariness of returns, sources cited various reasons for return. This included the cessation of fighting in their villages, encouragement from village leaders to return, and the desire to prepare their land before the start of the rainy season.
Since February 2021, approximately 64,300 people from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in India, with some 6,800 registered with UNHCR in New Delhi. Intensified fighting in Chin and Sagaing regions in May reportedly led to new arrivals crossing into Mizoram. On 12 May, the Chief Minister of Manipur reported the deportation of around 360 of the 5,800 identified "illegal migrants" from Myanmar in Kamjong District and the biometric data of over 5,100 migrants was reportedly collected for future deportation. Special teams were established to monitor and manage arrivals in five border districts. In late May, Cylone Remal caused significant damage in Mizoram and Manipur, exacerbating the humanitarian needs of Myanmar arrivals in Mizoram and Manipur with food, shelter, WASH and health identified as the most critical needs..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-03
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"SITUATION AT A GLANCE
18.6 MILLION People In Need of Humanitarian Assistance in Burma in 2024
UN – June 2024
13.3 MILLION Number of People in Need of Food Assistance in 2024
UN – June 2024
3.1 MILLION Total IDPs within Burma
UNHCR – June 2024
5.3 MILLION People Targeted for Humanitarian Assistance in Burma in 2024
UN – June 2024
3 MILLION People Targeted for Protection Assistance in Burma in 2024
UN – June 2024
Intensifying violence between the MAF and various armed groups since late 2023 drives worsening humanitarian conditions, including increased displacement and deteriorating food security, across Burma.
Humanitarian actors experience heightened operational constraints, limiting assistance for vulnerable populations.
USAID/BHA partner WFP provides emergency assistance to tens of thousands of individuals in Chin and Rakhine states..."
Source/publisher:
US Agency for International Development (Washington, D.C.) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-02
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"This independent update, covering humanitarian developments up to 28 June, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued in late July 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
Civilian protection concerns are on the rise as conflict continues to expand across the country. Pervasive landmine contamination, explosive hazards, and fighting with heavy weapons and aerial bombardment continues to drive displacement and exacerbate already severe humanitarian needs.
Countrywide, more than 3 million people are estimated to be internally displaced. Many of the newly displaced are living without proper shelters, enduring severe weather in the monsoon season.
Recent attacks and occupation of humanitarian facilities in Rakhine and other areas are elevating risks for both humanitarian personnel and the populations they serve.
In Rakhine, intense fighting has forced thousands of people to flee their homes in recent months. In the state capital, Sittwe, civilian protection concerns are growing, with reports of newly planted mines, forced evictions, and mass arrests around the town area.
Clashes have intensified in Kachin in several townships and are estimated to have reached within six miles of the state capital, Myitkyina. A large number of people are reportedly displaced.
In northern Shan, the temporary ceasefire agreement between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and the Three Brotherhood Alliance is no longer holding, with the resumption of clashes in several townships during the last week of June.
Six months in, the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) remains critically underfunded, with only 12 per cent of required funding received, according to the Financial Tracking Service. More resources are urgently needed to support response efforts and alleviate the suffering of affected people in Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-01
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Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Through the compelling testimonies of over a dozen female ex-prisoners and ex-detainees and their lawyers, ICJ’s new briefing paper highlights the conditions of women deprived of liberty, and their intense psychological and physical torment in interrogation and detention settings.
The briefing paper, Unseen and Unheard: Violations of the Human Rights of Women Deprived of Liberty in Myanmar, documents how the military authorities have subjected women deprived of liberty to a multitude of egregious human rights violations, including certain acts of gender-based violence amounting to crimes under international law.
“After arbitrarily arresting and detaining women and girls for their legitimate political activism, the Myanmar military forces have subjected them to abject acts of gender-based violence amounting to grave human rights violations and to crimes under international law. These crimes include acts of torture and other ill-treatment inflicted on women deprived of liberty intentionally, to cause them severe pain and suffering, and as a tool for crushing dissent,” said Melissa Upreti, ICJ Regional Director, Asia and the Pacific.
Between the military coup d’état in Myanmar on 1 February 2021 and 20 June 2024, at least 3,987 women were still in detention for political reasons, including 1,528 women who had been convicted on spurious charges, according to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners Burma.
The grave human rights violations to which women deprived of liberty have been subjected include:
Physical beatings and threats of the same, sexual violence and intrusive strip and body searches;
Excessive use of force, and the use of overly punitive disciplinary methods and sanctions, such as prolonged solitary confinement;
Inhumane detention conditions, resulting from severe overcrowding and entailing lack of privacy and inadequate access to sanitary facilities; and
Denial of adequate healthcare, including sexual and reproductive healthcare, such as pre- and post-natal care and menstrual products.
Access to justice and effective remedies for these gross human rights violations against women deprived of liberty is virtually non-existent, despite attempts by lawyers to present cases alleging torture and other ill-treatment in interrogation and detention settings.
In light of its findings, the ICJ concludes by urging the military junta to immediately cease the systematic violations of human rights of women deprived of liberty in the country and calls on the relevant UN agencies, independent human rights experts and UN Member States to strengthen documentation and accountability efforts, especially in relation to the grave human rights violations perpetrated against women in detention who remain largely unseen and unheard..."
Source/publisher:
International Commission of Jurists (Geneva)
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-01
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International Court of Justice (ICJ) - Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"The extreme escalation of conflict, indiscriminate violence, and severe restrictions on humanitarian access in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar, have forced Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) to suspend medical humanitarian activities in the townships of Rathedaung, Buthidaung and Maungdaw. MSF ran 14 mobile clinics in northern Rakhine providing essential medical services to all communities, including Rakhine, Rohingya and other minority groups who often had no other access to healthcare.
We are very concerned for the people who have been severely impacted by the conflict. They continue to endure and remain exposed to the deliberate destruction of lives and property, forced recruitment, displacements, and restricted humanitarian access with no options to seek safety due to the ongoing clashes and hostilities. This indefinite suspension of our activities will leave them with zero access to healthcare in the face of huge needs.
A Rohingya person who was forced to flee from the clashes in Buthidaung told us: “It would be an honour if a bomb killed all of us together, so we don’t have to suffer anymore. Dying together is better than this suffering.”
Since November 2023, MSF teams have been unable to run regular healthcare services in the wider areas of both central and northern Rakhine. We have faced severe restrictions on humanitarian access such as difficulties in delivering care to our patients and facilitating referrals to the Township hospitals, inability to move medical and basic supplies, and bear witness to the total decimation of the healthcare system. All communities are without proper primary and secondary healthcare and our teams observed pregnant women and unborn babies losing their lives due to the lack of healthcare. MSF recorded nine maternal deaths or stillbirths between November 2023 and March 2024. On 15 April, the MSF office and pharmacy in Buthidaung were burned down, in this area where both private and public health facilities were already non- functional.
Despite not being able to provide care in the area currently, MSF remains committed to providing much needed humanitarian support to patients and people in northern Rakhine. We will continue to maintain our presence in northern Rakhine that will enable us to immediately resume activities as soon as conditions improve.
We are calling on all parties to the conflict to ensure humanitarian access in Rakhine State and respect the protected status of healthcare facilities and staff. Access to medical care for the most vulnerable communities must be restored immediately to prevent further senseless loss of life and suffering..."
Source/publisher:
Médecins Sans Frontières
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-27
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"This Rapid Market Assessment (RMA) is a suppliment to the MAU Market Price Report in South Sagaing Region. It provides township-level data on market functionality, activity, supply, and logistics. Data were collected through observation and KIIs with retailers during May 21-30, 2024. Reports available at www.themimu.info/market-analysis-unit.
KEY FINDINGS
Market security was largely unchanged in May, and it remained poor in Shwebo and Monywa Towns;
Market activity was generally stable, although retailers suggested customers were spending less;
Supply of many NFIs improved, including fuel and medicine, although supply of hygiene NFIs worsened;
Supply in Yinmarbin was most improved in May, but supply was still worse here than elsewhere;
Shipping rates rose 10-20% in most areas, and all five markets monitored reported higher rates;
Retail challenges increased most in Monywa, and concerns of weakening demand grew regionwide.
Regional Overview
Market Functionality - Security remained poor in/ around some markets, but operations were stable. Security improved slightly at the Yinmarbin village market, but security conditions were otherwise unchanged in May. All markets monitored remained open, and operating hours were generally stable.
Market Activity - Relatively good security at village markets contributed to stable market activity. Market activity shifted slightly at markets in Shwebo and Monywa Towns, but overall there was little change in customer and retailer volumes in May. The Myaung market—where security remained poor—continued to serve only nearby villages within the township.
Availability of Goods - NFI supply improved in May, particularly in Yinmarbin where supply was worst. Markets in Yinmarbin, Ye-U, and Shwebo saw supply improvements, primarily related to NFIs. Supply of NFIs— including fuel and medicines—generally improved in May, although supply of hygiene items worsened slightly.
Supply of food items was generally stable.
Transport & Logistics - Retailers in all five markets monitored reported rising shipping costs in May. Lead times remained stable in May, but retailers in four-of five markets monitored said shipping costs rose 10% or more. Formal shipping in/around Shwebo resumed in May, and all markets monitored allowed cross-township movement of goods. Sources of supply were generally unchanged in May, with suppliers in Monywa, Mandalay, and Yangon remaining the primary sources of goods.
Retailer Challenges - Monywa retailers reported more challenges in May, and concerns about weak demand grew. Retail challenges grew considerably in Monywa in May, but retailers elsewhere reported overall fewer retail difficulties than last month. Challenges related to transportation and cash lessened somewhat in May, although a growing number of retailers said weak demand was a problem for them. Shwebo Town retailers continued to report the most severe business-related challenges, particularly related to security and transportation..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-26
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"As the escalation of conflict in Myanmar continues to increase humanitarian needs, the EU has released an additional €15 million to help people affected in the country, as well as refugees who have fled to neighbouring states. This includes Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
This additional allocation will help provide life-saving assistance to people who have had to flee their homes due to conflict, providing them with access to food, shelter, clean water, and emergency healthcare. The additional funds will also go towards helping people protect themselves in the dangerous context, for example by minimising their exposure to the risks of landmines.
The EU has increased its total allocation for the Myanmar crisis each year since the 2021 coup, providing €36 million in 2024 so far.
Background
Following a military coup d'état in Myanmar in February 2021, the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance has risen from 1 million to over 18 million in 2024. After an escalation in fighting at the end of 2023, the number of internally displaced people increased by 50% in six months and has now surpassed 3 million.
Rakhine State is currently facing particularly intensive fighting, with many civilian casualties. Different armed groups are carrying out forced recruitment, with the Rohingya people a particular target.
With monsoon season having arrived, the country is bracing itself for the possibility of a disaster such as cyclonic storm Mocha, which hit the country in May 2023 and caused more than €2 billion in damages.
The EU has been providing humanitarian aid to people in Myanmar since 1994. At the beginning of this year, the EU approved over €19 million to fund humanitarian operations in the country, plus an additional €2 million to address the regional impact of the crisis.
For More Information
EU Humanitarian Aid in Myanmar
Quote(s)
The conflict in Myanmar is having devastating humanitarian consequences for the people of the country. These additional €15 million will bring relief to a population that faces multiple threats, including grave protection risks, a serious food security crisis and little access to critical healthcare. With increasingly disturbing reports of violence against civilians, it is paramount that all parties respect international humanitarian law. The situation is particularly concerning in Rakhine State, where all communities, including the Rohingya, face serious risks at the hands of armed actors. I urge all parties to show restraint and respect their obligations on protecting the civilian population..."
Source/publisher:
European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-20
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"Highlights
• More than 3.1 million people have been internally displaced, including 112,000 in the past month. They remain in precarious conditions and in need of life-saving assistance.
• 18,929 children were provided with access to formal and non-formal education including early learning; more than 43,000 people were reached with clean drinking water; and lifesaving child protection services reached more than 34,000 people during the month of April.
• In areas with heightened conflict, the need for access to services continues to increase while the cost of programme delivery is also increasing in a resource constrained environment.
• Underfunding remains a significant constraint with only 11 per cent of against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal requirement being received. Timely and sufficient funding is crucial in providing immediate assistance for children and their families, especially with the onset of the monsoon season.
Situation in Numbers
6,000,000
children in need of humanitarian assistance
18,600,000
people in need (HAC 2024)
2,830,200
Internally displaced people since 1 February 2021
64,600
People displaced to neighbouring countries since 1 February 2021 (UNHCR, 03 June 2024)
289,000
displacement before February 2021
Funding Overview and Partnerships
UNICEF Myanmar Country Office has appealed for US$ 208.3 million in 2024 to address the needs of 3.1 million people, including an estimated 2.1 million children. As of 31 May 2024, UNICEF’s funding level remains unchanged at US$ 23.1 million (11.1 per cent of its appealed funding), comprising of US$9.9 million received for the current year and US$13.2 million carried forward from the previous year.
In 2024, UNICEF has received generous funding support from the Government of Japan, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) as well as internal allocations from global humanitarian thematic funding. Additionally, UNICEF also acknowledges the contributions previously made by the Australia’s DFAT, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), the European Commission’s Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Department (DG ECHO), the Government of Canada, the Government of Japan, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Government of Norway, the Royal Thai Government, the Czech Committee for UNICEF, the French Committee for UNICEF, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) along with the CERF and the Myanmar Country-Based Pooled Fund (CBPF). Moreover, in 2024, UNICEF Myanmar also received an internal loan from the Emergency Programme Fund (EPF) to support the humanitarian response, following a similar grant received the previous year.
With these resources, UNICEF and its partners are delivering humanitarian services in nutrition, health, HIV/AIDS, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), education, child protection, gender-based violence in emergencies (GBViE), social protection and cash-based programming. UNICEF is also providing humanitarian leadership and cluster coordination and is strengthening protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), social behaviour-change and accountability to affected populations. However, UNICEF capacity to deliver these services is severely limited by the funding gap of 89 per cent which has remained unchanged over the last two months. Without the funding for these resources, targeted populations, especially children, who need basic social services, will not be able to receive assistance. UNICEF continues its efforts to mobilize resources and expresses its sincere appreciation to all private and public sector donors for their contributions to supporting the children of Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Armed conflict has been escalating across Myanmar, and more than 3.1 million people are internally displaced in precarious conditions and in need of life-saving assistance. This includes more than 112,000 people displaced since the end of April. The protection situation of children who are suffering grave violations of their rights remains of great concern. Humanitarian assistance is significantly challenged due to access restriction, roadblocks at checkpoints, high commodity prices, transportation costs, banking issues and forced recruitment by different armed groups.
In northern Rakhine, armed conflict between the Arakan Army and the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) intensified, particularly in Buthidaung and Maungdaw, and also expanded to southern townships such as Ann and Thandwe and Toungup townships. Clashes have been escalating with artillery shelling, gunfire, airstrikes and bombardment from the sea. This has severely affected both the Rakhine and Rohingya communities, resulting in casualties, multiple displacements, and the destruction of property. More than185,000 people have been displaced across Rakhine since November 2023. Taking into account those displaced earlier in the conflict, the total displacement in Rakhine numbers more than 402,000 people at the end of May. Protection concerns and rights violations have increased. An unverified number of houses in Buthidaung and Maungdaw were set on fire including humanitarian facilities and properties of humanitarian staff were also impacted. Artillery shelling hit a hospital in Buthidaung which was sheltering displaced people, and at least one hospital and one school were bombed in Kyauktaw township.
An estimated 420,000 basic education students will miss formal classes if schools in the conflict-affected townships are not able to open as usual. Routine immunization was stopped in most of the central and northern part of Rakhine for six months. An estimated 1.6 million people could be without access to hospital care in central and northern Rakhine. Restrictions on access and on the movement of supplies, plus the closure of roads and waterways continue to hamper the humanitarian response. There are increased reports of water scarcity across the state including in Pauktaw, Ponnagyun and Myebon. There are shortages of food and essential items, life-saving medicine and therapeutic nutrition commodities and increasing prices, especially in the conflict-affected townships.
The armed conflict in Kachin State has significant developments in May 2024, resulting in substantial changes in the control areas of the ethnic armed organizations/Kachin Independence Army and MAF. This conflict has led to an influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs) across the state, particularly in the townships of Myitkyina, Waingmaw, Bhamo, Tanai, Mansi, Hpakant and Mohnyin during April and May 2024. The state is home to more than 150,000 IDPs (protracted and new) in more than 142 sites and host communities, lacking the means of survival and livelihoods. The humanitarian operations in Bhamo, Tani, Mansi, Shwegu, Mohnyin and Waingmaw townships are facing severe challenges due to fighting and limited access. The numerous checkpoints by different actors along the line from Yangon to Myitkyina impose arbitrary taxes and have significantly impacted supply movements into, and within, the state. In some parts of the state, there is still a need to conduct rapid needs assessments. However, shelter, WASH, food and protection have been identified as the most urgent humanitarian needs. UNICEF, along with its partners, has been working to provide WASH, health and nutrition services, education and child protection services for the newly displaced people. Despite these efforts, there are still significant unmet needs.
In the southeast, the escalation of armed conflict continued throughout the region, particularly in Kawkareik and around Hpa-An districts in Kayin state, and there have been intense armed conflicts in Tanintharyi, Mon and Bago east. As a result, the number of displaced people in this region has increased to around 660,000, the highest increase here since 2021 and highly likely to continue to increase the displacement as the conflict escalates.
In the northwest, armed clashes have continued, resulting in the displacement of more than 1.5 million people. In addition, in early May, strong winds and heavy rains damaged or destroyed about 400 homes, temporary shelters and other structures. The main road from Kalay to Hakha is still blocked, there are unstable phone and internet connections and reportedly increasing the arbitrary arrests of young people for the military service.
The approaching monsoon season with a heightened risk of cyclones and floods further increases the risks faced by the vulnerable population. Already strong winds and heavy rain has impacted multiple locations in recent months damaging infrastructure. If a cyclone with a scale similar to that of last year hits Myanmar this year, its impact would be even more devastating for the populations whose coping capacity continues to be eroded by the escalating conflict and the increasing socio-economic hardships..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"1. Overview & Key Messages
Key Messages
• Escalating conflict across Myanmar is driving growing humanitarian needs, surging displacement, worsening food insecurity, grave human rights violations and deadly protection threats to civilians.
• The country is now littered with landmines and unexploded ordnance from the daily aerial bombardment that is being inflicted on communities in contested areas.
• Aid workers have proven their resilience in finding ways to overcome the heavy access blockages being imposed on their work. They have shown they are able to deliver, even in the most conflict-affected parts of the country through strong partnerships with local responders.
• Humanitarians reached 3.2 million people in 2023 and already in 2024, almost 950,000 people have received life-saving assistance in all corners of the country and under different areas of control.
• But this is not enough. Partners have capacity to do more but for this they require more resources and expanded humanitarian diplomacy with all parties and with Myanmar’s neighbours to secure facilitated access at-scale.
• The Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan is just 12 per cent funded almost half-way into the year.
• Without an urgent injection of funds aid agencies will soon be forced to make impossible choices about cuts to planned assistance that will risk the lives of millions of people in severe need.
Almost half-way through 2024, Myanmar faces a worsening humanitarian crisis characterized by escalating armed conflict, massive displacement, grave human rights violations and significant protection risks for its civilian population. After finalization of the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) and related planning figures, the country entered a dangerous new chapter with fighting erupting across large swathes of the country, well beyond the levels expected for 2024. Systematic rights violations, breaches of International Humanitarian Law, denial of access to life-saving services, indiscriminate use of weapons in populated areas, and protection threats, including forced recruitment, have left the population in fear of their lives, with many fleeing for safety.
Access to vital services including health and education has been crippled by fighting in the most heavily affected parts of the country where these are needed most. The expansion of fighting since October 2023 and the implementation of a long-standing national conscription law have triggered unforeseen levels of displacement both within the country and across borders. This has brought a new regional dimension to the crisis that demands novel approaches to engagement with Myanmar’s neighbours. The total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has surpassed 3 million people as of June, which is equal to the original full-year projected total for 2024.
Brave aid workers have proven their ability to navigate this increasingly complex access landscape with changes in territorial control and are reaching people in need, even in the most conflict affected states and regions. Despite the changes in the operating environment and severe underfunding, humanitarian partners used diverse delivery modalities to reach 949,000 people with at least one kind of support once in the first quarter of the year, including almost 500,000 IDPs. However, expanded delivery and more comprehensive coverage of needs for those people we can reach is being undermined by underfunding and denials of sustained access. Urgent humanitarian diplomacy at the political level is required to reduce the human impact of the conflict and facilitate access to affected people. Humanitarian organizations have the capacity to do more in many parts of the country, but further expansion requires both additional funds and concerted political efforts to create a more conducive operating space for scale-up. More than 4.3m people targeted for support in 2024 had still not been reached with any form of assistance at the end of the first quarter and many will inevitably continue to miss out on support during the remainder of the year if the funding landscape does not improve, with devastating and potentially deadly consequences for vulnerable people. If additional funds were received, partners could immediately use the diverse access channels they have developed over the past three years, including working through local partners, to reach more people in desperate need and help communities prepare for and respond to new needs that will inevitably arise during the wet season.
Field colleagues are sounding the alarm about deteriorating humanitarian needs that have increased in both scale and severity as a result of the escalating fighting that is now also touching many urban areas.
This worrying trajectory in needs is currently difficult to quantify due to heavy access constraints, the lack of comprehensive needs assessments in conflict areas, and communications interruptions in many parts of the country, but the reports from frontline responders are unequivocal in their assessment of surging need.
Food insecurity is on the rise with 13.3 million people – almost a quarter of the population - now estimated to be in phase 3 or 4 insecurity. This is raising the spectre of deadly malnutrition if unaddressed. The impacts of food insecurity are geographically widespread with all but two States/Regions seeing a deterioration in conditions since April/May 2023. The cyclone and flooding season is now beginning and the impact of another major disaster similar to last year’s Cyclone Mocha would be catastrophic if repeated in the current conflict, access and funding environment. Renewed inter-communal tension in Rakhine is also worrying and requires concerted advocacy with all parties and communication with communities.
In the absence of comprehensive new data, the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG) has focused here on providing an expert narrative analysis of the significant changes in the humanitarian landscape but has not undertaken a full HNRP revision with a new number of people in need (PiN), new targets and new requirements at this time. The ICCG has provided a new estimate of projected displacement through until the end of the year (now 3.6m) and it has been possible for one cluster (Food Security) to update its own sectoral number of people in need based on some newly available analysis, but all other numbers remain unchanged at the inter-sectoral level with at least 18.6 million people in need of humanitarian assistance and 5.3 million targeted for aid. The total financial requirement for this effort is US$ 994 million, aimed at addressing critical needs across multiple sectors. Currently, just 12 per cent of the required funds have been raised, despite the heavy prioritization and boundary setting exercise done at the end of 2023. Even tighter prioritization lies ahead unless additional funding urgently materializes.
While it is understood that some additional funding may be in the pipeline from some key donors, timing is critical, with partners already running low on resources in many areas. Fast-tracking of planned humanitarian funding commitments is now critical to avoid prolonging people’s suffering. Urgent and complementary investment in development activities is also imperative to reverse the unsustainable growth in humanitarian needs..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-14
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
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"KEY FINDINGS
• Conflict shuttered Maungdaw market, and spillover concerns affected Kyauktaw and Mrauk-U;
• Markets reduced operating hours in May, and five-of-seven operated only in the morning;
• Customer traffic remained stable despite seasonal change and growing security concerns;
• Lower fuel prices reduced shipping costs, and most markets saw growing inter-township trade;
• Food and NFI supply improved somewhat after interstate highways partially reopened mid-May;
• Retailers reported more challenges both seasonal and conflict-driven, especially in Mrauk-U District.
Market Functionality - Markets were open in May, but some reduced hours due to security concerns. Five of seven markets monitored in May were open only in the morning, including several in major towns. Market hours were reduced in Kyauktaw, Mrauk-U, and Pauktaw.
Market Activity - Markets remained active in May, and there weas more inter-township commerce. Markets in Kyauktaw, Ponnagyun, and Myebon were particularly active in May. Ward markets in Mrauk-U, Minbya, and Sittwe were naturally quieter but still saw relatively stable customer traffic. Minbya, Myebon, Pauktaw, and Ponnagyun saw more intra-township trade in May, possibly due to lower fuel costs in May.
Availability of Goods - Supply of food and NFIs improved in May, possibly due to looser travel restrictions on interstate highways. Supply was generally stable or improved, perhaps due to more movement on interstate roads (which nonetheless remained unsafe). Supply improved most for scarce NFIs like medicines and hygiene items, and fuel supply improved as prices fell. Supply improved most in Sittwe and Minbya Towns, where some foods and NFIs were more available.
Transport & Logistics - Lower fuel prices helped reduce shipping costs in multiple markets in May. Shipping costs declined in Sittwe, Ponnagyun, Minbya, and Mrauk-U, although they rose in Kyauktaw and held stable elsewhere. Retailers continued sourcing goods both by road and waterway, and some lead-times shortened slightly. Meanwhile, Sittwe retailers still remained largely isolated from markets in neighboring townships.
Retailer Challenges - Retail challenges increased in May, particularly in Mrauk-U District. Retailers in Kyauktaw, Mrauk-U, and Minbya reported more challenges in May than in April, particuarly related to poor cash access and market damage. Retailers in Sittwe and Ponnagyun also reported growing challenges, particularly related to security and transportation. Overall, poor safety/security, limited transportation, and poor access to supply remained the most common retail challenges..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-12
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory
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Format :
pdf
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11.03 MB
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Description:
"Amidst the serene but isolating waters of Myanmar's Irrawaddy River, an innovative mobile health service sails to the neediest communities, bringing critical healthcare where traditional facilities are hard to reach. The floating clinics initiated by AFXB Myanmar, with the support of UNFPA, navigate the river to deliver essential health services, focusing on the urgent needs of women and girls affected by the humanitarian crisis in the country.
"For women like us, living in the village, far from the health facilities, each pregnancy is filled with anxiety. In emergencies, we often feel helpless, which adds immense stress and concern for the safety of both ourselves and our babies." — Thiri, an expectant mother from a riverside village in Mandalay.
The ongoing conflict exacerbates the availability of essential health services, disrupting healthcare delivery and heightening risks for women, particularly pregnant women in affected areas. According to the UN inter-agency estimation, the maternal mortality ratio for 2020 stands at 179 deaths per 100,000 live births, significantly influenced by lack of access to reproductive health services, and compounded by poverty. According to Myanmar Demographic Health Survey (2015-2016), the availability of skilled birth attendants is limited, with only three-fifths of births (60%) being attended by skilled providers such as nurses, midwives, and doctors. Traditional birth attendants still assist 29% of births. These figures highlight the significant need for maternal healthcare services, especially in remote and inaccessible areas where women lack access to any medical facilities. These challenges are intensified by current conflict and instability, which obstruct access to necessary health care and amplify the disparities between rural and urban health outcomes.
The floating clinics, RV-Inwa and RV-Mingun, serve as crucial platforms for addressing these gaps and challenges. Staffed by dedicated teams of healthcare professionals, the clinics bring primary health care, maternal health care, including prenatal, postnatal, and emergency obstetric care to those in need in the communities along the river. In addition, family planning services, minor surgeries, and regular health follow-ups for chronic and non-communicable diseases are also provided at the clinics. Between 2021 and 2023, two boats conducted a total of 50 medical missions along the river, providing health services to 38,627 individuals. 894 women received antenatal care as part of these missions.
"Navigating the waters along the Irrawaddy, we deliver more than healthcare and medication; we deliver hope. We provide a commitment to ensuring a safer pregnancy and childbirth for women who would otherwise confront these challenges alone," said Dr. Shwe Paing Oo, Medical Officer of the RV-Inwa.
“It takes a 2 hours’ motorbike drive to get to the nearest health facilities. With my 7 -month pregnancy, it is just not safe to do that in order to receive maternal health care. I’ve been worrying for my baby all the time. Now, thanks to the floating clinic, I am getting proper antenatal care. I feel safe for me and my baby.” Thuzar, an expectant mother from a riverside village in Mandalay
"I'm in my eighth month of pregnancy. Our income barely covers our basic needs, and we can't afford the healthcare and medicines I need. When I got free of charge assistance at the floating clinic, I felt so thankful to the health team. They face many challenges in helping us, especially under these difficult times, but their support really saves our lives when we can hardly pay for healthcare." Nyo Nyo, an expectant mother from one of the riverside villages in Mandalay.
"I vividly recall the occasion on which our team rescued a woman who was suffering from retained placenta during childbirth. We immediately stabilized the situation and facilitated her transfer to the hospital right away, ensuring the well-being of both her and the newborn. I take immense pride in contributing to the committed team aboard the vessel, dedicated to serving the community during these times of crisis." Dr Saw Lwin Tun, Team Leader and Medical Officer, RV Min Gun.
The women and girls in these communities are at risk due to a lack of knowledge about health, including reproductive health and family planning services. The clinics are also essential for educating communities about reproductive health. This knowledge empowers women about their reproductive health and rights and enables them to make informed choices, which is particularly important where misconceptions and traditional practices often put them at higher risk.
"Learning about family planning at the floating clinic has changed everything for us. Now, I make informed decisions that ensure a healthier, more secure future for my family." — Ngu War, a woman from a riverside community.
Additionally, the floating clinics integrated Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRH) services such as awareness raising, parental and education sessions, GVB referrals, etc. Since 2021, nearly 10 thousand youth from villages along the river have received SRHR training and awareness raising sessions provided by the floating clinics.
The presence of the floating clinics is a beacon of hope for the riverside communities. Women, often accompanied by their families, receive health care that is otherwise out of reach, fostering not only healthier communities but also strengthening community ties.
Despite the logistical and security challenges involved in operating under a humanitarian context, the commitment of the floating clinic staff remains unwavering. "The boat operates 10-15 days a month, providing care for over 1000 patients. Throughout the different seasons, we face many challenges on the river while delivering our services, but each challenge we navigate is worth the lives we can save and improve,” said Dr. Saw Lwin Tun, Medical Officer of RV Mingun.
Floating clinics are more than just an innovative healthcare delivery method. They truly are a crucial part of the healthcare ecosystem in Myanmar, particularly in the face of the ongoing crisis. These clinics not only deliver healthcare but also hope and resilience, ensuring that women and girls in the most remote areas have access to the lifesaving services they urgently need.
"Before the floating clinic came to us, every moment of my pregnancy was shadowed by fear, knowing how far we were from the hospital. The day I received health care on the boat near our home, it was as if a weight was lifted—not just from my shoulders but from the entire community. It means we and our babies are protected." — Phyo, a mother from a riverside village in Mandalay..."
Source/publisher:
United Nations Population Fund (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-11
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public Health, UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), Human Rights and international relations
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Description:
"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report covers the period January to December 2023 and outlines TBC’s progress based on the organisation’s Strategic Directions for 2023-5. Multi-sectoral responses by TBC and local partners reinforced the resilience of 400,000 displaced and confl ict-aff ected individuals during 2023. This included over 88,000 people in nine refugee camps inside Thailand, more than 20,000 especially vulnerable individuals dispersed along the Thailand-Myanmar border and at least 300,000 villagers in southeastern Myanmar.
In Thailand, TBC met the immediate humanitarian needs of the 88,953 refugees who remained in refugee camps as of the end of 2023, through the provision of food under our Food Card System and shelter material support. Support for maternal, infant and young child feeding (MIYCF) nutrition activities continued and the results of TBC’s 2022 Nutrition Survey were fi nalised. Technical support to Camp Committees and the provision of capacity building trainings continued throughout the year. Outside of camp, humanitarian support was provided to new refugee arrivals as part of our emergency response plan. While confl ict in Myanmar meant the return of refugees to Myanmar is not feasible, the re-opening of third country resettlement to the US for eligible refugees in camp may mean a gradual outfl ow of refugees from camps.
In Myanmar, TBC and partners mitigated the vulnerability of more than 300,000 internally displaced persons. The humanitarian imperative was prioritised by improving access to food, shelter, health care and education in emergencies. Resilience and recovery have been reinforced by supporting communitydriven agricultural extension, natural resource management and nutrition promotion. To promote protection and safer futures, awareness of human rights and international humanitarian law was raised and social protection mechanisms mobilised. Local governance was strengthened by investing in land administration systems, public administration capacities, inter-agency coordination and community feedback mechanisms..."
Source/publisher:
The Border Consortium (Thailand) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-29
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
TBC, TBBC, : Annual reports and 6-monthly Programme Reports, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
15.4 MB 713.64 KB
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Description:
"This Situation Update describes events occurring in Tha Htoo Township, Doo Tha Htoo (Thaton) District, during December 2023 and January 2024. This report covers many human rights violations committed by the State Administration Council (SAC) against villagers, including regular indiscriminate shelling, travel restrictions, and the prohibition of bridge construction. During the reporting period, the SAC troops shelled at least 278 rounds of mortar into or near civilian areas. The report also describes the impacts of the shelling on civilians’ livelihoods, access to education and healthcare, as well as the killing and injury of villagers: due to this SAC shelling, at least one villager was injured and two villagers died, including a 26-year-old pregnant woman. SAC shelling also caused heightened security risks, the displacement of more than 1,000 villagers, the destruction of at least 15 civilian houses, one school, and two monasteries, and the death of livestock.[1]
General Situation Overview:
This situation update presents the impacts of regular indiscriminate shelling conducted by the State Administration Council (SAC)[2] in Tha Htoo (Thaton) Township, Doo Tha Htoo District, in the period from December 2023 to January 2024. The shelling caused death and injuries of civilians, destruction of civilians’ properties and livestock, insecurity, displacement, and impacts on livelihoods, education and health services.
During the reporting period, the SAC increasingly conducted indiscriminate shelling in Tha Htoo Township and more mortar shells landed in village communities than in the previous months. Sometimes the SAC shelled mortar rounds into villages after being attacked by local armed resistance groups, but many times villagers did not know the reason why they were being shelled. Villagers heard the sound of mortar rounds explosions every day. Some mortars landed in their villages, some landed near the villages, and some landed in their farms or plantations. According to a local village leader, Saw[3] H--- from I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract[4], Tha Htoo Township: “They [SAC] regularly shelled mortar [rounds], every two or three days; they shelled about 20 [rounds of] mortar per time. Sometimes, they shelled about ten or sometimes more than ten [rounds of] mortar per shelling. […] The total amount of SAC mortar shells that landed in our area [I--- village] might be about a thousand rounds already. […] They did this as if their enemy [armed resistance forces] were in the community. They might keep their shelling target there [in I--- village]. It is hard to assume [the SAC’s strategy]. […] In the current situation, people do not do anything to [attack] them, but they [SAC soldiers] shell more mortar rounds into I--- village regularly.”
The SAC troops that conducted regular shelling in Tha Htoo Township are Light Infantry Battalion (LIB)[5] #206, who are based in an area between Du Yin Seik and P’Leh Hkaw villages; LIB #118, under Light Infantry Division (LID)[6] #44, whose camps are in Thaton Town; Infantry Battalion (IB)[7] #24, whose camp is based on a hill close to I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract; Military Training Unit #9, based in Ah Lan Ta Ya army camp on top of Ah Lan Ta Ya hill; LIB #9, based in Wa Pa army camp; Artillery Unit #314, based in Kya T’Raw (Zi Won) army base in Shwe Yaung Pya village tract; IB #8, based at Myay Taung army camp in Bilin Town; and Artillery Unit #402, who are based in an area between Nya T’Weh village, T’Noh village tract, and Noh Hpa Htaw village, Noh Ta Hsuh village tract. The SAC mainly used 120mm artillery for the shelling. Saw H---, the village head of I--- village, explained: “They use huge artillery weapons which have wheels. […] Most of the mortar [rounds] that landed in my village [I---] are 120mm.”
Although many human rights violations were committed by the SAC in Tha Htoo Township, KHRG researchers could document only some of the incidents due to the high security risks and travel restrictions preventing comprehensive documentation of all incidents. The incidents below were documented by KHRG researchers, who collected information and photos from witnesses and victims of the human rights violations across the District and sometimes witnessed the incidents themselves.
Situation and incidents in Tha Htoo Township
a. SAC shelling killed a pregnant woman and caused property destruction
On December 19th 2023, from around 7 pm to 9:30 pm, SAC LIB #206 and Artillery Unit #402 shelled approximately 23 rounds of 120mm mortar into I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township. Three rounds of mortar landed inside the village and about ten rounds of mortar landed outside of the village. The mortar explosions in the village killed a 26-year-old woman named Naw[8] K---, who was pregnant at the time. It also destroyed one monastery building and two houses owned by Saw L--- and Saw M---. During the incident, Naw K---, her 3-year-old daughter, and her husband were hiding in a bunker beside their house which they built as a safe place for them. One of the village leaders, Saw H---, testified: “The mortar landed in the middle of their house when they [wife, husband, and daughter] were hiding in the bunker beside the house. The mortar landed close to the bunker [and shrapnel injured her]. Her house was built with bricks, but all the brick [walls] were destroyed by the mortar explosion.”
Naw K--- died from major injuries and significant blood loss caused by the shrapnel of the mortar shell that hit her house. There was a lack of transport available and first aid provisions in the community were limited, preventing a quick response to the incident. Naw K--- was injured at about 7 pm and could not access support or medical treatment until 11 pm. She had to wait for many hours during the ongoing shelling which prevented other villagers from coming to help her until after the shelling stopped, which was around 9:30 pm. Villagers felt safe to help only after the shelling stopped, and there were no healthcare workers in the village to provide first aid for her. Therefore, villagers went to her house after the shelling and took her to a community clinic in L--- village by motorcycle and tractor.
L--- clinic is run by the Karen Department of Health and Welfare (KDHW)[9], under Karen National Union (KNU)[10] administration. The villagers travelled in fear of being shot by the SAC soldiers in the area, especially during nighttime curfew, and the road was difficult to travel on at night, so they arrived at L--- clinic at about 11 pm. The journey took around 1 hour. On arrival, health workers could not save Naw K---’s life because she had lost too much blood from the extreme injuries sustained. After two hours of treatment in the clinic, she passed away. Her three-year-old daughter and her husband were left without access to justice or compensation from the perpetrator. The village leader, Saw H---, explained: “Since we did not have any health worker in the village, we brought her directly to [L--- clinic]. We face challenges because there are no health workers or medical supplies available in our village. Right after this incident, we did not feel secure to go and help her immediately. We could help her only after about two hours, when the shelling stopped. We do not know whether it was her fate [for her life to end] or maybe her gallbladder exploded[11] caused by the extreme fear.”
As a result of the ongoing shelling in villages, villagers have been living with trauma and fear. In addition, about 40 houses in I--- village were damaged by the attacks and some were destroyed. Saw H--- reported that “some women have been suffering from heart attacks [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] because they could not stand to hear mortar explosion. Not only women, but also many children have heart attacks [PTSD], and they would run, scream, cry and even become unconscious when hearing mortar explosions. […] Villagers whose houses were destroyed [by shelling] face very hard situations to rise up [to rebuild their houses and livelihoods]. They probably may not be able to [re]build houses if their children do not migrate to Thailand [for job opportunities].”
b. Travel restrictions and prohibition of infrastructure construction
Villagers in Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township, reported to KHRG that they have been facing travel restrictions due to the ongoing armed conflict and curfews set up by the SAC in their area. Due to ongoing shelling, villagers do not feel secure going to their farms or plantations to work for their family livelihoods. The SAC has set up a curfew from 6 pm to 6 am, meaning that villagers could not leave their village during nighttime for hunting or to take care of their livestock.
Moreover, the SAC has prohibited I--- villagers from building a bamboo bridge between I--- and Ff--- village to make their entry to the village easier. I--- village is [almost completely] surrounded by rivers so villagers use boats to leave [some parts of] the village. The villagers face difficulties in accessing healthcare, travelling for their livelihood, and other family needs because of the difficulties crossing the rivers. Therefore, villagers decided to build a temporary bamboo bridge and started the construction process in early December 2023. During the bridge construction, SAC Artillery Unit #402 [from nearby Noh Hpa Htaw army camp] shelled six mortar rounds around the bridge area so villagers who were building the bridge had to flee for their lives and stopped building the bridge. Saw H---, one of the village leaders, explained: “They [some SAC soldiers] could see us from Du Oh Seik army camp [located on a hill]. […] We just need it [the bridge] for easier transportation. […] We just built the bridge with bamboo. We had to flee because they [SAC] shelled mortar rounds. Then, we received information from young villagers who went to apply for the [Myanmar] Identification Card at the ‘Immigration and Population Office’ and they were told by the head of the office that they [SAC] would not allow villagers to build the bridge. […] They [SAC] said they might be attacked [by local armed group] when there is a bridge. […] In my opinion, there is no relation between the bridge and them [SAC]. […] It would be good if we had a bridge to make transportation easier for us, especially transportation for healthcare purposes [to travel to clinics and buy medicine from other villages].”
c. Displacement due to indiscriminate shelling
Despite the SAC conducting regular shelling [in the area], most of the local villagers initially chose not to leave their houses because they had to protect their family properties and livelihoods, and did not want to displace themselves so they could access their livelihood means, houses, and health and education services in the villages. Mostly, villagers would flee from their villages only when rounds of mortar were landing in their villages and causing direct risk to their lives.
After the shelling on December 19th 2023 that killed a villager, Naw K---, and caused significant destruction in I--- village, over a thousand villagers from Shwe Yaung Pya and Kaw Ler village tracts had to flee from their villages in fear. Displaced villagers are from I---, O---, P---, Q---, R--- villages [and J--- village]. They have been displaced to different places; some villagers fled to the forest, others fled to their relatives’ houses in other villages, and others to towns and/or to their relatives’ houses in Thailand. Saw H---, the I--- village leader, reported to KHRG that, “There is no villager [remaining] in I--- village -villagers have been displaced because they [SAC] regularly shelled mortars into villages. […] Some villagers fled to other villages, or to Thaton Town, and some of them fled to Gg--- [a border city in Thailand] -to their relatives’ living there.” However, some elder villagers decided not to run anymore, and they just stay in the village to take care of their properties.
d. Education challenges
Some schools in Tha Htoo Township are under SAC administration and some are run by the Karen Education and Culture Department (KECD)[12], under the KNU. Due to SAC’s regular shelling in the communities, children and teachers have been facing high-security risks to go to schools. Therefore, the schools had to close temporarily when shelling was being conducted in their area. Villagers will re-open schools when the situation improves.
For instance, the school in I--- village, which is under SAC administration, has been closed since December 19th 2023 due to the SAC shelling in this village. Some mortar rounds landed inside the school compound and damaged the school buildings. Students and teachers have been displaced to different areas so they could not study in the places they sought safety in. One of the village leaders, Saw H---, testified: “We have a government [SAC]-run school. The school must close now because they [teachers and students] do not feel secure to teach and study anymore. The two school buildings were also damaged; shrapnel broke the glass of the school windows. […] Students have fled to different places, and they cannot go to school anymore. No villager feels safe to stay in the village so how can students go to school?”.
e. Healthcare and humanitarian assistance
The internally-displaced villagers from Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township, could not bring enough food, warm clothes, first aid supplies and other essential items when they were forced to flee. Therefore, they are in need of emergency support, such as drinking water, clothes, food and healthcare supplies. Villagers who fled to their relatives’ houses in other villages were receiving support from their relatives and friends, and villagers who fled to the forest, like in L--- cave, could access some support from religious groups and local organisations. Saw H---, the village leader also displaced from I--- village, explained: “One senior monk from L--- village came to us and donated drinking water. We face extreme cold in this cave, and it impacts [our health] because we usually do not live in cold areas like this. […] Some villagers are sick, so we ask Kawthoolei [KDHW] health workers to come and help us [to provide medical treatment]. […] We had to pay for some medicines because they could not cover all medical expenses for us. […] Running noses and coughs are common illnesses [symptoms]. […] Some villagers experienced diarrhoea during the first couple of days we fled here; it might be because they moved to an uncomfortable place and did not have proper food like they usually have. […] We also received food, rice and vegetables from other villagers, like Hh--- and Jj--- villagers [who did not flee].”
f. Livelihood challenges
Villagers in Kaw Ler village tract ordinarily plant rice paddy during winter and summer, but they could not work on the fields or farms and take care of their livestock to secure their family livelihoods due to the ongoing SAC shelling in the area. Some villagers had to sell their livestock at a lower price than the usual local rate and some lost their livestock, houses and other properties during the shelling and were left without access to any compensation or support. Therefore, villagers are worried about their family livelihoods and their future. Saw H--- explained the concerns to KHRG: “Some villages are hiding in fear with their children and they have to move to a safer place when they hear the sound of mortar explosion. They could not go far away from their children [when trying to secure their livelihoods, as they are responsible for them]. This is the most challenging for us [to secure livelihoods]. […] We do not feel secure to plant paddy on our farms anymore. Farming is the only job we have [for our livelihood]. […] We plant paddy in the dry season. […] People like us have to flee and cannot work on our farms so we face extreme livelihood problems. Currently, we are okay because we received food donations, but it will be worse when there is no humanitarian assistance for us [any longer]. […] We do not feel safe to work on our farms and have sold our livestock like cows and buffalos for a lower price […]. For example, one cow costs about 500,000 kyat [238 USD][13], but villagers have to sell it for only 200,000 or 300,000 kyat [95 or 143 USD] […] because they assumed they could lose their livestock [from the shelling] without receiving anything in return.” Saw H---, from I--- village, continued: “When we could stay in our homes, at least we could work to secure our family’s daily food. We do not feel safe staying in our home here, in rural communities [anymore]. We will stay home when we feel safe. […] I want to go home and stay in our house. The situation might be better if there is no shelling.”
Other Incidents in Tha Htoo Township:
a. December 1st 2023: Shelling in Daw Ya village tract
On December 1st 2023 at 4 am, SAC IB #8, based at Myay Taung army camp in Bilin Town, shelled two rounds of mortar which landed beside Kyeh Chay Hka village, K’Dee Poo village tract, Tha Htoo Township. It did not cause any damage or casualties.
On the same day at 10:10 am, the SAC soldiers encountered a local [resistance] armed group [unknown if Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA)[14] or People’s Defence Force (PDF)[15]] in Q--- village, Daw Ya village tract, Tha Htoo Township, and fighting broke out. The SAC, including soldiers from Artillery Unit #314 and IB #8, responded by shelling 108 rounds of mortar into different areas in Tha Htoo Township. Five of the mortar rounds landed beside T’Raw Meh village, eight mortar rounds landed in Bilin Kyon Th’Waw Mu Nu village, and 40 mortar rounds landed in A’Leh Kyon area, between Q--- village, Daw Ya village tract, and Bilin Kyon village, K’Dee Poo village tract. Five mortar rounds landed in an area between Kyeh Chay Hka and Bilin Kyon villages, K’Dee Poo village tract. Additionally, 15 mortar rounds landed in an area between Q--- and Keh Moh villages and 35 mortars landed in, and beside, Q--- village. The mortar explosions in Q--- village destroyed three villagers’ houses and injured five cattle. The owners of the houses destroyed by the mortar explosion are U[16] V---, Daw[17] W--- and Daw X---. The five injured cattle later died and were owned by Daw Y---.
b. December 2nd 2023: SAC shelling into several village tracts
On December 2nd 2023, at 4 am, SAC LIB #206 shelled two rounds of mortar that landed beside F--- village, Noh Ta Shu village tract, Tha Htoo Township. The mortar explosion killed five cattle and injured three cattle, owned by a local villager named Tee[18] Z--- (60 years old).
On the same day, at 4 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #402 shelled two rounds of mortar in Ma Kaw Koe area, near I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township. It did not cause property damage or casualties.
Later, at 5:30 pm, Artillery Unit #402 shelled another four rounds of mortar in Kaw Ler village tract. Two of the mortar rounds landed in an area close to Waw Poo cave and another two landed in L--- and Thee Ko villages. Also at this time, SAC IB #206 shelled another two rounds of mortar in Ma Kaw Koe area, near I--- village. It caused no casualty or [major] damage.
At 7:48 pm that day, SAC IB #8 based in Myay Taung army camp shelled four rounds of mortar in Tha Htoo Township. Two of the mortar rounds landed beside Th’Khaw Meh Th’Waw Poe village and one of them landed in an area between K’Dee Poo and Ko Mya villages, K’Dee Poo village tract. [Although not all mortar rounds may be found, the total number of mortar rounds that are shelled can be determined by the number of times the sound of the fired mortar is heard, as reported to KHRG.] SAC Artillery Unit #314 also shelled seven mortar rounds; three of them landed in an area between Kyeh Kay La and Bilin Kyon villages, one landed in Htee Hpoe Kler river near Kya T’Raw village, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract, and three landed in Klee Kloe Ka area. They did not cause casualties or damage.
c. December 4th 2023: Shelling into Daw Ya and Shwe Yaung Pya village tract
On December 4th 2023, between 8:18 am and 11 am, SAC Artillery Unit #314 and Infantry Battalion (IB) #8, based in Myay Taung army camp, shelled 31 mortar rounds into Daw Ya and Shwe Yaung Pya village tracts, Tha Htoo Township. Four of the mortar rounds landed beside Teh Too Ko village (on the eastern side), six rounds landed in Ah Leh Kyon village, and 15 rounds landed in Q--- village, all in Daw Ya village tract. The 15 mortar rounds that landed in Q--- village injured one villager, named Saw N--- (70 years old) on his right arm, and destroyed four houses owned by Ma[19] S--- (55 years old), Daw T--- (58 years old), Daw U--- (70 years old) and U G--- (58 years old). Five of the mortar rounds landed in Taw Tu Kloe (Daung Min Taung) stream area, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract, and damaged a monastery’s water tank.
d. December 5th 2023: Further shelling by the SAC
On December 5th 2023, between 6:45 and 7:20 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #314 shelled four mortar rounds into a farm beside Shwe Yaung Pya village, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract, Tha Htoo Township. It caused no [major] damage or casualties.
[On that day,] SAC LIB #9 also shelled five mortar rounds; one landed beside Ma Aye Chah village, and one landed in an area between Ma Aye Cha and Ka Ma So villages, Htee Nya Paw village tract, Tha Htoo Township. These also did not cause any casualties or damage to property. [The location where the other three rounds landed is unknown.]
[Additionally,] SAC Artillery Unit #402 also shelled two rounds of mortar into a farm near Kaw Ler village, Kaw Ler village tract, causing no [major] damage or casualties.
e. December 6th 2023: Shelling of 26 mortar rounds
On December 6th 2023, from 7:30 to 10 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #402, IB #24 and LIB #206 shelled 26 rounds of mortar [from their respective army bases] in Tha Htoo Township. Two mortar rounds landed beside Kaw Sa Taik factory and two rounds landed in an area between Noh Ta Shu village and T’Rweh Klo stream, Tha Htoo Township. Four rounds landed on a farm beside L--- village, two rounds landed beside Wa Poo Lay cave, four rounds landed beside Kaw Ler Nee village, six rounds landed in an area between Ma Kaw Ko and I--- villages, four rounds landed in an area between Htaw Pra and I--- villages, and two rounds landed in an area between Noh Hpa Htaw and Noh Ta Shu villages. They did not cause damage or injuries to civilians.
f. December 7th 2023: SAC shelling more than 40 mortar rounds
On December 7th 2023, between 12:20 pm and 9:10 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #314 shelled 23 rounds of mortar. Four rounds landed in the cemetery in P--- village, four rounds landed beside O--- village, six rounds landed in Htee Hpoe Naw Boe area, on O--- hill, two rounds landed on T’Hkaw Wah Loo hill, four rounds landed in Law Taw Tu stream, and three rounds landed beside Pa Aww Ko village. During the shelling, one P--- villager, named Saw Ea--- (46 years old), was injured on his head, neck and leg. He died as a result of these major injuries. Shrapnel from the mortar explosion injured three cattle in O--- village, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract. One cow was owned by Naw D--- (36 years old), one cow was owned by Naw B--- (57 years old), and one cow was owned by Naw C--- (47 years old).
On the same day, from 4:37 to 9:20 pm, SAC LIB #9 shelled more than 17 mortar rounds in Tha Htoo Township. Two rounds landed in Chaung Maing Kon village without causing damage or injury, one round landed beside O--- village and another one landed in O--- village. The mortar explosion in O--- village damaged or/and destroyed six houses, including those owned by Naw Aa--- (59 years old), Naw Bb--- (45 years old), Naw Cc--- (60 years old), Saw Dd--- (57 years old) and Saw Ee--- (68 years old). Six mortar rounds landed beside K’Law Kher village, two rounds landed in an area between M’Ya Kon and K’Law Kher villages, and three rounds landed beside M’Ya Kon village; none causing injury or damage. Four rounds landed beside Htee Nya Paw village, without causing damage or injury.
At 5 pm, LIB #206 also shelled two rounds of mortar in an area between Htaw Pra village and Kaw Sa Taik factory, Noh Ta Shu village tract, without causing damage or injury.
g. December 10th 2023: Further SAC shelling
On December 10th 2023, from 6:50 to 7:30 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #314 shelled four rounds of mortar that landed beside Lah Aww Kher village cemetery, Shwe Yuang Pya village tract, Tha Htoo Township, causing no damage or injury.
On the same day, LIB #9 also shelled four mortar rounds which landed beside Htee Nya Paw village, Htee Nya Paw village tract, without causing damage or casualties.
Further background reading on the human rights situation in Doo Tha Htoo District can be found in the following KHRG reports:..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-29
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) reports
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Format :
pdf
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2.72 MB
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Description:
"OVERVIEW
Internal displacement in Myanmar has reached a record high. Over three million people have been forced to flee their homes in just six months – a sharp increase of 50 per cent. Chin, Magway and Sagaing regions in North-West Myanmar host the highest number of those displaced at nearly 1.5 million people. Frequent airstrikes, armed clashes, civilian property destruction and arrests continue to exact a heavy toll, resulting in civilian casualties, injuries, and further forced displacement. The security landscape in Rakhine State has deteriorated drastically amid ongoing armed conflict. Humanitarian access for all UN agencies and INGOs has been mostly restricted since early November 2023 when fighting resumed. Armed clashes in Kayin State have also severely impacted civilians, causing a surge in new displacement within Myanmar and across the border into Thailand. The security situation in southern Kachin State, including urban areas, has also worsened significantly, leading displaced families living in protracted camps to relocate to safer locations in rural areas. UNHCR and partners are exploring ways to adapt to the volatile situation and provide critical assistance where possible despite access constraints.
In Thailand, fighting near the 2nd Thai-Myanmar Friendship Bridge in Mae Sot District and around Myawaddy Town in Myanmar’s Kayin State, resulted in some 3,000 refugees crossing into Thailand in two waves. Between 2 and 5 April, the Royal Thai Government (RTG) reported that close to 80 refugees were received in Nong Luang Temporary Safety Area (TSA) in Umphang District in Tak Province and remained there as of 1 May. Between 19 and 22 April, the RTG reported that close to 3,000 Myanmar refugees crossed into Mae Sot and were sheltered in TSAs. However, by 23 April, authorities reported that this group had returned to Myanmar. At the request of the RTG, UNHCR and humanitarian partners provided food and core-relief items (CRIs) to provincial authorities. UNHCR did not have access to the TSAs, and as such, protection assessments were not possible. UNHCR and partners are advocating with authorities for protection actors to gain access to the TSAs.
Since February 2021, approximately 60,400 individuals from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in India. Out of this population, 6,213 individuals are in New Delhi and have registered with UNHCR. As the monsoon season approaches, the humanitarian needs of Myanmar arrivals in Mizoram and Manipur are escalating, requiring more assistance such as mosquito nets and health facilities/services. Although humanitarian agencies and state governments are mobilizing the necessary support, there is a pressing need for additional resources to sufficiently address the needs of the Myanmar arrivals..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-28
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education and training of migrants and refugees from Burma, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf
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12.76 MB
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Description:
"This independent update, covering humanitarian developments up to 22 May, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued mid-June 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
• The humanitarian crisis in Myanmar has entered a dangerous new chapter with entrenched conflict posing grave risks to civilians, stirring a worrying resurgence of inter-communal tension and driving record levels of displacement.
• The humanitarian situation in Rakhine is particularly alarming with fighting intensifying and intercommunal tensions simmering. Access restrictions remain severe despite soaring needs. With the peak of the dry season, water scarcity and cases of Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD) have been widely reported while an estimated 1.6 million people are now estimated to be without access to hospital care in central and northern Rakhine.
• In Kayin, an intense battle for control of the key border trading town of Myawaddy resulted in both internal displacement and fluid cross-border population movement. An estimated 4,000 people from Myawaddy Town and surrounding areas remain displaced along the Myanmar-Thai border.
• As the volatile monsoon season approaches, strong winds and heavy rain have already hit several townships in Chin, Magway, Sagaing, and northern Shan in recent months, causing damage and destruction to civilian properties and other structures.
• Despite these challenges, humanitarian partners continue to deliver assistance to the people in need, reaching almost 1 million people during the first quarter of 2024 despite gross underfunding.
• The 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) remains alarmingly under-resourced, with only 10 per cent of required funding received, according to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). This is despite the deepening needs, the surge in new displacement, and soaring inflation that have further stretched the grossly insufficient resources across clusters..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf
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838.81 KB
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Description:
"Highlights
• The number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has now surpassed 3 million, with children continuing to bear the heaviest burden of the continuing violence and experiencing grave violations of their rights. Sustained humanitarian action to provide a comprehensive package of services remains challenging.
• In Rakhine, water scarcity and increase of acute watery diarrhoea cases are exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities. UNICEF is providing safe water through water boating and trucking services to internally displaced persons’ camps and communities. In addition, UNICEF with support of the WASH cluster, is providing water purification chemicals for the treatment of key water sources and systems to reduce the spread of infection.
• While 300,000 children missed routine vaccinations, UNICEF has vaccinated 88,043 children aged under one year against measles and rubella as of February 2024.
• The significant funding gap against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal persists. Securing timely and sufficient funding for immediate and sustained assistance is crucial to avert the worst outcomes for children and their families, especially with the onset of the monsoon season.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
The humanitarian situation continued to deteriorate across the country, with intensifying armed clashes leading to further displacement, increased security incidents, human rights violations and protection concerns. An additional 200,000 people were displaced internally over the past month. More than 3 million people are now internally displaced, 1 mainly in the northwest, where more than 1.5 million people have left their homes, followed by the southeast (932,900 people) and Rakhine (356,000).
In the southeast, fighting and airstrikes have escalated in Kawtkareik and Myawaddy since 11 April resulting in civilian injuries and deaths. In Loikaw, Hpasaung, Mawchi, Demoso and Bawlakhe in Kayah state, armed clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF), ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and the people’s defence forces (PDFs) have also been escalating, with airstrikes and artillery shelling resulting in civilian casualties and the increasing risk of injuries from landmines. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Kayah need urgent humanitarian support; they are suffering from acute water shortages especially in Hpruso township in these driest periods. In southern Shan, armed conflict involving artillery shelling and airstrikes have escalated in Hsihseng, Nyaungshwe, Pinlaung, Pekon and Moebye with some casualties. EAOs had reportedly increased their efforts for further recruitment, while MAF enforced the conscription law. People displaced from Moebye, Hsihseng and Pinlaung are in dire need of humanitarian support, especially food and shelter.
In the northwest, the situation remains unchanged with continuing armed clashes and restrictions on movement and supplies. At least 5,200 IDPs require humanitarian assistance in Katha, Tigyaing and Indaw townships in northern Sagaing.
In Rakhine, armed clashes are intensifying with aerial bombardment, heavy shelling, and increasing grave protection concerns and exacerbating an already vulnerable situation. The escalation in conflict has seen huge needs emerge in previously stable areas. Armed clashes in the outskirts of Buthidaung ignited a new level of conflict in and around the town and displaced at least 15,000 people. 2 The entire population in Buthidaung are without essential services, including health care. Basic commodities and essential items, including fuel, are scarce and cash is very difficult to obtain. While many vulnerable IDPs in Rakhine are short of water, there has been an increase cases of acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) in Sittwe and Pauktaw, with most of those affected being children aged under 5 years. In addition, more than 165,000 people are newly displaced here since the intensification of conflict in November 2023. The risk of forced recruitment by all parties to the conflict is a major protection concern, particularly for the vulnerable Rohingya people. The closure of roads and waterways, restricted access, limited telecommunications and internet connections, and authorizations are hampering attempts to provide humanitarian assistance.
Data released by UNICEF on 4 April, the International Day of Mine Awareness and Assistance, showed a significant increase in civilian casualties – including many children – due the use of landmines and other explosive ordnance. There were 1,052 verified civilian casualties from landmine and explosive ordnance incidents during 2023 – nearly triple the 390 incidents recorded in 2022. More than 20 per cent of the victims were children..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
440.24 KB
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Description:
""Ever since I reached three months into my pregnancy, I've been fleeing my village due to frequent armed clashes. The displacement has made it impossible for me to continue farming, leaving me without any income to take care of my health during pregnancy. As a displaced woman, the constant worry of ensuring a safe delivery looms over me," *Hla, a 31-year-old pregnant woman from the Sagaing region, one of Myanmar's most conflict-affected areas, told.
The conflict in Myanmar has led to a significant economic downturn, with countless individuals losing their livelihoods. According to the 2024 Myanmar Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, 1.4 million women and girls are in need of health assistance across the country in 2024. The ongoing strife has led to a dramatic surge in the number of internally displaced people (IDPs), reaching more than 3 million by the early of May, up from 2.6 million at the beginning of the year. Amidst this conflict, the challenge of accessing basic healthcare has become insurmountable for many, particularly for pregnant women. The fear of childbirth without proper medical care is a grim reality for those living in conflict-intensified areas. "The thought of going into labor without any assistance was terrifying. With the hospitals so far away and the roads unsafe, I didn't know how I would make it," *Hla added.
Recognizing the dire need, UNFPA, with the support of local partners, offers a lifeline through financial assistance for referral support. This involves identifying pregnant women in affected areas, providing them with financial assistance, and facilitating their safe transportation to hospitals. "When I learned about the support, it felt like a heavy burden being lifted off my shoulders. It gave me and my baby strength and ray of hope," *Hla expressed her relief and gratitude. This financial assistance is critical in ensuring that pregnant women can have safe deliveries, even in the midst of such challenging times.
This initiative is part of a broader effort by UNFPA, which in 2023 helped over 2,000 pregnant women affected by conflict through the referral support. In 2024, UNFPA aims to assist 4,800 women and girls with cash referral support for accessing emergency obstetric care, including safe deliveries. This work is crucial for preventing maternal deaths, especially in humanitarian crises.
*Hla's story represents many women in Myanmar who need maternal healthcare. The assistance provided by UNFPA, funded by the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), is vital for saving lives. Yet, as the conflict worsens, the need for humanitarian access grows, emphasizing the urgency to reach these women.
UNFPA's ongoing efforts in close collaboration with local organizations are a testament to the impact of combined actions in saving lives and ensuring safe childbirths in conflict zones. It's a call to the humanitarian community to stand together to support women and girls, particularly pregnant women in conflict-affected areas, ensuring that every childbirth is safe and that no woman dies while giving life..."
Source/publisher:
United Nations Population Fund (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-19
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), Human Rights and international relations, Public Health
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"KEY FINDINGS:
Market operations varied by township based on very different local security conditions;
Kyauktaw and Minbya markets gained new life while Maungdaw and Sittwe markets grew quieter;
Supply of vegetables and fuel worsened in April as part of a trend with little sign of changing soon;
Medicine and hygiene NFIs were most scarce, although NFIs in general were often unavailable;
Mrauk-U and Pauktaw markets functioned best, and supply improved in Mrauk-U again in April;
Maungdaw retailers still faced dire challenges, and shipping costs rose in Maungdaw in Sittwe.
Market Functionality - Market operations continued to vary regionally based on security conditions. Operations resumed in Minbya Town in April, but Maungdaw and Sittwe operated irregularly. Security conditions improved slightly but remained tenuous in some markets.
Market Activity - Some markets continued to regain life, but Sittwe and Maungdaw remained subdued. Activity increasingly returned to Minbya and Kyauktaw Town markets, despite lingering security risks there. Village markets in Pauktaw and Ponnagyun remained swollen due to the loss of nearby town markets. Maungdaw market activity dipped further in April, and Sittwe activity shifted to ward markets. Most markets still served only nearby villages as fuel costs limited customer movement.
Availability of Goods - Supply of fuel and vegetables worsened in April, but supply was otherwise stable. Availability of vegetables worsened as local production declined regionally, and fuel supply worsened after improving slightly in March. Supply was poorest in Maungdaw, Sittwe, and Minbya Towns, with the latter two relying mostly on ward markets which seldom sell NFIs.
Transport & Logistics - Shipping costs rose further in Sittwe and Maungdaw but were stable elsewhere. Shipping costs outside of Sittwe stabilized in April after two months of moderate price relief. Retailers continued sourcing goods from neighboring townships, and several paid high prices to order goods from Yangon via Toungup. Sittwe and Maungdaw markets still remained isolated in the region and faced rising shipping costs.
Retailer Challenges - Retailers in some markets reported fewer challenges in April than in March. Retailers in Kyauktaw and Mrauk-U reported fewer challenges related to supply and cash access as market activity there grew. Yet retailers in Maungdaw continued to face multiple severe hurdles to selling goods. Safety/security and weak demand were common concerns, while worries about poor cash access receded slightly (in part due to greater prominence in April of ward retailers, who mostly sell vegetables and require less working capital)..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (Myanmar) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first), Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
11.37 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
"Tuberculosis (TB) is a social disease – and migration, as a social determinant of health, may increase TB-related morbidity and mortality among migrants and the communities in which they live. Across the countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), migrants face various barriers to accessing TB detection and treatment services. The Global Fund Strategy 2023–2028 highlights the importance of human rights, gender equality and community engagement, and of addressing the social determinants of TB, through a package of comprehensive and quality TB services. Further analysis of available evidence relating to the community, rights and gender (CRG) dimension of migration and TB in the GMS is therefore needed to ensure that TB programmes in the region are more responsive to the needs and rights of affected communities, contributing to the elimination of TB among migrants, as well as the broader population. This report reviews existing CRG literature, with a specific focus on TB among migrants in the GMS, and categorizes available information, remarking on the country-specific situation in terms of migration, TB burden, key and vulnerable populations for TB, the stigma attached to TB, and human rights-related and gender-based barriers to TB services. The report proposes a set of recommendations, to be considered at the regional and country levels, based on the findings of the review..."
Source/publisher:
International Organization for Migration ( Switzerland)
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-13
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.12 MB
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