"A. SITUATION ANALYSIS..... Description of the crisis..... Typhoon Yagi made landfall on 8 September 2024, bringing torrential rainfall and strong winds that persisted until 12 September 2024 and triggering one of the most severe flood and landslide emergencies in recent years in Myanmar. The storm affected approximately 1.1 million people across 70 townships in nine states and regions, including Bago, Kayin, Eastern and Southern Shan, Mandalay, Magway, Mon, and Naypyitaw, overwhelming local response capacities and isolating many communities. By 27 September 2024, more than 360 fatalities had been confirmed, with over 100 individuals still missing, while more than 320,000 people were displaced into overcrowded and poorly equipped shelters or informal sites. The disaster caused extensive damage to infrastructure, with over 141,000 structures, including homes, schools, offices, roads, and bridges, damaged or destroyed, and more than 2.3 million hectares of cropland and over 176,000 livestock lost, severely impacting rural livelihoods at the end of the main rice‑growing season. In October 2024, additional low-pressure systems over the Bay of Bengal brought recurrent flooding, compounding the damage in Mandalay and the Shan States. Humanitarian relief operations were severely disrupted, and the destruction of local markets, health facilities, and homes further deepened existing vulnerabilities. On 28 March 2025, before communities had a chance to recover from the flooding, a powerful 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, with the epicenter located in Sagaing Region and strong shaking felt across Bago, Mandalay, Magway, Naypyitaw, Eastern Shan, and Southern Shan. The earthquake caused widespread devastation, including in areas still recovering from Typhoon Yagi, leading to the collapse of homes, religious buildings, schools, and health facilities. As of June 2025, official records indicated at least 3,745 deaths and 61 people missing, though actual figures were likely higher due to underreporting from the collapse of religious and community centres that were hosting internally displaced people and public events at the time. Nearly 52,000 homes were damaged or destroyed, alongside hundreds of hospitals and thousands of schools, while approximately 18,200 people sheltered in 103 evacuation centres and more than 265,000 stayed with relatives or in makeshift structures under hazardous and overcrowded conditions. The total estimated economic loss from the earthquake exceeded USD 1.7 billion (CHF 1.3 billion), reflecting extensive damage to homes, roads, farmlands, and public infrastructure. On 29 March 2025, the IFRC launched an Emergency Appeal for the earthquake seeking CHF 100 million to support 100,000 of the most affected people. The twin disasters of Typhoon Yagi and the March 2025 earthquake caused severe and overlapping damage to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems, leaving many communities without safe drinking water or functional latrines. Floodwaters contaminated rivers, ponds, and shallow wells, while landslides and debris destroyed or blocked water points, and the earthquake subsequently collapsed already weakened piped networks, storage tanks, and sanitation facilities. As a result, many households resorted to unsafe surface water and open defecation, sharply increasing the risk of waterborne diseases such as acute watery diarrhoea and cholera, as well as vector‑borne diseases like dengue and malaria as stagnant water accumulated around flooded and damaged settlements. Overcrowded shelters and evacuation sites, often with poor drainage, limited bathing facilities, and insufficient hygiene supplies, further heightened these risks and made infection prevention and control extremely difficult, particularly at the onset of the 2025 monsoon season. Simultaneously, the destruction of farmland, irrigation systems, storage facilities, and rural markets deepened food insecurity and severely disrupted livelihoods. Many farming families who lost standing crops, seeds, tools, and livestock to the floods were further affected by the earthquake. In several affected townships, fields remained uncultivable due to siltation, erosion, or damage to irrigation infrastructure, reducing both immediate harvests and future planting prospects and driving up reliance on markets at a time when staple food and fuel prices were rising. Small traders, daily labourers, and informal workers also lost income as shops, warehouses, and local markets were destroyed or could not operate regularly, forcing households to deplete savings, take on high-interest debt, or sell productive assets to meet basic needs. The psychological and social impacts of these cascading crises were profound. Thousands of people were displaced multiple times, grieving the loss of loved ones, homes, livelihoods, and community networks, while living for prolonged periods in temporary shelters or with host families under crowded and stressful conditions. Children, older persons, people with disabilities, and those with pre-existing mental health conditions face additional barriers in accessing services and support, including safe spaces, education, and specialized care. Reports from affected areas highlighted elevated levels of distress, anxiety, and depression, and underscored the urgent need for sustained Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), protection services, and community-based support mechanisms to help individuals and communities cope and recover..."