Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Individual Documents
Description:
"In Myanmar, the political and economic crisis following the COVID-19 pandemic and the overthrow of the civilian authorities on Feburary 1st, 2021 has led to an explosion in humanitarian needs.
Access to essential goods has become more difficult, and tensions and violence in the country have led to significant population displacement. The shortages observed concern access to food, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene as well as health and education. Hundreds of thousands of people are now extremely vulnerable.
The situation could quickly become even more dramatic with the arrival of the dry season: the increased drought that hits the country every year during this period confronts the population with a water scarcity. The water shortages particularly affect the displaced population, including the Rohingya communities living in the camps on the Pauktaw islets in Arakan State.
LOGISTICAL CHALLENGE
To meet these critical needs, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL has been securing water supplies for the Pauktaw camps since 2012. This is a major logistical challenge as the water has to be pumped from a distance, transported by boat and then transferred from the coast to the camps via a pipeline system so that it can be treated and distributed to the population. This requires a great deal of coordination between the different actors involved in these operations. “It is also very important to be able to adapt to daily constraints such as tide times and possible breakdowns,” says Jean-Loup Gouot, country director of the Myanmar mission.
Hygiene kits consisting of soap and other essential hygiene products (toothbrushes, toothpaste, detergent, sanitary towels, etc.) are also distributed and awareness-raising sessions on good hygiene practices are held.
The NGO’s mobilisation is crucial in that it enables the people it supports to drink drinking water, cook and wash.
Our aim is to reduce the risks of spreading diseases and epidemics caused by the ingestion of unsafe water and lack of hygiene,” says Jean-Loup Gouot.
It also allows people living in the camps to work.
Before, fetching water took a long time because the available water source was far from my home. As the head of the household, I didn’t have enough time to fetch water and work,” says Adumaw Gyi, a resident of Kyein Ni Pyin camp.
Access to water remains quantitatively limited. The needs are such that it is sometimes difficult to provide more than 10 litres of water per day per person, half the minimum recommended by the World Health Organisation.
FINANCIAL CHALLENGE
Humanitarian actors and donors must respond to emerging needs following the health crisis and the coup, while continuing to meet pre-existing needs.
In this context, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL is having difficulty securing the funds it needs to make its activities possible in the Pauktaw IDP camps in Arakan State, home to more than 23,700 Rohingya, including nearly 6,000 children.
The stakes are high and the support of all in this response will allow this population to limit the risk of spreading serious waterborne diseases within the camps (cholera, acute diarrhoea, etc.) but also to better contain the spread of COVID-19. This risk is all the more worrying as the populations concerned have no access to health structures and their freedom of movement is restricted..."
Source/publisher:
Solidarités International
Date of entry/update:
2022-04-12
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
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Description:
"Highlights
• As of 28 March 2022, the northwest region, including Sagaing, Chin and Magway, has 308,600 internally displaced people (IDPs), the highest number in the country, out of a growing national total of 558,000 people displaced since February 2021.
• In Chin, persistent travel and transportation restrictions are hindering the delivery of health and nutrition supplies and impacting programming. Local solutions are being adapted to cope.
• For the first quarter of 2022, UNICEF has received 14 per cent of the requested US$ 151.4 million to support the children of Myanmar.
More is needed to ensure 1.1 million children get better access to health care and education, protection, safe drinking water and malnutrition supplementation and treatment.
• 23,153 people received primary health care services across Rakhine, Kachin, Shan, Kayin and Yangon peri-urban area, and 585 children aged 9 to 18 months were vaccinated against measles in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2022-04-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
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Description:
"Human Rights Council
Forty-ninth session
28 February–1 April 2022
Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention
Summary
Thirteen months after launching a coup against the government, an illegal military junta has waged a relentless war against the people of Myanmar and their fundamental rights. The results have been devastating. Junta forces have killed at least 1,600 civilians and displaced over 500,000. Half of the population has fallen into poverty. The World Health Organization is now projecting that there will be over 47,000 preventable deaths in Myanmar this year. Thirteen million people face food insecurity.
This report highlights some of the most serious human rights violations in Myanmar during the period September 2021 through February 2022. It documents the military’s violent attacks on civilian populations, including airstrikes, mortaring, arson, extrajudicial killings, and the use of forced labor and human shields. The report describes the junta’s campaign to arrest and imprison activists, journalists, peaceful protesters and other opponents. It documents the junta’s criminalization of fundamental rights such as freedom of speech and assembly. It also shares the experiences of those who have faced torture and other illtreatment during periods of detention. Many of these attacks constitute probable crimes against humanity and/or war crimes, and perpetrators must be brought to justice.
The report describes the efforts of the people of Myanmar to oppose the military junta and defend their nation. Led by large numbers of young people, including many young women, protest organizers have demonstrated great skill, tenacity and creativity in the mobilization of opposition despite the near constant threat of imprisonment or death. The Special Rapporteur is inspired by their conviction and tireless efforts.
To succeed, the people of Myanmar need a much stronger level of support from the international community. The report concludes with specific recommendations that he urges UN Security Council and Member States to take.
I. Introduction
More than 13 months after overthrowing a democratically elected government, the Myanmar junta has intensified its war against the people of Myanmar. The military has escalated its indiscriminate attacks against civilians using jet fighters, attack helicopters and heavy artillery, and soldiers have burned entire villages to the ground. Civilians and combatants have been tortured, raped, executed and used as human shields.
The scale of these atrocities is immense. According to conservative estimates, at least 1,600 civilians have been killed by the junta’s forces. Nearly 10,000 people are currently detained because of their opposition to military rule, and the junta has amended the legal code to further criminalize the exercise of fundamental rights including the rights to freedom of expression and assembly. More than 500,000 people have been displaced since the coup bringing the current number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Myanmar to over 800,000. Tens of thousands who have sought safety in Bangladesh, India and Thailand have joined the approximately one million refugees from Myanmar in neighboring countries.
Many of the junta’s human rights violations constitute probable crimes against humanity and war crimes. Those responsible must be held to account.
This report highlights some of the most serious human rights concerns in Myanmar during the period September 2021 through February 2022. It documents the military’s violent attacks on civilian populations, including airstrikes, mortaring, arson, extrajudicial killings, and the use of forced labor and human shields. These attacks have created and exacerbated the dire humanitarian crisis that now grips the country, threatening the livelihoods, health and lives of millions. The report describes the junta’s campaign to arrest and imprison thousands of activists, journalists, peaceful protesters and other opponents. It also shares the experiences of those who have faced torture and other ill-treatment during periods of detention. The Special Rapporteur describes the particular dangers and human rights challenges faced by women and children and outlines the junta’s efforts to criminalize and otherwise suppress fundamental rights and freedoms. This report also describes the dire human rights situation for Rohingya populations in Rakhine State, including those who are confined to IDP camps.
In December 2021, the Special Rapporteur traveled to Bangladesh, as part of his overall assessment of the human rights situation of the Rohingya people of Myanmar. In an annex to this report, the Special Rapporteur reflects on his trip, noting the role that the people and government of Bangladesh played in saving untold numbers of Rohingya as they fled the genocidal attacks of the Myanmar military in Rakhine State. He makes recommendations with respect to the protection of and support to Rohingya in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar and on Bhasan Char island.
The report follows the publication in February 2022 of the Special Rapporteur’s conference paper on arms sales to the Myanmar military (A/HRC/49/CRP.1). It underscores concerns raised in the paper, namely that several nations continue to sell or authorize the transfer of weapons of war to the Myanmar military, despite knowledge that the weapons are almost certain to be used in attacks against civilians. These transfers violate international law.
Many people in Myanmar—including the victims of human rights abuses and their family members, some of whom are highlighted in this report—have told the Special Rapporteur that they are profoundly disappointed with the failure of the international community to act decisively to help prevent atrocities and hold perpetrators accountable. The Special Rapporteur reiterates his call to the UN Security Council to adopt a resolution imposing an arms embargo and targeted economic sanctions against the Myanmar military and referring the situation in Myanmar to the International Criminal Court. He elaborates steps that Member States should take in the absence of Security Council action. The Special Rapporteur notes the strong and swift action taken by Member States on behalf of the people of Ukraine and implores the international community to act similarly to protect the people of Myanmar. They too are under siege by a brutal and relentless military attack.
The Special Rapporteur reiterates his deep admiration for the courage and resilience of the Myanmar people. He has been inspired by the bravery of survivors of human rights violations who have taken great personal risks to speak with him, by the resourcefulness of activists who have found new and creative ways to challenge military rule, and by the resilience of communities that have repeatedly rebounded from attacks over many months, years or decades. The Special Rapporteur is honored to share their stories, and their words, in this report. He is also grateful to the non-governmental and civil society organizations, human rights defenders, local human rights groups, Member States and United Nations programs and agencies that contributed to this report..."
Source/publisher:
UN Human Rights Council via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2022-03-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Statements and reports by the Special Rapporteur on Myanmar and the High Commissioner for Human Rights to regular sessions of the Human Rights Council, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Title: UNICEF Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report: Reporting Period: 1 January to 28 February 2022
Description:
"Highlights
• From 27 December 2021 to 14 February 2022, the number of internally displaced persons (IDP) significantly increased across the country, particularly in Sagaing, which has the highest number of IDPs; 146,500 compared to 78,300 at the end of 2021.
• In southern Shan, a surge of displacement has been reported following the hostilities in Kayah and Kayin in January, and the IDP population has doubled from 29,200 at the end of 2021 to 59,800 as of 14 February.
• To support the displaced communities of southern Shan, UNICEF partners Relief International and Karuna Mission Social Solidarity (KMSS) expanded their reach and distributed WASH supplies and hygiene kits, benefiting 35,000 people in the camps at Taunggyi, Hsihseng, Nyaung Shwe, Pin Laung and Pindaya townships.
• In Rakhine, Kachin and Yangon, 35,548 children (17,380 girls) were screened for acute malnutrition. Some 1,092 severe and moderate cases (606 girls) were found and the children were provided with nutrition treatment services.
Funding Overview and Partnerships
UNICEF Myanmar Country Office is appealing for US$151.4 million in 2022 to address the needs of the targeted 1.7 million people, including an estimated 1.1 million children. During the reporting period, UNICEF received US$4.3 million from the Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance and Germany to support immediate nutrition, health, WASH, education and child protection needs including the COVID-19 response. In addition, UNICEF Myanmar has carried forward US$14 million received in 2021 from the generous support of Japan/JICA, USA/USAID, Norway, European Commission/ECHO, GAVI the Vaccine Alliance, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), the Global Thematic Humanitarian Response and the Global Partnership for Education. UNICEF worked very closely with implementing partners at local level to provide humanitarian assistance to ensure continued access to basic social services. The UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) appeal has a funding gap of 88 per cent. Without this funding, 81 per cent of targeted children will not be able to receive treatment and nutrition counselling services, and millions of children will continue to remain out of school without access to basic social services such as immunization.
UNICEF expresses its gratitude to all the donors (private and public) for their contributions to support the children of Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
At the beginning of 2022, UNICEF released its HAC appeal in Myanmar, scaling up its response to reach 1.7 million people. This includes 1.1 million children out of an estimated 5 million children in need of life-saving assistance since the start of the conflict in February 2021. The current reporting period has been characterized by an intensification of the conflict, and heavy prolonged hostilities have been reported in the northwest and southeast of the country. In January, fighting in Kayah and Kayin caused a mass influx of people to the neighbouring region of southern Shan, and further challenges with the telecommunication network, electricity and water supply were reported. There were also disruptions to fuel supplies and the transportation of food and non-food items due to checkpoints, restrictions and added scrutiny. This affected the humanitarian partners’ ability to reach IDP sites and host communities where there is an escalating need for life-saving services on health, education, water, food and shelter.
As of 14 February 2022, the national total of IDPs reached a new high of 453,000 according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as an extra 132,000 people have been displaced since 27 December 2021. Following the intense clashes in Kayah and Kayin, southern Shan now accounts for 59,800 IDPs, an increase of 30,600 compared to the end of 2021.
Another surge in displacement is also reported in Sagaing, where airstrikes and bombardments have been reported, resulting in 146,500 people being displaced, the highest number in the country.
The situation in the northwest, including Chin State, Magway, and Sagaing continues to deteriorate due to the escalation in fighting between the Myanmar Armed Forces, local People’s Defense Forces (PDF) and Chinland Defence Forces.
Humanitarian assistance in the region is hindered by fighting, security concerns and travel restrictions, with only a few transporters providing services, impacting costs. Additionally, the activity of some partners has been delayed due to banking restrictions and difficulties in withdrawing cash.
Despite the above-mentioned challenges, UNICEF and its partners have helped 152,747 people, including 87,320 children during the reporting period, in the areas of nutrition, health, water, sanitation and hygiene promotion, child protection, education, social policy and accountability. This assistance would not be possible without the collaboration of dedicated partners, especially the local organizations who have been a strong ally in ensuring a better reach of marginalized communities..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2022-03-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
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373.67 KB
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Description:
"This Situation Update describes events occurring in Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District from April to June 2021. This report highlights issues related to the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), the COVID-19 pandemic, and the education situation. After the military coup, many government staff joined the CDM and have been seeking temporary shelter in areas controlled by the Karen National Union (KNU). COVID-19 cases have increased, resulting in travel restrictions and an increase in the price of goods. Some villagers cannot afford to buy goods because they do not have jobs. In June 2021, one of the Karen primary schools reopened for one month but was closed again when COVID-19 cases increased. The school will reopen when the situation improves.[1]
Introduction
This situation report covers events that occurred in Ta Kreh [Paingkyon] Township, Hpa-an District, in the period from April to June 2021, following the military coup. This situation update will discuss the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)[2], COVID-19, and the education situation in Ta Kreh Township.
The Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and travel restrictions
In May 2021, CDM participants from different towns and districts came to H--- village, Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District. These CDM participants are of different ethnic and religious backgrounds and had different [professional] positions.
In April 2021, there were no travel restrictions [in Hpa-an District]. An organisation [villagers were not able to identify the name of the organisation] came and provided training on issues such as healthcare, water purification, food preparation, healthcare for pregnant women and infants, sexual violence, and COVID-19 prevention. Since May 2021, however, it has become more difficult to travel because the State Administration Council (SAC)[3] has been searching for and arresting CDM participants. Therefore, it is not easy for this organisation to enter the area.
COVID-19 and its impacts
In June 2021, COVID-19 cases increased, resulting in travel restrictions and an increase in the price of goods. Some villagers struggled to get food because they did not have jobs and were unable to earn their livelihoods. Furthermore, some villagers were infected with COVID-19 at the shop where the villagers used to buy goods. The SAC military government ordered the shop to close temporarily.
Since the COVID-19 situation has grown worse, organisations, including the one noted above [that came to provide training], have been unable to come to Ta Kreh Township to organise activities.
Other Healthcare
There was a pregnant woman in the area [Ta Kreh Towship] who needed to give birth via caesarean section (C-section), so she couldn’t give birth [in the village] and needed to go to the hospital [to give birth]. She went to the public hospital, but they rejected her [because they did not have capacity to treat her]. She then had to go to the private hospital to deliver her baby. After she recovered from childbirth, she came back and stayed at her mother’s house [in Ta Kreh Township].
Education
In June 2021, the Karen [Karen Education and Culture Department (KECD)[4]] primary school in T’Koo Traw village, Noh Hkwee village tract,[5] Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District, reopened because students from the other villages came to attend that school. There were four teachers and over 70 students attending the Karen [KECD] primary school. [At this time] Myanmar government schools were still closed. In July 2021, however, the majority of villagers were infected with COVID-19 and the school was closed for two weeks. If the situation improves, the school will reopen. The Karen National Union (KNU)[6] also announced a temporary closure of Karen schools.
Conclusion
Though there might be many other events that occurred during this period in 2021, due to the COVID-19 situation, KHRG’s researcher was unable to travel [to collect other information] and so was not able to provide KHRG with information on other events. In 2021, there have been many challenges for the [local] community because of the military coup and the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the livelihood, education and travel situations are very different than they were before [the military coup and COVID-19].
Footnotes:
[1] The present document is based on information received in July. It was provided by a community member in Hpa-an who has been trained by KHRG to monitor human rights conditions on the ground. The names of the victims, their photos and the exact locations are censored for security reasons. The parts in square brackets are explanations added by KHRG.
[2] On February 2nd 2021, healthcare workers at state-run hospitals and medical facilities across Myanmar spearheaded what is being referred to as a Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) consisting of labour strikes in protest against the February 1st 2021 military coup. The movement quickly spread to include civil servants from all sectors of the government who are walking off their jobs as a way of non-recognition and non-participation in the military regime. Because of the popularity of the movement, and its seminal role in wider protests across the country, some people have begun using it as a catch-all phrase to include other protest forms like boycotts and pot-banging.
[3] The State Administration Council (SAC) is the executive governing body created in the aftermath of the February 1st 2021 military coup. It was established by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing on February 2nd 2021, and is composed of eight military officers and eight civilians. The chairperson serves as the de facto head of government of Myanmar and leads the Military Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the government. Min Aung Hlaing assumed the role of SAC chairperson following the coup.
[4] The Karen Education and Culture Department is the education department of the Karen National Union. Its main goals are to provide mother tongue education services to rural Karen populations in Southeast Myanmar, as well as to preserve the Karen language, culture and history. Despite being an important education provider in the region, it is not officially recognised by the Myanmar government.
[5] A village tract is an administrative unit of between five and 20 villages in a local area, often centred on a large village.
[6] The Karen National Union (KNU) is the main Karen political organisation. It was established in 1947 and has been in conflict with the Burma/Myanmar government since 1949. The KNU wields power across large areas of Southeast Myanmar and has been calling for the creation of a democratic federal system since 1976. Although it signed the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in 2015, relations with the government remain tense..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group
Date of entry/update:
2022-02-22
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Type:
Individual Documents
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Sub-title:
အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်းကြေညာခြင်း
Description:
"၁။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသည် ၂၀၂၁ခုနှစ်၊ ဧပြီလ (၂၆) ရက်နေ့တွင် ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၂/၂၀၂၁)ဖြင့် ကြားကာလယာယီတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများအား အသိအမှတ်ပြုမည် ဖြစ်ကြောင်းကို ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာခဲ့ပြီး ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
၂။ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသို့ ကြားကာလယာယီတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီဖွဲ့စည်းပြီး ဖြစ်ကြောင်းကို [email protected] နှင့် [email protected] Email သို့ (၂၃ ရက် အောက်တိုဘာလ ၂၀၂၁ မှ ၂၀ ရက် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၂၀၂၂ နံနက် ၉:၀၀ နာရီအထိ ) ပေးပို့လာသော အောက်ဖော်ပြပါ ကြားကာလယာယီ တက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများနှင့် ကြားကာလ စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီများကို အသိအမှတ်ပြုပါကြောင်း နှင့် ဝန်ကြီးဌာန၏ မျှော်မှန်းချက်၊ ရည်မှန်းချက်၊ မဟာဗျူဟာ၊ မူဝါဒနှင့်အညီ ဝန်ကြီးဌာန၏ စုပေါင်း အကောင်အထည် ဖော်ဆောင်ရွက်မည့် လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များတွင် ကြားကာလ ယာယီတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများ နှင့်အတူ ပူးပေါင်းလက်တွဲ ဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည် ဖြစ်ကြောင်း ကြေညာလိုက်သည်။
(1) ဗန်းမော်တက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီ
(2) တောင်ကုတ် တက္ကသိုလ် ကြားကာလ ယာယီတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီ
(3) နည်းပညာ တက္ကသိုလ် (ပခုက္ကူ) တက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီ (ယာယီ)
(4) မော်လမြိုင်ပညာရေးဒီဂရီကောလိပ်ယာယီအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ
(5) အနုပညာအထက်တန်းကျောင်း ကြားကာလယာယီပညာရေးကောင်စီ
(6) အစိုးရ စက်မှုလက်မှု သိပ္ပံ (ဂန့်ဂေါ) ယာယီကျောင်းအုပ်ချုပ်ရေး ကောင်စီ
၃။ ကြားကာလယာယီတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီ (သို့မဟုတ်) ကြားကာလယာယီအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီများ ဖွဲ့စည်းပြီးသော်လည်း [email protected] နှင့် [email protected] သို့ Email ပေးပို့ရန် ကျန်ရှိသောကျောင်းများ နှင့် ဖွဲ့စည်းရန်ကျန်ရှိသော တက္ကသိုလ်၊ ကောလိပ်၊ သိပ္ပံ၊ ကျောင်းများမှ ကြားကာလယာယီတက္ကသိုလ် ကောင်စီများ (သို့မဟုတ်) ကြားကာလယာယီစီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီများ ဖွဲ့စည်းပြီးပါကဖွဲ့စည်းပြီးကြောင်းကို[email protected] နှင့်[email protected] Email သို့ ဆက်သွယ်ပေးပို့ပါရန်နှင့် ဆက်သွယ်ပေးပို့လာမှုအတိုင်း အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်းကို ဆက်လက် ထုတ်ပြန်ပေးသွားမည် ဖြစ်သည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2022-02-20
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Description:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments from 1 and 31 January, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UNHCR. The next humanitarian update will be issued in March 2022.
HIGHLIGHTS
The security and humanitarian situations across Myanmar have further deteriorated during January with intensified conflict in multiple states and regions, particularly in northwest and southeast Myanmar, resulting in additional loss of life, destruction of civilian property and increasing internal and cross- border displacement.
As of 31 January, an estimated 441,500 people remained internally displaced across Myanmar due to clashes and insecurity since 1 February 2021. This is in addition to the 370,400 people living in protracted displacement before February 2021.
Humanitarian actors have continued providing critical life-saving assistance to displaced people and host communities wherever they can, including through local partners amid serious access challenges.
Preparedness efforts to contain the fourth wave of COVID-19 are ongoing. These include surveillance, case management, infection prevention and control, and Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE).
An outbreak of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) has been reported in displacement sites hosting those affected by Arakan Army (AA)-Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) conflict and in Rohingya IDP camps in three townships in Rakhine State. Humanitarian partners have collectively intervened to contain the outbreak and continue monitoring the situation.
In January, UNOCHA released the 2022 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), which requests US$826 million to reach 6.2 million people in need of life-saving humanitarian support.
KEY FIGURES *
441K
People currently displaced across Myanmar by clashes and insecurity since February 2021
370K
People remain internally displaced in Rakhine, Kachin, Chin and Shan due to conflict before February 2021
232K
People remain internally displaced in southeast Myanmar due to conflict since February 2021
3.5K
Civilian properties, including houses, churches, monasteries and schools burnt down or destroyed since February 2021.
**Displacement figures fluctuate during any given month. These figures represent the number of people currently displaced. Cumulative numbers for returns and displacement are not always available.
SITUATION OVERVIEW
A year on from the 1 February 2021 military takeover, the security, humanitarian and human rights situation in Myanmar continues to be dominated by intensified hostilities between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and various ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), as well as People’s Defence Forces (PDFs) across multiple states and regions, with no respite on the horizon. Heightened conflict during January saw loss of civilian lives, destruction of homes and livelihoods, and a surge in internal and cross-border displacement.
Protection of civilians and threats to basic rights remain a grave concern for the humanitarian community among escalating tensions. According to OHCHR, the violence that has ensued and spread across the country since February 2021 has claimed the lives of at least 1,5001 people, including men, women, boys and girls, and many have been injured or maimed. Of the total, more than 114 were children under 18 years old, including at least 18 children in January alone. Furthermore, between 1 January and 31 December 2021, UNICEF reports that 169 landmine and explosive remnant of war (ERW) incidents in which 88 civilians, including 19 women and 19 children, were killed and another 196 people, including 33 women and 55 children, were injured.
A year of unprecedented violence has driven desperate need in new areas and has further compounded the humanitarian situation for those already displaced and suffering. According to UNHCR,4 441,500 people remain internally displaced across the country due to violence and insecurity since February 2021. This recent displacement has already exceeded the number of displaced people in Rakhine, Chin, Shan and Kachin states from conflicts prior to the military takeover (370,400 IDPs). As of 31 January 2022, more than 3,500 houses, churches, monasteries, schools, and markets had been either burnt down or destroyed, mainly in Chin and Kayah states and Sagaing and Magway regions. The humanitarian needs of displaced people as well as host communities are escalating and include food, shelter and relief items, as well as access to life-saving services, including health and education. As a result of conflict and the political crisis, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, poverty has surged. UNDP projects that nearly half of Myanmar’s 54 million people – some 25 million people – are in poverty heading into 2022. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that in 2021, only 18.9 million women and men were employed, which is 1.6 million (8 per cent) fewer than in 2020.6 Food insecurity is rising because of increasing poverty. More than 13 million people are now in moderate or severe food insecurity across the country with concerning implications for malnutrition in 2022.
In January, on behalf of the humanitarian community in Myanmar, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), published the 2022 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), which requests US$826 million for UN agencies, international and local NGOs to reach 6.2 million people in need of life-saving humanitarian support.
Humanitarians need to be able to physically get help to people in need. Access is currently extremely limited and bureaucratic, delaying the delivery of assistance and prolonging people’s suffering. As recently noted by the Spokesperson of the UN Secretary-General, the “multiple vulnerabilities of all people across Myanmar and its regional implications require an urgent response. Access to people in need is critically important for the United Nations and partners to continue to deliver on the ground.” He also added that “[a]rmed forces and all stakeholders must respect human rights and fundamental freedoms.”
Quicker, simplified and predictable access processes and assurances of aid worker safety are urgently needed for a humanitarian response of this size, allowing local, national and international organizations to support people in need. Visa, banking, registration and MOU blockages remain major obstacles to effective response and must urgently be resolved.
Donors are urged to give generously, in solidarity with the people of Myanmar to save lives and protect hard-fought development gains while there is still a window to do so. Identifying and engaging additional local partners will also be critical to delivering more assistance to more people in hard-to-reach and under-served locations..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2022-02-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups.
Language:
Format :
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Sub-title:
ယာယီဆေးနှင့်ဆေးနှီးနွှယ် တက္ကသိုလ်/ကျောင်း ကောင်စီများ၏ ကြားကာလပညာရေး၊သင်ကြားရေးအစီအစဉ်များနှင့်ပတ်သက်သောထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်
Description:
"၁။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသည် စစ်အာဏာရှင် တော်လှန်ရေး ကာလတစ်လျှောက် ကြားကာလပညာရေးသင်ကြားရေးအစီအစဉ်များကို ဆောင်ရွက်လျက် ရှိရာ ဆေးနှင့်ဆေးနှီးနွှယ် ကျောင်းသားကျောင်းသူများအတွက် ပြည်တွင်း/ပြည်ပမှ ပညာရှင် များ၊ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ သက်ဆိုင်ရာ ယာယီဆေးနှင့်ဆေးနှီးနွှယ် တက္ကသိုလ်/ကျောင်း ကောင်စီများနှင့်လက်တွဲ၍ ထိန်းချုပ်နယ်မြေများရှိ ဆေးရုံ/ဆေးခန်းများတွင် စာတွေ့လက်တွေ့ သင်ကြားမှုများ၊ အွန်လိုင်းမှတစ်ဆင့် သင်ကြားပို့ချမှုများကို စဉ်ဆက်မပြတ် ဆောင်ရွက်လျက် ရှိပါသည်။
၂။ သက်ဆိုင်ရာအတန်းအလိုက် ဖွင့်လှစ်သင်ကြားလျက်ရှိသော သင်တန်းများတွင် တက်ရောက် လျက်ရှိသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများအတွက် အရည်အချင်းဆန်းစစ်မှု စာမေးပွဲများနှင့် အတန်းတင်စာမေးပွဲများကို ကျင်းပပြုလုပ်နိုင်ရန် စီစဉ်လျက်ရှိပြီး မကြာမီကာလအတွင်း ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာသွားမည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
၃။ အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီကို ကုလသမဂ္ဂနှင့် အာဆီယံအပါအဝင် နိုင်ငံတကာနှင့် ပြည်သူ လူထုက အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်ခံထားခြင်း မရှိသောကြောင့် ၎င်းတို့ တရားမဝင် ဖွင့်လှစ် သင်ကြားဆောင်ရွက်လျက်ရှိသော သင်တန်းများ၊ အရည်အချင်းဆန်းစစ်မှု စာမေးပွဲများ၊ အတန်းတင် စာမေးပွဲများနှင့် ဘွဲ့လက်မှတ်များကို လုံးဝ အသိအမှတ်ပြုမည် မဟုတ်ပါ။
၄။ ဝန်ကြီးဌာနအနေဖြင့် သက်ဆိုင်ရာ ယာယီ ဆေးနှင့်ဆေးနှီးနွှယ်တက္ကသိုလ်/ကျောင်းကောင်စီ များ၏ ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်များ၊ မူဝါဒများနှင့်အညီ ထောက်ခံရပ်တည်လျက်ရှိပြီး စစ်ကောင်စီသင်တန်းများက ပေးအပ်သည့် အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်မှတ်များ၊ ဘွဲ့လက်မှတ်များ အသုံးပြု၍ ပြည်တွင်းပြည်ပရှိ တက္ကသိုလ်များတွင် ဝင်ခွင့်လျှောက်ထားခြင်းနှင့် အလုပ် အကိုင်များ လျှောက်ထားခြင်းတို့ကိုလည်း ထောက်ခံအသိအမှတ်ပြုမည်မဟုတ်ပါ။
၅။ အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ ကျန်းမာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနတွင် စစ်ကောင်စီအလိုကျ ဆောင်ရွက် နေသော ဆရာ၊ ဆရာများနှင့် ဝန်ထမ်းများကို ပြည်သူ့တရားစီရင်ရေးနှင့်အညီ အပြစ်ပေး အရေးယူသွားမည်ဖြစ်ပြီး စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ တရားမဝင် သင်တန်းများတွင် တက်ရောက်နေ သော ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများကိုလည်း သက်ဆိုင်ရာ ယာယီ ဆေးနှင့်ဆေးနှီးနွှယ် တက္ကသိုလ်/ကျောင်းကောင်စီများ၏ ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်များ၊ မူဝါဒများနှင့်အညီ အကောင် အထည်ဖော်ဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း အသိပေးထုတ်ပြန်အပ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2022-02-07
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
141.79 KB
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Description:
"HIGHLIGHTS:
The number of newly-displaced IDPs across Myanmar increased to 234,600. Fighting intensified in the South-East, particularly in Mon, Kayin and Shan (South) states, causing increased displacement. Conflict between the Tatmadaw and The People’s Defence Forces (PDF) escalated in Tanintharyi, and increased displacement was observed especially in Palaw, Thayetchaung, Yebyu and Dawei townships, in urgent need of food and basic health care. Increased displacement was also recorded in the North-West, particularly in Chin State also forcing about 1,400 people to flee to neighbouring Saw Township in Magway Region. The death toll from COVID-19 has climbed above 50 at IDP camps in Kayah State’s Demoso Township and in Shan (South) State’s Pekon Township amid high infection rates in areas affected by heavy fighting.
In South-East Myanmar, the security situation has deteriorated due to clashes between the Tatmadaw, ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and the People's Defence Force (PDF) reported across all states and regions. Reports also indicate alleged killings, explosions and landmine incidents, as well as arbitrary arrests and detention. Displaced populations in the SE continue to experience significant challenges in accessing basic needs and services, in particular food, healthcare, and shelter materials.
In Shan State (South), clashes in Pekon Township displaced some 2,700 people while a smaller number was also displaced to Taunggyi Township. Shortages of medicines, warm clothes, and food supply remain as challenges. In Shan State (North), armed clashes between the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS), Shan State Progress Party (SSPP) and Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) near Hu Sun village tract in Kyaukme Township caused villagers to flee to Kyaukme town. Clashes between the RCSS and SSPP near Sun Long village tract also caused villagers to seek safety at a monastery in Hsipaw township.
Situation has been worsening throughout Chin State, Sagaing and Magway regions. Chin State remains the epicentre for the violence with Tigyaing Township in Sagaing Region currently witnessing some of the most intense clashes and more incidents such as the burning of private properties, including religious sites, being reported. Thousands of civilians displaced from Thantlang have taken refuge in villages along the India-Myanmar border, with others from Thantlang and other border townships reportedly crossing into India’s Mizoram State. Most IDPs and host communities across Chin State are facing shortages of food, fuel and medical supplies. Conflict also continues to worsen in Magway Region and Sagaing Region.
In Rakhine State, challenges in accessing services continue to be reported while some return movements have been observed from areas of displacement by AA-MAF conflict, with so far 20% of those originally displaced having returned to their places of origin.
RESPONSE
Myanmar
In the South-East, UNHCR completed the construction of a primary school and a water supply system in Kyainseikgyi Township in Kayin State. Support was provided through a partner to 30 children including IDP returnees to obtain birth certificate. Training and protection monitoring continued.
In Shan State (South), UNHCR carried out two rapid protection assessments in two locations in Pekhon Township.
In Shan State (North), UNHCR distributed 711 winter NFI kits to IDPs relocating from Hu Sun and Pang Long village tracts to Kyaukme town..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-11-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
7.99 MB
more
Description:
"The intensification of armed conflict since the military takeover on 1 February in the North and the SouthEast between the Tatmadaw and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), and/or People’s Defence Forces (PDFs) have resulted in civilian casualties and the displacement of thousands of people.
Disruptions to communications, banking services, healthcare, and supply chains, as well as cyclical natural hazards, such as flooding, continues to impact the humanitarian response and exacerbate the vulnerability of communities.
UNHCR and partners continue providing critical life-saving humanitarian assistance, while following the development of the situation closely to understand the full impact on people of concern (PoCs), including IDPs, stateless populations and host communities.
Early warning systems, initiated by UNHCR and partners, are employed to detect changes on the ground which could impact on operations and PoCs with the view to inform timely mitigating measures and responses.
Despite incremental improvements to the COVID-19 infection rate, which had surged again mid-year, the impact of the ongoing pandemic continues to affect people of concern, particularly in light of the already strained or disrupted health services across the country. While integrating COVID-19 prevention and response into regular programming, UNHCR takes proactive measures to adapt in an agile manner to the evolving context to minimize risks to PoCs and to devise ways in which to continue interventions that support them..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-11-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Human Rights and international relations, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
520.99 KB
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Description:
"The volatile situation in Myanmar following the 01 February 2021 coup has resulted in increased displacement both within the country and some crossing borders, including into Thailand
Humanitarian actors stand ready to support the Royal Thai Government (RTG) 's efforts to receive Myanmar refugees fleeing to ensure provision of protection
Agencies continue to take several key preparedness actions to ensure that complementary activities are delivered in a timely and coordinated manner..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-11-19
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
374.94 KB
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Description:
"Highlights
In the northwest region’s recent hostilities and active clashes, including airstrikes in Sagaing, have caused further population displacement and increased vulnerability. As road movements in Chin are limited due to ongoing armed clashes are impacting the availability of fuel and the price of goods has risen. Relief supplies including essential medicines are in urgent need, with very limited transportation alternatives.
A UNICEF Rapid Needs Assessment during 28 September to 5 October in selected townships of Sagaing region found that priority humanitarian assistance needs are food items and health services, including medicine, treatment, and COVID-19 related testing, treatment and vaccination.
Since mid-October, communication interruption in regions of southeast Myanmar, as well as Sagaing and Kachin, have exacerbated the vulnerability and threatened the well-being of the population while stopping humanitarian partners from communicating efficiently.
Travel authorization requirements and restrictive banking regulations continue to be the main obstacles for our partners and to severely impact programme implementation, in addition to the intermittent fighting and clashes, adding another layer of complexity to already limited access..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-11-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Human Rights and international relations, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
371.03 KB
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Description:
"Highlights
More than 1.8 million people in Myanmar have received WFP food, cash and nutrition assistance across urban and rural areas to date in 2021.
Since May, WFP has supported 1 million vulnerable people in its large-scale urban food response in Yangon and Mandalay alone.
Starting in December, funding for WFP cashbased operations in crisis-affected areas will run out, which will affect 275,000 targeted beneficiaries.
Situation Update
The situation in Myanmar remains complex and volatile: Since September, Myanmar has seen a significant upsurge in armed conflict and civil unrest in various states and regions, particularly the northwest (Chin State, Sagaing and Magway regions) and the southeast (Kayah State). The growing insecurity and a deteriorating economy are likely to further worsen food insecurity among the vulnerable households reeling from a deadly third wave of COVID-19 between June and August. Recurrent banking challenges continue to impact WFP’s timely delivery of cash assistance and procurement processes.
Conflict-driven displacements are on the rise:
As of 18 October, UNHCR estimates that at least 218,900 people remain internally displaced across Myanmar since the military takeover. This is in addition to 336,000 already displaced before 1 February. While humanitarian needs continue to increase, particularly in the northwest, access to conflict-affected populations remains largely constrained by the prevailing security situation and lengthy administrative processes.
The vulnerable bear the brunt of price volatility:
WFP’s latest market monitoring in August showed a notable increase in the price of fuel (68 percent), cooking oil (40 percent), and rice (16 percent) compared to pre-1 February. Overall, the cost of a basic food basket has increased by 20 percent. The recent drastic devaluation of the Myanmar currency is likely to further drive up food and fuel prices, threatening the food and nutrition security of many vulnerable households..."
Source/publisher:
World Food Programme (WFP) (Rome) via reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-26
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
WFP (World Food Programme), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.4 MB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၃၆/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ အောက်တိုဘာလ (၂၃) ရက်
အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), The Military's political role, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
168.73 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၃၅/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ အောက်တိုဘာလ (၁၅) ရက်
ကြားကာလ အခြေခံပညာရေး စစ်ဆေးအကဲဖြတ်ခြင်း ဆိုင်ရာထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-15
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.57 MB
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Description:
"ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍတွင် နှစ်ပေါင်းများစွာ ချို့တဲ့သည့် ရင်းနှီးမြှပ်နှံမှုများသာပေးခဲ့ခြင်းနှင့် ဗဟိုချုပ်ကိုင်မှု အလွန်အမင်းများပြားမှုတို့ကြောင့် မြန်မာ့အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာကဏ္ဍသည် အဖက်ဖက်၌ ဖွံ့ဖြိုးမှု အလွန်အမင်းနောက်ကျကျန်ရစ်နေခဲ့ရသည်။ သုတေသနပြုချက်များအရလည်း ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍအနေဖြင့် မည်သည့်စံနှုန်းနှင့်မဆို တိုင်းတာပါက အလွန်နိမ့်ပါးနေပြီး ကြီးမားသော စိန်ခေါ်မှုများနှင့်လည်း ကြုံတွေ့နေရကြောင်း တွေ့ရှိရသည်။ လူသားတစ်ဦးအတွက်မူ နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ရရှိနိုင်သော အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ၏ အခန်းကဏ္ဍသည် လုံလောက်မှုမရှိပါ။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ လူလတ်တန်းစား ကျောင်းသူကျောင်းသားများ၏ အနည်းငယ်သော ပမာဏဖြစ်သည့် လူငယ် ၁၁ ရာခိုင်နှုန်း သည်သာလျှင် အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာကို လက်လှမ်းမှီကြောင်းတွေ့ရှိရသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် အမြတ်အစွန်းယူသော (သို့မဟုတ်) အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသော ပုဂ္ဂလိက ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍသည် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာကဏ္ဍအတွက် အရေးပါသော အဖွဲ့အစည်းများဖြစ်လာကြသည်။ သို့သော်ငြားလည်း မြန်မာ့ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍအား လေ့လာကြရာတွင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍကို လုံလောက်သည့် သုတေသနပြု လေ့လာချဥ်းကပ်မှုများ မရှိပဲ လျစ်လျူရှုထားကြောင်း တွေ့ရှိရပါသည်။ ပုဂ္ဂလိက၏ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများသည် နိုင်ငံတွင်းရှိ ပြည်သူများအနေဖြင့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကို လက်လှမ်းမှီနိုင်ရန် ဆောင်ရွက်ထားပြီး နိုင်ငံတော်၏ အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာကဏ္ဍရှိ အားနည်းချက်များအား ဖြည့်ဆည်းပေးနိုင်သောကြောင့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက၏ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများအပေါ် သုတေသနပြုမှုများ များပြားစွာရှိသင့်ပါသည်။
သို့ပါသော်ကြောင့် မိမိအနေဖြင့် သုတေသန အထောက်အပံ့ရရှိခဲ့သည့် အစီအစဥ်တစ်ရပ်၏ အကူအညီဖြင့် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ ဝေးလံခေါင်ဖျားသည့် ဒေသတစ်ခုဖြစ်သော ချင်းပြည်နယ်အတွင်းရှိ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများနှင့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၏ ရေရှည်တည်တံ့မှုအတွက် လိုအပ်သည့် အကြောင်းအချက်များကို သုတေသနပြုလေ့လာခဲ့ပြီး ယခု Tea Circle ဆောင်းပါးတွင် ထည့်သွင်းဖော်ပြထားပါသည်။ မိမိအနေဖြင့် ချင်း ခရစ်ယာန် တက္ကသိုလ်တွင် ဆရာမတစ်ဦးအနေဖြင့် လုပ်အားပေးခဲ့သည့် အတွေ့အကြုံနှင့် ချင်းပြည်နယ် ဟားခါးမြို့ရှိ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက ကျောင်းတစ်ကျောင်းတွင် လုပ်အားပေးလုပ်ခဲ့သည့် အတွေ့အကြုံများမှတစ်ဆင့် ယခု သုတေသန လေ့လာမှုအား ပြုလုပ်ရန် တွန်းအားများရရှိခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ယခု လေ့လာမှုသည် ချင်းပြည်နယ်ရှိ အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများအနေဖြင့် အရင်းအမြစ်အသစ်များ လိုက်လံရှာဖွေရေးထက် လက်ရှိတွင် ရှိနှင့်ပြီးသော အရင်းအမြစ်များအား မည်သို့မည်ပုံ အကောင်းဆုံး အသုံးချနိုင်မည်ကို သိရှိနိုင်စေရန် ရည်ရွယ်ပါသည်။
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာရေး အဆောက်အအုံများ
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍသည် ဗဟိုချုပ်ကိုင်မှု အလွန်များပြားပြီး နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ထိန်းချုပ်ထားခြင်းကို ခံရသည်ဖြစ်သည်။ ဥရောပသမ္မဂ၏ ရန်ပုံငွေဖြင့် ပြုလုပ်ခဲ့သော လေ့လာမှုတစ်ခု၏ CHINLONE ၂၀၁၈ အစီရင်ခံစာအရ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတစ်ဝှမ်းလုံးရှိ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ တက္ကသိုလ် ၁၇၄ ကျောင်းလုံးအား အစိုးရမှသာ ထိန်းချုပ်၍ စီမံခန့်ခွဲကြောင်းကို လေ့လာနိုင်ပါသည်။ CHINLONE ဆိုသည့်အမည်မှာ ‘Connecting Higher Education Institutions for a New Leadership in National Education’ ၏ အတိုကောက်ဖြစ်ပြီး မြန်မာမှုပြုပါက “နိုင်ငံတော်၏ ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍတွင် ဦးဆောင်မှုအသစ်ဖြစ်လာစေရန်အတွက် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများအား ချိတ်ဆက်ခြင်း” ဟု အဓိပ္ပာယ်ရပါသည်။ “CHINLONE” ဆိုသည့် စကားလုံးသည် မြန်မာလို “ခြင်းလုံး” ဟု အသံထွက်ပြီး ၄င်းမှာ ပူးပေါင်းလုပ်ဆောင်မှုနှင့် အသင်းအဖွဲ့ဖြင့် လုပ်ဆောင်မှုကို အားပေးသည့် မြန်မာ့ရိုးရာ အားကစားတစ်ခု၏ အမည်လည်းဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ၄င်းစီမံကိန်းတွင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန အပါအ၀င် အဆင့်မြင့်ကဏ္ဍအား စီမံခန့်ခွဲရာတွင် ပါ၀င်ပက်သတ်နေသော အခြားသော ၀န်ကြီးဌာန (၈) ခုမှလည်း ပါ၀င်ခဲ့ပါသည်။
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင်မူ ပုဂ္ဂလိကဏ္ဍအနေဖြင့် အမြတ်အစွန်းယူသည်ဖြစ်စေ၊ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည်ဖြစ်စေ၊ ၄င်းပုဂ္ဂလိက ကဏ္ဍရှိ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများအား နိုင်ငံတော်မှ တရား၀င်တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် အသိအမှတ်မပြုပါ။ မေလ၊ ၂၀၂၀ ခုနှစ်မှ စတင်ပြီး “Private HEIs Form” ဟု ခေါ်သည့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများ ဖြည့်စွက်ရသည့် လျှောက်လွှာများမှတစ်ဆင့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများအား မှတ်ပုံတင်ခြင်းကို စတင်ခွင့်ပြုခဲ့ပါသည်။ အစိုးရအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းပုဂ္ဂလိကကျောင်းများ၏ မှတ်ပုံတင်ခြင်းမှတစ်ဆင့် ထိုကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် အသိအမှတ်ပြုမှုရယူနိုင်ရန် လမ်းကြောင်းတစ်သွယ် ဖြစ်လာလိမ့်မည်ဟု ပြောဆိုခဲ့သည်။ သို့သော်လည်း မည်သည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများ၊ တက္ကသိုလ်များမှ အသိအမှတ်ပြုမှုမရခင် ထိုနှစ်အတွင်းမှာပင် ၄င်း မှတ်ပုံတင်ခြင်းလုပ်ငန်းစဥ်အား အစိုးရမှ ပြန်လည် ပိတ်သိမ်းခဲ့သည်။
ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာရေးအား လက်လှမ်းမှီနိုင်မှု
နိုင်ငံနှင့်အ၀ှမ်းတွင် နိုင်ငံတော်၏ အဆင့်မြင့် တက္ကသိုလ်များ မည်သို့မည်ပုံ တည်ရှိနေကြောင်းကို လေ့လာကြည့်ကြပါစို့။ ၂၀၁၂ ခုနှစ်တွင်မူ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအဝှမ်းတွင် အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာတက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းပေါင်း ၁၆၄ ကျောင်းရှိခဲ့ပါသည်၊ Myanmar Comprehensive Education Sector Review ၏ အစီရင်ခံစာအရ မန္တလေးတိုင်းတွင် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းပေါင်း ၃၆ ကျောင်း၊ ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းတွင် ၃၃ ကျောင်း၊ စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းတွင် ၁၄ ကျောင်း အသီးသီးရှိခဲ့ကြသော်လည်း မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ အဆင်းရဲဆုံး ပြည်နယ်များဖြစ်ကြသော ချင်းပြည်နယ်နှင့် ကယားပြည်နယ်တို့တွင်မူ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ တက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းများ ၃ ကျောင်းသာရှိသည်ကိုလည်း တွေ့ရပါသည်။
Myanmar Comprehensive Education Sector Review ၏ အစီရင်ခံစာအရ ၏ အစီရင်ခံစာအရ ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင်ရှိသော အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာတက္ကသိုလ် ကျောင်း၃ကျောင်းဖြစ်သည့် ကလေးတက္ကသိုလ်၊ နည်းပညာတက္ကသိုလ် (ကလေး)၊ ကွန်ပျူတာ သိပ္ပံတက္ကသိုလ် (ကလေး)တို့သည့် စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်း ကလေးမြို့တွင်သာ တည်ရှိကြသည်။ ကလေးမြို့သည် ချင်းပြည်နယ်၏ မြို့တော်ဖြစ်သော ဟားခါးမြို့မှ အနည်းဆုံး ၆ နာရီခန့် ကားဖြင့်သွားရသည့် အကွာအ၀ေးတွင် တည်ရှိပြီး ရာသီဥတုနှင့် လမ်းအခြေအနေများသည် မိုးရာသီတွင် အဆိုးဆုံး အခြေအနေများကို ရောက်ရှိနိုင်သောကြောင့် ဟားခါးမှ ကလေးသို့ ခရီးသွားလာရခြင်းသည် အလွန်ခက်ခဲနိုင်သည်။
ထို့ကြောင့် ၂၀၁၂ ခုနှစ်တွင် ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ထောက်ပံ့သည့် အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာတက္ကသိုလ်များ တစ်ခုမှ ရှိမနေပါဟု ပြောနိုင်ပါသည်။ ပထမဦးဆုံး အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ တက္ကသိုလ်ဖြစ်သည့် ဟားခါးတက္ကသိုလ်အား ၂၀၁၆ ခုနှစ် ရောက်မှသာ ဟားခါးမြို့တွင် ဖွင့်လှစ်နိုင်ခဲ့ပါသည်။
၄င်းဖြစ်ရပ်သည် အဘယ်ကြောင့် ပြဿနာရှိနေပါသနည်း။ ချင်းမိသားစု တစ်စု အနေဖြင့် ကလေးမြို့သို့ သွားရန် ခရီးစရိတ်အား ၄င်းတို့ပိုင်ဆိုင်သည့် ၀က်တစ်ကောင် (သို့မဟုတ်) နှစ်ကောင်အား ရောင်းချမှသာလျှင် ရနိုင်သည်။ နေထိုင်ရန် ကုန်ကျစရိတ်မှာမူ ဒီထက်မက ပိုမိုများပြားနိုင်ပါသည်။ လူမှုအသိုင်းအ၀ိုင်းအတွင်း ချို့တဲ့နွမ်းပါး၍ အခွင့်အလမ်းရရှိနိုင်မှု နည်းပါးသော လူငယ်များအတွက်မူ နေရပ်မှ ၀ေးလံခေါင်ဖျား ခရီးသွားနိုင်မှသာ တက္ကသိုလ်မှ ဘွဲ့ရယူနိုင်မည်ဖြစ်သော်ကြောင့် လွန်စွာ ငွေကုန်ကြေးကျများသည့် ကိစ္စတစ်ခုဖြစ်နေပါသည်။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ အခြားအရပ်ဒေသများတွင်လည်း အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာရေးကို လက်လှမ်းမှီရန်အတွက် အခက်အခဲတစ်ခုအနေဖြင့် တည်ရှိနေသော်လည်း ချင်းပြည်နယ်၏ ဝေးလံခေါင်ဖျားသည့် ပထဝီဝင် အနေအထားနှင့် ၄င်းဒေသတွင် အစိုးရမှ လုံလောက်သော အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာတက္ကသိုလ်များကို ပံ့ပိုးခြင်းမရှိနိုင်သည့်အတွက် ချင်းပြည်နယ်၏ အခြေအနေမှာ အခြားအရပ်ဒေသများထက် ပိုမိုသိသိသာသာ ဆိုးရွားပါသည်။
ချင်းပြည်နယ်ရှိ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့် ပညာတက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းများ
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်တွင် ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင် ဟားခါးတက္ကသိုလ်၊ ဟားခါး ပညာရေးကောလိပ်၊ အစိုးရနည်းပညာ တက္ကသိုလ်၊ ဟားခါး သားဖွားမီးယပ် သင်တန်းကျောင်း၊ ဖလမ်း သူနာပြု သင်တန်းကျောင်းနှင့် လွန်ပီး စိုက်ပျိုးရေး အထက်တန်းကျောင်း စသည်ဖြင့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာတက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းပေါင်း ၆ ကျောင်း ရှိလာခဲ့သည်။ သို့သော်လည်း ၄င်း ၆ ကျောင်းတွင် တစ်ကျောင်းတည်းကသာ တက္ကသိုလ်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
ထို့ကြောင့် ယနေ့ထိတိုင်အောင် ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင်ရှိသော သက်တမ်းအကြာမြင့်ဆုံးနှင့် တည်ထောင်မှုအားအကောင်းဆုံး အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ ကျောင်းများမှာ ရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများနှင့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းများသာ ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ လက်ရှိတွင် ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ဖွင့်လှစ်ထားသော အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ ကျောင်းပေါင်း ၆ကျောင်းနှင့် အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက ကျောင်းပေါင်း ၁၃ ကျောင်းရှိပါသည်။ ၄င်းတို့တွင် ချင်း ခရစ်ယာန် တက္ကသိုလ်၊ ချင်း ခရစ်ယာန် ဘာသာရေးကျောင်း၊ ဝီတိုရိယ အကယ်ဒမီနှင့် ရေရှည်တည်တံ့ဖွံ့ဖြိုးသည့် လူမှုပတ်ဝန်းကျင်အတွက် ချင်းလူမျိုးများ၏ ဆောင်ရွက်မှု (Chin Initiative for Sustainable Society) စသည့် ကျောင်းများ ပါ၀င်ပါသည်။ ထိုကျောင်းများအနက် မည်သည့်ကျောင်းကမှ အဆင့်မြင့်တက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းများအဖြစ် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ပညာရေး၀န်ကြီးဌာန လက်အောက်တွင် မှတ်ပုံတင်ထားခြင်းမရှိပါ။ မိမိအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းကျောင်းများကို ရေတွက်ရာတွင် တစ်ကျောင်း၊ နှစ်ကျောင်းခန့် ကျန်ရစ်ခဲ့နိုင်သောကြောင့် စုစုပေါင်း ကျောင်းများမှာ ၁၃ ကျောင်းထက် ပိုနိုင်ပါသည်။ ၄င်းကျောင်းများကို တရားဝင် မှတ်တမ်းတင်ထားသည့် စာရင်းမရှိပါ။
ချင်းပြည်နယ်တွင် ရပ်ရွာပြည်သူလူထုမှ ဦးဆောင်၍ ပညာဖြန့်၀ေခြင်းလုပ်ငန်းစဥ်များသည် ၁၉၅၃ ခုနှစ်တွင် ဖလမ်းမြို့တွင် ပထမဦးဆုံး ခရစ်ယာန်သမ္မာကျမ်းစာကျောင်း စတင်တည်ထောင်စဥ်မှ အစပြုခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်ပါသည်။ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၏ အဓိကရည်ရွယ်ချက်မှာ မြို့ကြီးပြကြီးများတွင် တက္ကသိုလ်ပညာကို သွားရောက်ဆည်းပူးရန် မတတ်နိုင်သည့် လူငယ်များအနေဖြင့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကို လက်လှမ်းမှီစေရန်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ချင်းလူမျိုးများအနေဖြင့် ဗမာလွှမ်းမိုးသည့် ပညာရေးစနစ်တွင် ချင်းလူမျိုးများ၏ ဖြစ်တည်မှု၊ ယဥ်ကျေးမှုနှင့် ချင်းလူမျိုးများ၏ သမိုင်းကြောင်းများကို ၄င်းရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာရေးမှတစ်ဆင့် သင်ကြားနိုင်ကြပါသည်။
ကိုယ်ထူကိုယ်ထ တည်ထောင်ထားရသည့် ကျောင်းများဖြစ်သောကြောင့် ၄င်းအဆင့််မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် ငွေကြေးအခက်အခဲကို မကြာခဏကြုံတွေ့ကြရပါသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့်မို့ ၄င်းကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် ကျောင်း၏ ရုပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ၊ အဆောက်အအုံပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အခက်အခဲများနှင့် အရင်းအမြစ်ရှားပါးမှု စိန်ခေါ်မှုများအကြား ရုန်းကန်ရမှုများရှိကြပါသည်။ ၄င်း အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် ရင်ဆိုင်ရသော အခက်အခဲများတွင် အရည်အသွေးပြည့်၀သော ဆရာ၊ ဆရာမများ ရှားပါးခြင်း၊ အရင်းအမြစ်များကို စီမံခန့်ခွဲနိုင်မှု အားနည်းခြင်းနှင့် ကျောင်းသူ၊ ကျောင်းသားများ၏ တတ်မြောက်မှုနှင့် တိုးတက်မှုကို စစ်ဆေးရာတွင် လုံလောက်မှုမရှိနိုင်ခြင်းစသည့် စိန်ခေါ်မှုများ ပါ၀င်ပါသည်။ ၄င်းကျောင်းများမှ ကျောင်းသူ၊ကျောင်းသားများအနေဖြင့် မြန်မာအစိုးရမှ တရား၀င်အသိအမှတ်ပြုသည့် ဘွဲ့များရယူနိုင်ရန်အတွက်လည်း အ၀ေးသင်တက္ကသိုလ်များကို တက်ရောက်ကြရသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် ရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ဖွင့်လှစ်သော တက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ အချိန်ဇယားများပေါ် မူတည်၍လည်း ကျောင်းချိန်များကို ညှိနှိုင်းသတ်မှတ်ရသည်။
အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများ၏ အခြားသော စိန်ခေါ်မှုတစ်ခုမှာ မည်သည့်ဘာသာစကားဖြင့် သင်ကြားမည်ကို ဆုံးဖြတ်ရခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။ ဒေသခံ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် ဘာသာစကားပြဿနာသည် မရှိသလောက် နည်းပါးမည်ဟု တွေးနိုင်သော်လည်း ချင်းပြည်နယ်တစ်ခုတည်းတွင်ပင် ဘာသာစကားမျိုးကွဲပေါင်း ၅၀ ခန့်ရှိပါသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် ချင်းပြည်နယ်ရှိ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာအဖွဲ့အစည်းများအနေဖြင့် ဘာသာစကားအရ လွန်စွာကွဲပြားမှုများသည့် စာသင်ခန်းများကို ကြုံတွေ့ရပါသည်။ ချင်းလူမျိုးအများစု၏ ဒုတိယ (သို့မဟုတ်) တတိယ ဘာသာစကားဖြစ်သည့် ဗမာစကားဖြင့်လည်း စာသင်ခန်းများတွင် ရံဖန်ရံခါ ထည့်သွင်းပြောဆို၊ သင်ကြားလေ့ရှိပါသည်။
ထိုသို့ အခက်အခဲ၊ စိန်ခေါ်မှုများ ရှိသော်ငြားလည်း ရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများ၏ အားသာချက်များမှာ ၄င်းစိန်ခေါ်မှုများထက် သာလွန်ကြောင်းနှင့် များပြားကြောင်း တွေ့ရှိရပါသည်။ ကျောင်းသူ၊ကျောင်းသားတစ်ဦးအနေဖြင့် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ပံ့ပိုးသည့် အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ တက္ကသိုလ်များတွင် ရရှိနိုင်သော အရည်အသွေးထက် ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်သော အရည်အသွေးကို ရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု ကျောင်းများမှ ရရှိနိုင်ပါသည်။ စာသင်ကြားသည့် နည်းစနစ်နှင့် သင်ရိုးညွှန်းတမ်းများအားဖြင့်လည်း ကွဲပြားခြားနားမှုများရှိကြပါသည်။ ဥပမာအနေဖြင့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက ရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများသည် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ပံ့ပိုးသည့် အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ ကျောင်းများနှင့် နှိုင်းယှဥ်ပါက လူအများပါ၀င်နိုင်ခြင်းကို အားပေးသည့် participatory teaching methods ကို ပိုမို အသုံးပြုခြင်းကြောင့် ကျောင်းသူ၊ ကျောင်းသားများအနေဖြင့် ၄င်း ပုဂ္ဂလိက ရပ်ရွာအခြေပြု အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများတွင် ပညာသင်ကြားခြင်းက ပိုမိုထိရောက်နိုင်ပါသည်။
၄င်းကဲ့သို့ အားသာချက်များ၏ အရင်းအမြစ်အား လိုက်လံရှာဖွေကြည့်လျှင် ထို ပုဂ္ဂလိက အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများသည် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ပံ့ပိုးသည့် အများပြည်သူနှင့်ဆိုင်သည့် တက္ကသိုလ်များကဲ့သို့ မဟုတ်ပဲ အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာအုပ်ချုပ်မှုတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် ပြဌာန်းပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းကြောင့် ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ မိမိ၏ ယခု သုတေသနလေ့လာချက်မှာလည်း အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာအုပ်ချုပ်မှုတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် ပြဌာန်းပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းသည် အဘယ်ကြောင့် အရေးကြီးသနည်းနှင့် ၄င်းပုဂ္ဂလိက အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများအနေဖြင့် ထို အခြေအနေအား မည်သို့မည်ပုံ ပိုကောင်းသည့် အခွင့်အရေးအဖြစ် ရယူအသုံးချနိုင်မည်ကို ဆွေးနွေးရန်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာအုပ်ချုပ်မှုတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် ပြဌာန်းပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်း၏ အရေးပါမှု
အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများနှင့် တက္ကသိုလ်များအား မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် ပြဌာန်းပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းဆိုသည်မှာ အဘယ်နည်း။ CHINLONE မှ ၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ်တွင် ထုတ်၀ေခဲ့သည့် အစီရင်ခံစာအရ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများနှင့် တက္ကသိုလ်များအား မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် ပြဌာန်းပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းနှင့် ပက်သတ်၍ နိုင်ငံတစ်ကာမှ သတ်မှတ်လက်ခံထားသည့် ကဏ္ဍလေးရပ်ပါ၀င်ပြီး ၄င်းတို့မှာ အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာ(organizational)၊ ပညာရပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ(academic)၊ ၀န်ထမ်းခန့်အပ်မှုပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ(staffing) နှင့် ငွေကြေးပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ (financial) တို့ ဖြစ်ကြပါသည်။ ၄င်းကဏ္ဍများကို ကောင်းစွာသဘောပေါက်ရန်အတွက် CHINLONE အစီရင်ခံစာ မှ ရှင်းပြထားသည့် ရှင်းလင်းချက်များကို မိမိအနေဖြင့် အောက်ပါစာပိုဒ်များတွင် ဖော်ပြသွားမည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
အဖွဲ့အစည်းပိုင်ဆိုင်ရာ မိမိတို့ကိုယ်ပိုင် ပြဌာန်းခွင့်ဆိုသည်မှာ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း၊ တက္ကသိုလ်တစ်ခုခုအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ အဖွဲ့အစည်းနှင့် ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်ချရေးကိစ္စရပ်များတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် စွမ်းဆောင်ရည်ရှိခြင်းကို ဆိုလိုပါသည်။ ၄င်းဖွင့်ဆိုချက်တွင် ထို အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်စသည့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းအတွက် ဦးဆောင်သူများအား မဲပေးရွေးချယ်ခြင်းနှင့် ၄င်းအဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်၏ ပညာရပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ ဖွဲ့စည်းတည်ဆောက်ပုံကို ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲခြင်းများ ပြုလုပ်လိုပါက မိမိတို့ကိုယ်ပိုင် သဘောဆန္ဒနှင့် ပြုလုပ်နိုင်ခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။
ပညာရပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ မိမိတို့ကိုယ်ပိုင် ပြဌာန်းခွင့်ဆိုသည်မှာ ၄င်း အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်စသည့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ ပညာရပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အရေးကိစ္စများကို လွတ်လပ်စွာစီမံခန့်ခွဲနိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းကို ဆိုလိုပါသည်။ ၄င်းပညာရပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အရေးကိစ္စများတွင် အကယ်ဒမစ် ပရိုဂရမ်များနှင့် သင်ရိုးများအား ဆုံးဖြတ်ခြင်း၊ ကျောင်းသားများ ရွေးချယ်ခြင်းနှင့် အရည်အသွေး အကဲဖြတ်စံနှုန်းများ သတ်မှတ်ခြင်း၊ ၀င်ခွင့်လက်ခံသည့် ကျောင်းသားဦးရေး သတ်မှတ်ခြင်း၊ သင်ရိုးများရေးဆွဲပြဌာန်းခြင်းနှင့် စာသင်ကြားသည့် နည်းစနစ်များ စသည်တို့ ပါ၀င်ပါသည်။
၀န်ထမ်းရွေးချယ်ခန့်အပ်ရာတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်ပိုင် ပြဌာန်းခွင့်ရှိခြင်းသည် ၄င်း အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်စသည့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းအနေဖြင့် မိမိတို့လိုအပ်သည့် လူသားအရင်းအမြစ်ကို မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင် စိတ်ကြိုက်ရွေးချယ်ခန့်အပ်နိုင်ခြင်းကို စွမ်းဆောင်နိုင်စေပါသည်။ ဥပမာအနေဖြင့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာ လွတ်လပ်မှုရှိသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာတက္ကသိုလ်တစ်ခုအနေဖြင့် အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံမှ အင်္ဂလိပ်လူမျိုး နိုင်ငံခြားသားတစ်ဦးအားလည်း ဗီဇာကိစ္စများအား ထည့်တွက်စဥ်းစားစရာမလိုပဲ ၀န်ထမ်းအဖြစ် ခန့်အပ်နိုင်ခြင်းမျိုး ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ သို့မဟုတ် စျေးကွက်ရှာဖွေရေး ဘာသာရပ်ကို သင်ကြားရပ်အတွက် ပြည်တွင်းလုပ်ငန်းရှင်တစ်ဦးအား လာရောက် စာသင်ကြားရန် ဖိတ်ခေါ်ခြင်းမျိုးလည်း ဖြစ်နိုင်ပါသည်။ ၄င်းကဲ့သို့ ဆရာ၊ ဆရာမများ ခေါ်ယူခန့်အပ်ခြင်းအတွက် ပညာရေး၀န်ကြီးဌာန၏ သဘောတူထောက်ခံချက် တောင်းခံရန် မလိုအပ်ခြင်းဖြစ်ပါသည်။
ဘဏ္ဍာရေးဆိုင်ရာ လွတ်လပ်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းဆိုသည်မှာ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ ကျောင်း(သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ ရန်ပုံငွေများနှင့် ဘဏ္ဍာရေးကိစ္စရပ်များကို စီမံခန့်ခွဲရာတွင် လွတ်လပ်စွာ စီမံခန့်ခွဲနိုင်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်း ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ သို့သော်ငြားလည်း ဘဏ္ဍာရေးဆိုင်ရာ လွတ်လပ်ခွင့်ရှိခြင်းသည် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် ပုံမှန်တည်ငြိမ်မှုရှိသည့် ၀င်ငွေမရရှိနိုင်ပါက ၄င်းတို့ ကိုယ်တိုင်ရန်ပုံငွေရှာရန် ကြိုးစားရခြင်းကြောင့် တာ၀န်၀တ္တရားများ ပိုမိုများပြားလာနိုင်စေခြင်းနှင့်လည်း ကြုံတွေ့ရနိုင်ပါသည်။
အထက်တွင် ဖော်ပြခဲ့သည့် ကဏ္ဍလေးရပ်မှာ ပုဂ္ဂလိက အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် နိုင်ငံတော်မှ ပံ့ပိုးသော တက္ကသိုလ်များကဲ့သို့ တရား၀င် ဘွဲ့အပ်နှင်းပိုင်ခွင့်မရှိသော်ငြားလည်း ၄င်း အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ တက္ကသိုလ်များနှင့် နှိုင်းယှဥ်ပါက အထက်တွင်ဖော်ပြခဲ့သည့် ကဏ္ဍလေးရပ်တွင် အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာ အုပ်ချုပ်မှုတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်ပိုင် ပြဌာန်းခွင့်ဆိုသည့် လွတ်လပ်ခွင့်ရှိသည်။ သို့သော်လည်း ၄င်းလွတ်လပ်ခွင့်များသည် ၂၀၂၁ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ တစ်ရက်နေ့မတိုင်ခင်အထိသာ ရရှိနေခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်ပြီး စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကြောင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ “အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာ အုပ်ချုပ်မှုတွင် မိမိတို့ကိုယ်ပိုင် ပြဌာန်းခွင့်” ဆိုသည့် အချက်အပေါ် မည်သို့မည်ပုံ သက်ရောက်မည်နည်းဆိုသည်မှာ ယခုထိတိုင် သေချာရေရာမှု မရှိသေးပါ။
အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသော အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ လုပ်ငန်းများကို ရေရှည်တည်တံ့စေရန် မည်ကဲ့သို့ ထိန်းသိမ်းနိုင်မည်နည်း။
ယခုနှစ်နှောင်းပိုင်းတွင် ပုံနှိပ်ထုတ်၀ေမည့် မိမိ၏ သုတေသနတွင် အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ ကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ အဖွဲ့အစည်းဆိုင်ရာ ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဌာန်းခွင့်ကို အသုံးပြု၍ ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်သည့် အခွင့်အလမ်းများရရှိနိုင်ရန် မည်သို့မည်ပုံ ဆောင်ရွက်နိုင်မည်ကို မိမိအနေဖြင့် ဆွေးနွေးငြင်းခုံထားပါသည်။ ၄င်းကဲ့သို့ လုပ်ဆောင်ခြင်းသည် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ အရည်အသွေးကို မြှင့်တင်ပေးနိုင်ရုံမျှမက ၄င်းတို့အား ရန်ပုံငွေထောက်ပံ့နေသော အဖွဲ့အစည်းများအနေဖြင့်လည်း ၄င်းတို့၏ အများနှင့်မတူ၊ ထူးခြားသည့် အခန်းကဏ္ဍနှင့် စွမ်းဆောင်ရည်များကိုလည်း ပိုမိုသတိထားမိလာစေရန် ကူညီနိုင်ပါလိမ့်မည်။ သို့ပါသော်ကြောင့် ၄င်းအဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ ရေရှည်တည်တံ့နိုင်မှုအတွက်လည်း အကျိုးပြုနိုင်ပါလိမ့်မည်။ ထိုကဲ့သို့ ဖြစ်လာစေရန် မည်သို့လုပ်ဆောင်ရမည်နည်း။
ယခုဆောင်းပါးသည် သုတေသန အစီရင်ခံစာ အပြည့်အစုံမဟုတ်သည့်အတွက် မိမိအနေဖြင့် အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် ပုဂ္ဂလိက အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် မဖြစ်မနေလုပ်ရမည့်၊ လုပ်ဆောင်နိုင်မည့် အခန်းကဏ္ဍတို့ကိုသာ ဆွေးနွေးချင်ပါသည်။ မိမိအနေဖြင့် အထူးအကြံပြုလိုသည်မှာ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် ပြည်တွင်း၊ပြည်ပရှိ တက္ကသိုလ်ရပ်၀န်းများနှင့် ကွန်ယက်ချိတ်ဆက်ထားမှုကို တိုးမြှင့်ပြီး ၄င်းတို့နှင့် ပူးပေါင်းချိတ်ဆက်မှု တိုးမြှင့်ရန်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
အထက်တွင် ဖော်ပြခဲ့သည့် ချင်းပြည်နယ်ရှိ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ ကျောင်းများ၊ တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် ပြည်တွင်း၊ ပြည်ပရှိ တက္ကသိုလ် အဝန်းအ၀ိုင်းနှင့် ကွန်ယက်ချိတ်ဆက်ထားမှုများ ရှိနှင့်ပြီးသားပါသည်။ ၄င်းကဲ့သို့ နိုင်ငံတစ်ကာ ချိတ်ဆက်ထားမှုများရှိသည့်အတွက် ကျောင်းသူ၊ ကျောင်းသားများနှင့် ၀န်ထမ်းများအနေဖြင့် ၄င်းတို့၏ နိုင်ငံရပ်ခြားရှိ မိတ်ဖက်တက္ကသိုလ်များတွင် ပညာဆည်းပူးနိုင်ခွင့်နှင့် လေ့လာရေးခရီးစဥ်များတွင် ပါ၀င်နိုင်ခွင့်စသည့် အခွင့်အလမ်းများကို ရရှိနိုင်ပါသည်။ အံ့သြစရာကောင်းသည်မှာ ၄င်းအမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ ကျောင်းများနှင့် တက္ကသိုလ်များသည် ၄င်းတို့အချင်းချင်းကြား ကွန်ယက်ချိတ်ဆက်မှုထက် ပြင်ပတွင်ရှိသော တက္ကသိုလ်များနှင့် ကွန်ယက်ချိတ်ဆက်မှုက ပိုမိုများပြားနေသည့် အချက်ပင်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ နိုင်ငံတစ်ကာနှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်မှုသည် အရေးကြီးသည်ဟု ဆိုသော်ငြားလည်း ပြည်တွင်းရှိ တက္ကသိုလ်အချင်းချင်း ချိတ်ဆက်ထားမှုကြောင့်လည်း ထိုအမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများ (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် အချင်းချင်း ကူညီမှုများပေးပြီး အတူတစ်ကွ တိုးတက်မှုကို ဖော်ဆောင်နိုင်ခြင်းကြောင့် ပြည်တွင်းရှိ တက္ကသိုလ်များ အချင်းချင်း ချိတ်ဆက်ထားမှု၏ အရေးပါမှုကိုလည်း လျစ်လျူမရှုသင့်ပါ။ အမှန်စင်စစ်တွင်မူ ချင်းပြည်နယ်ရှိ ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍကို ဦးဆောင်နေသူများနှင့် အင်တာဗျူးလုပ်ကြည့်သည့်အခါတွင် ၄င်းတို့အနေဖြင့် ပြည်တွင်းရှိ တက္ကသိုလ်များ အချင်းချင်း မိတ်ဖက်အနေဖြင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ထားရန် လိုအပ်သည့် အချက်ကို ဆွေးနွေးခဲ့သော်လည်း ၄င်းကိစ္စကို အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ရန် မည်သူတစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်ကမှ စတင်ခြင်းမရှိသေးသည်ကိုလည်း တွေ့ရှိရပါသည်။ ကျောင်းအုပ်တစ်ယောက်ကမူ “ကျွန်တော်တို့ ချင်းလူမျိုး ခေါင်းဆောင်တွေဟာ အမြဲကိုပဲ တစ်ခြားလူတွေ၊ တတိယပါတီတွေက ၀င်လာပြီးမှ ဒီလိုကိစ္စတွေကို လာလုပ်ပေးတာမျိုးကို စောင့်တတ်ကြတယ်၊ ဒါဟာ ကျွန်တော်တို့ရဲ့ အားနည်းချက်ပဲ” ဟု မှတ်ချက်ပေး ဖြေဆိုခဲ့ပါသည်။
တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံးရှိ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ အထူးသဖြင့် ချင်းပြည်နယ်အတွင်းရှိ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍရှိ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများနှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ထားခြင်းသည် အောက်ပါအချက်များအရ ၄င်း အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကျောင်းများ (သို့မဟုတ်) တက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ ရေရှည်တည်တံ့မှုအတွက် မဖြစ်မနေ အရေးကြီးသည်ဟု မိမိအနေဖြင့် ထင်မြင်ယူဆမိပါသည်။ ပထမဦးဆုံးအချက်မှာ အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍအနေဖြင့် ခိုင်မာစွာ ချိတ်ဆက်ထားမှုများရှိခြင်းကြောင့် နိုင်ငံတော်၏ အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍဆိုင်ရာ မူဝါဒအား ပိုမိုအားကောင်းလာစေရန် လွှမ်းမိုးမှုများ ပြုလုပ်နိုင်ပါသည်။ ၄င်းကဲ့သို့ ပြုလုပ်နိုင်ပါက အမြတ်အစွန်းမယူသည့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍရှိ ကျောင်းများနှင့် တက္ကသိုလ်များ အနေဖြင့် ရေရှည်တွင် တရား၀င်မှု ရယူနိုင်ရေးနှင့် အသိအမှတ်ပြုမှု ရရှိနိုင်ရေးအတွက်လည်း အထောက်အကူရနိုင်သဖြင့် ကျောင်းသူ၊ကျောင်းသားများအနေဖြင့် တက္ကသိုလ်နှစ်ခုကို ပြိုင်တူတက်နေရခြင်းမျိုး မဖြစ်လာနိုင်ရန်လည်း အကူအညီပေးနိုင်သည်။ ဒုတိယအချက်အနေဖြင့်မူ ကွန်ယက်ချိတ်ဆက်ဆောင်ရွက်မှုကြောင့် အရင်းအမြစ်များ မျှ၀ေသုံးစွဲနိုင်သည့်အတွက်လည်း အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍ၏ အရည်အသွေး တိုးတက်လာစေရန် အထောက်အကူများစွာဖြစ်စေနိုင်ပါသည်။ နောက်ဆုံး အရေးကြီးသည့် အချက်မှာမူ ကွန်ယက်ချိတ်ဆက်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းကြောင့် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍအတွင်းရှိ ကျောင်းများ၊ တက္ကသိုလ်များအနေဖြင့် အပြန်အလှန်လေ့လာနိုင်ခြင်းကြောင့် ၄င်း အဖွဲ့အစည်းများအသီးသီး တိုးတက်လာနိုင်ရန်အတွက် အထောက်အကူပြုနိုင်ပါသည်။ အခြားသူများနှင့် အတူတစ်ကွ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းမှသည်သာ မိမိတို့ကိုယ်တိုင်အတွက်လည်း ကောင်းကျိုးများကို ဖန်တီးယူနိုင်ပါမည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
Nitha Bor Siangpum သည် နော်၀ေးနိုင်ငံရှိ University of Agderမှ ကမ္ဘာလုံးဆိုင်ရာ ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးနှင့် အစီအစဥ်များ ချမှတ်ခြင်း (Global Development and Planning) ဘာသာရပ်ဖြင့် ၂၀၁၇ တွင် မဟာဘွဲ့ရရှိထားသူတစ်ဦးဖြစ်ပါသည်။ သူမသည် နော်၀ေးနှင့် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် တစ်လှည့်စီနေထိုင်နေသည့် သုတေသီ၊ သုတေသန အကြံပေးတစ်ဦးဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ယခု သုတေသန အစီရင်ခံစာသည် သူမအနေဖြင့် ပြည်တွင်းသုတေသန အဖွဲ့အစည်းတစ်ခုအတွက် လုပ်ဆောင်ခဲ့သော သုတေသန စီမံကိန်းမှ ကောက်နှုတ်ဖော်ပြထားခြင်း ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
ယခုပို့စ်အား Tea Circle ၏ ဘာသာပြန်အဖွဲ့မှ အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာမှ မြန်မာဘာသာသို့ ပြန်ဆိုထားခြင်း ဖြစ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher:
"Tea Circle" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-13
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"Abstract: Formal state schooling has since its inception been directed towards the building
of national identity. As state discourses are commonly and readily transmitted
through school textbooks, they may be uncovered by careful examination. This
study looked at five primary school Burmese language readers used in Myanmar
(Burma) to reveal how they function to project a particular version of national
identity. Its proposition is that the state in Myanmar aims to legitimise itself
through schooling—and specifically, the primary school textbooks—by
configuring itself as an integral part of a greater entity, ‘the Union’. It finds that
according to the textbooks’ normative model, the ideal citizen has distinct ethnic,
religious and gender characteristics. It explores the play between constructs of
state, national and individual identity in the textbooks through different
techniques for content and text analysis. It is an original contribution to the body
of work imparting how formal mass education is designed to buttress national
institutions and concepts. Its conclusions, while pertaining explicitly to
Myanmar, have relevance to state schooling everywhere.....Acknowledgements: I would like to thank the following people for their support:
My supervisors, Clive Whitehead and Lyn Parker, who assisted and encouraged
me more than they were obliged to.
Many other staff at UWA, including Patrick Jory and David Bourchier, who
offered advice and friendship; and Philip Taylor, who organised useful seminars
during 2001.
Basil Fernando, Sanjeewa Liyanage and other friends and colleagues at AHRC,
who have always been ready to help when needed.
Ko Aung Myint, who proofread the Burmese–English text.
Thra Bill Win and Nang Tzam, who sowed the seeds for this study by using the
schoolbooks in an admirable effort to teach me a little Burmese.
And finally, thanks to Alistair Paterson for everything..."
Source/publisher:
Nick Cheesman
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-12
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.99 MB (295 pages)
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Description:
"Country Overview: The current situation continues to be not in favour of the most vulnerable children and families in Myanmar with the violence on the rise across the country. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet warned that urgent action is needed to ensure that the situation in Myanmar does not spiral out of control.
A recent report by UN Human Rights Office stated that Myanmar is facing an economy in freefall and the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as a human rights catastrophe that shows no signs of abating. The sharp depreciation of Myanmar currency (kyat) has caused the rise in commodity prices such as essential foods, medicines and fuel which is severely impacting people’s daily lives.
With the escalation in fighting between Myanmar military and EAOs or PDFs, mobile internet access and most Wi-Fi services were cut off in a total of 22 townships in Chin and Kachin states and Magway, Mandalay and Sagaing regions making it difficult for local residents to communicate and access information. Between February and September 2021, 206,000 people were displaced internally due to armed clashes and insecurity..."
Source/publisher:
World Vision (Uxbridge) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-07
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights and international relations, COVID-19 (Coronavirus)
Language:
Format :
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Size:
1.72 MB
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Description:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments from 24 August to 30 September, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group, UNHCR and WFP. The next update will be issued towards the end of October 2021.
HIGHLIGHTS
The humanitarian situation in several townships in Sagaing and Magway regions is deteriorating with an estimated 63,000 people temporarily displaced in Sagaing between 4 and 13 September and more than 12,000 currently displaced in Magway, according to local partners.
In Chin State, clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and local People’s Defense Force (PDF) escalated, particularly around Thantlang. As of 13 September, close to 12,000 people remain displaced in several townships and neighbouring regions.
The security situation in south-eastern Myanmar continued to deteriorate throughout September, particularly in Kayah State and the bordering townships of southern Shan. An estimated 142,000 people remain displaced, mostly in Kayah State, due to clashes and insecurity since 1 February.
Despite access, security and other operational constraints, WFP and partners have started to overcome challenges in food and cash distributions in conflict-affected areas and elsewhere.
An estimated 34,000 people have fled across Shan State since the beginning of 2021; close to 13,380 remain displaced.
Across the country, access to vulnerable people in need of urgent humanitarian assistance and protection services remains significantly restricted due to escalating armed clashes, overall insecurity and COVID-related restrictions.
As of 27 September, less than half of the US$276.5 million requested under the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and only 15 per cent of the US$109 million requested under the Interim Emergency Response Plan have been funded, according to the FTS.
SITUATION OVERVIEW
DIRE HUMANITARIAN SITUATION AND DISPLACEMENT IN SAGAING AND MAGWAY: The humanitarian situation in Sagaing and Magway regions of central Myanmar remains dire, with armed clashes reported between the MAF and local PDFs with security incidents recorded in several townships since early April. On 16 September, airstrikes were reported for the first time in Sagaing, targeting local PDFs in Chaung-U Township and resulting in civilian deaths. The ongoing hostilities have caused thousands of people to flee their homes and destruction of property. Houses have been burnt in both regions. It remains difficult to determine the full humanitarian impact, including the exact number of people cumulatively displaced, the number of civilian casualties and the damage to civilian property because humanitarian partners have not been granted access to the regions with travel authorizations pending.
In Sagaing Region, the conflict has affected about 18 townships. The most affected areas include Kani, Myaung, Tabayin, Shwebo and Yinmarbin. According to partners, an estimated 63,600 people were displaced from many villages in 11 townships in September. Some 45,000 of this group were temporarily displaced from 8 townships between 4 and 13 September and about 18,600 people in 3 townships were temporarily displaced between 7 and 10 September. In Magway Region, armed clashes and security incidents have reportedly affected several townships, mostly in Gangaw, Myaing, Pauk and Saw. More than 12,000 people fled to nearby safer villages and into the forest, according to local sources. About half of them are newly displaced from four villages in Gangaw and from one village in Saw township due to clashes in early September. Around 4,900 remain displaced in Saw and another 1,100 remain displaced in Pauk townships since mid-May and mid-June respectively, having fled from neighbouring Chin State due to MAF-PDF clashes.
Since 15-25 September, 10 townships in Sagaing and 4 townships in Magway have experienced blackouts of mobile internet and Wi-Fi services. In addition, three Sagaing townships – Kawlin, Pinlebu and Wuntho – have also been experiencing loss of mobile telecommunications since 25 September. There have been further reports of Mytel Telecom towers across Sagaing Region and other areas being destroyed. The internet blackout across those townships has deprived affected populations of access to timely information, access to mobile banking and remote health care, as well as communication channels for online learning being used while schools have been closed..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
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pdf
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Description:
"Since the military takeover on 1 February, insecurity and armed clashes continue to be reported across much of the country. Disruptions to banking services, communications, healthcare, and supply chains ensue, while armed conflict in the north and the South-East between the Tatmadaw and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), and/or People’s Defence Forces (PDFs) have resulted in civilian casualties and the displacement of thousands of people.
Natural hazards, such as flooding, has further exacerbated the vulnerability of communities.
Throughout the reporting period, UNHCR and partners continued providing critical life-saving humanitarian assistance, while following the development of the situation closely to understand the full impact on people of concern (PoCs), including IDPs, stateless populations and host communities. Early warning systems, initiated by UNHCR and partners, are employed to detect changes on the ground which could impact on operations and PoCs with the view to inform timely mitigating measures and responses.
The ongoing COVID-19 health crisis continues to pose additional challenges to already strained or disrupted health services, particularly with the surge in cases mid-year, which plunged the country into its most severe wave of infections to date. While integrating COVID-19 prevention and response into regular programming, UNHCR takes proactive measures to adapt in an agile manner to the evolving context to minimize risks to PoCs and to devise ways in which to continue interventions that support them..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-10-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
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pdf
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525.77 KB
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Description:
"ကြားကာလရန်ကုန်တက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီ
အမိန့်အမှတ် (၁/၂၀၂၁)
၁၃၈၃ ခုနှစ်၊ တော်သလင်းလဆန်း (၉)ရက်
(၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ စက်တင်ဘာလ (၁၄) ရက်)..."
Source/publisher:
Interim University Council - University of Yangon
Date of entry/update:
2021-09-14
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Anti-coup protesters
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
301.36 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၃၀/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ စက်တင်ဘာလ (၉) ရက်
အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-09-11
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
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pdf
Size:
190.24 KB
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Title: စစ်ကျွန်ပညာရေးယန္တရား၏ စာမေးပွဲအောင်စာရင်း ထုတ်ပြန်ခြင်းနှင့်ပက်သက်၍ သဘောထားထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်
Source/publisher:
University of Mandalay Students' Union
Date of entry/update:
2021-09-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, Education rights: reports of violations in Burma, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
239.23 KB
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Description:
"Highlights
• To date in 2021, 1.25 million people in Myanmar have received WFP food, cash and nutrition assistance across urban and rural areas.
• Since May, WFP has supported over 800,000 vulnerable people in its large-scale urban food response in Yangon peri-urban areas.
• Significant funding shortfalls may hamper WFP’s ability to sustain ongoing life-saving operations while scaling up to support up to 3.3 million food -insecure people in Myanmar.
Situation Update
The situation in Myanmar remains complex and volatile: The triple impact of poverty, ongoing political unrest and economic crisis, compounded by a rapidly spreading third wave of COVID-19 transmissions since June, have exacerbated food insecurity in Myanmar. Lockdown measures and the spread of COVID-19 cases among WFP’s staff, partners and contractors, as well as in internally displaced people (IDP) camps, further constrain WFP’s ability to respond to life-saving needs. Heavy floods, particularly in the southeast and Rakhine State, in late July have further complicated humanitarian efforts.
Conflict-driven displacements hit a new high:
As of 9 August, UNHCR estimates that at least 191,100 people remain internally displaced across Myanmar since the military takeover. The humanitarian situation for many IDPs, in urgent need of food and other support, remains dire during the monsoon season. However, access remains largely limited due to security reasons and bureaucratic requirements.
The economic outlook is bleak: The World Bank estimates an 18 percent contraction in Myanmar’s economy in the 2021 fiscal year. In 2022, the poverty rate is likely to more than double compared to preCOVID levels in 2019, and up to 1 million more jobs could be lost.
The vulnerable bear the brunt of price volatility:
WFP’s latest market monitoring in June showed a continued increase in the price of fuel (48 percent), cooking oil (37 percent), and rice (13 percent) compared to pre-1 February. Overall, the cost of a basic food basket has increased by 16 percent . These are likely to have significantly worsened the precarious situation faced by many poor and food-insecure households..."
Source/publisher:
World Food Programme (Rome)
Date of entry/update:
2021-08-14
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
WFP (World Food Programme), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, COVID-19 (Coronavirus)
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.01 MB
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Description:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments from 24 June to 27 July, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UNHCR and WHO. The next update will be issued towards the end of August 2021.
HIGHLIGHTS
• An estimated 170,200 people remain displaced in south-eastern parts of Myanmar due to violence, armed clashes and insecurity since 1 February. This includes around 121,400 people displaced in Kayah State and neighboring townships of southern areas of Shan State following an escalation of clashes since 21 May.
• In Chin State, clashes continued in and around Mindat Township over the course of July and more than 18,100 persons remain internally displaced in over 100 sites in Chin State and in neighboring Magway and Sagaing regions.
• In Shan State, population movement remains fluid, with new displacements and small-scale returns recorded during the reporting period. A total of 22,000 people have been displaced across north and southern parts of Shan State since the beginning of 2021; about 7,000 of them remain displaced across 33 temporary sites.
• Continuous rains resulted in floods affecting several townships across Rakhine State and parts of south-eastern Myanmar. A number of fatalities have been reported and several thousand people were affected or displaced, according to initial reports.
• An Interim Emergency Response Plan has been developed and seeks US$109 million to reach an additional 2 million people with prioritized emergency humanitarian response activities beyond the scope of the 2021.
• More funds have been secured for humanitarian response in Myanmar and as of 29 July, 42 per cent of the US$276.5 million requested under the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) has been funded, according to the FTS. However, strengthened donor support is necessary to address the over 50 per cent funding gap.
SITUATION OVERVIEW
3 MILLION PEOPLE NEED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN MYANMAR: About 3 million people need humanitarian assistance and protection services across various parts of Myanmar. This includes about 1 million people living in conflict-affected areas in Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, northern Shan and Rakhine identified at the start of 2021 in the HRP. An additional 2 million people are targeted for humanitarian assistance and protection services, as part of the recently developed Interim Emergency Response Plan. The Plan mainly focuses on people in urban and peri-urban areas in Yangon and Mandalay, as well as those displaced or otherwise affected in Chin and Kayin states since 1 February.
The Plan will ensure a coordinated approach to respond to people’s food and nutrition needs, water, sanitation and hygiene, education, shelter, health and a wide range of protection services, such as Child Protection and prevention and response to Gender-Based Violence (GBV). The Plan will integrate COVID-19 related prevention and response in its programming.
The Interim Emergency Response Plan aims to complement the existing HRP and ensures an operational planning framework for humanitarian partners to coordinate response. The Plan identifies an additional US$109 million in emergency humanitarian programming to be implemented until the end of 2021. These requirements are in addition to the $276.5 million requested through the 2021 HRP. As of 30 July, US$7.8 million has been received against the total requirements under the Interim Plan, which represents 7 per cent of funding.
FLUID POPULATION MOVEMENT IN THE SOUTHEAST: The security situation in south-eastern Myanmar remains tense, with sporadic clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) or the “People’s Defense Forces” (“PDFs”) reported in Kayah, Kayin and Mon states and eastern Bago and Tanintharyi regions. In Kayah State, about 5,000 people from 11 villages in Loilen Lay Town in eastern part of Loikaw Township have been displaced on 12 July, following clashes between the MAF and the “Karenni Nationalities Defense Force”, a coalition of the “Karenni Army” and the “PDFs”.
UNHCR estimates that about 170,200 persons have been internally displaced since 1 February in south-eastern Myanmar. This includes some 121,400 displaced in Kayah and southern areas of Shan states (Hsihseng and Pekon townships), about 47,700 in Kayin State, including 7,000 people who had returned after having fled to Thailand between April and May but who remain internally displaced, and a further 1,100 in Mon State. According to public sources, 69 civilians have been killed, about 160 houses and 8 churches destroyed in Kayah and southern areas of Shan states due to the hostilities that have erupted in May. Details of these incidents could not be verified due to access challenges and security concerns.
The humanitarian situation in the area remains dire, as the majority of displaced populations, who are unable to return due to ongoing hostilities, continue to experience significant challenges in accessing basic needs due to various constraints, including limited humanitarian access.
Humanitarian partners continue to make efforts to provide food, non-food-items, medical assistance and shelter materials as well as protection services to the newly displaced and otherwise vulnerable populations. In tandem with increasing needs, humanitarian organizations, are mobilizing funds and finalizing a contingency plan to respond to the emerging situation in the area. Critical needs for food, medicines and shelter have been reported, while a wide range of protection services and other humanitarian needs of affected communities – especially children, women and elderly persons – remain to be fully addressed.
OVER 18,000 PEOPLE REMAIN DISPLACED IN CHIN STATE: The security situation in Chin State and neighbouring two regions remains unpredictable, as hostilities between the MAF and the “PDFs” picked up again in several townships. Intermittent clashes have been reported in Mindat in Chin State as well as in Saw in Magway and Kale and Tamu townships in Sagaing regions throughout July. Increased deployment of troops and continued road blockages and checkpoints have been reported in and around Mindat Township with the temporary ceasefire between the “Chinland Defense Force-Mindat” and the MAF not extended beyond 14 July. In Magway Region, several rounds of artillery were reported in Saw Township on 15 July. In Sagaing Region, clashes in several villages in Kale and Tamu townships in mid-July resulted in a reported number of civilian casualties.
As of 19 July, more than 18,100 persons remain internally displaced in over 100 displacement sites in Chin, Magway and Sagaing. Most of the displaced persons are in four townships in Chin State, where they have been displaced since mid-May. This displacement is in addition to some 9,850 people who remain displaced across 27 sites in Paletwa Township in Chin State due to the earlier conflict between the MAF and the “Arakan Army”.
Access to affected areas remains substantially constrained, although two partners were able to deliver essential assistance to the people in need in certain locations in Mindat Township, including food items for two weeks, medicines, surgical masks and hand sanitizers targeting about 2,000 people. A UN agency also distributed non-food items, including tarpaulins, mosquito nets, mats, blankets, kitchen sets, solar lamps and protective medical equipment in Mindat.
RECURRENT POPULATION MOVEMENT IN NORTH AND SOUTHERN SHAN: Armed clashes between the MAF and EAOs and among EAOs in north and southern areas of Shan State continued between late June and mid-July. On 30 June, some 860 persons from 11 villages in Kyaukme Township in northern Shan were displaced following a series of clashes between the “Restoration Council of Shan State” (RCSS) and the allied forces of the “Shan State Progress Party” (SSPP) and the “Ta’ang National Liberation Army”. In Muse Township, more than 400 people in Man Yang Village Tract fled their home on 6 July due to armed clashes between the MAF and the “Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army”; the displaced families were able to return only on 17 July. In Hsipaw Township, about 300 persons from two villages fled their home on 16 July due to clashes between the RCSS and the SSPP. In southern areas of Shan State, partners confirmed the displacement of over 2,900 persons in Kyethi and Mongkaing in mid-July.
As of 22 July, some 7,000, out of the 22,479 persons who have been displaced across 14 townships in Shan State, remain displaced across 33 temporary sites in Kyethi and Mongkaing townships in the south and in Hsipaw,
Kyaukme and Kunlong townships in northern parts of Shan State.
Humanitarian partners and local communities are complementing locally led responses to the newly displaced persons through the provision of food and non-food; however, displaced people remain in need of food, mosquito nets, blankets and COVID-19 prevention related support.
FLOODS AFFECT TOWNSHIPS IN RAKHINE STATE AND PARTS OF SOUTH-EAST: Continuous monsoon rains caused flooding in lowland areas in Rakhine State and certain parts of south-eastern Myanmar, including Kayin and Mon states and Tanintharyi Region.
Initial reports indicated that some 3,000 people have reportedly been affected, with 100 households evacuated from their homes in Hlaingbwe Township in Kayin State. In addition, more than 1,400 people in several wards in Myawaddy Town in Kayin State were evacuated to 10 relief camps on 26 July and received rice assistance from local communities and structures. Additional people, whose exact number could not be ascertained, have also been affected in several townships in Mon State, including in Mawlamyine and Ye.
In Rakhine, initial reports indicated that Kalar Chaung Monastery displacement site, hosting about 1,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) in Mrauk-U Township has been flooded on 25 July. This has affected approximately 24 out of 142 shelters within the displacement site. In Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Rathedaung townships, over 600 households in several villages have been affected, while roads connecting communities have been blocked and power supply disrupted in Thandwe Township since 26 July; water levels on the roads have reached up to nine feet. Some 200 households in the township’s affected areas have been evacuated to safer locations by local volunteers; they are expected to return to their places of origin soon. In Kyaukpyu Township, Kyauk Ta Lone IDP camp, at least 27 families have had their temporary shelter damaged, and dozens of sanitation facilities damaged or destroyed due to the floods. The affected people are taking refuge in the higher sections of the camp, hosted by relatives.
Operational partners are currently collaborating with local aid groups and volunteers to better understand the situation and collect information on people’s needs. According to multiple sources, many people in affected locations and other areas where precipitation had been forecasted need support with evacuation. Those who have been evacuated or otherwise affected by floods require assistance in food, emergency shelter, health care and medical supplies, according to initial reports. Local volunteers have managed to evacuate the affected people and have provided initial assistance in terms of food and WASH as well as some COVID-19 awareness raising activities. The response, however, is likely to be impacted by access limitations, including those related to the current COVID-19 prevention measures.
COVID-19: Available figures suggest that COVID-19 testing is taking place in States and Regions from both the public and private sectors, with the variants Alpha, Delta, and Kappa identified across the country, according to a report from 15 June, but not the extent to which any single variant dominates infections.
Current figures show that the Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) cases have rapidly accelerated, as has the demand for hospitalization. Because the data is limited, it is not possible to confirm how these figures reflect the real situation, but it indicates a rapidly increasing number of infections in the country. From 1-28 July, a total of 126,822 cases were reported from 382,125 tests with a test positive ratio of 33.18 per cent; daily test positive ratio is reaching 40 per cent. A total of 4,876 deaths attributed to COVID-19 were reported during the same period, with Bago, Yangon and Sagaing regions heavily affected.
A stay-at-home order have been imposed in over 80 townships across the country, and public holidays in July have been extended in an attempt to reduce the movement of people. This situation is unfolding in a context where access to health facilities is extremely limited. Partners are working to re-operationalize testing and surveillance activities, while COVID-19 treatment centres are being established with available resources and capacities. The full operationalizing of clinical management of cases is planned as soon as possible..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-07-30
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Humanitarian assistance - emergencies, Right to Life: reports of violations in Burma, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar
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550.25 KB
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Description:
"• The recently launched addendum to the 2021 Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan: Interim Emergency Response Plan for new areas estimates that an additional 2 million people need humanitarian assistance since February 2021.
• Rainfalls across the country recorded since 25 July resulted in flooding and overflow of rivers, affecting several townships in Rakhine State and certain areas of south-eastern parts of the country • Amidst the COVID-19 third wave (with test positivity over 35 per cent and mortality at ~2 per cent) and operational challenges, UNICEF is working with partners and directly with private contractors to procure and deliver additional oxygen concentrators to central medical store depots for further distribution to hospitals as needed; as well as providing personal protective equipment and risk communication and community engagement messages.
• 500 portable hand-washing stations to reach 25,000 people have been distributed and installed in communal places, temporary learning spaces (TLS) and schools through the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) response.
• A total of 4,889 individuals, including 3,981 children (1,812 girls and 2,169 boys), have benefited from psychosocial support; this includes targeted responses to Hotline distress calls and individual psychotherapy sessions..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-07-30
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Public Health, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, COVID-19 (Coronavirus)
Language:
Format :
pdf
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325.8 KB
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Description:
"The MIMU 3W gathers inputs from participating humanitarian and development agencies on Who is doing What,
Where, across Myanmar. It is normally conducted every 6 months and provides information on agencies’ activities at various levels (village/village tract/township and IDP camps). Given the changing situation, there has been a 9 month gap since the last 3W round documenting agencies activities as of August 28th 2020.
In total, 159 agencies participated in the May 2021 3W, providing information on their humanitarian, development and peace-focused activities across 22 sectors and 157 sub-sectors as defined by technical/sector working groups. 3W reporting tends to be more comprehensive for projects of INGOs, UN and Red Cross agencies, but there is underreporting of activities for local NGOs and CBOs, since not all are participating. 54 less agencies reported in this May 2021 round than in the last MIMU 3W in August 2020, possibly due to the pressures of the COVID pandemic and/or uncertainty re the situation for agencies’ activities countrywide. Note that agencies must report to a sufficiently detailed level (village or camp level) for their work to be reflected fully in the MIMU 3W products.
This Overview covers projects under implementation reported to the MIMU 3W as of May 31, 2021 in Bago (East),
Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Shan (East), Shan (South) and Tanintharyi. Further information on planned and recently completed projects is available from the 3W dataset, which can be requested by 3W Partners. Projects under implementation can also be viewed on our interactive dashboards - 3W Township Dashboard and 3W Village Tract Dashboard..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-07-29
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.51 MB
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Description:
"The theme of corruption in education is important because bribery and corruption sabotages
the development of educated, competent, and ethical young people, who are the future workforce, decision makers and leaders of Myanmar. Corruption in education erodes social trust,
damages Myanmar’s reservoir of human capital and contaminates equality, ultimately undermining and destabilizing the well-being of our society.
A contemporary picture suggests that at primary school level, only 81 per cent of children
aged 6–10 years attend school. UNICEF(2019a) reported quoting the 2014 census a calculation that 1 in 5 children are not attending, either because they never entered school or dropped
out. Fees related to education are said to be one of the main causes for many children to
give up on schooling. Another main reason for children to drop out of school is the limited
quality and relevance of the education that is offered. Economic hardships force many young
children to give up education in order to work. UNICEF (2019b) supported the Myanmar
Government to implement the National Education Strategic Plan 2016–2021 (NESP (2016),
and implement the goals of a National Early Childhood Care and Development Policy.
UNICEF (2019a)..."
Source/publisher:
Academia.edu (San Francisco)
Date of entry/update:
2021-07-27
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Education rights: standards and mechanisms, Human rights and education, UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Children
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
41.92 KB
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Description:
"The Interim Emergency Response Plan has been developed under the leadership of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) as an operational planning framework to enable prioritized emergency humanitarian response activities beyond the scope of the 2021 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) that was launched in January 2021. The operational plan builds on efforts to date to respond to humanitarian needs arising since 1 February 2021, which have drawn on contingency stocks or reorientation of planned development assistance. The Interim Plan focuses on 1) urban and peri-urban townships in Yangon and Mandalay which have seen dramatic increases in humanitarian needs due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing situation since 1 February; 2) scaling up of emergency response in Kayah State, Chin State, and other areas where clashes have driven large-scale displacement in previously stable areas; and 3) flexible inter-agency rapid response in other areas when new emergency needs related to violence, insecurity, and displacement are identified.
The operating environment across the country has become more challenging in a number of respects. In particular, the volatile security situation and communications and banking disruptions are complicating activities countrywide. Responding in areas with limited pre-existing humanitarian capacity, which are the primary focus of this plan, creates specific challenges and risks that partners are working to address. The Interim Plan, therefore, emphasizes the importance of a cautious and iterative approach, as efforts continue to define needs more clearly, improve information collection and to optimize response approaches. As always, humanitarian response activities will be guided by the internationally recognized principles of neutrality, impartiality, independence, and humanity.
The Interim Plan emphasizes the importance of ensuring inclusive humanitarian response approaches tailored to the needs of particular groups, including women, girls, the elderly and persons with disabilities, who are being impacted by the current situation in different ways. It also highlights the centrality of protection and do-no-harm approaches as humanitarian operations extend into new areas.
The Interim Plan identifies $109 million in emergency humanitarian programming to be implemented until the end of 2021. These requirements are in addition to the $276.5 million requested through the 2021 HRP for ongoing humanitarian efforts in Kachin, northern Shan, Rakhine, southern Chin and Kayin states, and parts of eastern Bago Region. The HCT has emphasized that efforts to mobilize in new locations should not draw capacities or resources away from the conflict-affected settings targeted through the HRP and has noted that needs are growing in many of these locations. The HRP and the Interim Plan are therefore distinct but closely linked and will also be implemented in parallel with the development of complementary planning instruments providing, among other areas, for support for the continuity of Myanmar’s health system. If required, lifesaving activities in the areas covered by the Plan and other locations may need to be integrated into a more expansive 2022 Humanitarian Response Plan..."
Source/publisher:
Humanitarian Country Team in Myanmar and UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-07-13
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
703.89 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၂၁/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ(၂၁) ရက်
ပြည်ထောင်စုတိုင်းရင်းသားလူမျိုးများဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးတက္ကသိုလ်၊ ပြည်ထောင်စုတိုင်းရင်းသားလူငယ်များစွမ်းရည်ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးဒီဂရီကောလိပ်များ နှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-30
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
174.03 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၂၂/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ (၃၀) ရက်
ကြားကာလယာယီကောင်စီများကို အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-30
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
244.98 KB
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Description:
"Highlights:
The situation in the country remains volatile with ongoing reports of violence, restriction of movement, arrests and arbitrary detention.
Access to, and delivery of, humanitarian assistance is still heavily restricted, due in part to, challenges with renewals of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) for implementing partners and obtaining travel authorization, coupled with massive disruptions to the banking system.
A reemergence of COVID-19 has occurred since early May, notably in Chin State and other areas. UNICEF has provided oxygen concentrators, with necessary supplies and parts, to district hospitals of Falam and Mindat, Hakha State hospital, Tonzaang Township Hospital and Cikha Station hospital, as well as district hospitals of Kale and Tamu.
Working with partners, UNICEF has also provided handwashing facilities and personal protective equipment (PPE) as well as promoted community health awareness raising through distribution of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) material..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-29
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.02 MB
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Description:
"• An estimated 177,500 people have been displaced in southeastern parts of Myanmar due to violence, armed clashes and insecurity since 1 February. This includes around 103,500 people displaced in Kayah State following an escalation of clashes since 21 May.
• In Chin State, clashes between the Chinland Defence Forces (CDF) and Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) continued across a number of townships until early June and more than 20,000 people are currently hosted in over 100 displacement sites in five townships in Chin State, one in Magway and another in Sagaing regions.
• In Kachin State, the displacement of 2,000 people has been verified in two townships. A total of 11,650 people have been internally displaced across Kachin since mid-March 2021; more than 10,200 of them remain displaced to date.
• Armed clashes were reported for the first time in Kyethi and Mongkaing townships in southern areas of Shan State in 2021, leading to the displacement of an estimated 1,660 people in June. Since the start of 2021, around 17,730 people have been internally displaced across 14 townships in north and southern parts of Shan State.
• The security situation across Rakhine remains relatively calm and despite a lull in hostilities since November 2020, thousands of displaced people who remain in camps and sites are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance and protection services.
• The Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF) First Standard Allocation will disburse US$12.1 million ($1.8 million increase from the initial strategy) to enable partners to strengthen the response in line with the 2021 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP). The allocation will also target additional life-saving activities to address the emerging humanitarian needs in other areas. The HRP, which seeks US$276.5 million remains only 21 per cent funded..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, The discussion on humanitarian assistance to Burma, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups.
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
618.49 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၂၀/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ(၁၆) ရက်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေး၀န်ကြီးဌာန၏ ကြားကာလပညာရေးအစီအစဉ်အား ကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
740.58 KB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၈/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ(၂) ရက်
သင်ကြားရေးဝန်ထမ်းများ ခန့်ထားခြင်းနှင့် စေတနာ့ဝန်ထမ်းများ ဖိတ်ခေါ်ခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Anti-coup protesters, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
125.36 KB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၉/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ(၂) ရက်
စာသင်ကျောင်းများကို ပစ်မှတ်ထားတိုက်ခိုက်ခြင်းနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
146.1 KB
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Description:
"HIGHLIGHTS: The civil unrest and conflict in Myanmar following 1 February has resulted in increased displacement and there are now an estimated half a million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the country, including those displaced before 01 February. In the last two weeks, the estimated number of new IDPs has nearly tripled from 61,000 to 175,000, largely due to new armed clashes and a rapidly deteriorating humanitarian situation in Myanmar’s Kayah State.
In Kayah State, located in eastern Myanmar, an estimated 100,000 people have now been displaced since 1 February, most of whom have been displaced since 20 May. The security situation also continues to be particularly tense across southeast Myanmar, with explosions and shelling reported in various locations and intensified clashes also observed in Kayin State and eastern Bago Region. Many of the 149,000 total IDPs in southeast Myanmar remain in hiding. In northern Myanmar, internal displacement has increased due to ongoing fighting between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and Kachin Independence Army, expanding across Kachin State, the northernmost state in Myanmar, and into northern Sagaing Region. In northern Shan State, armed conflict among ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and between EAOs and the MAF continued to displace people across a number of townships.
As a result of recent fighting in Kayah and Shan States, there have not yet been new reported movements from Myanmar toward Thailand. From earlier displacement from Myanmar, Mae Hong Son Province remains the most affected area in Thailand, though humanitarian actors have not yet formally been granted access. The group of over 1,700 arrivals from Myanmar reported on 13 May has now reduced to some 255, who are being accommodated in four temporary safety areas, managed by the Royal Thai Government. The remainder of the group has reportedly returned to Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Food Security and militarisation in Burma, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
7.47 MB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၅/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၃၀) ရက်
ကြားကာလယာယီကောင်စီများကို အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
405.08 KB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၆/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ(၃၀) ရက်
အမည်ပျက်စာရင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Anti-coup protesters
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
678.15 KB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၇/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၃၀) ရက်
အမည်ပျက်စာရင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Anti-coup protesters, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
273.61 KB
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Description:
"Highlights: In 2020, the situation in Myanmar was overshadowed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The main focus of all UNICEF’s work was adapting programmes to COVID-19-safe engagement modalities and ensuring critical activities continued. UNICEF Myanmar rapidly repurposed its operations to support a massive coordinated national COVID-19 response, to ensure that children in Myanmar, including the most vulnerable, stayed healthy, able to access critical services, and supported by strengthened systems to mitigate the secondary impacts of the crisis.
As we prepare this annual report, the context in Myanmar has significantly changed as a result of the military takeover on 1 February 2021. However, it is worth noting the results achieved last year, and reflecting on how to continue our critical work for children..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-06-02
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Children, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.16 MB (38 pages)
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Title: UNICEF Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report No. 3: Reporting Period: 28 April to 28 May 2021
Summary:
"Highlights: • The number of people displaced in Kayin, Kachin, Chin and Kayah has increased with the intensification of armed clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces and ethnic armed organizations...
Description:
"Highlights: • The number of people displaced in Kayin, Kachin, Chin and Kayah has increased with the intensification of armed clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces and ethnic armed organizations. A wave of improvised explosive device explosions has occurred resulting in the death of a 10 year old child and the injury of another child.
• A total of 54 children (47 boys, 7 girls) have been killed by security forces since the military takeover. Around 1,000 children and young people have been detained, although many of these have now been released.
• UNICEF and partners provided education on explosive weapons-related risk to 13,948 people.
• UNICEF conducted a rapid need assessment (RNA) in Mindat township,vChin State, which will provide data for advocacy, coordination, fundraising, and appropriate allocation of response funds.
• The humanitarian community is working on an Interim Emergency Response Plan for Urban Areas, which will constitute an Addendum to the 2021 Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-31
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Children, Children's rights: reports of violations in Burma against more than one ethnic group, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Food Security and human rights in Burma
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
401.04 KB (8 pages)
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Description:
"Introduction: From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were concerns about what would happen in Myanmar, given its extremely weak health infrastructure, its long history of conflict and political instability, and its large impoverished and at-risk population. The low spread of the virus in Myanmar through the first half of 2020 however led some to believe that the Myanmar government was getting it right. The World Health Organisation’s country representative in Myanmar boasted in July 2020 that “Myanmar has done extraordinarily well so far”. He cited Myanmar’s “whole-of-government” approach, adding: “So the country has really gone all out to strengthen the public health side and preparedness and response, which has been critically important to try and make sure we have as few cases as possible in Myanmar.”
Although the Myanmar government’s COVID-19 Economic Relief Plan (entitled “Overcoming as One”) made claims about being a coordinated action “leaving no-one behind”, many of the positive actions of the government have not reached the entire population. Aid and support have remained insufficient in most rural areas, like that of Southeast Myanmar, which is largely populated by ethnic minorities who are already vulnerable due to protracted and on-going conflict, displacement, and ethnic oppression by the central government. Thus Myanmar’s “success” should and can only be gauged through a closer look at COVID-19 response and impact in rural ethnic areas.
Very early on in the pandemic, despite the relatively slow spread of the virus, political fractures and infrastructure weaknesses due to Myanmar’s long and on-going history of conflict could be seen not simply in the government’s response, but that of other stakeholders, like Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAOs), locally based civil society organisations, and NGO/INGOs. In a brief report on the situation in Southeast Myanmar during the first wave of the pandemic, KHRG noted the poor coordination and collaboration between stakeholders and the delayed and uneven response to the crisis. KHRG argued that “the lack of coordination between political stakeholders has meant that villagers and local leaders have struggled to obtain information and consistent training and regulations, and has left too much of the responsibility of figuring out what to do in the hands of those who lack information and resources to effectively organise awareness and prevention”. Not only did this poor coordination result in the forced removal of screening checkpoints by the Tatmadaw, KHRG also found the rise of conflict and tension between villages, increasingly critical challenges to livelihood, as well as the breakdown of local systems of mutual aid.
Given the early indications that COVID-19 response and support were failing in some of the most vulnerable areas in Southeast Myanmar, KHRG continued to monitor the situation to more fully assess the structural weaknesses and barriers that might lead to crisis as the pandemic entered a second wave of outbreaks beginning in August 2020. Increased threats of infection in rural areas did in some cases lead to new efforts at awareness and prevention, but in general sparked heightened restrictions by both the Myanmar government and the Karen National Union (KNU). Thus rather than working to increase individual knowledge and responsibility on the part of villagers, most measures ended up being in the form of broad restrictions like travel bans and school closures that have had significant negative impact on villagers’ lives. These restrictions also seemed to be matched by a reduction in the range of stakeholders providing services and aid. Although the government has provided small amounts of financial and material assistance to households in need, villagers living in KNU-controlled and some mixed control areas have been excluded, leaving local authorities and CSO/CBOs to figure out solutions to support these communities.
Most rural areas in Southeast Myanmar have not (yet) experienced widespread local transmission of the virus, and thus impacts have been more clearly tied to restrictions and prevention measures as opposed to the full-on health crisis seen elsewhere. But because of the already extremely vulnerable situation of many rural communities, the livelihood impacts are themselves at risk of creating a humanitarian crisis. The poor handling thus far of information and prevention, as well as of testing and treatment, may also have wider implications if outbreaks start occurring in the more remote areas.
On February 1st 2021, the Myanmar military seized power by staging a coup against the newly elected government. Although this report focuses on the situation prior to the coup, the infrastructure and services (albeit insufficient) that the central government, EAOs and other stakeholders have put in place over the past year are in the process of being dismantled. Public healthcare services in some areas have come to a halt, and there have been major disruptions to communication, transportation, supply chains, and banking services. COVID-19 testing has been largely reduced, with little reporting now taking place. Any plans for widespread vaccination seem to have been entirely interrupted.
If rural areas of Southeast Myanmar have not yet faced widespread problems of infection, all of this is likely to change. As local doctors have pointed out: “Since the military takeover, the COVID-19 response has stalled. Mass public rallies and protests are both serving a critical function for resistance and unity, but also as likely superspreader events for virus transmission. Without adequate testing, public compliance and goodwill for isolation, access to acute clinical care, and continued immunisations, the implications for COVID-19 spread, morbidity, and mortality are substantial.” Thus, there is need more than ever to find solutions to bring support and aid to rural villagers, whose situation has already deteriorated and become more precarious over the past year. With the military now in control, there is even less likelihood that support and services will reach rural ethnic communities.
Although this report covers the period prior to the coup, and describes an infrastructure that may now barely exist, the problems created by COVID-19 and the government’s response have not disappeared, and will need to be addressed. Furthermore, the underlying political dynamics that impede the development of a support infrastructure capable of addressing the needs of rural ethnic minorities continue to play out. The report thus begins by providing a brief overview of the political dynamics that have shaped access to services and COVID-19 response. Followed by that is a discussion of COVID-19 reporting and testing, and the prevention measures that have been put in place to address the rise in COVID-19 cases. The discussion then turns to impacts on livelihood, access to different forms of support, and the situation of healthcare and education..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-28
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, COVID-19 (Coronavirus), Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) reports
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.37 MB (55 pages)
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Description:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments in conflict-affected areas from 24 April to 24 May, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UNHCR. The next update will be issued towards the end of June 2021.....HIGHLIGHTS: Around 46,000 people were displaced in the south-eastern part of Myanmar between April and May due to the conflict and insecurity, about 37,000 of them displaced in late May following the clashes in Kayah State.
In Chin State, thousands have been internally displaced following an escalation of hostilities in the town of Mindat since 12 May.
In northern Shan, clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and among EAOs continue and around 2,800 people were displaced in May. A total of 8,400 people who have fled since January 2021 remain displaced.
In Kachin State, there has been no new displacement during the reporting period, despite the active armed conflict between the MAF and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA); about 8,500 people who fled insecurity since mid-March remain displaced.
No new population displacement has been reported in Rakhine State. Cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) are reported in IDP camps in Mrauk-U, Paukaw and Sittwe townships.
Humanitarian response remains severely constrained in all conflict-affected areas due to insecurity, banking disruptions, road blockages and pre-existing access challenges.
Myanmar Humanitarian Fund First Standard Allocation of US$10 million launched on 13 May has been amended with an additional $0.35 million to scale up response in Chin State.
A total of US$40.2 million has been mobilized under the 2021 Humanitarian Response Plan, which seeks $276.5 million to address the needs of around 1 million people in conflict-affected areas. This represents less than 15 per cent of the funds required.
KEY FIGURES
85.9K people internally displaced in the South-east due to clashes and insecurity in 2021
15K people internally displaced in northern Shan due to armed clashes in 2021
10K people internally displaced in Kachin State due to armed clashes in 2021
10K people hosted in sites in Chin State and Magway Region due to hostilities in Mindat in May
SITUATION OVERVIEW
UPSURGE IN DISPLACEMENT IN THE SOUTH-EAST: Around 46,000 people were displaced in the southeastern part of the country between April and May, according to data obtained by UNHCR from various sources. This includes the displacement of an estimated 37,000 persons across 57 locations in Kayah State where violence had erupted in late May between the MAF and the Karenni Army, the armed wing of the Karenni National Progressive Party, as well as the Karenni People’s Defense Force, an armed group formed by civilian resistance fighters.
There have been additional displacements, mainly in Kayin State due to insecurity and the clashes between the Karen National Liberation Army and the MAF. Around 45,000 people are currently internally displaced in Kayin State. The majority of them are hiding in jungles with some 8,000 sheltering in caves along Salween River at the border with Thailand. A further 3,900 people remain displaced in Mon State and Bago Region since February. This makes 85,900 the total number of people who have been internally displaced in the region due to armed clashes as well as insecurity as of 24 May.
The internal displacement comes in addition to cross-border movement that remains fluid. Around 7,000 people from Kayin State have crossed the border to seek safety in Thailand since late March and some 1,000 remain in temporary areas in Mae Hong Son Province in Thailand as of 23 May, according to UNHCR.
Humanitarian needs include food, shelter and access to hygiene and sanitation facilities. Additionally, there have been reports of cases of water-borne diseases among the displaced population in the jungle as result of extended lack of access to hygiene and sanitation facilities compounded by the early arrival of the rainy season. Local sources warn of a looming food security crisis if people are unable to return to their villages of origin to tend to their crops and livestock.
Humanitarian partners are doing their best to respond to these needs, both within Myanmar and across the border. For example, in Kayah State, partners provided food and basic households items, child protection and health interventions to a small number of IDPs. However, access restrictions due to insecurity, road blockages, remote terrain, landmine contamination and other bureaucratic impediments continue to impede programme delivery across Kayah and elsewhere.
INCREASING HUMANITARIAN NEEDS IN CHIN STATE: Thousands of people have been displaced following an escalation of violence between the MAF and the Chinland Defense Forces (CDF) in and around the town of Mindat in Chin State on 12 May. The MAF deployed heavy artillery, military helicopters and snipers to the area, and despite the reported retreat of the CDF the following day, the MAF reportedly continued its attacks, including against civilian areas and infrastructure in the town of Mindat, which is home to about 25,000 people (2014 data).
Over 9,000 IDPs are currently hosted in 16 sites, mainly in churches and monasteries, in and around Mindat and 7 sites in Saw in Magway Region. Thousands more had reportedly fled to nearby forests and mountains in search of safety and protection. There are also reports of civilian casualties, damage to and occupation of civilian infrastructure, incidents of the MAF using civilians as human shields and alleged cases of sexual assault against women and girls. Clashes also occurred between the MAF and the CDF in Loklung Village near the capital city of Hakkha on 18 May. This has led to the displacement of around 1,000 people to neighboring villages, according to local partners.
The displaced population and those who remain in town are in urgent need of food, water, medicine, shelter and protection services, such as gender-based violence and psychological support. Local communities and religious institutions are making efforts to provide humanitarian assistance; however, this is not reaching everyone in need. Access restrictions, including due to road blockages and insecurity, are complicating the efforts to verify the reports of displacement, casualties and other incidents, as well as assess needs and respond. The Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF) is supporting an operational partner in Chin State to scale up response, by topping up with an additional funding an existing humanitarian programme.
MORE PEOPLE DISPLACED IN NORTHERN SHAN: Population movement remains fluid in northern areas of Shan State with new displacements and small-scale returns reported on a regular basis. In Hsipaw Township, around 2,510 people fled from their homes to safe areas due to hostilities between the Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army and the allied forces of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army and the Shan State Progress Party/Shan State Army on 18 May. Small-scale population movements were also reported in Nawnghkio and Namtu townships and over the course of May, 2,800 people were internally displaced due to various clashes. A total of 15,151 people have been internally displaced in northern Shan since the start of 2021. While almost half of them returned to their places of origin within weeks, some 8,400 people remain displaced in 34 sites in Hsipaw, Kyaukme, Momeik, Namtu, Namhkan and Nawghkio townships. The IDPs are unable to return due to damage to their property and livelihoods as well as insecurity and risks from landmine contamination.
Humanitarian partners organized three missions to the displacement sites and protracted IDP camps over the course of May to assess people’s needs and strengthen response coordination. Despite some assistance provided by host communities and local partners, the needs of families newly displaced remain largely unmet. The IDPs currently require temporary shelter, food, basic household materials, including mosquito nets, blankets, and mats, as well as access to water and sanitation facilities.
NO NEW DISPLACEMENT IN KACHIN DESPITE INSECURITY: There has been no new population displacement in Kachin during the reporting period. Close to 10,000 people have been displaced across Kachin State following the resumption of clashes in mid-March. While many have returned to their places of origin since then, over 8,500 people remain displaced in Bhamo, Hpakant, Injanyang, Momauk, Myitkyina, Sadung, Shwegu and Waingmaw townships. Local communities and operational partners are responding to the needs of newly displaced people; however, access challenges and insecurity are complicating these efforts.
The security situation remains volatile in Kachin State, with regular armed clashes between the MAF and the KIA in several townships and general insecurity across the state. Hostilities were reported across as many as 13 townships; however, clashes were intense in Momauk Township in particular, where fighting around the Ah Law Bum mountain area, currently controlled by the KIA continues unabated, with reports of aerial strikes by the MAF and artillery shelling by both sides. Since March, over 100 armed engagements were reported across Kachin. According to public sources, 11 civilians were killed and 22 others injured between 11 March and 12 May. The details of these incidents could not be verified at the time of reporting due to access challenges.
ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA IN CENTRAL RAKHINE: AWD cases were reported in IDP camps in MraukU, Pauktaw and Sittwe townships with majority of cases affecting children under five. Based on available information, the cases were reported to be highest during the week of 3 May, with 1,200 cases, and majority reported from six IDP camps. Over 2,000 cases of AWD have so far been reported as of 25 May. The situation has started to stabilize as the number of cases started to go down since 16 May, following robust response by operational partners who are coordination with relevant entities to scale up awareness raising efforts of good hygiene, testing of water quality, chlorination of the boreholes, and cleaning of solid waste and disinfection of latrines. Disease surveillance is ongoing and operational hours of mobile clinics have been extended in certain camps with larger caseloads. Case investigation and laboratory sample collection were also conducted with relevant entities and findings were directly shared to frontline health partners for appropriate clinical management.
NO NEW DIPLACEMENT IN RAKHINE: There has not been any new clashes between the MAF and the AA since November 2020 and no new displacement has been reported. Some small-scale returns among IDPs continue to take place in a number of townships. Close to 82,000 people remain displaced at 147 sites and 27 host communities in 10 townships across Rakhine State. This is in addition to 126,000 IDPs hosted in protracted camps established in 2012..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-28
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Internal displacement/forced migration of Shan. Palaung and Wa villagers, Internal displacement/forced migration of Kachin, Internal displacement/forced migration of Karen villagers, Humanitarian assistance - emergencies, Various groups, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
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Sub-title:
More than half of all teachers are on strike and just 10 percent of students have signed up to start the school year, according to the Myanmar Teachers’ Federation
Description:
"Two days into the school registration process, some 90 percent of students have refused to enroll in Myanmar’s education system under the coup regime, members of the Myanmar Teachers’ Federation (MTF) have said.
Although the military council opened registration on Monday, only 10 percent of students nationwide have enrolled in their respective schools, according to MTF.
Myanmar had more than 9 million students enrolled in its basic education system during the 2019-2020 school year, according to the Ministry of Education under the ousted National League for Democracy government
Current figures suggest that less than 1 million are re-joining their schools this year when they open on June 1.
Locals nationwide have protested the reopening of schools—the sites of occupation by junta troops and battles with local resistance—spray painting anti-coup messages on gates and buildings. Parents have declared that they do not want their children indoctrinated into a “military slave education.”
Likely in response to this protest movement, some 30 policemen and regime troops have been standing guard outside the only high school in Kyike Htaw village in Yangon’s Kawhmu Township during the registration process. They have also been escorting teachers to the school, according to a local resident who requested anonymity.
In the afternoon, the local said, military-appointed ward administrators and members of the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party took over the duties from the police and soldiers.
Just 12 students enrolled at the high school in two days, according to sources close to the school.
In the cities of Mandalay, Monywa, and Yangon there are schools that have had no students register to attend, MTF reported.
Yet junta-run newspapers have recently published photos of crowds of people taking part in the registration process. Netizens have cried foul, pointing out that the pictures were taken prior to the 2019 school year and not indicative of the current level of participation. Myanmar Now has been unable to independently verify these claims.
‘They are trying to threaten us’
A teacher and MTF member who is on strike in accordance with the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), told Myanmar Now that this was not an appropriate time for students to return to school.
“If schools open now, we won’t be able to teach anything meaningfully. Children won’t feel safe. Education isn’t just about teaching information—it is about cultivating humanity. This needs to happen in an environment that is warm and secure,” the teacher said.
More than half of the 400,000 teachers in Myanmar’s education system are estimated to be participating in the CDM. With more than 130,000 of the striking teachers formally suspended by the regime, the military authorities have been advertising open teaching positions in junta-controlled newspapers as the school opening date nears.
“Even before the coup, there weren’t enough teachers to meet the needs of the number of students that they had. Suspending the teachers and bringing charges against them will create even bigger operational challenges for the regime itself,” the same teacher told Myanmar Now.
More than 100 striking teachers have been charged with incitement for violating Section 505a of the Penal Code, an MTF member said. Conviction carries a three-year prison sentence.
Soe Thura Kyaw, a teacher from Yangon’s Taikkyi Township, is among those charged under 505a for leading a protest in Yangon and joining the CDM. He told Myanmar Now that the junta has offered to drop the charge against him if he returns to work.
“They are afraid of the resistance. They are trying to threaten us into teaching again,” Soe Thura Kyaw, who is also a member of the protest committee for education staff, said.
He added that he is committed to the strike, and bringing down the military dictatorship.
A 28-year-old man in Yangon Region’s Kyike Htaw village said his younger brother, who was due to start fifth grade, would not be going to school this year.
The family is waiting for the anti-coup National Unity Government (NUG) to release its interim education program. At the time of reporting, the NUG had publicly stated plans to teach online, but further details were not yet known. “We don’t accept the military dictatorship, and we reject their education,” the Kyike Htaw local said. “We will send our brother back to school once the people have won.” ..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Now" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-26
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"More than 125,000 school teachers in Myanmar have been suspended by the military authorities for joining a civil disobedience movement to oppose the military coup in February, an official of the Myanmar Teachers' Federation said.
The suspensions have come days before the start of a new school year, which some teachers and parents are boycotting as part of the campaign that has paralysed the country since the coup cut short a decade of democratic reforms.
A total of 125,900 school teachers had been suspended as of Saturday, said the official of the teachers' federation, who declined to give his name for fear of reprisals. He is already on the junta's wanted list on charges of inciting disaffection.
Myanmar had 430,000 school teachers according to the most recent data, from two years ago.
"These are just statements to threaten people to come back to work. If they actually fire this many people, the whole system will stop," said the official, who is also a teacher. He said he had been told that the charges he faces would be dropped if he returns.
Reuters was unable to reach a junta spokesman or the education ministry for comment. The state-run Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper has called on teachers and students to return to schools to get the education system started again.
The disruption at schools echoes that in the health sector and across government and private business since the Southeast Asian country was plunged into chaos by the coup and the arrest of elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
Around 19,500 university staff have also been suspended, according to the teachers' group.....PARENTS KEEP CHILDREN HOME: Registrations begin next week for the school term that starts in June, but some parents said they also plan to keep their children out of school.
"I am not going to enrol my daughter because I don't want to give her education from military dictatorship. I also worry about her safety," said 42-year-old Myint, whose daughter is 14.
Students, who have been at the forefront of daily protests at which hundreds of people have been killed by security forces, also said they planned to boycott classes.
"I will only go back to school if we get back democracy," said Lwin, 18.
Myanmar's education system was already one of the poorest in the region - and ranked 92 of 93 countries in a global survey last year.
Even under the leadership of Suu Kyi, who had championed education, spending was below 2% of gross domestic product. That was one of the lowest rates in the world, according to World Bank figures.
A National Unity Government, set up underground by opponents of the junta, said it would do all it could to support the teachers and students itself - calling on foreign donors to stop funding the junta-controlled education ministry.
"We will work with Myanmar's educators who are refusing to support the cruel military," Sasa, who goes by one name and is a spokesman for the national unity government, said in an email to Reuters. "These great teachers and brave teachers will never be left behind."..."
Source/publisher:
"Reuters" (UK)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Human Rights and international relations, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
A JOINT STATEMENT BY SAVE THE CHILDREN, UNESCO AND UNICEF
Description:
"Over 12 million children and young people in Myanmar have not had access to organised learning for more than a year. The consequences for their education, personal development, psychological wellbeing and future opportunities are already profound and will continue to grow. Children in the poorest and most remote communities will likely be most affected.
All children and young people have the right to access education and parents have a right to choose the kind of education their children will receive. Children’s best interests must be central to decision-making about education. And it is essential to ensure that students, teachers and staff are consulted, respected and safe to learn and teach on their own terms, and with dignity.
Attacks on places of learning and education staff and the occupation of education facilities are unacceptable. They must be protected from conflict and unrest – these are places where children should be safe and empowered to learn and develop.
In the era of COVID-19, keeping places of learning safe also requires the rigorous application of prevention and control measures. The risks associated with COVID-19 are still high, and it is important to do everything possible to prevent further spread of the disease. Providing psychosocial support and care will be essential if students and teachers are to be able to focus on learning. Teaching and learning will need to be adapted to compensate for the extended period of lost learning and there will be an ongoing need for supplementary and flexible learning approaches.
Keeping places of learning safe at all times, and ensuring continuity of learning, must be a priority for Myanmar. The lack of access to a safe, quality education threatens to create an entire generation in Myanmar which will miss out on the opportunity to learn. This is something which we cannot and must not accept.
For further information, please contact:
Shima Islam, UNICEF East Asia and Pacific, Bangkok, [email protected]
UNESCO Regional Bureau, Bangkok, [email protected]
Charlotte Rose, [email protected] , Save the Children Asia Regional Office (available during BST office hours)..."
Source/publisher:
Save the Children, UNESCO, UNICEF via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-22
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Children, Children's rights: resources and organisations, COVID-19 (Coronavirus), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၄/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ(၂၁) ရက်
PPTT အပတ်စဉ် (၇) သင်တန်းနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-22
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
99.12 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၃/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၂၁) ရက်
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန၏ Non-CDM များနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ အသိပေးကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-21
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
123.93 KB
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Summary:
"Myanmar’s striking educators and administrative staff are continuing their anti-regime action despite pressure from the regime to return to work and reopen universities and schools.
The junta has...
Description:
"Myanmar’s striking educators and administrative staff are continuing their anti-regime action despite pressure from the regime to return to work and reopen universities and schools.
The junta has recently targeted striking educators and administrative staff who refused to serve under military rule with arrests, warrants and suspensions from their jobs.
Since the last week of April, the regime has been issuing arrest warrants against teachers and education staff who joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) on charges of incitement.
As of Tuesday, 220 teachers, including professors, headmasters and headmistresses, education officers and officials, have been put on the list.
A number of teachers who went on the strike were recently arrested, charged or sentenced. Announcements of suspensions from their jobs were also issued.
Regardless of the growing threats, many striking educators and staff carry on their resistance against the junta.
Myanmar Teachers’ Federations said about 60 percent of the academics at universities and colleges resisted the junta’s reopening of campuses. The junta announced the reopening on May 5 of universities and colleges that had been closed for more than a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Those striking academics, more than 19,000 out of a total of 35,000 teachers in universities, colleges, have been suspended from their jobs for carrying on their strike against the regime.
And in public schools for basic education, more than 100,000 teachers and education staff out of a total of 450,000 [that is around 27 percent] joined the CDM, according to an initial announcement by the Ministry of Education on April 23.
Starting on May 7, the junta has issued suspension orders to striking teachers and education staff at public schools nationwide. Among those who have been suspended are custodial staff, security officers at schools, lab technicians, teachers, principals and officials under the basic education department of Ministry of Education.
“The reopening of the schools is just to show the country is well under the control of the military rather than concern for disrupted education,” an official from the teachers’ federation, who asked to be anonymous, told The Irrawaddy.
He said that though some CDM teachers relented and returned to work in fear of being arrested after the junta ramped up detention, many of them would carry on the strike until the military regime collapses.
“We are determined to continue the fight until the fall of the dictatorship and return of a civilian government elected by the people,” said the official, who himself was recently suspended from one of Yangon universities.
A teacher from Yangon Region who was recently suspended from her job said she is proud to stand against injustice even though it meant she had to give up of a job she adored.
“I will only return to work under our elected civilian government,” she added.
Facing a shortage of educators, the military regime is recruiting lecturers and is planning to give promotions to non-CDM professors to replace striking academics. In public schools, the regime is calling for daily wage teachers to substitute for teachers on strike.
Meanwhile, the regime continues to pressure striking educators to give in. In some cases, the junta has arrested the relatives of teachers, holding them as hostages to force teachers to return to work.
Students boycott against ‘military’s slave education’
It is not only teachers, but also students who are boycotting the “military’s slave education.” Student protesters said they won’t attend or enroll the classes under the regime whose forces have killed hundreds of youths including high school students and children.
The teachers’ federation predicted about 80 to 90 percent of university students boycotted classes by refusing to attend or enroll.
The junta also plans to open public schools on June 1, but many students have expressed that they don’t want education under the dictatorship.
Parents have also expressed concern for the safety of their children due to the likelihood of violence amid the regime forces’ continuing brutal actions against civilians.
Making matters worse, a number of schools across the country were set on fire or bombed with homemade grenades by unknown attackers. The regime claimed that school attacks were carried out by “rioters,” using its label for anti-regime protesters. The Irrawaddy can’t independently verify the junta’s claims. Despite the attacks on schools, the regime still insists it will open schools as scheduled on June 1. During a press conference last week, a regime spokesperson said the regime would provide enough security for schools but refused to reveal any details, citing security matters.
Meanwhile risk of contracting COVID-19 is also another cause of concern as Myanmar still detects a dozen cases daily. The regime has said it would deliver facial masks and shields to students free of charge.
A high school student said he and his friends wouldn’t return to school until the revolution prevails. “We will go to school only when Grandma Suu [State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi who was put under detention at the time of the Feb. 1 coup] is released.”..."
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" (Thailand)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-20
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Freedom of opinion and expression: - the situation in Burma/Myanmar - reports, analyses, recommendations, Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, violations of, Right to Life: reports of violations in Burma, Human Rights Defenders, Political prisoners and other violations in Burma - reports, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"The brave people of Myanmar and the National Unity Government of Myanmar greatly appreciate the People, Parliament and Government of the United Kingdom for standing with us at this critical moment in our history. While the fate of our country is in the hands of our people, strong and continued support from the UK Government
and the international community is absolutely crucial to our success. Now, more than ever, the people of Myanmar need your continued friendship and support. First of all, I would like to reiterate my sincere thanks to the People, Parliament and Government of the United Kingdom for standing in solidarity and being a strong voice
for the people of Myanmar. I also want to express my gratitude for the efforts of the UK on coordinating targeted sanctions against key tatmadaw personnel, tatmadaw linked companies and enterprises such as MEC and MEHL, and for providing extra funding to the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar. Additionally, I
would like to further thank the UK government for taking a strong leadership role in the UN and G7 summits on behalf of the people of Myanmar, and for the recognition of CRPH and NUG as important voices of many in this nation. Truly we are the voice
of over 54 million brave people who stand in solidarity against the cruel and ruthless junta. Thank you also for lending protection and support to Ambassador Kyaw Zraw Minn since he was illegally removed from office by the junta.
I previously had the wonderful privilege of meeting with Minister H.E. Nigel Adams and other British Parliamentarians who reassured me that the People and Government of the UK are strongly committed and supportive of the brave people of Myanmar in our peaceful movement for freedom and democracy against the junta reign of terror. I am also looking forward very much to appearing before the British
Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee on the Myanmar military coup hearing. I am proud to serve as the Minister of International Cooperation and Spokesperson for the National Unity Government. It is my job to provide you with the information and assistance that you need to support the people of Myanmar. I am always at your
service. The duty of a nation’s military is to defend and protect its people. However, under the command of Min Aung Hlaing, the supposed guardians of our nation are doing precisely the opposite of their duty and continue arbitrarily murdering and detaining
without cause the brave and innocent civilians of Myanmar on a daily and hourly basis. The people of Myanmar unanimously consider Min Aung Hlaing and those who report to him as terrorists. It has been 104 days since Min Aung Hlaing and his gunmen instigated this illegal coup d’etat and took the nation hostage.
Since that day:
• Nearly 800 civilians have been murdered, including at least 52 children;
• Approximately 5,000 civilians have been detained with roughly 4,000 still
remaining in detention;
• Over 1,500 are being hunted by junta forces, evading arrest warrants.
• Continually bombing villages in ethnic States;
• The junta continues using the ASEAN Summit as a propaganda tool;
• I myself am personally wanted for high treason, as are my colleagues;
• Daily raids on private homes continue unabated. In a raid last week of the
home of an opposition leader, for example, authorities abducted his wife
and 20 day old infant when they could not find him.
• There is significant evidence of the torture of those captured, including the poet Khat Thi who was detained last week and murdered within 24 hours.
• They continue to try and stop the truth from getting out:
o They have shutdown Internet access for weeks now,
o Abolished all free media outlets,
o illegitimately made free association illegal, and
o they have harassed and imprisoned journalists. More than 40
journalists remain in detention in Myanmar including an international
Journalist from Japan.
• The violence we are seeing by the junta is both systematic and widespread. It is clear that they are engaging in crimes against humanity against the people of Myanmar.
• Myanmar is quickly becoming a failed state:
o Nearly a quarter million people have become displaced.
o Food insecurity is rising sharply..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of International Cooperation Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Human Rights and international relations, UK-Burma relations, Freedom of opinion and expression: - the situation in Burma/Myanmar - reports, analyses, recommendations, Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, violations of, Human Rights Defenders, Freedom of Movement, violations of in Burma/Myanmar, Right to Life: reports of violations in Burma, Food Security and displacement in Burma, Public Health, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, National Unity Government (NUG)
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157.78 KB (6 pages)
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၁/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၁၅) ရက်
တက္ကသိုလ်၊ ဒီကရီကောလိပ်၊ သိပ္ပံများသို့ ပထမနှစ်တက်ရောက်ကြမည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူ အနာဂတ်ဦးဆောင်မည့်လူငယ်မောင်မယ်များသို့ အသိပေးတင်ပြချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
128.2 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၂/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၁၅) ရက်
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာသင်ကြားရေးအတွက် မြို့နယ်အလိုက်ပညာရေးဘုတ်အဖွဲ့များ ဖွဲ့စည်းဆောင်ရွက်ကြပါရန်တိုက်တွန်းခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
90.66 KB
more
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၁၀/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၁၅) ရက်
စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းရှင်များ၊ စက်ရုံအလုပ်ရုံလုပ်ငန်းရှင်များသို့ မေတ္တာရပ်ခံပန်ကြားချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-15
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
129.09 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၉/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ(၁၅) ရက်
အမည်ပျက်စာရင်းကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-15
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
444.66 KB (4 pages)
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၈/၂၀၂၁)
၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ (၁၄) ရက်
ဆရာ၊ဆရာမများ ရုံးဝန်ထမ်းများ၏လုံခြုံရေး၊ စားဝတ်နေရေးနှင့် အလုပ်အကိုင်တည်မြဲရေးဆိုင်ရာ ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health via National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-14
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
122.56 KB
more
Description:
"H.E. Dr. Sasa, Union Minister of International Cooperation and Spokesperson of the National Unity Government of Myanmar had the privilege of meeting with the United States Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, H.E. Sung Yong Kim, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, H.E. Atul Keshap, and
other senior US Government officials, and had the privilege of making the following address to the people and Government of the United States of America on behalf of the people of Myanmar and the people's elected National Unity Government of Myanmar. II
The brave people of Myanmar and the people’s National Unity Government of Myanmar greatly appreciate the People and Government of the United States of America for its strong
leadership and action against the illegal military junta since the very first day of the military coup on February 1st, 2021.
I am proud to serve as Minister of International Cooperation and spokesperson for the National Unity Government. It is my job to provide you with the information and assistance that you
need to support the people of Myanmar. I am here at your service.
Thank you again for your continued support of the people of Myanmar. While the fate of our country is in the hands of our people, strong and sustained support from the international community, specially from the United States of America is crucial. We are deeply grateful to
all who are standing with us through this horrific ordeal. Now, more than ever, the people of Myanmar need your cooperation, friendship and support. It has been exactly 100 days since the terrorist regime headed by Min Aung Hlaing and his henchmen stole the results of our democratic election and authority from the elected government officials of the people of Myanmar. Like many people in Myanmar, I fear for my
life, but I have survived unscathed till this day. Sadly, however, many of our brave citizens have not been as fortunate as me. Since that horrible day, the coup instigators and 'SAC' forces have murdered nearly 800 civilian heroes of Myanmar, and illegally detained and
imprisoned nearly 5000 of my brave fellow citizens.
The duty of a nation’s military is to defend and protect its people. However, under the command of Min Aung Hlaing, the supposed guardians of our nation are doing precisely the opposite of their duty and continue arbitrarily murdering and detaining without cause the brave and innocent civilians of Myanmar on a daily and hourly basis. The people of Myanmar unanimously consider Min Aung Hlaing and those who report to him as terrorists. Without cause, without explanation, and without even a hearing these terrorists are detaining, beating, raping, torturing, shooting, and murdering innocent civilians and civil servants participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement both openly on the streets and secretly in confinement. This
should come as no surprise, however, as the terrorist tatmadaw organization has been weaponizing rape and murder in atrocities, crimes against humanity, war crimes, ethnic cleansing against ethnic nationalities such as the Kachin, Karen, Shan, Kayah, Mon, Rakhine,
Chin, Rohingya and many, many more..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of International Cooperation Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-13
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Food Security and militarisation in Burma, Public Health, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, USA-Burma relations, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
135.27 KB 262.64 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန ကြေညာချက်အမှတ်(၇/၂၀၂၁) ထုတ်ပြန်..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-12
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
696.79 KB
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Sub-title:
Fostering the untapped potential of Myanmar’s youth
Description:
"In January 2017, State Counsellor Daw Aung San
Suu Kyi gathered 18 young people from across
Myanmar for a Peace Talk in Nay Pyi Taw. These
youth, representing a range of ethnic identities,
shared their fears, hopes, and insights on how to
transform conflict into peace, and how to build
trust between, and within, communities. While the
Peace Talk was considered by some to be symbolic
rather than substantive, the meeting brought the
issue of youth inclusion to the fore and reaffirmed
previous statements delivered by State Counsellor
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi calling for greater
engagement of youth in peace.8
Throughout Myanmar’s history young men and
women have been active at the community level
in activities ranging from youth-led social affairs
groups (Tha-yay Nar-yay ah thin) to supporting
social and community projects such as free funeral
and wedding services, cultural activities, blood
donations, among many others. In the more formal
peacebuilding sphere, youth have supported and
sustained peacebuilding processes but have rarely
featured in formal, influential public decision-
making roles. In the lead up to the partial signing
of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA)
in October 2015, young men and women were
the backbone of Government and Ethnic Armed
Organisation (EAO) coordination structures,
but were never selected as formal negotiators.
Furthermore, key documents guiding formal
peacebuilding efforts in Myanmar — such
as the NCA and the Framework for Political
Dialogue — do not contain provisions related to
youth inclusion. These documents also do not
consider youth as a cross-cutting issue across
thematic discussions. In other words, speeches
and statements articulating the importance
of youth inclusion have yet to be matched by
inclusion strategies and structures that secure the
meaningful engagement of young people in the
future of their country.
While low levels of youth inclusion in public
decision-making persist, there is an opportunity to
capitalise on nascent youth policy commitments
and harness the contributions of youth leaders,
innovators, facilitators, and policy-advocates to
increase the likelihood of reaching sustainable
peace in the country. Global evidence shows that
broadening public participation – including to
young people – in peace increases the prospects
for it lasting.9
Empowering young peacebuilders
has also been shown to create active citizens for
peace, to reduce violence and to increase peaceful
cohabitation.10 With the passing of United Nations
Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2250 on
Youth, Peace and Security (YPS) in 2015, there
is also potential for Myanmar to lead globally
and set good practice for sustainably increasing
the involvement of young people at all levels of
decision-making, policy-making and peacebuilding.
Myanmar youth are contributing formally and
informally to a host of peacebuilding initiatives;
leveraging these contributions, often innovative
and catalytic in their approaches, can support the
multiple transitions the country is undergoing.
Bringing the role of young people to the forefront
of Myanmar’s transition also builds on Myanmar’s
history where students and youth movements
have influenced the trajectory of the country.
This Discussion Paper provides a starting point
for understanding the status of youth inclusion
in peacebuilding in Myanmar. In Section 1, this
Discussion Paper assesses the involvement of
youth and inclusion of youth perspectives in peace
at both national and sub-national levels since 2011.
Section 2 analyses the challenges young women
and men face to their substantive involvement in
peacebuilding. Section 3 draws upon national and
international good practice, articulating a strategic
framework for action to overcome obstacles
discussed in Section 2. (For a detailed overview of
the methodology used to inform this Paper, see
Annex 2.)
opportunities and challenges to young men. Other
identity factors often supersede age-related
identity. Thus, when discussing youth in Myanmar,
it is critical to understand other elements of
identity that intersect with age, such as: gender,
ethnicity, religion, class, disability, Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Questioning
(LGBTIQ), migration, nationality, drug use, among
others..."
Source/publisher:
Paung Sie Facility, UKaid, SWEDEN, Australian Aid
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-12
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Armed conflict and peace-building in Burma - theoretical, strategic and general, Peace processes, ceasefires and ceasefire talks (websites, documents, reports and studies), Panglong Peace Conference, Racial or ethnic discrimination in Burma: reports of violations against several groups, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Children, Education rights: standards and mechanisms, Children's Rights - studies, Women's rights, Ethnic groups in Burma: general studies and articles
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.86 MB (72 pages)
more
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-09
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, National Unity Government (NUG)
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
109.08 KB
more
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-09
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
85.33 KB
more
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-09
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
91.52 KB
more
Description:
"၁။ ကရင်နီပြည်နယ်အတိုင်ပင်ခံကောင်စီ ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက် - အမှတ် (၁/၂၀၂၁)
၂။ အမျိုးသားဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ် ကြောညာချက်အမှတ် ၂/၀၄/၂၀၂၁
၃။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံလုံးဆိုင်ရာဆရာဆရာမများအဖွဲ့ချုပ် ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၈/၂၀၂၁)..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-09
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Karenni (Kayah) State, Articles on the NLD, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf pdf pdf
Size:
154.79 KB 83.84 KB 37.92 KB
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Sub-title:
With an entire academic year already lost to the pandemic, the junta says schools will reopen on June 1, but teachers, students and their parents are refusing to attend or enroll in schools administered by generals and policed by soldiers.
Description:
"Many parents breathed a sigh of relief in January when the elected government unveiled its plans to reopen schools, which had been closed for nearly a year to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. But on February 1, their hope evaporated.
Three months since the coup, the junta is pressing ahead with school re-openings for the start of the next academic year in June. But once again, its plans to continue the policies of the National League for Democracy government it ousted are being foiled by a defiant public.
On April 30, during the daily 8pm newscast on state-owned MRTV, the junta announced that enrollment in basic education schools – as state schools below university level are called – will run from May 24 to 31, with classes resuming on June 1. But many classrooms may still sit empty, thanks to teachers, students and their parents refusing to take part in a military-run “slave education system”, they say.
Scores of Ministry of Education employees including teachers and heads of schools have joined nationwide strikes as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement, and many of the street protests have been led by young students. Meanwhile, junta forces have made barracks of dozens of schools across the country – a move condemned by the United Nations education and children’s agencies, UNESCO and UNICEF, and the international non-government organisation Save the Children. In a joint statement issued on March 19, the three groups called this a “serious violation of children’s rights”.
But despite the importance of children’s education, much of the teaching profession and the wider public are determined to deny the junta a single policy win – and to foil any pretence, after weeks of protest and deadly repression, that Myanmar is now stable. They also feel that, given the neglect and incompetence that marked the previous era of military rule, a junta-run education system would be worthless, and so they have nothing to lose.
“Most teachers won’t return to work because they support the CDM, and most students won’t attend classes to show their opposition to the coup,” said an executive member of the Myanmar Teachers’ Federation who declined to give his name.....‘I will never stop’: Junta chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing promised at his first news conference after seizing power, held on February 8, to reopen schools as soon as it was safe to do so.
On April 11, junta education minister Dr Nyunt Pe told a meeting of education officials that basic education schools will open on June 1. But he tacitly acknowledged how difficult it may be to hit that target when he then urged striking teachers to return to work, suggesting they were violating the Civil Service Personnel Law by joining the CDM.
Two days prior, on April 9, junta spokesperson Major-General Zaw Min Tun told reporters that striking teachers have been pressuring colleagues who’ve joined ministry-run refresher courses ahead of the reopening, and accused protesters of setting some of the buildings housing these refresher courses on fire. He said more than half of all ministry teachers are attending the courses but are being continually harassed by protesters.
Yet the junta has not even been able to keep its own appointees from defecting. It appointed University of Education, Sagaing rector Dr Saw Pyone Naing as Basic Education Department director on March 2, but Pyone Naing rejected the posting and joined the CDM.
Days before, Dr Daw Shwe Pon, the health minister in the National Unity Government – formed in mid-April by ousted MPs and ethnic leaders as Myanmar’s legitimate government, in defiance of the junta – posted a message from Pyone Naing urging department staff not to return to school and to join the CDM.
“Do not forget: teachers that return to [military-run] schools are betraying their country,” the message said.
The Myanmar Teachers’ Federation estimated in March that about 75 percent of education ministry staff were taking part in the CDM. Although Frontier could not get a more up-to-date estimate for the whole ministry, a federation official said about 60pc of Basic Education Department staff remain on strike.
The MTF official added that more than 70pc of those still on strike have gone into hiding, fearing arrest – or worse: of the more than 750 people killed by the junta since the coup, three have been teachers and five have been students, according to the Assistance Association of Political Prisoners.
Among the more than 3,500 people arrested, charged or sentenced since February 1, 60 are education department staff involved in the CDM and 20 are basic education students that had joined protests. Many have been charged with incitement under section 505A of the Penal Code, which carries a maximum three-year sentence.
On April 25, the junta’s education ministry ordered all teachers to return to schools for preparatory work no later than May 3. Frontier could not find an estimate of how many teachers returned that day, but several sources said that many who did return do not plan to be at school on opening day.
“I will absolutely continue taking part in the CDM until we win. I will never stop boycotting an education system run by the military,” a striking teacher in Mandalay Region who’s gone into hiding told Frontier shortly before the deadline.
Although not targeted by the CDM, private schools are also having a tough time trying to fully resume. With their earnings diminished after a year of closures, many do not have the money to hire back staff, said U Nay Oke, chair of the Myanmar Private Schools Association.
He said the MPSA is still waiting for a response to a request it sent last November to the Ministry of Planning, Finance and Industry for loans to private schools to help them meet operating costs when they reopen.
“I’m very worried that the private education sector will be in disarray [without financial assistance],” he said
He expects only 40pc of Myanmar’s 2,000 private schools to be able to reopen for the coming academic year, with enrollment likely down by 50pc from pre-pandemic levels.
The one exception to these trends – including for state schools – appears to be in Rakhine State, the only region of the country that has not seen large-scale strikes or protests against the junta. U Tin Thein, head of the state’s Basic Education Department, says at least 95pc of the more than 28,000 teachers there have attended refresher courses, and only a few have joined the CDM.
Tin Thein said the department is preparing to open more than 3,000 schools but has yet to receive an official reopening plan from Nay Pyi Taw.
“Rakhine State is mostly peaceful, and I believe all schools will be able to reopen,” he said, alluding to an informal ceasefire that has held since November between the Tatmadaw and the Arakan Army. He added that about 80 schools will have to remain closed because they are in “conflict zones”.....‘Not the right time’: Outside of Rakhine, the determination of many teachers to remain on strike is matched by the resolve of many parents not to send their children to schools under military control, despite having already endured a year of closed schools.
Of the parents of 30 primary, middle and high school students Frontier spoke to in Yangon Region, 21 said they absolutely would not send their children to a government school while the military is in charge, and only two said they definitely would. Others were unsure, or said they would in certain circumstances.
Daw Ei Ei Nyein, 52, whose daughter would otherwise be beginning eighth grade at Yankin Educational Degree College Practicing School, said she doesn’t think it would be safe. At an April 29 press conference, Tatmadaw Captain Daw Aye Thazin Myint said the military council is working with the Ministry of Home Affairs and local administration offices to provide added security “for the safety of teachers and students” – a prospect many students and parents find more terrifying than reassuring.
“I will not send my child to school, even if it reopens,” Ei Ei Nyein said. “There is no guarantee that students will not be arrested or shot, or that female students will not be sexually harassed by soldiers.”
She said she will only send her daughter, Ma Yun Nay Chit Htet, to school “once the elected civilian government returns to power”.
Yun Nay Chit Htet, 15, also refuses to attend for now. She believes doing so would not only be worthless under a “slave education system”, but would also signal a tacit approval of the military dictatorship.
“I’ve made up my mind not to return to school until Mother Suu is released,” she said, referring to ousted State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, who remains under house arrest in Nay Pyi Taw.
The education ministry of the dissident National Unity Government, meanwhile, has voiced support for such a boycott. In an April 26 statement it urged teachers and other education ministry employees not to return to universities or basic education schools until the military regime is ousted.
Ei Ei Nyein hopes her daugher will be able to study some form of vocational training outside of the formal system instead.
“Our uprising against the junta’s coup may take a long time, but it doesn’t matter! I do not want my daughter to receive an educational certificate from the junta. I will teach her important work skills for her future myself,” she said.
One Department of Basic Education teacher and MTF member said that if schools do reopen, he expects enrolment to be down by at least half, if only for security or practical reasons.
“I think most parents are worried about their children’s safety these days,” he said. “Due to the political situation and the shortage of teachers in the department because of the CDM, this is not the right time for basic education schools to reopen.”.....COVID mandates: Students were completing the school year in March last year when the country’s first case of COVID-19 was recorded, and final-year high school students were able to take the matriculation exams required for admission to university. However, in its response to the pandemic, the government effectively cancelled the 2020-21 academic year. Although several thousand high schools briefly reopened from July 21 to August 27 after case numbers dropped, all were again closed on August 28 after a second surge in infections was recorded, first in Rakhine and then across the country.
Now, the more than 47,000 basic education schools in Myanmar must pass a 30-point COVID-19 prevention inspection before reopening, ensuring proper sanitation, ventilation and space for social distancing. The junta has trimmed the reopening test from an earlier 80-point one established by the NLD government, but it’s uncertain how many schools will be able to prepare for and pass the test in the next month with their staff diminished by the CDM.
Dr Phyu Phyu Aye, director of the Ministry of Health and Sport’s Public Health Department, declined to answer, insisting the question must be put to the Department of Basic Education, but spokespersons for that department would not take Frontier’s calls.
Daw Win Win Nwe, principal of the Practicing School at the Yangon University of Education in Kamaryut Township, said she had received no instructions on reopening other than that all basic education schools must reopen in June. She said that there had been no inspections to ensure compliance with the health ministry’s COVID-19 prevention measures yet.
Since September 21 last year, the Practicing School has been used as a quarantine centre for citizens returning from overseas.
“Preparations to reopen the school will have to include cleaning and disinfecting the classrooms,” she said.
With teachers and students being shot and arrested, however, COVID-19 precautions seem like the last concern for most students and their parents.
U Soe Soe and Daw Toe Toe Lwin, whose 11-year-old daughter, Ma Aye Myat Thu, was shot in the head by security forces on March 27 as she played in her yard, say they will never send their children to a military-run schools.
The preteen left behind four sisters, one of whom has graduated and one who is not yet of school age.
“We do not dare to enroll our other two daughters if their schools reopen,” Toe Toe Lwin told Frontier. “We lost our beloved daughter, Ma Aye Myat Thu, due to the military’s brutality … We do not want to lose any more children.”..."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-07
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Anti-coup protesters, Anti-coup campaigns, Spring Revolution, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Political prisoners and other violations in Burma - reports, Freedom of opinion and expression: - the situation in Burma/Myanmar - reports, analyses, recommendations, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Local URL:
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Summary:
"This regular humanitarian update, covering the period from 20 January to 24 February, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UNHCR. The next...
Description:
"This regular humanitarian update, covering the period from 20 January to 24 February, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UNHCR. The next update will be issued towards the end of March 2021.....HIGHLIGHTS: The UN Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator in Myanmar reaffirms the commitment of the UN and its partners to stay and deliver humanitarian assistance and protection services and calls for donor support for the 2021 Humanitarian Response Plan, which seeks US$276.5 million to respond to the needs of 945,000 people.
Humanitarian response efforts are affected by operational challenges resulting from the recent developments, such as cash shortages and concerns for staff safety and security.
In northern Shan, around 2,300 people were newly displaced in Kyaukme,
Namtu and Hsipaw townships in February due to armed clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) or between EAOs. Another 1,000 people remain displaced in Kyaukme in northern Shan since January.
In Lashio and Laukkaing townships in northern Shan, nine people were reportedly killed and eight others, including an unidentified number of children, injured due to armed clashes on 5 February.
Over 5,300 people remain displaced in Kayin State and Bago Region since late December; sporadic clashes continued to be reported between the MAF and the Karen National Union (KNU) throughout February..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, The discussion on humanitarian assistance to Burma, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
200.29 KB
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Summary:
"Highlights: • Artillery shelling and indiscriminate airstrikes by armed forces in Kayin State caused more than 20,000 civilians to flee and hide in forest areas along the Myanmar-Thailand border...
Description:
"Highlights: • Artillery shelling and indiscriminate airstrikes by armed forces in Kayin State caused more than 20,000 civilians to flee and hide in forest areas along the Myanmar-Thailand border.
• New displacements are reported in Kachin State, northern Shan State and Bago region. On a single day.9 April, 82 civilians were killed in Bago region, and tens of thousands of people were displaced.
• Provision of health, education and other critical services continue to be disrupted in many parts of the country.
Protests and a civil disobedience movement (CDM) against the military takeover continue.
• Since the events of 1 February, a significant decline in the number of reported COVID-19 cases and deaths has been observed. COVID-19 vaccination is currently being managed by the de facto authorities without any clear prioritization by age or associated risk factors. Even before, nearly one million people in five states, including 336,000 IDPs, needed humanitarian assistance.
• There are additional needs for areas falling outside of Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) areas, especially in the Yangon, Mandalay and Bago regions..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-05-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Children, Anti-coup protesters, Spring Revolution, Children's rights: reports of violations in Burma against more than one ethnic group, Children's rights: resources and organisations, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, COVID-19 (Coronavirus), 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
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Summary:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments in conflict-affected areas from 26 March to 23 April, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group...
Description:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments in conflict-affected areas from 26 March to 23 April, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UNHCR. The next update will be issued towards the end of May 2021.....HIGHLIGHTS: In south-eastern Myanmar, an estimated 40,000 people have been displaced due to insecurity, armed clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), and indiscriminate attacks by the MAF on civilian areas.
In Kachin State, around 5,800 people have been displaced since armed confrontation between the MAF and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) resurged in early March; about 5,000 remain displaced.
In northern Shan, the volatile security situation and clashes, mostly involving Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs), have caused the displacement of about 11,000 people since January.
In Rakhine and Chin states, casualties due to landmines and Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) are on the rise, with 11 civilians, including 9 children killed or injured in April.
Humanitarian assistance and protection services in conflict-affected areas continue despite the impact of the political crisis on operations and pre-existing access challenges. The escalation of violence in parts of Myanmar increases threats to the safety of humanitarian operations and compounds existing access challenges.
The 2021 Humanitarian Response Plan, which seeks US$276.5 million to assist around 1 million people in conflict-affected areas, remains severely underfunded, with only 12 per cent of requirements covered so far – FTS.....KEY FIGURES: 40K people displaced in the South-east since December 2020
11K people displaced in northern Shan since January 2021
5.8K people displaced in Kachin State since mid-March 2021
11 civilian casualties due to explosive hazards in Rakhine and Chin states in April.....SITUATION OVERVIEW
SURGE IN DISPLACEMENT IN THE SOUTH-EAST: Armed conflict in the south-eastern parts of Myanmar continues to intensify between the MAF and the KNLA, an armed wing of the Karen National Union, resulting in further internal displacement and civilian casualties, mostly in Kayin State and Bago Region. The clashes, which erupted in early December 2020, had internally displaced around 7,100 people by mid-March, mostly in Hpapun Township in Kayin State, where the displaced families were hiding in the jungles with limited access to services and humanitarian assistance.
The humanitarian situation in the area has worsened since late March, with thousands of people having reportedly fled from their homes in Kayin State after the MAF launched airstrikes, including in civilian areas. The continued hostilities, shelling of civilian areas by the MAF, and increased insecurity reportedly led to the displacement of an estimated 40,000 people throughout south-eastern Myanmar by 20 April, according to data gathered from various sources by UNHCR. Prior to developments on 1 February 2021, Kayin State and Bago Region had hosted about 12,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) in four locations, both in camp-like and out-of-camp settlements, since 2006.
The hostilities in Kayin and Bago between 27 March and 8 April have killed at least 20 civilians and injured more than 25, according to public sources. There have also been reports of a local school destroyed in Dwe Lo Township in Hpapun District of Kayin State, in addition to damage to other civilian property. The details of civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure could not be verified at the time of reporting. Humanitarian interventions remain constrained due to severe and longstanding access challenges, compounded by growing insecurity in the area. Nevertheless, operational partners are doing their best to deliver assistance to the newly displaced and those otherwise affected by hostilities. Humanitarian partners are planning to roll out a displacement tracking system and carrying out a stocktaking exercise to assess the capacities of partners in Kayin State. This is to facilitate the efficient prepositioning of emergency supplies among partners to ensure a coordinated response.
NEW DISPLACEMENT IN KACHIN DUE TO RESURGENCE OF CONFLICT: The security situation in Kachin State, which began to deteriorate following the eruption of clashes between the MAF and the KIA in early March, remains volatile. Armed confrontations between the MAF and the KIA were reported in at least 12 townships, including Bhamo, Hpakant, Injayang, Kamaing, Mogaung, Momauk, Myitkyina, Putao, Shwegu, Sumprabum, Tanai and Waingmaw, ranging from local skirmishes, to attacks on convoys, airstrikes, artillery and mortar shelling. Hardly any clashes had not been reported in Kachin State since September 2018.
The conflict led to the displacement of over 5,800 people since early March 2021. Around 800 people returned to their places of origin within a few days, while about 5,000 remain displaced across several townships. Some 4,800 people are currently hosted in churches, monasteries and displacement sites in Injanyang, Momauk and Shwegu townships. The remaining IDPs are dispersed in small numbers across Dawthponeyan and Hpakant townships. Attempts are being made to reach the affected communities with assistance; however, insecurity and other access constraints make it difficult for partners to scale up the efforts to address needs, which include emergency shelter, food, basic household items and healthcare. The new displacement comes on top of protracted internal displacement in Kachin State, where about 95,000 people have been living in IDP camps established in 2011.
In addition to increased humanitarian needs and population movement, the ongoing insecurity is raising serious protection concerns, with reports of increased conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) perpetrated against women and girls. Reported incidents included brutal and systematic CRSV committed by multiple perpetrators and most of these violations were perpetrated against women and girls of ethnic minority groups.
POPULATION MOVEMENT IN NORTHERN SHAN: Clashes between the MAF and EAOs or between EAOs in northern Shan continued unabated in the first quarter of 2021 and escalated in March. The Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army (RCSS/SSA) and the allied forces of the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) and the Shan State Progress Party/Shan State Army (SSPP/SSA) engaged in armed confrontations in Hsipaw, Kyaukme, Monghsu and Namtu townships. There were also clashes, albeit with less intensity and frequency between the MAF and the KIA in Lashio, Kutkai and Muse townships, between the MAF and the TNLA in Kutkai and Namhkan townships, and between the MAF and the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army in Hseni and Kutkai townships.
Clashes between January and April displaced close to 11,000 people in Hsipaw, Kyaukme, Lashio, Namtu, Namhkan, Monghsu and Muse townships. Displacement generally remains temporary; over 6,000 people returned to their places of origin within a few days. The remaining 4,770 people are currently hosted in churches, monasteries and displacement sites, with Kyaukme and Namtu townships hosting around 1,650 and 1,340 IDPs respectively. Local humanitarian partners and host communities are providing life-saving assistance and protection services, although as with other states and regions, operational challenges, including due to pre-existing access constraints and insecurity, continue to hinder their abilities to scale up.
The conflict dynamics and their humanitarian impact in northern Shan so far in 2021 demonstrate an upward trend compared to the same period in 2020, when there were only a few brief armed skirmishes between the EAOs that temporary displaced some 720 people. In addition to the most recent displacements, about 9,800 IDPs continue to reside in protracted displacement camps in northern Shan established since 2011.
EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS A THREAT IN RAKHINE AND CHIN: Despite the absence of hostilities in Rakhine and southern areas of Chin states since November 2020, the physical wellbeing of civilians remains threatened by the presence of landmines and ERWs. In April, a total of 11 civilians were killed or injured by landmines and ERWs, mostly in Rakhine. In Kyauktaw Township in Rakhine State on 4 April, the explosion of an ERW killed a mother and her two children and injured another child. Another explosion reportedly injured six children under 16 years old near Taung Ywar Village in Buthidaung Township on 8 April. A landmine incident was also reported in Paletwa Township in Chin State on 15 April, in which one civilian sustained injuries.
Meanwhile, there are reports that the MAF is demining villages and roads across several townships in Rakhine, tied with efforts to encourage people displaced by the MAF-Arakan Army (AA) conflict to return to their places of origin. However, many IDPs remain unwilling to return due to the continued presence of armed personnel around their villages, concerns about landmines, and the lack of livelihood opportunities. As of 21 April, more than 78,000 people displaced by the MAF-AA conflict were hosted in 146 sites and 5,038 people in 28 host communities in Rakhine State. Another 9,841 IDPs remained in 27 sites in Chin State, as of 21 January. This is in addition to around 126,000 IDPs, mostly stateless persons, who are hosted in protracted camps established in 2012..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of entry/update:
2021-04-30
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UN human rights documents on Myanmar, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Freedom of opinion and expression: - the situation in Burma/Myanmar - reports, analyses, recommendations, Humanitarian assistance - emergencies
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Sub-title:
A snapshot of the situation of children in Myanmar
Description:
"This profile provides a snapshot of the situation of children in Myanmar, using available data from reports that are nationally and regionally representative, for both Union and State/Region levels. The major sources are the Intercensal Survey (2019), the Myanmar Living Conditions Survey (2017), Demographic Health Survey (2015-16), and Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014).
While Myanmar has achieved improvements in education, health, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, and protection of children and communities, there are still children who are still left behind, requiring our obligations to fulfill their rights..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2021-04-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Children, Children's Rights - studies, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.81 MB
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Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2021-04-21
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, 2021 Burma/Myanmar coup d'état
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
193.09 KB
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Sub-title:
The reopening of private schools would be decided by the township committees in charge of COVID-19 prevention, the head of an education group said.
Description:
"U Twal, chair of the Myanmar Private Teachers Federation, said the regulation was agreed at a meeting with the parliament Education Enhancement Committee. U Aung Phyo Thu, founder of Yar Pyae private school in Pyinmana township in Nay Pyi Taw, “We are ready to abide by the social distancing rule. If our school is not allowed to reopen, it may result in fewer students passing the matriculation examinations, especially those from low-income families.”
Private schools in Pantanaw township in Ayeyarwady Region have been permitted to reopen by the township COVID-19 committee, but private schools in Pyinmana are still awaiting their township committee’s decision.
U Nay Win Khaing, chair of the Myanmar Teachers Federation in Pyinmana, said if Nay Pyi Taw rejected the schools’ request to reopen, it could lead to the growth of unofficial schools and financial problems for teachers. The government has set the reopening of schools for July 21, starting with high schools, and followed by primary and middle schools two weeks later..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-26
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Sub-title:
The Ministry of Education will allow private schools to add classrooms so they can comply with the government’s guidelines on social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Description:
"The ministry has scheduled schools to start on July 21, beginning with high schools and followed by primary and middle schools two weeks later.
U Nay Oke, chair of the Myanmar Private Schools Federation, said private schools need more classrooms to ensure that students stay at least six feet away from each other. According to law, only rooms registered with the ministry are allowed to be used as classrooms, so private schools sought permission to add more classrooms.
“The minister approved our proposal to use other buildings on the same street or adjacent to the schools as classrooms,” U Nay Oke said. However, the ministry has not yet decided whether to allow private boarding schools to reopen in July, he said.
U Nay Oke said private schools have to comply with more rules to reopen than government schools, so he called on education officials to impose the same rules for both.
The rules for private schools require listing the travel history of students and their family members in the past month, the address of each student, and the people with whom they have had contact.
It also urged the ministry to allow schools to use online teaching as well as classroom teaching. Some private schools have been teaching their students online since May.
But State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has rejected online teaching, saying Myanmar is not ready for it because it lacks the necessary infrastructure.
“Some students in those countries oppose learning online,” she said in an online meeting with education officials and parents on May 19.
She said education is not just about passing examinations, but also about socialising and teamwork, which only classroom learning can provide..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-11
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Sub-title:
Pa-O children in southern Shan State have to travel far from the highlands they call home if they want a better education.
Description:
"THEY WERE like children anywhere on their first day at a new school; there were smiles, apprehension and a few tears.
However, for these children, the comfort of home was far away. They were ethnic Pa-O who had travelled hundreds of kilometres from southern Shan State to live and study at a Yangon monastery where they would receive a better education than in their villages.
Pa-O children who come to Yangon for a better education face many challenges. One of the biggest is learning Burmese.
Nan Nge Yan, 12, from Khanwae village, Pinlaung Township, said she had a difficult time when she first attended school in Yangon two years ago.
Support independent journalism in Myanmar. Sign up to be a Frontier member.
“We can’t speak Burmese and at first we didn’t have textbooks. When the teacher asked questions, we had no idea what the answer was. It took two months for the teacher to realise we didn’t have any books,” Nge Yan said. She learned Burmese from other Pa-O children at the Shan Gyi Taw Ya monastery in Yangon’s outer eastern Thanlyin Township.
For the past 20 years, the monastery has been helping to give children from minority groups, mainly Pa-O, a better education than they could receive in their villages. They are given a basic education and only return home during the summer holidays.
The parents of most of the children donate up to K100,000 a year for their education, but some from poor families do not have to pay.
The monastery accepted 45 children this year, down from 80 in 2017, when some absconded because of the language barrier..."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-06
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Educational resources and materials (Burma- and non-Burma-related)
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
" A Myanmar court has sentenced a doctor to 21 months in jail after convicting him of insulting Buddhist monks in connection with a debate about a proposal to teach sex education in schools.
Kyaw Win Thant, 31, was arrested in May after angry scenes at a monastery in the central city of Meiktila, where he apologised to monks for deriding them in Facebook posts, a senior monk said at the time.
A court in the city of Mandalay sentenced him under sections of the Penal Code that outlaw insulting religion, a spokesman told reporters on Tuesday.
“He feels regretful and admitted his crime so the court gave this decision,” said court spokesman Kyaw Myo Win, according to video footage published by the Irrawaddy news outlet.
Kyaw Myo Win declined to comment when contacted by Reuters. He told media Kyaw Win Thant did not have a lawyer and he was not available for comment on Thursday.
Kyaw Win Thant’s Facebook posts were in response to comments posted by numerous other monks denouncing a government proposal to teach sex education at school, the senior monk said earlier.
The posts have been deleted and could not be verified by Reuters.
A senior official from Mandalay district religious affairs department confirmed the sentence.
“We filed the lawsuit because he violated the law,” the official, who declined to be identified, told Reuters..."
Source/publisher:
"Reuters" (UK)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-06
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Inter-Communal violence and discrimination - Myanmar - General articles and analysis
Language:
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
Nearly 2500 students have volunteered at schools all around Myanmar to assist teachers during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Description:
"A total of 2488 students from 25 education colleges and two universities of education across the country will send in their names to volunteer in the basic education schools, said Ko Ye Yint Aung, president of the students union of Thingangyun Education College.
“More than 2000 teachers are needed every year. More teachers are needed to fill in the vacant positions which are left by the retirees. Normally the teachers are busy with teaching, so we want to share some responsibilities like taking temperatures,” he said.
After the COVID-19 outbreak, the Ministry of Education has temporarily stopped offering of postings for education college and university graduates.
So, the students requested the education ministry to offer their postings first as it is only months away, said some students who are waiting for their postings to be offered and are teaching in the government schools for free.
The students volunteered to teach as their colleges and universities are closed, they will have to go back when these institutions reopen, said Ko Ye Yint Aung..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-05
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Sub-title:
The Ministry of Education is having problems getting schools ready to reopen because some are being used as COVID-19 quarantine facilities or temporary shelters for villagers fleeing fighting between the Arakan Army (AA) and Tatmadaw (military).
Description:
"In Shan State, 13 basic education schools serving as quarantine centres have still not been returned to the authorities, said U Win Maung, Shan State’s education officer.
He said the schools are being used to quarantine migrant workers who have returned from China or Thailand. “It’s the government’s responsibility to arrange for suitable alternative quarantine sites,” he said. “Township education officers will inform them about it on June 15. There should not be any delay.”
U Sai Phoe Phyat, a state legislator for Muse, said schools in his township are being used as quarantine facilities. In Rakhine State, which has only one confirmed COVID-19 case, several schools are being used as temporary shelters for villagers displaced by fighting between the AA and Tatmadaw.
Most of the 7000 displaced villagers in Kyauktaw township are staying in nine schools, said U Maung Than Sein, a Pyithu Hluttaw (Lower House) MP for Kyauktaw. “We can’t just tell them to move,” he said. “The authorities should find them suitable accommodation elsewhere.”
On May 26, the government announced that high school classes would resume first, followed by primary and middle schools two weeks later.
But there is a strong possibility that some schools in Rakhine would not be able to reopen due to the fighting.
On May 13, the Union Government Office ordered the return of 6021 school buildings being used as quarantine centres or temporary refugee camps by June 15 so that the Ministry of Education could prepare them for the reopening of classes..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-05
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first), Armed conflict in Rakhine (Arakan) State
Language:
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
Nationalists including Buddhist monks have objected government’s plan to introduce sex education to school syllabus
Description:
"A Myanmar doctor Tuesday was found guilty of insulting religion for his criticism of conservative monks over a proposal to include sex education in the school syllabus.
A 31-year-old physician, Kyaw Win Thant was arrested in Myanmar’s central town of Meikhtila on May 21 after he shared several posts on Facebook criticizing Buddhist monks who oppose the plan to teach sex education in schools.
Then he was sent to the city of Mandalay from Meikhtila for security reasons.
A court in Mandalay ordered prison term for Win Thant, who is himself a Buddhist, on charges of insulting Buddhist religion.
“He was given a one year and nine months jail imprisonment today,” said Ko Ko Aung, an official from Religious Affairs Office in Meikhtila.
Win Thant apologized senior monks in the town on May 21 before he was charged under section 294 and 295 of the country’s Penal Code that prohibits insulting a person’s religion and carries a jail sentence up to two years.
In one of his Facebook posts, he said monks are strong and healthy, but just live off others without working.
“Buddhist monks who complain about the curriculum have no idea about sex education, but do all the same things that laypeople do such as betting and watching porn movies,” he wrote on Facebook on May 19.
Nationalists including Buddhist monks objected to a government plan to introduce sex education to the school syllabus for the upcoming academic year that is scheduled to start on July 15.
The issue recently went viral on Facebook, the most popular social media platform in Myanmar, becoming a hot debate among users.
The Education Ministry recently announced that it has been reviewing the sex education curriculum following the complaints..."
Source/publisher:
"Anadolu Agency" (Ankara)
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Inter-Communal violence and discrimination - Myanmar - General articles and analysis
Language:
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
High schools will be the first to go back followed by middle and primary schools if all goes well, says education official
Description:
"Public schools across Myanmar will begin the new academic year with strict social distancing starting in late July, nearly two months later than usual, an education ministry official said on Thursday.
Myanmar’s 40,000 public schools accommodate nearly 9m students and over 400,000 teachers, according to official figures.
The outbreak of Covid-19 did not disrupt classes because when the government banned large gatherings in mid-March, exams were already over.
Myanmar’s academic year ends in late February and schools are usually closed from March until a new term begins in the first week of June.
The government will open high schools first on July 21, and middle schools two weeks later. Primary schools are then set to open a week after that if everything goes smoothly, said Tin Maung Win, deputy director general of the Department of Basic Education.
His department was given the school reopening dates by Myanmar’s national anti-Covid-19 committee, led by State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi.
And social distancing guidelines for students and teachers will be announced soon, the official said. Some big schools will split students into two groups that will alternate their classes every other week..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Now" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-31
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"Schools in Myanmar will reopen in July, beginning with basic education high schools on July 21, followed by primary and middle schools two weeks later.
The Department of Basic Education said this would include private and monastic schools.
The Private School Teachers' Association said schools would need to strictly follow instructions from the ministry and relevant agencies.
According to reports in Myanmar Times, previously, the Education Ministry had planned to reopen primary schools first but decided against doing so after the public expressed concerns.
During a video conference on May 12, state Aung San Suu Kyi said schools must reopen as soon as possible but with the necessary changes to comply with Covid-19 regulations.
"Schools have to reopen. It won't be easy if we wait to reopen schools only after the disease is controlled," she told officials.
She said while some developed countries had begun implementing online learning programmes, Myanmar was not ready to adopt these measures.
Following this, an announcement for schools to reopen was issued by the Central Committee on Prevention, Control and Treatment on Covid-19.
Detailed rules on how to reopen have been issued. The guidelines include maintaining a minimum 1.8m social distance.
Private schools have expressed difficulties regarding class spaces. They suggested allowing them to teach in the expanded classes instead of inside the classroom with a glass divider..."
Source/publisher:
"New Straits Times" (Malaysia)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-28
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"A Myanmar doctor who criticised conservative Buddhist monks has been charged with insulting religion, officials said on Thursday, as a debate heats up over a proposal to teach sex education at school.
Kyaw Win Thant, 31, was arrested on Tuesday after angry scenes at a monastery in the central city of Meiktila, where he apologised to monks for deriding them in Facebook posts. His attacks stemmed from comments posted by numerous other monks denouncing the government’s proposal.
Footage shared widely on social media showed hundreds of people who had come to the monastery denouncing Kyaw Win Thant and chanting “arrest him, or kill us”.
Several sources, including two officials from the Ministry of Religion, confirmed on Thursday that Kyaw Win Thant had been charged with insulting a religion or religious beliefs. He faces up to two years in prison if found guilty.
His Facebook posts, which have since been deleted and could not be verified by Reuters, used language deemed offensive to monks and questioned whether they were in a position to pass judgement on sex education.
The issue has been a hot topic on social media but remains taboo in the conservative, mainly Buddhist country where monks have long been an influential source of moral guidance..."
Source/publisher:
"Reuters" (UK)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-23
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"The Myanmar government has been planning to reopen basic education schools in the middle of July, an official from the Education Ministry said on Thursday evening.
Myanmar's academic year starts in June after three-month summer holidays from March to June, but this year's term will start a month later.
"We have some concerns over COVID-19, on the other hand we need to prepare not to affect children's education, and participation of parents are much needed," Tin Maung Win, deputy director-general of Basic Education Department under the ministry, told an online press conference.
In cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Sports, the Ministry of Education has been carrying out preventive measures against COVID-19 at basic education schools and parents are asked to help their children cope with epidemic preventive measures at home, he said.
At present, there are over 48,000 basic education schools across the country and some are being used as quarantine facilities.
As of Thursday, Myanmar has reported a total of 199 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with six deaths, according to latest figures released by the Health and Sports Ministry...."
Source/publisher:
"Xinhua" (China)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-22
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Sub-title:
The government ordered all schools used as quarantine facilities to be closed and returned to the Ministry of Education no later than June 16, in preparation for the beginning of the school year.
Description:
"The Union Government Office said the 6021 schools now used as quarantine facilities need to be disinfected before classes start in July.
"According to the letter, the schools will reopen on July 15,” said U Maung Win, deputy director of the Basic Education Department. “They might have given this instruction to get ready." On May 12, State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said that schools cannot be closed permanently due to COVID-19. She also opposed internet-based teaching, saying that even in developed countries, online schools have a lot of problems. She ordered education officials to follow the COVID-19 prevention measures issued by the Health Ministry.
She urged education officials to also address overcrowding in schools, noting that students must maintain social distancing..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-18
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"The Myanmar government is preparing to reopen basic education schools in July and will release exam results before schools reopen, Basic Education Department Director-General U Ko Lay Win told The Irrawaddy.
In Myanmar, the academic year usually starts in June and ends in March, with schools closing for summer holidays from March to June, and exam results are normally released in mid-April. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, the government decided to postpone the start of the school year until July.
All basic education schools from the primary to secondary level will open in July but they will open in phases, rather than simultaneously, U Ko Lay Win said.
“Schools will reopen in the third week of July at the latest. The Education Ministry is doing its best to ensure a safe environment for the children,” said U Ko Lay Win.
The ministry will provide free face shields and masks for students and teachers and will provide digital thermometers to schools for temperature screenings. It will also arrange washbasins in schools, apply safe distancing measures in classrooms and take other preventative measures such as creating separate morning and evening sessions for schools with large numbers of students..."
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" (Thailand)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-15
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"Since the opening up of the country in 2011, young people in Myanmar have enjoyed the benefits of improved access to education and technology. They have what previous generations lacked: the opportunity to participate in transforming the political landscape of their country after decades of military rule. The reality is, however, that youth are growing up in Myanmar that is extremely diverse and vulnerable to the fragilities borne out of pre-transition era regimes. This is the root of an “us and them” narrative that has been simmering and trickling down from generation to generation. Until this changes, the process of building sustainable peace in Myanmar will be far from complete.
This narrative, which highlights a predisposition to conflict and ethnic/religious divides, is also reflected in classrooms around the country. Classrooms are microcosms of societies/communities where an “us” and “them” mentality can be experienced through the curriculum and the delivery of the curriculum. As a result of the narratives channelled via their classrooms or their social communities, young people are struggling to understand the tensions, contradictions, fears, doubts, and consequently, their own unfulfilled dreams. The goal of sustainable peace is grounded in a shared sense of unity/goals. In the case of Myanmar, ‘peace’ is highly intertwined with differing narratives for what ‘unity’ means because of how entrenched conflict and ethnicity are.
Our research study sheds light on classroom microcosms where there is a shared sense of unity, regardless of the diversity in trainer and trainee socio-economic backgrounds. These are classrooms where young people are provided civic-oriented education so that they will be able to evaluate the predefined “us and them” scenarios, and develop ways they can transform this into nationwide unity. Our research also explores who the educators using these methods in each microcosm are in Myanmar, and to what degree they employ the approach of developing civic skills, such as active listening, problem-solving and reflecting, in order to facilitate conflict transformation. What has been revealed in this study is a pedagogy that ‘advances dignity, rights, and well-being for all at local, national and global levels’ (Thabyay Education Foundation, 2017) in the non-state classroom. In turn, this revelation sheds light on the opportunities that exist for the state school classroom in the midst of education reform..."
Source/publisher:
"Teacircleoxford" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-10
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
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Sub-title:
Schools in Myanmar will re-open in June only if the COVID-19 situation in the country could be mitigated in May, said an official from the education ministry.
Description:
"Basic education schools had planned to re-open on June 1 after the Thingyan Holiday but only if the virus situation returns to normalcy next month, said U Ko Law Win, director general of the Basic Education Department.
The re-opening date could be postponed if the situation becomes more challenging.
The decision on whether schools re-open or not is not solely decided by the Ministry of Education but by senior state officials, said U Ko Law Min. We’ll re-open the schools if the situation becomes normal. If not, we will have to move to a later date. We can’t say exactly when yet. We’ll re-open the schools when we can get the situation under control. No one can say exactly if the situation will allow us to re-open in June, he said.
As of 1pm on April 29, there are a total of 150 COVID-19 positive cases in Myanmar including six deaths and 16 recoveries..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-05-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"I remember arriving in Yangon in January 2017, fresh-faced and full of excitement about what would lie ahead. I know that starting a new venture in Myanmar (ranked #165 in the World Bank’s “Ease of Doing Business” survey) would not be easy. Like many graduates from Hong Kong, I have always taught English as a part-time job since my university days, so quite naturally education was the first choice for our business. But after many late nights and power cuts, early mornings and tea salads, our dream of creating a vibrant international English center came to fruition. Hysan Education was born. I realised that the so-called “quality” English schools in Yangon were all rather expensive. As our brand was born in a local café, where my business partner Moe Thitsa and I first considered our options, we decided to offer courses that were still quality – but more affordable. By looking at ways to minimise costs, we came up with a school model that allowed for quality and interactive classes, all the while charging fees that most aspiring young Myanmar students could afford. We started by renting a venue in an international school and offering free lessons, which soon turned into actual paid classes..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-04-27
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Educational resources and materials (Burma- and non-Burma-related)
Language:
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Description:
"The Bangladesh government has announced it will offer schooling and skills training opportunities to Rohingya refugee children, two and a half years after they were forced to flee crimes against humanity in Myanmar.
Amnesty International and other human rights organizations have been campaigning for the nearly half a million Rohingya children in Bangladesh’s refugee camps to be allowed to enjoy their right to quality education, warning of the costs of a ‘lost generation’.
“This is an important and very positive commitment by the Bangladeshi government, allowing children to access schooling and chase their dreams for the future. They have lost two academic years already and cannot afford to lose any more time outside a classroom,” said Saad Hammadi, South Asia Campaigner at Amnesty International.
“It is important that access to appropriate, accredited and quality education be extended to all children in the Cox’s Bazar area, including Rohingya refugees and the host community. The international community has a key role to play here in ensuring the Bangladesh government has the resources it needs to realize this goal.”
Up to now, the Bangladesh government had resisted calls to grant Rohingya refugee children access to education, limiting learning opportunities to a few provisional learning centres that offer playtime and early primary school lessons scattered across the refugee camps in the Cox’s Bazar district. A few children who managed to gain access to local secondary schools were expelled on the government’s instructions..."
Source/publisher:
"Amnesty International" (UK)
Date of entry/update:
2020-02-02
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first), Children, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Burmese refugees in Bangladesh, Education and training of migrants and refugees from Burma
Language:
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
Members of the Myanmar Teachers Federation skipped a two-day education conference in Nay Pyi Taw on Tuesday to protest against a plan to extend the school year.
Description:
"U Zaw Myo Hlaing, the federation’s secretary, said the annual Basic Education Exchange that started Tuesday in the nation’s capital would not bring about any significant changes in education. “We decided not to attend as the Ministry of Education has not agreed to abandon the plan to extend the school year by one month,” he said. “We heard the event was just for people to present academic papers.”
The teachers say that extending the school year to the end of March would be too much of a burden on them and students’ parents. U Ko Lay Win, director general of Basic Education Department, confirmed that Tuesday’s event was aimed at giving academics a chance to present their findings on changes in the education system this year.
He said that if one of the papers presented was about the school-year extension, then the teachers could discuss the issue.
He added that the academic exchange on basic education was aimed at carrying out education reform and developing work programmes. Eleven papers were submitted at the exchange last year..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-02-02
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Sub-title:
The government will revise curriculums for three levels for the academic year 2020-21 to keep education programmes in line with international standards, a senior Education Ministry official said.
Description:
"U Tun Maung Win, deputy director general of the Department of Basic Education, said the curriculums for Grade 4, Grade 7 and Grade 10 will be revised simultaneously. “In other countries, they change the curriculum for one level of education per year. Myanmar’s education system is left behind compared with the international community and so we need to change for three levels in one year,” he said on Tuesday.
The education official said teachers will be provided training during the summer holidays to get acquainted with the new syllabus. All primary, middle and high school teachers will have to get consecutive trainings for the new curriculums in the next summer,” he said.
U Tun Maung Win said the teachers need to be qualified and disciplined in implementing the new curriculums. “The strength of teachers is crucial for the education of the country. The quality of education will improve only if the teachers are qualified,” he said.
He said the Ministry of Education is making preparations for the new textbooks to be issued in time, and urged the parents to get familiar with the new education system in order to help their children.
Meanwhile, U Ko Lay Win, director general at Basic Education Department , said teachers were directed to conduct review classes to their students when all classes are closed during the examinations of Grade 5 and Grade 9..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-10
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"ကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ်-ကီၢ်ပယီၤကီၢ်ဆၢမဲၢ်လးဘၣ်ကီဘၣ်ခဲဒဲက၀ီၤအပူၤ ကၠိသရၣ်ႇသရၣ်မုၣ် ဒီး တၢ်ကူၣ်ဘၣ်ကူၣ်သ့ ၦၤဘၣ်မူဘၣ်ဒါတဖၣ် လဲၤဃုသ့ၣ်ညါ၀ဲ ကီၢ်ပူၤတၢ်ကူၣ်ဘၣ်ကူၣ်သ့အတၢ်အိၣ်သး အတၢ်ရဲၣ်တၢ်ကျဲၤတခါဖဲလါဒံၣ်စ့ဘၢၣ် ၉ သီတုၤ ၁၁ သီန့ၣ်သ့ၣ်ညါဘၣ်လီၤႉ
ဘၣ်ကီဘၣ်ခဲဒဲက၀ီၤပူၤ ဖိဒံဖိသၣ်တဖၣ်မ့ၢ်က့ၤ၀ဲဒၣ်လၢအ၀ဲသ့ၣ်အတၢ်လီၢ်တၢ်ကျဲကီၢ်ပယီၤအပူၤန့ၣ် လၢအ၀ဲသ့ၣ် တၢ်ကူၣ်ဘၣ်ကူၣ်သ့အဂီၢ် ဒ်သိးအိၣ်ကတဲာ်ကတီၤထီၣ်သးကသ့အဂီၢ်ႇဒ်သိးကသ့ၣ်ညါဘၣ်ကီၢ်ပူၤ တၢ်သိၣ်လိ တၢ်ကူၣ်ဘၣ်ကူၣ်သ့အကျိၤအကျဲတၢ်အိၣ်သးအဂီၢ် ဟဲဃုသ့ၣ်ညါတၢ်လီၤအဂ့ၢ်န့ၣ်ၦၤလၢအတီခိၣ်ရိၣ်မဲရဲၣ်ကျဲၤတၢ် လၢအမ့ၢ် စီၤခဲလၢာ် စံး၀ဲဒ်အံၤလီၤႉ..."
Source/publisher:
KIC (Karen Information Center)
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-06
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
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Description:
"Today, Myanmar launched the country’s first-ever Alternative Education Subsector [Policy] Framework that will guide the design and implementation of alternative education initiatives for out-of-school children.
In his opening address Deputy Minister, U Win Maw Tun, said, “This strategy is in line with the Ministry of Education’s policy of ‘leaving no child behind’ and will also help the nation achieve its goals under the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan (MSDP) and the National Education Strategic Plan (2016-2021).” The framework builds on initiatives implemented over the past three years. So far, the country has over 17,000 non-formal primary and non-formal middle education learners as well more than 50,000 adult literacy learners.
The new alternative education initiatives outlined in the framework are aimed at children and youth who have experienced difficulty accessing formal education, including children and youth living in remote areas; children and youth in conflict- and disaster-affected areas; children and youth on the move; and children and youth with disabilities and chronic health problems.
“While steady progress has been made in school enrolment, it is estimated that there are still over 2 million children out of school in Myanmar, with significant disparities between states and regions,” said Paul Edwards, UNICEF Deputy Representative to Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
UNICEF (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2019-11-24
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"A high-level government ceremony in Sittwe, Rakhine State, marked the end of the Building on Quality Basic Education Programme (BoQBEP), which has benefitted over one million children nationwide, reaching some for the first time. The programme was led by the Ministry of Education with the support of the European Union (EU), Denmark and UNICEF.
The BoQBEP programme, which began in 2016, supported the Government of Myanmar to improve access to quality learning for disadvantaged children. A major achievement included the launch of the national Education Strategic Plan to guide the national framework for quality and inclusive education for all children in Myanmar. Direct support to children included providing kindergarten play materials such as books, puzzles and clay to all 70,000 kindergarten classes nationwide.
Since July 2017, BoQBEP increasingly focused on children in Rakhine State, supporting inclusive education for all children, irrespective of religion, ethnicity, race, gender or citizenship status in line with the recommendations of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2019-11-06
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
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Sub-title:
Six years ago, when private schools were first allowed in Myanmar, Daw Khin Hnin Soe, co-founder of the Myanmar Metropolitan College (MMC), got the idea to bring international higher education to the country.
Description:
"“The countries that are now ahead of Myanmar in education once used the international system,” she said.
Today, only private schools in Myanmar offer students international teaching methods. The education that is available to most Myanmar people totally differs from the international standard.
Myanmar’s average working class and middle class family can’t afford private schools, which cost K5 million to K10 million a year.
The average family needs scholarships offered by schools, work-study programmes, and student loans linked with banks to afford a quality education.
The free education system has prescribed criteria, she said. Seventy percent of students take advantage of education loans from banks with a variety of interest rates to finance their studies, she said.
Students at private schools have to apply for scholarships, study grants and study loans to access a quality education, as there are limits for their spending. Because of this, education institutions need to provide support, Daw Khin Hnin Soe said.
Scholarships that pay 30pc to 50pc of tuition costs can be applied for at Myanmar Metropolitan College, she said..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-31
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Adult Education, Theory and practice of education - global (profiles and books)
Language:
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
Tourists visit monastic schools to donate stationery
Description:
"Some tourists take time out of their busy schedule to visit a monastic school, even if the visit is not a part of the itinerary. They ask us to take them there,” U Tun Myat, a tour guide who has been working in the tourism industry for more than 20 years, said.
Monastic schools are a symbol of ancient education in Myanmar. It’s been an age-old tradition. As a Buddhist country, and as an expression of how children of Buddha work for the betterment of society in the country, some tour agents put visiting monastic schools on their schedules as a tourist activity.
“The tourists donate stationery for the children. They spend time with them,” he said.
Before modern schooling education in Myanmar often took place in monastic settings, dating back to the ancient kings. One notable student was king Thibaw himself, the last vestige of royalty from the Kongbaung dynasty. He studied at a monastic school in Mandalay.
Decades passed. The age-old tradition is still alive across the country, mostly for impoverished people. Monastic schools run by monks and nuns have been of vital importance in educating disadvantaged children.
In Sagaing and Nyaung U, where many old monastic schools have survived, sites are frequently visited by tourists. Some monastic schools educate ethnic children coming from unstable states such as Shan and Kachin. Their parents think monasteries and convents are safer places to send their children, said U Tun Myat.
Some girls and boys come from one-parent families. They were sent there when a father or mother died, and the surviving parent cannot take care of them..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-27
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Educational resources and materials (Burma- and non-Burma-related), Society and Culture, Burma/Myanmar - general studies
Language:
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Description:
"Junior politicians in Myanmar must navigate a rapidly changing political landscape. The establishment of the 2008 constitution has transformed the country’s form of government and left its mark on the nation’s core institutions, its civil society, and its media, as well as on the way these entities interact. Myanmar’s politicians have to address old challenges while coming up with solutions for new issues as they arise. This is a demanding task.
The Political Education Programme for Junior Politicians (PEJP) is directed at young leaders who are engaged in party politics and wish to pursue a career as a politician or civil servant. The programme aims to introduce participants to new ways of thinking about key political ideas and practices while acquainting them with the skills necessary for a political career. The five-day intensive workshop will be held in Yangon from 5 to 9 November. It will engage participants on the topics of political institutions, campaigning tools, constituent relations, media analysis, and good governance.
Participants are also invited to attend an academic conference on political parties in Myanmar, to be held in Yangon on the days following the workshop (10 and 11 November). Here participants will have the chance to learn from accomplished scholars from Myanmar and abroad..."
Source/publisher:
"In cooperation with Initiative Austausch e.V. and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation"
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-18
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory, Politics, Government and Governance - Burma/Myanmar - general studies, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
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Description:
"Myanmar's State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi has stressed the need to produce outstanding experts and technicians to serve the country, according to the Ministry of Education Thursday.
Suu Kyi made the remarks when addressing the Conference on Implementing Development of Universities-2019 which began in Nay Pyi Taw Wednesday.
Development of human resources, including the young generation, is a vital need for the country as they will perform state duties in the future, said Suu Kyi, adding that the government is striving for harmonious development of basic and higher education and for promoting the country's education up to the international level.
She maintained that education is a lifelong process and a necessary investment for socio-economic development of the country..."
Source/publisher:
"Xinhua" (China)
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma, By Aung San Suu Kyi (Statements, Speeches, Writings, Interviews)
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"RIDE CHANNEL Feature February 2014 -
Winner of Best Independent and Emerging Film Makers at the International Skateboard Film Festival 2011 -
WATCH THE FOLLOW UP TO ALTERED FOCUS, YOUTH OF YANGON vimeo.com/58578845
(MADE PUBLIC - 9th May 2011) Filmed in the summer of 2009, Altered Focus: Burma follows three film makers and skateboarders as they travel across Yangon and Mandalay. The film explores the reaction to this unseen activity whilst touching on the political situation there..."
Source/publisher:
"Vimeo"
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-17
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Historical research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Society and Culture, Burma/Myanmar - general studies
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"Nwe Ni Win describes the challenges and successes of Myanmar teachers using mobile technologies in their classrooms for the first time. Nwe Ni works as a Programme Assistant for UNESCO's ICT for Education project in Myanmar. Join Nwe Ni as she travels to the schools and supports the teachers on this journey. UNESCO’s ICT for Education project in Myanmar is part of Ericsson’s Connect To Learn initiative and UK Department for International Development’s Girls’ Education Challenge..."
Source/publisher:
"UNESCO"
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-16
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Rural development in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"Sidestepping cowpats and garbage, Myanmar’s only home-grown junior rugby side train on the outskirts of Yangon, preparing to take on children from the city’s well-heeled international schools.
When the Little Dragons aren’t running barefoot on the litter-strewn dirt, the makeshift field on the outskirts of Yangon is sometimes used as a cockfighting ring or a fairground.
But every Sunday, boys and girls aged five to 18 from Yangon’s North Dagon township can be seen playing touch rugby, an incongruous sight in a country where the sport is barely known.
As novice monks file past collecting alms, the players shoo away cantankerous cattle to begin warm-up drills under the tutelage of their coaches, a mix of locals and expatriates.
In the monsoon the training ground is shin-deep in mud, but during the hot season the surface is baked into an unyielding, crusty mosaic. Yet many of the Little Dragons play in bare feet.
Youth worker-turned-coach Aung Kyaw Lin, 24, helped set up the team four years ago to run alongside English and maths lessons, and workshops on fire safety and health.
“Children here used to spend their free time in gaming shops,” he says. “When they started playing rugby, they stopped arguing and worked together.”
Although the organisers ran out of funding to keep their education centre going, the rugby continued.
Few women play sport in conservative Myanmar, yet half of the 40 or so Little Dragons are girls.
Nann Shar Larr He’s older sister used to scold her for wanting to play with the boys, but now most of her family come to watch the training sessions..."
Source/publisher:
Barefoot Little Dragons train on litter-strewn, makeshift pitch on outskirts of Yangon – and surprise well-heeled opponents
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-31
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Children, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
Under the Strengthening Pre-service Teacher Education in Myanmar (STEM) project, a joint visit to Kyaukphyu Education College was held on 13 June 2018. Accompanied by the Deputy Director-General of the Department of Higher Education, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Embassy of Finland in Yangon, UK Department for International Development (DFID) and UNESCO visited Kyaukphyu Education College and its practicing school to conduct an orientation on teacher education reform and the project and to understand issues relating to pre-service teacher education in Kyaukphyu. On 14 June 2018, the group also visited Kyaukphyu Township Education Office, a Basic Education primary school and a Basic Education middle school to gain better understanding of the various teacher issues such as teacher deployment and transfer arrangements, which are useful to feed into further dialogues for teacher policy development that the project is supporting.
Source/publisher:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
Date of publication:
2018-06-21
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-20
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description:
After 50 years of isolation, Myanmar is today transitioning to a market-based economy with a strong potential for inclusive growth. Although the country has already undertaken a series of reforms, high youth unemployment still poses a daunting challenge and young people still lack the essential skills required by many occupational sectors. This is partly due to a weak technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system that is not yet able to respond to the needs articulated by enterprises.
As part of a week-long scoping mission organized by UNESCO and Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Borhene Chakroun, Section Chief of Youth, Literacy and Skills Development at UNESCO HQ, was invited as an expert to join the mission. A number of meetings and field visits were held with different key stakeholders and line Ministries.
This joint UNESCO-GIZ initiative aimed to explore areas of collaboration to support the Department of TVET of the Ministry of Education in developing a conceptual framework for an effective and harmonized quality assurance system for TVET qualifications. Only the acquisition of practical skills relating to various occupations will respond to the short-term and long-term demand for skills, and help achieve the sustainable development objectives of the country.
During the course of this week, GIZ and UNESCO had the opportunity to conduct field visits to different schools and training centers, such as the Government Technical High School Ywama and the Government Technology Institute in Insein, Yangon. Representatives from the Aung Myin Garment Training Center and the Bogard Lingerie Yangon Limited training center were also able to share their insights and perspectives on the demands and needs of the garment sector.
On the last day of the mission, 18 May 2018, a seminar was organized with around 30 participants from the government, educational institutions, the private sector and development agencies, that UNESCO and GIZ experts engaged with during the week on developing a harmonized assistance system for TVET qualifications. The event gave Mr Chakroun the opportunity to share his own international experience in reinforcing quality assurance of TVET, and most of all, after an intensive week share his own observations and recommendations on the range of next steps that can be taken to promote the development of TVET in Myanmar.
This UNESCO-GIZ mission is likely to be the first of a series to be organized during the upcoming year, as part of a collective effort to promote Sustainable Development Goal 8: decent work and economic growth.
Source/publisher:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
Date of publication:
2018-06-12
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-20
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Technical and Vocational Education
Language:
English
Local URL:
more