Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Websites/Multiple Documents
Source/publisher:
Various sources via "BurmaNet News"
Date of entry/update:
2012-04-18
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in refugee camps in Thailand, Education and training of migrants and refugees from Burma, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
15 articles on education in Burma/Myanmar:
"The ?missing million?: Fewer than one in five graduate high school" By Stuart Alan Becker -
"A groundbreaking multi-year education review cites ?lack of interest? as primary reason for dropouts, confirms need for sector reform..."
"The high cost of ?free? ed" By Mya Kay Khine -
"The recently approved decision to offer free high-school education is the last of a three-prong lifting of fees for the country?s roughly 8 million state school students..."
"VOXPOP: What?s ahead for your child?" By Nay Zaw Aung Win. "U Tin Aung, 49, Tarmwe - My son is in the third year of secondary school at MLA International School..."
"University application process to be reformed" By May Thinzar Naing - "Proposed overhaul of the university entrance process will mean less focus on matriculation scores and more on self-directed applications by students..."
"International school fees to rise: What?s driving the price?" By Michelle Schaner -
"The majority of international schools in Yangon expect to hike tuition in the 2015-2016 academic year by an additional 9 percent on average, citing devaluation of the local currency and the high cost of living ? particularly the cost of housing for staff and teachers..."
"Draft law in works for international schools" By Shwe Yee Saw Myint - "Until it passes, however, the legal status of international schools will remain difficult to pin down, despite their rapidly growing numbers..."
"Better skills in a land of entrepreneurs" By Rupin Mahiyaria -
"Peace in Kayin means fewer economic migrants to Thailand ? and more opportunity to educate those at home, writes LIFT?s Rupin Mahiyaria..."
?Living heritage? By Cherry Thein -
"With royal patronage long gone, state support for young artists, dancers and musicians today falls to a handful of arts schools..."
?If we buy a dozen it?s cheaper? By Myat Noe Oo -
"Nothing offsets the sting of a new school year like the promise of new pencils and paper ? not to mention pens, highlighters, soft pens, erasers, liquid correction fluid, notebooks, and, if you?re lucky, maybe a few stickers to decorate your pages too..."
"Pioneering classrooms" By Ewan Cameron -
"With their focus on development and community involvement, non-profit civil-society educators aren?t just filling gaps, writes Ewan Cameron ? they?re rethinking how education should work..."
"For Chin dialects, a long road back to the classroom" By Bill O?Toole -
"Walking around Falam, the former capital of Chin State, a person can expect to hear no less than eight different Chin dialects widely spoken around town..."
"Charting the rise of English tutors" - By Alasdair Macmillan
"The recent history of English tutoring in Yangon started in the 1950s, when Monica Mya Maung, affectionately known as Aunty Monica to those who knew her well, started tutoring Myanmar people to speak English well..."
"Lining up for private schools" By Phyo Wai Kyaw -
"Since their reintroduction three years ago, private schools have been a hit..."
?Completely outdated? By Myo Lwin -
"Clinical psychologist Dr Nyi Win Hman speaks to MT editor Myo Lwin by email from Australia..."
"For those who aspire to study abroad" By San Tun Aung -
"Having earned a university degree at home followed by two abroad ? all three under scholarship ? San Tun Aung offers advice to those looking to make their way in the educational world."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2015-05-18
Date of entry/update:
2015-08-07
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
About 161,000 results (August 2017)
Source/publisher:
Various sources via Youtube
Date of entry/update:
2017-08-20
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
Contents:
1 History
2 Uniform
3 Preschool and kindergarten
4 Primary education
5 Secondary education
6 Tertiary education
7 References
8 External links
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-27
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"A Myanmar Times special feature - January 2010"...Studying Abroad - How to apply and win a place at a prestigious university...Education sector is
flourishing in 2010 - Students enjoy a multitude
of study, learning options...Dubious agents entice
students short of visa...Students voice concerns
about studying in Aus...Garden school sews new hope...Music facilitates learning
where it?s most needed...Pre-schools boom
in Mandalay...Professionals choose MBAs...Manage your
resources...Spanking habits die hard...Where to study and how...Malaysia and Singapore
compete for young brains...Monastic education...Harvard imparts its wisdom...Scholars be [prepared?- line missing]...A strong CV can catapult your career...International students share their [experience? - line missing]
Source/publisher:
"The Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2010-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2011-09-24
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.63 MB
Local URL:
Myanmar_Times-2010-eduaction.pdf-red.pdf
Myanmar_Times-2010-eduaction.pdf-red.pdf more
Description:
''Education helps children to fulfil their potential and is critical to all aspects of socio-economic development. However, it is estimated that over one million children are still out of school in Myanmar due to poverty, geographical remoteness, disability, language, conflict and other barriers.
Myanmar’s Government is leading the process of national education reform. A Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) has been informing new policy and planning, and a National Education Sector Plan (NESP) is being developed to define the strategic directions of the reform process and to guide its implementation.
Education coordination is mainly undertaken through:
The Joint Education Sector Working Group (JESWG), which is the high level mechanism for policy dialogue and coordination of government and development partners in the education sector, chaired by the Ministry of Education and co-chaired by UNICEF and Australia.
The Education Thematic Working Group (ETWG) brings together education stakeholders across the country in an inclusive, neutral space for dialogue on technical issues. Chaired by UNICEF and Save the Children, the ETWG also oversees the coordination of Humanitarian Response for the education sector. The ETWG is supported by the Myanmar Quality Basic Education Programme (QBEP), which is funded by the Multi Donor Education Fund (MDEF) comprising Australia, Denmark, the European Union, Norway and the United Kingdom, and by UNICEF in collaboration with the Government of Myanmar. It has a number of thematic Sub-Working Groups, contact details for which can be found on the MIMU Coordination page:
Disaster Preparedness and Response in Education (Co-Chairs: UNESCO, Plan International)
Early Childhood Care and Development (Co-Chairs: UNICEF, Save the Children)
Education and Disability (Co-Chairs: Myanmar Education Consortium, VSO)
Education in Emergencies (Co-Chairs: UNICEF, Save the Children)
Teacher Education (Co-chairs: UNICEF, British Council)
Education and Language (Co-Chairs: UNICEF, Pyoe Pin)
Non-Formal Education (Co-Chairs: World Education, World Vision)
School Construction (Co-Chairs: Swiss Development Cooperation, World Vision)
A new group on Monastic Education is planned for early 2015...''
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)
Date of publication:
1970-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-07
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
9 links to Myanmar reports and other material, 1999-2013
Source/publisher:
International Institute for Educational Planning
Date of entry/update:
2014-09-28
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
"Education helps children to fulfil their potential and is critical to all aspects of socio-economic development. However, it is estimated that over one million children are still out of school in Myanmar due to poverty, geographical remoteness, disability, language, conflict and other barriers.
Myanmar?s Government is leading the process of national education reform. A Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) has been informing new policy and planning, and a National Education Sector Plan (NESP) is being developed to define the strategic directions of the reform process and to guide its implementation..."
Source/publisher:
MIMU
Date of entry/update:
2015-08-07
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Description:
Current focus (November 2011) on private schools in Burma
Source/publisher:
Network Myanmar
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-22
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
217,000 hits (June 2014)
Source/publisher:
Google
Date of entry/update:
2014-06-02
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
With links to educational related reports.
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Information Management Unit
Date of entry/update:
2014-09-27
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Description:
Links to Myanmar:
Profile of Education...
National Reports...
IBEDOCS Resources...
Links...
WEBSITES
Country Information (UNESCO)
Education Statistics (UIS)
Education Plans and Policies (IIEP)
- See more at: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/worldwide/unesco-regions/asia-and-the-pacific/myanmar.html#sthash.FVpYsVVb.dpuf
Source/publisher:
UNESCO
Date of entry/update:
2008-04-06
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
English
more
Individual Documents
Description:
"Myanmar has been in crisis since 1 February 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military regime, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses. As of March 2026, approximately 3.7 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with cross-border displacement projected to rise toward 5.2 million in 2026. In attempt to seek international legitimacy, the military held general elections in three phases over December 2025 and January 2026 for the first time since the coup. The overwhelming majority of seats were won by the pro-military Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) and saw SAC chairman Min Aung Hlaing elected as president in April 2026. The elections have been widely denounced as neither free nor fair. Despite the transition to a quasi-civilian presidency, armed clashes have continued in multiple parts of the country, including Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, Kayin, Kachin, and Rakhine. The Arakan Army (AA) now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) have consolidated influence across parts of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP), released 10 December 2025, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance this year. Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay. The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On 10 December 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population; the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, funding shortages, and humanitarian access constraints exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide. The 28 March 2025 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures from SAC confirm 3,770 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Following the junta-run general elections held over December 2025 and January 2026, as well as ceasefires between the regime and some ethnic armed organizations in northern Shan, the number of armed conflict incidents has gradually decreased. Nonetheless, air and ground offensives continue in the Central Dry Zone, as well as Rakhine, Kayah, and Kayin States. The new government's 100-day roadmap announced on 21 April 2026, which invites resistance groups to enter peace talks and to surrender, have not been widely accepted. Between January and November 2025, the military conducted 2,165 airstrikes, up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On 10 December 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. IDPs have reached approximately 3.7 million people as of March 2025, with projections indicating it could rise further through 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 6.3 million people at the end of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 12 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints. Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the 10 December 2025 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid. Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta cancelled voting in over 67 townships where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December 2025 elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denied responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations stated that the pre-election environment has driven further escalation rather than de-escalation.
6. After taking office on 10 April 2026, president Min Aung Hlaing announced a 100-day program inviting resistance groups — both NCA signatories and non-signatories, including People's Defense Force (PDF) units — to enter peace talks by 31 July 2026. However, the Karen National Union (KNU), All Burma Student's Democratic Front (ABSDF), and the Chin National Front (CNF) quickly rejected the offer, with the KNU stating it has no intention of negotiating under frameworks linked to military rule, underscoring the deep erosion of trust between the junta and resistance forces..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-06-09
Date of entry/update:
2026-06-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.05 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Overview
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 24, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.
Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide. The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints. 4Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the December 10 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid. Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta has cancelled voting in thousands of wards where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denies responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations warn the pre-election environment is driving further escalation rather than de-escalation..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-04-24
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (54 pages)
Size:
2.85 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Overview:
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 21, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.....
Summary:
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support....
Key Insights:
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime.
Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints. Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the December 10 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid.
Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta has cancelled voting in thousands of wards where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denies responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations warn the pre-election environment is driving further escalation rather than de-escalation..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-04-21
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (55 pages)
Size:
2.84 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Overview
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 13, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.
Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide. The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints.
Economic conditions continue to deteriorate: the World Bank projects real GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26, with inflation remaining above 20%. Rising poverty and fear of forced conscription have driven male migration, leaving women, girls, and older people as household heads. More than four in ten households identify lack of income as their top challenge, and 83% of internally displaced families can meet half or less of their basic needs. The convergence of conflict, disaster, and economic decline continues to erode coping capacities, pushing Myanmar further toward a protracted humanitarian emergency with no signs of de-escalation.
5. International condemnation has intensified following the December 10 airstrike on Mrauk-U Hospital. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation, warning the attack could amount to a war crime. WHO's Director-General condemned the strike as among dozens of verified attacks on healthcare in 2025. Amnesty International and the Burma Human Rights Network have urged the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court, impose an arms embargo, and authorize emergency cross-border humanitarian aid.
Peace negotiations remain effectively stalled: resistance leaders and the National Unity Government publicly rejected Chinese-brokered terms for northern Shan State. The junta has cancelled voting in thousands of wards where it cannot secure control, while nationwide "silent strikes" signalled popular rejection of the military's December elections. EU and Australia have declared the vote "not credible" amid junta repression. The junta denies responsibility for civilian casualties, accusing "terrorists" of being targeted, while humanitarian organizations warn the pre-election environment is driving further escalation rather than de-escalation..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-04-13
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.84 MB
more
Description:
"Overview
The following overview has been generated using the information available up to April 7, 2026. It provides a synthesized summary and key insights into the crisis based on the most recent data accessible at that time.
Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-04-07
Date of entry/update:
2026-04-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.9 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime.
Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-03-24
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (35 pages)
Size:
2.2 MB
more
Description:
"Summary:
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime.
Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-03-24
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (37 pages)
Size:
2.34 MB
more
Description:
"Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support.
Key Insights
1. Myanmar's humanitarian crisis continues to deepen amid persistent conflict, economic collapse, and the lingering impacts of the March 2025 earthquake. An estimated 16 million people—nearly one in three citizens—are projected to require humanitarian assistance in 2026, as conflict-driven displacement, natural disasters, and funding shortages exacerbate vulnerabilities nationwide.
The March 28 earthquake remains a defining event in the humanitarian landscape. Official figures confirm 3,745 deaths and over 5,000 injuries, with the Early Recovery Cluster reporting over 24,200 houses damaged (24% completely destroyed), 4,857 apartments affected, and 132 health facilities damaged. An estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris blocks roads and markets, with clearance impeded by shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%). Nearly three-quarters of the most affected townships continue to face critical shelter and livelihood gaps—64% of communities reported job losses and 30-31% reported damage to crops and workplaces—while disrupted water systems (44% of groundwater sources contaminated) have fueled outbreaks of cholera and dengue.
2. Conflict has escalated dramatically ahead of junta-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The military has intensified air and ground offensives, conducting 2,165 airstrikes between January and November 2025—up from 1,716 in all of 2024. On December 10, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital in Rakhine State, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—prompting UN, WHO, and Amnesty International condemnation and calls for investigation as a possible war crime. Total displacement has reached approximately 3.6 million people as of late 2025, with projections indicating it could rise to 4 million in 2026. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine's 17 townships, while resistance forces have captured extensive border areas in the southeast. Attacks on healthcare are widespread: Insecurity Insight recorded 1,815 attacks on health care between February 2021 and November 2025, with WHO verifying 67 attacks in 2025 alone. Access restrictions, including the junta's blockade of Rakhine since late 2023, continue to endanger civilians—particularly Rohingya communities facing persistent protection risks, restricted mobility, and limited access to aid.
3. Humanitarian access remains severely limited by insecurity and deliberate obstruction. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, prioritizing only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs at a cost of $521 million. Partners reached some 5 million people in the first nine months of 2025, but access constraints—including roadblocks, landmines, telecommunications blackouts, and the Rakhine blockade affecting 600,000 IDPs—force reliance on low-profile, community-led delivery modalities. WFP warns that hunger has reached "unacceptable" levels, with over 400,000 young children and mothers surviving on nutrient-deprived diets of plain rice or watery porridge.
4. The Food Security Cluster estimates about 8.5 million people face moderate-to-severe food insecurity in 2026, driven by conflict, displacement, rising food and fuel prices, reduced market access and supply-chain disruptions. September 2025 analyses reported "Serious" to "Critical" Global Acute Malnutrition in multiple conflict-affected townships, notably in Northern Rakhine, Kachin, Sagaing, Southern Shan, and Kayah—with nutrition and treatment services suspended or operating at minimal capacity due to access constraints..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-03-24
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf (63 pages)
Size:
3.2 MB
more
Description:
"Summary:
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-02-22
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-23
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Summary
Myanmar has been in crisis since February 1, 2021, when the military (Tatmadaw) overthrew the democratically elected government. This coup sparked widespread protests and armed resistance, leading to a severe political, economic, and humanitarian crisis. The military junta, known as the State Administration Council (SAC), has responded with brutal force, resulting in thousands of civilian deaths and widespread human rights abuses.
As of December 2025, approximately 3.6 million people are internally displaced across the country—a dramatic increase from roughly 300,000 pre-2021—with displacement projected to rise toward 4 million in 2026. Intensified clashes continue in Sagaing, Magway, northern Shan, Kayah, and Mandalay, where junta forces have launched renewed ground and air offensives ahead of military-run elections starting December 28, 2025. The Arakan Army now controls all but three of Rakhine State's 17 townships, while resistance forces including the Karen National Liberation Army have consolidated influence across much of central and southeastern Myanmar. The UN's 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, released December 10, projects over 16 million people will require humanitarian assistance.
Recovery from the March 2025 earthquake remains slow, with an estimated 3.5 million tonnes of debris and reconstruction hampered by insecurity, shortages of heavy machinery (43%) and labour (40%), and limited access. Many affected communities, particularly in Magway, Sagaing, and Mandalay, continue to live in temporary shelters, while essential services remain disrupted. Approximately 24,200 houses were damaged (24% completely destroyed), and 132 health facilities were damaged—half in Mandalay.
The Rohingya crisis continues to worsen, with the junta's blockade of Rakhine preventing international aid delivery since late 2023, leaving hundreds of thousands of IDPs with severely limited assistance. On December 10, 2025, a military airstrike destroyed Mrauk-U General Hospital, killing at least 33 people and injuring 76-80—one of the deadliest attacks on healthcare in the conflict. Chronic poverty now affects over 80% of the population, the World Bank projects GDP will contract 2.0% in FY2025/26 with inflation remaining above 20%, and market disruptions have deepened food insecurity nationwide. The 2026 HNRP appeals for approximately $890 million but reflects severely constrained funding and narrowed operational space, forcing agencies to prioritize only 2.6 million people with the most severe needs for life-saving support..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-03-01
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-23
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Individual Documents
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Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf (35 pages)
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2.24 MB
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"Executive Summary:
Myanmar faces a protracted humanitarian emergency characterized by widespread displacement, ongoing armed conflict, severe economic deterioration, and compounding natural disasters. The crisis demands sustained international attention and coordinated humanitarian response across multiple sectors. The Myanmar crisis requires sustained engagement across diplomatic, humanitarian, and development channels. Immediate priorities include scaling humanitarian assistance, protecting civilian infrastructure, and maintaining pressure for political resolution while preparing for long-term recovery and resilience-building efforts.
This analysis, produced through GANNET SituationHub's AI-powered platform with human-in-the-loop verification, synthesizes data from thousands of humanitarian sources to provide actionable insights for decision-makers, field teams, and donors responding to the Myanmar crisis. The platform's real-time monitoring capabilities enable rapid identification of emerging needs and coordination gaps critical for effective humanitarian response..."
Source/publisher:
Data Friendly Space via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-03-03
Date of entry/update:
2026-03-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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2.17 MB
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"Highlights
Children and families in Myanmar faced an escalating humanitarian crisis in 2025, as conflict, repeated displacement, public health emergencies, and natural disasters—including a major earthquake—left millions of children without access to safe shelter, education, healthcare, and protection services. In 2025, 21.9 million people, including 6.9 million children, were in need of humanitarian assistance.
A 7.7‑magnitude earthquake on 28 March hit central Myanmar, where over half of all vulnerable displaced population reside, destroying water, sanitation, health, and education infrastructure and pushing an additional two million people into acute humanitarian need.
Despite the challenging environment, and amid funding constraints, UNICEF and its partners reached 4 million people, including 3.2 million children, in 2025. Nearly 2.5 million children received vitamin A supplementation, over 1.2 million people were reached with safe water, 747,375 children accessed learning, and 23,025 children with disabilities were supported with specialized services.
UNICEF secured only 25 per cent of its US$ 346.8M appeal, leaving a 75 per cent funding gap that significantly limited scale‑up of its critical humanitarian and earthquake‑response service.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
In 2025, Myanmar remained the world’s most fragmented conflict and second-highest globally in conflict intensity,1 leading to a deepening humanitarian crisis for children and families. By the end of December, over 3.6 million people2 were internally displaced,3 an increase of more than 150,000 newly displaced individuals compared to 2024. Most newly displaced populations are from Sagaing, Kayin, Tanintharyi, and Ayeyarwaddy regions, often fleeing multiple times, only to end up in informal shelters with limited access to food, healthcare, and clean water.
Children’s rights to education and safety were severely affected. Ongoing conflict, school destruction, teacher shortages, and severe access restrictions limited service delivery, while areas hit by both conflict and the 2025 earthquake faced critical shortages of safe learning spaces, learning materials, and mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS).
Protection risks intensified as families under extreme stress resorted to harmful coping strategies, including child labour, unsafe migration, family separation, and early marriage. Landmine and explosive ordnance contamination remained a major threat, with children making up over a quarter of casualties in the first half of 2025.
Displacement continued to rise particularly across Kachin, the northwest and northern and southern Shan, where airstrikes, shifting frontlines, prolonged banking and telecommunications disruption, widespread landmine contamination, and service disruptions heightened risks of exploitation and psychological distress. In Rakhine state, intensified conflict and movement restrictions left an estimated 500,000 displaced people - including a 235,862 stateless population6 – at risk of harassment and abuse.
The humanitarian crisis severely worsened in March 2025 when a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, followed by 262 aftershocks ranging from 5.5 to 3.0 magnitude,8 damaging more than 10,000 water systems impacting over 92,457 people’s access to safe water, damaging 10,471 household latrines in the 401 locations assessed in 29 townships, and depriving 45,812 people of access to safe sanitation facilities.9 Seasonal disasters compounded the situation: flash floods from late May to July affected 195,000 people across multiple states and regions.
Disease outbreaks, hunger and inadequate WASH conditions intensified the risks to child survival. Health risks heightened in overcrowded displacement settings. In 2025, as per WHO, a total of 2,378 acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) cases were reported10 across nine states and regions, with the majority occurring in Yangon, Kayin, Chin, and Rakhine. Specific outbreaks were reported in Kayin state, bordering Thailand, in January and Chin state in December.11 Myanmar remained classified as a hunger hotspot of “very high concern” in the latest global food security update,12 and 410,000 children under five, along with pregnant and breastfeeding women, were projected to be suffering from acute malnutrition between June 2025 and May 2026.13 Joint mapping conducted by Health, Nutrition and WASH clusters identified 76 townships at very high risk of AWD outbreaks, primarily located in conflict- and disaster-affected areas.
Humanitarian access remained critically constrained, with over one-third of townships extremely difficult to access (Level 3)14 due to active hostilities, administrative restrictions, and insecurity. Conflict hotspots like Rakhine, Sagaing, and Magway accounted for 69 per cent of incidents.15 Furthermore, 58 per cent of the 6.7 million people targeted for assistance reside in high-restriction areas, where airstrikes, landmines, and telecommunications blackouts frequently force the suspension of life-saving operations..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2026-02-18
Date of entry/update:
2026-02-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Introduction
This report provides a locally informed interim assessment of humanitarian access in Karen State (Kayin State per UN terminology), examining key constraints through insights from international actors and local community-based organisations (CBOs).
Global humanitarian efforts often rely on state authorities, sidelining local actors in conflict zones. In Myanmar, official aid is through the State Administrative Council (SAC) controlled NDMO, which has limited access and reliability for delivering aid to non-SAC-controlled areas, such as Karen State. SAC’s bureaucratic barriers and movement restrictions further obstruct aid, while traditional iNGOs and UN agencies have significantly less impact and reliable access in these resistance controlled areas.
By contrast, CBOs, local NGOs, Border Based Organisations (BBOs) and IDP humanitarian services under de facto authorities have proven to be the most effective existing channel for delivering aid—despite often operating outside the traditional humanitarian system. Through community networks, these actors consistently adapt to security risks and logistical challenges, ensuring aid reaches populations deemed inaccessible by conventional means.
This report finds that the most effective means of supporting conflict-affected communities is through local NGO and CBO stakeholders working with de facto authorities, who enable access and provide critical aid where traditional mechanisms fail.
This report provides an interim analysis of humanitarian access constraints and explores alternative pathways for aid delivery. The full report, covering all constraints listed on page 13, with additional risk related information for practitioners, will be released in late March 2025..."
Source/publisher:
Humanitarian Assistance And Disaster Relief Institute
Date of publication:
2025-02-04
Date of entry/update:
2025-02-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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14.52 MB
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"Executive Summary
The past four years have brought unprecedented challenges to Myanmar, creating a profound "polycrisis." Political instability, compounded by the far-reaching impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, entrenched conflict, economic disruptions, severe human rights violations and worsening environmental degradation, have reshaped every aspect of life. Public health systems have become severely strained, while educational opportunities have diminished, leaving human capital in decline. A youth and skills exodus, driven by forced conscription, limited job opportunities, and deteriorating socio-economic conditions, have markedly depleted the nation's workforce.
This polycrisis has pushed millions into poverty, with half of the population living below the poverty line and a further one third just barely above it. Rural-to-urban migration and displacement caused by conflict have further strained urban systems, while negative coping strategies — such as, in severe cases, selling vital assets (e.g., houses, land) — perpetuate long-term socio-economic vulnerabilities. Access to electricity has plummeted to less than half of the population. Agricultural productivity, driven by access to land and affordability of inputs, is sharply declining, intensifying food insecurity, particularly in states like Rakhine and Chin. Environmental challenges, including deforestation and mangrove loss, have exacerbated climate impact risks, further threatening community livelihoods.
The coming year will test Myanmar’s resilience to its limits as it navigates the numerous challenges of this prolonged polycrisis. The international community must adapt its support strategies accordingly, prioritizing limited resources to mitigate the most severe regressions while building community resilience to ongoing and inevitable future shocks.
Active positive international engagement and negotiation with all parties involved is necessary to help the people of Myanmar navigate through their current challenges and set the stage for a better future. A more stable and peaceful Myanmar, that thrives on a legal economy, protects it human and natural resource assets and invests in the safety and prosperity of all its people is also in the self-interest of its neighbors and the international community writ large..."
Source/publisher:
UN Development Programme (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2025-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNDP - Burma/Myanmar, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Climate Change - networks, campaigns, guides, resources, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
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12.41 MB
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"OVERVIEW
Throughout 2024, Myanmar experienced intense and widespread conflict, pushing the number of people internally displaced beyond the 3.5 million mark and exacerbating an already dire humanitarian situation. In December, significant developments occurred, with ethnic armed organizations seizing strategic townships – many in border areas, such as in Rakhine, Kachin, and Shan State (North). The situation remained particularly volatile in the SouthEast, which became the second region after the North-West to surpass the milestone of leaving over 1 million people displaced. The conflict continued to be shaped by frequent airstrikes, indiscriminate shelling, landmines, improvised explosive devices, and clashes in urban areas. These methods of warfare have inflicted severe harm on children, women, and elderly people caught in the crossfire. Despite continued calls for a cessation of hostilities, the situation showed little improvement. In this complex environment, UNHCR and its partners continued to focus on lifesaving interventions, delivering critical humanitarian assistance while exploring ways to adapt and optimize aid for affected populations.
According to the Royal Thai Government, over 52,000 refugees have crossed into Thailand seeking protection since February 2021 and have subsequently returned from the temporary safety areas.
Since February 2021, approximately 71,200 people from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in India, with 9,302 of them registered with UNHCR in Delhi. India has reportedly intensified efforts to fence its 1,643 km border with Myanmar, aiming to complete the project within the next decade. This initiative faced strong opposition from communities, particularly due to the termination of the Free Movement Regime (FMR). In place of the FMR, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) introduced a new border pass system to regulate cross-border movement for residents living within 10 km of the Myanmar-Manipur border. The system, based on proof of identity and residence, permits Myanmar nationals and Manipur residents to cross the border for specific purposes, such as visiting relatives, tourism, business, or medical needs. The MHA also reinstated the Protected Area Regime in Manipur, Nagaland, and Mizoram, requiring foreign nationals, including those from Myanmar, to obtain Protected Area Permits before entry. Citing heightened security concerns in border areas, the MHA has also mandated all foreign visitors to register with the Foreigners Registration Officer within 24 hours of arrival. However, the Mizoram Government has urged the MHA to review this decision because of its implications on tourism, cross-border movements, and trade, particularly for new arrivals from Myanmar. Addressing the pressing requirements for food, shelter, health and winterization supplies in Manipur and Mizoram remain essential. The limited resources available to humanitarian organizations and local author-ities continues to place significant pressure on the relevant actors and host communities to provide critical lifesaving support..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2025-01-30
Date of entry/update:
2025-01-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
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"OVERVIEW
Since the military takeover in February 2021, the political and security landscape in Myanmar has plunged millions into a deepening humanitarian crisis. This month marks one year since the escalation of conflict that has spread across multiple regions of the country. Civilians continue to face serious protection risks, including conscription, human rights violations and insufficient resources to meet basic needs. Ongoing territorial conflicts have disrupted key access roads, restricting freedom of movement, impeding supply routes and driving up commodity prices, further exacerbating humanitarian needs.
Over a month after torrential monsoon rains and Typhoon Yagi struck Myanmar, impacting some 70 townships across 11 states and regions, an estimated 1.1 million people continue to deal with the aftermath. The catastrophic floods that followed have caused widespread damage, destroying houses and critical infrastructures – water sources, schools, roads and community facilities – and flooded crops and washed away livestock. The states and regions most affected include Nay Pyi Taw, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, and eastern and southern Shan states. This disaster has added another layer of complexity and vulnerability to an already precarious situation marked by conflict.
Access remains challenging in some areas with roads and bridges in need of urgent repairs to facilitate the delivery of urgent, life-saving assistance. Many families are without shelter and access to basic services, having lost basic household items such as kitchen utensils, bedding, water storage, facilities, and other daily essentials. UNHCR is actively responding to the most urgent needs, working alongside partners and other UN Agencies, particularly in the north-west and south-east of the country.
According to the Royal Thai Government, over 52,000 refugees crossed into Thailand seeking protection since February 2021. Most have since returned to Myanmar and no new arrivals have been reported since June 2024.
Since February 2021, close to 70,000 people from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in India. Out of this population, 8,241 are registered with UNHCR. The Indian Army Chief recently reaffirmed India's commitment to sheltering displaced people from Myanmar and providing essential aid. This statement follows recent clashes in the Ukhrul district, which resulted in six casualties, underscoring the challenges border communities and newly arrived Myanmar refugees face. Reports suggest an increase in new arrivals from Myanmar to border villages in Manipur's Tengnoupal and Chandel districts. Humanitarian agencies reported improvement in the security situation in Manipur's border districts although strict curfews remain in effect in some locations. While essential services remained operational, heavy rainfall significantly disrupted economic activities, leaving both host communities and displaced people without livelihoods. Newly arrived populations face acute shortages of food, medical care and essential commodities. Recogizing the impact on communities in the region, local authorities have called for additional government resources for the response..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-11-22
Date of entry/update:
2024-11-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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9.08 MB
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"This update was developed by the Myanmar Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group (GiHA WG) and is based on available reports from humanitarian partners, including women-led organizations operating in flood-affected townships. It provides an overview of the gendered impacts of the flooding in Myanmar and the differentiated needs of women, men, girls, and boys.
Overview
Since 9 September 2024, severe flooding and mudslides triggered by torrential monsoon rains and remnants of Typhoon Yagi have devastated 70 townships across 11 states and regions in Myanmar.
An estimated 1 million people have been impacted, with more than 360 fatalities and 100 people reported missing,¹ although data is still being verified. The flooding has affected already marginalized groups, including internally displaced persons, pregnant and breastfeeding women, children, and the elderly, for whom the disaster has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities. Early assessments suggest women and girls account for approximately 60% of people affected.
The most severely affected areas include the capital Nay Pyi Taw; the regions of Mandalay, Magway, Bago, Sagaing and Tanintharyi; and the states of southern and eastern Shan, Mon, Kayah, Kayin, and Rakhine. As floodwaters recede, communities, including those in camps for internally displaced persons and relocation sites are beginning cleanup efforts.
The floods have submerged thousands of crops, farmlands, and livestock, significantly impacting the livelihoods of affected communities. Critical infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, including roads, bridges, communication networks, schools, public service facilities, religious sites, and farmlands. More than 65,000 homes, 1,500 schools, 200 roads and bridges, and more than 80 telecom towers have been destroyed or damaged. The impacts of the disaster are exacerbating Myanmar’s existing humanitarian crisis, already strained by ongoing conflict, political instability, and widespread food insecurity..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Pacific Gender in Humanitarian Action Working Group, UN Women, United Nations Population Fund
Date of publication:
2024-10-01
Date of entry/update:
2024-10-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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2.65 MB
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"Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing, eastern and southern Shan, and Tanintharyi regions/states. The most affected areas are Mandalay Region, southern Shan, eastern Bago, Kayin, Mon, and Nay Pyi Taw. As per state-run media, more than 400 fatalities have been reported as of 25 September.2 The flooding and landslides have caused significant damage to homes, household assets, and critical infrastructure, including health facilities, schools, water sources, major highways, bridges, and WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) infrastructure. Livelihoods have been destroyed, forcing many families to evacuate. Communication challenges persist due to flooded roads and downed electric lines. While floodwaters have receded in some areas, ongoing rain and riverine conditions continue to threaten some areas with recurrent flooding and potential river overflows.
Around 480,000 people are affected in Mandalay and Magway regions including Nay Pyi Taw. In Rakhine, more than 40,000 people from villages including IDPs locations in Mrauk U, and Myinbya and Tounangoup townships are affected. In Bago east, more than 180,000 people are affected while in eastern and southern Shan, flooding and landslides have affected over 100,000 people. In Mon and Kayin states, affected figures are over 200,000.3 Across all affected areas, critical needs include access to safe drinking water, hygiene items, medicine, food, shelter, and humanitarian cash assistance.
Acute watery diarrhoea, dengue fever, malaria, cholera and measles are already a threat to children in Myanmar. The ongoing flooding is likely to worsen the spread of waterborne diseases and increasing the need to provide urgent health, nutrition and WASH services. Despite ongoing rapid response efforts, delivering essential WASH assistance—such as clean water, sanitation, hygiene supplies, menstrual hygiene management, and shelter— remains a significant challenge. Numerous schools were forced to close or are being used as shelters, affecting the access to education for thousands of children. Child Protection concerns are critical in the aftermath of the floods, with risks such as family separation, psychological distress, exposure to explosive ordnance, and physical dangers, including drowning. Initial assessments indicate that more than 270,000 children and over 180,000 parents and caregivers are in urgent need of child protection services..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-28
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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171.09 KB
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"ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024 highlights climate change threats to women and girls in Southeast Asia, a warning sign for other regions
New York/Bangkok, 27 September 2024 — The new ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024, presented today at the United Nations General Assembly, showcases new gender data across all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It reveals that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States have made tremendous strides towards several SDGs – decreasing poverty, food insecurity, school abandonment, violent crime and the use of unclean fuels – yet climate change and environmental degradation are still substantially affecting women and girls. Given the intensified consequences of climate change, more efforts are needed to address these impacts.
Poverty in East and Southeast Asia has dropped 10-fold over the past 20 years – more progress than in any other region – yet women in Southeast Asia remain more likely than men to be poor, particularly in their peak reproductive ages (2.66 million women vs. 2.31 million men). If climate change continues to worsen, an estimated 2.5 million more people will be pushed into poverty by 2030.
Despite substantial regional reductions in food insecurity over the past decade, an estimated 17% of women and 16% of men do not eat enough nutritious food, and 38% of pregnant women have anemia. Unsustainable farming practices, land transition and overreliance on cash crops, are projected to impact millions, particularly women and girls, who are more vulnerable to food insecurity.
Women’s political participation is increasing, reaching an all-time high of 23% in parliaments across the region, yet they remain underrepresented in key environmental ministries.[1] Expanding women’s roles in decision-making in all sectors is crucial to creating inclusive solutions to manage disease spread, build farmer resilience, reduce unpaid work burdens and ensure ecosystem health.
Despite substantial strides towards universal access to clean drinking water, women are more likely than men to die from consuming unsafe water sources across the region. For example, in Indonesia women comprise 29% of deaths associated with unsafe water sources, compared to 25% of men; while the rates are 23% for women vs. 18% for men in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
Data reveal the gendered impacts of increased droughts, unpredictable rains and rising temperatures, which correlate with higher rates of child marriage,[2] adolescent births and barriers to accessing clean drinking water and cooking fuels, disproportionately affecting women’s unpaid work. Climate plans and policies must be gender-sensitive, but currently, only three countries’ are.[3]
The health of ASEAN oceans is in jeopardy, with high concentrations of algal blooms and extensive beach litter.[4] Destructive fishing practices and overfishing threaten marine biodiversity and fish stocks, with significant economic costs impacting human health, tourism and the livelihoods of small-scale fishing folk, especially women, who are often unable to change harvest areas or gear to adapt.
Rapid deforestation rates continue in the region, with significant forest loss recorded in 2023, particularly in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Indonesia, Viet Nam and Thailand, equivalent to massive carbon dioxide emissions. This deforestation has disproportionate impacts on women, correlating with increased malaria spread that exacerbate women’s unpaid care work.
Although violent crime is low and the region is one of the world’s safest,[5] 22% of women vs. 18% of men feel less safe than five years ago. Among the poorest women, this rate rises to 25%. Women’s participation in security and peacekeeping has the potential to enhance safety, yet women account for less than 20% of peacekeepers contributed by all countries in the ASEAN region.
Currently, 47% of Official Development Assistance in the region targets gender. But increased investment in collecting, analysing and using gender data across all SDGs, including traditionally gender-neutral areas like environment statistics, is necessary.[6] With just six years to go to achieve the 2030 Agenda, continuous investment in gender equality is vital.
The ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024 underscores the importance of gender equality for sustainable development to ensure no one is left behind.
For more information on the report: https://data.unwomen.org/publications/asean-gender-outlook-2024
H.E. Mr. Ekkaphab Phanthavong, Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community commented: “The Second Edition of ASEAN Gender Outlook is dedicated to track progress towards gender equality and SDGs in the ASEAN region. It further advocates for enhanced investment in gender data and evidence, which is critical to guide decision-making policies. This approach ensures that policy responses are comprehensive and inclusive, particularly addressing the needs of women and girls, particularly those from the most vulnerable and marginalised communities in the region.”
H.E. Ms. Penny Wong, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Australia commented: “Investing in gender equality is an investment in peace, security and prosperity. The ASEAN Gender Outlook provides essential data to inform regional policy. Data impacts our decisions about how best to respond, and with better data, we can count women in.”
H.E. Mr. Saleumxay Kommasith, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR commented: “ASEAN has consistently mobilized high-level political commitment to advance gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls in the region. Such priority is seen in the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and its complementarities with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Being the ASEAN Chair this year, Lao PDR remains committed to making concrete contributions to the promotion of gender equality and women’s empowerment which is one of the key priorities, and the cross-cutting priority for achieving the SDGs.”
Dato’ Sri Hajah Nancy Shukri, Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Women, Malaysia commented: “The Second Edition of the ASEAN Gender Outlook is a call to action. Integrating gender perspectives into every facet of our development agenda is not only essential but urgent, as we work towards realizing the ASEAN Community Vision 2045 and shaping the Strategic Plans beyond 2025. The insights from this outlook should ignite real, transformative change across ASEAN, driving us toward a more inclusive future.”
H.E. Mr. Maris Sangiampongsa, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand commented: “Gender equality and women empowerment are also central to the ASEAN Community Vision. As we move ahead, we should empower a new generation of women leaders. Let me highlight three key areas where women can make a difference and contribute to a more future-ready and sustainable world: climate action and disaster response; digital transformation; and global supply chains.”
Sima Bahous, UN Women Executive Director commented: “The second ASEAN Gender Outlook underscores the need to advance progress towards the SDGs, including by improving gender data on key issues for the region. Today’s report shows that gains have been made and progress is within reach, but it must be accelerated. We must keep advancing gender equality to honor the commitments made at the Beijing Declaration nearly 30 years ago, and the 2030 Agenda. Let’s work together to break down the barriers facing women and girls and turn gender equality from a goal into reality.”
About ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org.
About UN Women
UN Women is the United Nations entity dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. A global champion for women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress on meeting their needs worldwide.
Note to Editors:
The report was launched on 10 September 2024 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by H.E. Dato’ Sri Hajah Nancy Shukri, Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Women, Malaysia. The publication is jointly produced by the ASEAN Committee on Women (ACW), led by Malaysia as the Chair of ACW, ASEAN Secretariat and UN Women. The launching ceremony was attended by H.E. Ekkaphab Phanthavong, Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for Socio-Cultural Community; Jamshed Kazi, Senior Advisor and Liaison to ASEAN, UN Women Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; along with the representatives of ACW, ASEAN Commission on the Promotion of the Rights of Women and Children as well as other ASEAN Sectoral Bodies. As regional lead on the SDGs in ASEAN, the Government ofThailandorganized and coordinated the high-level launch of this report at the UN General Assembly.
For media inquiries:
Montira Narkvichien, Regional Communications Specialist, UN Women Asia and the Pacific | [ Click to reveal ]
[1] There is not a single woman Minister for Energy, Industry or Fisheries in the region. Globally, women comprise just 11% of Ministers of Energy, Natural Resources, Fuels and Mining.
[2] For example, the proportion of women aged 18–49 who were married before age 18 was 10 percentage points higher in Timor-Leste during high frequency (34%) compared to low frequency episodes of drought (24%).
[3] Cambodia, Indonesia and Myanmar prioritize gender in their Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement.
[4] The ASEAN region has more beach litter than any other region (more than 288,000 pieces per square kilometre).
[5] At 1.8 victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 people.
[6] UN Women has made significant strides in generating gender and environment statistics through national specialized surveys, but further investments are needed to fill data gaps..."
Source/publisher:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, UN Women
Date of publication:
2024-09-27
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
ASEAN-Burma relations, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Armed conflict and peace-building in Burma - theoretical, strategic and general, UN Women
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"This independent report, covering humanitarian developments up to 26 September, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The situation is fluid, and estimated figures are subject to change.
Highlights
• As of 26 September, an estimated 1 million people across 70 out of the 330 townships in Myanmar are reportedly affected by the flooding from heavy monsoon rains and remnants of Typhoon Yagi. This widespread flooding has caused significant damage in the Northwest, Southeast, and Rakhine State.
• More than 360 people have reportedly drowned, with at least 100 more missing due to the severe flooding.
• The floods have caused widespread devastation, submerging thousands of crops, farmlands, and livestock, leading to substantial losses in the livelihoods of affected communities.
• Eighteen days since the onset of the flooding on 9 September, the humanitarian response is rapidly moving forward. Emergency assistance, including food, drinking water, shelter, and WASH support, has been delivered to some of the affected populations, with more aid efforts underway.
• Significant gaps however remain, and growing needs continue to strain the limited available resources, highlighting the urgency for sustained relief efforts, including early recovery and livelihoods assistance. Aid agencies still require more supplies, additional funds and expanded access to distribute assistance on a larger scale.
• The Myanmar Humanitarian Fund (MHF) continues to capitalize on the various flexible response measures, including the activation of contingency budgets, to quickly support to partners best placed to deliver lifesaving aid in communities hardest hit by the recent floods.
• Donors have committed more than US$3 million additional contributions to the MHF. This will complement the recently announced Central Emergency Response Fund allocation of up to $4 million.
• Additional funding and unrestricted access to affected areas are crucial for humanitarian organisations to respond effectively to the needs of flood impacted communities and the those have been displaced across the country due to the conflict.
Situation Overview
Eighteen days since the severe flash flooding and landslides hit many parts of Myanmar, the humanitarian response is rapidly moving forward. Humanitarian agencies, however, still urgently require additional supplies, funding, and expanded access to distribute assistance on a larger scale. Needs remain high among the flood-affected populations, many of whom had been displaced by the conflict and have had to also deal with the consequences of recurring floods. Even after surviving the disaster, the affected people remain at risk of waterborne diseases and now face the challenge of rebuilding their livelihoods, which have been lost by the floods. The destruction of homes, assets, farmlands, and income-generating activities has left many without the means to recover, further intensifying the need for both immediate humanitarian and early recovery assistance. Essential support is critical to help the affected populations rebuild their livelihoods and address the pressing challenges of recovery, loss of income, and health risks. Without timely assistance in agricultural inputs, shelter, food, and health services, recovery will be slow, and vulnerable communities will continue to face prolonged hardships. Coordinated efforts are necessary to ensure that aid reaches those most in need during this critical phase.
With the extent of the impact still unfolding, latest reports on the ground show a significant rise in the number of people affected by flooding. As of 26 September, flooding caused by torrential monsoon rains, including remnants from Typhoon Yagi, has impacted an estimated 1 million people across 70 of the country’s 330 townships in Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing, eastern and southern Shan, and Tanintharyi regions/states. This means that well over half of the country’s 14 states and regions and Nay Pyi Taw have been affected. The hardest hit areas include Mandalay, eastern Bago, Kayin, Mon, southern Shan and to a lesser extent Nay Pyi Taw. Communities and volunteers are working on cleanup efforts where floodwaters have receded, but persistent rains and riverine conditions in the country continue to threaten some areas with recurrent flooding and potential river overflows.
• In the Northwest, floodwaters have largely receded, allowing communities to begin cleaning up and preparing to return home. Most affected people are from rural areas, primarily reliant on farming for their livelihoods. The floods have destroyed farms and submerged agricultural tools and materials. Farmers face challenges in resuming their livelihood activities without support for agricultural inputs. Potential health risks are rising due to limited access to clean water, and immediate emergency needs include drinking water, food, basic medicine, household kits, clothes, and shelter. More than 200 people are reportedly missing or drowned in Mandalay Region, mostly in Yamethin Township.
• In the Southeast, although the flooding has receded in many areas, flood warnings remain for areas near rivers in Bago and Taungoo townships, eastern Bago. Some areas in Kayah and southern Shan faced recurrent flooding at the time of reporting. Severe damage has occurred to livestock, farmland, and properties, including paddy barns. Nearly 48,500 acres of crops were reportedly submerged in southern and eastern Shan, an estimated 5,000 acres were damaged in Kayah State, and more than 2,600 livestock were lost across eastern Bago, Kayin, and Mon. More than 160 people allegedly drowned, and more than 100 missing, with actual figures potentially higher due to reporting and telecommunication challenges.
• In Rakhine State, more than 42,000 people in Minbya, Mrauk-U and Toungup townships are estimated to be affected by flooding. Floodwaters are beginning to recede across these areas, but due to access and telecommunication challenges, detailed information about the extent of the damage remains difficult to obtain..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-27
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-27
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Individual Documents
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Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"CRISIS IMPACT OVERVIEW
On 8 September, Typhoon Yagi caused severe flooding and landslides in Myanmar, affecting more than 69 townships in nine central, eastern, and southeastern states and regions, namely Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, and southern and eastern Shan (UNICEF 18/09/2024; IFRC 18/09/2024).
Flooding has affected nearly 890,000 people, resulting in approximately 384 fatalities and 89 missing by 22 September (IFRC 18/09/2024; UNICEF 22/09/2024; AA 22/09/2024). As the situation continues to evolve and affected areas remain difficult to access as a result of damaged roads and widespread telecommunications and electricity disruptions, the number of those affected and dead are expected to rise (UNICEF 18/09/2024; IFRC 18/09/2024).
Until 9 June, prior to the flooding, there were already 18.6 million people (around one-third of the total population), including nearly six million children, in need of humanitarian assistance across Myanmar, including over 7.19 million in flood-affected areas (OCHA 09/06/2024; OCHA accessed 20/09/2024; IFRC 18/09/2024)..."
Source/publisher:
ACAPS via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-24
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs:
Across Myanmar, nearly 890,000 people, including an estimated 270,000 children are affected by the ongoing flooding in nine states and regions, including Nay Pyi Taw. The most affected areas are Mandalay Region, southern Shan, eastern Bago, Kayin State, and Nay Pyi Taw. As per OCHA, more than 300 fatalities and nearly 100 injuries have been reported.
The floods and landslides have caused widespread damage and destruction of homes, household assets, destroyed livelihoods and critical infrastructure including health facilities, schools, water sources, and major highways and bridges. In some parts of Mandalay region which was among the worst affected, water levels in many flooded villages have receded while challenges remain for the affected population to return home. Communication challenges persist due to flooded roads and downed electric lines.
In eastern and southern Shan, flooding and landslides have affected 26 townships; in Bago region, more than 100,000 people have been severely affected across six townships while in Mon and Kayin states, around 100,00 are affected by floods and landslides.3 In Rakhine, more than 40,000 people from villages including IDPs locations in Mrauk U, and Myinbya and Tounangoup townships are affected..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-22
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"This independent report, covering humanitarian developments up to 20 September, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The situation is fluid, and estimated figures are subject to change.
Highlights
• Ten days after the extensive flash flooding, emerging reports of impact indicate that an estimated 887,000 people, including displaced people, have been affected in 65 townships across Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing and eastern and southern Shan regions/states.
• So far, more than 300 fatalities and nearly 100 injuries have been reported. The most severely affected areas remain in devastation, with widespread destruction to homes, household assets, water sources, and electricity infrastructure. Roads, bridges, communication networks, schools, public service facilities, religious sites, and crops and farmlands have been severely damaged or completely collapsed.
• Amid severe underfunding of the response – the 2024 Humanitarian Needs & Response Plan remains 27 per cent funded – OCHA and the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) a.i. are actively fundraising to mobilize additional resources to quickly scale-up ongoing flood response efforts.
• The Emergency Relief Coordinator, a.i. has provisionally approved a CERF allocation of up to US$4 million to help kick-start emergency relief efforts.
• Rapid response efforts continue in the affected townships, delivering critical support to impacted communities. Urgent needs include drinking water, food, essential medicine, household kits, clothing, shelter, and lifesaving equipment for emergency preparedness.
• Funding and unrestricted access to affected areas are crucial for humanitarian organisations to effectively respond to the needs of impacted communities.
Situation Overview
Ten days after the onset of pervasive flash flooding, reports of the impact from affected areas continue to surface. Floodwaters have receded in most regions, allowing communities to begin cleanup efforts. The most severely affected areas remain devastated, with widespread damage to homes, household assets, water sources, and electricity connections.
In addition, critical infrastructure and public properties, including roads, bridges, communication networks, schools, public service facilities, religious sites, and crops and farmlands, have been collapsed and damaged.
Latest reports indicate that an estimated 887,000 people, including those displaced by the conflict, have been affected by flooding across 65 townships in Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Nay Pyi Taw, Rakhine, Sagaing, and eastern and southern Shan regions/states. The most affected areas so far, in order, are Mandalay Region, southern Shan, eastern Bago, Kayin State, and Nay Pyi Taw. Many have been evacuated to safer locations based on the severity of the situation in their areas. Rapid response efforts are ongoing in the affected townships, providing critical support to impacted communities. The initial requests for emergency support have highlighted the urgent need for drinking water, food, basic medicine, household kits, clothing, and shelter.
• In Mandalay Region, one of the hardest hit areas, water levels in most of the flooded villages have receded as of 18 September, and communities have begun cleaning up. However, returning to their homes, particularly in submerged villages, remains a challenge. There are growing health concerns due to the lack of accessible clean water. More than 230 people from 15 affected villages have been reported dead, and 50 individuals have been hospitalized at Yamethin Hospital. Many flood victims in Myitthar Township reside in highland areas, living in temporary makeshift shelters and pagodas. Emergency assistance and rescue efforts have been challenging to reach them, and there is an urgent need for food and healthcare services.
• In eastern and southern Shan, flooding and landslides have affected 26 townships, resulting in at least 78 reported fatalities and 47 individuals sustaining injuries.
• In Bago Region, one of the hardest-hit areas, more than 100,000 people have been severely affected across Bago, Htantabin, Oktwin, Phyu, Taungoo, and Yedashe townships. This includes thousands of individuals in conflictaffected areas that require humanitarian assistance. Villages along the Sittaung River remain flooded and hazardous, while other areas have seen the floodwaters recede.
• Mon and Kayin states have also been impacted by flooding and landslides. Nearly 90,000 people across four townships in Kayin and 11,950 people in three townships in Mon have been affected. Several relief centers remain in Kayin, where many people have begun returning home.
• In Nay Pyi Taw, more than 72,000 people in Pyinmana, Poke Ba Thi Ri, Tatkon and Zay Yar Thi Ri townships have been affected by flooding.
• In Chin State, strong winds and torrential rains have destroyed 180 acres of farmlands and damaged water pipelines. Due to floodwaters and landslides, transportation routes between Falam and Kale and Mindat and Matupi townships remain disrupted.
• In the Sagaing Region, agricultural lands in Chaung-U, Myaung, and Myinmu townships were flooded, damaging some crops.
• In the Magway Region, reports show that more than 26,000 houses were damaged or washed away, and an estimated 50,000 acres of agricultural lands were flooded. Several bridges and road sections were damaged or destroyed, affecting access to impacted communities and complicating response efforts.
• In Kayah State, more than 6,500 people have been affected in Demoso, Hpruso, and Shadaw townships. Flooding and landslides have caused significant destruction to livestock, farmland, and civilian properties. Over 48,000 acres of paddy and other crops have been submerged, with an estimated 5,000 paddy fields damaged across the state.
• In Rakhine State, more than 40,000 people, including those displaced by the conflict, have been affected by flooding in Minbya, Mrauk-U, and Toungup townships..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-20
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-20
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Public Health
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"Highlights
• More than 3.3. million people have been internally displaced and are in need of life-saving assistance, with children needing profound protection amid grave violations.
• UNICEF helped conduct first-stage vaccinations against measlesrubella for more than 300,000 children aged under one year, and supported access to formal and non-formal education, including early learning, for more than 56,000 children.
• In response to the increase of acute watery diarrhea cases reported across the country, UNICEF has ramped up support in Yangon, Rakhine, and other regions on WASH, Health and Risk Communication and Community Engagement through supplies and capacity building activities with the objective of containing the outbreak. Preparations for an Oral Cholera Vaccine campaign are underway.
• The severe funding gap against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal persists. Timely and sufficient funding is crucial to help children and their families who are suffering from the impacts of complex emergencies..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-17
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights
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472.04 KB
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"UNICEF Statement
UNICEF is deeply concerned for the safety and well-being of thousands of children and families affected by the severe flooding across Myanmar. Heavy rainfalls marking the peak of the monsoon season, exacerbated by Typhoon Yagi, have caused widespread devastation, particularly in Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Naypyitaw, Rakhine and Shan areas.
The floods have resulted in casualties, displaced families, damaged homes, and have destroyed livelihoods and critical infrastructure, including health facilities, schools, and major highways and bridges.
As of today, over 130 deaths and about 320,000 displacements have been reported, though the situation is still evolving. Verifying numbers remains challenging, as many affected areas are still hard to reach due to damaged roads and widespread disruptions to telecommunications and electricity.
As is too often the case in natural disasters, children are among the worst affected. Their safety, well-being, and access to basic services are at grave risk. Affected areas include camps for displaced people, including children, who were already struggling with limited services due to ongoing conflict.
UNICEF teams are on the ground, working closely with stakeholders to assess the situation and mobilize immediate relief. The provision of clean water, sanitation, and healthcare is critical to averting water-borne disease outbreaks, while ensuring psycho-social support and protection services for children during this challenging time.
Ongoing conflict in Myanmar has displaced more than 3.3 million people, nearly 40 per cent of whom are children bearing the heaviest brunt..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-16
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Statement attributable to June Kunugi, UNICEF Regional Director for East Asia and the Pacific
BANGKOK, 12 September 2024 - “UNICEF is deeply alarmed by reports that at least ten children have been killed in airstrikes in Myanmar in less than a week.
“According to reports, five airstrikes in Shan State, Chin State and Magway Region in 5-6 September killed 24 civilians, including at least 10 children. The airstrikes also injured at least eight children and destroyed a community-based learning centre.
“As Myanmar’s conflict rages on, children and their families are bearing the brunt of these attacks. Children are being killed in the very places where they should feel safe, including their places of learning and in their communities. Every child killed or injured causes intense grief for their families.
“As attacks intensify, we fear this pattern will only continue. In 2024 alone, at least 600 children have been killed or injured in Myanmar.
“UNICEF reminds all parties that the killing and maiming of children and attacks on schools are grave violations. Children and civilians must be protected at all times.”..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-09-12
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights and international relations
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"In the first six months of 2024, the situation in Myanmar remains deeply alarming.
The surge in intensified armed clashes in both rural and urban areas has led to further deterioration of the humanitarian crisis, resulting in a lack of access to life-saving health-care services, widespread destruction of infrastructure, impediments to the affected population's ability to relocate to safer areas and significant economic burdens. Increased security risks and restrictions on access to reach affected communities has also created steeper challenges for humanitarian responders.
Nevertheless, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) continued to explore different approaches to ensure that the essential needs of those worst-affected by conflict are adequately met, all the while safeguarding the security of our staff members.
Despite the challenges and constraints, ICRC teams remain committed to reaching and supporting the most vulnerable communities, particularly in Shan, Kachin, Rakhine, central Myanmar and conflict-affected areas in Chin, Kayah and Kayin States.
The ICRC urges all parties to the conflict to ensure the protection of civilians in accordance with internationally recognized laws and standards, as well as the safety of humanitarian actors, in order to facilitate the unimpeded and effective delivery of humanitarian aid to affected communities..."
Source/publisher:
International Committee of the Red Cross (Geneva)
Date of publication:
2024-09-03
Date of entry/update:
2024-09-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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1.6 MB
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"The Asia Justice Coalition is a network of organizations whose purpose is to promote justice and accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law in Asia, and to contribute to the fulfillment of the rights of victims and their families.
As we are coming to the fourth year of the military coup in Myanmar and the seventh anniversary of the 2017 exodus of more than 730,000 Rohingya forced to flee from Rakhine State to Bangladesh during the Myanmar military’s so-called ‘clearance operations’, the atrocities committed against the Rohingya continue unabated. According to the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM), the past year has witnessed horrific levels of brutality and inhumanity across Myanmar, including crimes committed with an intent to punish and induce terror in the civilian population. The escalation of conflict in Rakhine State since November 2023, compounded by the international community’s inaction, is eerily reminiscent of the 2017 atrocity crimes committed against the Rohingya by the Myanmar military.
Situation in Myanmar
The Myanmar military has committed widespread and systematic human rights violations, including crimes against humanity and war crimes, across the country. Since the 2021 coup in Myanmar, more than 5,534 civilians have been killed by the Myanmar military, and over 27,226 people have been arbitrarily arrested and detained. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OHCHA), more than 3 million people have been internally displaced, and 18.6 million people are in urgent need of humanitarian aid. In continuation of its persistent patterns, the military junta routinely conducts raids, torches civilian properties, including schools and hospitals, and burns down homes. In defiance of international humanitarian law, the military has been conducting airstrikes, using anti-personnel landmines, and intentionally targeting and killing civilians, and causing the destruction of civilian property. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), in the first half of 2024, military airstrikes increased by 112% compared to the whole of 2023. On 10 February 2024, the military began enforcing the 2010 People’s Military Service Law, enabling the conscription of Burmese citizens, men ages 18 to 35 and women ages 18 to 27, as well as older professionals such as doctors and engineers, for up to two years and as long as five years in a State of Emergency.
The resumption of conflict in Rakhine State between the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army since November 2023 has resulted in a further and swifter deterioration of the situation. Intensified attacks between the two parties have disproportionately affected over 600,000 Rohingya living under de facto indefinite detention and apartheid-like conditions in Rakhine State. Despite denying the Rohingya citizenship in Myanmar, the military is forcefully recruiting the Rohingya to fight the Arakan Army with the use and threat of force, abductions, and kidnappings, and on the pretext of securing freedom of movement and the grant of citizenship. In furtherance of the military’s attempts to cause intercommunal strife, the Rohingya were also forced to protest against the Arakan Army with threats of repeat of 2017 military operations, the imposition of heavy fines, and the razing of villages. Similarly, the Arakan Army is forcibly recruiting and deploying the Rohingya against the military junta, effectively using them as human shields.
The Arakan Army has gained control of and strategically positioned itself around the majority of Rohingya villages in Rakhine State and has systematically conducted offensives against the Rohingya. The attacks include raiding and forcing the evacuation of Rohingya townships, such as Maungdaw and Buthidaung, killing and torturing civilians, shelling and conducting drone attacks, torching houses across the village, and other direct, indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks on civilians and civilian objects. The Rohingya continue to live with increasing restrictions on movement, arbitrary arrests and detention, access to education, healthcare, employment, food, water, sanitation, and the imposition of taxes, by both the military junta and the Arakan Army. The deliberate restriction on humanitarian aid to Rakhine State, the seizure of food and other goods, the attack, torching, and destruction of World Food Programme warehouses have resulted in a situation of famine and exacerbated the hardships of the Rohingya. Rohingya women and the LGBTQIA+ population in Rakhine State are at heightened risk of discrimination, exploitation, and sexual and gender-based violence by the Arakan Army as well as the military junta.
Situation in Bangladesh
The situation of the Rohingya in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazaar and Bhasan Char has worsened over the years. Over 1 million refugees continue to live with restrictions on movement, lack of access to adequate food, water, durable housing, education, livelihood, and health care. The dire situation within the camps has heightened the risks of human trafficking, forced marriages, and child labour and forced thousands of Rohingya to escape life in the camps by paying huge amounts to undertake precarious boat journeys on the sea.
The widespread operation of insurgent and armed groups, including the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Rohingya Solidarity Organisation, and others, has contributed to increased violence and insecurity in the refugee camps. Armed groups have killed, abducted, detained and tortured with impunity in the camps. Moreover, Rohingya refugees, especially boys and men, have been reportedly enticed, manipulated, and abducted from camps in Bangladesh to join organised armed groups or transferred to Myanmar to forcibly join the military junta. Bangladeshi officials, including the police, have failed to actively monitor, maintain peace and security, and provide protection to the Rohingya. The rising incidents of sexual abuse and exploitation of women, girls, and LGBTQIA+ persons within the camps, without any real redress, further reflect the absence of accountability. The renewed fighting between the military and the Arakan Army forced at least 4000 Rohingya in Rakhine to flee to the Bangladesh border, only to be beaten and pushed back by Bangladeshi officials in flagrant violation of international law.
International Accountability Efforts
The ongoing case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Gambia v. Myanmar pertains to Myanmar’s state responsibility under the Genocide Convention. Despite the provisional measures ordered by the ICJ for Myanmar to take all measures to prevent the commission of genocidal acts and to ensure that the military and security forces do not commit genocidal acts, the Myanmar military continues to commit atrocities against the Rohingya. On 3 July, the ICJ found that the interventions filed by seven states (the Maldives, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, the UK, France, and Germany) are admissible ‘in so far as they concern the construction of provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide’. Consequently, all seven states are authorised to submit their written observations in accordance with Article 86 of the Rules of Court.
Since 2019, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been investigating but has not yet made any significant progress concerning the arrest warrants in the situation. The ongoing ICC investigation is aimed at seeking individual criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity, such as deportation, persecution, and other inhuman acts, committed against the Rohingya population, at least in part on the territory of Bangladesh. However, in a welcome move, the Federal prosecutor in Argentina has sought international arrest warrants against 25 Myanmar officials, including Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Min Aung Hlaing, for the crime of genocide and crimes against humanity committed against the Rohingya community between 2012 and 2018. The case before the Federal Court in Buenos Aires is based on the principle of universal jurisdiction, initiated by the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK) in November 2019.
In July, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) issued a joint communiqué reaffirming its support for the Five-Point Consensus, despite the brazen disregard of the agreement by the Myanmar military and consistently undermining regional stability. The non-compliance of the military junta with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2669 (2022) and the failure of ASEAN to hold the military accountable show the limitations of the Five-Point Consensus framework and the incapacity of the regional bloc. The deferral of responsibility to ASEAN by the international community has emboldened the Myanmar military and resulted in accountability gaps. As per the recent report of UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar Tom Andrews, many banks based in ASEAN are facilitating the Myanmar military junta’s access to weapons and related materials, and thus contributing to and exacerbating the conflict.
The Asia Justice Coalition is deeply concerned and condemns the indifference of the international community to the worsening situation of the Rohingya and other civilians in Rakhine State. It calls upon:
All parties to the conflict to immediately end the ongoing attacks and military operations across the country, including by ceasing all violations of international law against Rohingya and other minorities.
The military junta to facilitate safe, rapid, and unimpeded humanitarian access.
The new interim government of Bangladesh to provide increased protection and security to the Rohingya and investigate and prosecute security officials responsible for rights violations against the Rohingya.
The Bangladesh interim government to end restrictions in the refugee camps and provide Rohingya freedom of movement and access to education, livelihood, and health services.
ASEAN to overhaul the Five-Point Consensus and set a concrete and timebound action plan, block Myanmar from all its meetings, and impose financial sanctions, and an arms embargo against Myanmar.
The UN Security Council to hold a public session on the situation in Myanmar, impose targeted economic sanctions on the military and affiliates, and a binding global arms embargo, including on transfers of jet fuel and dual-use technology, and refer the situation to the ICC.
The UN member states and regional bodies to impose targeted sanctions, stop the supply and transfer of arms to the Myanmar military, and ensure effective implementation and prosecution of sanction breaches under their respective domestic laws.
UN member states to fully cooperate with and provide access to theIndependent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM) to undertake its mandated activities, including facilitating secure access to victims and witnesses.
Neighbouring countries, including India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Bangladesh, to devise a comprehensive regional response to the refugee crisis, provide protection, support, and humanitarian aid to all refugees fleeing Myanmar, observing the principle of non-refoulement, and authorize and fund emergency cross-border aid to civilians, including internally displaced people in Myanmar.
All countries to use all avenues and diplomatic channels at their disposal in pursuit of justice and accountability for the people of Myanmar, including civil and criminal legal actions based on the principle of universal and extraterritorial jurisdiction..."
Source/publisher:
Amnesty International, Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK, Centre for Policy Alternatives, Fortify Rights, Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Human Rights Watch, International Commission of Jurists, Legal Action Worldwide
Date of publication:
2024-08-22
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first)
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"OVERVIEW
The humanitarian crisis in Myanmar worsened significantly in the second quarter of 2024 due to escalating armed conflict, small-scale natural hazards, and overall economic and political instability. Millions of people faced severe vulnerabilities, often exacerbated by displacement, acute food insecurity, and restricted access to essential services. Between April and June 2024, intensified clashes in Kachin, northern Shan and Rakhine led to new waves of displacement. By the end of the second quarter, a total of 3.2 million people were displaced from their homes, marking an increase of more than 320,000 compared to the first quarter of this year. Many of the newly displaced people were forced to seek refuge in temporary shelters and informal camps. Access to education, health, and other essential services remained severely restricted in conflict-affected and remote areas, with ongoing school closures and overwhelmed health facilities of particular concern. Protection concerns continued to grow across the country, with increasing reports of landmine and explosive ordnance incidents, premature returns, confiscation of civilian assets, and the threat of forced recruitment.
Humanitarian operations faced formidable challenges. A total of 323 access incidents were reported by various organizations between April and June, including but not limited to military operations and armed activities, administrative restrictions and violence and threats against humanitarian personnel, assets and facilities. Transportation infrastructure in poor condition, damaged or destroyed further complicated access to affected communities.
Despite these obstacles, the humanitarian community remained steadfast in its efforts to ensure support reached affected people. Through innovative approaches and enhanced coordination, aid delivery persisted, reaching more than 2.1 million people in the first half year of 2024, or roughly 40 per cent of those targeted for humanitarian assistance in the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP). This marks a significant increase from the first quarter, when only 18 per cent was reached, effectively doubling the impact within just one quarter. However, this reach falls short of..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-08-19
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"This independent update, covering humanitarian developments up to 15 August, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued in September 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
• Persisting conflict is widespread across the country with a deteriorating situation in northern Shan, Mandalay Region and Rakhine State, driving new displacement.
• Since the end of June, torrential monsoon rains and overflow of various rivers have submerged several states and regions, exacerbating already severe humanitarian needs and affecting an estimated 393,000 people.
• Countrywide, an estimated 3 million people are internally displaced, with many of the newly displaced living without proper shelter amid the monsoon season.
• Conflict continues to intensify in Rakhine State, with a surge in casualties and displacement in Maungdaw Township and reports of increasing people crossing into Bangladesh.
• In northern Shan, a resurgence of fighting since late June, including the reported capture of Lashio, has displaced an estimated 33,000 people from four townships, with civilian casualties and the destruction of numerous homes and structures.
• In Mandalay Region, an escalation of conflict has forced thousands of people to flee their homes from townships north of Mandalay City.
• Humanitarians are working to deliver assistance amid formidable challenges, with increasing violence, restrictions imposed by parties to the conflict, disruptions in telecommunications and internet services, and severe underfunding.
• During the first half of 2024, 2.1 million people were reached with some type of humanitarian assistance across the country out of 5.3 million people targeted, including 1.2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs).
• Eight months into the year, the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) remains critically underfunded, with only 21.1 per cent of required funding received, according to the Financial Tracking Service. More resources are urgently needed to enable humanitarian partners to respond at-scale to expanding needs...."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-08-16
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Highlights
In the first half of 2024, widespread conflict continued to drive displacement, further exacerbating humanitarian needs in multiple states and regions in Myanmar.
Seasonal flooding and increased cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) have worsened pre-existing vulnerabilities, particularly for children and women.
Against this backdrop, nearly 230,000 people were provided with life-saving WASH supplies and services. Among them, 163,210 people (including displaced and conflict affected people) received clean drinking water.
The funding gap of 88 per cent against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal impacts UNICEF’s capacity to deliver life-saving assistance to millions of children and their families. In the current volatile context, with deepening needs and surging displacement, flexible, predictable, sufficient and timely funding is even more critical.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is dire and continues to deteriorate as fighting escalates across the country.
More than 3.2 million people have been displaced, including about 600,000 displaced within first half of 2024 (compared to the 345,000 displaced in the first half of 2023). One third of the population – 18.6 million people – including six million children, are in need of humanitarian assistance.
Escalating attacks and clashes have displaced more than 1.2 million people in Sagaing Region, more than 775,000 people in the south-east, and more than 300,000 people in Rakhine state.
About 40 per cent of all displaced people are children. Food insecurity is on the rise, with 13.3 million people, almost a quarter of the population, estimated to be facing high acute food insecurity (phase 3 or above) with 2.7 million in phase 4.4 More than one million children under the age of five have missed basic immunization in recent years and are at greater risk of catching vaccine preventable diseases, while 5.6 million people require urgent access to WASH services.
Children are bearing the heaviest burden of unabating violence, grave violations, mass displacement and the near collapse of critical health and education systems. It is reported that forced recruitment, the enforcement of conscription law, and telecommunication blockages in some conflict and disaster-affected areas impacted the availability and capacity of humanitarian partners. Access restrictions and funding shortages are major barriers to the delivery of life-saving assistance to millions of conflict-affected children and their families..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-08-15
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
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"Sources: CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees.....Format
Infographic..."
Source/publisher:
CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-08-11
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-12
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health
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"Sources: CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees.....Format:
Infographic..."
Source/publisher:
CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-08-11
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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777.72 KB
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"Format: Infographic..."
Source/publisher:
CCCM Cluster, UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of publication:
2024-08-05
Date of entry/update:
2024-08-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Sub-title:
“ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်) လျှောက်ထားနိုင်မည့်ကာလ ရက်တိုးမြှင့်ကြောင်း အသိပေးကြေညာချက်”
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၈/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၆ ခု၊ ဝါဆိုလဆုတ် ၆ ရက်
(၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇူလိုင်လ ၂၆ ရက်)
“ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်)
လျှောက်ထားနိုင်မည့်ကာလ ရက်တိုးမြှင့်ကြောင်း အသိပေးကြေညာချက်”
၂၀၂၄ - ၂၀၂၅ ပညာသင်နှစ်၊ ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်) လျှောက်ထားနိုင်မည့်ကာလသည် ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ (၂၇) ရက် မှ ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇူလိုင်လ (၂၇) ရက်နေ့အထိ ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
သို့သော် မြေပြင်အခြေအနေများ၊ သက်ဆိုင်ရာပညာရေးအစုအဖွဲ့များ၏ ညှိနှိုင်းပန်ကြားချက်များ၊ မိဘပြည်သူများ၏ အကြံပြုပန်ကြားချက်များအရ အကြောင်းအမျိုးမျိုးကြောင့် တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် လျှောက်ထားကြရန် ကျန်ရှိနေသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ကျောင်းသူများအတွက် ဤ ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်) လျှောက်ထားနိုင်မည့်ကာလကို ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ သြဂုတ်လ (၃) ရက်၊ မြန်မာစံတော်ချိန် ည (၁၂:၀၀) နာရီအထိ တိုးမြှင့်သတ်မှတ် လက်ခံပေးမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း အသိပေး ကြေညာအပ်ပါသည်။
သို့ဖြစ်ပါ၍ ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများသည် ၂၀၂၄ - ၂၀၂၅ ပညာသင်နှစ်၊ ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ် များ၏ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်လမ်းညွှန် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်) (ဇွန်လ၊ ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်) တွင်ဖော်ပြပါရှိသော တက္ကသိုလ်အလိုက် ဝင်ခွင့်ခေါ်ယူသည့် အကြောင်းအရာ၊ အချက်အလက်အသေးစိတ်တို့ကို ကြိုတင်လေ့လာပြီး သတ်မှတ်ချက်များနှင့်အညီ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် အချိန်မီ တင်သွင်းလျှောက်ထားကြပါရန် တိုက်တွန်းအပ်ပါသည်။.....
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-26
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59.23 KB
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"Ethnic Liberation Movements Symbolize Collapse of Military Dictatorship, Says NUG Acting President.....NUG Prime Minister Urges Effective Use of Tax Revenue for Revolution......NUG Vows Justice for Martyrs, Promises to
Punish Junta Leaders.....NUG Launches Investigation into
Teenager’s Death in Sagaing Region.....Over 7,300 Women Killed During
Spring Revolution, NUG Reports.....Over 830 Children Killed During Spring Revolution, NUG Reports.....NUG Ministry Urges Preparations for Urban Warfare and Military Escalation.....NUG Defence Minister Visits Kawlin District to Boost Morale......NUG Ready to Cooperate with Thailand on Migrant Worker Issues.....Military Affairs Summary for Third Week of July, 2024..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-07-22
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-22
Grouping:
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5.69 MB
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Description:
"Weekly Update of National Unity Government ( 30 / 2024 )..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-07-22
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-22
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5.6 MB
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Description:
"1. Introduction.....
Villagers in Southeast Burma (Myanmar)[1] have been fighting for the right to teach and learn in accordance with their own culture for many decades, as Karen culture has been subjected to control and suppression by the Burma Army and government. Since the 2021 coup,[2] this situation has escalated, and Southeast Burma is facing a dire education crisis, where the rights of children are violated, schools are unsafe, and gross violations of human rights and humanitarian law are impacting every aspect of villagers’ lives. Children in locally-defined Karen State[3] need safe spaces to learn and access to quality education, parents and villagers need support to be able to sustain their children’s schooling, and communities and local leaders need help in their efforts to set up safe study centres.
This briefing paper presents evidence documented from June 2023 to February 2024, the most recent academic year in Burma, outlining the different challenges faced by villagers during the ongoing conflict, and the effects on education in Southeast Burma. The first section provides a brief overview of the situation of the right to education in the region before the 2021 coup, and the violations that have increased since then. The second section presents testimonies regarding the lack of access to education, as well as the challenges and risks that villagers face by attempting to address educational needs in their communities. The third section provides a security and legal analysis of the situation, as well as a set of policy recommendations for local and international stakeholders......
2. Contextual overview.....
Historical context: the situation of human rights in Burma
Human rights violations in Southeast Burma are directly linked to policies enacted by the Burma Army as early as the 1960s. One of these policies is the ‘four cuts strategy’, and its main purpose to destroy the links between insurgents, their families, and local villagers by cutting off food, funds, intelligence, and recruits to armed resistance groups.[4] Through this policy, the Burma Army has committed gross human rights abuses with total impunity against villagers in Karen State for decades, including threats, arrests, torture, indiscriminate firing of weapons, burning villages, destroying food, medical supplies and other property, restrictions to freedom of movement and forced relocation of civilian populations. Such violations may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity.
In some areas of Southeast Burma, the signing of the preliminary Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA)[5] in 2015 resulted in an improvement in the human rights and economic situation. These included freedom of movement, increased livelihood opportunities, a heightened sense of security and safety, access to education, and freedom expression. However, villagers in Southeast Burma still faced travel restrictions, physical punishments and landmine contamination.[6] These improvements were also perceived by many Karen villagers as a means of Burmanisation.[7] For instance, there were more schools in mixed-control areas, but the curriculum taught often did not include the Karen language or Karen cultural education. Until 2014, teaching ethnic minority languages in schools was prohibited across Burma; demonstrating the use of education as a central tool in nation-building.[8]
Education system(s) in Southeast Burma
Before the 2021 coup, there were two primary types of formal education systems in Southeast Burma: schools under the Burma government administration; and schools under the Karen National Union (KNU)[9], administered by the Karen Education and Culture Department (KECD).[10] The KECD was founded in 1956 due to the Burma Army’s continuous practice of Burmanisation, with the purpose of preserving the cultural identity of the Karen peoples.[11] The main focus of the KECD curriculum has been on Karen language, culture, history and traditions.[12]
Between the 2015 NCA and the first year after the 2021 coup, there were five types of schools operating in locally-defined Karen State: (1) KECD schools; (2) Burma government schools; (3) self-funded/private schools; (4) religious schools; and (5) schools under cooperative administration between the Burma government and local KNU authorities, with mixed curriculums. In the latter, management roles were typically filled by Burma government teachers and the teaching of Karen language and history was limited.
Access to education since the 2021 coup
Since the 2021 coup orchestrated by the Burma Army and the establishment of the State Administration Council (SAC)[13], systematic human rights abuses have increased in Karen State, affecting civilians’ lives. Pressing amongst villagers’ challenges is access to education. The COVID-19 pandemic already forced many schools to close their doors.[14] Since the 2021 coup, schools have been constantly attacked, and because of this, many could not re-open or had to close down. Schools remain under threat of attacks and destruction as a result of the ongoing armed conflict and generalised violence. In addition, the recently enacted 2010 People’s Military Service Law on February 10th 2024 caused hundreds of young people in Karen State to flee their homes under threat of forced recruitment, in essence also interrupting their education.[15]
Since the 2021 coup, there are only four different types of schools for children and youths in Southeast Burma, and two different curriculums: (1) KECD schools; (2) SAC-run schools; (3) self-funded/private schools; and (4) religious schools. There are no more schools under cooperative administration. The first, third and fourth types of schools are located in KNU territory, apply the KECD curriculum, are granted recognition from KNU, and do not have the SAC’s recognition. The second type of school can be found in SAC and mixed-control territories (mostly in towns), apply the SAC curriculum, and operate without any cooperation with the other types of schools.
3. Factual summary: challenges to accessing education in locally-defined Karen State and community responses
“Based on the situation, we understand that the SAC is doing these acts [attacks to schools] in order to stop children from accessing education. So, we told the students to try their best to get an education, to prepare ourselves not to face problems [in the future due to not having attended school].”
- Naw[16] A---, vice-principal of a community self-funded school, from Ca--- village, Noh T’Kaw village tract,[17] Noh T’Kaw (Kyainsiekgyi) Township, Dooplaya District.
The 2021 coup has caused dramatic disruptions to education and adversely affected the learning opportunities of students in Southeast Burma. This section presents the main challenges to the local community’s right to education, documented by KHRG during the reporting period (June 2023 to February 2024), as well as villagers’ efforts to overcome them. During the reporting period, KHRG received 64 field reports on the difficulties to access education faced by villagers in all seven districts in Karen State.[18] At least nine attacks on schools were documented by KHRG, with 22 students and two teachers injured, and three students killed.[19] According to KECD data, during the reporting period seven KECD administered schools were destroyed by armed attacks, 13 students and three teachers were injured, and five students and one school committee member were killed.[20]
The challenges to access education, as reported by villagers, are: (1) lack of security and safety in schools, causing injury and death of students and destruction of buildings; (2) the SAC´s encroachment on government schools, spurring contested education systems; (3) attacks against caregivers and family economic hardships; and (4) protracted displacement of villagers. Nevertheless, community members and parents try their best to ensure their children’s schooling, and apply local agency strategies to respond to the education crisis.
i. Lack of security and safety at school
Children spend most of their time at school, an environment that should be safe for students.[21] Physical and mental safety and security are fundamental needs for children to study, and for teachers to teach. However, throughout the reporting period, students in Southeast Burma studied in fear of the increased number of SAC attacks against villages, causing the destruction of school property, and injuries and death of students and teachers. Therefore, many parents stop registering children for school. Some villagers choose a place they assume safest, setting up formal and informal study areas, including in the forest, livestock huts, in religious buildings, or in villagers’ houses. A community member from Dwe Lo Township, Mu Traw (Hpapun) District reported: “Most schools in Mu Traw [District] opened in the forest, in fear of air strikes, and many students withdrew from school. Since the [2021] coup, I have witnessed the students in Dwe Lo Township having to study in the forest, in fear of the SAC’s indiscriminate shelling and air strikes […]. Some withdrew from school due to the fear of SAC attacks.”
The operation of schools depends on the ever-changing nature of the conflict. Some schools, especially those in KNU-administered territory, open when the situation gets marginally more secure, and immediately close when villagers learn that SAC soldiers are approaching their villages. Many schools, however, have not been able to open since the 2021 coup. Naw G---, a villager from Ch--- village, an area affected by school closures in Nga Ton Kin village tract, Moo (Mone) Township, Kler Lwee Htoo (Nyaunglebin) District, expressed:
“If she [her older daughter] wants to continue studying, there is no grade [high school] for her here [in the nearby area]. My two younger children can go to school if the school opens. But the school is not open so I cannot do anything.”
The unpredictability and severity of SAC attacks have left villagers, including children, with deep psychological impacts. Naw D---, a mother who witnessed an SAC air strike in Cd--- village, Pay Kay village tract, Lu Thaw Township, testified:
“It [the air strike] happened when I was going to my farm to get some paddy. […] It was the time [of the day] when, normally, people who stay at home are women with their young children, because other villagers are going to their farms and plantations. Therefore, there were only women and young children hiding in their bunkers during the air strike. The bombs almost hit the bunker, so when the children and women who were there [in the bunker] got out, one child did not speak for about three days, and his/her mother became deaf in one ear. […] After the air strike, students did not feel secure to go to school anymore, because one of the bombs from the aircraft also landed close to the school.”
Due to the increase in military activities following SAC shelling and air strikes, more safety and security concerns were raised by communities in Southeast Burma. Most schools in the seven districts of locally-defined Karen State, especially schools under KECD administration, had to end the 2023-2024 study year in the first week of February 2024, a month earlier than expected.
Injuries and death of students and teachers
During the reporting period (June 2023 to February 2024), there was an increase of SAC shelling and air strikes against schools and villages, causing injury and death of students and teachers in Southeast Burma. For instance, on June 14th 2023, the SAC shelled mortar rounds into Ci--- community high school, Htaw Ta Htoo (Htantabin) Township, Taw Oo (Toungoo) District, and one mortar round landed on a girls’ dormitory. As a result, three girls from different villages who stayed at the school dormitory were injured. The three injured girls are Naw I--- (16 years old), injured on her head; Naw J--- (14 years old), injured on her forehead; and Naw K--- (15 years old), injured on the left wrist. They were sent to Ci--- clinic for medical treatment, and they had to buy more medical supplies from Taw Oo Town as the clinic did not have enough.
On October 13th 2023, SAC Military Operations Command (MOC)[22] #12, Light Infantry Battalions(LIBs)[23] #230 and #231, and Infantry Battalion (IB)[24] #97 shelled mortars into Cj--- village, T’Tah Koo (Ta Tan Ku) village tract, Kaw T’Ree (Kawkareik) Township, Dooplaya District. One mortar round landed in a school building, and shrapnel from the explosion killed a six-year-old student named Naw L---, and injured three students, Naw M--- (12 years old), Naw N--- (16 years old), and Ma[25] O--- (six years old). Similarly, on January 30th 2024, the SAC shelled around Ck--- village, T’Naw Th’Ree (Tanintharyi) Township, Mergui-Tavoy District, and one of the mortar rounds landed in the school campus. The explosion damaged school buildings and villagers’ houses, and injured a teacher, Daw[26] P--- (40 years old), on her arm. A 15-year-old student injured in another shelling incident in Cl--- village, Ha T’Reh village tract, Hpa-an Township, Doo Tha Htoo (Thaton) District, named Saw[27] Q---, expressed his feelings to KHRG: “They [teachers and friends] worried about us because I cannot travel [because of my injuries] and [we] did not meet each other [during our medical treatment]. […] I feel sad [because of the injury]. […] If we are hit [by shrapnel] again in the future, we will not be able to handle it anymore. May they [the SAC] not come [to our village] again.”[28]
On September 7th 2023, the SAC conducted an air strike on Ce--- village, in Nah Koh Hkee village tract, Dwe Lo Township, Mu Traw District. 11 bombs were dropped, with some landing in the village KECD school, killing and injuring students, villagers and teachers, and destroying school buildings. The school principal, Saw E---, emotionally expressed his concerns:
“Several students and one teacher sustained injuries [from the air strike]. […] Two students died and six students were injured. In total, 10 people were injured […] I have major concerns [as the school principal] because people [villagers] trusted us [the school] and allowed their children to come to school to access education. Due to this incident, I am facing deep anxiety and depression from this brutal experience; I cannot do anything now, I just try to calm myself [psychologically], but my tears run down my face when I pass the [incident] place. I think about it every day.”
A father of a student who died from this air strike, Saw R---, from Cm--- village, Nah Koh Hkee village tract, Dwe Lo Township, testified:
“After shrapnel hit my son, the KECD head [township coordinator] informed me about it, and then I immediately went to see my injured son. I talked to him and he told me ‘Dad! I was hit by the aircraft and I think I am going to die.’ I told him, ‘You will not die. Stay strong in your heart.’ There is no health worker in our village. We live in a rural area so it is hard to access healthcare. He passed away on the way to the clinic, while we were carrying him in a hammock. […] After the incident, fathers, mothers and children were crying. I was also crying because it made me feel devastated. We have to be cautious.”
Destruction of school property
The destruction of school buildings, teaching and study materials, dormitory buildings, materials for water supply and other facilities counted as school property are other factors affecting education, students’ behaviour, and their engagement in learning. The SAC’s attacks, such as the deliberate use of schools as military posts during fighting,[29] shelling and air strikes in areas where schools are located have resulted in extensive destruction and damage of school property.
On March 23rd 2024, at about 10 pm, an air strike was conducted by the SAC onto Cn--- village, Khaw Hpoh Pleh village tract, Bilin Township, Doo Tha Htoo District, while villagers were displaced in the forest. Two SAC aircrafts dropped about 12 bombs on the village, including the village’s KECD school campus. Two of the bombs did not explode, adding to the unexploded ordinance (UXO) contamination in the community. The exploded bombs destroyed seven villagers’ houses, the village school’s four buildings and the monastery buildings.
The destruction of school property caused major concerns, for parents, teachers and local leaders, regarding children’s access to education, as the school buildings would have to be rebuilt for the coming academic year. The KECD school principal, Naw T--- from Cn--- village, testified:
“I saw three bombs land in the school campus. […] All four school buildings were destroyed by the air strike. […] I am sad to see the destruction of my school and worry that children will not be able to go to school. […] I do not know how to describe my feelings of extreme fear. My whole heart breaks when I see the destroyed school. I cannot do anything now. […] School buildings are important and construction prices are high. We will have to clear [the debris of the buildings in] the school campus and we do not know whether any people can help build it for us.”
Saw R---, the father of the 14-year-old student killed by an SAC air strike in Ce--- village, Na Koh Hkee village tract, expressed:
“Next week, we will have to build shelters for students to hide, and they will be able to study [there]. We will do it to protect the children from Min Aung Hlaing’s [SAC] attacks. School committee members have already searched a place for the school. We will also build a shelter for teachers and students.”
ii. Contested education systems and the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)
During the reporting period, many Burma government schools, controlled by the SAC since the 2021 coup, could not continue to run in KNU territory and in some mixed control areas in Southeast Burma, because many students refused to go to SAC administered schools and parents refused to enrol their children. A high number of teachers also joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)[30], despite threats of arrest, detention, torture and killing by the SAC.
For instance, after the 2021 coup, parents in Ca--- village, Noh T’Kaw village tract, Noh T’Kaw Township, Dooplaya District, refused to register their children at the SAC-run schools, and transformed Ca--- village school into a community self-funded school. In 2023, SAC Light Infantry Division (LID)[31] #22 and LIB #557 came to Ca--- village three times and ordered villagers to open the high school and their school buildings. The SAC soldiers also asked for student registration information. Villagers were told by SAC soldiers and teachers working under the SAC administration that if villagers did not teach in this school, the SAC would identify Ca--- village as not having a school. Villagers also saw a message written on a whiteboard in the school that said: ‘We will attack all people who rely on PDF [People’s Defence Force][32] and KNU!’. Villagers assumed it was written by the SAC soldiers. For the 2023-2024 academic year, some teachers working under the SAC administration also came to Ca--- village to open an SAC-run high school, intending to finish the year’s curricula within three months. These teachers also requested to stay in the village and villagers warned them about being unable to take responsibility for their security. Village leaders allowed them to start the school, but no parents and students went to the school for registration. Villagers continued to open self-funded high schools for the 2023-2024 academic year, in the village houses, with more than 200 students studying in them. Naw A---, the vice-principal of a self-funded school, stated: “We decided not to go to SAC-run schools until the SAC withdraws [transfers power to civilians].”
Since February 1st 2022, the KNU administration in Mu Traw District repeatedly warned public servants under Burma government administration to stop working for the SAC and leave Bu Tho Township, Mu Traw District.[33] In addition, students, parents and teachers themselves contested the SAC administration, and the SAC completely stopped all activities related to education in Bu Tho Township. Some schools started to adopt the KECD education curriculum in the 2023-2024 academic year. In Hpapun Town, there are currently only KECD schools in operation, and two self-funded schools also teaching the KECD curriculum have been opened for children to access education. Some schools use both the KECD curriculum and the curriculum taught under the previous National League for Democracy (NLD)[34] government, as many CDM teachers are not familiar with the KECD curriculum.
This situation is similar in other districts. A KECD administrator from Ta Kreh (Paingkyon) Township, Hpa-an District, named Saw B---, explained: “The number of students largely increased in the 2023-2024 academic year [in KECD schools]. For example, we had about 160 students in [one high school] in 2022-2023, and we have about 250 students this year (2023-2024). This happened because of the political situation and the armed conflict in Burma. People from regions such as the [Irrawaddy] Delta region and other districts do not want to be under the SAC administration.”[35] In response to the armed conflict, local villagers and leaders in Hsaw Htee (Shwegyin) Township, Kler Lwee Htoo District, also set up temporary schools in the forests, far from SAC operation areas, so that many students could access education and so that schools could finish the academic year by the end of February 2024.
iii. Attacks to caregivers and family economic hardships
The injury or death of guardians greatly impact children’s access to education. Since the 2021 coup, many children have dropped out of school due to the SAC military attacks against villagers, such as shelling, air strikes, arbitrary arrests, and enforced disappearances, which impact parents’ capabilities to provide for the family. When parents die, are injured, or arrested, children will often drop out of school to support the family’s livelihood.
For instance, in Cb--- village, T’Nay village tract, Dwe Lo Township, Mu Traw District, after the main breadwinner of a family was forcibly disappeared by the SAC in August 2023, some of the victim’s children had to drop out from school. The father-in-law of the disappeared victim, named U[36] C---, also a survivor of enforced disappearance himself, told KHRG:
“My son-in-law also disappeared. He was arrested by Burmese [SAC] soldiers and hasn’t come back. He has young kids who cannot work yet. I am also getting older and can’t work well, as I have an illness. […] He was arrested before my incident. […] He has been detained for around 4 months already. […] She [U C---’s daughter] has been facing challenges as she cannot work properly. With insufficient financial income, she couldn’t send her kids to school. But she has tried hard so she could send four of her kids to school this year. However, in the next year, I think she will not be able to do it anymore. She said she will let two of her children, who were in Grade-4 [primary school], drop out of school next year. She always lights candles for her husband but he hasn’t returned.”
Despite such attacks, parents or guardians continue to take the primary role and responsibilities in their full capacity to provide for their children’s access to education. For instance, parents and guardians are playing a role in finding safe places for lessons to take place, undertaking construction of school buildings, recruiting teachers from villages, providing support for teachers (with money, crops or livestock), purchasing school supplies, and taking their children to school. For instance, a mother named Naw D--- from Cd--- village, a conflict-affected area with KECD schools in Pay Kay village tract, Lu Thaw Township, Mu Traw District, testified:
“It is working [harvesting] time so it is hard to displace ourselves [even if there are air strikes]. We had to collect T’la aw leaves[37] [to make thatch shingles for] the school roof, and we have to do everything [for the school] by ourselves. Last year, the school also had to close [due to the armed conflict] so my youngest child could not sit for the final exam [of the academic year]. […] We currently must stop classes. After working [harvesting season], I think we should start the school [again]; we have to try so the school will be able to open again.”
Saw E---, one of the principals of a community school receiving partial support from KECD, in Ce--- village, a conflict-affected area in Nah Koh Hkee village tract, Dwe Lo Township, Mu Traw District, also reported:
“We face a lot of difficulties to look for hidden and safe places. We do not have any supplies for the [school] construction during the rain [season]. Children are also living in fear... Everything is challenging. […] We had prepared a bunker [at the school] for students, but these [SAC bombs] are huge, so the bunker could not protect us... My younger sibling [who was a student] died in the bunker. […] I plan to meet with the Township’s KECD staff, local social support groups and village tract leaders to arrange a hidden [safer] place for the [relocation of the] school, but it will take some time [to arrange]. […] We received some school supplies [from KECD], but not enough.”
iv. Education in displacement settings
The increase in SAC attacks after the 2021 coup, including shelling, air strikes, fighting in (or nearby) villages, landmine contamination, attacks on civilians, arrests, house burnings, armed presence in villages and other human rights violations against communities in Southeast Burma contributed directly to an increase in displacement.[38] Displacement has caused major barriers for children and youth to access education because of a lack of available schools close to the displacement areas. In addition, with teachers and students having also fled to different places, several displaced families could not find teachers for their children.
Some instances of displacement happened after villagers experienced or anticipated attacks on their villages. Many times, villagers had to flee for their lives during attacks. School buildings close while villagers are displaced, and only open when the situation improves. During the reporting period, some schools could not re-open due to the SAC’s ongoing attacks, like shelling, or the ongoing threat of such attacks. One village leader, Saw U---, from Co--- village, Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo (Thaton) Township, Doo Tha Htoo District, testified: “[In December 2023,] students fled to different places, and they cannot go to school anymore. No villager feels safe to stay in the village, so how can students go to school?” Another villager, Naw V---, from Cp--- village, Noh Taw Pla village tract, Noh T’Kaw Township, Dooplaya District, explained to KHRG: “Villagers cannot predict when they will be able to open the school, we assume there might be skirmishes in the future because we received information that the SAC will come again.”. Naw V---’s community had been displaced by the SAC shelling into Cp--- village on July 11th 2023..
Local villagers and community leaders try their best to give their children and youth access to education during longer displacement periods. Some villagers set up temporary learning places in forests, farm huts, cow/buffalo sheds, and any places where teachers and students flee to, but villagers in many areas have been unable to set up such places. For instance, on July 20th 2023, SAC Artillery Unit #401 and LIBs #404 and #410 shelled mortar rounds into Ma Htaw, Htee Th’Bluh Hta and K’Ter Tee village tracts in Dwe Lo Township, Mu Traw District. Therefore, many villagers from these village tracts had to flee to their farms, plantations, or to the forest, and set up schools in these displacement areas so their children could attend lessons. Saw F---, a Cq--- villager, in Ma Htaw village tract, explained:
“In my village in Mu Traw District, students cannot study in schools because of the armed conflict, so they have to study in the forest and in bunkers, or they have to run into the bunker [from the school] when SAC aircraft come. You may also see this situation on social media. I witnessed this situation myself [in 2023].”
As of September 2023, there were about 2,691 internally displaced persons (IDPs) from 45 villages from Ler Muh Lah Township in three displacement sites located in P’Law area, Ler Muh Lah Township, Mergui-Tavoy District. These villagers have been displaced since the start of the 2021 coup, due to ongoing fighting, shelling and air strikes by the SAC, house burnings and landmine contamination in their communities. In the displacement sites, communities have set up schools, partially supported by local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs), so that many internally displaced children can access primary education during their displacement period. However, children from families who have been displaced to forests or separated from their community often face greater difficulties accessing education, since there is higher uncertainty and fewer resources.
Some youth and children fled to other places with no active conflict in order to have access to education, and some of them crossed into Thailand to seek education in migrant schools along the border. A displaced 15-year-old student, Naw W---, from Cs--- village, Kaw Nweh village tract, Kaw T’Ree Township, in Dooplaya District, expressed: “I wouldn’t have reached my goals if I had stayed behind. If I followed my uncle [crossing the Thai-Burma border], I may get to work, save up money and finally go to school again. That was my hope [fleeing to Thailand].” As of May 2024, she successfully enrolled in Cw---, a migrant school located along the Thai-Burma border, with the support of a local human rights organisation.
Similarly, Naw T---, the Cn--- school principal in Khaw Hpoh Pleh village tract, Bilin Township, Doo Tha Htoo District, also explained: “Students who finish Standard Eight [Grade-10][39] from our school go to further their education in Mae Sot or Mae La Camp [in Thailand], or in schools in other villages like Ct---, Cu--- and Cv---. Some students help their parents by working for their family’s livelihood.”
4. Analysis: security and legal implications of SAC attacks on education
Threats and challenges to accessing education in Southeast Burma have been cause for concern long before the 2021 coup. For decades, villagers have been subjected to a system of Burmanisation, enacted through the Burma government’s school curriculums that have disregarded local language and alienated ethnic minorities. In 2020, COVID-19 forced schools to close, often for indefinite periods. As of today, the constant attacks on villages committed by the State Administration Council (SAC) since the 2021 coup, such as shelling, air strikes, arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearance, forced labour and torture, have caused inter alia loss of life, extreme fear for villagers and their children, and increased levels of forced displacement. During the reporting period of June 2023 to February 2024, multiple and intersecting challenges to education caused by the SAC were documented, including increased military presence; military attacks on schools, such as shelling and bombings; attacks on caregivers; families’ economic struggles; and attacks on those who joined the Civil Disobedience Movement. While displaced, villagers also faced multiple difficulties to organise lessons and ensure that their children’s schooling remained uninterrupted.
Despite the constant danger to their lives, villagers remain committed to safeguarding their children’s access to quality education that promotes the preservation of their cultural identity. Villagers, including students, parents, local leaders, and organisations, have played a significant role in securing their access to education. They have found safe places for education to take place, set up improvised schools in formal and informal displacement sites, re-built destroyed/damaged schools, recruited teachers to deliver ethnic curricula and provided them with support, found school supplies and arranged for students to attend schools in safer areas, including in Thailand. Villagers in Southeast Burma are determined, despite the direst of circumstances, to strive for a future where access to education can be guaranteed for the next generations.
The right to education is enshrined in multiple human rights instruments, including Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); Article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); and Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).[40] Burma has ratified both the CRC and the ICESCR. General Comment 13 on Article 13 of the ICESCR stresses the importance of the right to education as ‘both a human right in itself and an indispensable means of realizing other human rights’.[41] It is the responsibility of States to ensure that the right to education is respected,[42] and to respect the rights, duties and responsibilities of parents or caretakers to provide for their children.[43] The continuous attacks perpetrated by the SAC on schools, set out in this report, constitute clear systemic violations of the right to education in Southeast Burma.
The right to education is interlinked with other human rights, including the right to freedom from discrimination and the right to cultural life. The CRC states that ‘the education of the child shall be directed to […] the development of respect for the child’s parents, his or her own cultural identity, language and values’.[44] In particular, States have responsibility to provide minorities with ‘adequate opportunities to learn their mother tongue or to have instruction in their mother tongue’[45], and to ‘take measures in the field of education, in order to encourage knowledge of the history, traditions, language and culture of the minorities existing within their territory’.[46] Since the 2021 coup, the SAC has pressured students to attend SAC-administered schools, in violation of the principle of non-discrimination.[47]
In 2021, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 2601, calling on states to ‘safeguard, protect, respect, and promote the right to education, including in armed conflict’, reaffirming ‘its contribution to the achievement of peace and security’ and emphasizing ‘the invaluable role that education has for individuals and society’.[48] Resolution 2601 strongly condemns ‘the continued attacks as well as threats of attacks that are in contravention of international humanitarian law against schools and civilians connected with schools’ and urges all parties to armed conflict ‘to immediately cease such attacks […] and to refrain from actions that impede access to education’. Three years on, education remains adversely affected in Karen State, where schools are either closed, targeted, or destroyed.
Under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), the principle of distinction[49] expressly prohibits any attacks against civilians and civilian objects, such as schools, in the conduct of hostilities. Schools are recognised as institutions that accommodate and tend to the needs of children. Attacks on schools adversely impact children, who are entitled to special respect and protection under international law.[50] The attacks on schools set out in this report demonstrate clear violations of international humanitarian law, both in targeting schools as civilian objects and by failing to take measures to protect civilians, including children.
Under International Criminal Law (ICL), intentionally directing attacks against protected objects such as schools may constitute a war crime under Article 8(2)(e)(iv) of the Rome Statute,[51] providing the attack was conducted in the context of a non-international armed conflict, and the perpetrator of the attack intentionally targeted such protected building(s). The SAC attacks on schools, children, teachers and communities, as set out in this report, show clear and systematic disregard to the rights of children, civilians and civilian objects, to an extent which may amount to the commission of war crimes.
5. Recommendations
For regional and foreign governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and civil society and community-based organisations (CSOs/CBOs):
Acknowledge that the military junta is the cause of the current human rights and humanitarian crisis, and refrain from giving legitimacy to the junta, including by signing agreements with it and presenting it with credentials. Support and broaden the scope of international investigations to include human rights violations against the Karen people, and hold the State Administration Council (SAC) accountable for its crimes against civilians in Burma by prosecuting SAC leaders in international courts, including the International Criminal Court (ICC), and through universal jurisdiction proceedings. Implement further coordinated and strategic sanctions against the SAC officials, aviation fuel as well as arms and ammunition suppliers to weaken the junta’s ability to fund its campaigns and attacks on civilians. Provide humanitarian assistance to conflict-affected areas, including funding for educational supplies, temporary learning spaces, and psychological support for students and teachers in Southeast Burma. This support should be delivered through local civil society and community-based organisations (CSO/CBOs) and ethnic service providers.....Footnotes:
[1] In 1989, the then-ruling military regime changed the name of the country from Burma to Myanmar without consultation from the people. KHRG prefers the use of Burma because it is more typically used by villagers, and since the name change to Myanmar is reflective of the military regime’s longstanding abuse of power.
[2] On February 1st 2021, the Burma Army (or Tatmadaw) deposed the democratically elected government led by the National League for Democracy (NLD), transferred power to Min Aung Hlaing, the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar’s Armed Forces, and invalidated the NLD’s landslide victory in the November 2020 General Election.
[3] Karen State, defined locally, includes the following areas: Kayin State, Tanintharyi Region and parts of Mon State and Bago Region. Karen State, located in Southeastern Burma, is primarily inhabited by ethnic Karen people. Most of the Karen population resides in the largely rural areas of Southeast Burma, living alongside other ethnic groups,including Bamar, Shan, Mon and Pa’O.
[4] KHRG, Undeniable: War crimes, crimes against humanity and 30 years of villagers’ testimonies in rural Southeast Burma, December 2022.
[5] On October 15th 2015, after a negotiation process marred with controversy over the non-inclusion of several ethnic armed groups, a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) was signed between the Burma government and eight of the fifteen ethnic armed groups originally invited to the negotiation table, including the Karen National Union (KNU). It was followed by the adoption of a Code of Conduct by the signatories in November 2015. In February 2018, two additional armed ethnic groups signed the NCA under pressure from the Burma government.
[6] KHRG, Dreaming of Home, Hoping for Peace: Protracted Displacement in Southeast Myanmar, May 2019.
[7] A term used by ethnic minority groups to describe the assimilation policy implemented by the Burmese government to assimilate non-Burman/Bamar ethnic groups into Burman/Bamar. See KHRG, Minorities under Threat, Diversity in Danger: Patterns of Systemic Discrimination in Southeast Myanmar, November 2020.
[8] KHRG, Beyond the Horizon: Local Perspectives on Peace, Justice and Accountability in Southeast Myanmar, September 2019.
[9] The Karen National Union (KNU) is the main Karen political organisation. It was established in 1947 and has been in conflict with the government since 1949. The KNU wields power across large areas of Southeast Myanmar and has been calling for the creation of a democratic federal system since 1976. Although it signed the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) in 2015, following the 2021 coup staged by Burma Army leaders, the KNU officially stated that the NCA has become void.
[10] The Karen Education and Culture Department is the education department of the Karen National Union. Its main goals are to provide mother tongue education services to rural Karen populations in Southeast Myanmar, as well as to preserve the Karen language, culture and history. Despite being an important education provider in the region, it is not officially recognised by the Myanmar government.
[11] KECD, ‘About KECD’, available at: https://kecdktl.org/about-kecd/ [Retrieved June 2024]
[12] Unpublished interview with KECD staff member, conducted on May 2024.
[13] The State Administration Council (SAC) is the executive governing body created in the aftermath of the February 1st 2021 military coup. It was established by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing on February 2nd 2021, and is composed of eight military officers and eight civilians. The chairperson serves as the de facto head of government of Myanmar and leads the Military Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the government. Min Aung Hlaing assumed the role of SAC chairperson following the coup.
[14] KHRG, Denied and Deprived: Local communities confronting the humanitarian crisis and protection challenges in Southeast Burma, June 2022, pp.38-41.
[15] KHRG, “Statement of condemnation of the enactment of conscription law by the military junta in Burma/Myanmar”, March 2024. See also BBC, “Myanmar: Young people attempt to flee ahead of conscription order”, February 2024; The Irrawaddy, “Conscription Law Adds to Concerns Over Forced Migration From Myanmar to Thailand”, February 2024.
[16] ‘Naw’ is a S’gaw Karen female honorific title used before a person’s name.
[17] A village tract is an administrative unit of between five and 20 villages in a local area, often centred on a large village.
[18] All information included in this factual summary has been retrieved from KHRG unpublished documentation, unless cited otherwise. Published KHRG reports include the publication link in the footnotes.
[19] Moreover, from February 2021 until June 2024, at least 40 attacks on schools perpetrated by the SAC were identified by KHRG staff from various monitored sources, like news agencies and social media. Data per year is: from February to December 2021 – at least three incidents; 2022 – at least eight, 2023 – at least 18; and up to July 2024 – at least 11.
[20] The KECD is overseeing 1,467 Basic Education schools and 11 junior colleges across locally-defined Karen State as of the 2023/2024 academic year. Information obtained from an unpublished interview with KECD staff conducted on May 2024.
[21] United Nations Regional Information Centre (UNRIC), “The right to education”, available at: https://unric.org/en/the-right-to-education/
[22] Military Operations Command (MOC) is comprised of ten battalions for offensive operations. Most MOCs have three Tactical Operations Commands (TOCs) made up of three battalions each.
[23] A Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) comprises 500 soldiers. Most Light Infantry Battalions in the Tatmadaw are under-strength with less than 200 soldiers, yet up-to-date information regarding the size of battalions is hard to come by, particularly following the signing of the NCA. LIBs are primarily used for offensive operations, but they are sometimes used for garrison duties.
[24] An Infantry Battalion (Tatmadaw) comprises 500 soldiers. However, most Infantry Battalions in the Tatmadaw are under-strength with less than 200 soldiers. Yet up to date information regarding the size of battalions is hard to come by, particularly following the signing of the NCA. They are primarily used for garrison duty but are sometimes used in offensive operations.
[25] ‘Ma’ is a Burmese female honorific title used before a person’s name.
[26] ‘Daw’ is a Burmese female honorific title used before a person’s name.
[27] ‘Saw’ is a male honorific title in S’gaw Karen language used before a person’s name.
[28] See also KHRG, “Doo Tha Htoo District Situation Update: SAC shelling into villages in Tha Htoo Township, causing injuries and destruction (September 2022 to February 2023)”, March 2024, on the physical and mental trauma affecting children and their ability to study and go to school.
[29] See KHRG, “Kler Lwee Htoo District Incident Report: Villagers arrested as human shields, and shelling and looting by the SAC in Moo Township, March 2023”, October 2023.
[30] On February 2nd 2021, healthcare workers at state-run hospitals and medical facilities across Burma/Myanmar spearheaded what is being referred to as a Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) consisting of labour strikes in protest against the February 1st 2021 military coup. The movement quickly spread to include civil servants from all sectors of the government who are walking off their jobs as a way of non-recognition and nonparticipation in the military regime. Because of the popularity of the movement, and its seminal role in wider protests across the country, some people have begun using it as a catch-all phrase to include other protest forms like boycotts and pot-banging.
[31] A Light Infantry Division (LID) of the Tatmadaw is commanded by a brigadier general, and consists of ten light infantry battalions specially trained in counter-insurgency, jungle warfare, search and destroy operations against ethnic insurgents . They were first incorporated into the Tatmadaw in 1966. LIDs are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands, commanded by a colonel, three battalions each and one reserve, one field artillery battalion, one armoured squadron and other support units. Each division is directly under the command of the Chief of Staff (Army).
[32] The People’s Defence Force (PDF) is an armed resistance established independently as local civilian militias operating across the country. Following the February 1st 2021 military coup and the ongoing brutal violence enacted by the junta, the majority of these groups began working with the National Unity Government (NUG), a body claiming to be the legitimate government of Burma/Myanmar, which then formalized the PDF on May 5th 2021 as a precursor to a federal army.
[33] KIC News, “နယ်မြေအတွင်းရှိ စစ်ကောင်စီ ဌာနဆိုင်ရာဝန်ထမ်းများအားလုံး ထွက်ခွာပေးရန် နောက်ဆုံးသတိပေးချက် KNU တပ်မဟာ (၅) ထုတ်ပြန်”, February 2023.
[34] The National League for Democracy (NLD) is the political party that governed Burma from 2016 to January 2021. Led by Aung San Suu Kyi, the NLD won landslide victories in the 2015 and 2020 General Elections. The NLD government was deposed by the Burma Army in the February 2021 Burma coup d’état, after which elected President Win Myint and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi were detained, along with ministers, their deputies and members of Parliament.
[35] Unpublished interview with KECD staff conducted on May 2024.
[36] ‘U’ is a Burmese title used for elder men, used before their name.
[37] ‘T’la aw’ trees are teak-like trees with large leaves, which are traditionally collected by villagers and used to make thatched shingles for the roofs of houses.
[38] See KHRG, Denied and Deprived, above; KHRG, “Why would they target us?”: Exposing patterns of the Burma Army’s retaliatory abuses against villagers across Southeast Burma, June 2023.
[39] The KECD uses a nomenclature for school levels where high school runs from Grade 9 to Grade 12. The Burma government uses a different grading system, where levels are called ‘Standards’. In this system, Standard seven equals Grade 9, Standard eight equals Grade 10, Standard nine equals Grade 11, and Standard ten equals Grade 12.
[40] 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), Article 13, available at https://www.ohchr.org/; 2012 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration, Article 31(3), available at https://asean.org/
[41] General Comment 13 to the ICESCR, available at https://www.escr-net.org/resources/general-comment-13-right-education
[42] UNRIC, “The right to education”, above.
[43] 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Article 5, available at: https://www.ohchr.org
[44] 1989 CRC, Article 29(1)(c).
[45] 1992 Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, Article 4(3) (Declaration on the Rights of Minorities), available at: www.ohchr.org/
[46] 1992 Declaration on the Rights of Minorities, Article 4(4).
[47] 1948 UDHR, Article 2; 1989 CRC, Article 2; 1966 ICESCR, Article 2(2)
[48] United Nations Security Council Resolution 2601, October 2021.
[49] Rules 1 and 7 of the ICRC Rules on Customary International Humanitarian Law, available at: ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v1
[50] Rule 135 of the ICRC Rules on Customary International Humanitarian Law, above.
[51] 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 8(2)(e)(iv), available at: www.icc-cpi.int/ ..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group
Date of publication:
2024-07-10
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
History of education in Burma/Myanmar (general), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Children, Armed conflict in Burma - attacks on civilians
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Format :
pdf
Size:
2.72 MB
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Description:
"Highlights
• Protection concerns are on the rise with nearly 3.2 million people internally displaced. Ongoing conflict and seasonal flooding are exacerbating the already severe humanitarian needs.
• During the month of May, UNICEF and partners provided primary health care services to 46,117 women and children, and life-saving child protection services reached 66,483 people.
• Bimonthly maternal and child cash transfers have been made to 9,000 programme participants and 80,075 people received critical WASH supplies.
• Only 12 per cent of the funding against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal requirement has been received, impacting UNICEF’s capacity to deliver multisectoral humanitarian assistance to children and their families. Timely and sufficient funding is crucial to provide timely assistance, especially during the ongoing monsoon season
Funding Overview and Partnerships
UNICEF Myanmar Country Office has appealed for US$ 208.3 million in 2024 to address the needs of 3.1 million people, including an estimated 2.1 million children. As of 30 June 2024, UNICEF secured US$ 24.8 million (12 per cent of its appealed funding), comprising US$11.6 million received for the current year and US$13.2 million carried forward from the previous year.
This year, UNICEF has received generous funding support from the Government of Japan, the European Commission’s Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Department (DG ECHO), the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the Australian Committee for UNICEF, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), as well as internal allocations from global humanitarian thematic funding. UNICEF also acknowledges the contributions previously made by Australia’s DFAT, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), DG ECHO, the Government of Canada, the Government of Japan, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Government of Norway, the Royal Thai Government, the Czech Committee for UNICEF, the French Committee for UNICEF, and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), along with the CERF and the Myanmar Country-Based Pooled Fund. Moreover, UNICEF Myanmar received an internal loan from the Emergency Programme Fund to support the humanitarian response.
With these resources, UNICEF and its partners are delivering humanitarian services in nutrition, health, HIV/AIDS, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), education, child protection, gender-based violence in emergencies (GBViE), social protection and cash-based programming. UNICEF is also providing humanitarian leadership roles in the WASH Cluster, the Nutrition Cluster, the Child Protection Area of Responsibility (CP AoR), the Mine Action Area of Responsibility (MA AoR) and as co-lead of the Education Cluster and is strengthening protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), and social behaviour-change and accountability to affected populations. However, UNICEF’s capacity to deliver these services is severely limited by the funding gap of 88 per cent against the 2024 appeal. Without additional funding, targeted populations, especially children, will not be able to receive urgently needed assistance.
UNICEF continues its efforts to mobilize resources and expresses its sincere appreciation to all private and public sector donors for their contributions to supporting the children of Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Ongoing conflict continues to lead to further displacement across multiple parts of the country with nearly 3.2 million people internally displaced as of 24 June. This includes 93,500 people internally displaced since the end of May. The onset of monsoon has also led to increased needs with further population movements, and damage to infrastructure and increasing the risk of seasonal diseases.
The fighting in Rakhine state has been intensifying with heavy artillery shelling; 15 townships out of 17 are affected by clashes. In the northern part of the state, fighting has moved from Buthidaung to Maungdaw. In Sittwe, it is estimated that between 15,000 to 20,000 people from at least 35 villages were reportedly forced to move. According to the camp coordination and camp management cluster report, as of 20 June there are more than 300,000 newly displaced people across Rakhine. Humanitarian access is still restricted in most areas, although some agencies gained access to some monasteries to assess the needs of IDPs who are sheltering there.
In the northwest, intense fighting has been continuing with gunfire, artillery shelling and aerial attacks resulting in civilian casualties, with children reportedly killed and injured. Civilian properties and public infrastructure, including temporary learning spaces, have also been destroyed. The number of people displaced since 2021 exceeded 1.5 million2 by the end of June 2024, with an increase of nearly 200,000 IDPs since the beginning of 2024.
In Kachin, conflict between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and Kachin Independence Army and its allies continues to intensify in several townships. Fighting intensified in Bhamo, Hpakant, Mansi, Momauk, Myitkyina, Puta-O, Sumprabum, Tanai and Waingmaw townships and has displaced thousands of people. By mid-June, about 96,000 people had been newly displaced. Bhamo, Mansi, Momauk and Waingmaw townships are host to the highest numbers of newly displaced people. Some 84,400 people have already been in protracted camps for a decade. Road closures have led to a shortage of essential items, including food and fuel, as well as rocketing prices, particularly in Puta-O.
There was extensive flooding in Myitkyina on 30 June leading to infrastructure damage, and populations being displaced. Some roads are impassable, mobile networks are interrupted, and all flights cancelled as the airport was inaccessible. Most of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) living close to the river were relocated to other areas. An inter-agency needs assessment was planned as at end June. The risks of heavy rain, flood and cyclone are heightened during the monsoon season across the country and these disasters would seriously impact to already vulnerable population amid the escalating of conflict and crisis.
Armed conflicts between the MAF and ethnic armed organizations (EAO) persist, with frequent clashes reported in Pekhon, Pinlaung, Nyaung Shwe, Hsihseng townships in southern Shan and in Nawnghkio, Kyaukme and Hsipaw in northern Shan. By the end of June, there were more than 130,000 IDPs in southern Shan, more than 18,000 people in northern Shan (including more than 2,000 people in Nawnghkio) and more than 132,000 IDPs in Kayah state. Due to the recent conflict in northern Shan and in Pinlaung, the number of internally displaced people is expected to increase. However, in Hsihseng, the number of internally displaced people gradually returning to their places of origin is increasing. In Kayah state as well, some internally displaced people have voluntarily returned to their places of origin; primarily those who had been displaced to southern Shan.
Roads around Lashio in Shan state have been destroyed and tightening security is impacting the transportation of supplies. In addition, the number of landmine incidents is increasing in northern Shan, as well as in the Hsihseng and Pinlaung areas of southern Shan. Increased enforcement of the conscription law and recruitment activities by the MAF and EAOs have been reported. Humanitarian access in northern Shan and Kayah faces significant challenges and access to townships in southern Shan, particularly Hsihseng, Moebye, Phekon and some areas of Pinlaung township, are largely restricted.
According to recent monitoring of incidents involving landmines and explosive remnants of war in the first quarter of 2024, a total of 339 civilian casualties (29 per cent of them children) have been reported4 nationally. This figure represents 32 per cent of the total casualties reported in 2023 (1,052 reported). Shan state had the highest number of casualties (25 per cent of the overall total). Sagaing and Bago followed with 19 per cent and 12 per cent of the total, respectively. The remaining regions, Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Naypyitaw, Rakhine, Tanintharyi and Yangon, collectively accounted for the remaining 43 per cent of the total casualties..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Myanmar) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-07-10
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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571.63 KB
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Sub-title:
ဝမ်းနည်းကြောင်း သဝဏ်လွှာ
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၇/ ၂၀၂၄)
၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇူလိုင်လ (၁၀) ရက်
ဝမ်းနည်းကြောင်း သဝဏ်လွှာ
၁။ ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇူလိုင်လ (၈) ရက်နေ့၊ ည (၉) နာရီခန့်တွင် စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်း၊ ဝက်လက်မြို့နယ်၊ စိုင်နိုင်ကြီးကျေးရွာတွင် နေထိုင်သော ဝက်လက်မြို့နယ် ကျောင်းသားများသမဂ္ဂအဖွဲ့ဝင် Grade 11 ကျောင်းသား မောင်မြင့်မြတ်ဦး (အသက် ၁၆ နှစ်) သည် ရွာပြင်သုဿန်မှ အင်တာနက်သုံးပြီး အိမ်အပြန်လမ်းတွင် လူမဆန်စွာ အသတ်ခံရကြောင်း သိရှိရပါသည်။
၂။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသည် မောင်မြင့်မြတ်ဦး သေဆုံးမှုအတွက် မိသားစုနှင့်ထပ်တူ ကြေကွဲဝမ်းနည်းရပါသည်။
၃။ မောင်မြင့်မြတ်ဦးအား လူမဆန်ရက်စက်စွာအသတ်ခံရမှုဖြစ်စဉ်နှင့် ပတ်သက်ပြီး ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီး ဌာနသည် သက်ဆိုင်ရာအဖွဲ့အစည်းအသီးသီးနှင့် ပူးပေါင်းပြီး ဖြစ်စဉ်မှန်ပေါ်ပေါက်ပြီး ကျူးလွန်သူများအား အပြစ်ပေးအရေးယူနိုင်ရန် အလျင်အမြန်ဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည် ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
၄။ နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေးတွင် ကလေးသူငယ်များ၏ အသက်ရှင်သန်ခွင့်၊ လွတ်လပ်စွာပညာသင်ယူခွင့်၊ ဘေးကင်းလုံခြုံစွာ နေထိုင်ခွင့်တို့အား ချိုးဖောက်မှု ဖြစ်စဉ်များနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ အမိန့်ပေးစေခိုင်းသူများ၊ ကိုယ်တိုင်ကျူးလွန်သူများ အားလုံးအနေဖြင့် တာဝန်ခံရမည် ဖြစ်သည်။
၅။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေး၀န်ကြီးဌာနသည် လူ့အခွင့်အရေး ချိုးဖောက်မှုများ၊ ဥပဒေမဲ့ သတ်ဖြတ်မှုများနှင့် မတရားညှဉ်းပန်း နှိပ်စက်မှုများအား အပြင်းအထန် ရှုတ်ချပြီး ပြစ်မှုကျူးလွန်မှု ဖြစ်စဥ်များကို အသေးစိတ်မှတ်တမ်းတင်လျက် ကျူးလွန်ခံရသူများအတွက် တရားမျှတမှုကို နည်းလမ်း အမျိုးမျိုးဖြင့် ဖော်ဆောင်နိုင်ရန် တစိုက်မတ်မတ် ကြိုးပမ်းဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း ကတိပြုပါ သည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-07-10
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-10
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Individual Documents
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Size:
211.67 KB
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Sub-title:
School buildings are often targeted by indiscriminate airstrikes or shelling from artillery.
Description:
"More than a quarter – or about 13,700 – of Myanmar’s 48,753 public schools have been closed due to the country’s civil war, the military junta’s Ministry of Education said.
In western Chin state, which has seen fierce fighting since the 2021 military coup d’etat, only 38 schools out of some 1,500 are still open, according to figures released by the ministry.
In neighboring Sagaing region, where the coup triggered an insurgency by members of the majority Burman community in Myanmar’s heartland, more than 4,200 schools have been closed.
Junta troops often target civilian homes and other buildings – including schools – during or after ground battles with insurgents.
“Children have suffered a lot in education,” said U Htay, a resident of Ma Taw village in Sagaing’s Mingin township. “They have lost their dream. We see that their potential to become outstanding citizens is being destroyed.”
Most schools remain open in the commercial capital of Yangon and nearby Ayeyarwady region, the ministry said.
The shadow National Unity Government, or NUG, has opened more than 4,300 schools nationwide in areas controlled by insurgent forces. NUG was formed by pro-democracy politicians and allies following the coup.
But even those schools have been targeted by the junta’s indiscriminate airstrikes, the NUG’s deputy minister for education, Sai Khine Myo Tun, told Radio Free Asia.
Intense fighting in eastern Kayah state has also put students at risk. But the Karenni state Interim Executive Council has still opened more than 400 schools there since 2021, the council said..."
Source/publisher:
"Radio Free Asia" (USA)
Date of publication:
2024-07-08
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-08
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory, Politics, Government and Governance - Burma/Myanmar - general studies, Children, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
more
Description:
"This independent update, covering humanitarian developments up to 28 June, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued in late July 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
Civilian protection concerns are on the rise as conflict continues to expand across the country. Pervasive landmine contamination, explosive hazards, and fighting with heavy weapons and aerial bombardment continues to drive displacement and exacerbate already severe humanitarian needs.
Countrywide, more than 3 million people are estimated to be internally displaced. Many of the newly displaced are living without proper shelters, enduring severe weather in the monsoon season.
Recent attacks and occupation of humanitarian facilities in Rakhine and other areas are elevating risks for both humanitarian personnel and the populations they serve.
In Rakhine, intense fighting has forced thousands of people to flee their homes in recent months. In the state capital, Sittwe, civilian protection concerns are growing, with reports of newly planted mines, forced evictions, and mass arrests around the town area.
Clashes have intensified in Kachin in several townships and are estimated to have reached within six miles of the state capital, Myitkyina. A large number of people are reportedly displaced.
In northern Shan, the temporary ceasefire agreement between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and the Three Brotherhood Alliance is no longer holding, with the resumption of clashes in several townships during the last week of June.
Six months in, the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) remains critically underfunded, with only 12 per cent of required funding received, according to the Financial Tracking Service. More resources are urgently needed to support response efforts and alleviate the suffering of affected people in Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-07-01
Date of entry/update:
2024-07-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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467.95 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၆/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၆ ခုနှစ်၊ နယုန်လပြည့်ကျော် ၇ ရက်နေ့
(၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ ၂၈ ရက်)
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ်
အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-06-28
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
49.38 KB
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Sub-title:
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၄/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၆ ခုနှစ်၊ နယုန်လပြည့်ကျော် ၆ ရက်နေ့
(၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ ၂၇ ရက်)
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ်
အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-06-27
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
100.55 KB
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Description:
"““ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်) ခေါ်ယူခြင်း”
၁။ ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၁ ရက်နေ့မှ စတင်၍ စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းခဲ့ခြင်းကြောင့်အခြေခံပညာ ပြီးမြောက် ထားသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူအမြောက်အမြားသည် ယနေ့အချိန်အထိ တရားမဝင် စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ ယန္တရားကို ဆန့်ကျင်လျက် စီဒီအမ်ပြုလုပ်လျက်ရှိကြသည်။
၂။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသည် နိုင်ငံတစ်ဝှမ်းလုံးရှိ ပညာသင်ယူခွင့် ရပ်တန့်နေသော ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ၏ ရှေ့ဆက်ပညာသင်ယူနိုင်ရန်အတွက် ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများ၊ ပညာရေးဘုတ်အဖွဲ့များ နှင့် ပူးပေါင်းကာ အစဉ်တစိုက် အလေးထား ကြိုးပမ်းဆောင်ရွက်လျက်ရှိသည်။
၃။ ၂၀၂၃ ခုနှစ်၊ အောက်တိုဘာလအတွင်းတွင် ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ် (၁၆) ခု၏ (ပထမအကြိမ်) ဝင်ခွင့် ကို ခေါ်ယူခဲ့ပြီးလည်းဖြစ်သည်။
၄။ ယခု ဒုတိယအကြိမ် တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်ကို ကြားကာလ တက္ကသိုလ် (၂၀) ခုတို့က ဘာသာရပ်နှင့် ပညာရပ် နယ်ပယ် (၅၉) ခု အတွက် စုပေါင်းခေါ်ယူကြခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။
၅။ အောက်ဖော်ပြပါ ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများသည် “ပြည်သူ့ဘက်တော်သားများ” အတွက် ရည်ရွယ်ဖွင့်လှစ်ထားသည့် “ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ ၂၀၂၄ - ၂၀၂၅ ပညာသင်နှစ် တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်” ကို ဝင်ရောက် လျှောက်ထား နိုင်ကြပါသည် -
(က) ဤတက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်လျှောက်လွှာ စတင်ခေါ်ယူသည့်နေ့တွင် အသက် (၁၈) နှစ် ပြည့်ပြီးသူ ဖြစ်ရမည်။
(ခ) ၂၀၂၀ ခုနှစ်နှင့် ယင်းနှစ်မတိုင်မီ အခြေခံပညာအထက်တန်း အောင်မြင်ထားသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ
(ဂ) နိုင်ငံတကာအသိအမှတ်ပြု အောင်လက်မှတ် ရရှိထားသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ (ဥပမာ- IGCSE, GED, SAT, …)
(ဃ) တိုင်းရင်းသားဒေသအသီးသီး၏ ပညာရေးအစီအစဉ်ဖြင့် အခြေခံပညာ ပြီးမြောက်ထားသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ
(င) အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနက ပြည်သူ့ကျောင်းသားများအတွက် ရည်ရွယ်ဆောင်ရွက် ပေးသော အခြေခံပညာပြီးမြောက်ကြောင်း စစ်ဆေးအကဲဖြတ်ခြင်း “Basic Education Completion Assessment (BECA)” လက်မှတ်ရရှိထားသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ
(စ) နယ်စပ်ဒေသအခြေစိုက် ပညာရေးအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ အကြောင်းအမျိုးမျိုးကြောင့် နယ်စပ်ဒေသများသို့ ရွှေ့ပြောင်းအခြေချ နေထိုင်ကြရသည့် ရွှေ့ပြောင်းလုပ်သားများနှင့် ရွှေ့ပြောင်းမိသားစုဝင်များအတွက် ဆောင်ရွက်နေသည့် ပညာရေးအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ (ရိုဟင်ဂျာပညာရေး အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ မြန်မာ-ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်၊ မြန်မာ-အိန္ဒိယနှင့် မြန်မာ-ထိုင်းနယ်စပ် စခန်းများရှိ ပညာရေးအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ) မှ အခြေခံပညာ အထက်တန်း အဆင့် ပြီးမြောက်ကြောင်း အရည်အချင်းစစ်စာမေးပွဲ ဖြေဆိုအောင်မြင်ထားသည့် ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ (သက်ဆိုင်ရာ ပညာရေးအဖွဲ့အစည်းများမှ ထုတ်ပြန်ပေးသည့် ပညာရေးဆိုင်ရာ အထောက်အထားများ တင်ပြ နိုင်ရမည်)
(ဆ) သက်ဆိုင်ရာတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ ဝင်ခွင့်သတ်မှတ်ချက်များနှင့် ကိုက်ညီသူများ
(လျှောက်ထားသူတိုင်းသည် သက်ဆိုင်ရာ ပညာရေး အဖွဲ့အစည်းများမှ ထုတ်ပြန်ပေးသည့် ပညာရေးဆိုင်ရာ အထောက်အထားများ တင်ပြနိုင်ရပါမည်။)
၆။ ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်များ၏ ဝင်ခွင့်လမ်းညွှန် (ဒုတိယအကြိမ်) တွင် တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့် လက်ခံဆောင် ရွက်မည့် တက္ကသိုလ် (၂၀) ခုတို့၏ သက်ဆိုင်ရာ တက္ကသိုလ်များအလိုက် ပေးအပ်မည့် ဘွဲ့၊ ဒီဂရီများ၊ လက်ခံသင်ကြားပေးနိုင်မည့် ကျောင်းသားဦးရေ၊ တက္ကသိုလ်တစ်ခုချင်းစီ၏ ဝင်ခွင့်လက်ခံရေးသတ်မှတ် ချက်များနှင့် ဝင်ခွင့်စတင်ခေါ်ယူမည့်အချိန်တို့ကို အသေးစိတ်ဖော်ပြထားသည်။
၇။ သို့ဖြစ်ပါ၍ ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများသည် ၂၀၂၄ - ၂၀၂၅ ပညာသင်နှစ်၊ ကြားကာလ တက္ကသိုလ် များ၏ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်လမ်းညွှန်တွင်ဖော်ပြပါရှိသော တက္ကသိုလ်အလိုက် ဝင်ခွင့်ခေါ်ယူသည့် အကြောင်းအရာ၊ အချက်အလက်အသေးစိတ်တို့ကို ကြိုတင်လေ့လာပြီး သတ်မှတ်ချက်များနှင့်အညီ တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်ကို အချိန်မီ တင်သွင်းလျှောက်ထားကြပါရန် တိုက်တွန်းအပ်ပါသည်။
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်ခွင့်နှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ ခေါ်ယူမည့် တက္ကသိုလ်များ၊ ဝင်ခွင့်လမ်းညွှန်၊ စာရင်းသွင်းခြင်းလုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များကို အောက်ပါ လင့်မှတဆင့် ဝင်ရောက်ဖတ်ရှု လေ့လာနိုင်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-06-27
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-27
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"Highlights
• More than 3.1 million people have been internally displaced, including 112,000 in the past month. They remain in precarious conditions and in need of life-saving assistance.
• 18,929 children were provided with access to formal and non-formal education including early learning; more than 43,000 people were reached with clean drinking water; and lifesaving child protection services reached more than 34,000 people during the month of April.
• In areas with heightened conflict, the need for access to services continues to increase while the cost of programme delivery is also increasing in a resource constrained environment.
• Underfunding remains a significant constraint with only 11 per cent of against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal requirement being received. Timely and sufficient funding is crucial in providing immediate assistance for children and their families, especially with the onset of the monsoon season.
Situation in Numbers
6,000,000
children in need of humanitarian assistance
18,600,000
people in need (HAC 2024)
2,830,200
Internally displaced people since 1 February 2021
64,600
People displaced to neighbouring countries since 1 February 2021 (UNHCR, 03 June 2024)
289,000
displacement before February 2021
Funding Overview and Partnerships
UNICEF Myanmar Country Office has appealed for US$ 208.3 million in 2024 to address the needs of 3.1 million people, including an estimated 2.1 million children. As of 31 May 2024, UNICEF’s funding level remains unchanged at US$ 23.1 million (11.1 per cent of its appealed funding), comprising of US$9.9 million received for the current year and US$13.2 million carried forward from the previous year.
In 2024, UNICEF has received generous funding support from the Government of Japan, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) as well as internal allocations from global humanitarian thematic funding. Additionally, UNICEF also acknowledges the contributions previously made by the Australia’s DFAT, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), the European Commission’s Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Department (DG ECHO), the Government of Canada, the Government of Japan, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Government of Norway, the Royal Thai Government, the Czech Committee for UNICEF, the French Committee for UNICEF, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) along with the CERF and the Myanmar Country-Based Pooled Fund (CBPF). Moreover, in 2024, UNICEF Myanmar also received an internal loan from the Emergency Programme Fund (EPF) to support the humanitarian response, following a similar grant received the previous year.
With these resources, UNICEF and its partners are delivering humanitarian services in nutrition, health, HIV/AIDS, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), education, child protection, gender-based violence in emergencies (GBViE), social protection and cash-based programming. UNICEF is also providing humanitarian leadership and cluster coordination and is strengthening protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), social behaviour-change and accountability to affected populations. However, UNICEF capacity to deliver these services is severely limited by the funding gap of 89 per cent which has remained unchanged over the last two months. Without the funding for these resources, targeted populations, especially children, who need basic social services, will not be able to receive assistance. UNICEF continues its efforts to mobilize resources and expresses its sincere appreciation to all private and public sector donors for their contributions to supporting the children of Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Armed conflict has been escalating across Myanmar, and more than 3.1 million people are internally displaced in precarious conditions and in need of life-saving assistance. This includes more than 112,000 people displaced since the end of April. The protection situation of children who are suffering grave violations of their rights remains of great concern. Humanitarian assistance is significantly challenged due to access restriction, roadblocks at checkpoints, high commodity prices, transportation costs, banking issues and forced recruitment by different armed groups.
In northern Rakhine, armed conflict between the Arakan Army and the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) intensified, particularly in Buthidaung and Maungdaw, and also expanded to southern townships such as Ann and Thandwe and Toungup townships. Clashes have been escalating with artillery shelling, gunfire, airstrikes and bombardment from the sea. This has severely affected both the Rakhine and Rohingya communities, resulting in casualties, multiple displacements, and the destruction of property. More than185,000 people have been displaced across Rakhine since November 2023. Taking into account those displaced earlier in the conflict, the total displacement in Rakhine numbers more than 402,000 people at the end of May. Protection concerns and rights violations have increased. An unverified number of houses in Buthidaung and Maungdaw were set on fire including humanitarian facilities and properties of humanitarian staff were also impacted. Artillery shelling hit a hospital in Buthidaung which was sheltering displaced people, and at least one hospital and one school were bombed in Kyauktaw township.
An estimated 420,000 basic education students will miss formal classes if schools in the conflict-affected townships are not able to open as usual. Routine immunization was stopped in most of the central and northern part of Rakhine for six months. An estimated 1.6 million people could be without access to hospital care in central and northern Rakhine. Restrictions on access and on the movement of supplies, plus the closure of roads and waterways continue to hamper the humanitarian response. There are increased reports of water scarcity across the state including in Pauktaw, Ponnagyun and Myebon. There are shortages of food and essential items, life-saving medicine and therapeutic nutrition commodities and increasing prices, especially in the conflict-affected townships.
The armed conflict in Kachin State has significant developments in May 2024, resulting in substantial changes in the control areas of the ethnic armed organizations/Kachin Independence Army and MAF. This conflict has led to an influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs) across the state, particularly in the townships of Myitkyina, Waingmaw, Bhamo, Tanai, Mansi, Hpakant and Mohnyin during April and May 2024. The state is home to more than 150,000 IDPs (protracted and new) in more than 142 sites and host communities, lacking the means of survival and livelihoods. The humanitarian operations in Bhamo, Tani, Mansi, Shwegu, Mohnyin and Waingmaw townships are facing severe challenges due to fighting and limited access. The numerous checkpoints by different actors along the line from Yangon to Myitkyina impose arbitrary taxes and have significantly impacted supply movements into, and within, the state. In some parts of the state, there is still a need to conduct rapid needs assessments. However, shelter, WASH, food and protection have been identified as the most urgent humanitarian needs. UNICEF, along with its partners, has been working to provide WASH, health and nutrition services, education and child protection services for the newly displaced people. Despite these efforts, there are still significant unmet needs.
In the southeast, the escalation of armed conflict continued throughout the region, particularly in Kawkareik and around Hpa-An districts in Kayin state, and there have been intense armed conflicts in Tanintharyi, Mon and Bago east. As a result, the number of displaced people in this region has increased to around 660,000, the highest increase here since 2021 and highly likely to continue to increase the displacement as the conflict escalates.
In the northwest, armed clashes have continued, resulting in the displacement of more than 1.5 million people. In addition, in early May, strong winds and heavy rains damaged or destroyed about 400 homes, temporary shelters and other structures. The main road from Kalay to Hakha is still blocked, there are unstable phone and internet connections and reportedly increasing the arbitrary arrests of young people for the military service.
The approaching monsoon season with a heightened risk of cyclones and floods further increases the risks faced by the vulnerable population. Already strong winds and heavy rain has impacted multiple locations in recent months damaging infrastructure. If a cyclone with a scale similar to that of last year hits Myanmar this year, its impact would be even more devastating for the populations whose coping capacity continues to be eroded by the escalating conflict and the increasing socio-economic hardships..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-06-16
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"1. Overview & Key Messages
Key Messages
• Escalating conflict across Myanmar is driving growing humanitarian needs, surging displacement, worsening food insecurity, grave human rights violations and deadly protection threats to civilians.
• The country is now littered with landmines and unexploded ordnance from the daily aerial bombardment that is being inflicted on communities in contested areas.
• Aid workers have proven their resilience in finding ways to overcome the heavy access blockages being imposed on their work. They have shown they are able to deliver, even in the most conflict-affected parts of the country through strong partnerships with local responders.
• Humanitarians reached 3.2 million people in 2023 and already in 2024, almost 950,000 people have received life-saving assistance in all corners of the country and under different areas of control.
• But this is not enough. Partners have capacity to do more but for this they require more resources and expanded humanitarian diplomacy with all parties and with Myanmar’s neighbours to secure facilitated access at-scale.
• The Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan is just 12 per cent funded almost half-way into the year.
• Without an urgent injection of funds aid agencies will soon be forced to make impossible choices about cuts to planned assistance that will risk the lives of millions of people in severe need.
Almost half-way through 2024, Myanmar faces a worsening humanitarian crisis characterized by escalating armed conflict, massive displacement, grave human rights violations and significant protection risks for its civilian population. After finalization of the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) and related planning figures, the country entered a dangerous new chapter with fighting erupting across large swathes of the country, well beyond the levels expected for 2024. Systematic rights violations, breaches of International Humanitarian Law, denial of access to life-saving services, indiscriminate use of weapons in populated areas, and protection threats, including forced recruitment, have left the population in fear of their lives, with many fleeing for safety.
Access to vital services including health and education has been crippled by fighting in the most heavily affected parts of the country where these are needed most. The expansion of fighting since October 2023 and the implementation of a long-standing national conscription law have triggered unforeseen levels of displacement both within the country and across borders. This has brought a new regional dimension to the crisis that demands novel approaches to engagement with Myanmar’s neighbours. The total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has surpassed 3 million people as of June, which is equal to the original full-year projected total for 2024.
Brave aid workers have proven their ability to navigate this increasingly complex access landscape with changes in territorial control and are reaching people in need, even in the most conflict affected states and regions. Despite the changes in the operating environment and severe underfunding, humanitarian partners used diverse delivery modalities to reach 949,000 people with at least one kind of support once in the first quarter of the year, including almost 500,000 IDPs. However, expanded delivery and more comprehensive coverage of needs for those people we can reach is being undermined by underfunding and denials of sustained access. Urgent humanitarian diplomacy at the political level is required to reduce the human impact of the conflict and facilitate access to affected people. Humanitarian organizations have the capacity to do more in many parts of the country, but further expansion requires both additional funds and concerted political efforts to create a more conducive operating space for scale-up. More than 4.3m people targeted for support in 2024 had still not been reached with any form of assistance at the end of the first quarter and many will inevitably continue to miss out on support during the remainder of the year if the funding landscape does not improve, with devastating and potentially deadly consequences for vulnerable people. If additional funds were received, partners could immediately use the diverse access channels they have developed over the past three years, including working through local partners, to reach more people in desperate need and help communities prepare for and respond to new needs that will inevitably arise during the wet season.
Field colleagues are sounding the alarm about deteriorating humanitarian needs that have increased in both scale and severity as a result of the escalating fighting that is now also touching many urban areas.
This worrying trajectory in needs is currently difficult to quantify due to heavy access constraints, the lack of comprehensive needs assessments in conflict areas, and communications interruptions in many parts of the country, but the reports from frontline responders are unequivocal in their assessment of surging need.
Food insecurity is on the rise with 13.3 million people – almost a quarter of the population - now estimated to be in phase 3 or 4 insecurity. This is raising the spectre of deadly malnutrition if unaddressed. The impacts of food insecurity are geographically widespread with all but two States/Regions seeing a deterioration in conditions since April/May 2023. The cyclone and flooding season is now beginning and the impact of another major disaster similar to last year’s Cyclone Mocha would be catastrophic if repeated in the current conflict, access and funding environment. Renewed inter-communal tension in Rakhine is also worrying and requires concerted advocacy with all parties and communication with communities.
In the absence of comprehensive new data, the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG) has focused here on providing an expert narrative analysis of the significant changes in the humanitarian landscape but has not undertaken a full HNRP revision with a new number of people in need (PiN), new targets and new requirements at this time. The ICCG has provided a new estimate of projected displacement through until the end of the year (now 3.6m) and it has been possible for one cluster (Food Security) to update its own sectoral number of people in need based on some newly available analysis, but all other numbers remain unchanged at the inter-sectoral level with at least 18.6 million people in need of humanitarian assistance and 5.3 million targeted for aid. The total financial requirement for this effort is US$ 994 million, aimed at addressing critical needs across multiple sectors. Currently, just 12 per cent of the required funds have been raised, despite the heavy prioritization and boundary setting exercise done at the end of 2023. Even tighter prioritization lies ahead unless additional funding urgently materializes.
While it is understood that some additional funding may be in the pipeline from some key donors, timing is critical, with partners already running low on resources in many areas. Fast-tracking of planned humanitarian funding commitments is now critical to avoid prolonging people’s suffering. Urgent and complementary investment in development activities is also imperative to reverse the unsustainable growth in humanitarian needs..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-06-09
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
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Sub-title:
စာသင်ကျောင်းများကို ပစ်မှတ်ထားတိုက်ခိုက်ခြင်းနှင့် ပတ်သက်၍ ကြေညာချက်
Description:
"၁။ ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ (၄) ရက်နေ့တွင် တနင်္သာရီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး၊ ထားဝယ်မြို့၊ အိမ်ရှေ့ပြင်ရပ်ကွက်ရှိ မူလတန်း ကျောင်းဝင်းအတွင်း၌ ဗုံးပေါက်ကွဲမှု ဖြစ်ပွားခဲ့ပြီး ကလေးငယ် (၃) ဦးသေဆုံးပြီး ပြည်သူ (၂၀) ကျော် ထိခိုက်ဒဏ်ရာ ရရှိခဲ့သည်။
၂။ ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇွန်လ (၅) ရက်နေ့တွင် မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး၊ မြိုင်မြို့နယ်၊ ကံမြင့်ကုန်းဘုန်းကြီးကျောင်းကို အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်က လေကြောင်းဖြင့် ဗုံးကြဲတိုက်ခိုက်ခဲ့ရာ စာသင်ကြားနေသည့် စစ်ဘေးရှောင် ကလေးငယ်အပါအဝင် (၄) ဦးထက် မနည်း သေဆုံးပြီး ပြည်သူ (၂၀) ကျော် ထိခိုက်ဒဏ်ရာ ရရှိခဲ့ကြောင်း သိရှိရသည်။
၃။ အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်က စာသင်ကျောင်းများကို လေယာဉ်ဖြင့် ဗုံးကြဲတိုက်ခိုက်ခြင်း၊ လက်နက်ကြီး များဖြင့် ပစ်ခတ်တိုက်ခိုက်ခြင်း၊ စာသင်ကျောင်းများတွင် တပ်စွဲခြင်းတို့သည် ကမ္ဘာ့ကုလသမဂ္ဂလုံခြုံရေး ကောင်စီဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်များ၊ လူသားချင်းစာနာထောက်ထားမှုဆိုင်ရာ နိုင်ငံတကာဥပဒေများကို ချိုးဖောက်ခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ စာသင်ကျောင်းများကို စစ်ရေးအခြေစိုက်စခန်း အဖြစ်အသုံးပြုခြင်းနှင့် ပစ်မှတ်ထား တိုက်ခိုက် ဖောက်ခွဲနေခြင်းစသည့် အကြမ်းဖက် တရားမဲ့ လုပ်ရပ်များကို လုပ်ဆောင်သည့် မည်သည့်အဖွဲ့အစည်းကိုမဆို အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနအနေဖြင့် ပြင်းထန်စွာ ရှုတ်ချကန့်ကွက်သည်။
၄။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ ပညာရေးကဏ္ဍတွင် ထိခိုက်ခံစားနေရသည့် ကလေးသူငယ်များအတွက် နိုင်ငံတကာ အနေဖြင့် ထိရောက်အကျိုးရှိသော တားဆီးအရေးယူမှုများကို ဆောင်ရွက်ပြီး ကလေးသူငယ်များအတွက် လုံခြုံစွာ ပညာသင်ယူခွင့်နှင့် ဘေးကင်းလုံခြုံသောကျောင်းများ ပေါ်ပေါက်လာစေရေး အတွက် ဆောင်ရွက်ပေးရန် အထူးလိုအပ်နေပါသည်။
၅။ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနအနေဖြင့် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ် အပြီးတိုင် ချုပ်ငြိမ်း၍ ဖက်ဒရယ် ဒီမိုကရေစီပြည်ထောင်စုကြီး ပေါ်ထွန်းသည်အထိ တိုင်းရင်းသားပြည်သူတစ်ရပ်လုံးနှင့် လက်တွဲ၍ ဆက်လက် တိုက်ပွဲဝင်သွားမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း ကတိသစ္စာပြုအပ်ပါသည်။
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-06-06
Date of entry/update:
2024-06-06
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Individual Documents
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Description:
"This Situation Update describes events occurring in Tha Htoo Township, Doo Tha Htoo (Thaton) District, during December 2023 and January 2024. This report covers many human rights violations committed by the State Administration Council (SAC) against villagers, including regular indiscriminate shelling, travel restrictions, and the prohibition of bridge construction. During the reporting period, the SAC troops shelled at least 278 rounds of mortar into or near civilian areas. The report also describes the impacts of the shelling on civilians’ livelihoods, access to education and healthcare, as well as the killing and injury of villagers: due to this SAC shelling, at least one villager was injured and two villagers died, including a 26-year-old pregnant woman. SAC shelling also caused heightened security risks, the displacement of more than 1,000 villagers, the destruction of at least 15 civilian houses, one school, and two monasteries, and the death of livestock.[1]
General Situation Overview:
This situation update presents the impacts of regular indiscriminate shelling conducted by the State Administration Council (SAC)[2] in Tha Htoo (Thaton) Township, Doo Tha Htoo District, in the period from December 2023 to January 2024. The shelling caused death and injuries of civilians, destruction of civilians’ properties and livestock, insecurity, displacement, and impacts on livelihoods, education and health services.
During the reporting period, the SAC increasingly conducted indiscriminate shelling in Tha Htoo Township and more mortar shells landed in village communities than in the previous months. Sometimes the SAC shelled mortar rounds into villages after being attacked by local armed resistance groups, but many times villagers did not know the reason why they were being shelled. Villagers heard the sound of mortar rounds explosions every day. Some mortars landed in their villages, some landed near the villages, and some landed in their farms or plantations. According to a local village leader, Saw[3] H--- from I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract[4], Tha Htoo Township: “They [SAC] regularly shelled mortar [rounds], every two or three days; they shelled about 20 [rounds of] mortar per time. Sometimes, they shelled about ten or sometimes more than ten [rounds of] mortar per shelling. […] The total amount of SAC mortar shells that landed in our area [I--- village] might be about a thousand rounds already. […] They did this as if their enemy [armed resistance forces] were in the community. They might keep their shelling target there [in I--- village]. It is hard to assume [the SAC’s strategy]. […] In the current situation, people do not do anything to [attack] them, but they [SAC soldiers] shell more mortar rounds into I--- village regularly.”
The SAC troops that conducted regular shelling in Tha Htoo Township are Light Infantry Battalion (LIB)[5] #206, who are based in an area between Du Yin Seik and P’Leh Hkaw villages; LIB #118, under Light Infantry Division (LID)[6] #44, whose camps are in Thaton Town; Infantry Battalion (IB)[7] #24, whose camp is based on a hill close to I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract; Military Training Unit #9, based in Ah Lan Ta Ya army camp on top of Ah Lan Ta Ya hill; LIB #9, based in Wa Pa army camp; Artillery Unit #314, based in Kya T’Raw (Zi Won) army base in Shwe Yaung Pya village tract; IB #8, based at Myay Taung army camp in Bilin Town; and Artillery Unit #402, who are based in an area between Nya T’Weh village, T’Noh village tract, and Noh Hpa Htaw village, Noh Ta Hsuh village tract. The SAC mainly used 120mm artillery for the shelling. Saw H---, the village head of I--- village, explained: “They use huge artillery weapons which have wheels. […] Most of the mortar [rounds] that landed in my village [I---] are 120mm.”
Although many human rights violations were committed by the SAC in Tha Htoo Township, KHRG researchers could document only some of the incidents due to the high security risks and travel restrictions preventing comprehensive documentation of all incidents. The incidents below were documented by KHRG researchers, who collected information and photos from witnesses and victims of the human rights violations across the District and sometimes witnessed the incidents themselves.
Situation and incidents in Tha Htoo Township
a. SAC shelling killed a pregnant woman and caused property destruction
On December 19th 2023, from around 7 pm to 9:30 pm, SAC LIB #206 and Artillery Unit #402 shelled approximately 23 rounds of 120mm mortar into I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township. Three rounds of mortar landed inside the village and about ten rounds of mortar landed outside of the village. The mortar explosions in the village killed a 26-year-old woman named Naw[8] K---, who was pregnant at the time. It also destroyed one monastery building and two houses owned by Saw L--- and Saw M---. During the incident, Naw K---, her 3-year-old daughter, and her husband were hiding in a bunker beside their house which they built as a safe place for them. One of the village leaders, Saw H---, testified: “The mortar landed in the middle of their house when they [wife, husband, and daughter] were hiding in the bunker beside the house. The mortar landed close to the bunker [and shrapnel injured her]. Her house was built with bricks, but all the brick [walls] were destroyed by the mortar explosion.”
Naw K--- died from major injuries and significant blood loss caused by the shrapnel of the mortar shell that hit her house. There was a lack of transport available and first aid provisions in the community were limited, preventing a quick response to the incident. Naw K--- was injured at about 7 pm and could not access support or medical treatment until 11 pm. She had to wait for many hours during the ongoing shelling which prevented other villagers from coming to help her until after the shelling stopped, which was around 9:30 pm. Villagers felt safe to help only after the shelling stopped, and there were no healthcare workers in the village to provide first aid for her. Therefore, villagers went to her house after the shelling and took her to a community clinic in L--- village by motorcycle and tractor.
L--- clinic is run by the Karen Department of Health and Welfare (KDHW)[9], under Karen National Union (KNU)[10] administration. The villagers travelled in fear of being shot by the SAC soldiers in the area, especially during nighttime curfew, and the road was difficult to travel on at night, so they arrived at L--- clinic at about 11 pm. The journey took around 1 hour. On arrival, health workers could not save Naw K---’s life because she had lost too much blood from the extreme injuries sustained. After two hours of treatment in the clinic, she passed away. Her three-year-old daughter and her husband were left without access to justice or compensation from the perpetrator. The village leader, Saw H---, explained: “Since we did not have any health worker in the village, we brought her directly to [L--- clinic]. We face challenges because there are no health workers or medical supplies available in our village. Right after this incident, we did not feel secure to go and help her immediately. We could help her only after about two hours, when the shelling stopped. We do not know whether it was her fate [for her life to end] or maybe her gallbladder exploded[11] caused by the extreme fear.”
As a result of the ongoing shelling in villages, villagers have been living with trauma and fear. In addition, about 40 houses in I--- village were damaged by the attacks and some were destroyed. Saw H--- reported that “some women have been suffering from heart attacks [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] because they could not stand to hear mortar explosion. Not only women, but also many children have heart attacks [PTSD], and they would run, scream, cry and even become unconscious when hearing mortar explosions. […] Villagers whose houses were destroyed [by shelling] face very hard situations to rise up [to rebuild their houses and livelihoods]. They probably may not be able to [re]build houses if their children do not migrate to Thailand [for job opportunities].”
b. Travel restrictions and prohibition of infrastructure construction
Villagers in Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township, reported to KHRG that they have been facing travel restrictions due to the ongoing armed conflict and curfews set up by the SAC in their area. Due to ongoing shelling, villagers do not feel secure going to their farms or plantations to work for their family livelihoods. The SAC has set up a curfew from 6 pm to 6 am, meaning that villagers could not leave their village during nighttime for hunting or to take care of their livestock.
Moreover, the SAC has prohibited I--- villagers from building a bamboo bridge between I--- and Ff--- village to make their entry to the village easier. I--- village is [almost completely] surrounded by rivers so villagers use boats to leave [some parts of] the village. The villagers face difficulties in accessing healthcare, travelling for their livelihood, and other family needs because of the difficulties crossing the rivers. Therefore, villagers decided to build a temporary bamboo bridge and started the construction process in early December 2023. During the bridge construction, SAC Artillery Unit #402 [from nearby Noh Hpa Htaw army camp] shelled six mortar rounds around the bridge area so villagers who were building the bridge had to flee for their lives and stopped building the bridge. Saw H---, one of the village leaders, explained: “They [some SAC soldiers] could see us from Du Oh Seik army camp [located on a hill]. […] We just need it [the bridge] for easier transportation. […] We just built the bridge with bamboo. We had to flee because they [SAC] shelled mortar rounds. Then, we received information from young villagers who went to apply for the [Myanmar] Identification Card at the ‘Immigration and Population Office’ and they were told by the head of the office that they [SAC] would not allow villagers to build the bridge. […] They [SAC] said they might be attacked [by local armed group] when there is a bridge. […] In my opinion, there is no relation between the bridge and them [SAC]. […] It would be good if we had a bridge to make transportation easier for us, especially transportation for healthcare purposes [to travel to clinics and buy medicine from other villages].”
c. Displacement due to indiscriminate shelling
Despite the SAC conducting regular shelling [in the area], most of the local villagers initially chose not to leave their houses because they had to protect their family properties and livelihoods, and did not want to displace themselves so they could access their livelihood means, houses, and health and education services in the villages. Mostly, villagers would flee from their villages only when rounds of mortar were landing in their villages and causing direct risk to their lives.
After the shelling on December 19th 2023 that killed a villager, Naw K---, and caused significant destruction in I--- village, over a thousand villagers from Shwe Yaung Pya and Kaw Ler village tracts had to flee from their villages in fear. Displaced villagers are from I---, O---, P---, Q---, R--- villages [and J--- village]. They have been displaced to different places; some villagers fled to the forest, others fled to their relatives’ houses in other villages, and others to towns and/or to their relatives’ houses in Thailand. Saw H---, the I--- village leader, reported to KHRG that, “There is no villager [remaining] in I--- village -villagers have been displaced because they [SAC] regularly shelled mortars into villages. […] Some villagers fled to other villages, or to Thaton Town, and some of them fled to Gg--- [a border city in Thailand] -to their relatives’ living there.” However, some elder villagers decided not to run anymore, and they just stay in the village to take care of their properties.
d. Education challenges
Some schools in Tha Htoo Township are under SAC administration and some are run by the Karen Education and Culture Department (KECD)[12], under the KNU. Due to SAC’s regular shelling in the communities, children and teachers have been facing high-security risks to go to schools. Therefore, the schools had to close temporarily when shelling was being conducted in their area. Villagers will re-open schools when the situation improves.
For instance, the school in I--- village, which is under SAC administration, has been closed since December 19th 2023 due to the SAC shelling in this village. Some mortar rounds landed inside the school compound and damaged the school buildings. Students and teachers have been displaced to different areas so they could not study in the places they sought safety in. One of the village leaders, Saw H---, testified: “We have a government [SAC]-run school. The school must close now because they [teachers and students] do not feel secure to teach and study anymore. The two school buildings were also damaged; shrapnel broke the glass of the school windows. […] Students have fled to different places, and they cannot go to school anymore. No villager feels safe to stay in the village so how can students go to school?”.
e. Healthcare and humanitarian assistance
The internally-displaced villagers from Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township, could not bring enough food, warm clothes, first aid supplies and other essential items when they were forced to flee. Therefore, they are in need of emergency support, such as drinking water, clothes, food and healthcare supplies. Villagers who fled to their relatives’ houses in other villages were receiving support from their relatives and friends, and villagers who fled to the forest, like in L--- cave, could access some support from religious groups and local organisations. Saw H---, the village leader also displaced from I--- village, explained: “One senior monk from L--- village came to us and donated drinking water. We face extreme cold in this cave, and it impacts [our health] because we usually do not live in cold areas like this. […] Some villagers are sick, so we ask Kawthoolei [KDHW] health workers to come and help us [to provide medical treatment]. […] We had to pay for some medicines because they could not cover all medical expenses for us. […] Running noses and coughs are common illnesses [symptoms]. […] Some villagers experienced diarrhoea during the first couple of days we fled here; it might be because they moved to an uncomfortable place and did not have proper food like they usually have. […] We also received food, rice and vegetables from other villagers, like Hh--- and Jj--- villagers [who did not flee].”
f. Livelihood challenges
Villagers in Kaw Ler village tract ordinarily plant rice paddy during winter and summer, but they could not work on the fields or farms and take care of their livestock to secure their family livelihoods due to the ongoing SAC shelling in the area. Some villagers had to sell their livestock at a lower price than the usual local rate and some lost their livestock, houses and other properties during the shelling and were left without access to any compensation or support. Therefore, villagers are worried about their family livelihoods and their future. Saw H--- explained the concerns to KHRG: “Some villages are hiding in fear with their children and they have to move to a safer place when they hear the sound of mortar explosion. They could not go far away from their children [when trying to secure their livelihoods, as they are responsible for them]. This is the most challenging for us [to secure livelihoods]. […] We do not feel secure to plant paddy on our farms anymore. Farming is the only job we have [for our livelihood]. […] We plant paddy in the dry season. […] People like us have to flee and cannot work on our farms so we face extreme livelihood problems. Currently, we are okay because we received food donations, but it will be worse when there is no humanitarian assistance for us [any longer]. […] We do not feel safe to work on our farms and have sold our livestock like cows and buffalos for a lower price […]. For example, one cow costs about 500,000 kyat [238 USD][13], but villagers have to sell it for only 200,000 or 300,000 kyat [95 or 143 USD] […] because they assumed they could lose their livestock [from the shelling] without receiving anything in return.” Saw H---, from I--- village, continued: “When we could stay in our homes, at least we could work to secure our family’s daily food. We do not feel safe staying in our home here, in rural communities [anymore]. We will stay home when we feel safe. […] I want to go home and stay in our house. The situation might be better if there is no shelling.”
Other Incidents in Tha Htoo Township:
a. December 1st 2023: Shelling in Daw Ya village tract
On December 1st 2023 at 4 am, SAC IB #8, based at Myay Taung army camp in Bilin Town, shelled two rounds of mortar which landed beside Kyeh Chay Hka village, K’Dee Poo village tract, Tha Htoo Township. It did not cause any damage or casualties.
On the same day at 10:10 am, the SAC soldiers encountered a local [resistance] armed group [unknown if Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA)[14] or People’s Defence Force (PDF)[15]] in Q--- village, Daw Ya village tract, Tha Htoo Township, and fighting broke out. The SAC, including soldiers from Artillery Unit #314 and IB #8, responded by shelling 108 rounds of mortar into different areas in Tha Htoo Township. Five of the mortar rounds landed beside T’Raw Meh village, eight mortar rounds landed in Bilin Kyon Th’Waw Mu Nu village, and 40 mortar rounds landed in A’Leh Kyon area, between Q--- village, Daw Ya village tract, and Bilin Kyon village, K’Dee Poo village tract. Five mortar rounds landed in an area between Kyeh Chay Hka and Bilin Kyon villages, K’Dee Poo village tract. Additionally, 15 mortar rounds landed in an area between Q--- and Keh Moh villages and 35 mortars landed in, and beside, Q--- village. The mortar explosions in Q--- village destroyed three villagers’ houses and injured five cattle. The owners of the houses destroyed by the mortar explosion are U[16] V---, Daw[17] W--- and Daw X---. The five injured cattle later died and were owned by Daw Y---.
b. December 2nd 2023: SAC shelling into several village tracts
On December 2nd 2023, at 4 am, SAC LIB #206 shelled two rounds of mortar that landed beside F--- village, Noh Ta Shu village tract, Tha Htoo Township. The mortar explosion killed five cattle and injured three cattle, owned by a local villager named Tee[18] Z--- (60 years old).
On the same day, at 4 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #402 shelled two rounds of mortar in Ma Kaw Koe area, near I--- village, Kaw Ler village tract, Tha Htoo Township. It did not cause property damage or casualties.
Later, at 5:30 pm, Artillery Unit #402 shelled another four rounds of mortar in Kaw Ler village tract. Two of the mortar rounds landed in an area close to Waw Poo cave and another two landed in L--- and Thee Ko villages. Also at this time, SAC IB #206 shelled another two rounds of mortar in Ma Kaw Koe area, near I--- village. It caused no casualty or [major] damage.
At 7:48 pm that day, SAC IB #8 based in Myay Taung army camp shelled four rounds of mortar in Tha Htoo Township. Two of the mortar rounds landed beside Th’Khaw Meh Th’Waw Poe village and one of them landed in an area between K’Dee Poo and Ko Mya villages, K’Dee Poo village tract. [Although not all mortar rounds may be found, the total number of mortar rounds that are shelled can be determined by the number of times the sound of the fired mortar is heard, as reported to KHRG.] SAC Artillery Unit #314 also shelled seven mortar rounds; three of them landed in an area between Kyeh Kay La and Bilin Kyon villages, one landed in Htee Hpoe Kler river near Kya T’Raw village, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract, and three landed in Klee Kloe Ka area. They did not cause casualties or damage.
c. December 4th 2023: Shelling into Daw Ya and Shwe Yaung Pya village tract
On December 4th 2023, between 8:18 am and 11 am, SAC Artillery Unit #314 and Infantry Battalion (IB) #8, based in Myay Taung army camp, shelled 31 mortar rounds into Daw Ya and Shwe Yaung Pya village tracts, Tha Htoo Township. Four of the mortar rounds landed beside Teh Too Ko village (on the eastern side), six rounds landed in Ah Leh Kyon village, and 15 rounds landed in Q--- village, all in Daw Ya village tract. The 15 mortar rounds that landed in Q--- village injured one villager, named Saw N--- (70 years old) on his right arm, and destroyed four houses owned by Ma[19] S--- (55 years old), Daw T--- (58 years old), Daw U--- (70 years old) and U G--- (58 years old). Five of the mortar rounds landed in Taw Tu Kloe (Daung Min Taung) stream area, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract, and damaged a monastery’s water tank.
d. December 5th 2023: Further shelling by the SAC
On December 5th 2023, between 6:45 and 7:20 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #314 shelled four mortar rounds into a farm beside Shwe Yaung Pya village, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract, Tha Htoo Township. It caused no [major] damage or casualties.
[On that day,] SAC LIB #9 also shelled five mortar rounds; one landed beside Ma Aye Chah village, and one landed in an area between Ma Aye Cha and Ka Ma So villages, Htee Nya Paw village tract, Tha Htoo Township. These also did not cause any casualties or damage to property. [The location where the other three rounds landed is unknown.]
[Additionally,] SAC Artillery Unit #402 also shelled two rounds of mortar into a farm near Kaw Ler village, Kaw Ler village tract, causing no [major] damage or casualties.
e. December 6th 2023: Shelling of 26 mortar rounds
On December 6th 2023, from 7:30 to 10 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #402, IB #24 and LIB #206 shelled 26 rounds of mortar [from their respective army bases] in Tha Htoo Township. Two mortar rounds landed beside Kaw Sa Taik factory and two rounds landed in an area between Noh Ta Shu village and T’Rweh Klo stream, Tha Htoo Township. Four rounds landed on a farm beside L--- village, two rounds landed beside Wa Poo Lay cave, four rounds landed beside Kaw Ler Nee village, six rounds landed in an area between Ma Kaw Ko and I--- villages, four rounds landed in an area between Htaw Pra and I--- villages, and two rounds landed in an area between Noh Hpa Htaw and Noh Ta Shu villages. They did not cause damage or injuries to civilians.
f. December 7th 2023: SAC shelling more than 40 mortar rounds
On December 7th 2023, between 12:20 pm and 9:10 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #314 shelled 23 rounds of mortar. Four rounds landed in the cemetery in P--- village, four rounds landed beside O--- village, six rounds landed in Htee Hpoe Naw Boe area, on O--- hill, two rounds landed on T’Hkaw Wah Loo hill, four rounds landed in Law Taw Tu stream, and three rounds landed beside Pa Aww Ko village. During the shelling, one P--- villager, named Saw Ea--- (46 years old), was injured on his head, neck and leg. He died as a result of these major injuries. Shrapnel from the mortar explosion injured three cattle in O--- village, Shwe Yaung Pya village tract. One cow was owned by Naw D--- (36 years old), one cow was owned by Naw B--- (57 years old), and one cow was owned by Naw C--- (47 years old).
On the same day, from 4:37 to 9:20 pm, SAC LIB #9 shelled more than 17 mortar rounds in Tha Htoo Township. Two rounds landed in Chaung Maing Kon village without causing damage or injury, one round landed beside O--- village and another one landed in O--- village. The mortar explosion in O--- village damaged or/and destroyed six houses, including those owned by Naw Aa--- (59 years old), Naw Bb--- (45 years old), Naw Cc--- (60 years old), Saw Dd--- (57 years old) and Saw Ee--- (68 years old). Six mortar rounds landed beside K’Law Kher village, two rounds landed in an area between M’Ya Kon and K’Law Kher villages, and three rounds landed beside M’Ya Kon village; none causing injury or damage. Four rounds landed beside Htee Nya Paw village, without causing damage or injury.
At 5 pm, LIB #206 also shelled two rounds of mortar in an area between Htaw Pra village and Kaw Sa Taik factory, Noh Ta Shu village tract, without causing damage or injury.
g. December 10th 2023: Further SAC shelling
On December 10th 2023, from 6:50 to 7:30 pm, SAC Artillery Unit #314 shelled four rounds of mortar that landed beside Lah Aww Kher village cemetery, Shwe Yuang Pya village tract, Tha Htoo Township, causing no damage or injury.
On the same day, LIB #9 also shelled four mortar rounds which landed beside Htee Nya Paw village, Htee Nya Paw village tract, without causing damage or casualties.
Further background reading on the human rights situation in Doo Tha Htoo District can be found in the following KHRG reports:..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group
Date of publication:
2024-05-29
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-29
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) reports
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Sub-title:
"BECA Complaint Form နှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ အများပြည်သူသို့ သတင်းထုတ်ပြန်ချက်"
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၂/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၆ ခုနှစ်၊ ကဆုန်လဆုတ် ၃ ရက်နေ့
(၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ ၂၅ ရက်)
"BECA Complaint Form နှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ အများပြည်သူသို့ သတင်းထုတ်ပြန်ချက်"
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-05-25
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-25
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Individual Documents
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Description:
"This independent update, covering humanitarian developments up to 22 May, is produced by OCHA Myanmar under its global mandate, in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued mid-June 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
• The humanitarian crisis in Myanmar has entered a dangerous new chapter with entrenched conflict posing grave risks to civilians, stirring a worrying resurgence of inter-communal tension and driving record levels of displacement.
• The humanitarian situation in Rakhine is particularly alarming with fighting intensifying and intercommunal tensions simmering. Access restrictions remain severe despite soaring needs. With the peak of the dry season, water scarcity and cases of Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD) have been widely reported while an estimated 1.6 million people are now estimated to be without access to hospital care in central and northern Rakhine.
• In Kayin, an intense battle for control of the key border trading town of Myawaddy resulted in both internal displacement and fluid cross-border population movement. An estimated 4,000 people from Myawaddy Town and surrounding areas remain displaced along the Myanmar-Thai border.
• As the volatile monsoon season approaches, strong winds and heavy rain have already hit several townships in Chin, Magway, Sagaing, and northern Shan in recent months, causing damage and destruction to civilian properties and other structures.
• Despite these challenges, humanitarian partners continue to deliver assistance to the people in need, reaching almost 1 million people during the first quarter of 2024 despite gross underfunding.
• The 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) remains alarmingly under-resourced, with only 10 per cent of required funding received, according to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). This is despite the deepening needs, the surge in new displacement, and soaring inflation that have further stretched the grossly insufficient resources across clusters..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-05-24
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf
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838.81 KB
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Description:
"Highlights
• The number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has now surpassed 3 million, with children continuing to bear the heaviest burden of the continuing violence and experiencing grave violations of their rights. Sustained humanitarian action to provide a comprehensive package of services remains challenging.
• In Rakhine, water scarcity and increase of acute watery diarrhoea cases are exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities. UNICEF is providing safe water through water boating and trucking services to internally displaced persons’ camps and communities. In addition, UNICEF with support of the WASH cluster, is providing water purification chemicals for the treatment of key water sources and systems to reduce the spread of infection.
• While 300,000 children missed routine vaccinations, UNICEF has vaccinated 88,043 children aged under one year against measles and rubella as of February 2024.
• The significant funding gap against the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal persists. Securing timely and sufficient funding for immediate and sustained assistance is crucial to avert the worst outcomes for children and their families, especially with the onset of the monsoon season.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
The humanitarian situation continued to deteriorate across the country, with intensifying armed clashes leading to further displacement, increased security incidents, human rights violations and protection concerns. An additional 200,000 people were displaced internally over the past month. More than 3 million people are now internally displaced, 1 mainly in the northwest, where more than 1.5 million people have left their homes, followed by the southeast (932,900 people) and Rakhine (356,000).
In the southeast, fighting and airstrikes have escalated in Kawtkareik and Myawaddy since 11 April resulting in civilian injuries and deaths. In Loikaw, Hpasaung, Mawchi, Demoso and Bawlakhe in Kayah state, armed clashes between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF), ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and the people’s defence forces (PDFs) have also been escalating, with airstrikes and artillery shelling resulting in civilian casualties and the increasing risk of injuries from landmines. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Kayah need urgent humanitarian support; they are suffering from acute water shortages especially in Hpruso township in these driest periods. In southern Shan, armed conflict involving artillery shelling and airstrikes have escalated in Hsihseng, Nyaungshwe, Pinlaung, Pekon and Moebye with some casualties. EAOs had reportedly increased their efforts for further recruitment, while MAF enforced the conscription law. People displaced from Moebye, Hsihseng and Pinlaung are in dire need of humanitarian support, especially food and shelter.
In the northwest, the situation remains unchanged with continuing armed clashes and restrictions on movement and supplies. At least 5,200 IDPs require humanitarian assistance in Katha, Tigyaing and Indaw townships in northern Sagaing.
In Rakhine, armed clashes are intensifying with aerial bombardment, heavy shelling, and increasing grave protection concerns and exacerbating an already vulnerable situation. The escalation in conflict has seen huge needs emerge in previously stable areas. Armed clashes in the outskirts of Buthidaung ignited a new level of conflict in and around the town and displaced at least 15,000 people. 2 The entire population in Buthidaung are without essential services, including health care. Basic commodities and essential items, including fuel, are scarce and cash is very difficult to obtain. While many vulnerable IDPs in Rakhine are short of water, there has been an increase cases of acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) in Sittwe and Pauktaw, with most of those affected being children aged under 5 years. In addition, more than 165,000 people are newly displaced here since the intensification of conflict in November 2023. The risk of forced recruitment by all parties to the conflict is a major protection concern, particularly for the vulnerable Rohingya people. The closure of roads and waterways, restricted access, limited telecommunications and internet connections, and authorizations are hampering attempts to provide humanitarian assistance.
Data released by UNICEF on 4 April, the International Day of Mine Awareness and Assistance, showed a significant increase in civilian casualties – including many children – due the use of landmines and other explosive ordnance. There were 1,052 verified civilian casualties from landmine and explosive ordnance incidents during 2023 – nearly triple the 390 incidents recorded in 2022. More than 20 per cent of the victims were children..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-05-23
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-23
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Sub-title:
"၂၀၂၃ ခုနှစ်၊ အခြေခံပညာပြီးမြောက်ကြောင်း အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်မှတ်နှင့် စစ်ဆေးအကဲဖြတ်ရလဒ်မှတ်တမ်းများ ထုတ်ပေးမည့်ရက်ကို ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာခြင်း"
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနhttps://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၁/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၆ ခုနှစ်၊ တန်ခူးလဆုတ် ၁၂ ရက်နေ့
(၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ ၅ ရက်နေ့)
"၂၀၂၃ ခုနှစ်၊ အခြေခံပညာပြီးမြောက်ကြောင်း အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်မှတ်နှင့် စစ်ဆေးအကဲဖြတ်ရလဒ်မှတ်တမ်းများ ထုတ်ပေးမည့်ရက်ကို ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာခြင်း"
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-05-05
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
226.33 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၁၀/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၆ ခုနှစ်၊ ဦးတန်ခူးလဆုတ် ၉ ရက်
(၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ မေလ ၂ ရက်)
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ်
အသိအမှတ်ပြု သက်တမ်းတိုးခွင့်ရသည့် ကျောင်းများစာရင်း ကြေညာချက်
၁။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ၊ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသည် ကြားကာလတွင် ပညာသင်ယူခွင့် ဆုံးရှုံးနေသော ကျောင်းသား၊ ကျောင်းသူများ စဉ်ဆက်မပြတ် ပညာသင်ယူနိုင်ရန်အတွက် မြေပြင် ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများ၊ Online ကျောင်းများနှင့် ဆက်သွယ်ချိတ်ဆက် ပူးပေါင်း ဆောင်ရွက်လျက် ရှိပါသည်။
၂။ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာနသို့ အသိအမှတ်ပြု သက်တမ်းတိုးရန် လျှောက်လွှာတင်ထားသည့် ကျောင်းများအား ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန လေ့လာဆန်းစစ်အကဲဖြတ်ရေးဌာနမှ ကျောင်း၏ လုပ်ငန်းဆောင်ရွက်နေမှု အခြေအနေများကို လေ့လာဆန်းစစ်အကဲဖြတ်ခြင်း လုပ်ငန်းများ ဆောင်ရွက်ခဲ့ကြသည်။
၃။ လေ့လာဆန်းစစ်အကဲဖြတ်ရေးဌာန၏ သဘောထားမှတ်ချက်အရ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်း အသိအမှတ်ပြုမူဝါဒ (၁၁) ချက်နှင့် Information and Technology Security Guidelines များကို လိုက်နာဆောင်ရွက်ပါမည်ဟု ဝန်ခံကတိပြုထားသည့်အပေါ် ကျေနပ်ဖွယ်ရာ ဆောင်ရွက်ထားကြသည်ကိုတွေ့ရှိရသည့် အောက်ဖော်ပြပါ Online ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေး ကျောင်းများကို “ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်း” အဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြု သက်တမ်း တိုးပေးလိုက်သည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-05-02
Date of entry/update:
2024-05-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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pdf
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515.71 KB
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Description:
"“Echoes of displacement” is a video series about the daily life, dreams, and hopes of school-age girls displaced in Myanmar.
In February 2021, a military Coup and the resulting conflicts plunged Myanmar into a severe humanitarian crisis. More than 2.6 million people have been internally displaced (IDPs), including 2.3 million since the Coup d’État. Intensified fighting at the end of October 2023 forced over 600,000 people to flee their homes.
Life in Myanmar has changed ever since. Human rights and basic freedoms struggle to be guaranteed.
Education is suffering. Due to the ongoing conflict, schools are being attacked and many have been closed.
Being forced to flee from one place to another in search of safety prevents children from going to school regularly. Also, focusing on studying is hard because they work to help support their families.
In these contexts, providing access to humanitarian assistance including safe, inclusive, uninterrupted, and quality education not only fosters hope but also equips children with the necessary tools to build the future they wish for.
Fleeing to hope
When she was forced to leave school, she started working to help her family.
Now that she is back in class, she wants to have fun with her friends and make as many memories as possible.
(14-year-old girl, living in an IDP camp in Myanmar)
Unbroken spirits
Before leaving school because of COVID-19 and the war, she always participated in running contests organised by her school. She always won first or second prize.
She wishes that life will return the way it was before, and encourages young people of her age to keep going, no matter how difficult it may seem.
(16-year-old girl, living in an IDP camp in Myanmar)
Hope in the shadows
At the age of 26, she wanted to work as a nurse. After the Coup d’état, her life changed. Fear disrupted the peaceful life she knew.
Now she is committed to cultivating a culture of peace by calling for education to become a priority..."
Source/publisher:
Jesuit Refugee Service (Rome)
Date of publication:
2024-04-23
Date of entry/update:
2024-04-23
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights Education, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
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Description:
"1. On February 10, 2024, the military dictatorship reestablished the Conscription Law, which was enacted on November 4, 2010. Putting this law into effect has triggered more people in Myanmar suffering during the current political turmoil fomented by the State Administrative Council.
2. The interim university councils urge students, young people, and the public to face the difficulties imposed by the junta’s human rights violations by working for the success of the spring revolution.
3. As members of the interim university councils, we are aware of the concerns and worries of students, teachers, and the administrative staff. We are all fighting together with our people. Any students, teachers, or administrative staff who are in need of help should contact their respective university councils in order to ask for support and necessary information.
4. The interim university councils will collaborate with the township education boards, the vocational councils, teachers’ unions, student unions, labor unions, ethnic organizations, and the ministries under the National Unity Government, especially the Ministry of Education.
5. The interim university councils have strongly condemned the junta’s statement regarding the forced conscription of soldiers.....
The Interim University Councils..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-03-29
Date of entry/update:
2024-03-29
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
31.75 KB 195.6 KB
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Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာကဏ္ဍ
အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ အဓမ္မစစ်သားစုဆောင်းမှုနှင့် ပတ်သက်၍ ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်
၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ မတ်လ (၂၉) ရက်
၁။ တရားမဝင် အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်အုပ်စုသည် ၂၀၁၀ ပြည့်နှစ် နိုဝင်ဘာလ (၄) ရက်တွင် နအဖစစ်ကောင်စီ လက်ထက်က ထုတ်ပြန်ခဲ့သည့် ပြည်သူ့စစ်မှုထမ်း ဥပဒေ (၂၀၁၀) ကို ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ လ (၁၀) ရက်နေ့တွင် စတင်အသက်ဝင်သည်ဟု ကြေညာခဲ့သည်။ ၄င်းကြေညာချက်သည် အကြမ်း ဖက် စစ်အုပ်စုဖန်တီးထားသည့် အထွေထွေအကြပ်အတည်းများကြားတွင် ဒုက္ခပင်လယ်ဝေနေသည့် ပြည်သူလူထုတစ်ရပ်လုံးကို ထပ်မံ ပြင်းထန်စွာ ဖိနှိပ်လိုက်သော တရားမဝင်သည့် ကြေညာချက်သာ ဖြစ်သည်။
၂။ အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီ၏လုပ်ရပ်ဖြစ်သည့် လူ့အခွင့်အရေးချိုးဖောက်မှုတို့ကြောင့် ကျောင်းသား လူငယ်များနှင့် ပြည်သူတစ်ရပ်လုံး အနေဖြင့် ရင်ဆိုင်ကြုံတွေ့နေရသော စိုးရိမ်ကြောင့်ကြမှု အခြေ အနေများအား အတူတကွ ရင်ဆိုင်ကျော်ဖြတ်ကြရန်နှင့် နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေး၌ တတ်နိုင်သည့် ကဏ္ဍအသီးသီးမှ ဆက်လက်ပါဝင် တော်လှန်ကြပါရန် တိုက်တွန်းအပ်ပါသည်။
၃။ ကျောင်းသားများ၊ ဆရာများ၊ ဝန်ထမ်းများ၏ စိုးရိမ်ချက်ကို အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ ပညာရေး ဝန်ကြီးဌာန၊ ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများအနေဖြင့် အမှန်တကယ်သိရှိနားလည်ပြီး အဓမ္မ စစ်သားစုဆောင်းနေမှုများအား ဆန့်ကျင်လျက် ကျောင်းသားလူငယ်များ၊ ပြည်သူများနှင့်အတူ ဘက်ပေါင်းစုံမှ ပါဝင်တိုက်ပွဲဝင်လျက် ရှိပါသည်။ သို့ဖြစ်ပါ၍ အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ မတရား ကြေညာချက်ကို ငြင်းပယ်တော်လှန်လိုသော ကျောင်းသား/သူ၊ ဆရာ/မများ၊ ဝန်ထမ်းများအနေဖြင့် သတင်းအချက်အလက်များကို သိရှိနိုင်ရန်နှင့် အကူအညီများ တောင်းခံနိုင်ရန် မိမိတို့၏ သက်ဆိုင်ရာ တက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများသို့ ဆက်သွယ်နိုင်ပါသည်။
၄။ မိမိတို့ တက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများအနေဖြင့် အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန၊ မြို့နယ်အခြေခံ ပညာရေးဘုတ်အဖွဲ့များ၊ သက်မွေးပညာကောင်စီများ၊ ဆရာသမဂ္ဂများ၊ ကျောင်းသား သမဂ္ဂများ၊ အလုပ်သမားသမဂ္ဂများ၊ တိုင်းရင်းသားအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ နီးစပ်ရာ သပိတ်အင်အားစုများ၊ တော်လှန်ရေး အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ သက်ဆိုင်ရာဝန်ကြီးဌာနများနှင့် ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည် ဖြစ်ပါ သည်။
၅။ အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ အဓမ္မစစ်သားစုဆောင်းမှု ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်နှင့် ပတ်သက်၍ ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများက ပြင်းထန်စွာ ရှုတ်ချကန့်ကွက်ကြောင်း ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာလိုက်ပါ သည်။......
ကြားကာလတက္ကသိုလ်ကောင်စီများ..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-03-29
Date of entry/update:
2024-03-29
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"OVERVIEW:
Three years after the events of 1 February 2021, widespread conflict continues to drive displacement and exacerbate needs across multiple states and regions in Myanmar. Intensified airstrikes, artillery shelling, drone attacks as well as the use of antipersonnel landmines and cluster bombs are impacting forcibly displaced people and host communities, particularly in Rakhine State and the North-West Region. Humanitarian access constraints continued to expose people to various protection risks and restrict the delivery of critical assistance and protection. Coping capacities have been stretched to the limit, with food, emergency shelter and core relief items (CRIs) identified as the most urgent needs. The recent announcement of mandatory conscription by the de facto authorities has sparked fear among young men and women and an uptick in the number of people fleeing Myanmar into neighbouring countries, including Bangladesh. UNHCR continues to call for states to respect the principle of non-refoulement and advocate for access to safety and asylum as well as lifesaving and emergency services for Rohingya arrivals from Myanmar.
In Thailand, no new arrivals were recorded by the Royal Thai Government in February. Nevertheless, to support preparedness efforts, the Inter-Sector Working Group launched the 2024 Refugee Preparedness and Response Plan, an inter-agency document based on agreed scenarios and contingency planning discussions to support Thai authorities' response. In view of the current situation in Myanmar, 15 humanitarian agencies are planning for up to 40,000 arrivals from Myanmar by year-end.
The response focuses on seven sectors – education, food, health, CRIs, protection, shelter and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) – with a total ask of some $17 million.
In India, approximately 59,300 individuals from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection since February 2021.
Out of this population, 5,682 individuals are in New Delhi and have registered with UNHCR. During the reporting period, the Union Home Minister of India announced plans to fence the India-Myanmar border and discontinue the Free Movement Regime (FMR), citing rising insecurity. India and Myanmar currently share a largely unfenced border giving people from both countries residing close to the border the right to move into each other's territory without travel documents. On 17 February, the Mizoram Chief Minister expressed the state government’s opposition to these plans and on 28 February, the Mizoram assembly passed a resolution urging the Government of India to reconsider its decision. A five-member non-governmental organization (NGO) coordination committee in Mizoram also submitted a memorandum to the Union Home Minister opposing the proposal. In Manipur, the Chief Minister announced plans to identify and deport individuals who arrived and established residence in the state after 1961 due to the current instability and insecurity. The security situation in Manipur remains sensitive with incidents of violence and gunfights being reported from across the state. Despite the mounting humanitarian needs Myanmar arrivals in Mizoram and Manipur face, state governments and humanitarian agencies do not have sufficient resources to sustain the food, shelter, and WASH response. Access challenges due to the security situation and mobility restrictions in some locations in Manipur have also compounded the situation..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-03-25
Date of entry/update:
2024-03-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Sub-title:
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၉/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၅ ခုနှစ်၊ တပေါင်းလပြည့်ကျော် ၃ ရက်နေ့
( ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ မတ်လ ၂၇ ရက် )
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ်
အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-03-27
Date of entry/update:
2024-03-27
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Individual Documents
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"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments up to 3 March, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued end of March 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
• Across Myanmar 18.6 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in 2024, with people struggling to survive amid conflict and insecurity, civilian safety and protection threats, as well as soaring inflation that is affecting people’s ability to meet basic needs.
• Conflict spans various parts of the country with a deteriorating situation in Rakhine, as well as the Northwest and Southeast, driving new displacement. Nationwide, more than 2.7 million people are now displaced.
• In Rakhine, people were killed and injured in Sittwe when a stray shell, landed in the downtown market on 29 February.
• The closure of roads and waterways in Rakhine since the renewed conflict in November 2023 has led to food scarcity and other supply shortages, as well as increased prices of essential goods.
• The situation in northern Shan has been relatively stable following the ceasefire agreed in January. However, landmine contamination, recruitment by armed groups, isolated tensions and movement restrictions remain a threat to local communities. UN staff temporarily relocated from Lashio will soon be returning due to the improved security situation.
• Active fighting, administrative restrictions being imposed by all sides, and violence and harassment of humanitarian personnel remain key barriers to accessing affected people and providing lifesaving assistance.
• At least 3.2 million people were reached with assistance in 2023 however this support is not as deep or sustained as planned due to underfunding and access constraints.
• Through the 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan aid workers aim to reach 5.3 million people with urgent assistance for which $994 million is required. A repeat of 2023 funding levels (HRP 37 per cent funded) in 2024 would be catastrophic for affected people..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-03-03
Date of entry/update:
2024-03-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
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"OVERVIEW:
At the close of 2023, Myanmar was entrenched in a deepening humanitarian crisis with the civilian population facing new dimensions of conflict across multiple fronts that are driving surging displacement and escalating humanitarian needsincreasing fear for their lives and is now grappling with exhausted coping capacities. The humanitarian situation remained dire at year’s end, primarily fueled by profound protection risks from conflict and discrimination, compounded by a range of challenges such as food insecurity, a beleaguered health system, disrupted education, and the aftermath of Cyclone Mocha which struck Myanmar in May and affected more than three million people. Inflation and conflict have led to a sharp increase in the price of essential items, leaving vulnerable households hungry and economically distressed, pushing many to resort to negative coping measures for survival.
The final days of 2023 witnessed intense fighting across the majority of states and regions, compelling civilians to flee their homes, often multiple times, largely due to fears of indiscriminate attacks and the use of aerial bombardment. As of 31 December, more than 2.6 million people were estimated to be displaced nationwide, facing dire conditions and inadequate shelter, often in informal sites, with a desperate need for basic services like clean water. Those on the move are confronting escalating risks from explosive ordnance, and individuals in protracted displacement situations are seeing their vulnerabilities compounded over time. The cumulative impact of conflict, displacement, poverty, and natural disasters underscores the gravity of the humanitarian crisis in Myanmar, necessitating urgent and comprehensive interventions to alleviate the suffering of the affected population.
Humanitarian efforts in 2023 faced severe hindrances due to access constraints and bureaucratic impediments, with at least 142 arrests and detentions of aid workers reported. However, advocacy persists for expanded access to conflict areas, particularly in regions where bureaucratic hindrances have intensified since the escalation of conflict in late October. Despite these challenges, resilient humanitarian actors used a range of approaches to reach at least 3.2 million people with assistance at least once. It is also likely that actual reach is higher due to underreporting of assistance in conflict areas but this remains difficult to quantify. While the number of people reached is substantial in the circumstances, this reach falls short of the envisioned depth and sustainability due to substantial underfunding, resulting in an unprecedented level of unmet needs (1.8 million people missed), which is expected to persist into 2024. As of 31January 2024, funding against the 2023 Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan had reached $324 million which is only 37 per cent of the requested funding, leaving a significant $563 million funding gap. Urgent attention and a substantial increase in financial support for both humanitarian and development actors are imperative to bridge this gap in 2024.
Analysis of reach Humanitarians reached 65 per cent (3.2 million people) of the annual HRP target set at 5 million individuals, with more than half a million people impacted by cyclone Mocha assisted via a range of modalities. Notably, close to 1 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) received assistance during the course of the year, reflecting a concerted effort in 2023 to better address the needs of one of these critically vulnerable groups. This is a 33 per cent increase on the number of IDPs reached in 2022 but still means that there were significant gaps in assisting newly displaced people in hard-to-reach areas. Additionally, more than 1.8 million of people reached fall within the category of other crisis-affected people with humanitarian needs, highlighting the diverse challenges faced by the population and humanitarian efforts to support non-displaced populations due to the collapse of basic services and in the absence of large-scale development interventions. This is unsustainable in the longer-term and underscores the need for complimentary development funding to build community resilience.
The data also underscores a specific emphasis on children in the response, with the number of boys and girls reached steadily increasing each quarter, indicating an awareness of the vulnerabilities children face in crisis situations. Furthermore, there is a consistent and commendable effort to reach persons with disabilities, as reflected in the steadily increasing numbers throughout the year. This commitment has led to a more inclusive approach to humanitarian assistance, recognizing and actively addressing the specific challenges confronted by this group, though overall numbers of persons with disabilities reached still remain far behind those targeted for humanitarian assistance. The data also reveals a consistent trend wherein the number of women reached exceeds that of men, showcasing a heightened awareness of gender-specific vulnerabilities.
Thanks to the concentrated efforts of the clusters in enhancing outreach and bolstering partner capacity, the count of partners reporting their progress grew significantly from 222 in 2022 to 269 in 2023. Likewise, the overall number of participating cluster partners (those participating in cluster meetings and activities) increased from 238 in 2022 to 272 in 2023. The majority of partners are thus now regularly sharing their progress on their humanitarian response activities.
Despite formidable access constraints, humanitarian operations demonstrated resilience by expanding into hard-to-reach areas, achieving 64 per cent of those targeted in the Southeast. A notable increase was also seen in people reach figure from 269,600 at the end of 2022 to 536,000 in the close of 2023, reflecting a significant expansion in coverage of assistance. The Northeast and Rakhine experienced a notable scale-up in assistance, with rates of 112 per cent and 88 per cent respectively with the quarter 4 escalation in fighting and Cyclone Mocha likely to be key factors in the increased response effort in these areas. Encouragingly, the clusters covering education, food security, protection, and shelter/NFI/CCCM noted improved results against escalating needs reaching anywhere between 65 per cent up to 90 per cent of their targets by the conclusion of 2023. The Health Cluster reported only 31 per cent reach, although to some extent this is the result of underreporting of this type of activity..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-02-21
Date of entry/update:
2024-02-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
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662.54 KB
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Sub-title:
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၈/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၅ ခုနှစ်၊ တပို့တွဲလဆန်း ၁၁ ရက်နေ့
( ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၂၀ ရက် )
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းများအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုကြောင်း ကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-02-20
Date of entry/update:
2024-02-20
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Format :
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58.16 KB
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"၁။ ယနေ့တွင်ကျရောက်သည့် (၇၆) နှစ်မြောက် ချင်းအမျိုးသားနေ့တွင် ပြည်ထောင်စုဖွား ချင်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများအားလုံး ကိုယ်၊ စိတ် နှစ်ဖြာ ဘေးရန်ကင်းကွာပြီး ကျက်သရေမင်္ဂလာ အဖြာဖြာနှင့် ပြည့်စုံကြပါစေကြောင်း ဆုတောင်းမေတ္တာပို့သအပ်ပါသည်။
၂။ အမိမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်ကို နယ်ချဲ့တို့က (၃)ကြိမ်တိုင် ကျူးကျော်စစ် ဆင်နွှဲကာ သိမ်းပိုက်ခဲ့ပြီး နောက် တိုင်းပြည်လွတ်လပ်ရေးအတွက် တောင်တန်းမြေပြန့်မှ တိုင်းရင်းသားခေါင်းဆောင်ကြီးများ နှင့်အတူ ရဲရဲဝံ့ဝံ့ တိုက်ပွဲဝင်ကာ သမိုင်းဝင် ပင်လုံစာချုပ်ချုပ်ဆိုခဲ့သည့် တိုင်းရင်းသားများထဲတွင် ချင်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများလည်း အပါအဝင်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
၃။ နယ်ချဲ့ဆန့်ကျင်ရေး၊ အမျိုးသားလွတ်မြောက်ရေးလှုပ်ရှားမှုအပါအဝင်၊ နယ်မြေဒေသ အလိုက် မျိုးနွယ်စုအကြီးအကဲများ အုပ်ချုပ်သည့်စနစ်အစား ပြည်သူက ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်သည့် အစိုးရက အုပ်ချုပ်သော ဒီမိုကရေစီစနစ်ကို ကျင့်သုံးရန် ဆုံးဖြတ်ခဲ့ကြသည့်နေ့ကို ချင်းအမျိုးသားနေ့အဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်ကာ ယင်းသဘောကို အောက်မေ့ဆင်ခြင်ပြီး နှစ်စဉ်ကျင်းပလျက်ရှိပါသည်။
၄။ ၂၀၂၁ခုနှစ်အစောပိုင်းတွင် မင်းအောင်လှိုင်ဦးဆောင်သော အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်အုပ်စု၏ မအောင် မြင်သည့် အာဏာလုယူမှုဖြစ်စဉ်ပြီးနောက်တွင် တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံးက ပြည်သူများနှင့်အတူ ချင်းအမျိုးသားများသည်လည်း ငြိမ်းချမ်းစွာ ဆန္ဒထုတ်ဖော်မှုများ ပြုလုပ်ခဲ့ကြပါသည်။ ထိုကဲ့သို့ ငြိမ်းချမ်းစွာ ဆန္ဒထုတ်ဖော်နေမှုများကို အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်အုပ်စုက လက်နက်အားကိုးပြီး ရက်ရက်စက်စက် ပစ်ခတ်နှိမ်နင်းမှုများ ပြုလုပ်လာမှုကြောင့် လက်နက်ကိုင်ခုခံတော်လှန်ရေး အသွင်ပြောင်းလဲ လှုပ်ရှားခဲ့ရပါသည်။ ထိုကဲ့သို့ လက်နက်ကိုင်ခုခံတော်လှန်ရေးတွင် ချင်းအမျိုးသားတို့၏ တူမီးတော်လှန်ရေးသည် အထင်ကရနှင့် ထိရောက်အောင်မြင်မှုအရှိဆုံး တော်လှန်ရေးတစ်ရပ်အဖြစ် သမိုင်းဝင်လျက်ရှိပါသည်။
၅။ ထိုမျှသာမက ကမ္ဘာ့နိုင်ငံအနှံ့အပြားသို့ ရောက်ရှိနေထိုင်လျက်ရှိကြသည့် ပြည်ထောင်စုဖွား ချင်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများက စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ် အမြစ်ပြတ်ကျဆုံးစေရေးနှင့် ဖက်ဒရယ် ဒီမိုကရေစီနိုင်ငံသစ် ထူထောင်ရေး ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်(၂)ရပ်အပေါ် တက်တက်ကြွကြွ အားပေးထောက်ပံ့မှုများကိုလည်း များစွာအသိအမှတ်ပြုလေးစားရပါသည်။ ဒီမိုကရေစီကို ချစ်မြတ်နိုးပြီး ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဌာန်းအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ကို လေးစားတန်ဖိုးထားသည့် ချင်းအမျိုးသားများ၏ သမိုင်းအဆက်ဆက် တော်လှန်ရေးတိုက်ပွဲများအတွင်း ပေးဆပ်အနစ်နာခံမှုများကိုလည်း လေးစားဦးညွတ်ပါကြောင်း အလေးအနက်ဖော်ပြရင်း ဤဂုဏ်ပြုသဝဏ်လွှာအား ပေးပို့အပ်ပါသည်။......
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-02-20
Date of entry/update:
2024-02-20
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"HIGHLIGHTS:
The situation in Myanmar deteriorated significantly in the last quarter of 2023 with the escalation of armed clashes and increasing of grave violations against children. More than 2.6 million people are internally displaced by the end of 2023, an increase of 1.1 million since the same time in last year.
In 2023, UNICEF received 16.7 per cent of its Myanmar Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) appeal of US$ 217.9 million. Despite the huge funding gap and multiple constraints, UNICEF and its partner reached almost 1.8 million children and their families.
Despite the funding limitation, measles vaccination reached 93 per cent against the target. UNICEF and its partners able to support children’s education access up to 75 per cent of the target while 63 per cent of WASH supplies and 53 per cent achieved for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admissions due to the complementary funding and programmatic modalities.
SITUATION IN NUMBERS
5,800,000 Children in need of humanitarian assistance
18,100,000 People in need of humanitarian assistance
2,310,900 Internally displaced people after 1 February 2021
306,200 People in protracted displacement before Feb 2021
FUNDING OVERVIEW AND PARTNERSHIPS
UNICEF Myanmar appealed for US$217.9 million in 2023 to address the needs of 3.7 million people, including 2.3 million children. At the end of 2023, the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) remains severely underfunded with a funding gap of 83.3 per cent. UNICEF secured US$36.50 million (US$27.28 million in 2023 and $9.22 million carried over from 2022), representing 16.7 per cent of its 2023 HAC appeal. The humanitarian needs remain high going into 2024 as reflected in UNICEF’s 2024 HAC appeal.
In 2023, UNICEF received generous support from Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), the United States Fund for UNICEF, the European Commission’s Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Department (DG ECHO), the Government of Canada, the Government of Japan, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Government of Norway, the Royal Thai Government, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) along with the Central Emergency Response Fund, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Czech Committee for UNICEF, the French Committee for UNICEF, the German Committee for UNICEF and Gavi the Vaccine Alliance. UNICEF Myanmar also received internal allocations from global humanitarian thematic funding and the Emergency Programme Fund (EPF) loan to support the provision of the humanitarian response. Additionally, UNICEF provided humanitarian leadership and cluster coordination and strengthened protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA).
With this support, UNICEF delivered life-saving humanitarian assistance and ensured critical services reached almost 1.8 million children and their families in need. For the year 2024, UNICEF will scale up programmes and approaches to reach more vulnerable children and communities. UNICEF expresses its sincere appreciation to all private and public sector donors for their contributions in supporting the children of Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-02-14
Date of entry/update:
2024-02-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"An airstrike by the Myanmar military on a school in Daw Si Ei village in Kayah State on 5 February left 4 children dead and 10 injured. The school teaches children aged 5-14 years of age. The air strike destroyed 90% of the school building.
On the International Day to Protect Education from Attack in 2023, the UN listed Myanmar among Ukraine and Burkina Faso as the three countries with the largest number of attacks against education..."
Source/publisher:
European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
Date of publication:
2024-02-06
Date of entry/update:
2024-02-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Children's rights: reports of violations in Burma against more than one ethnic group, Human Rights and international relations
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"Vision.....
In order to preserve and promote the unique characters and identities of diverse ethnic communities that form our nation, we envision the establishment of a federal democratic union that upholds the principles of democracy, national equality and self-determination in its constituent states.....
Objectives......
A. To overturn the usurpation of state power by the military, and to terminate the involvement of the armed forces in politics.
B. To ensure that all armed forces operate solely under the command of a civilian government elected through democratic processes.
C. To abrogate the constitution of 2008 in its entirety, and to quash all attempts to reinstate its provisions.
D. To draft and promulgate a new constitution that embodies federalism and democratic values, garnering the consensus of all relevant parties,
E. To establish a new federal democratic union in accordance with the proposed federal democratic constitution.
F. To institute a system of transitional justice in order to address and remedy the injustices inflicted upon innocent parties throughout the conflict.....
Positions.....
A. We declare the seizure of state power by the Myanmar military on 1 February 2021 to be devoid of any legitimacy, and thus oppose and reject this seizure unequivocally.
B. This seizure of power was in violation of the constitution of 2008, which was itself authored and imposed unilaterally by the military. The military’s own actions through their unconstitutional act have invalidated the 2008 constitution.
C. The outcome of the 2020 general election should not be construed as an endorsement of the political framework outlined in the 2008 constitution but as a mandate for revolutionary change and the establishment of a new political system. The will of the voters, as demonstrated in the election results, bestows legitimacy upon the bodies working to reverse the military coup d’état and to implement a new political system, specifically, the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) and the National Unity Government (NUG). The stewardship of the nation in the post-revolutionary era shall be entrusted to all relevant parties in the cause of the revolution; it is under their collective leadership that we will forge a new nation.
D. Any election held under the provisions of the constitution of 2008 would not serve to restore democracy; it would merely serve to perpetuate military rule indefinitely.
E. The armed forces shall hold no right to participate in any future political discourse.
F. A new federal democratic constitution formulated with the consensus of all relevant parties is imperative for assuring self-determination, national equality, democracy, peace and stability.
G. We reject any initiatives to monopolise political power exclusively among the privileged.
H. We pledge to engage constructively with the efforts of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the United Nations in seeking viable solutions for Myanmar.
I. Our commitment to peaceful coexistence with neighbours shall stand as a cornerstone for regional peace and stability.
Action Plans
A. Continued political and military pressure (internal and external) against the military junta.
B. Negotiations with the responsible leadership of the Myanmar military to terminate military rule and for peaceful transition of power, subject to their unconditional acceptance of the six political objectives.
C. Upon overturning of military rule and final annihilation of the military junta or a military-backed administration, establishment of a Transitional National Unity Government (T-NUG) for a federal level and transitional state/federal unit governments to achieve peace, stability and reconstruction.
C-1. Enactment of a transitional federal democratic constitution involving all parties and entities that participated in the revolution against the military dictatorship.
C-2. Formation of a Transitional National Unity Government (T-NUG) in the post-revolutionary period, led collectively by representatives of allied revolutionary groups, in accordance with the transitional constitution.
C-3. Federal units to freely constitute local governments at respective state/federal unit level.
D. Convention of a nationwide political conference involving all interested parties to deliberate on the establishment of a federal democratic union.
D-1. Establishment of state/federal units and demarcation of state/federal unit boundaries through peaceful political discourse, involving all main stakeholders during the transitional period.
E. Drafting and promulgation of a federal democratic constitution.
F. Establishment of a new federal democratic union.
To bring to fruition the vision, objectives, and positions we have stated, and to implement the action plans we have detailed, we are committed to the creation of robust mechanisms for cooperation across all strategically significant sectors. Moreover, we pledge to persist in our revolutionary endeavours, maintaining unwavering cooperation and collaboration with our allied revolutionary forces.
Contacts:
1. Salai Htet Ni (CNF) (+91 69097 51721)
2. Aung Sun Myint (KNPP) (+66 307 49087)
3. P’doh Saw Tah Doh Moo (KNU) (+66 646459113)
4. U Tin Tun Naing (NUG) (+1 9383007007)..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-31
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"မျှော်မှန်းချက် (Vision)
ပြည်ထောင်စုအတွင်းနေထိုင်ကြသည့် စုံလင်ကွဲပြားသော လူမျိုးများ၏ သရုပ်လက္ခဏာ (Identity) များကို ကာကွယ်မြှင့်တင်ပေးသည့် ဒီမိုကရေစီရေး၊ အမျိုးသားတန်းတူရေးနှင့် ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဋ္ဌာန်းခွင့် အခွင့်အရေးများအပြည့်အဝရှိသော ပြည်နယ်များဖြင့် စုဖွဲ့ထားသည့် ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီပြည်ထောင်စု တည်ဆောက်ရန်
ဦးတည်ချက် (Objectives)
(က) စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းထားမှုကို ဖယ်ရှားပြီး မြန်မာစစ်တပ်၏ နိုင်ငံရေး၌ ပါဝင်နေခြင်းအား အဆုံးသတ်ရန်
(ခ) လက်နက်ကိုင်တပ်ဖွဲ့များအားလုံးကို ဒီမိုကရေစီနည်းကျ ရွေးကောက်တင်မြှောက် ထားသည့် အရပ်သားအစိုးရ၏ စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်မှုအောက်၌ အပြည့်အဝထားရှိရန်
(ဂ) ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေကို အပြီးတိုင်ဖျက်သိမ်းရန်နှင့် ယင်းကို ပြန်လည်အသက်သွင်းရန် ကြိုးပမ်းမှုမှန်သမျှ တိုက်ဖျက်ရန်
(ဃ) သက်ဆိုင်သူများအားလုံး လက်ခံနိုင်သော ဖက်ဒရယ်နှင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီစနစ်ကို အခြေခံသည့် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ အခြေခံဥပဒေ ရေးဆွဲပြဋ္ဌာန်းရန်
(င) ထွက်ပေါ်လာသော ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနှင့်အညီ ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီပြည်ထောင်စုအသစ်အား တည်ဆောက်ရန်
(စ) ပဋိပက္ခအတွင်း မတရားကျူးလွန်ခံရသူများအတွက် တရားမျှတမှုရရှိရေး နှင့် အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလ တရားမျှတမှုရရှိရေး လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်ဖော်ဆောင်ရန်
ရပ်တည်ချက် (Position)
(က) မြန်မာစစ်တပ်၏ ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ (၁) ရက်နေ့ အာဏာသိမ်းမှုသည် တရားမ၀င်ကြောင်း ကြေညာပြီး အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကို အကြွင်းမဲ့ ဆန့်ကျင်ရှုတ်ချသည်။
(ခ) အာဏာသိမ်းမှုသည် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်ကိုယ်တိုင် တဖက်သတ် ရေးဆွဲပြဋ္ဌာန်းခဲ့သည့် ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ အခြေခံဥပဒေပါ ပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်များကို ချိုးဖောက်ခဲ့သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေသည် တရားမဝင်တော့ပါ။
(ဂ) ၂၀၂၀ရွေးကောက်ပွဲရလဒ်သည် ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေအောက်ရှိ နိုင်ငံရေးစနစ်ကို အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ရန်မဟုတ်ဘဲ တော်လှန်ရေးအောင်မြင်ရေးနှင့် စနစ်ပြောင်းနိုင်ငံရေး တည်ဆောက်မှု အတွက် အသုံးချရန် ဖြစ်သည်။
ထိုသို့အသုံးချခြင်းသည် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းယူမှုကို ဖယ်ရှားရေး နှင့် စနစ်ပြောင်းနိုင်ငံရေး တည်ဆောက်မှုအတွက် ပြည်သူ့တော်လှန်ရေးတွင် ပါဝင်နေကြသော ပြည်ထောင်စုလွှတ်တော် ကိုယ်စားပြုကော်မတီ (CRPH) နှင့် အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ (NUG) တို့အား ပြည်သူလူထု၏ မဲပေးရွေးချယ်မှုအခန်းကဏ္ဍကို အသိအမှတ်ပြုခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။ တော်လှန်ရေးအလွန်ကာလ နိုင်ငံရေးဦးဆောင်မှုသည် အာဏာရှင်စနစ် တော်လှန်ရေးတွင် ပါဝင်ခဲ့သော သက်ဆိုင်သည့် နိုင်ငံရေးအစုအဖွဲ့များ၏ စုပေါင်းပါဝင်ဦးဆောင်မှုဖြင့် နိုင်ငံသစ် တည်ဆောက်သွားရန် ဖြစ်သည်။
(ဃ) ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေအရ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကျင်းပရန် ကြိုးပမ်းခြင်းသည် ဒီမိုကရေစီကို ပြန်လည်ဖော်ဆောင်နိုင်မည်မဟုတ်သည့်အပြင် အာဏာသိမ်းမှု တရားဝင်ဖြစ်စေပြီး မြန်မာစစ်တပ်ကို ကာလ အကန့်အသတ်မရှိ အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့် ပေးခြင်းသာ ဖြစ်မည်။
(င) စစ်တပ်သည် အနာဂတ် နိုင်ငံရေးလုပ်ငန်းစဉ်တွင် ပါဝင်ခွင့် မရှိစေရ။
(စ) ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဋ္ဌာန်းခွင့်၊ အမျိုးသားတန်းတူရေး၊ ဒီမိုကရေစီရေး၊ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးနှင့် တည်ငြိမ်ရေး ပြန်လည်ဖော်ဆောင်ရန် သက်ဆိုင်သူများအားလုံး လက်ခံနိုင်သည့် ဖက်ဒရယ်နှင့်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေသစ် တစ်ရပ် လိုအပ်သည်။
(ဆ) နိုင်ငံရေးအခွင့်ထူးခံများအချင်းချင်းအကြား ပြုလုပ်သည့် အာဏာခွဲဝေမှုကို လက်ခံမည် မဟုတ်ပါ။
(ဇ) အရှေ့တောင်အာရှနိုင်ငံများအသင်းနှင့် ကမ္ဘာ့ကုလသမဂ္ဂတို့၏ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံဆိုင်ရာ အဖြေရှာမှု လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များတွင် ညှိနှိုင်း ပူးပေါင်းပါဝင်သွားမည်။
(ဈ) ဒေသအတွင်းငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးနှင့်တည်ငြိမ်ရေးကို ဦးတည်ပြီး အိမ်နီးချင်းနိုင်ငံများနှင့် ငြိမ်းချမ်းစွာ ယှဉ်တွဲ နေထိုင်သွားမည်။
လုပ်ငန်းစဉ် အဆင့်ဆင့်
(က) စစ်ကောင်စီ/မြန်မာစစ်တပ် အား စစ်ရေး၊ နိုင်ငံရေး (ပြည်တွင်း/ပြည်ပ) ဖိအားပေးခြင်း။
(ခ) မြန်မာစစ်တပ်တာဝန်ရှိသူများအနေဖြင့် နိုင်ငံရေးဦးတည်ချက် (၆) ရပ်အား လက်ခံလာလျှင် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု အဆုံးသတ်ခြင်းနှင့် အေးချမ်းတည်ငြိမ်စွာ အာဏာလွှဲပြောင်းခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ ကိစ္စရပ်များအတွက် ဆွေးနွေးခြင်း။
(ဂ) စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု အဆုံးသတ်၍ စစ်ကောင်စီ (သို့) မြန်မာစစ်တပ်ကျောထောက်နောက်ခံ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအဖွဲ့အား အပြီးသတ်ဖယ်ရှားပြီးနောက် ဖက်ဒရယ်အဆင့်အတွက် အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ (T-NUG) နှင့် အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလ ပြည်နယ်/ဖက်ဒရယ်ယူနစ် အစိုးရများဖွဲ့စည်းပြီး နိုင်ငံတည်ငြိမ်အေးချမ်းရေးအတွက် ပြန်လည်တည်ဆောက်ခြင်း။
(ဂ-၁) အာဏာရှင်စနစ်တော်လှန်ရေးတွင် ပါဝင်ခဲ့သော သက်ဆိုင်သည့် နိုင်ငံရေးအစုအဖွဲ့များ ပါဝင်၍ အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလ ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ ရေးဆွဲပြဋ္ဌာန်းခြင်း။
(ဂ-၂) တော်လှန်ရေးအလွန်တွင် တော်လှန်ရေးအင်အားစုများမှ ပါဝင်သင့်သူများပါဝင်၍ စုပေါင်း ခေါင်းဆောင်မှုနှင့် အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနှင့်အညီ အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ (T-NUG) ကိုဖွဲ့စည်းခြင်း။
(ဂ-၃) ဖက်ဒရယ်ယူနစ်အစိုးရများကို သက်ဆိုင်ရာ ပြည်နယ်/ဖက်ဒရယ်ယူနစ်အလိုက်လွတ်လပ်စွာ ဖွဲ့စည်းခြင်း။
(ဃ) သက်ဆိုင်သူများအားလုံးပါဝင်သော နိုင်ငံလုံးဆိုင်ရာ နိုင်ငံရေးဆွေးနွေးပွဲပြုလုပ်၍ ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ပြည်ထောင်စုဖေါ်ဆောင်ရေးဆိုင်ရာ ကိစ္စရပ်များ ဆွေးနွေးချမှတ်ခြင်း။
(ဃ-၁)ပြည်နယ်/ဖက်ဒရယ်ယူနစ်များ သတ်မှတ်ဖွဲ့စည်းရေးနှင့် ပြည်နယ်/ဖက်ဒရယ်ယူနစ်များ၏ နယ်နိမိတ်ပိုင်းခြားသတ်မှတ်ရေးကိစ္စကို အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလ ရောက်ရှိသည့်အခါ အဓိက သက်ဆိုင်သူအားလုံးပါဝင်သော နိုင်ငံရေးဆွေးနွေးပွဲများတွင် ငြိမ်းချမ်းစွာညှိနှိုင်း ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်း။
(င) ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေသစ် ရေးဆွဲပြဋ္ဌာန်းခြင်း။
(စ) ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ပြည်ထောင်စုသစ်အား တည်ဆောက် အကောင်အထည်ဖေါ်ခြင်း။
ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် ဤ နိုင်ငံရေးမျှော်မှန်းချက်၊ ဦးတည်ချက်၊ ရပ်တည်ချက်နှင့် လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များ လက်တွေ့ အကောင်အထည်ဖော်နိုင်ရန်အတွက် မဟာဗျူဟာအရအရေးကြီးသည့် ကဏ္ဍစုံတွင် ပူးပေါင်းညှိနှိုင်းရေး ယန္တရားများ ဖွဲ့စည်းဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည် ဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့အပြင် သက်ဆိုင်သည့် တော်လှန်ရေးမဟာမိတ် အင်အားစုများနှင့်လည်း ဆက်လက်ပူးပေါင်းညှိနှိုင်း၍ အစွမ်းကုန် ဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည် ဖြစ်သည်။
ဆက်သွယ်ရန်-
၁။ ဆလိုင်းထက်နီ (CNF) (+91 69097 51721)
၂။ အောင်ဆန်းမြင့် (KNPP) (+66 307 49087)
၃။ ပဒိုစောတာဒိုမူး (KNU) (+66 646459113)
၄။ ဦးတင်ထွန်းနိုင် (NUG) (+1 9383007007)..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Sub-title:
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုခြင်းမှ ရပ်ဆိုင်းကြောင်းကြေညာချက်
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၆/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၆ ရက်နေ့
( ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇန်နဝါရီလ ၃၁ ရက် )
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုခြင်းမှ ရပ်ဆိုင်းကြောင်းကြေညာချက်..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
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105.65 KB
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Description:
"OVERVIEW
In Myanmar, the humanitarian situation remained precarious following the escalation of violence since 26 October 2023 with armed clashes, artillery shelling, and indiscriminate shooting reported in about two thirds of the country. According to the UN, the number of displaced people inside Myanmar now exceeds 2.6 million.
Almost 800,000 people have been newly displaced since late-October, out of whom 164,000 have either returned to their places of origin or fled for a second time across the North-West, North-East, South-East and Rakhine State. Deepening violence, rising poverty levels, and deteriorating living conditions are having a devastating impact on people’s lives. The situation has also been further compounded by the closure of roads and waterways, movement restrictions and telecommunication challenges, all of which are undermining humanitarian actors’ engagement with affected communities and limiting people’s access to critical services.
UNHCR and partners are exploring ways to adapt to the volatile situation and respond to the urgent needs on the ground.
In Thailand, some 1,400 refugees were sheltered in two Temporary Safety Areas (TSA) in Mae Hong Son Province (170 in Mae Sariang District and 1,249 in Mueang District), according to the Mae Hong Son Border Command Centre. In December, 968 refugees residing in different TSAs returned to Myanmar. Kyaw Pla Kee TSA in Mae Sariang was also closed during the reporting period.
In India, around 59,200 individuals from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection since February 2021. Out of this population, some 5,500 individuals are in New Delhi and have registered with UNHCR. Since November 2023, more than 6,500 people have arrived in the Champhai and Siaha districts of Mizoram and 2,000 people in Manipur’s Kamjong District. New arrivals are currently living in cramped conditions in community halls, schools as well as with host families whose resources are already over-stretched. District administrations, NGOs and community-based organizations are providing critical humanitarian support. Food, water, core-relief items (CRIs), and shelter are the most immediate needs although resources are limited..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-01-26
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-26
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
13.09 MB
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Sub-title:
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ သဘောထားထုတ်ပြန်ချက်
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၄/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၁ ရက်နေ့
( ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇန်နဝါရီလ ၂၆ ရက် )
ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးကျောင်းအဖြစ် အသိအမှတ်ပြုခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ သဘောထားထုတ်ပြန်ချက်..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-01-26
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-26
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Individual Documents
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pdf
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171.96 KB
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Sub-title:
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန၏ အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်မှတ်ရရှိထားသော ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးအွန်လိုင်းကျောင်းများစာရင်း စုစည်းထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာခြင်း
Description:
"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန
https://moe.nugmyanmar.org
ကြေညာချက်အမှတ် (၅/၂၀၂၄)
၁၃၈၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၁ ရက်နေ့
( ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဇန်နဝါရီလ ၂၆ ရက် )
ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန၏ အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်မှတ်ရရှိထားသော ကြားကာလအခြေခံပညာ ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေးအွန်လိုင်းကျောင်းများစာရင်း စုစည်းထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာခြင်း..."
Source/publisher:
National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2024-01-26
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-26
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
586.18 KB
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Description:
"HIGHLIGHTS AND KEY MESSAGES
2023 drew to a close with continued intense fighting across vast swathes of the country, record displacement, and pervasive protection threats facing the civilian population.
The escalation in fighting since the end of October 2023 has persisted for more than two months and is the largest in scale and most extensive geographically since early 2021.
At the end of 2023, more than 2.6 million people were estimated to be displaced nationwide, with an estimated 628,000 people forced to flee since the intensification of fighting at the end of October.
Humanitarians continue to face heavy access constraints and bureaucratic impediment. More than 142 aid worker arrests and detentions by parties to the conflict were self-reported by humanitarian organizations between January and November 2023.
Advocacy continues for expanded access to conflict areas, especially in areas where bureaucratic impediments have accelerated since the conflict escalation at the end of October.
Humanitarians have stayed and delivered in 2023, reaching at least 2.5 million people with assistance in the first 9 months of the year and expecting to have assisted 3.1 million people by year’s end.
However, this reach is not as deep or sustained as planned due to gross underfunding of the response, leaving significant unmet needs that are flowing into 2024.
The 2023 Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan received just 32 per cent of requested funding in 2023, leaving a $600 million funding gap.
The 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan has been published identifying a record 18.6 million people in need, up from 17.6 million in 2023. The Plan prioritizes 5.3 million people for urgent assistance in 2024 for which $994 million is required. The Myanmar translation of the 2024 HNRP executive summary can be found here.
Nearly three years since the military takeover, the crisis in Myanmar risks becoming a forgotten emergency. The situation demands immediate and sustained international attention in 2024 to raise the funds required to alleviate suffering and save lives.
KEY FIGURES*
2.6M Total people currently internally displaced across Myanmar
2.3M People currently displaced by clashes and insecurity since February 2021
306K People who remain internally displaced due to conflict prior to February 2021, mainly in Rakhine, Kachin, Chin, and Shan
18.6M People in Need 2024
5.3M People targeted for assistance 2024
$994M Requirement 2024
* Displacement figures fluctuate during any given month. These figures represent the number of people currently verified as displaced. Cumulative numbers for returns and displacement are not always available.
2023 YEAR-END SITUATION OVERVIEW
Myanmar stands at the precipice at the end of 2023 with a deepening humanitarian crisis that has spiralled since the February 2021. The civilian population is living in fear for their lives, with coping capacities stretched to the limit. The crisis is now marked by surging displacement, a fragile security environment, profound protection threats and escalating unmet needs. The humanitarian situation remains grim at year’s end, largely fuelled by protection risks and conflict, compounded by a myriad of challenges, including food insecurity, a health system in crisis, disrupted education, huge numbers of people on the move amid fears for their safety, and the aftermath of Cyclone Mocha which struck Myanmar in May affecting 3 million people. Inflation and conflict are driving up the price of food, fuel, and other basic items, leaving vulnerable households hungry and in economic distress with increasing numbers resorting to negative coping measures to survive.
The final days of 2023 have been marked by continued intense fighting across a majority of states and regions, with civilians fleeing their homes often multiple times, in large part due to fears over attacks. As of 25 December, more than 2.6 million people estimated were displaced nationwide, with most surviving in terrible conditions, lacking adequate shelter, most often in informal sites and in desperate need of access to basic services such as clean water. People on the move continue to be exposed to escalating explosive ordnance risks, and those in situations of protracted displacement face intensification of their vulnerabilities over time..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-01-12
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-12
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights and international relations, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar
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Format :
pdf
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895.24 KB
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"Highlights
More than 2.6 million people nationally are internally displaced and in need of life-saving assistance. The escalation of conflict has a disproportionate impact on children with suffering mental health and psychosocial impacts from witnessing or experiencing violence, as well as new or prolonged displacement.
A total of 858 casualties have been reported nationwide in the first nine months of 2023, injured by landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW); 22 per cent of the casualties were children.
29,980 people received mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) at child-friendly spaces, community centres, from mobile teams, and by remote counselling.
The funding gap of 84.8 per cent is severely affecting UNICEF’s capacity to respond effectively; especially children who need basic social services, will not be able to receive humanitarian assistance.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
At the end of 2023, more than 2.6 million people are internally displaced with the need for life-saving assistance. More than 660,000 people are estimated to be newly displaced in northern and southern Shan, Rakhine, the southeast and the northwest regions. In addition, at least 378 civilians have reportedly been killed and 505 injured since the escalation of armed conflict that began in late October. The key challenge for humanitarian workers is the restriction of movement, including the use of roadblocks. Inflation and the depreciation of the local currency is affecting the flow of commodities, depleting stocks in the markets and sharply increasing the price of essential items. The lack of fuel is affecting transportation, telecommunications, the agricultural and industrial sectors and is impacting the delivery of supplies to internally displaced persons in conflict-affected townships. Telecommunications and internet services in Kachin have been extremely unreliable, with limited or no access in some areas as well as in the northwest and Kayah impacting the displaced population’s access to services and information.
The escalation of conflict has a disproportionate impact on children. Children suffer mental health and psychosocial impacts from witnessing or experiencing violence, as well as new or prolonged displacement.
In northern Shan, the conflict remains intense with continuous fighting across several townships. Artillery shelling and multiple airstrikes have increased the number of civilian casualties, with unverified reports of 130 civilians killed and 210 injured since the fighting escalated. Some 104,300 people are newly displaced in northern Shan, as well as in Kachin and Mandalay, while almost 20,000 people have returned home, particularly to nearby villages at Lashio township. Lashio airport has been closed for seven weeks and access by road is worsening, with increased restrictions on humanitarian supplies at various checkpoints.
All townships in Rakhine State continue to be affected by severe blockades, movement restrictions, arbitrary arrests, and artillery shelling; 37 civilian deaths and 121 injuries were reported. Arbitrary arrests have escalated across Rakhine, with more than 190 people placed in detention; humanitarian workers have also been affected by this. Some 114,700 people have been newly displaced due to the ongoing fighting.
Across the northwest and central Myanmar, the intensifying conflict has resulted in 118 civilian deaths and 73 injured with more than 314,000 people newly displaced. More than one million people are now displaced in Sagaing region, and more than 60 per cent of the population displaced after February 2021 remains in the northwest region. Humanitarian workers and some 110 civilians have been reportedly arrested since early December. Landmines and unexploded ordnance pose a major risk in the northwest. An estimated 150,000 internally displaced people in Kawlin and Tigyaing townships in Sagaing have no access to humanitarian assistance.
In the southeast, intense clashes are increasing, especially in Kawtkareik, Kyainnseikkyi and Hpapun in Kayin and Nyaunglebin and Kyaukkyi in Bago East. More than 136,000 people have been newly displaced since the escalation began with 93 civilians reported dead, and 101 injured, many of them along the Shan-Kayah border. Access to, and transportation of, essential supplies are heavily restricted, especially in Kayah..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-01-10
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
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453.39 KB
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Description:
"HIGHLIGHTS:
The situation of children has worsened and remains a significant concern in Myanmar, with ongoing and escalating conflict leading to multiple displacements and the deterioration of social services in conflict-affected communities. Cyclone Mocha, which hit in May 2023, caused widespread destruction in five states, and seasonal monsoons negatively impacted already vulnerable communities. More than 18.6 million people, including 6 million children, are in need of humanitarian assistance.
UNICEF's humanitarian strategy focuses on working with local civil society organizations, non-governmental organizations and other United Nations agencies to broaden the humanitarian response for children in all conflict-affected states and regions.
For 2024, UNICEF is appealing for $208.3 million to provide life-saving humanitarian assistance to 3.1 million people, including 2.1 million children. UNICEF aims to reach 850,000 people with critical WASH supplies; 350,000 children and women with primary health care services; and more than 890,000 children with education.
HUMANITARIAN SITUATION AND NEEDS
The worsening situation of children remains a significant concern in Myanmar, with ongoing and escalating conflict leading to multiple displacements and the deterioration of social services in conflict-affected communities. Nearly 2 million people were displaced internally as of the end of October 2023, including 306,200 people who had been displaced prior to the military takeover in February 2021. Adding to this, in 2023, Cyclone Mocha caused widespread destruction in five states, and seasonal monsoons negatively impacted already vulnerable communities. Altogether, more than 18.6 million people, including 6 million children, require humanitarian assistance.
Grave child rights violations persist, mainly due to the indiscriminate use of heavy weapons, airstrikes, explosive ordnance and recruitment and use of children. Attacks on schools and hospitals continue at alarming levels. Approximately 4.5 million children need education support because of disruption to safe learning opportunities.12 Women and children face significant risks of violence, including gender-based violence, exploitation and abuse. Children and adults with disabilities are especially vulnerable and have limited access to services that meet their disability-specific needs.
A deteriorating economic situation has limited livelihood opportunities, further worsening the plight of the most vulnerable people. More than 55 per cent of children live in poverty, while three quarters of displaced households’ basic needs are unmet. Access to water and life-saving services has deteriorated: a significant number of children are still not able to access basic health and nutrition interventions due to insecurity and other forms of restriction. The under-five mortality rate of 42 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022 remains the highest in the region, and up to 75 per cent of children aged 6–23 months do not eat a minimum acceptable diet. Although immunization coverage increased to approximately 70 per cent in 2022 from 37 per cent in 2021, an estimated 1 million children missed basic vaccines from 2018 to 2022.
Camp closures and the forced return or relocation of displaced people, particularly in Kachin, Shan and Rakhine States pose protection risks for children. Armed clashes, widespread presence of landmines and unexploded ordinance and a lack of basic services remain obstacles to return. And the proposed Rohingya repatriation from Bangladesh in the absence of conditions for voluntary and safe returns will present further protection concerns in 2024.
Military operations, ongoing hostilities and administrative constraints (e.g., travel authorization-related delays and movement restrictions) impede access of humanitarian actors to people in need, impacting the timely delivery of programme supplies. The politicization of humanitarian assistance compounds this challenge..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-12-11
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.72 MB
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Description:
"Myanmar faces a protracted learning crisis where the COVID-19 pandemic was compounded by a coup in February 2021, which furthered school closures. Save the Children created Catch-up Clubs (CuCs) to support children’s remedial learning in a matter of weeks and address barriers to children’s successful return to school in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. An innovative model that offers community-led, play-based literacy instruction to children grouped by ability, not age, CuCs assess children’s foundational literacy and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), while addressing child protection and economic barriers to education. CuCs were piloted with over 3000 children in upper primary to lower secondary grades across 36 communities in the conflict-affected states of Rakhine and Kayin in Myanmar. This quasi-natural experimental impact evaluation investigated the cause-and-effect relationship between CuCs and children's literacy outcomes and SEL competencies. The study was contextually adapted to consider children affected by conflict, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. The results show that children who participated in CuCs had significantly higher literacy level and SEL competency than children who did not participate. Children participating in CuCs also showed greater self-confidence and educational aspirations to remain in education or continue their schooling to a higher level..."
Source/publisher:
Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies
Date of publication:
2023-12-18
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights Education, Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.09 MB
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Description:
"Foreword
As we publish this 2024 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP), escalating fighting, surging displacement and extreme protection threats are now impacting vast swathes of the country, compounding the devastating impacts of Cyclone Mocha in May, and placing the people of Myanmar in increasing peril.
Three years on from the military takeover, the humanitarian landscape for 2024 is grim with a third of the population – 18.6 million people – now estimated to be in humanitarian need. Children are bearing the brunt of the crisis with 6 million children in need as a result of displacement, interrupted health-care and education, food insecurity and malnutrition, and protection risks including forced recruitment and mental distress. The economic situation is placing families in increasing financial distress and coping capacities are stretched to the limit. Interruptions to agriculture and rapid inflation are making it increasingly difficult for people to access and afford adequate food, raising the spectre of climbing malnutrition. The health system is in crisis and millions are without safe shelter or drinking water.
Women, girls, persons with disabilities and stateless Rohingya people are among those impacted the most by this dangerous environment. Development gains are concurrently under extreme threat with poverty now back at levels not seen for 15 years.
This Plan paints a deeply disturbing picture that demands global attention and a dramatic increase in funding. Humanitarians require almost a billion dollars to reach 5.3 million people who have been prioritized for urgent assistance. We cannot afford a repeat of the gross underfunding seen in 2023 with only 29 per cent of requirements received. This lack of funding and severe access constraints meant that an estimated 1.9 million people who had been prioritized for support missed out on assistance altogether, while most of the 3.1 million people who were reached with some support did not receive the intended multi-sectoral assistance required to fully meet their needs. Brave aid workers – the majority of them local organizations on the front line of the response – remain committed to staying and delivering and have scaled-up wherever they can over the past three years. However, de-politicization of aid, as well as significantly expanded access and greatly increased funding will be critical to preventing the suffering of everyone prioritized for support in this Plan.
Complementary funding is also needed across the nexus to address the persistent growth in humanitarian needs. The absence of large-scale preventative and resilience-building interventions by the broader development community is placing unprecedented pressure on humanitarian caseloads. To reverse current humanitarian trends, greater funding is simultaneously needed in 2024 for broader community development.
We thank our generous donors for their ongoing solidarity with the people of Myanmar as needs continue to spiral. But in 2024, we need donors to dig deeper and speak louder to amplify the voices of affected people on the world stage. Millions of lives are at stake and we all must do everything we can to prevent Myanmar becoming a forgotten emergency..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-12-18
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
7.3 MB (95 pages) - Original version
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Description:
"OVERVIEW:
In Myanmar, the humanitarian situation deteriorated following a significant escalation in violence across the country.
According to the UN, the number of displaced people inside the country now exceeds 2.1 million. In many parts of Myanmar, a shortage of various goods and supplies across multiple states and regions has been reported as vital roads and supply routes remain blocked. Many people remain cut-off from communications, which has impeded access to services and heightened protection risks and vulnerabilities. UNHCR and partners are continuing to deliver life-saving assistance to displaced and affected communities where possible despite the challenges posed by the ongoing clashes and movement restrictions.
In Thailand, the Royal Thai Government reported that over 2,300 refugees were sheltered in three Temporary Safety Areas (TSAs) in Mae Hong Son province as of 30 November. Some 4,400 people returned to Myanmar in November following the closure of the TSAs. However, another 1,000 refugees who returned to Myanmar on 10 November came back to Thailand on 16 November after the resurgence of conflict in Kayah State. There are currently no new arrivals in Mae Hong Son TSAs. Sao Hin TSA in Mae Sariang District closed on 16 November as did Mae Ki TSA in Khum Yuam District on 25 November although Nai Soi TSA remains open.
In India, approximately 57,100 individuals from Myanmar’s North-West region are reported to have sought safety in India since February 2021. Out of this population, some 5,500 individuals are in New Delhi and have registered with UNHCR.
Over 6,000 individuals are estimated to have made their way to India following the recent escalation in conflict in Myanmar since late October. Since then, more than 5,000 Myanmar nationals have reportedly arrived in Mizoram and nearly 1,300 in Manipur. District administrations, NGOs and community-based organisations (CBOs) provided immediate humanitarian support such as food, water, and shelter. New arrivals are staying in cramped conditions in community halls, schools as well as with host families who are unable to support arrivals for long. Currently, the district administrations, CBOs and NGOs are providing food, shelter, core-relief items (CRIs), water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and health support although resources remain limited, and more funding is needed to scale up this assistance as well winterization support to new arrivals..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-12-15
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
12.71 MB
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Description:
"OVERVIEW:
In Myanmar, the humanitarian situation deteriorated significantly after people across North-West, North-East, SouthEast and Rakhine States were newly forcibly displaced due to intensified fighting which erupted on 26 October. IDPs fled to existing and new displacement areas, including along Myanmar’s international borders. Martial Law was imposed on additional townships in multiple states. Key transport routes in various townships became restricted, impacting civilian movement and the delivery of humanitarian aid. Most IDPs and other conflict-affected communities have been unable to access basic services, assistance and protection with humanitarian organisations facing access restrictions due to renewed conflict and insecurity as well as bureaucratic and administrative challenges.
In Thailand, the Royal Thai Government reported that 6,800 refugees were sheltered in five Temporary Safety Areas (TSAs) across three districts in Mae Hong Son Province as of 31 October 2023. Some 429 people returned to Myanmar during the reporting period. The Royal Thai Army oversees the TSAs and humanitarian access to these remains limited.
In India, approximately 50,600 individuals from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection since February 2021. Out of this population, 5,479 individuals were in New Delhi and have registered with UNHCR. Over 120 individuals reportedly returned to Myanmar from Manipur due to the security situation in the state. In late October, community-based organisations (CBOs) reported some new arrivals from Myanmar fleeing armed clashes. Access to healthcare remains restricted due to curfew and security issues in Manipur. Many government facilities in areas affected by unrest are currently dysfunctional. As a result, the local population and Myanmar arrivals rely on the already over-stretched CBOs and NGOs, which have limited resources. To support Myanmar arrivals’ education needs in Manipur, informal learning spaces run by host communities and Myanmar arrivals have partially or completely waived off school fees for the most vulnerable children in Kamjong and Churachandpur districts. CBOs have reported food as the most urgent need in both Mizoram and Manipur although the situation is particularly alarming in Manipur's Kamjong District. More support is needed to address their nutritional needs to reduce the risk of malnutrition..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-12-15
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
12.86 MB
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Description:
"Highlights:
More than 500,000 people have been newly displaced and are in urgent need of humanitarian support due to the intense fighting between the Myanmar Armed Forces and various ethnic armed organizations in many parts of the country.
Nearly 150,000 people have been newly displaced in the northwest and in Mandalay since early November. Shortage of essential items, rising prices and fuel crisis exacerbating the humanitarian situation.
UNICEF and partners have reached 477,543 affected people with WASH supplies and services includes 75,774 girls and 77,506 boys.
A total of 534,983 children below the age of one were vaccinated against measles and rubella, while 73,742 people receiving primary health care services.
Situation in numbers
5,800,000 children in need of humanitarian assistance
18,100,000 people in need (HAC 2023)
1,858,600 Internally displaced people after 1 February 2021 (UNHCR)
59,500 People displaced to neighbouring countries since 1 February 2021
306,200 people living in protracted displacement before February 2021
Funding Overview and Partnerships
UNICEF Myanmar appealed for US$217.9 million in 2023 to address the needs of 3.7 million people, including 2.3 million children. During this reporting period, UNICEF secured US$32.45 million (US$23.23 million in 2023 and $9.22 million carried over from 2022), representing 14.9 per cent of its 2023 Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) appeal.
UNICEF received this generous support from the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), the United States Fund for UNICEF, the Humanitarian Aid Department of the European Commission (European Commission/ECHO), the Government of Canada, the Government of Japan, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Government of Norway, the Royal Thai Government, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the French Committee for UNICEF, Gavi the Vaccine Alliance and UNICEF global humanitarian thematic funding.
With these resources, UNICEF and partners continue to deliver much-needed services in nutrition, health, HIV/AIDS, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), education, child protection, gender-based violence in emergencies, social protection and cash-based programming, social behaviour change and accountability to affected populations.
UNICEF also provided humanitarian leadership, cluster coordination and strengthened protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA). As of reporting period, the funding gap stands out at 85 per cent, which is severely affecting UNICEF’s capacity to respond. Without these resources, targeted populations, especially children, who need basic social services will not be able to receive humanitarian assistance.
UNICEF continues its efforts to mobilize resources and expresses its sincere appreciation to all private and public sector donors for their contributions to supporting the children of Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
Intense fighting between the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) and various ethnic armed organizations has been escalating in many parts of the country, particularly in northern Shan, Rakhine, Kayah, Sagaing and Chin. The situation remains volatile with continued fighting and large-scale civilian displacement, including amongst children. At the time of reporting, more than 500,000 people had been newly displaced within northern and southern Shan, Kayah, Rakhine, Chin, Sagaing, Mandalay, eastern Bago, Kayin, Mon and Tanintharyi since late October, with 283 people dead including children and 334 injured. Tension remains because of the fighting; humanitarian work has been suspended while the people who have been displaced, and who are in urgent need of humanitarian support, move from one township to another in search of safety. Movement restrictions have led to significant increases in commodity prices, as well as food and fuel shortages. Armed clashes across different townships have also disrupted the rice harvest.
In northern Shan, armed clashes continued in several townships, resulting in 95 dead and 152 injured and an upsurge of internally displaced people to nearly 84,000 in 16 townships.2 Many families have fled to the China-Myanmar border in northern Shan, Pyin Oo Lwin township in Mandalay and Mansi township in Kachin. An increasing number of people are fleeing from Laukkaing, Chin Shwe Haw and Kunlong to places along the border with China and to Namtit, the principal town of the Wa Self-Administered Division of Shan State. There are 50,000 displaced people in Laukkaing with minimal humanitarian assistance. Lashio Airport remains closed and roads from Lashio to other conflict-affected areas are totally blocked. The road from Lashio to Mandalay and southern Shan is passable, though complicated by the presence of multiple checkpoints. Telecommunications and the Internet are accessible in Lashio but limited in other areas, particularly in the townships bordering China such as Monekoe, Kunlong and Namhkan. The State Administration Council (SAC) has imposed martial law in eight townships, including Lashio, Hseni, Kutkai, Namhkan, Muse, Laukkaing, Kunlong and Konekyan, which is exacerbating the challenges civilians already face.
Armed hostilities have escalated in Rakhine state with intense clashes between the MAF and the Arakan Army, including in Pauktaw, northern townships in Rakhine, in central Rakhine and in Paletwa, southern Chin. There have reportedly been civilian casualties and displacements in several townships due to artillery shelling and gunfire. Main roads and waterways movement have been blocked, resulting in the suspension of humanitarian aid. Since 13 November, 69,000 people were newly displaced in Buthidaung, Maungdaw, Minbya, Mrauk-U, Myebon, Pauktaw, Ponnagyun, Rathedaung and Paletwa townships with at least 20 fatalities and more than 85 injuries3. The security situation in Pauktaw township remains alarming, with more than 20,000 people displaced since mid-November and with at least 12 fatalities.4 Hundreds of people remain trapped, unable to move to safer areas.
In the southeast, fighting has progressively spread in Loikaw, Demoso, Hpruso in Kayah, at the Shan-Kayah border, Kayin, Mon states and eastern Bago, resulting in at least 78 civilian deaths and 55 injuries. More than 180,000 people have been displaced since the escalation began and are in need of urgent relief aid.5 Humanitarian access in Kayah remains extremely restricted due to the ongoing conflict, aerial bombardment and heightened scrutiny of partners at checkpoints. Attacks on civilians and displacement sites have also been reported in Loikaw township in Kayah, with the main airport closed and martial law in effect. An estimated 21,000 people have been displaced in Kayah state, with some 1,000 internally displaced persons in the eastern part of Loikaw urgently needing shelter, food, WASH services and health care.Fighting has been intensifying and more than 16,000 people from Kyarinnseikkyi in Kayin and Kyaikmaraw in Mon states are displaced and are in immediate need of humanitarian assistance. The main road between Kyaikmaraw-Chaung Nakwa and Mudon-Chaung Nakwa has been blocked.
In Kachin State, intense fighting has been reported in the townships of Bhamo, Hpakant, Mansi, Momauk, Myitkyina, Shwegu, Tsawlaw and Waingmaw, leading to cutting-off of telephone and internet services. Myitkyina-Mandalay Road has been blocked intermittently since mid-November.
In the northwest, armed clashes have affected 40 townships, including Falam and Matupi in Chin; Madaya in Mandalay; and Indaw, Kawlin, Pinlebu, Tamu and Tigyaing in Sagaing and in Magway region. Nearly 150,000 people have been newly displaced in the northwest and Mandalay since the fighting began to escalate in early November. Hostilities have killed 90 civilians, and injured 42, including children, and destroyed more than 100 houses. Humanitarian access remains restricted due to roadblocks and fighting; disruption of telecommunications and closure of Kale airport. About 5,000 internally displaced persons from Falam township have been displaced to the India-Myanmar border area in Chin. Of them, some 3,000 internally displaced persons have reportedly crossed the border to seek refuge in India, while the remainder is seeking safety in forest areas within Falam township..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-12-08
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-08
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"On this International Day of Persons with Disabilities, the United Nations reiterates its unwavering commitment to promoting the rights, dignity, and well-being of persons with disabilities, particularly amidst the complex political and humanitarian landscape of Myanmar. In alignment with this year's theme, "United in Action to Rescue and Achieve the SDGs for, with, and by Persons with Disabilities", we emphasize the need for concerted efforts to dismantle barriers of persons with disabilities and cultivate an inclusive society.
In Myanmar, persons with disabilities, especially women and children, face significant challenges. The 2019 Myanmar Inter-Censal Survey reveals a disability prevalence rate of 12.8%, with states like Chin, Rakhine, and Ayeyawady reporting rates as high as 20.6%. Women and girls with disabilities experience compounded vulnerabilities, including restricted access to essential services and heightened risk of gender-based violence (GBV).
The voices of the estimated 5.9 million people living with disabilities in Myanmar, representing about 13% of the country's population[1], are not mere statistics but vital narratives that demand attention and respect. Their unique perspectives and experiences enrich our society, and acknowledging their significance is a crucial step towards a truly equitable and inclusive community.
Education and Healthcare: Cornerstones of Empowerment
Education and health are the fundamental right and key drivers for empowerment. The United Nations, working with partners and communities, strives to create an inclusive educational environment, ensuring that every child, regardless of ability, has access to quality education. In conflict situations, special attention is given to providing adapted learning environments that cater to diverse learning needs.
The United Nations is committed to ensuring comprehensive, quality and accessible health services for all, including persons with disabilities. From maternal healthcare, sexual and reproductive health services to mental health and psychosocial support, our programs aim to address the specific needs of individuals including displaced people in conflict-affected areas, leaving no one behind.
Economic and Social Inclusion: Promoting Equality
The United Nations champions economic and social inclusion as a vital pathway to overall inclusivity. We advocate for economic opportunities that fully integrate persons with disabilities, ensuring their skills and contributions are acknowledged and valued in the workforce. Social inclusion is equally critical. Through community engagement and awareness initiatives, we work towards breaking down societal barriers, fostering an environment of understanding and acceptance that embraces persons with disabilities and their rights.
Inclusive Responses in Conflict Situations: Prioritizing the most Vulnerable
In conflict settings like Myanmar, children and women with disabilities face exacerbated vulnerabilities. Displacement heightens their risk and limits access to essential services. They face limited access to critical services, including sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), and an increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV). The United Nations is committed to prioritizing and strengthening protection mechanisms for these marginalized groups with compounded vulnerabilities. This involves ensuring their safety, access to life-saving services, and providing inclusive support systems.
Strategic Approach: Collaboration & Partnership
In collaboration with communities, civil society organizations, and organizations for persons with disabilities, we are mainstreaming disability inclusion in humanitarian responses, addressing the specific challenges faced by persons with disabilities in conflict settings. Our strategic and collective efforts are directed towards creating protective, supportive, and empowering environments across humanitarian-peacebuilding-development nexus.
Aligned with Disability Inclusion Strategy[2], the United Nations is committed to ensuring inclusivity and leaving no one behind.
United for Action
As we commemorate this International Day of Persons with Disabilities, let us unite in action to rescue and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for, with, and by persons with disabilities. The United Nations remain committed to working collaboratively with partners and stakeholders to build a more inclusive and equitable society where the rights and contributions of every individual are recognized, respected and celebrated..."
Source/publisher:
UN Country Team in Myanmar
Date of publication:
2023-12-03
Date of entry/update:
2023-12-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"OVERVIEW
Throughout the third quarter of 2023, Myanmar continued to grapple with a deepening humanitarian crisis marked by ongoing conflict, monsoon floods, and an alarming spread of explosive ordnance. The situation has led to unprecedented levels of displacement, extensive property damage, and the pervasive threat of landmines, especially in the Northwest and Southeast. By the end of the reporting period, close to 2 million people were internally displaced, facing elevated risks from high intensity conflict while navigating unfamiliar areas often contaminated by landmines and other explosive remnants of war. Displaced people continued to experience high to extreme levels of vulnerability with many living in informal sites without proper shelter or services. Many people are facing repeated displacement, depleting their resources with every movement. Pressure for the premature return of displaced people to their places of origin or third locations remains intense in some areas. In addition, severe monsoon weather exacerbated the situation, triggering floods mainly in the Northwest and Southeast, resulting in the destruction of civilian infrastructure and heightened needs.
Notwithstanding the above-mentioned formidable challenges, both local and international humanitarian partners have demonstrated resilience and commitment to staying and delivering, scaling up and adapting their efforts to address deepening needs. Over the first 9 months of 2023, these efforts resulted at least 2.5 million people receiving some form of assistance – a testament to the dedication of the 226 operational partners in Myanmar (up from 164 at the mid-year point). However, this assistance is not as deep, sustained, or multi-sectoral as planned and represents only half of the 5 million people prioritized for assistance. Access and administrative restrictions continued to pose significant obstacles, causing delays and postponements in relief efforts, exacerbating the suffering of affected and displaced populations. Throughout the period under review, the Food Security Cluster continued to push forward with its response to needs in affected areas, accounting for the highest proportion of people reached (1.7 million), followed by the Protection Cluster (1.5 million) and Education Cluster (1.1 million). The figures are based on self-reporting by partners and, while there has been an improvement in the number of organizations sharing information, some responses are still likely to be missed..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-11-28
Date of entry/update:
2023-11-29
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations
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"KEY DISPLACEMENT FIGURES:
95,600 Estimated refugee outflows to neighbouring countries since 1 February 2021
1,124,800 Refugees and asylum-seekers from Myanmar in neighbouring countries as of 30 June 2023
1,670,200 Estimated total internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Myanmar, displaced since 1 February 2021
Source: UN in Myanmar
1,976,400 Estimated total internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Myanmar as of 2 October 2023
Source: UN in Myanmar
OVERVIEW
In Myanmar, increased armed conflict and monsoon floods continue to trigger new displacement and exacerbate humanitarian needs. According to the UN, over 1.9 million people remain displaced within the country, with 47 townships in the North-West and the South-East still under martial law. Airstrikes, indiscriminate shelling, landmines, widespread arson, forced recruitment and raids on civilian targets, including homes, schools, health facilities, places of worship, as well as villages and internally displaced people (IDP) sites continued. Heavy rains and flooding temporarily displaced thousands, mostly in the North-West and the South-East. Prolonged humanitarian access constraints are impacting the provision of protection and life-saving services and straining the resilience of affected communities.
In Thailand, according to the Royal Thai Government (RTG), as of 2 October, 7,259 refugees were sheltered in five Temporary Safety Areas (TSAs) across three districts (3,790 in Mae Sariang, 821 in Khun Yuam and 2,647 in Mueang) in Mae Hong Son Province. The conflict across the border in Kayah State reportedly subsided in early September and moved further away from the Thai-Myanmar border. In Mae Hong Son, the RTG recorded that a total of 2,673 individuals have returned to Myanmar since July 2023, including 2,130 in September. Further south, following fighting in the Tanintharyi region, the RTG reported 374 new arrivals between 20 and 22 September in Ranong Province who returned to Myanmar on 24 September. Humanitarian access to the TSAs remains limited and is granted on a case-by-case basis.
In India, around 50,600 individuals* from Myanmar’s North-West region have sought protection in the country since February 2021. Of this number, 5,438 individuals are in Delhi and have registered with UNHCR. The number of reported new arrivals to Manipur remains minimal. Due to the changing weather and frequent rains, health problems relating to common colds and fever have been reported among arrivals in the districts of South Mizoram. Community-based organisations (CBOs) and NGOs are facilitating patient referrals to public primary health centres. According to CBOs and humanitarian organizations on the ground, medicine and food are urgent needs..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-10-31
Date of entry/update:
2023-11-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments up to 8 November, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued end of November 2023.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
A combination of active conflict, monsoon floods, and access barriers is worsening the humanitarian situation facing vulnerable communities nationwide.
A new front of conflict has intensified in Northern Shan where fighting between Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) has displaced almost 50,000 people since 26 October.
More than two million people are now internally displaced nationwide, many of them multiple times, eroding their coping capacity with each move.
Relentless monsoon floods, especially in the Southeast, have caused severe economic and agricultural losses, exacerbating an already critical humanitarian situation as a result of conflict.
Administrative and physical restrictions are amplifying suffering by delaying or forcing the cancellation of aid deliveries.
Local and international humanitarian partners remain committed to staying and delivering, reaching at least 2.5 million people by end of September 2023.
The combined US$887 million Humanitarian Response Plan and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeals remain critically underfunded, with only 28 per cent of the required funding received.
Immediate additional financial assistance and the easing of access restrictions are imperative for the humanitarian community to address urgent needs.
SITUATION OVERVIEW
Active conflict, monsoon floods, underfunding and restrictions on humanitarian activities are contributing to deteriorating living situations for vulnerable communities, including internally displaced people. More than two million people remain internally displaced nationwide, with many having experienced repeated displacement. Displaced families are enduring precarious conditions while they are on the move, often seeking refuge in the jungle without proper shelter. Almost half of the country's population is estimated to be living in poverty and an estimated 12.9 million people are estimated to be severely or moderately food insecure. Affected people are facing heightened protection risks, particularly due to contamination by explosive ordnance, including landmines.
This multifaceted crisis has not only deepened the needs of vulnerable groups but has also severely restricted their access to essential services and humanitarian assistance. Relief efforts of both local and international humanitarian organizations have been obstructed. In the face of these formidable obstacles, partners remain resolute in their commitment to assisting those in need. By the end of September, they had reached at least 2.5 million people, responding to escalating needs through diverse and flexible access approaches, including growing numbers of people in the Northwest and an expanded proportion of IDPs. However, despite escalating needs, the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and the Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeal remain severely underfunded, leaving thousands of desperate communities without the vital support they require..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-11-10
Date of entry/update:
2023-11-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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630.72 KB
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"Executive Summary
The primary objective of this CAR Assessment on Sagaing Region is to support the Nexus Response Mechanism (NRM) and its partners in assessing current needs, priorities, and dynamics for the purposes of response planning.
However, it is also designed as a public document, to be made available to the wider Myanmar aid community to better enhance understanding of local contexts, present community perceptions, and identify thematic and geographic dynamics and issues. It is not intended as a comprehensive or project-level needs assessment - it is instead intended as a broad and holistic assessment of the humanitarian, development, and political situation and operating environment in Sagaing Region.
Prior to the February 2021 coup, the predominantly Bamar Sagaing Region was largely peaceful, and although it was underdeveloped and impoverished it was also highly agriculturally productive. Since the coup, Sagaing Region has become one of, if not the, epicentre of the Myanmar crisis. Sagaing Region’s population was heavily supportive of the National League for Democracy (NLD), and mass protests against the coup quickly turned to SAC crackdowns, and anti-coup armed group formation in the form of NUG-aligned People’s Defence Forces; indeed, Sagaing hosts more PDFs than any other region in the country. Now, the region is characterised by widespread violence, daily human rights abuses, regular village raids and burnings, and one of the largest ongoing displacement crises in the world.
Responding to this context should be considered one of the paramount challenges facing the international Myanmar aid community; this is complicated by the fact that Sagaing region poses one of the most severe access challenges in Myanmar. Direct programming in Sagaing region is complicated not only by ongoing conflict conditions, but by political barriers imposed by the SAC and the fact that the large majority of pre-conflict CSOs in Sagaing Region have been dissolved. However, local responders do exist; albeit in a variety of forms. New CSOs have been established throughout Sagaing, with varying capacities, and largely funded by local and international private donations.
New NUG-aligned revolutionary governance structures also exist, having largely supplanted SAC structures in many parts of the region, and vary widely in capacity, authority, and reach. New education and healthcare networks have formed, although they operate under considerable constraints and should by no means be considered sufficient for the needs facing the population.
There are three key thematic considerations in Sagaing Region:
› Sagaing region hosts the largest number of displaced people in Myanmar. Much of this displacement is temporary, with IDPs fleeing from their villages during conflict, raids, and crackdowns. Much of it is not; hundreds of villages have been fully or partially destroyed, and many displaced people will not return to their villages of origin for the foreseeable future. The displacement situation in Sagaing region is now a long term concern, with few prospects for durable solutions.
› Local livelihoods have been devastated by the conflict; that said, there are still opportunities to contribute to local livelihoods provision, and doing so is essential. Agriculture is the cornerstone of Sagaing’s economy. Producers are under significant pressure due to skyrocketing costs and access restrictions, and many are wholly unable to farm their fields due to conflict and displacement. That said, Sagaing region is still producing agricultural goods, and markets do remain largely functional even in areas that have fallen out of the control of the SAC; indeed, some parts of Sagaing region are exporting crops to other parts of Myanmar. These functional local agriculture systems are critical to not only the population reliant on them for livelihoods, but the population of IDPs that are now reliant on locally produced agricultural goods.
› SAC education and healthcare systems have largely collapsed in much of Sagaing Region. NUG-linked systems and local education and healthcare networks are functional in many locations, and are attempting to fill gaps; private clinics also remain functional in some locations. However, their capacity is limited by both funding and access constraints. Moreover, both alternative healthcare and education providers appear to be seen by the SAC as indistinguishable from local armed revolutionaries; as such, they are regularly targeted by security forces. These systems are under severe pressure and face numerous risks; however, they are also critical to meeting skyrocketing needs..."
Source/publisher:
Center for Operational Analysis and Research
Date of publication:
2023-11-01
Date of entry/update:
2023-11-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
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pdf
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4.04 MB
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"This Situation Update describes events occurring in Htaw Ta Htoo (Htantabin) Township, Taw Oo (Toungoo) District during the period between September and December 2022. This report outlines the struggles of villagers from five areas: Kaw Thay Der, Khoh Hkee, Maw Nay Pwa, Per Htee and Day Loh. The State Administration Council (SAC) arrested travellers, extorted their family members, and increased military movements causing major obstacles for children and teenagers to attend school. Villagers struggled due to a lack of enough income to cover their daily expenses. Many villagers also developed seasonal sicknesses that remained untreated.[1]
Introduction
This report describes the situation in five areas in Htaw Ta Htoo Township, Taw Oo District, between September and December 2022, namely Kaw Thay Der, Khoh Hkee, Maw Nay Pwa, Per Htee, and Day Loh areas. Villagers reported State Administration Council’s (SAC)[2] increased military activities and livelihood, education, and healthcare challenges.
SAC military activities
After the SAC seized power in Burma, various human rights violations occurred [again], such as fighting, threats, killing, looting, daily indiscriminate shelling, and arbitrary arrests at checkpoints. Additionally, the SAC arrested local villagers travelling and extorted their family members. This caused a great problem for villagers. The SAC indiscriminately fired artillery weapons and conducted air strikes into villages. [Moreover,] landmines were planted on public roads [leading to villagers’ plantations]. These placed villagers’ lives at high risk.
An incident happened on December 15th 2022, in A--- village, Maw Nay Pwa area, Htaw Ta Htoo Township, Taw Oo District. At 1:00 pm, an air strike was conducted [by the SAC] unexpectedly while some villagers were gathering to greet and bless each other [for Christmas]. Children and elderly villagers had to [flee and] hide near the village. A--- village has 63 houses and a population of 439 [villagers]. Many villagers were displaced after the incident and were living far from their plantations. [During December 2022,] they had to travel long distances to purchase and trade food and to bring patients to the hospital.
Due to SAC military operations, some villagers [displaced persons coming from other areas in Southeast Burma], who were also sheltering in villages [located in Maw Nay Pwa area], did not dare to return to their hometowns. In addition, securing livelihoods got much harder for villagers as they were not able to find jobs. Villagers [sheltering in the area] were able to eat only when someone [local villagers] provided them [with food]. Every month, local [Karen National Union (KNU)[3]] authorities arranged [to distribute] essential food supplies.
Armed conflict and livelihood challenges
Between September and December 2022, villagers from the [abovementioned] five areas in Htaw Ta Htoo Township, Taw Oo District, were struggling to secure their livelihoods. Some villagers live in hill areas, while others live in plain areas. Per Htee area is a plain area, while Khoh Hkee, Kaw Thay Der, Maw Nay Pwa and Day Loh areas are situated on the hills. [Villagers from hill areas] grow durian, betel nut, cardamon, and Kaffir lime [for their survival].
From September to December 2022, villagers worked [on their plantations] under danger [at risk to their lives, due to the SAC attacks]. [Due to the climate,] villagers did not harvest good [quality] fruit. Some villagers struggled [to have enough] rice, which is the main food [basis of their diet]. The price of rice also increased. [In addition, villagers had] difficulties in carrying rice [home from shops because the SAC set up check points] on the road.
Following fighting [between the SAC and a resistance armed group] in [these] areas, some civilians were afraid [to stay in their villages], so they moved [fled to a new place]. Villagers had to work despite having unsafe [working] conditions. Villagers [felt] worried and burdened due to fighting, air strikes, and shelling. Some villagers encountered difficulties in carrying food as they lived far away from [food markets]. [Villagers had trouble with] purchasing and trading food. Dry food prices were rising, while fruit [that villagers harvested from their farms] could only be sold at low prices [in the market]. Villagers’ income and expenses were not a match. [Villagers had low-income streams and their expenses outweighed their income streams]. Various difficulties followed villagers in their [daily] livelihood activities. Villagers also worried about military operation activities.
Farmers from Per Htee area complained about the unstable weather to grow beans and to farm. Farmers had no other income other than from farming. So, some farmers started working abroad [to increase their income]. Villagers [in the area] encountered threats, arbitrary arrests, and physical abuse committed by SAC soldiers while they travelled. Day labourers had to work under dangerous circumstances. Stealing also increased in the [local] area.
The five areas all had different [high] prices [in markets]. Villagers had to pay [tax] in various ways [at SAC checkpoints].
Education challenges in Taw Oo District
From September to December 2022, the KECD schools that operate in Htaw T'Htoo Township, Taw Oo District are Bu Hsa Hee School which located in Kho Hkee area, Ler Htaw Doh School, located in Maw Nay Pwa area and Htoh Lwee Wah School, located in Htee K'Waw. SAC military activities [in the Township] increased, becoming an obstacle for children and teenagers [to attend school]. Parents worried for children who lived far from the school because SAC soldiers fired [guns] indiscriminately [while the students travelled to schools], resulting in decreasing enrolment during this period.
Students who lived in dormitories [at boarding schools], like Ler Htaw Doh school from Maw Nay Pwa area, had difficulties purchasing [a sufficient amount of] food because the price of food was high. As a consequence, some students stopped enrolling in school [,unable to afford the school fee]. Some locally established [community self-funded] schools had connections with the three high schools, [therefore, students could easily attend the high schools after completing their schooling at the locally established schools]. Teachers were teaching [in the community-run schools] at risk to their lives, as SAC soldiers [often] came into schools to patrol. SAC patrolling also brought out worries for teachers to continue teaching and became an obstacle for children and young teenagers to access education. Danger will [continue to] occur to villagers due to the conflict that takes place in the area. Many graduated students went to other countries to seek out job opportunities.
Healthcare challenges in Taw Oo District
As it was the winter season between September and December 2022, sickness increased, including flu, headaches, and [other] illnesses. When villagers from Khoh Hkee, Kaw Thay Der, and Maw Nay Pwa areas got sick, they were sent to a [nearby] hospital. SAC soldiers patrolling [on the roads] created difficulties for villagers to travel and posed a danger. Some [sick] children did not receive treatment. In addition, many [children] did not receive vaccinations [at all]. Pregnant women also did not receive proper healthcare.
Similarly, in Per Htee area, a day labourer who got sick was unable to go for a check-up [at the hospital due to travel restrictions]. Some sick villagers were [only] lying in bed [at home] due to this strict situation. Villagers faced rising travel costs and restrictions, as well as the inability to make extra income. Parents needed money [additional financial support] to look after and take care of disabled children. Communities from the area of Htaw Ta Htoo Township, Taw Oo District did not receive healthcare [treatment].
Villagers from the five areas in Htaw Ta Htoo Township, Taw Oo District, expressed their desire for [KNU] authorities to notice their needs [support services such as safety, health care, livelihood, and education in response to SAC abuses]..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group
Date of publication:
2023-10-19
Date of entry/update:
2023-10-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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"Changes in context
Almost three years since the February 2021 military takeover, the people of Myanmar remain exposed to an unrelenting political, human rights, economic and humanitarian crisis. The dire situation is posing grave protection risks for civilians, limiting access to vital services including health and education, and driving deep food insecurity. The deteriorating humanitarian situation continues to have severe consequences for millions of civilians who are bearing the brunt of widespread insecurity, escalating attacks and clashes, mass displacement, and limited access to critical services. Forced recruitment – including of children – is being increasingly reported. The use of heavy weapons, including air strikes and artillery fire, continues to claim lives and pose risks to the safety and security of civilians, while raids, random searches and arrests are of grave concern. The destruction of civilian properties, particularly homes, combined with the protracted fighting, is prolonging the displacement of IDPs and further degrading people’s already fragile living conditions. The ongoing conflict combined with spiraling inflation, is disrupting livelihood activities and depleting coping mechanisms, resulting in record humanitarian needs this year.
In May, the situation was further exacerbated by extremely severe cyclone Mocha, the worst natural disaster on record for Myanmar in nearly a decade. The cyclone and the ensuing flooding devastated communities across Rakhine, the Northwest and Kachin with thousands of homes, productive assets, vast swathes of farmland, and critical infrastructure such as hospitals and schools destroyed or severely damaged. It added an additional 500,000 people to the humanitarian target for 2023 (now 5 million people) and worsened the needs of 1.1 million people already targeted within the HRP..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-10-17
Date of entry/update:
2023-10-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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pdf
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1.52 MB
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Description:
"Highlights:
Ongoing conflict continues to lead to displacement. Nearly two million people are internally displaced, of whom more than 1.6 million have been displaced since 2021.
UNICEF supported for 26,264 children to access to formal and non-formal education, including early learning.
UNICEF reached 297,943 affected people with access to clean water for drinking and domestic purposes by the end of September.
The 85 per cent funding gap against the 2023 HAC requirement is severely affecting UNICEF’s capacity to respond to the multisectoral needs of targeted populations, especially children in Myanmar.
Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs
As of September 2023, the total number of internally displaced persons has risen to more than 1.9 million out of a total population of 56 million. More than 1.6 million people have been displaced since February 2021, with more than 50 per cent of them, an estimated 820,800 people, from Sagaing region. Magway region has also been badly affected, with 218,900 people displaced and impacted by regular heavy fighting, air strikes and artillery shelling. An estimated 15,000 people have been displaced and are facing food shortages due to air strikes in Kamma sub township in Magway; humanitarian access is not possible due to security concerns and military operations. In many parts of the country, particularly the northwest, the movement of essential goods and humanitarian access is also still being hampered.
The southeast has the second largest number of displaced populations after the northwest with 545,000 internally displaced persons2. Intensified armed conflicts continue in Myawaddy, Kyarinseikkyi, Kawkareik and Hpa-pun, with 8,300 people taking refuge at the Thailand-Myanmar border.
In Kachin State, the intensification of armed conflicts and heavy military deployments is mainly in the south and southwest. Mines and unexploded ordnance also continue to pose a significant threat to children, the community, and humanitarian workers.
In northern Shan, armed conflicts between the Myanmar Armed Forces and various armed groups in Nawnghkio, Kutkai, Muse and Namhkan townships are continuing to grow, causing people from Muse township to be displaced twice in September.
Fighting in Kayah State increased, also resulting in increased displacement, with the number of internally displaced persons reaching 100,500 as of 18 September. Approximately 800 people, including those who had returned from the Thailand border in mid-September and who are living in the camps in Maesae township, Kayah State are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance, which humanitarian access is not possible at the moment..."
Source/publisher:
UN Children's Fund (New York) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-10-16
Date of entry/update:
2023-10-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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494.31 KB
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Description:
"Most recently completed school year:
June 2018 - February 2019 (180 days)
WFP School Feeding Program
Lead Agency: World Food Program, Ministry of Health and Sports, and Ministry of Education..."
Source/publisher:
Global Child Nutrition Foundation
Date of publication:
2023-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2023-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Format :
pdf
Size:
1.49 MB
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Description:
"OVERVIEW
In Myanmar, the situation has continued to deteriorate since February 2021. Over 1.9 million people remain displaced with 47 Townships in the North-West and the South-East still under martial law. Armed clashes, airstrikes, indiscriminate shelling, arson and destruction of civilian property and infrastructure are driving displacement and placing civilians at risk. In the South-East, some 80,000 people have been displaced by heavy monsoon rains and subsequent flooding, according to the latest estimates. Locations across the region have experienced temporary road disruptions due to rising water levels, hampering opportunities to deliver assistance. In Rakhine State, the unofficial ceasefire is fragile with reported increases in restrictions on the freedom of movement in specific townships as well as growing number of security checkpoints.
Humanitarian access remains unpredictable, leaving displaced people – including cyclone-affected communities – with extremely limited access to basic needs and life-saving assistance.
In Thailand, according to the Royal Thai Government, 9,418 refugees were sheltered in five Temporary Safety Areas (TSAs) across three districts (4,695 in Mae Sariang District, 832 in Khun Yuam District and 3,891 in Mueang District) in Mae Hong Son Province by end-August. Humanitarian access to the TSAs is still limited with UNHCR only being granted access twice to undertake protection assessments. However, in some instances, UNHCR and partners were able to directly distribute Core Relief Items (CRIs) to refugee committees in the TSAs or via the District Office.
In India, 150 new arrivals fled from Myanmar’s North-West region to India in August 2023, according to estimates by community-based organizations (CBOs). The total number of arrivals from Myanmar to India follow-ing the events of 1 February 2021 is currently estimated at 54,960. As of 28 August, 5,466 individuals have approached UNHCR in New Delhi for registration since February 2021. Over 450 individuals reportedly returned to Myanmar from Manipur and Mizoram in August and fewer arrivals from Myanmar are expected due to the dynamic situation in Manipur. Food for new arrivals and host communities remains a major gap and the capacity of CBOs and the host community to address this is over-stretched. In remote locations where access to health-care is limited, CBOs are providing mobile healthcare facilities..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-10-04
Date of entry/update:
2023-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Format :
pdf
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9.13 MB
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Description:
"HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
Ongoing conflict and monsoon floods continue to cause new displacement, civilian casualties, and destruction of civilian properties, further worsening the already dire humanitarian situation in Myanmar.
Nearly two million people are now internally displaced in precarious conditions and require lifesaving assistance.
The threat to civilians from explosive ordnance is spreading with new data showing that for the first time, landmine casualties have now been recorded in every state and region, except Nay Pyi Taw.
Local and international humanitarian partners continue to scale up and adapt in response to the deepening needs, reaching at least 1.8 million people during the first half of 2023.
Access and administrative restrictions are causing prolonged delays or postponements of scheduled relief efforts, further compounding the suffering of affected and displaced communities.
To date, the combined US$887 million Humanitarian Response Plan and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeals remain critically underfunded, with only 28 per cent of the required funding received.
Provision of additional financial support and easing of access restrictions are imperative for the humanitarian community to address urgent needs.
SITUATION OVERVIEW
Nine months into 2023, humanitarian needs and protection risks have intensified throughout the country, driven by persistent conflict that has led to unprecedented levels of displacement, extensive property damage, and the expanding presence of landmines, particularly in the Northwest and Southeast. The United Nations Development Programme’s Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), in collaboration with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), has produced its annual map for 2023 of townships with suspected contamination by anti-personnel landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). Since 2021, for the first time, contamination by anti-personnel landmines has been reported in all states and regions except Nay Pyi Taw.
Now, the latest data reveals that casualties due to landmines have occurred in every state and region of Myanmar, except Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon.
Nearly two million people remain internally displaced across the country – many of them multiple times. They face increase risks from explosive ordnance while they are on the move or staying in unfamiliar areas. In addition, more than 63,000 people remain displaced across borders into neighbouring countries since the 2021 military takeover.
Humanitarian partners are increasingly concerned about the SAC’s gradual implementation of the national IDP camp closure policy with many people being pushed to return to their places of origin or other locations even where this is against their wishes and is premature given the current security conditions. During the reporting period, approximately 100 out of 500 displaced families living in sites slated for camp closure in Kyauktaw township in Rakhine in 2023, had to return to their places of origin. The remaining IDPs face pressure to return by the end of the rainy season.
Displaced families who were moved from the Kyauk Ta Lone IDP camp in Kyaukpyu township to a nearby relocation site, have been facing persistent flooding issues. In total, more than 50,000 IDPs nationwide are estimated to be at risk of premature return in 2023, particularly in Rakhine, Chin and Shan. They face potential protection concerns, lack of livelihood opportunities, absence of social services, and inadequate shelter in villages affected by conflict. Many IDPs are expressing fears about safety in their home villages in conflict areas where there is often ongoing fighting and significant explosive ordnance contamination. Sustained access to those who have been prematurely returned, reclassified or relocated by the State Administration Council under this policy remains crucial so that conditions and needs can be monitored, and assistance is not interrupted. Humanitarians continue to stress that any return, relocation, or reclassification of IDPs from displacement camps and sites must be safe, voluntary, informed and dignified, taking into account the wishes of affected people and the prospects for sustainable solutions that allow them to resume their normal lives.
Severe monsoon weather conditions also persist, triggering floods in multiple areas, mostly in the Northwest and Southeast, resulting in the destruction of civilian infrastructure, displacement and new humanitarian needs. Thousands of people sought refuge in evacuation centres or safer areas on higher ground in August, with most of them returning to their homes in September. Nevertheless, many remain in need of support as they have lost their homes and belongings due to flooding. Local and international partners have extended immediate assistance wherever access is possible.
Suffering is being exacerbated by significant access constraints, despite sporadic openings in some areas in recent months. Administrative and physical access limitations have intensified in the Southeast and Kachin, curtailing people's ability to access critical services and impeding the distribution of aid to affected communities. In the face of these formidable challenges, at least 1.8 million people received humanitarian assistance in the first half of the year2.
However, the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeal remain severely underfunded, with only a fraction (27 per cent) of the total requirement secured. This shortfall jeopardizes comprehensive assistance delivery and negatively impacts vulnerable communities. Urgent and substantial funding is essential to alleviate suffering and enhance the resilience of the affected communities amid this multifaceted crisis..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-10-02
Date of entry/update:
2023-10-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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Sub-title:
“ကြားကာလတွင် ကလေးသူငယ်များနှင့် ပညာသင်ယူသူများ စဉ်ဆက်မပြတ် ပညာသင်ယူခွင့်ရရှိရေး ဖေးမကူညီဆောင်ရွက်ပေးကြပါရန် ကျောင်းအဖွဲ့အစည်းများထံသို့ အကြံပြုတိုက်တွန်း ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာချက်”
Description:
"ကြားကာလအတွင်းတွင် အကြမ်းဖက်စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ တရားမဝင်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုနှင့် ရက်စက် ကြမ်းကြုတ်မှုများ၏ နောက်ဆက်တွဲဆိုးကျိုးများကြောင့် ကလေးသူငယ်များနှင့် ပညာသင်ယူသူများသည် ရုပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ၊ စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာနှင့် လိင်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အကြမ်းဖက်မှုများကို ခံစားနေရပြီး စဉ်ဆက်မပြတ် ပညာသင်ယူခွင့်များ ဆုံးရှုံးလျက်ရှိပါသည်။ သင်ယူသူတိုင်းသည် သာတူညီမျှ ပညာသင်ယူခွင့်ရရှိရန်နှင့် ပညာသင်ယူ ပြီးမြောက်ရန် တန်းတူအခွင့်အရေး ရှိကြပါသည်။ ကြားကာလတွင် ကလေးသူငယ်များနှင့် ပညာသင်ယူသူများ စဉ်ဆက်မပြတ် ပညာသင်ယူခွင့်ရရှိရေးနှင့် ကျောင်းသို့ပြန်လည်ဝင်ရောက်၍ ပညာဆက်လက်သင်ယူနိုင်ရေး အတွက် အကြောင်းအရာကဏ္ဍအလိုက်ဆောင်ရွက်ရာတွင် အောက်ပါအချက်အလက်များကို ထည့်သွင်းစဉ်းစား ၍ ဖေးမကူညီဆောင်ရွက်ပေးကြပါရန် အကြံပြုတိုက်တွန်း ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာအပ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Ministry of Education, National Unity Government of Myanmar
Date of publication:
2023-09-15
Date of entry/update:
2023-09-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
National Unity Government (NUG), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights Education
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211.01 KB
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"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments up to 25 August, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued in September 2023.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
Ongoing conflict and natural disasters have resulted in new displacement, civilian casualties, and destruction of civilian properties, intensifying the already fragile humanitarian situation in Myanmar.
More than 1.9 million people are now internally displaced in precarious conditions and requiring lifesaving assistance.
Heavy monsoon rainfall has triggered flooding in Rakhine and in the Southeast where more than 80,000 people have been affected since early August.
Transportation and distribution plans for the cyclone response in Rakhine have been approved and some relief items have been distributed. However, the overall humanitarian needs of cyclone-affected communities remain high and more assistance is still needed.
Humanitarian access restrictions have increased, notably in the Southeast and Kachin, further hindering timely and efficient aid delivery to affected and displaced communities.
Easing of access restrictions and provision of financial support are imperative for the humanitarian community to address urgent needs.
Eight months into 2023, the combined US$887 million Humanitarian Response Plan and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeals remain critically underfunded, with only 25 per cent of the required funding received.
The Emergency Relief Coordinator, Martin Griffiths, visited Myanmar from 14 to 17 August to raise awareness of the situation in Myanmar and advocate for both expanded space for humanitarian operations and the removal of bureaucratic obstacles.
KEY FIGURES
1.9M total people currently internally displaced across Myanmar
1.6M people currently displaced by clashes and insecurity since February 2021
306K people who remain internally displaced due to conflict prior to February 2021, mainly in Rakhine, Kachin, Chin, and Shan
75K civilian properties estimated burnt or destroyed since February 2021
SITUATION OVERVIEW
Natural disasters have continued to impact Myanmar adding another challenge on top of active conflict, leading to an increase in displacement and additional hardship for affected people. Simultaneously, bureaucratic, and physical barriers continue to hinder humanitarian partners' access to those in need, often posing safety and security risks for frontline aid workers. In Rakhine, regular humanitarian programming continues but the specific humanitarian cyclone response remains limited in scope. In August, the de facto authorities approved the transportation and distribution plans for cyclone-related assistance to Rakhine that UN agencies and INGOs re-submitted in early July for a second time. Initial distributions of existing relief items in Sittwe to cyclone-affected communities have been approved and food has been distributed to 12 villages during the reporting period with more expected to follow.
As part of ongoing advocacy at all levels for greater humanitarian access in conflict-affected areas, the Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mr. Martin Griffiths, visited Myanmar from 14 to 17 August and met with various stakeholders in Nay Pyi Taw. During his mission, he also visited Rakhine and met with Rakhine and Rohingya communities affected by both conflict and disaster, emphasizing the importance of placing people at the center of humanitarian action and urging the removal of all access restrictions for humanitarian partners.
Despite the ongoing operational challenges and financial limitations, Myanmar's humanitarian community remains steadfast in its commitment to stay and deliver aid based on need. The 2023 Mid-Year HRP Dashboard (Jan-Jun 2023) highlights that more than 1.8 million people have been reached with humanitarian assistance in the first half of the year. However, the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeal remain severely underfunded at only 25 percent of the total requirement, undermining the provision of comprehensive assistance and adversely impacting vulnerable communities. Urgent and more generous funding is pivotal to alleviate suffering and enhance resilience of the people in the face of this multidimensional crisis..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-09-08
Date of entry/update:
2023-09-08
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
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579.77 KB
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"With Myanmar’s military fighting on other fronts, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army is firming up its foothold in the country’s north. Clashes with other ethnic armed groups are possible. The Ta’ang group should focus on improving governance in its areas, in conjunction with civil society.
What’s new? The Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) has used Myanmar’s post-2021 coup crisis to expand its territory in northern Shan State, recruit fighters and strengthen its parallel administration. Although it has quietly supported anti-coup resistance forces, it has clashed with the military only rarely and has met with regime representatives.
Why does it matter? The TNLA’s expansion has created tensions with other ethnic armed groups and non-Ta’ang communities in northern Shan State. The group’s ambiguous political positioning since the coup reflects the complex environment in which ethnic armed groups operate. It also helps explain why building a countrywide anti-regime alliance has proven so difficult.
What should be done? The TNLA, which seeks greater autonomy, should focus on caring for the people under its control through improved self-administration rather than expanding its territory further. It should also reform its recruitment practices. Foreign donors should increase funding for local civil society organisations delivering services in Shan State.
I. Overview
Since the February 2021 coup in Myanmar, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) – one of the country’s most powerful ethnic armed groups – has strengthened its control of a swathe of territory in northern Shan State. In conjunction with Ta’ang civil society organisations, it is working to maintain the rule of law, deliver health and education services, and improve the local economy. Unlike some of Myanmar’s other ethnic armed groups, it has mostly avoided confronting the military since the coup. Instead, it has provided only covert support to anti-junta forces and engaged indirectly with new opposition political institutions. The group’s ambiguous post-coup positioning reflects its long-term ambition to achieve autonomy. As it assumes the role of a quasi-state, the TNLA should focus on supporting the population in its areas and avoiding military adventurism that might provoke conflict with other ethnic armed groups or the military; it should also cease coerced and underage recruitment for its armed forces. Outside actors should support the provision of services in Shan State, working through local civil society.
Since its inception in 2009, the TNLA has slowly acquired more strength and territory. It garnered popular supportamong the Ta’ang by pushing a strict anti-drug use policy and bringing together disparate communities under a common ethnic identity. Other ethnic armed groups in Myanmar – including the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) and, more recently, the United Wa State Army (UWSA), which is the largest such group and controls an autonomous region in Shan State – provided the training and weapons the TNLA needed to build up its armed forces. Over the past decade, it gradually expanded its geographical footprint. For much of that time, it regularly clashed with the Myanmar military and its allied militias, as well as the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS), a rival ethnic armed group.
The 2021 coup has further strengthened the TNLA’s hand. Busy fighting on other fronts, the Myanmar military has largely withdrawn from the northern Shan State battlefield, enabling the group and its allies to gain territory and expel the RCSS from the area. The TNLA, which counts an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 personnel, can now project power into nearby towns. The military’s withdrawal has also enabled the TNLA to assert authority in places it controls and govern in a way that advances its goal of building a robust, autonomous Ta’ang nation. Working in partnership with Ta’ang civil society organisations, it has followed the lead of larger armed groups and created an incipient “Ta’ang State”, complete with courts, schools and health facilities. This quasi-state is very much a work in progress, but since the coup the group and its civil society partners, many of which are women-led, have moved well down the road toward creating a de facto autonomous governing body.
To focus on consolidating control, the TNLA has staked out a middle ground in Myanmar’s post-coup conflict. It now tries to steer clear of clashes with the military. Although the Ta’ang group has been an important source of training and weapons for new forces resisting the junta, it has avoided publicising this support. It has also kept informal its engagement with the National Unity Government (NUG) – a parallel administration set up by lawmakers ousted by the coup – instead allowing Ta’ang civil society groups and politicians to lead the way in building these relationships. The TNLA has also maintained contact with the junta. Along with two other ethnic armed groups, it recently had a rare meeting with regime negotiators tasked with striking ceasefire deals.
It did so under pressure from Beijing. China has longstanding ties to Myanmar, with which it shares a 2,160km border, and since the late 1980s has invested heavily in its neighbour, in part through its Belt and Road Initiative. In order to protect its economic interests, China is particularly keen to keep the southern border it shares with Shan State stable.
The TNLA’s positioning helps explain why building an anti-military coalition in Myanmar has proven so difficult. Most ethnic armed groups are hostile to the military regime, but they also see little prospect of it collapsing, making them reluctant to cement alliances with the NUG or armed resistance. Chinese pressures further push these groups away from overt confrontation. At the same time, the TNLA and other ethnic armed groups are influenced by their communities, civil society organisations, and the broader domestic and even international public. They thus have to balance various demands when determining the best pathway to achieving their objectives – in the TNLA’s case, a de facto autonomous Ta’ang State.
The group’s expansion in recent years also reflects a broader fragmentation within Myanmar’s national borders that has accelerated since the 2021 coup. With the central administration unable to operate normally, non-state armed groups such as the TNLA or civil society organisations working in the areas they control are the purveyors of public services to millions of people. Together, the TNLA and Ta’ang civil society organisations run schools, provide health care, collect taxes and administer justice systems.
The TNLA’s rise is not without risk to it or the people under its control. Further expansion could provoke conflict with either other ethnic armed groups or the military. Even absent TNLA growth, the military may at some point seek to recapture some of the lost territory. Non-Ta’ang people in Shan State feel threatened by the TNLA’s gathering might, fanning inter-communal tensions. The high costs associated with maintaining a large armed force and system of governance also mean that the TNLA runs the risk of overreach. The need to raise revenue already appears to be pushing it into competition with other ethnic armed groups and pro-military militias, which could lead to sharpening hostilities.
Given the reality of state fragmentation in Myanmar, the people of northern Shan State will be best served through a combined effort by the TNLA, civil society and donors to manage conflict risk, improve governance and deliver services. The TNLA should refrain from further expansion, which would risk renewed conflict, and take greater care to avoid provoking other ethnic minorities living in its territory. It should reform its recruitment policies, including by ending conscription – often enforced through violence or threats thereof – and cracking down on recruitment of child soldiers. Meanwhile, donors should expand support for civil society organisations in northern Shan State, including not only Ta’ang groups but also those run by other ethnic minorities. Strengthening civil society would not only allow these groups to provide more services to civilians, but it would also afford them a degree of moderating influence over the leadership of armed groups, particularly when it comes to maintaining peaceful inter-ethnic relations in this corner of war-torn Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
International Crisis Group (Belgium)
Date of publication:
2023-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2023-09-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Armed conflict and peace-building in Burma - theoretical, strategic and general, Human Rights and international relations
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3.34 MB 499.8 KB
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"RE: ASEAN members and their dialogue partners are urged to end Burma/Myanmar military’s access to jet fuel and weapons ahead of ASEAN summit
Your excellencies,
We, the undersigned 149 organizations, are writing to urge prompt, coordinated actions of governments of ASEAN and ASEAN dialogue partners to bring an end to the ongoing atrocities perpetrated daily by the Burmese military.
It has been more than two years since the illegal military coup deposed Burma’s democratically-elected leaders. In that time, ASEAN and its partner governments, including the EU, US, Japan, South Korea and Australia, have failed to take sufficient actions to hold the military to account, implement the “Five Point Consensus,” and end the violence.
From September 5-7, your government will participate in the ASEAN Summit in Jakarta. We urge you to work with all government representatives present at the Summit to deliver the following:
1. A joint call from ASEAN and ASEAN dialogue partners calling for the United Nations Security Council to demonstrate their support of ASEAN, the Five-Point Consensus, and the people of Burma by keeping the situation in Burma on the agenda and introducing resolution that calls for regular meetings and an arms embargo, including a ban on aviation fuel.
2. A joint release from ASEAN governments announcing: a commitment to preventing the junta from procuring aviation fuel. This includes:
Classifying aviation fuel as a “dual-use technology” under applicable local laws;
Banning the shipment or transshipment of aviation fuel through ports in ASEAN member states;
Banning companies located in ASEAN member-states from selling or transporting aviation fuel to any entity in Myanmar; and
Banning the provision of financial services, such as maritime shipping insurance, to companies or vessels transporting aviation fuel to Burma.
3. A joint commitment from ASEAN members to further restrict the military junta’s access to funding and the international banking system. U.S. sanctions on the Myanmar Foreign Trade Bank have given ASEAN members legal cover to prevent their banks from transmitting money to the junta. ASEAN members should work with their domestic monetary authorities to ensure that domiciled banks are not making or processing payments to the junta and its affiliated entities.
The junta is using aerial attacks to target civilian-populated areas, including IDPs hiding places, and initiate conflict with local ethnic groups. In the first four months of 2023, there were 442 airstrikes. This nearly eclipses the total number of airstrikes conducted in all of 2022, which was 449.
On July 27, two schools in Karenni State were damaged due to airstrikes, with many villagers emphasizing the intentionality behind the attacks: “When they [the military] can’t establish the educational and administrative systems they want, they resort to attacking schools, hindering Karenni children from learning.” Children from Karen state have been forced to seek refuge in the seven refugee camps that line the Thai-Burma border after military attacks increased the number of school-aged refugees from 16,000 to 21,000 in just one year.
In Kachin state, military planes drop bombs in villages, killing civilians. Civilians in Shan state were killed after the military bombed villages believed to be hiding local soldiers, an accusation later disproved. In late July, over 3,000 civilians were forcibly displaced from central Burma’s Sagaing region over the span of five days of military fighting.
As the civilian death toll rises and the number of refugees and internally displaced peoples increases, it is impossible to deny that access to jet fuel is critical to support the military’s campaign of violence.
Yet governments have failed to act and companies continue to facilitate the military’s access to jet fuel. In November 2022, Amnesty International’s report, Deadly Cargo, linked jet fuel access to increasing human rights abuses; but only months later, Global Witness and Amnesty International revealed the names of several companies, including, but not limited to, Thai, Indian, and Japanese, that were still engaging in the shipment of jet fuel to the Burmese junta in March 2023. The engagement of these companies makes them complicit in the human rights abuses committed by the Burmese junta via aerial attacks throughout the country.
The United States and United Kingdom have both placed sanctions on Burmese and Singaporean entities accused of facilitating the trade in aviation fuel, while the U.S. has issued a regulatory determination threatening further sanctions against companies involved in the sale of aviation fuel into Burma. We strongly encourage ASEAN member-states to support these sanctions and work with international partners to end the trade of aviation fuel in Burma.
ASEAN, the UN, and other governments have failed the people of Burma for far too long. The country is in desperate need of support beyond arbitrary condemnations. We urge you to stand on the right side of history and act with urgency to hold the military accountable for its crimes and bring Burma the peace and justice the people of Burma deserve.
Sincerely,
Signed by:
Ah Nah Podcast – Conversations with Myanmar, Ireland
ALTSEAN-Burma, Thailand
American Baptist Churches, KS, USA
American Baptist Churches, OH, USA
Arizona Kachin Community, AZ, USA
Australian Karen Organisation Inc
Bangladesh Rohingya Student Union (BRSU)
Better Burma, CA, USA
Burma Action Ireland
Burma Advocacy Group, USA
Burma Campaign UK
Burma Canadian Association of Ontario
Burma Task Force, IL, USA
Burmese American Community Institute, IN, USA
Burmese Women’s Union (BWU), Thailand
California Kachin Community, CA, USA
Calvary Burmese Church, Washington, DC
Campaign for a New Myanmar, Washington, DC, USA
Chin Association of Maryland, Inc. MD, USA
Chin Baptist Association, MD, USA
Community Rebuilding Centre, Bangladesh
Coordination Team for Emergency Relief (Karenni), Burma
Crane Center for Prevention of Mass Atrocities, CA, USA
CRPH Funding Ireland
Dallas Kachin Community, TX, USA
DEEKU-Karenni Community of Amarillo, TX, USA
Det Norsk Baptistsamfunn, Norway
DFW Kachin Baptist Church, TX
EarthRights International, Washington, DC, USA
European Karen Network, Norway
Florida Kachin Community, FL, USA
Free Burma Campaign South Africa
Georgia Kachin Community, GA, USA
Give A Helping Hand, Norway
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, NY, USA
Houston Kachin Community, TX, USA
Human Rights Foundation of Monland, Burma
Humanity Institute, Burma
Institute for Asian Democracy, Washington, DC. USA
International Campaign for the Rohingya, Washington, DC, USA
International Karen Organization, PA, USA
Iowa Kachin Community, IA, USA
Jewish World Watch, CA, USA
Justice For All, Washington, DC. USA
K’Nyaw Baptist Church, MN
Kachin American Community (Portland – Vancouver)
Kachin Baptist Churches, MD, USA
Kachin Community of Indiana, IN, USA
Kachin Community of USA
Kachin Contextual Analysis Team, Burma
Kachin refugee committee, Malaysia
Kachin Women’s Association Thailand
Kansas Karenni community, KS, USA
Karen American Association of Wisconsin, WI, USA
Karen Association of Huron, SD, USA
Karen Baptist Church, CO
Karen Community of Canada
Karen Community in Norway
Karen Community of Akron, OH, USA
Karen Community of Georgia, GA, USA
Karen Community of Greensboro, NC, USA
Karen Community of Iowa, IA, USA
Karen Community of Kansas City, KS & MO, USA
Karen Community of Minnesota, MN, USA
Karen Human Rights Group, Burma
Karen Organization of Illinois, IL, USA
Karen Peace Support Network, Thailand
Karen Women’s Organization (KWO), Thailand
Karen Youth Education Pathways, Washington, DC, USA
Karen Youth Network, Burma
Karenni Community of Arizona, AZ, USA
Karenni Community of Arkensas, AK, USA
Karenni Community of Austin, TX, USA
Karenni Community of Bowling Green, KY, USA
Karenni Community of Buffalo, NY, USA
Karenni Community of Chicago, IL, USA
Karenni Community of Colorado, CO, USA
Karenni Community of Dallas, TX, USA
Karenni Community of Des Moines, IA, USA
Karenni Community of Florida, FL, USA
Karenni Community of Fort Worth, TX, USA
Karenni Community of Georgia, GA, USA
Karenni Community of Houston, TX, USA
Karenni Community of Idaho, ID, USA
Karenni Community of Indianapolis, IN, USA
Karenni Community of Massachusetts, MA, USA
Karenni Community of Michigan, MI, USA
Karenni community of Minnesota, MN, USA
Karenni Community of Missouri, MO, USA
Karenni Community of North Carolina, NC, USA
Karenni Community of Portland, OR, USA
Karenni Community of Rockford, IL, USA
Karenni Community of San Antonio, TX, USA
Karenni Community of Sioux Falls, SD, USA
Karenni Community of Utah, UT, USA
Karenni Community of Utica, NY, USA
Karenni Community of Washington, WA, USA
Karenni Community of Wisconsin, WI, USA
Karenni Human Rights Group, Burma
Karenni National Women’s Organization (KNWO), Thailand
Karenni Society of Omaha, NE, USA
Karenni-American Association, USA, USA
Kayan Women’s Organization (KyWO), Burma
Kentucky Kachin Community, KY, USA
Kuki Women’s Human Rights Organization (KWHRO), Burma
L’chaim! Jews Against the Death Penalty
Lahu Women’s Organization (LWO)
Louisiana Kachin Community, LA, USA
Maryland Kachin Community, MD, USA
Michigan Kachin Community, MI, USA
Milwaukee Myanmar Christian Church, WI, USA
Mingalarama Wiharra Monastery, MD, USA
Minnesota Kachin Community, MN, USA
Myanmar Campaign Network, Australia
Myanmar Christian Church of Metro Chicago, IL, USA
Never Again Coalition, OR, USA
New York Kachin Community, NY, USA
No Business With Genocide, Washington, DC, USA
North Carolina Kachin Community, NA, USA
NUG and CRPH Supporters Ireland
Omaha Kachin Community, NE, USA
Overseas Burmese Christian Fellowship, MA
Pa-O Women’s Union (PWU), Burma
Peace and Justice Committee, KY, USA
Pennsylvania Kachin Community, PA, USA
Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association
Rohingya Action Ireland
Rohingya Students Network, Bangladesh
Shan Women’s Action Network (SWAN), Thailand
South Carolina Kachin Community, SC, USA
Ta’ang Women’s Organization (TWO), Burma
Tavoy Women’s Union (TWU)
Temple Beth Tikvah, Roswell, GA
Temple Habonim, Barrington, RI
Tennessee Kachin Community, TN, USA
U.S. Campaign for Burma, Washington, DC, USA
Unitarian Universalist Association, NY, USA
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, MA, USA
Unitarian Universalist Women’s Federation, WI, USA
United States Chin Coalition, IN, USA
UU College of Social Justice, MA, USA
UU Mass Action, MA, USA
UU Society of Oneonta NY, USA
Virginia Kachin Community, VA, USA
Washington Kachin Community, WA, USA
West Virginia Kachin Community, WV, USA
Women for Justice (WJ), Burma
Women’s League of Burma, Thailand
Women’s Peace Network, Washington, DC. USA..."
Source/publisher:
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Kachin Women's Association Thailand, Karen Human Rights Group, Shan Women's Action Network
Date of publication:
2023-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2023-08-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Human Rights and international relations, Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory
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"OVERVIEW
The humanitarian crisis in Myanmar deteriorated significantly throughout the first half of 2023. Escalating clashes and attacks have had dire consequences for millions of civilians who are enduring widespread insecurity and aerial bombardment, mass displacement, and limited access to critical services, including health. In May, the situation was further exacerbated by extremely severe cyclone Mocha, the worst natural disaster in Myanmar in over a decade. The cyclone devastated communities across Rakhine, the Northwest and Kachin with thousands of homes, productive assets, vast swathes of farmland, and critical infrastructure such as hospitals and schools destroyed or severely damaged. Cyclone Mocha rolled back some limited gains of recent years especially around agriculture and livelihoods, and added an additional 500,000 people to the humanitarian target for 2023 (now 5 million people). The first half of 2023 also saw surging inflation nationwide that further disrupted livelihood activities and depleted coping capacity, leaving more people than ever needing humanitarian assistance.
Between January and June 2023 alone, the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) climbed to nearly 1.9 million (as of end of June) up from just over 1.5 million in late December 2022, increasing needs and further stretching already lean humanitarian resources. The spike in displacement aligns with a surge in conflict during the first half of the year, with the Northwest and Southeast being most affected. Humanitarian operations and personnel were also targeted or heavily affected by conflict, bureaucratic impediments and restrictions. Between January and June, humanitarian organizations reported about 630 access incidents across the country (60 per cent of which occurred in Q2), impeding the delivery of vital assistance and services to affected people particularly in Rakhine, the Northwest and Southeast regions.
Despite multiple challenges in the operating context and severe underfunding, humanitarian partners have continued to rapidly scale up in response to the deepening needs, reaching at least 1.8 million people during the first half of 2023. This represents 36 per cent of the 5 million people targeted for assistance through the combined 2023 HRP and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeal. However, this assistance is not as deep, sustained, or multi-sectoral as planned due to access blockages and this is a major impediment to addressing needs. The Food Security Cluster accounts for the highest proportion of the reported mid-year result (about 1.2 million) followed by the Protection (more than 929,000) and WASH Clusters (around 637,000). These figures are based on self-reporting by partners and the number of operational partners, particularly local organizations who are reporting, has now jumped to 208 (up from 156 in Q1). Despite this improvement, some response efforts are still likely to be missed in these calculations.
The coverage of the response reflects the prioritization of the most vulnerable groups, particularly IDPs and ‘non-displaced stateless people’, with partners collectively reaching 42 per cent of the targets for these population groups. The reach for the ‘other crisis-affected people’ and ‘returned, resettled, and locally integrated IDPs’ is much lower at 33 per cent and 10 per cent respectively. Despite the multiple constraints and impediments, partners have prioritized and marginally scaled up responses across some of the areas of highest needs in Rakhine, the Southeast (Kayah, Kayin), and the Northwest (Chin, Magway, Sagaing), and northern Shan during the first half of the year.
The 2023 HRP remains drastically underfunded, with only 20 per cent of the requirements received by the end of June, according to FTS (22 per cent funded as of August). This dire funding situation is despite the deepening needs, the surge in displacement, cyclone Mocha impacts, and soaring inflation that have further stretched the grossly insufficient resources across clusters. Heading into the second half of the year, partners will be forced to further reduce coverage and packages of assistance if immediate and sufficient funding is not received, leaving large numbers of vulnerable households without the critical services and support they need to survive..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2023-08-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Human Rights and international relations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
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"Seventy-eighth session
Item 73 (c) of the provisional agenda*
Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights
situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives
Summary
The present report is submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 77/227 and covers the period from 15 August 2022 to 14 August 2023. In addition to the human rights situation of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities, the report focuses on the continued deterioration of the political, humanitarian and security situation in Myanmar following the military takeover in February 2021, including further restrictions of human rights and the worsening of socioeconomic conditions. There is an urgent need for safe, full and unhindered humanitarian access to vulnerable communities in line with international principles. That urgency has been compounded by the devastation caused by Cyclone Mocha in May 2023. The report highlights the continued brutal repression by the military. Thousands have been killed since February 2021, including children, with reports of increased sexual and gender-based violence committed by the military while civic space continues to shrink. The multifaceted crisis in Myanmar continues to yield serious regional implications, including displacement and the proliferation of illicit activities. Since February 2021, more than 64,000 people have fled and remain outside of Myanmar. More than 1.6 million people have been internally displaced. Rohingya people remained displaced domestically and abroad, including nearly 1 million Rohingya in Bangladesh. While peaceful opposition to the military persisted, armed resistance expanded, adding to an already precarious situation. There has been no meaningful action by the military to address the root causes that led to the forced displacement of the Rohingya population. The United Nations will continue to stand in solidarity with the people of Myanmar and to support their democratic aspirations for an inclusive, peaceful and just society and the protection of all communities, including the Rohingya. As part of this effort, the Organization will seek to further strengthen cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations towards de-escalating the violence and reaching a sustainable political solution in line with relevant General Assembly resolutions and Security Council resolution 2669 (2022).
I. Introduction
1. The present report is submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 77/227, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to continue to provide his good offices and pursue discussions relating to Myanmar, involving all relevant stakeholders, and to offer assistance to Myanmar, and to submit a report to the General Assembly on all relevant issues addressed in the resolution at its seventy-eighth session. The present report covers the period from 15 August 2022 to 14 August 2023.
2. During the reporting period, the political, security, humanitarian and human rights situation in Myanmar deteriorated further, and socioeconomic conditions worsened, affecting regional stability, in particular in terms of increased illicit activities. Armed conflict and violence continued to intensify, displacing communities across Myanmar, with many seeking asylum across borders. The devastation caused by Cyclone Mocha in May 2023 and access constraints compounded multiple vulnerabilities in conflict-affected areas.
3. Myanmar remains extremely vulnerable to natural disasters, including cyclones, flooding, extreme temperatures and droughts, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable. The collapse of many rule of law and regulatory safeguards since the military takeover has also resulted in the illegal exploitation of natural resources.
4. The Secretary-General and his Special Envoy continued to condemn all forms of violence and reiterated calls for the military to respect the will of the people, to refrain from repression and to act in the greater interest of peace and stability in Myanmar and the region. In a statement ahead of 1 February 2023, which marked two years since the military takeover, the Secretary-General expressed his ongoing solidarity with the people of Myanmar in support of their democratic aspirations for an inclusive, peaceful and just society and the protection of all communities, including the Rohingya. He called for the release of all those arbitrarily detained, including President Win Myint and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi.
5. The Secretary-General has called for neighbouring countries and other Member States to leverage their influence over the military leadership. The Secretary-General drew global attention to Myanmar as the multifaceted crisis continued to unfold, including through his strong condemnation of large-scale aerial attacks by the military and his expression of deep concern about the ongoing political repression.
6. On 21 December 2022, the Security Council adopted resolution 2669 (2022), in which it demanded an immediate end to all forms of violence throughout the country and urged restraint and de-escalation of tensions, while acknowledging the central role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), including its five -point consensus on Myanmar. The Council further urged the military to immediately release all arbitrarily detained prisoners, including President Win Myint and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, and reiterated its call to uphold democratic institutions and processes and to pursue constructive dialogue and reconciliation in accordance with the will and interests of the people of Myanmar. The Council also requested the Secretary-General, in coordination with the ASEAN Special Envoy, to report orally to the Council by 15 March 2023. The Council convened a private meeting on 13 March 2023 and heard briefings from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, in her capacity as the representative of the ASEAN Chair, and from the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General. The Council also met twice in closed consultations to consider the situation in Myanmar during the reporting period.
8. On 15 December 2022, the annual General Assembly adopted by consensus resolution 77/227 on the situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar.
9. The Special Envoy briefed the General Assembly on 25 October 2022 and 16 March 2023, and called for regional unity and international coherence in support of a process led by Myanmar to end the violence and return to the path of democracy. The Special Envoy also emphasized the need for the delivery of humanitarian assistance through all available channels and the protection of civilians.
10. The Special Envoy visited Myanmar from 16 to 18 August 2022 and met with the Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar armed forces, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, to press for full and unimpeded humanitarian access and stress that progress depended on an end to the violence and visible and significant improvements in the lives of the people of Myanmar. Following the execution of pro-democracy activists in late July 2022, which the Secretary-General strongly condemned, the Special Envoy urged the Senior General to impose a moratorium on executions. She also reiterated the call of the Secretary-General for the release of all political prisoners. The Special Envoy further highlighted the responsibility of Myanmar to create conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees. Her visit was preceded by consultations with a range of stakeholders, including the National Unity Government and key ethnic armed organizations.
11. The Special Envoy visited Bangladesh from 22 to 26 August 2022 to engage with refugees in Cox’s Bazar and highlight the need for greater responsibility-sharing, while recognizing the continued generosity of that country. On 21 and 22 February 2023, the Special Envoy visited Saudi Arabia to discuss potential cooperation with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation on educational opportunities for Rohingya refugees. The Special Envoy also visited Indonesia from 4 to 6 April to strengthen cooperation with the ASEAN Chair and the ASEAN Special Envoy on Myanmar. She visited China and India from 1 to 3 May and on 9 and 10 May, respectively, to call for strengthened regional unity to respond to the crisis in Myanmar.
12. The Secretary-General and his Special Envoy repeatedly cautioned against proceeding with any electoral process without a genuine, inclusive political dial ogue and conditions that permitted citizens to freely exercise their political rights without fear or intimidation, as this risked further exacerbating violence and instability.
13. On 11 November 2022, ASEAN leaders attending the fortieth and forty-first ASEAN Summits reaffirmed the need to implement the five-point consensus “in its entirety” and requested ASEAN foreign ministers to develop “an implementation plan that outlines concrete, practical and measurable indicators with a specific timeline”. In his address to ASEAN leaders, the Secretary-General reiterated his support for ASEAN playing a vital role in contributing to multilateral solutions to respond to the political, security, human rights and humanitarian situation in Myanmar.
14. ASEAN leaders met again from 9 to 11 May 2023 and, in a statement by the Chair, reiterated their “unified position” that the ASEAN five-point consensus remained their “main reference” in addressing developments in Myanmar, and supported the Chair’s continued engagement with all stakeholders in Myanmar to find a peaceful and durable solution. In a statement following their meeting of 11 and 12 July 2023, ASEAN foreign ministers “urged all parties involved to take concrete action to immediately halt indiscriminate violence, denounce any escalation, and create a conducive environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and inclusive national dialogue”.
15. The United Nations is committed to staying in Myanmar and addressing the multiple vulnerabilities arising from the actions of the military since February 2021. Humanitarian and community resilience needs increased significantly during the reporting period, while the United Nations and other operational partners faced greater constraints and risks in delivering assistance. Despite these factors, the United Nations continued to deliver support to the people of Myanmar and scaled up the response, reaching 4.4 million people in 2022 and a further 1.8 million people in the first six months of 2023. The State Administration Council continued to limit access to affected populations in many parts of the country, including in the wake of Cyclone Mocha, which caused significant damage in many parts of Myanmar. In May, unidentified assailants attacked an ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management convoy under military escort, underscoring the challenges in delivering assistance in a complex security environment. Since February 2021, the military has enacted numerous measures, including an extension of the state of emergency and the introduction of martial law in 47 townships as of the end of February 2023, alongside Internet shutdowns in over 20 townships, eroding civic space and restricting the exercise of human rights, such as the rights to freedom of opinion and expression and freedom of peaceful assembly and association. During the reporting period, the introduction of an organization registration law established new, cumbersome administrative steps to register and re-register civil society organizations and international non-governmental organizations, and imposed severe criminal penalties for non-compliance, including prison sentences.
16. Elections initiated by the State Administration Council appear unlikely to occur this year. The military had pledged elections as part of its five-point road map, but the efforts of the State Administration Council to consolidate control included revisions to the election law that led to the dissolution of some of the most popularly supported political parties, including the ousted National League for Democracy. The extension of the state of emergency, and the sustained offensive against the resistance, including ongoing aerial bombardment in civilian populated areas, continued to drive conflict and violence throughout the country.
17. The State Administration Council continued its engagement with select ethnic armed organizations signatory to the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement, inviting their leaders to what it described as peace talks in Nay Pyi Taw. Key ethnic armed organizations, especially those engaged in active conflict, including several signatories to the Agreement, declined to participate. The State Administration Council has excluded key resistance movements, including the National Unity Government, as well as the National Unity Consultative Council and the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, foreclosing the opportunity for genuine and inclusive dialogue. The State Administration Council continues to designate the National Unity Government, the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, and the People’s Defence Forces as “terrorist organizations”.
18. Ethnic states in border areas, as well as central Myanmar regions, including Sagaing and Magway, remain among the most affected by armed conflict, refl ecting sustained opposition to the Myanmar military. Resistance forces, including selfdeclared People’s Defence Forces in these areas, have increased their collaboration with established ethnic armed organizations, and some of these forces have grown increasingly sophisticated, utilizing new technologies and accessing regional arms markets. Some resistance groups are also carrying out attacks on targets they perceive as pro-military as the State Administration Council continues to support and reportedly increasingly rely on militias that work alongside security forces. Such groups include the Pyu Saw Htee militia, which includes military veterans and supporters active in Sagaing and Magwe, as well as several other militias allegedly responsible for targeted killings, notably of civilians, elsewhere in the country.
19. Despite efforts by the Myanmar armed forces to assert control, popular support for the resistance persisted, which also affected key allies, including the Border Guard Forces. In June, armed personnel from the military-aligned Border Guard Forces in Kayah State broke ranks and fought alongside resistance forces against military targets. The defection, assessed by some as the first substantial defection from the Border Guard Forces since the military takeover, reflected the competing pressures faced by some allies of the Myanmar armed forces.
20. Throughout the reporting period, there continued to be credible reports of aerial bombardments, large-scale burning of villages, killings of civilians, and sexual and gender-based violence by the Myanmar armed forces. There were also reports of resistance groups using violence and committing human rights abuses. The Secretary - General has called on all sides to exercise maximum restraint and to desist from any form of violence and focus on reducing the suffering of the people as a prerequisite for sustainable peace.
21. Reflective of growing social cohesion across ethnic and political party lines, several key ethnic armed organizations, the National Unity Government and civil society organizations articulated several proposals aimed at fostering domestic political coherence and responding to the increasing humanitarian and protection needs of the most vulnerable communities, including by working with the Un ited Nations, ASEAN and neighbouring countries.
22. For example, National Unity Government and National Unity Consultative Council members, including representatives of women’s groups, labour groups and ethnic armed organizations, formed a joint coordination committee on humanitarian assistance to coordinate policy in relation to the delivery of aid to communities affected by human-made and natural disasters. The National Unity Government and several key ethnic armed organizations, including the Chin National Front, the Karen National Union and the Karenni National Progressive Party, conducted a joint humanitarian assessment of the most vulnerable areas of Myanmar and shared it with international actors. This group, together with humanitarian civil society organizations, continued to promote an inclusive humanitarian forum led by Myanmar aimed at addressing vulnerabilities through all channels, including credible, locally led organizations.
23. In Rakhine State, there was some incremental improvement in freedom of movement for the Rohingya owing to improved intercommunal relations in certain areas. However, no discernible efforts were noted on the part of the military to address the structural issues that impede the peace and prosperity of Rakhine State and that disproportionately affect Rohingya communities.
24. Civil and citizenship documentation remained inaccessible for the vast majority of the Rohingya owing to complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as prohibitive costs. Citizenship application remains contingent on possessing the National Verification Card or Identity Card for National Verification, which continue to designate Rohingya as “Bengali”. Rohingya communities continued to face significant challenges in registering the births of their children and updating household lists, which affects their freedom of movement, access to services, school enrolment and civil and other key documentation, including with regard to housing, land and property.
25. Cyclone Mocha caused significant damage in Rakhine State, with Rohingya in internally displaced persons camps among the worst affected. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimated that almost 5.4 million people were in the cyclone’s path in Rakhine and north-west Myanmar. In response, humanitarian partners issued a flash appeal to assist 1.6 million people in the affected areas, including 1.1 million already targeted as part of the Myanmar humanitarian response plan for 2023. The combined humanitarian response plan and flash appeal for 2023 would assist 5 million people and require $887 million. As at 14 August 2023, the combined response plan was only 25 per cent funded.
26. The retraction by the State Administration Council of initial approval for the cyclone-related distribution and transportation plans of the United Nations and the temporary suspension of travel authorizations for humanitarian organizations in Rakhine impeded the humanitarian response and compounded the already dire living conditions of the cyclone-affected population. Despite restrictions, humanitarians reached almost 607,000 people with food assistance in Rakhine, and more than 274,000 people with shelter support, while support was provided in other areas, including health care, nutrition, and short- and long-term recovery and communitybased resilience support. The Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator ad interim for Myanmar called on the State Administration Council to urgently reconsider its decision to deny access.
27. The Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar, Noeleen Heyzer, concluded her assignment on 12 June 2023. The Secretary-General is thankful to Ms. Heyzer for her tireless efforts on behalf of peace and the people of Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
UN General Assembly
Date of publication:
2023-08-14
Date of entry/update:
2023-08-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Armed conflict and peace-building in Burma - theoretical, strategic and general, Human Rights and international relations
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298.13 KB
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""Importantly, those involved in conflict need to know how to cultivate and foster peace for our future."
Jesua Lynn
The military coup in Myanmar has heavily affected young people, who represent more than 30 per cent of the population. The military regime has brutally killed more than 3,000 innocent civilians and made more than 20,000 arrests, and young people have been leading the resistance since day one.
Young people have been active in protests and have employed different disobedience tactics, including social media campaigns, fundraising with gamification and click-to-donate. The oppressive rules limiting the rights and freedom of young people have even led many of them to take up arms to fight for their rights, as well as to defend their families and reclaim democracy.
But many groups of young people also spread the awareness of social cohesion, cultural diversity and conflict resolution, to help equip their peers as a foundation for future nation and state-building.
One youth-led platform in particular is still committed to peacebuilding and nation-building in the future. It is the School of Federalism and Peace Studies, Spring University Myanmar, founded and led by the younger generations of Myanmar. This pioneer academic platform offers three main activities: short courses, diploma courses and debate classes, with the theme of federalism and peace studies.
This platform for young individuals aims to educate and equip their peers, younger generations and the wider public with the necessary knowledge to comprehend the ongoing conflicts in Myanmar from both practical and academic perspectives.
"We train the young people to understand the transitional justice and genocide studies to apply in their relevant works and put efforts to avoid such ugly crimes against humanity in the future"
Teaching peace
The curriculum includes courses such as ‘Peace, Conflict, and Society’ and ‘Human Rights and Peacebuilding’, designed to foster an interdisciplinary understanding of present conflict patterns, violence, and human rights violations within society. Additionally, modules on genocide studies, humanitarian intervention, and the role of media in peacebuilding are incorporated to train young people to analyse current conflicts and encourage their involvement in conflict prevention, management, and action against the crimes committed against humanity in Myanmar.
The module on ‘Social Cohesion and Transitional Justice’ seeks to raise awareness among young individuals about the importance of transitional justice. It encourages them to exert more effort in promoting justice at the community and national levels.
A School representative said, “Young people are actively involved in revolutionary movements for the restoration of democracy and claiming the peaceful federal state. On the other hand, our younger generations need to access the understanding of important ingredients of future peacebuilding. That is what we are doing. We train the young people to understand the transitional justice and genocide studies to apply in their relevant works and put efforts to avoid such ugly crimes against humanity in the future.”
After the military coup, there has been significantly increased hate speech and polarisation within the society due to the different political beliefs and affiliations. There also has been spread of misinformation and ethno-religious divides, which have been used by the military to divide the public. To contribute to combating this, the School’s training equips young people to recognising and undermining these manipulated narratives of hate within the community.
The School offers a training programme focusing on dialogue and debate to enhance critical thinking and foster an authentic community dialogue culture. It is worth noting that the international community has consistently emphasised the importance of dialogue, but the military regime has often manipulated these dialogue arrangements, resulting in negative responses from the younger generations and the people. Therefore, it is crucial to educate the younger generations on the true essence and purpose of authentic dialogue and its potential applications.
Looking to the future
Given the political situation in Myanmar, the areas beyond any government control have been expanding, leaving the local people to decide how to deal with the conflicts in their areas in their own ways. Dialogue can serve as a viable pathway for progress in these circumstances.
To achieve the desired peaceful, democratic, and federal nation, internal cohesion is critical. Dialogue can enhance social cohesion within the community to have a common goal and objective for future nation and state-building. To prepare the younger generations for involvement in nation and state-building, they need to be equipped with essential skills such as critical thinking, research, presentation, and debate.
This school platform can be considered a pioneering space where young people can learn the skills and competencies to actively participate in conflict resolution, monitoring, social cohesion, and future nation and state-building. While much attention is often directed towards resistance and revolution, this group of young people focuses on the future of Myanmar, dedicating their efforts to peacebuilding and preparing their peers for the challenges ahead.
Currently, this school platform is under-resourced and ask for the cooperation and any assistance for the sustainability. These kinds of works should have more access to resources and support.
“Those in the conflict need to understand peace and how to build peace. If they do not know how to make or build peace, there will always be problem-solving through violence, even in the future,” said a representative from the School.
Jesua Lynn is an independent research and training consultant. He has been working in the field of peacebuilding, social cohesion, and youth activism of Myanmar for more than five years. He also writes the articles and stories in Asia Democracy Chronicles, as a regular contributor from Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
Peace Direct
Date of publication:
2023-08-17
Date of entry/update:
2023-08-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Armed conflict and peace-building in Burma - theoretical, strategic and general, Politics and Government - global and regional - general studies, strategies, theory
Language:
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Description:
"Kayin, Myanmar
Event Date : Mon, 07 Aug 2023
AHADID : AHA-FL-2023-000694-MMR | GLIDE Number :
Impact Update Date : Mon, 07 Aug 2023 10:05:28
AFFECTED AREA/S
Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Magway, Mon, Rakhine, Tanintharyi, Yangon
DESCRIPTION
Reports as of 11 August 2023,
The flooding occurs in the following areas:
Kachin: Bamo
Kayin: Kyainseikgyi, Kyeikdon, Hlaingbwe, Myawaddy, Hpa-An, Hpa-pun, Kyondoe, Kawkareik
Chin: Kawkareik
Tanintharyi: Kawthaung, Taninthayi - Bago Shwegyin, Bago
Magway: Chauk, Yenangyaung
Mon: Thanbyuzayat, Mudon, Mawlamyine, Bilin, Ye, Kyaikto, Thaton
Rakhine: Thandwe, Toungup, Maungdaw, Kyauktaw, Minbya
Yangon: Taik Kyi..."
Source/publisher:
ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-08-07
Date of entry/update:
2023-08-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Flooding in Burma/Myanmar, Natural Disasters - General
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.23 MB
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Description:
"HIGHLIGHTS
According to the UN, an estimated 1,927,200 internally displaced people (IDPs) were reported across the country, including 1,599,200 displaced after 1 February 2021.
In the North-West, displacements continued following frequent airstrikes and arson attacks. Some 48,000 cyclone-affected people still require humanitarian assistance with urgent repairs needed on over 9,000 damaged or destroyed shelters. In Chin, Magway and Sagaing, humanitarian access became increasingly difficult due to the escalating conflict.
In Rakhine and Chin (South) States, 150,000 shelters remained in poor condition in Rakhine State after Cyclone Mocha. Explosive remnants of war and debris as well as saltwater contamination and poor drainage and sanitation are immediate challenges that have elevated the risk of malaria and waterborne illnesses such as dengue and acute watery diarrhea in several Townships.
In Kachin and Shan (North), persistent clashes saw many people flee their homes in search of safety within Kayah State or across the Thai border, leaving many at heightened risk of indiscriminate attacks and shelling, arbitrary arrest and abduction. Access to basic services, including healthcare and education, was extremely limited for new IDPs. Food security was another significant concern with access to livelihood areas reduced due to movement restrictions imposed by armed actors, concerns that farmland had been contaminated with unexploded ordnance as well as fears of forced recruitment.
In the South-East, clashes, airstrikes and indiscriminate and targeted shelling were reported in Kayah, Kayin, Mon and Shan (South) States and Bago (East) and Tanintharyi Regions. The destruction of civilian infrastructure in villages and IDP sites, including homes, hospitals, schools, and places of worship, continued to be pervasive. The alleged use of civilians as human shields in Kayin and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region have also been reported..."
Source/publisher:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva) via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-08-09
Date of entry/update:
2023-08-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
8.25 MB
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Description:
"This regular update, covering humanitarian developments up to 13 July, is produced by OCHA Myanmar in collaboration with the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group and UN agencies. Response figures are based on self-reporting by organizations to clusters. The next humanitarian update will be issued in August 2023.
HIGHLIGHTS & KEY MESSAGES
• Ongoing conflict and natural disasters are continuing to exacerbate humanitarian needs across Myanmar.
• Nearly 1.9 million internally displaced people face precarious living conditions and urgently need critical and lifesaving assistance.
• Two months have passed since Cyclone Mocha struck western Myanmar and expanded humanitarian access is desperately needed to support those affected.
• After a brief suspension, humanitarians have been able to re-start their regular programmes in Rakhine, but the humanitarian cyclone response remains paused by the SAC.
• Distribution, transport and import requests have all been resubmitted and are now pending approval.
• Countrywide, restrictions on humanitarian access have increased in multiple states and regions, notably in the Southeast and Kachin, further impeding timely and efficient aid delivery to affected and displaced communities.
• Sustained support, including financial assistance, from the international community is crucial to allowing partners to stay and deliver in challenging circumstances.
• Six months into 2023, the combined $US886.7 million Humanitarian Response Plan and Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeals, remain critically underfunded, with only 17 per cent of the required funding received, as of 14 July..."
Source/publisher:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (New York) via "Reliefweb" (New York)
Date of publication:
2023-07-15
Date of entry/update:
2023-07-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Education in Burma/Myanmar - general, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Public Health, Human Rights and international relations
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
514 KB
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