Librarian's Choice
Librarian's Choice
Source/publisher:
Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC) via United Nations (E/CN.4/2004/NGO/38)
Date of publication:
2004-02-13
Description:
" 1. On 30 May 2003, hundreds of government-organised thugs carried out a well-organised and premeditated attack on members and supporters of the National League for Democracy, killing, according to eyewitness accounts, at least 70 people. Although this was but one of many atrocities committed by the Government of Myanmar against its citizens, it should be regarded with particular seriousness given the number of persons killed at one time, the extent to which the event appears to have been planned in advance with the conivance of the highest authorities, and because it directly targetted the embodiment of popular democractic aspirations in Myanmar, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi.
2. In making this statement the Asian Legal Resource Centre concurs with the preliminary findings of the Ad Hoc Commission on the Depayin Massacre, presented on 25 June 2003. In its summary observations on the attack, the Ad Hoc Commission observed that:the attack was clearly premeditated and well-organised, as indicated by the following:
a) Up to 5000 persons were brought to a remote rural location for the purpose of attacking the convoy.
b) The attackers were all well-armed and located strategically at two killing sites.
c) Before the motorcade arrived, local authorities threatened people living in nearby villages to stay indoors.
d) The authorities systematically searched for and arrested survivors of the attack.
3. The attack is described by a number of eyewitneses, from whom the Ad Hoc Commission has collected affidavits, in the following terms:..."
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-30
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC) via United Nations (E/CN.4/2004/NGO/29)
Date of publication:
2004-02-12
Description:
"
1. The Asian Legal Resource Centre has, over a number of years, brought credible reports of food scarcity in Myanmar to the attention of the Commission (most recently at its fifty-ninth session, E/CN.4/2003/NGO/84). Hunger persists in Myanmar not due to natural disaster or causes otherwise beyond human control, but rather because of the policies and practices of the Government of Myanmar, which deny people?s right to food.
2. In the past year, the Asian Legal Resource Centre announced the launch of the Permanent People?s Tribunal on the Right to Food and the Rule of Law in Asia. In its introduction to the Tribunal, which comprises a number of eminent Asian jurists and activists, the Asian Legal Resource Centre observed that the Tribunal comes at a time when many governments still falsely assert that economic and social rights can be addressed separately from civil and political rights. In fact, political equality among human beings can be guaranteed only when the right to food is adequately met. However, apart from people in a few industrialised countries, the populations of the world are yet to know even the most rudimentary equality, evidenced daily by the billions denied access to adequate and safe food and water. Such inequality affects the organization of all societies, including those in Asia. Authoritarian rule has an explicit link to inequalities relating to food and water. It is not possible for a government to win popular consent until it has satisfied its people?s basic nutritional needs. Therefore, societies where large numbers of people are going hungry are inevitably ruled without popular consent and participation..."
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-30
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Burma Campaign UK
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
Executive Summary:
The political stalemate in Burma will not be broken until the military regime considers it to be in its own
self-interest to commence serious negotiations with the democratic and ethnic forces within the
country. This paper outlines how the international community can bring about a political and economic
situation which will foster such negotiations.
Burma is ruled by a military dictatorship renowned for both oppressing and impoverishing its people,
while enriching itself and the foreign businesses that work with it. The regime continues to ignore the
1990 electoral victory of Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy.
The regime has shown no commitment to three years of UN mediation efforts. It has failed to end the
practice of forced labour as required by its ILO treaty obligations and demanded by the International
Labour Organization. It continues to persecute Burma?s ethnic peoples. It continues to detain more
than 1,350 political prisoners including Aung San Suu Kyi.
Any proposal of a road map to political change in Burma will fail to bring about democracy in this
country unless it is formulated and executed in an atmosphere in which fundamental political freedoms
are respected, all relevant stakeholders are included and committed to negotiate, a time frame for
change is provided, space is provided for necessary mediation, and the restrictive and undemocratic
objectives and principles imposed by the military through the National Convention (ensuring continued
military control even in a ?civilian” state) are set aside.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Sanctions, Political, social and economic dimensions of investment in Burma, European Union-Burma relations (commentary/analysis)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
120.04 KB
Local URL:
EU_Sanctions_Report.pdf
EU_Sanctions_Report.pdf more
Source/publisher:
International Labour Office
Date of publication:
2004-03-25
Description:
289th Session of the Governing Body of the International Labour Office (March 2004)
Developments concerning the question of the observance by the Government of Myanmar of the Forced Labour Convention 1930 (No.29)...
Conclusions.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-27
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
9.84 KB
Local URL:
GB289-Conclusions.htm
GB289-Conclusions.htm more
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Mission
Date of publication:
2004-03-26
Description:
Statement by
His Excellency U Mya Than,
Permanent Representative and
Leader of the Myanmar Observer Delegation
to the sixtieth session
of the Commission on Human Rights
on the oral presentation by Professor Paulo Sergio Pinheiro
under agenda item 9...
Geneva, 26 March 2004
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-27
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
44.44 KB
Local URL:
myathan-stmt.htm
myathan-stmt.htm more
Source/publisher:
United Nations
Date of publication:
2004-03-26
Description:
Statement by Mr. Paulo Sergio Pinheiro,
Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar...
60th Session of the Commission on Human Rights, Item 9...
Geneva, 26 March 2004
Sr. Paulo Sergio Pinheiro
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-27
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
32.49 KB
Local URL:
SRM-oralpres.htm
SRM-oralpres.htm more
Source/publisher:
Altsean-Burma
Date of publication:
2004-02-29
Description:
A Summary of Political & Human Rights Developments in Burma September 1 2003 - February 29, 2004...
Prepared for the 60th Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights, March 2004...
CONTENTS:
2 ON THE ROAD TO DEMOCRACY?
4 Context of the Roadmap;
5 Nation-Wide Crackdown;
5 No Justice - No Accountability;
6 Rise of the Hardliners;
6 Forced Military Training;
8 Dissecting the Roadmap;
9 'Moderate' vs 'Hardline'?
10 Democratisation or Delay Tactic? 13 Broken Promises;
15 Lessons from the National Convention 1990-1996;
16 SPDC Actions Thus Far to Implement the Roadmap;
17 Bangkok Process - Dialogue with One Side;
17 USDA PIan to Destroy Democratic Movement;
19 Ethnic & Pro-Democracy
Groups Reject Roadmap;
20 NLD: Dialogue or Detente;
21 Ethnic Nationalities Seminar's
Common Position;
22 Ceasefire Groups: Conditional
Support, Misrepresentation;
23 Pushed to the Ceasefire Table
at Gunpoint;
26 Rethinking the Roadmap;
26 A Starting Point, Not a Fait Accompli;
28 OVERVIEW: HUMAN RIGHTS:
29 Arbitrary Detention;
31 Miscarriage Of Justice;
32 Update on Depayin Victims;
32 Arbitrary Detentions May 31 -Aug 31, 2003;
34 Torture;
36 Exlrajudicial Killings & Summary
Executions;
37 Freedom of Expression;
37 Religious Intolerance;
38 Update on Ethnic Nationality
Relations;
39 Forced Labor;
41 Forced Relocation & Displacemt;
42 Landmines;
44 Violence Against Women;
45 Child Soldiers;
47 Abuse of Economic Rights.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The 7-Step Roadmap, The 1990 elections and the National Convention (commentaries, chronologies etc.), ALTSEAN-Burma archive, 7-Step Roadmap - general articles and reports
Language:
English
Format :
htm pdf
Size:
341.36 KB 371.94 KB
Local URL:
roadmap-SR.htm, OnThe Road2DemocracyA4.pdf
roadmap-SR.htm, OnThe Road2DemocracyA4.pdf more
Source/publisher:
David Arnott
Date of publication:
2004-03-25
Description:
"...The ?roadmap” envisages a resumed National Convention based on the 104 Principles and the Detailed Basic Principles (which incorporate the six ?objectives”, including the ?Participation of the Tatmadaw in the leading role of national politics of the State in (the) future”) and the task is presumably to draft the remaining chapters of the Detailed Basic Principles. There is no mention in the ?roadmap” of any role for the elected representatives. According to the ?roadmap”, after the constitution is completed, it will be put to a referendum and new elections held. There is no reference whatsoever to the 1990 elections...
The ?roadmap” therefore conflicts with the UN General Assembly and Commission on Human Rights resolutions adopted by consensus for more than a decade which affirm, in various formulations, that "the will of the people is the basis of the authority of government and that the will of the people of Myanmar was clearly expressed in the elections held in 1990" (UNGA, December 2003). It is difficult to understand how international actors can justify support for a process so clearly in conflict with these resolutions which embody the international consensus."
David Arnott
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The 1990 elections and the National Convention (commentaries, chronologies etc.), The 7-Step Roadmap, 7-Step Roadmap - general articles and reports
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
10.76 KB
Local URL:
bullet-roadmap.htm
bullet-roadmap.htm more
Source/publisher:
Derek Tonkin
Date of publication:
2004-03-23
Description:
?Whoever is elected will first have to draw up a constitution that will have to be adopted before the transfer of power. They haven?t said how the constitution will be adopted. It could be through a referendum, but that could be months and months, if not years.” ...
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, interview with Dominic Faulder in Asiaweek? 1 July 1989 ( reproduced in Aung San Suu Kyi: "Freedom from Fear", p225) ...
A thoughtful study by a former British Ambassador to Vietnam..." Synopsis
· The National League for Democracy (NLD) won a resounding victory in the May 1990 general elections, but was unable to persuade
the ruling military junta to agree to a transfer of power.
· The junta (the State Law and Order Restoration Council or SLORC) had initially promised when they took control in September 1988 that whichever party won the elections could form the new government.
· But within months they backtracked as democracy activists, led by the NLD, pursued a vigorous campaign for basic civil rights, including freedom of expression, publication and assembly.
· Even before NLD leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was confined to house arrest in July 1989, the junta had redefined their position, which was that they would continue to govern until a new constitution, approved by the people, had been promulgated and a new government based on that constitution appointed.
· When the NLD won the elections with over 80% of the seats in the People?s Assembly, they argued that they now had a strong mandate for assuming power without delay. But the regime reaffirmed in a formal Declaration its pre-election stance that the main purpose of the new Assembly must be to draft a new Constitution.
· Deprived of strategic guidance from Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the NLD nonetheless decided to confront the junta which had already shown that it would ruthlessly suppress dissent.
· Internationally, the junta could not compete for the world?s affections with the iconic, charismatic personality of the daughter of the leader of Burma?s independence. Accordingly no-one listened to what the junta had to say.
· In short, from mid 1989 onwards, the SLORC made it abundantly clear that they would retain power until a new constitution had been adopted and a government set up according to that constitution. Even so, there were hopes that the SLORC might relent in the face of the overwhelming expression of the will of the people. They have not yet done so..."
Derek Tonkin
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
html doc
Size:
131.24 KB 142.5 KB
Local URL:
DT-Elections.html, 
DT-1990_Elections.doc
DT-Elections.html, DT-1990_Elections.doc more
Source/publisher:
International Labour Office (Committee on Freedom of Association)
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
Complaint against the Government of Myanmar presented by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)...
Allegations: (1) Allegations relating to legislative issus: unclear legislative framework covering freedom of association; serious discrepancies between legislation and Convention No. 87; repressive texts, in
particular military orders and decrees ,detrimental to freedom of association and which contribute to a climate of denial of fundamental freedoms and to annihilate and destroy any form of labour organization; (2) Allegations relating to factual issues: total lack of legally registered workers? organizations; systematic practice of repression by public authorities of any form of labour organization; the Federation of Trade Unions of Burma (FTUB) cannot function freely and independently on the Myanmar territory and its General Secretary has to face criminal prosecution because of his legitimate trade union activities; murder, detention and torture of trade unionists; continuing repression of seafarers for the exercise of their trade union rights; arrest and dismissal of workers in connection with collective labour protests and claims, in particular at the Unique Garment Factory, the Myanmar Texcamp Industrial Ltd. and theMyanmar Yes Garment Factory; intervention of the army in labour disputes..."
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
214.69 KB
Local URL:
Freedom-of-Assoc-GB289.htm
Freedom-of-Assoc-GB289.htm more
Source/publisher:
United Nations (E/CN.4/2004/30)
Date of publication:
2004-03-03
Description:
ADVANCE EDITED
VERSION
Distr.
GENERAL
E/CN.4/2004/30
3 March 2004
Original: ENGLISH
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Sixtieth session
Item 9 of the provisional agenda
QUESTION OF THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL
FREEDOMS IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD
Situation of human rights in Myanmar
Report of the Secretary-General
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-23
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Bureau International du Travail (GB.289/8/2)
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
Conseil d?administration Genève, mars 2004...
Faits nouveaux concernant la question
de l?exécution par le gouvernement du Myanmar
de la convention (nº 29) sur le travail forcé, 1930...
Derniers développements:
I. Allégations concernant des personnes
condamnées à la peine capitale pour haute
trahison
1. Le 11 mars 2004, le Bureau a reçu un document présenté comme étant la traduction d?un
jugement prononcé par une cour de justice du Myanmar à l?encontre de neuf personnes
inculpées de haute trahison et condamnées à la peine capitale en novembre dernier, faisant
état d?éléments de preuve à charge selon lesquels certaines d?entre elles auraient eu des
contacts avec l?OIT et reçu ou communiqué des informations ayant trait aux activités de
l?Organisation ...
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Francais, French
more
Source/publisher:
International Labour Office (GB.289/8/2)
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
289th Session...
Governing Body Geneva, March 2004...
Developments concerning the question
of the observance by the Government
of Myanmar of the Forced Labour
Convention, 1930 (No. 29)...
Latest developments: Allegation relating to persons sentenced to death for high treason.
"1. On 11 March 2004, the Office received documentation in the form of an alleged translation
of a Myanmar court judgment against nine persons found guilty of high treason and
sentenced to death last November, which referred to alleged evidence of contacts,
communications or information on ILO matters entertained by some of the convicted
persons. 1 On 12 March the Office wrote to the Myanmar Minister for Labour concerning
this matter (see Appendix 1).
2. Following subsequent contacts between the Office and the Myanmar authorities in Geneva
and Yangon, the Liaison Officer a.i. had a meeting on 17 March with the Minister for
Labour..."
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Scan from print.
Date of publication:
1995-00-00
Description:
The Sayadaw, one of the most respected in the Buddhist world, died on 29 November 2003.
This photo was taken, I believe, in 1995, soon after Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was released from her first period of house arrest.
If anyone knows the exact date, please let me know. DA.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-21
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Photographs of Aung San Suu Kyi
Format :
jpg
Size:
281.09 KB
more
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Foundation of Monland (HURFOM)
Description:
"The HURFOM was founded by pro-democracy students from the 1988 uprising and more recent activists and Mon community leaders and youths, and it main aim is for the restoration of democracy, human rights and genuine peace in Burma. HURFOM is a non-profit organization and all its members are volunteers who have the same opinion for the same aim. By accepting the main aim, we would like to participate in struggle for the establishment of a democratic Burma doing our part as a local ethnic human rights group, which is monitoring the human rights situation in Mon territory and other areas southern part of Burma. We provide information and reports to all campaign organizations to get helps from the international community for democratic reform in Burma. For this project, HURFOM has produced a monthly human rights report, with the name of ?The Mon Forum” for 9 years."
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-20
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Mon (cultural, political), News - Burma/Myanmar news sources in English (current sites), HURFOM and other human rights material about the Mon
Language:
English, Mon, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
more
Source/publisher:
International Labour Office (GB.289/8/1)
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
I. Framework of the visit...
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-15
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Ad Hoc Commission on the Depayin Massacre (Burma) via Asian Legal Resource Centre
Date of publication:
2004-01-08
Description:
Special edition of "Article 2" Vol. 02 - No. 06 December 2003 published by the Asian Legal Resource Centre...
"On 25 June 2003 the Burma Lawyers? Council and the National Council of the Union of Burma set up the Ad Hoc Commission on the Depayin Massacre (Burma)..."
Contents:
Explanatory statement of the Ad Hoc Commission on the
Depayin Massacre -
Ad Hoc Commission on the Depayin Massacre (Burma);
Affidavits of eyewitnesses to the Depayin Massacre;
The Depayin Massacre: A crime against humanity and its
effect on national reconciliation -
U Aung Htoo, General Secretary, Burma Lawyers? Council;
An opinion on the Depayin Massacre as a crime against
humanity -
Professor Michael Davis, Faculty of Law, Chinese University
of Hong Kong & C Raj Kumar, Lecturer, Faculty of Law,
City University of Hong Kong;
The prospects of a truth commission for Burma, from
lessons learned in Chile and Argentina -
Flynn Coleman, Intern, Asian Human Rights Commission;
Attack on democracy party in Burma demands an
uncompromising international response -
Asian Human Rights Commission.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-12
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.
Date of publication:
2004-00-00
Description:
Index of towns etc. (located by latitude and longitude) with maps containing topographical, climatic, political and other information; Integrates sections from Google Eerth...
Ayeyarwady Division; Bago Division; Chin Stat;e Kachin State; Kayah State; Kayin State; Magway Division; Mandalay Division; Mon State; Rakhine State; Sagaing Division; Shan State; Tanintharyi Division; Yangon Division...directory of airports in Burma.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-11
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Maps and satellite imagery
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Watch
Date of publication:
1995-07-00
Description:
I SUMMARY �
Summary of Recommendations�
II THE PATTERN OF ABUSE:
Political Prisoners;
The Political Process;
The National Convention;
Forced Labor;
Discrimination Against Minorities�
III HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES DURING COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS:
The Renewed Offensive in the Karen State;
The Offensive Against Khun Sa;
IV THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE:
The United Nations;
China;
India;
The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN);
Japan;
The United States�
V RECOMMENDATIONS:
To the State Law and Order Restoration Council;
To the International Community;
APPENDIX I �
APPENDIX II.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-09
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
html
Size:
466.72 KB
Local URL:
entrenchment.html
entrenchment.html more
Source/publisher:
Bureau International du Travail (GB289/8)
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
Faits nouveaux concernant la question
de l?exécution par le gouvernement
du Myanmar de la convention (no 29)
sur le travail forcé, 1930
I. Examen des mesures nécessaires pour donner
effet aux conclusions adoptées par le Conseil
d?administration à sa session de novembre 2003...
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-03
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Francais, French
more
Source/publisher:
United Nations (E/CN.4/2004/33)
Date of publication:
2004-03-02
Description:
Commission on Human Rights...
Sixtieth session...
Item 9 of the provisional agenda...
Situation of human rights in Myanmar:
Report submitted by the Special Rapporteur, Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro.
Paulo Sergio Pinheiro
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
International Labour Office (GB.289/8)
Date of publication:
2004-03-00
Description:
Developments concerning the question
of the observance by the Government
of Myanmar of the Forced Labour
Convention, 1930 (No. 29)...
I. Discussions on the steps needed to give
effect to the conclusions of the November
2003 session of the Governing Body.
Date of entry/update:
2004-03-01
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
"NBR Analysis" Vol.15, No. 1, March 2004 (The National Bureau of Asia Research)
Date of publication:
2004-03-03
Description:
Free access not available anymore! The document needs to be purchased.
Foreword:
"An intellectual ?tectonic shift? is underway, making a precarious policy even harder to
justify. This rather unusual issue of the NBR Analysis does not stem from an NBR-sponsored
project or study. Instead, it emerged as an initiative from an extraordinary assemblage of
Burma scholars, all of whom regard last year?s announcement of a ?road map? for constitutional
change, the ongoing progress toward cease-fires with ethnic insurgents, and the worsening
impact of sanctions on the general populace, as an opportunity to re-examine U.S. relations
with Burma. Recognizing that the current situation may be conducive to taking a fresh
perspective, and noting the significance of so many top Burma specialists reaching similar
conclusions and working together, we decided to publish their essays.
The scholars in this volume represent a range of perspectives. What is especially notable
is that they collaborated in this enterprise and concur that the U.S. policy of sanctions is not
achieving its worthy objective—progress toward constitutional change and democratization in
Burma. Moreover, as some of these authors argue, viewing U.S.-Burma relations solely through
this lens, important as it is, may be harming other U.S. strategic interests in Southeast Asia,
both in terms of the ongoing war against terrorism and long-term objectives regarding the
United States? role as a regional security guarantor. The desperate humanitarian situation in the
country, as detailed in many of these essays, and concerns about possible WMD-related
activities only underscore the importance of looking at this issue again. U.S. policymakers in
particular ought to consider whether it is now appropriate to take a more realistic, engaged
approach, while easing restrictions on humanitarian assistance, programs to build civil society,
and the forces of globalization that are needed for the Burmese peoples? socio-economic
progress and solid transition to civilian government and democracy..."
Richard J. Ellings,
President,
The National Bureau of Asian Research...
"Strategic Interests in Myanmar" - John H. Badgley;
"Myanmar?s Political Future: Is Waiting for the Perfect
the Enemy of Doing the Possible?" - Robert H. Taylor;
"Burma/Myanmar: A Guide for the Perplexed?" - David I. Steinberg;
"King Solomon?s Judgment" - Helen James;
"The Role of Minorities in the Transitional Process" - Seng Raw; "Will Western Sanctions Bring Down the House?" -
Kyaw Yin Hlaing; "The Crisis in Burma/Myanmar:
Foreign Aid as a Tool for Democratization" - Morten B. Pedersen;
John H. Badgley (Ed.); Robert H. Taylor, David I. Steinberg, Helen James, Seng Raw, Kyaw Yin Hlaing, Morten B. Pedersen
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-29
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Political, social and economic dimensions of investment in Burma, USA-Burma relations, The 7-Step Roadmap, General/Strategic, The discussion on humanitarian assistance to Burma, Sanctions
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
US Dept. of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Date of publication:
2004-02-25
Description:
Events of 2003. "Burma is ruled by a highly authoritarian military regime. In 1962, General Ne Win overthrew the elected civilian government and replaced it with a repressive military government dominated by the majority Burman ethnic group. In 1988, the armed forces brutally suppressed pro-democracy demonstrations, and a group composed of 19 military officers, called the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) took control, abrogated the 1974 Constitution, and has ruled by decree since then. In 1990, pro-democracy parties won over 80 percent of the seats during generally free and fair parliamentary elections, but the Government refused to recognize the results. In 1992, then-General Than Shwe took over the SLORC and in 1997 changed its name to the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). The 13-member SPDC is the country's de facto government, with subordinate Peace and Development Councils ruling by decree at the division, state, city, township, ward, and village levels. Several long-running internal ethnic conflicts continued to smolder. The judiciary was not independent and was subject to military control.
The Government reinforced its firm military rule with a pervasive security apparatus. The Office of Chief Military Intelligence (OCMI) exercised control through surveillance of the military, government employees, and private citizens, and through harassment of political activists, intimidation, arrest, detention, physical abuse, and restrictions on citizens' contacts with foreigners. The Government justified its security measures as necessary to maintain order and national unity. Members of the security forces committed numerous, serious human rights abuses.
Though resource-rich, the country is extremely poor; the estimated annual per capita income was approximately $300. Most of the population of more than 50 million was located in rural areas and lived at subsistence levels. Four decades of military rule, economic mismanagement, and endemic corruption have resulted in widespread poverty, poor health care, declining education levels, poor infrastructure, and continuously deteriorating economic conditions. During the year, the collapse of the private banking sector and the economic consequences of additional international sanctions further weakened the economy.
The Government's extremely poor human rights record worsened, and it continued to commit numerous serious abuses. Citizens still did not have the right to change their government. Security forces continued to commit extrajudicial killings and rape, forcibly relocate persons, use forced labor, conscript child soldiers, and reestablished forced conscription of the civilian population into militia units. During the year, government-affiliated agents killed as many as 70 pro-democracy activists. Disappearances continued, and members of the security forces tortured, beat, and otherwise abused prisoners and detainees. Citizens were subjected to arbitrary arrest without appeal. Arrests and detention for expression of dissenting political views occurred on numerous occasions. During the year, the Government arrested over 270 democracy supporters, primarily members of the country's largest pro-democracy party, the National League for Democracy (NLD). The Government detained many of them in secret locations without notifying their family or providing access to due legal process or counsel. During the year, the Government stated it released approximately 120 political prisoners, but the majority of them had already finished their sentences, and many were common criminals and not political prisoners. By year's end, an estimated 1,300 political prisoners remained in prison. Prison conditions remained harsh and life threatening, although in some prisons conditions improved after the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was allowed access. The Government did not take steps to prosecute or punish human rights abusers. On May 30, government-affiliated forces attacked an NLD convoy led by party leader Aung San Suu Kyi, leaving several hundred NLD members and pro-democracy supporters missing, under arrest, wounded, raped, or dead. Following the attack, Government authorities detained Aung San Suu Kyi, other NLD party officials, and eyewitnesses to the attack. As of year's end, the Government has not investigated or admitted any role in the attack. The Government subsequently banned all NLD political activities, closed down approximately 100 recently reopened NLD offices, detained the entire 9-member NLD Central Executive Committee, and closely monitored the activities of other political parties throughout the country.
The Government continued to restrict severely freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and movement. During the year, persons suspected of or charged with pro-democratic political activity were killed or subjected to severe harassment, physical attack, arbitrary arrest, detention without trial, incommunicado detention, house arrest, and the closing of political and economic offices.
The Government restricted freedom of religion, coercively promoted Buddhism over other religions, and imposed restrictions on religious minorities. The Government's control over the country's Muslim minority continued, and acts of discrimination and harassment against Muslims continued. The Government regularly infringed on citizens' privacy; security forces continued to monitor systematically citizens' movements and communications, search homes without warrants, and relocate persons forcibly without just compensation or legal recourse. The SPDC also continued to forcibly relocate large ethnic minority civilian populations in order to deprive armed ethnic groups of civilian bases of support. The Government continued to restrict freedom of movement and, in particular, foreign travel by female citizens under 25 years of age.
The Government did not permit domestic human rights organizations to function independently and remained hostile to outside scrutiny of its human rights record. However, it allowed the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Human Rights (UNSRHR) in Burma to conduct two limited missions to the country, but the Government did not allow the UNSRHR to visit all sites requested or stay for as long as he requested. It also allowed the International Labor Organization (ILO) to operate a liaison office in Rangoon; however, after the May 30 attack on Aung San Suu Kyi the ILO deferred finalizing a draft agreement with the Government on forced labor. Violence and societal discrimination against women remained problems, as did discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities. The Government continued to restrict worker rights, ban unions, and use forced labor for public works and for the support of military garrisons. Forced child labor remained a serious problem, despite recent ordinances outlawing the practice. The forced use of citizens as porters by SPDC troops--with the attendant mistreatment, illness, and sometimes death--remained a common practice, as did Government forced recruitment of child soldiers. Trafficking in persons, particularly in women and girls primarily for the purposes of prostitution, remained widespread, despite some efforts to address the problem.
Ethnic armed groups including the Karen National Union (KNU), the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), and the Shan State Army-South (SSA-South) also may have committed human rights abuses, including killings, rapes, forced labor, and conscription of child soldiers, although on a lesser scale than the Government..."
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-26
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Watch
Date of publication:
2004-02-25
Description:
"The report, Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Thai Policy toward Burmese Refugees, documents Thailand?s repression of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrant workers from Burma. "The Thai government is arresting and intimidating Burmese political activists living in Bangkok and along the Thai-Burmese border, harassing Burmese human rights and humanitarian groups, and deporting Burmese refugees, asylum seekers and others with a genuine fear of persecution in Burma..."
1. Introduction...
2. New Thai Policies toward Burmese Refugees and Migrants:
Broadening of Resettlement Opportunities;
Suspension of New Refugee Admissions;
The ?Urban” Refugees;
Crackdown on Burmese Migrants;
Forging Friendship with Rangoon;
History of Burmese Refugees in Thailand...
3. Expulsion to Burma:
Informal Deportees Dropped at the Border;
The Holding Center at Myawaddy;
Into the Hands of the SPDC;
Profile: One of the Unlucky Ones—Former Child Soldier Deported to Burma;
Increasing Pressure on Migrants...
4. Protection Issues for Urban Refugees:-
Impacts of the Move to the Camps;
Profile: Karen Former Combatant;
Suspension of Refugee Status Determination;
Security Issues for Refugees in Bangkok...
5. Attempts to Silence Activist Refugees...
6. New Visa Rules: Screening Out the ?Troublemakers”...
7. Conclusion...
8. Recommendations:
To the Royal Thai Government;
To the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR);
To Donor Governments;
To the Burmese Authorities...
9. Appendix A: Timeline of Arrests and Intimidation of Burmese Activists in 2003 (3 page pdf file)...
10. Appendix B: Timeline of Harrassments of NGOs in 2003 (2 page pdf file)...
11. Appendix C: Timeline of Arrests and Harrassment of Burmese Migrant Workers in 2003 (2 page pdf file)...
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-23
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Karen and other refugees from Burma in Thailand - general reports and articles, Refoulement, push-backs and rejection at borders, Policies towards Burmese migrants and refugees
Language:
English
more
Title: BUDDHISM AND DEEP ECOLOGY FOR PROTECTION OF WILD ASIAN ELEPHANTS IN MYANMAR: A RESOURCE GUIDE
Source/publisher:
Daniel H. Henning
Date of publication:
2002-00-00
Description:
Keywords: Burmese elephants, Burma.
I. THE ASIAN ELEPHANT:
A. Cultural;
B. Ecological and Conservation Issues;
C. Conservation Measures...
II. BUDDHISM AND DEEP ECOLOGY:
A. Need for Spiritual Approach;
B. Buddhism;
C. Deep Ecology;
D. Wildlife (poaching);
E. Forest Protection (D and E are considered the two major elephant threats)...
III. DHAMMA/ECOLOGY GLOSSARY...
IV. APPENDIX: DHAMMA/DEEP ECOLOGY EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES...
"
Dr. Henning?s resource guide, which combines Buddhist principles and Asian elephant
conservation in Myanmar, is an innovative approach to Asian elephant conservation. I
have never seen someone with a biological background such as Dr. Henning?s attempt
this approach in such a clear, concise manner. I found the resource guide to be an
excellent potential teaching tool not only for Myanmar but also for any Buddhist country
in which elephant conservation is an issue.
I could easily envision this guide as the first in a series of written materials that deals
with such conservation issues, perhaps beyond elephants. I would think that any
individuals or agencies interested in conserving Asian elephants would be interested in
this guide and would want to help make it available to a wider audience."...
"The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), an endangered species listed in Appendix I of CITIES, is
thought to number between 34,000 to 56,000 in thirteen Asian countries. According to U Uga,
there are less than 4,000 elephants in the wild in Myanmar, which has the largest population in
the ASEAN countries (India has a larger population for the continent). The total Asian elephant
population is less than 10 percent of its more glamorous cousin-the African elephant.
The Myanmar elephant is internationally endangered and is regarded as a worldwide flagship
species. Throughout their range states, the wild elephant is severely threatened by habitat
destruction, poaching, and fragmentation into small isolated groups. Many population biologists
believe that nowhere in Asia is there a single wild population large enough to avoid inbreeding
over the long term.
..."
Daniel H. Henning PhD
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-23
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Buddhism and society, Buddhist Ethics, Burmese Buddhism and Society, Threats to the fauna of Burma
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
832.21 KB
Local URL:
elephants.pdf
elephants.pdf more
Source/publisher:
BSPP, SLORC via OBL
Date of publication:
2004-02-22
Description:
Work in progress.
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
373.05 KB
Local URL:
Statements.htm
Statements.htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC
Date of publication:
1991-10-04
Description:
Contains promises to transfer power.
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-21
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
22.63 KB
Local URL:
Ohn-Gyaw-GA91.htm
Ohn-Gyaw-GA91.htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC (National Convention) via "The New Light of Myanmar" and an SPDC-circulated pamphlet
Date of publication:
1994-04-10
Description:
Two English versions of these chapters exist -- the main URL carries the text as it appeared in "The New Light of Myanmar", and transcribed by "The Burma Press Summary". These may be read in the 44 documents in "The National Convention (preparations and Proceedings)" at http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=1314&lo=d&sl=0 which also contain the records of much of the debate leading up to the announcement of the "Principles". See also the full archive of "The Burma Press Summary" at http://public.ibiblio.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=burmaps&ct=0while ...The text in the Alternate URL is the version currently being circulated in Rangoon. There are some differences. The chapter headings of both texts are taken from from the amended version.
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-13
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (texts of Principles), The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm htm
Size:
39.31 KB 55.73 KB
Local URL:
DBP-THE_STATE-ETC.htm, DBP-state(2).htm
DBP-THE_STATE-ETC.htm, DBP-state(2).htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC (National Convention) via "The New Light of Myanmar"
Date of publication:
1995-04-11
Description:
Full texts extracted from "The Burma Press Summary". These may be read in the 44 documents in "The National Convention (preparations and Proceedings)" at http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=1314&lo=d&sl=0 which also contain the records of much of the debate leading up to the announcement of the "Principles". See also the full archive of "The Burma Press Summary" at http://public.ibiblio.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=burmaps&ct=0
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-13
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
9.58 KB
Local URL:
DBP-SELF-ADMILNSTERED_AREAS.htm
DBP-SELF-ADMILNSTERED_AREAS.htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC (National Convention) via "The New Light of Myanmar"
Date of publication:
1996-03-29
Description:
Full texts extracted from "The Burma Press Summary". These may be read in the 44 documents in "The National Convention (preparations and Proceedings)" at http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=1314&lo=d&sl=0 which also contain the records of much of the debate leading up to the announcement of the "Principles". See also the full archive of "The Burma Press Summary" at http://public.ibiblio.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=burmaps&ct=0
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-13
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (texts of Principles), The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
45.61 KB
Local URL:
DBP-LEGISLATURE.htm
DBP-LEGISLATURE.htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC (National Convention) via "The New Light of Myanmar"
Date of publication:
1996-04-01
Description:
Full texts extracted from "The Burma Press Summary". These may be read in the 44 documents in "The National Convention (preparations and Proceedings)" at http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=1314&lo=d&sl=0
which also contain the records of much of the debate leading up to the announcement of the "Principles". See also the full archive of "The Burma Press Summary" at http://public.ibiblio.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=burmaps&ct=0
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-13
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (texts of Principles), The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
33.29 KB
Local URL:
DBP-JUDICIARY.htm
DBP-JUDICIARY.htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC (National Convention) via "The New Light of Myanmar"
Date of publication:
1996-03-31
Description:
Full texts extracted from "The Burma Press Summary". These may be read in the 44 documents in "The National Convention (preparations and Proceedings)" at http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=1314&lo=d&sl=0 which also contain the records of much of the debate leading up to the announcement of the "Principles". See also the full archive of "The Burma Press Summary" at http://public.ibiblio.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=burmaps&ct=0
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-13
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (texts of Principles), The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
70.23 KB
Local URL:
DBP-EXECUTIVE.htm
DBP-EXECUTIVE.htm more
Source/publisher:
United Nations via AAPPB
Date of publication:
2003-11-18
Description:
Adopted by consensus.
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-09
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese
more
Source/publisher:
Indiana University School of Law Graduate Legal Studies Department
Date of publication:
2002-09-00
Description:
With a Pilot Study on the Right to Health in Constitution.
A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master's in Law (LL.M)
Table of Contents:
Chapter I: Introduction...
Chapter II: Malaria As Public Health Problem Globally and in Burma:
2.2 Malaria as a Global Public Health Problem;
2.2.1Basic Description of Malaria as a Disease;
2.3 The Global Disease Burden of Malaria;
2.3.1 Epidemiological Data;
2.3.2 Economic Cost of Malaria;
2.3.3 The Causal Factors Behind Malaria's Global Disease Burden;
2.3.3.1Health System Failure;
2.3.3.2 Drug Resistance;
2.3.3.3 Population Movement;
2.3.3.4 Deteriorating; 2.3.3.5 Poverty;
2.3.3.6 Environmental Degradation
2.4 Malaria as a Public Health Problem in Burma 2.4.1 The Burden of Malaria in Burma;
2.4.2 Causal Factors Behind Burma's Growing Malaria Problem;
2.4.2.1 Political Instability and Oppression;
2.4.2.2 Failure of the Burmese Public Health and Healthcare System;
2.4.2.3 Environmental Degradation Along Burma Frontier...
Chapter III: Law, Public Health and Malaria in Burma:
3.2 Law and Public Health;
3.2.1 Public Health as a Government Responsibility;
3.2.2 Law as Critical to the Public Health Endeavor;
3.3 Gostin's Definition and Theory of Public Health;
3.3.1 Gostin's Definition of Public Health Law
3.3.2 Gostin's Theory of Public Health Law;
3.3.2.1 The Government;
3.2.2 Populations;
3.3.2.3 Relationships;
3.3.2.4 Services;
3.3.2.5 Coercion;
3.4 Law, Public Health, and Malaria Control in Burma;
3.4.1Burma and the Rule of Law;
3.4.2 Burmese Definition of Public Health Law;
3.4.2.1 Government;
3.4.2.2 Populations;
3.4.2.3 Relationships;
3.4.2.4 Services;
3.4.2.5 Coercion;
3.5 Lessons Learned from Applying Gostin's Theory of Public Health Law to
Malaria Control in Burma...
Chapter IV: Current Malaria Governance Initiatives: From the Global to the Local:
4.1 Introduction;
4.2 Initiatives on Global Health Governance for Malaria;
4.2.1 What is �Global Health Governance'?
4.2.2 Global Malaria Initiatives;
4.2.2.1 WHO's Roll Back Malaria;
4.2.2.2 Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) on Malaria Drug and Vaccine Developmen;t
4.2.2.3 The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria;
4.3 Global Malaria Initiatives and National Malaria Governance in Burma;
4.3.1 Burma and the Roll Back Malaria Campaign;
4.3.2 Burma and the Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) on Malaria Drug and Vaccine Development;
4.3.3 Burma and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria;
4.4 Conclusion...
Chapter V: The Need for The Right to Health: Burma New Constitution:
5.1 Introduction;
5.2 The Right to Health in International Law;
5.3 The Right to Health in Constitutional Law;
5.3.1 Why the Right to Health in Constitutional Law?
5.3.2 The Right to Health in the South African Constitution;
5.3.2.1 Soobramoney v. Minister of Health, KwaZulu-Natal;
5.3.2.2 Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), et al (Applicants) v. Minister of Health, et al (Respondents);
5.4 Building the Right to Health into the New Burmese Constitution;
5.4.1 Why Analyze the Draft Constitution?;
5.4.2 Analysis of the Lack of Specific Public Health Provisions in the Draft Constitution;
5.4.3 A Potential Right to Health Provision for the New Burmese Constitution;
5.5 Conclusion;
Chapter VI: Conclusion...BIBLIOGRAPHY...
APPENDICIES:
A. Soobramoney v Minister of Health (Kwazulu-Natal) in Constitutional Court of South Africa, CCT32/97 (27 November 1997) http://www.concourt.gov.za/date1997.html;
B. Minister of Health v Treatment Action Campaign in Constitutional Court of South Africa, CCT8/02 (5 July 2002) http://www.concourt.gov.za/date2002.html;
C. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa: Chapter II, Bill of Rights;
D. The Draft Constitution of the (Future) Federal Union of Burma Drafted by National Council of the Union of Burma: Chapter II, Basis Rights;
E. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)...
CV.
Amaya
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Institute for Stategic and International Affairs Seminar on Understanding Myanmar
Date of publication:
2004-01-28
Description:
This speech is a presentation of the SPDC's "roadmap" and contains in the annex the "104 Principles" on which the roadmap is based. These "principles" were developed by committee in the course of the National Convention and published in "The New Light of Myanmar" (NLM) on 17 September 1993. There are some differences between U Khin Maung Win's version of the Principles and that published in NLM. The Alternate URL contains the NLM version.
H-E. U Khin Maung Win (Myanmar Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs)
Date of entry/update:
2004-01-31
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm htm
Size:
156.38 KB 28.5 KB
Local URL:
KMWroadmap104.htm, 104principles-NLM.htm
KMWroadmap104.htm, 104principles-NLM.htm more
Source/publisher:
SLORC (National Convention) via "The New Light of Myanmar"
Date of publication:
1993-09-17
Description:
The main link is to the Principles as published in "The New Light of Myanmar". The Alternate URL is to a January 2004 speech on the SPDC's "roadmap" by the Burmese Deputy Foreign Minister, with the Principles annexed. There are one or two differences between the two texts. N.B. These are the basic principles. The detailed principles, elaborated from 1994-1996 are in other documents in this section.
Date of entry/update:
2004-01-31
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
The National Convention (texts of Principles), The National Convention (preparations, procedures, proceedings, legislation, statements etc.)
Language:
English
Format :
htm htm
Size:
29.23 KB 156.38 KB
Local URL:
104principles-NLMb.htm, KMWroadmap104.htm
104principles-NLMb.htm, KMWroadmap104.htm more
Source/publisher:
Global Witness via Info Birmanie
Date of publication:
2004-01-26
Description:
La lettre d'information hebdomadaire d'Info Birmanie...
L?EXPLOITATION DU TEK EN BIRMANIE: UN CONFLIT D?INTERÊTS
UN RAPPORT DE GLOBAL WITNESS...
traduit et adapté par Fanny Guiller pour Info Birmanie
"Le texte qui suit est l'adaptation en français d'un rapport de l'ONG anglaise Global Witness daté d'octobre 2003. Ce rapport a été traduit et adapté à la demande de Global Witness, dans le but de toucher un public francophone. Le rapport original est consultable sur le site
http://www.globalwitness.org
sous le titre: "A Conflict Of Interest: The uncertain future of Burma's forests".
Fanny Guiller (traduction)
Date of entry/update:
2004-01-26
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Francais, French
Format :
html doc
Size:
89.13 KB 143 KB
Local URL:
NH51B.html, Tek.doc
NH51B.html, Tek.doc more
Source/publisher:
SPDC (News and Periodicals Enterprise, Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar)
Description:
Slogans and exhortations carried regularly by NLM.
Date of entry/update:
2004-01-04
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
18.95 KB
Local URL:
NLMSlogans.htm
NLMSlogans.htm more
Source/publisher:
Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP)
Date of publication:
2003-09-04
Description:
Strategic Programme Framework UN Drug control activities in Myanmar... "The proliferation of drugs over the past 30 years is an example of the previously unimaginable becoming reality very quickly."...
Table of contents:...
List of acronyms 2
Drug control overview and situation update;;The role of the UN and drug control;
Past and present activities:
I. Internal fighting hinders effective drug control (1976 to 1988);
II. National unification dominates drug control (1988 to 1996);
III. Drug control successes (1996 to 2001);
IV. Funding shortfall (2001 to 2003)...
Discussion:
I. Drug control fits within the wider UN agenda for Myanmar;
II. Financial constraints hold back the ongoing interventions;
III. Strategic alliances;
IV. Innovation through involvement of the civil society...
Proposed strategy:
Resource requirements;
Annexes:
A Map of Myanmar;
B Map of ongoing UN drug control interventions in Myanmar;
C Map of Shan State ? Special regions;
D Map of Shan State ? Opium cultivation;
E Map of alternative development pilot project in Special Region 2 of the
Shan State;
F Letter of the UN Country Team in Myanmar;
G ODCCP 2001 Country Profile;
H UNDCP programme in Myanmar - Matrix 1976 to 2005;
Opium poppy flower (Southern Wa);
Picture: UNDCP Yangon.
Date of entry/update:
2003-12-19
Type:
Individual Documents
more