Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Websites/Multiple Documents
Description:
Home
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Source/publisher:
http://www.dmh.gov.mm/
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-26
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English, Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ
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Description:
"The Myanmar Water Portal is an independent non-government platform, providing you a one-stop gateway to all Myanmar water sector news, business, events, contacts and projects..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal
Date of publication:
2019-05-19
Date of entry/update:
2019-05-19
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
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Description:
"In the dry and arid central region of Myanmar, water for drinking and farming is scarce. Village communities eke out a living growing peanuts and sesame, walking or using bullock carts over long distances to get water for their homes and farms. Some communities have tried to dig ponds or install bore wells; others pay for water to those who own carts, to maintain their livelihoods and families. Climate risks are worsening the situation as dry seasons get longer and more intense; most young people are migrating to the cities..."
Rajesh Daniel, Plengvut Plengplang, Than Yailamyong, Pin Pravalprukskul, Agus Nugroho
Source/publisher:
"Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)"
Date of publication:
2018-04-19
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-13
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
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Description:
Situation Reports, Assessments, Technical Guidance, Reference Documents, Calendar, Meeting Minutes, Maps
Source/publisher:
Water and Sanitation Cluster, HIC
Date of entry/update:
2008-06-04
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
FAO (Aquastat)
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
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Individual Documents
Sub-title:
The ninth instalment in our travel series about wild swimming spots takes us to Myanmar’s northernmost state, a land of ethnic diversity, impenetrable jungle and… tubing.
Description:
"Kachin State is famous for Myitsone and manau festivals, but also contains vast expanses of impenetrable jungle wilderness, a large variety of ethnic groups and even the country’s very own section of the Himalayas. So, I hear you ask? Okay – it also possesses a range of fairly special water-centric excursions, so next time you make it that far north do yourself a favour and add at least a couple of them to your itinerary.
INDAWGYI LAKE
You don’t have to be a devout wild swimmer to enjoy Myanmar’s largest natural lake – it’s an essential Myanmar travel destination in its own right. You can rent kayaks and bamboo bicycles, visit hot springs, and sign up for a range of different boating tours. While all of that comes heartily recommended, nothing beats heading for the middle of the lake at sunset, and diving headfirst into those deep, deep waters.
MYITKYINA
Myitsone
About 90 minutes north of Mandalay, two rivers that wind down from the Himalayas – the Mali Kha and the N’Mai Kha – converge to form one giant super river, the Ayeyarwady. The current is pretty brutal away from the shallows so I can’t really recommend swimming here. What you can do though is rent a boat (K20,000) for a 15-minute spin around the river(s). That, and renting out a traditional Kachin outfit, and posing like a total dork in front of the confluence..."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2020-02-23
Date of entry/update:
2020-02-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Kachin State, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Society and Culture, Burma/Myanmar - general studies
Language:
more
Sub-title:
Conflict and dams on the Nam Teng in Shan State
Description:
"... Table Contents: Summary, Historical and cultural significance of the Nam Teng River: flowing through contested lands, Birthplace of Shan “Romeo and Juliet”, An artery of Shan resistance, 1996-1998: forced depopulation along the Nam Teng, Burma Army build-up in central Shan State, Background of Kengtawng, Militarization in Kengtawng, The Kengtawng hydropower project, Impacts of the Kengtawng project, Downsized waterfalls, Decreased fish stocks, The Upper Kengtawng dam, Feared impacts, Parched agriculture, Health risks due to changed water quality, Further decrease in fish stocks, Disappearance of waterfalls, Unpredictable water releases, Dam breakage, Centralized energy planning and foreign investment fueling conflict ..."
Source/publisher:
Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF)
Date of publication:
2018.12.03
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Environmental governance in Burma/Myanmar, Conflict in particular States
Language:
Format :
PDF
Size:
29.23 MB
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
Conflict and dams on the Nam Teng in Shan State
Description:
"... Table Contents: Summary, Historical and cultural significance of the Nam Teng River: flowing through contested lands, Birthplace of Shan “Romeo and Juliet”, An artery of Shan resistance, 1996-1998: forced depopulation along the Nam Teng, Burma Army build-up in central Shan State, Background of Kengtawng, Militarization in Kengtawng, The Kengtawng hydropower project, Impacts of the Kengtawng project, Downsized waterfalls, Decreased fish stocks, The Upper Kengtawng dam, Feared impacts, Parched agriculture, Health risks due to changed water quality, Further decrease in fish stocks, Disappearance of waterfalls, Unpredictable water releases, Dam breakage, Centralized energy planning and foreign investment fueling conflict ..."
Source/publisher:
Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF)
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Conflict in particular States, Shan (cultural, historical, political) articles, Environmentalists of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Format :
PDF
Size:
27.19 MB
Local URL:
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Sub-title:
Myanmar’s rice growers are increasingly concerned about the amount of water in the country available for the irrigation of their crops, industry insiders say.
Description:
"U Myo Tint Tun, assistant secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation recently said: “A reduction in water available for crop irrigation is likely. Right now, the rainfall the country receives has been lower than in previous rainy seasons. Water flowing into the county’s dams has been fluctuating over the recent years and the amount cannot be estimated accurately. What is definitely known is that the country has to be more effective in saving water.”
Rice is one of Myanmar’s major exports, and if shortages of irrigation water occur it would negatively impact a revenue source for the country. U Myo Tint Tun, says building more dams will not help the situation as there are already enough and that the problem is solely due to the climate.
Being an agricultural country, irrigation water is a critical issue for Myanmar, he added.
“Being an agricultural country, it is very important to have sufficient irrigation water. As rice is a major crop, Myanmar needs more water. The crop grows with rain water during the rainy season but in dry areas, irrigation water has to be supplied. If that insufficiency of irrigated water persists, it will be a great challenge for the agriculture sector,” said U Myo Tint Tun.
To address the situation, the Agricultural Development Strategy was drafted about two years ago under the present government and it features solutions to uncommon weather conditions, he said.
Myanmar’s 15 states and regions have different weather patterns, geographical features and water resources so approaches to deal with these are not the same, said U Myo Tint Tun..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2020-01-13
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Adaptation to climate change, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
more
Description:
"ဖဲကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ်ႇ ဖၣ်အၣ်ကီၢ်ဆၣ် ဘါကၣ်ႇ အီၣ်ကီၣ်ယ့ႇ ယသ့ၣ်ပၠၤႇ ပါကိသ၀ီကရူၢ်အပူၤသ၀ီသ့ၣ်တဖၣ် ခီဖျိလၢထံဟဲထီၣ်သူထီၣ်အဃိ လီၢ်က၀ီၤသ၀ီဖိလၢအသဂၢၢ်ဘၣ်ဒီးထံတၢ်ကီတၢ်ခဲတဖၣ်အဂီၢ် ကညီဒွဲလၤကူၣ်သ့ဖိစၢဖှိၣ်ကရၢ -KCO တီခိၣ်ရိၣ်မဲ၀ဲဒီး ဖဲလါနိၣ်၀့ဘၢၣ် ၈ သီအနံၤန့ၣ် လဲၤမၤဘူၣ်လီၤ၀ဲထံန့ၣ်လီၤႉ
ဖဲအပူၤကွံာ်လါအီးကထိဘၢၣ်လါထီၣ်သီန့ၣ် တၢ်လီၢ်ဟီၣ်က၀ီၤဖဲန့ၣ် ဒူဖိသ၀ီဖိသူ၀ဲဒၣ် ထံပူၤႇထံကမျၢတဖၣ် အပူၤန့ၣ် ထံသ့ၣ်တဖၣ်ဟဲထီၣ်သူထီၣ်၀ဲဒီး ညၣ်သ့ၣ်တဖၣ်စ့ၢ်ကီးသံ၀ဲဒၣ် တၢ်ကဲထီၣ်သးအဃိ လၢကသူက့ၤ ၀ဲထံအဂီၢ် ကဲထီၣ်၀ဲတၢ်ကီတၢ်ခဲန့ၣ် သ့ၣ်ညါဘၣ်လီၤႉ
လၢတၢ်ဟဲမၤဘူၣ်လီၤ၀ဲထံအံၤ ၦၤတီခိၣ်ရိၣ်မဲတၢ်ဖိ နါလါစ့ဖီစံး၀ဲလၢ“ဒ့မုၣ်ဖိတဂၤဟဲတဲဘၣ်ယၤႇ ယနၢ်ဟူလၢနၣ်ကိသ၀ီတပၤန့ၣ် ထံဟးဂီၤ၀ဲဒၣ်အဃိ လိၣ်ဘၣ်၀ဲတၢ်မၤစၢၤန့ၣ်လီၤႉ လၢတၢ်န့ၣ်အဃိ ပ၀ဲသ့ၣ်တဖၣ်ပအဲၣ်ဒိးမၤဘူၣ်၀ဲအဃိ တနံၤအံၤပဟဲဒီးမၤဘူၣ်၀ဲလီၤ”အဂ့ၢ် စံးဘၣ် ခ့ၣ်အဲးစံၣ်– ကညီတၢ်ကစီၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤ..."
Source/publisher:
Karen News
Date of publication:
2019-11-13
Date of entry/update:
2019-11-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
more
Description:
"A ceremony to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Myanmar and Italy to cooperate in the water management in the farming sector and development of mechanized farming, was held in Nay Pyi Taw on August 2, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation.
Under the MoU, Italy will provide technical assistance for the establishment of irrigation technical center at the Shwehlanbo river water pumping and underground water training school in Sintkai Township in Mandalay Region for the development of dam irrigation technology and the mechanized farming technology center at No.61 mechanized farming camp in Wetlet Township in Sagaing Region for development of mechanized farming system, for three years.
The MoU was signed by Deputy Minister for Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Hla Kyaw and Italian Ambassador to Myanmar Mrs. Alessandra Schiavo.
In addition, the ministry is discussing a plan to promote technical cooperation for development of farming sector between Myanmar and India. Both sides discussed the utilization of technologies and opening of animal health and management courses according to the MoU between Myanmar and India, for development Rakhine State..."
Source/publisher:
"Eleven Media Group" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2019-08-04
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Sustainable agriculture - Burma/Myanmar, Burma/Myanmar's Foreign relations, general
Language:
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Description:
"When the bullock carts lugging passengers and produce pulled into Yangon, coated in the umber dust of the countryside, the people on board, if not the oxen, used to be able to count on refreshment.
On many a street corner, often under a shade tree, stood what looked like a dollhouse on stilts. Inside was a rotund clay pot covered by a triangle of woven leaves. The pot held drinking water.
Cool without refrigeration, sweet with the taste of earth, nothing slaked the insistent thirst of the tropics better, according to some residents of Yangon, Myanmar’s largest city. “I only drink water from a clay pot,” said Ma Aye Aye Thein, as she sat on a plastic stool and occasionally fanned herself. “I feel hot when I drink from plastic.”
The gifted water was also a welcome reminder of the hospitality of strangers in a period when trust was in short supply. During the height of the military dictatorship that ruled Myanmar for nearly 50 years, people said the walls had eyes and ears. In those times, it didn’t take much for Special Branch, the secret police, to turn a neighbor into an informer..."
Source/publisher:
"The New York Times" (USA)
Date of publication:
2019-10-10
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
more
Description:
"Myanmar is a unique country where the majority of the people live in rural areas, away from grid
electricity and reliable water supplies. The penetration of grid electricity in rural areas is minimal and
even then it is often erratic. This paper focuses on the challenges of transitioning from an electricitypoor country to a renewable energy based-economy augmented with photovoltaics (PV). Based on
optimization modelling and assessments of Myanmar’s current energy barriers, we examine the
feasibility of PV-powered desalination systems for the Ayeyarwady region and Tanintharyi region. An
analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of a stand-alone solar-powered desalination system
indicates that the needed price of water for economic sustainability should be approximately
US$0.0224/litre. From our economic modelling, we found that the major capital cost is the
installation of PV and maintenance. The major operating cost is maintenance of batteries. Minor
operating costs are membrane replacement and PV maintenance. The country’s limited capital
inhibits the creation of these systems, and foreign investment or incentives from international
financial institutions will be needed to secure off-grid, clean energy solutions for Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
"ProQuest" (USA)
Date of publication:
2016-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2019-09-26
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
45.18 KB
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Description:
"People living in Myanmar's Dry Zone are facing the impact of climate change on their lives. The project, Addressing Climate Change Risks on Water Resources and Food Security in the Dry Zone of Myanmar aims to reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity of the dry zone communities through improved water management, crop and livestock adaptation programme in five of the most vulnerable townships of Myanmar’s Dry Zone. The Adaptation Fund project is being implemented by UNDP in collaboration with the Government of the Union of Myanmar.
Category..."
Source/publisher:
UNDP Myanmar
Date of publication:
2017-03-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Smallholder farming and farmers in Burma/Myanmar, UNDP - Burma/Myanmar, The forests of Burma/Myanmar - general, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Water security in Burma/Myanmar, Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma
Language:
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Description:
"Across Myanmar’s central, rural dry zone, communities have markedly improved their lives with the support of Pact and its partners, in areas including health, food security, livelihoods, access to credit and renewable energy, and water, sanitation and hygiene. Pact’s unique, integrated model – one focused on making holistic, systemic change and building strong local institutions and decision-making – means villages lead their own development.
Pact and its partners implemented the Shae Thot project in Myanmar from 2011 to 2018. The project was supported by USAID and paid for by the American people..."
Source/publisher:
Pactworld
Date of publication:
2018-06-08
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Rural development in Burma/Myanmar, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
more
Description:
"Their village of Sin Ka in Chauk Township, in the Magway Region, has only one well that serves 700 people. It is a 20 minute walk away and costs US$0.60 to fill a 200 litre barrel. This is a serious burden on Daung Yi and her husband, who look after a family of 12, including children and grandparents.
Many landless people in Myanmar’s Dry Zone work as seasonal farm labourers, migrating to urban areas during non-planting time to find temporary employment. Chronic poverty is directly correlated with the effects of drought and climate change..."
Source/publisher:
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
Date of publication:
2016-09-08
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
UNDP - Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Water security in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
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Topic:
agricultural practices, capacity building, crop management, food security, water resource management
Topic:
agricultural practices, capacity building, crop management, food security, water resource management
Description:
"The Rakhine Winter Crops Project (RWCP) is an ambitious programme to facilitate crop diversification, increased production and improved agricultural water management for the dry season in order to increase farmer incomes, employment and food security. RWCP operates in Thandwe, Taungup and Gwa Townships of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Key aspects of the 5-year NZ$11.5m programme include, among others:
The provision of Good Agriculture Practice training and applied research for farmers to diversify into more productive and profitable winter crops;
The implementation of a home garden program, particularly for landless farmers;
Strengthening the institutional capacity of government extension workers and Community Development Groups.
Sandwiched between the Bay of Bengal and the Rakhine Yoma mountain range, Rakhine State is one of Myanmar’s least developed areas. Communities there confront a number of serious challenges, including malnutrition, poverty, conflict, weak infrastructure and susceptibility to extreme weather events. The majority of Rakhine’s population are reliant on subsistence agriculture. More than half of the rural population are landless and dependent on casual labour for employment and income..."
Source/publisher:
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) via Adam Smith International
Date of publication:
2018-09-25
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Sustainable agriculture - Burma/Myanmar, Food Security and nutrition in Burma/Myanmar, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Education in Agriculture
Language:
more
Description:
"Within the framework of the capacity building program for Myanmar urban services providers implemented by GRET (ROSAMUR project), a comprehensive assessment study on sanitation in Magway city was conducted with the key following objectives:
To gather and analyze data and information on sanitation conditions, including all different aspects: regulatory, institutional, financial, capacity, technical, etc.
To draw the faecal waste flow in Magway city to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current system
To suggest priorities improvement for each component of the sanitation service chain according to the conclusion of the assessment
The following report is in Myanmar language and presents the conclusions of this study.....ဤအစီရင်ခံစာတွင်၂၀၁၇ခုနှစ်၊စက်တင်ဘာလမှ၂၀၁၈ခုနှစ်၊ဇန်နဝါရီလအထိ လေ့လာတွေ့ရှိရသော
ရေဆိုးစွန့်ပစ်စနစ်နှင့်ပတ်သက်သည့်လေ့လာချက်များနှင့်အနှစ်ချုပ်တွေ့ရှိချက်များကိုတင်ပြထားပါသ
ည်။ ဤလေ့လာမှုသည်GRETမှအကောင်အထည်ဖော်ပြီး ပြင်သစ်အလှူရှင်များမှ ရန်ပုံငွေ မတည်
ထားသော Rosamurပရောဂျက်၏ တစ်စိတ်တစ်ပိုင်းဖြစ်ကာမကွေးမြို့အတွက် ရေပေးဝေမှုစနစ်
ရေဆိုးစွန့်ပစ်မှုနှင့် အမှိုက်သရိုက်အညစ်အကြေးများစီမံခန့်ခွဲမှုလုပ်ငန်းများ ဖံ့ွ ဖြိုးတိုးတက်စေရန်
ရည်ရွယ်ချက်အတွက်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
ကနဦးလေ့လာတွေ့ရှိချက်များနှင့်ကွင်းဆင်းလေ့လာမှု့များအရ
မကွေးမြို့၏ရေဆိုးစွန့်ပစ်မှုအခြေအနေနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍အားကိုးအားထားပြုရမည့်အချက်အလက်များ
လုံးဝမရှိသည့်အပြင်ရေဆိုးစွန့်ပစ်စနစ်နှင့်ပတ်သက်ပြီးမြို့၏အခြေအနေနှင့်ပြည်သူလူထု၏လက်တွေ့
ကျင့်သုံးမှုအပိုင်းမှာလည်း စိတ်ကျေနပ်မှုမရှိသည်ကို တွေ့ရှိရပါသည်။
ထိုအခြေအနေကိုကောင်းမွန်လာစေရန်အလို့ငှာမြို့၏လက်ရှိအခြေအနေကိုနားလည်ပြီး တိကျ
မှန်ကန်သော သတင်းအချက်အလက်များစုဆောင်းရန်လိုအပ်ပါသည်။
ထိုသို့သောအကြောင်းအရာများကြောင့်GRETမှမကွေးမြို့တွင်ရေဆိုးစွန့်ပစ်စနစ်နှင့်ပတ်သက်သော
ရှင်းလင်းသည့် လေ့လာအကဲဖြတ်မှုများကို အောက်ပါရည်ရွယ်ချက်များဖြင့် ပြုလုပ်ပါသည်။
1) ရေဆိုးစနွ့်ပစ်မှုအခြေအနေများနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍သတင်းအချက်အလက်များကိုစည်းမျဉ်းစည်းကမ်း
ဆိုင်ရာ၊ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံဆိုင်ရာ၊
ငွေကြေးဆိုင်ရာ၊စွမ်းဆောင်ချက်ဆိုင်ရာ၊နည်းစနစ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာစသည်တို့ကိုရှုထောင့်အမျိုးမျိုးမှပါ
ဝင်အောင်စုဆောင်းရန်။
2) မကွေးမြို့၏မိလ္လာအညစ်အကြေးစီးဆင်းမှုကို ရေးဆွဲပြီး လက်ရှိမိလ္လာရေစီးလမ်းကြောင်း စနစ်၏
အားသာ ချက်နှင့် အားနည်းချက်တို့ကို လေ့လာရန်။
3) လေ့လာတွေ့ရှိချက်များအပေါ်မူတည်၍ရေဆိုးစွန့်ပစ်စနစ်လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်၏ ဦးစားပေး လုပ်ငန်း
တစ်ခုချင်းစီ ဖံ့ွ ဖြိုးတိုးတက်မှုအတကွ ် အကြံပြုရန်။..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal
Date of publication:
2019-07-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-26
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban development, Rural development in Burma/Myanmar, Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, Climate Change - Migration Burma/Myanmar, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Format :
pdf
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3.55 MB
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Description:
"The level of water in the Ayeyawady River, which crossed the danger mark on 21 July in Mandalay, is expected to recede over the next few days, according to the upper Myanmar weather bureau.
"The river stopped rising on Sunday. We forecast the water level will recede about 2 centimetres on 22 July. It will fall below the danger mark after 24 July," said U Kyaw Lwin Oo, the Director of the Upper Myanmar Meteorological and Hydrological Department.
On Saturday, the water reached 1,285 cm, 25 cm above the danger mark, but the level remained unchanged the rest of the day. The water level in the river had reached a record of 1,382 cm in 2004.
"The embankment in Mandalay is safe until the river water reaches 50 cm above the danger mark. But, areas where the embankment is lower, especially in Amarapura Township, should be on alert for floods," U Kyaw Lwin Oo added.
The current water level does not pose a threat to residents as the embankment is higher than in 2004, he said. The Mandalay City Development Committee has collected over 30,000 sandbags as part of preparedness for possible flooding..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal
Date of publication:
2019-07-22
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"Access to clean water and sanitation is a basic human right, it is essential to ensure that people have safe, secure affordable water to obtain a decent life for all. Water governance - transparent, clearly informed and inclusive decision-making - should bring fair and equitable development planning for the whole of society regardless of social status, location, gender, sexual orientation, disability or ethnicity. Having those aims in mind, I would like to address the essential role that gender plays in Myanmar society in accordance to highlight World Water Day 2019 theme, "Leaving no one behind" - which aims to focus on marginalized groups. The 'Impact Evaluation in practice' handbook, published by the World Bank Group and the Inter-American Development Bank, evaluated 122 projects, which evidently found that water projects that included women were six to seven times more effective than those that did not. In addition, recognising Myanmar rural society, it is essential to "leaving no country behind" to enable redistribution of the global wealth to be achieving Sustainable Development Goal, SDG 1 – No Poverty.
The theme 'inclusiveness of society in the water sector' revived my childhood memory of growing up in my beloved village, located on a small island at the southern part of Myanmar- carrying the glazed earthenware pot which was filled with the drinking water for my household, over my head from the village monastery's well. It is assumed as a cleaner water source as it was located on higher land than central village houses. I remember going to the communal drinking wells with my grandmother, catching up with the fellow women while waiting for the turns to manually pump the water during the summer months of March, April and May - the period most regions of Myanmar faced the lack of water. In the drier months, we would have to go to the nearby villages with the cow carts, to carry the water. However, those have changed when my neighbours and my parents, former teachers, decided to have a deep-well near the house for a small neighbourhood. Having easier access to water allowed me to have extra time for studying. Besides, the neighbourhoods could collect small fees for maintaining the well's operation, and even building an additional well for a village school within a few years. From spending two times daily (one hour every time) carrying water to readily available water next door has proved the immerse advantage..."
Source/publisher:
Myanmar Water Portal
Date of publication:
2019-07-23
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"Improving the health of families in the Delta by providing access to safe water and sanitation facilities, while raising awareness of hygiene and health related issues was a project funded by the Government of Japan for recovery and reconstruction of 2365 latrines, 197 rainwater collection tanks, 235 ponds, 28 new ponds and 212 new wells, 13,911 ceramic jars, 129 bridges and jetties, 541 emergency water supply systems and many more for 190,000 people in 263 villages of the Cyclone Nargis affected community in the Delta area of Myanmar.
More information can be found at: Community Water Supply and Sanitation Recovery Programme (CWSSRP)..."
Source/publisher:
UN-Habitat Myanmar
Date of publication:
2015-03-20
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
HABITAT - Burma/Myanmar, Cyclone Nargis - Health issues, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Rural development in Burma/Myanmar, Urban development, Cyclone Nargis - Water and Sanitation
Language:
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Sub-title:
A poor community cites decades of land dispossession and environmental degradation in their opposition to a Thai-operated tin mine in rural Dawei Township.
Description:
"ON THE BANKS of a narrow stream in rural Tanintharyi Region, a faded blue sign points the way to Myaung Phyo village. Walking into the village, Frontier could see dying coconut trees lining the main street – a symptom, locals said, of groundwater contamination.
Myaung Phyo is located 43 kilometres from Dawei, the capital of Tanintharyi Region, in Myitta sub-township. Close by is the Heinda tin mine, one of Myanmar’s oldest. Local residents say that Myaung Phyo has borne the brunt of the extensive environmental damage caused by the mine.
The dispute between the community and the mine operators goes back several decades. In 1983, about 500 village residents were relocated to make way for the mine. The only compensation they received were plots of land smaller than those they were forced to vacate, according to a report by the Dawei Pro Bono Lawyers Network.
Ma Phyu Phyu Khaing was one of those displaced.
“The situation made us very sad. The village was very peaceful and it had big trees that gave us shade. Neighbouring villages really liked it, because it was very cool. But one side of the village is now dead,” she said.
In 2008, heavy rainfall caused flooding that saw the mine’s sediment pools overflow and mining waste wash into the village, contaminating the water supply and destroying plantations and homes, residents say. Further flooding occurred in 2012, damaging about 20 acres of plantations as well as 27 homes.
Myaung Phyo resident Daw Khin San said that, because of the mine, many such as herself do not have access to clean water in the village.
“All homes have wells, but we can’t use them anymore because of contamination. We have to collect water from a well that is more than two furlongs [half a kilometre] from home. We use this water for drinking, washing and other domestic uses every day,” she said.
The Heinda mine was established in the 1920s during British colonial rule, as part of a cluster of tin mines close to Dawei, known then as Tavoy. However, much of the tin and tungsten mining infrastructure was destroyed during World War Two. The industry was nationalised under the military-backed, socialist regime of General Ne Win, which took over in 1962.
After decades of low output under the Ministry of Mines, in 1999 Thai company Myanmar Pongpipat was granted permission to explore the mine, in partnership with the state-owned No.2 Mining Enterprise, the former holding 65 percent and the latter 35 pc of the venture.
The mine covers 247 acres within an 2,110-acre concession and includes three open-pit mines that produce between 400 and 500 tonnes of tin and tungsten each year, much of which is then exported for processing in China, Thailand and Malaysia, typically earning more than US$4 million per year.
Water tests commissioned in 2013 and 2014 by the Dawei Pro Bono Lawyers Network found that lead and arsenic toxicity levels were significantly beyond the safe upper limits recommended by the World Health Organization for drinking water. The network’s report cited significant health risks, especially for children.
Another Myaung Pyo resident, Daw Aye, said that the company had promised government officials that they would address the water contamination, but never took any action.
The Tanintharyi Region government has suspended the company’s mining activities three times since June 2016, for periods ranging from three weeks to several months, because of environmental concerns. The most recent suspension was in February 2018, but work was allowed to resume in October.
Nine residents filed a lawsuit in 2014 at the Dawei District Court against the company for damages caused by the loss of livelihood, but this and subsequent appeals at the Tanintharyi Region High Court and the Union Supreme Court were all rejected.
Villagers say that the company had offered them compensation but the sums were too small for them to accept. Some residents whose lands were contaminated by the mine’s runoff were provided with new land, the villagers said. But not everyone accepted it, with some deciding to move to Thailand to seek work instead.
Residents also submitted a complaint to the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand in February 2017. The NHRCT said that same month that they would submit a complaint to the Thai government on the villagers’ behalf, but the villagers were not aware of anything having been done in response.
Representatives for Myanmar Pongpipat could not be reached for comment.
U Thein Soe, deputy permanent secretary at the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, told Frontier that the ministry’s Environmental Conservation Department and the No.2 Mining Enterprise were supervising the mine to ensure Myanmar Pongpipat was following an environmental management plan the company had commissioned, even though his department had yet to formally approve the plan. He added that data on sediment from the mine was reported to Nay Pyi Taw once a week.
Asked about the flooding risks, Thein Soe said it was difficult to “prevent a natural disaster” but added that the situation had “improved” since the government began monitoring mine activities, with the sediment pond now less prone to overflowing.
U Ye Aung, a member of a community group formed to monitor the mine at the request of the regional government, told Frontier, “They want to have their creek, good water and trees back, and regain their lost lifestyle. Now, they feel like they, the villagers, don’t matter to the government.”
Ye Aung said the monitoring group had submitted three letters to the regional government, calling on it to punish the company for breaching its environmental commitments.
Tanintharyi Region Minister for Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation U Myint Maung said the current contract for the mine expires in June. He said the regional government had urged the Union government to open a tender for the new contract and consult independent experts over the terms to set, but that the Union government had asked them to extend the contract for Myanmar Pongpipat for another five years.
Daw Aye said she wanted the company to leave.
“I’m always sad when I see the [dying] trees. We don’t want the company to be given an extension. If they do, things will only get worse,” she said..."
Source/publisher:
Frontier Myanmar
Date of publication:
2019-03-11
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dawei (economic, social, cultural, political), Minerals and Mining - Burma (general articles and analyses), Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
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Description:
"Maung Maung, 46, in his home garden where he grows leafy vegetables using hydroponics in Shwe Bon Thar village, Myingyan Township, part of Myanmar's Dry Zone on Feb 22, 2017. TRF/Thin Lei Win
PAKOKKU, Myanmar, March 10 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Myo Myint fondly remembers when his one-acre farm regularly produced 100 baskets of rice. But as rainfall became erratic in this arid region, he started growing betel leaves, a less thirsty cash crop.
This summer, the 50-year-old is considering leaving fallow his land in Myanmar's central "Dry Zone" because when the stream behind his house dries up in March, the cost of irrigation outstrips the income from any crop.
A 2016 drought followed by heavy rains already battered his farm.
"Water is becoming more scarce every year. I want to keep growing the crops but there's not much I can do without water," he said, sitting beneath the ground floor of his stilt house.
His village of Myay Ni Twin, in Pakokku township, is around two hours' drive from Bagan, Myanmar's top tourist destination known for its ancient Buddhist temples.
"When I was growing up, the stream didn't go dry. Now there's less rain, and it's very hard to plant things," he said.
Myanmar recently emerged from decades of military dictatorship only to face a bigger existential threat.
The Southeast Asian nation of 50 million people is the world's second most vulnerable country to climate change, according to the Global Climate Risk Index from research group Germanwatch. Studies have shown the onset of the monsoon is becoming more variable, increasing the risk of drought.
The Dry Zone, an area comprising 58 townships in Mandalay, Magwe and Sagaing, is home to around 10 million people, who mostly rely on rain-fed agriculture. It suffers from year-round water shortages.
A recent assessment by the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA), an initiative funded by the European Union and United Nations, predicted a temperature increase of up to 3 degrees Celsius and a shorter monsoon in Pakokku by 2050.
Farmers like Myo Myint - already struggling to make ends meet - will bear the brunt of those changes.
His village has a well, but pumping water costs too much, he said. So he was intrigued by the prototypes of soil moisture sensors in the hands of Tayzar Lin, a product designer with Proximity Designs, a Myanmar-based social enterprise that develops affordable products for farmers.
"I've been curious since I saw something similar on Facebook," said the farmer, as Tayzar Lin plunged into the soil a boxy contraption with a dial at the top and an alloy-tipped brass rod at the bottom.
The hand on the dial moved to green, showing the soil still held water. Red means dry, and blue means too much water.
Myo Myint dreams of watering only when needed, instead of every two days as he now does, to save the precious resource..."
Thin Lei Win, Maung Maung
Source/publisher:
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
Date of publication:
2017-03-15
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Burma/Myanmar reports to international bodies and mechanisms, The impact of climate change on the environment of Burma/Myanmar, Other crops, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
Language:
English
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Description:
''French multinational energy company Engie has informed Burma Campaign UK that it is pulling out of the Upper Yeywa dam project in Shan State Burma, after being placed on a ‘Dirty List’ by Burma Campaign UK in December 2018.
Engie is a French multinational energy and services company. In the UK it is an energy supplier and works in a range of services, including working for the NHS.
Engie subsidiary company Tractabel, has a subsidiary, Lahmeyer, which was working on the controversial Upper Yeywa dam in Shan State, Burma. The dam is opposed by local residents and will result in displacement and environmental damage.
The Shan Human Rights Foundation, working with local civil society, has highlighted the negative impacts of dam building in Shan State in a series of reports available at: https://www.shanhumanrights.org/
In a letter from Xavier Hubert, Ethics Compliance and Privacy Director of Engie, dated 21st January 2019, the company stated:
“As we informed you in the context of this project, our affiliate, Lahmeyer International, formed a consortium with the company Stucky SA, long before the acquisition of Lahmeyer International by ENGIE. We inform you that the contract with Stucky has been terminated at the very beginning of January 2019 and that as a result neither Lahmeyer International nor any member of ENGIE Group is any more involved in the project.”
Burma Campaign UK has now removed Engie from the ‘Dirty List’...''
Source/publisher:
Burma Campaign UK via "Progressive Voice"
Date of publication:
2019-01-30
Date of entry/update:
2019-02-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
''Communication for Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security in Myanmar...''
Dr. Naoya Fujimoto, U Htary Naing, U Thaung Win, U Soe Khaing, U Aung Than, U Than Choung, Khin Thuzar Nwe
Source/publisher:
ABC International Development
Date of publication:
2017-04-06
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Rice, Other crops, Glacier reduction - Impact on water supply, Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Smallholder farming and farmers in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Description:
"What do we need to have a healthy and happy life? Do we need clean, safe, and uncontaminated air to breath, food to eat and water to drink for our growth and well-being? These are critical questions that we should often ask ourselves. This (Karen language) environmental booklet was produced with the aim to raise awareness and educate community members such as school children, students, teachers, parents and leaders about the important role water plays in our personal and community health, livelihoods and development. This booklet is divided into three main topics: basic understanding of water resources and their management, waste management, and sanitation and hygiene..."
Source/publisher:
KESAN
Date of publication:
2018-10-12
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-29
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.36 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
Introduction to IWRM in Myanmar: Setting the right strategy before master planning: "The Myanmar IWRM Strategic Study aims to contribute in a participative manner to the
development of a national strategy for integrated water resources management (IWRM) in
Myanmar1. The fullest possible use has been made of insights into delta management, IWRM
and adaptive water management as developed in the Dutch delta programme and elsewhere
in the world. The strategic study assists in responding to the national IWRM challenges and
opportunities in Myanmar. It provides options and recommendations as building blocks for a
Myanmar National Water Master Plan. It does not go into detail as may be expected from a
comprehensive master plan. This study is at a strategic level; it presents an overview of the
most important challenges and anticipated changes in water resources management, what
measures could be taken and the expected impact of these measures as well as their
economic and financial aspects. The building blocks, recommendations, proposed strategies
and measures may be used by the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar for
initial decision making, taking into consideration their priorities. Eventually, the preferred
strategy can then be further detailed in a future IWRM Master plan..."
Source/publisher:
Royal HaskoningDHV, UNESCO-IHE and ARCADIS
Date of publication:
2014-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2016-03-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
5.72 MB 11.61 MB
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Description:
1 Sector Road Map: 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities - 1. Urbanization; 2. Core constraints ["The core constraint to Myanmar?s urban development is inadequate
infrastructure and poor quality of services..."]; Sector performance indicators ["A key constraint in assessing the sector performance
and having a basis for planning and prioritization are the sporadic, unreliable and incomplete
data..."]; 4. Sanitation, solid waste and stormwater drainage ["Urban areas do not have
functioning city-wide sewerage and drainage networks...]; 5. Health and poverty implications; 6. Climate change implications; 7. Opportunities through development of Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) corridors
and towns; 8. Gender issues...2. Government?s Sector Strategy:
8. National and local level plans and strategies; 9. Institutional frameworks and capacities...3. ADB Sector Experience: 10. Past experience and assistance in the sector; 11. Lessons learnt and best practices from the region; 12. Priority assistance ["...geographically, assistance could initially focus on towns that would support or are part of GMS
corridors, specifically the Southern Economic Corridor and the East Western Economic Corridor..."]...Problem Tree for Urban Development and Water Sector
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-09-00
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
61.32 KB
Local URL:
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Source/publisher:
UNOPS
Date of entry/update:
2010-12-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
Water resources and status of utilization
Myanmar is a country endowed with abundant water resources. The catchment area of Myanmar?s ten principal river basins comprises about 737800 km?. Potential water resources volume is about 1082 km? for surface water and 495 cubic km for groundwater.as well constitute national water resources annually.
As an agro-base country of Myanmar, water utilization for agricultural sector stands for 90% while industry and domestic use is only about 10% of the total water use. The total utilization of the nation?s water resources is only about 5 percent of the potential. It is clear that the physical potential for further development of water resources in Myanmar is quite substantial.
However with the increase of population and enhanced need for water for economic activities, there is increasing pressure on use of surface water and extraction of groundwater. Control and management of surface water and groundwater is therefore important for sustainable development of the country in future.
Source/publisher:
Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-25
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
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Description:
A fierce heat wave combined with a drought to create serious water shortages in many parts of Burma in May...
"Temperatures in Rangoon, Pegu and Irrawaddy divisions and in central Burma and Arakan State reached three-decade record highs of up to 45 degrees Celsius, according to official reports.
The excessive heat dried up ponds in many villages, leading to a shortage of water for drinking and sanitation. Many communities in need received emergency water supplies from volunteer workers—and the government..."
Myat Moe Maung
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 18, No. 6
Date of publication:
2010-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-08-29
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
Maungdaw, 7 May 2005:
"A number of villages in the north of Maungdaw Township have been facing a water shortage since the beginning of May, reports a villager who has been transporting water from Bangladesh to Burma via a small boat on the Naf River.
"The water is not for my family, it is for the Nasaka camp which is located at Ngakhura village," he said..."
Source/publisher:
Narinjara News
Date of publication:
2005-06-07
Date of entry/update:
2005-07-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar, Narinjara News
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
10.98 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
Geography and population�
Climate and water resources:
Climate;
River basins and water resources;
Lakes and dams;
Water withdrawal�
Irrigation and drainage development�
Institutional environment�
.
Trends in water resources management�
.
Main sources of information.
Source/publisher:
FAO
Date of publication:
1999-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2004-08-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Water resources of Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
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