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အဓိကအကြောင်းအရာ

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Title: Holding Our Ground: Land Confiscation in Arakan & Mon States, and Pa-O Area of Southern Shan State
Description/subject: Introduction: "The following report has been compiled to bring to the attention of a wider audience many of the problems facing the people of Burma, especially its many ethnic nationalities. For many outside observers, Burma?s problems are confined simply to the ongoing incarceration of Nobel Laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the country?s democratically elected leader, and many other political prisoners. However, as we hope to show in the following report, this is only one of very many human rights abuses that provide obstacles to the people?s hope for democracy. This report concentrates in 3 specific areas of the country – Arakan State, Mon State and the Pa-O Area of southern Shan State. This is partly due to budget and time constraints, but, primarily because the brutal treatment received by the people of these areas at the hands of the military junta has received limited media attention in the past."...Conclusion: "The SPDC?s ongoing dual policy of increasing militarization and forced land confiscation, both to house and feed the increasing troop numbers, causes widespread problems throughout Burma. By robbing people of the land from which many make their livings, without any or providing only desultory compensation, many citizens face drastic problems such as food and water shortages, an inability to educate their children and an inability to find work. Additionally, the policy of using forced labour in the Government?s construction and development projects, coupled with the disastrous environmental effects of many of these projects, continues to create severe health problems throughout the country. All of this often leads to people fleeing the country in search of a better life."
Source/publisher: All Arakan Students? and Youths? Congress (AASYC), Pa-O Youth Organisation (PYO) and Mon Youth Progressive Organisation (MYPO)
Date of publication: 2009-02-28
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-21
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese
Format : pdf pdf
Size: 2.21 MB 793.16 KB
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Title: GB March 2009 (304th session): Conclusions concerning Myanmar
Description/subject: The Governing Body took note of the report of the Liaison Officer and listened with interest to the statement made by the Permanent Representative of the Government of the Union of Myanmar. In light of the information available, and considering the interventions made during the debate, the Governing Body concludes as follows:
Source/publisher: International Labour Office
Date of publication: 2009-02-28
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-19
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 14.42 KB
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Title: Asian Development Outlook 2009 (Myanmar)
Description/subject: "High prices for natural gas exports continued to support modest rates of growth in FY2007. Inflation remained at around 30%, largely the result of money creation to finance fiscal deficits. Recovery and reconstruction after Cyclone Nargis, which inflicted severe human loss and economic damage in May 2008, will take at least 3 years. Economic growth will be diminished this year by weaker performance of Myanmar?s major trading partners..."
Source/publisher: Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication: 2009-04-17
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-17
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: "Nightingale Journal", February 2009/ နိုက်တင်ဂေးလ်- ကျန်းမာရေးဂျာနယ်- ဖေဖေါ်ဝါရီ၊ ၂၀၀၉
Description/subject: မယ်တော် ဆေးခန်းနှစ် (၂၀) ပြည့်အခမ်းအနားကျင်းပ... နှစ် (၂၀) မယ်တော်ဆေးခန်းနှင့် လူမှု အခြေပြု အဖွဲ့ အစည်းများ၏ အရေးပါမှု... ဒေါက်တာ စင်သီယာမောင်အား မယ်တော်ဆေးခန်း အနှစ် ၂၀ ပြည့်နှင့် စပ်လျဉ်း၍ မေးမြန်းခြင်း... လူပျောက်ကြော်ငြာ (ကဗျာ) ... ကျန်းမာရေး ပြုစုစောင့်ရှောက်မှု အိုဘားမားအတွက် အကြီးဆုံး အကဲစမ်းမှု... ထိုင်းမြန်မာနယ်စပ်မြို့တွင် မြန်မာ အလုပ်သမားများအား ပထမဆုံးအကြိမ် ထိုင်းဆရာဝန်ရောဂါစစ်ဆေး... အသက်ရှူကြပ်သေဆုံးသူမြန်မာများအတွက် ထိုင်းကုမ္ပဏီ ကလျော်ကြေးပေး... မြန်မာပြည်တွင် ကြက်ငှက်တုပ်ကွေး မရှိ၊ လည်လိမ်ရောဂါသာရှိဟု FAO ပြော... သားဆက်ခြားမှ မျိုးပွားဂုဏ်တင့်မည်... နာဂစ် အလွန်လူ့ အခွင့်အရေး ချိုးဖောက်မှုများကို အရေးယူရန်တောင်းဆို... ဆရာဝန်ကောင်း ဆရာဝန်ဆိုးနဲ့ ဟစ်ပိုကရေးတီး... အကြမ်းရေဟာ အနွမ်းဖြေစရာပါဗျာနှင့် ဘလော့ဂ် ရောဂါ... စရိတ်မျှပေးကျန်းမာရေးနျင့် ဗူးလေးရာ ဖရုံဆင့်တဲံ ပြည်သူ့ ဆေးရုံ... နယ်စပ်ဖြတ်ကျော် ဆေးရှာပုံတော် ဖွင့်သူများ (သို့မဟုတ်) နယ်စပ်သို့ရောက်ရှိလာသော တီဘီရောဂါသည်များအကြောင်း တစေံတစောင်း... မယ်လမင်းအန္တရာယ်ကင်းဝေးရေး မိခင်နို့ကို ဦးစားပေး... ကျန်းမာရေးနှင့် လူ့ အခွင့် အရေး ဆွေးနွေးခန်း... အကန်းအိပ်မက်... အထင်နဲ့ အမြင်... သွားနှင့် ခံတွင် ကင်ဆာရောဂါ... နော်နီ (သို့မဟုတ်) ဆေးဖက်ဝင်ရဲယိုပင်... တတိယ ဆင့်ပွားဆေးလိပ် အန္တရာယ်... အမာရွတ်မဲ့ ခွဲစိတ်ကုသမှု... ဆေးမြီးတိုယုံတမ်းစကားများ... ကာကွယ်ဆေးလိမ် တိုင်းပြည်များ.... ငှက်ဖျားပြဿနာ... သဘာဝမဟုတ်တဲ့ လိင်ဆက်ဆံမှုနဲ့ ကျန်းမာရေးအန္တရာယ်... လူဝများ သတိထားစရာ... ဆေးသတင်း အတိုအထွာ... မယ်တော်ဆေးခန်း နှစ် (၂၀) ပြည့် အထိမ်းအမှတ် မှတ်တမ်း ဓါတ်ပုံပြပွဲ ဖွင့်ပွဲ အခမ်းအနား ကျင်းပ... ငါးမျိုးပေါင်း ကာကွယ်ဆေး... အရက်ဖြတ်ဆေးသစ်... ပိုလီယိုတိုင်းပြည်...
Source/publisher: Mao Tao Clinic မယ်တော်ဆေးခန်း
Date of publication: 2009-01-31
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-17
Type: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ
Format : pdf
Size: 1.08 MB
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Title: Joint Response to ?After the Storm: Voices from the Delta”
Description/subject: Mercy Corps, Merlin, Norwegian Peoples Aid, Norwegian Refugee Council, Pact, Population Services International, Relief International, Save the Children, Welthungerhilfe (German Agro‐Action), World Vision....."... "In conclusion, we?d like to highlight the following: • Dozens of international and local relief agencies along with foreign embassies are continually examining humanitarian aid delivery from inside Burma. They are able to do so independently and firsthand. 4 • The international humanitarian assistance delivered to date has been life‐saving and life sustaining for millions of cyclone survivors. It has reached them without significant interference. • INGOs in Myanmar work within constraints and continuously seek to address and put into place mechanisms that improve accountability, transparency and protection issues in a responsible manner . (A special working group, a Protection cluster, has been set up under the Inter Agency Standing Committee which seeks to address protection‐related issues.) • The effect of broadly misrepresenting the situation on the ground in the Delta after Cyclone Nargis through the EAT‐Johns Hopkins report can be to undermine the case for further aid to the survivors. Far from improving the situation, it will lead to significant further suffering for hundreds of thousands of people. Recovery from this massive disaster is still very tenuous. It is clear that aid needs to be ramped up to support the two million cyclone survivors who continue to struggle under grim conditions today. • The news release dated 27 February 2009 from EAT‐Johns Hopkins called for a review ?before further assistance is delivered.” None of the "voices" quoted in the EAT‐Johns Hopkins report, and none of the survivors that relief agencies have spoken to, are calling for such a pause in aid. To the contrary, the consistent "voice" of all the people in the Delta, in direct contradiction to the report, is "Please, don't abandon us". This strongest of voices is completely absent from the report. We owe it to the courageous survivors of Cyclone Nargis to collectively engage in helping them rebuild their lives. In the spirit of research and learning, we would welcome an opportunity to meet with the authors of the report to discuss their findings and concerns. In particular, we invite representatives from EAT and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health to visit the Delta together to meet directly with cyclone survivors to hear their views on continued assistance. We believe our common efforts at reflection, debate and mutual accountability can ultimately serve to improve the lives of survivors in Myanmar during this most critical juncture..."
Source/publisher: 21 international NGOs working in Burma/Myanmar
Date of publication: 2009-04-08
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-10
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 149.33 KB
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Title: SEAlang Library
Description/subject: The SEAlang Library was established in 2005, with primary funding from the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA program, and matching funds from CRCL Inc. The Library provides language reference materials for Southeast Asia, with an initial focus on the non-roman script languages used throughout the mainland. These include: - bilingual and monolingual dictionaries (linked via: D), - monolingual text corpora and aligned bitext corpora (linked via: C, B), - a variety of tools for manipulating, searching, and displaying complex scripts. .... Thai; Burmese; Khmer; Lao; Shan; Karen; Mon; Vietnamese
Source/publisher: S. E. A .L. A. N. G.
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-09
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Category: Burmese, Fonts
Language: English, Burmese, Karen, Mon, Shan etc.
Local URL:
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Title: THE ROHINGYAS Bengali Muslims or Arakan Rohingyas?
Description/subject: "In recent months, the Rohingyas have been making headlines again. Who are they? It was reported1 recently that Myanmar Foreign Minister U Nyan Win had told his ASEAN2 counterparts in Hua Hin, Thailand, prior to the ASEAN Summit, that the SPDC is "willing to accept the return of refugees from Myanmar if they are listed as Bengali Muslim minorities but not if they are Rohingyas, because Rohingyas are not Myanmar citizens". What does this signify? To the uninitiated, what difference does it make if they are Bengalis or Rohingyas? Are they not from Burma? In Burmese politics, however, it makes a world of difference..."
Source/publisher: Euro-Burma Office (EBO Briefing Paper No. 2
Date of publication: 2009-03-26
Date of entry/update: 2009-04-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 48.28 KB
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Title: "Inside News"
Description/subject: 4 issues a year on landmines, forced relocation, Burma army attacks, IDP health, education and many other issues affecting Internally Displaced Karen People.
Source/publisher: Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People (CIDKP)
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-31
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Human Rights Council - 10th Session: Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar -- draft resolution
Description/subject: Adopted without a vote (by consensus)...I saw some reference to a revised version of the text and I am not sure if this is it - Librarian.....For the Webcast of the debate, go to http://www.un.org/webcast/unhrc/archive.asp?go=010 go to 27 March and scroll down or search for L.28 -- last item in the morning session.
Source/publisher: United Nations Human Rights Council (A/HRC/10/L.28)
Date of publication: 2009-03-27
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-30
Type: Individual Documents
Language: Arabic, Chinese, English, Espanol, Francais, Russian
Format : pdf
Size: 29.22 KB
Local URL: PDF icon A_HRC_10_L_28.pdf
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Title: Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Opinion No. 46/2008 concerning Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi
Description/subject: "...(a) The Working Group confirms its previous Opinions (Opinion Nos. 8/1992, 2/2002, 9/2004 and 2/2007), declaring Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi?s placement under house 4 arrest as arbitrary, being in contravention of Articles 9, 10 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (b) The Working Group considers that the further extension of Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi?s placement under house arrest by administrative way is arbitrary as it violates the rights and fundamental .freedoms, established in articles 9, 10 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and even domestic law, particularly the State Protection Law 1975, which itself contradicts to the basic principles and norms of modern international law. Violations of Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi?s liberty fell under categories I, II and III of the categories applicable to the cases submitted to the Working Group of Arbitrary Detention..."..... This is a draft version of the Opinion -- no doubt minor changes of spelling etc. will be made in the final version.
Source/publisher: United Nations (Working Group on Arbitrary Detention)
Date of publication: 2008-11-28
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-24
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 31.98 KB
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Title: Human Rights Council (10th Session): Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (video)
Description/subject: If the video does not open with a left click, right click and open in a new window.
Mr. Thomas Ojea Quintana
Source/publisher: United Nations (A/HRC/10/19, A/HRC/10/NGO/37, A/HRC/10/NGO/38)
Date of publication: 2009-03-17
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-17
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Human Rights Council - 10th Session: Report of the Special Rapporteur on Myanmar
Description/subject: Summary: "The present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 8/14, mainly covers human rights developments in Myanmar since the Special Rapporteur's interim report submitted to the General Assembly (A/63/341). The Special Rapporteur has travelled twice to Myanmar and has established constructive working relations with its Government. He would like to thank the Government for its hospitality and cooperation during the missions and also in discharging his mandate. In the report, the Special Rapporteur elaborates on issues relating to the protection of human rights. In particular, he concentrates on the situation of prisoners of conscience, their right to a fair trial and due process of law and conditions of their detention; as well as freedom of expression, assembly and association in the context of the upcoming elections in 2010. He reviews internal conflicts with regard to international humanitarian law and protection of civilians and issues of discrimination and the need for humanitarian assistance. The Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendation of four core human rights elements: a review of national legislation in accordance with the new Constitution and international obligations; the progressive release of prisoners of conscience; training for the armed forces to ensure respect for international human rights and humanitarian law; and the establishment of an independent and impartial judiciary. Since Myanmar is party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women only, the Special Rapporteur strongly recommends that it accede to the other core international human rights instruments."
Source/publisher: United Nations (A-HRC-10-19)
Date of publication: 2009-03-11
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-17
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Free Burma
Description/subject: JOIN THE CAMPAIGN: There are over 2,100 political prisoners languishing in prisons all over Burma. Free Burma?s Political Prisoners Now aims to collect 888,888 signatures before 24 May 2009, the legal date that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi should be released from house arrest. This is a united global campaign working with over a hundred groups from around the globe. The petition calls on UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to make it his personal priority to secure the release of all political prisoners in Burma, as the essential first step towards democracy in the country... HERE?S WHAT YOU CAN DO! 1. Sign the Petition... 2. Get your friends, families, and colleagues to sign. (Join our pages on Facebook and Youtube as well)... 3. Download the campaign kit (to the left) and get those in your community involved. Tell them about the situation in Burma and the courageous actions of Burma?s political prisoners... 4. Tell the FBPPN Campaign Committee what you are doing so that we can share with others about the global movement for Burma?s political prisoners. Email [email protected]... WHY THIS CAMPAIGN IS SO IMPORTANT: Daw Aung Suu Kyi says, ?We are all prisoners in our own country.” Political prisoners are not criminals. They have courageously spoken out on behalf of those who have been silenced. The release of all political prisoners is the essential first step towards freedom and democracy in Burma. There can be no democratic transition without them. They must be allowed to freely participate in any future democratic political process.
Source/publisher: Free Burma
Date of publication: 2009-03-13
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-13
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Burma's Rohingyas in flight and the solutions to their plight
Description/subject: "...This group is currently of great interest to the international community, because they are primarily a Muslim minority originating in theArakan (or Rakhine) state of Burma with a particularly challenging history. Their outflow has, for a long time, been the result of a situation of great ambivalence in that country of origin where they are, in reality, treated as outcasts. Even though historically they have been there for many generations, their ethnicity was not adequately recognised at the time of Burma's independence. Even today, while the authorities there seem to be willing to recognise over one hundred ethnic groups in the country, they do not recognise Rohingyas as a legitimate group in that list. The past three decades have witnessed various disturbing facts which should help to inform the need for a balanced policy, nationally, regionally and internationally, concerning the group. They are not allowed to move freely in Burma. They are not allowed to marry without permission. They are impeded from accessing schools and other services. They are extremely poor and are marginalised politically and economically. They suffer from the uncertainties of being a stateless people. In effect, the Rohingyas are persecuted by a regime which instrumentalises Buddhism for political ends and plays on the fear of Islam. These factors thus provide for a scenario of explicit and implicit persecution of the group which, for lack of national protection, requires international protection. While they may at times fit into the category of economic migrants in their exodus, the likelihood is that concurrently, they are also refugees ("persons with a well-founded fear of persecution," according to the international definition of "refugee") - given the oppressive background that shapes their existence..."
Vitit Muntarbhorn
Source/publisher: "Bangkok Post"
Date of publication: 2009-03-11
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-11
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 109.81 KB
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Title: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT BURMA AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Description/subject: "The backdrop of a Security Council referral under Chapter VII to the ICC are the ongoing systematic crimes against the people of Burma, including but not limited to extrajudicial killings, rape and other forms of sexual violence persistently carried out by members of the military regime. These crimes have been documented in all 31 United Nations Resolutions on Burma and in the reports of all 8 United Nations Envoys, which called upon the regime to end impunity. Yet, the military regime has ignored United Nations recommendations most of which include a call for an independent investigation of crimes such as the Depayin massacre, the monks killed in October 2007, the rapes by the military of ethnic women and have called for an end to the arbitrary jailing of Aung San Sui Kyi. Further, because the people of Burma have no access to a suitable judicial system, the ICC is the only avenue for bringing offenders to justice. In Burma there is no separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches of government. In fact, the junta uses the judiciary as one of its key weapons to commit crimes. For example, in November 2008, certain judges acting under the orders of Chief Justice U Aung Toe and Senior General Than Shwe convicted 280 political activists and issued sentences ranging from 4 to 104 years in prison.i The judges did not allow defendants to question prosecution witnesses, many defendants did not have legal representation and those that did were not permitted to meet with their lawyers in private. United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Burma, Tomás Ojea Quintana said in reference to these convictions that, ?There is no independent and impartial judiciary system [in Burma].”ii The ICC was created to intervene in situations when the countries themselves are unable or unwilling to investigate or prosecute. Under the current conditions in Burma, one would be hard pressed to argue that the judiciary is at all capable of prosecuting those responsible for the atrocities perpetrated by the regime..."
Source/publisher: Burma Lawyers' Council, Global Justice Center
Date of publication: 2009-02-28
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-10
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 99.22 KB
Local URL: PDF icon BLC-ICC-FAQ.pdf
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Title: Comment on the ?Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan? (PONREPP)
Description/subject: "On February 9, 2009, the Tripartite Core Group (TCG) released its latest report on reconstruction efforts in Burma in the wake of Cyclone Nargis. The TCG, which is comprised of representatives of the Government of the Union of Myanmar, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the UN, was established in May 2008 as the body to coordinate relief efforts. In July 2008 it produced the ‘Post-Nargis Joint Assessment? (PONJA) report into the damage wrought by the cyclone, and subsequent periodic reviews. PONREPP is meant to be the capstone of these efforts, and the TCG?s vision – not just of post-Nargis reconstruction – but of Burma?s medium term economic development. Seen in the light of these ambitions, it is unfortunate that PONREPP is a deeply disappointing document. Written as if the advances made in the last four decades as to ‘what works and what does not? in terms of economic development had not occurred, it is a throwback to the top-down, state-driven, planning mindset that, in the 1950s and 60s, condemned countless developing countries to stagnation and retreat. In PONREPP the private sector is notable largely by its absence – this primary driver of economic development subsumed by local authorities of dubious standing, the ministrations of local and international NGOs and, above all, by the state and its agencies. In short, the recommendations set out in PONREPP would condemn Burma, in the view of BEW, to a continuation of the policies and programmes that have impoverished this once prosperous and hopeful country. We will review PONREPP in detail in a future document but, briefly stated, our conclusions above are informed by some of the following:..."
Sean Turnell, Wylie Bradford, Alison Vicary
Source/publisher: Burma Economic Watch
Date of publication: 2009-03-03
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-08
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 90.9 KB
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Title: Securitizing border-crossing: The case of marginalized stateless minorities in the Thai-Burma Borderlands
Description/subject: Abstract: This paper examines the securitization process of unauthorised migration in Thailand, in particular how the cross-border flows of marginalised minorities, the so-called ?hill tribes? came to be seen as an ?existential threat? to Thai national identity by the state. The paper aims to present a case of societal security by highlighting the importance of national identity. It intends to explore the reasons for portraying cross-border mobility of border minorities as existential threats to the integrity of the Thai state. More specifically, it will investigate the motives of the securitising actor, the Thai state ? and examine why the issue evoked security concerns in the wake of the 1997 economic crisis and the way ?emergency measures? were introduced. This paper will illustrate the importance of ethnocized discourses on national identity by broadening the traditional security studies? framework on states and political-military competition at the borderlands.
Mika Toyota
Source/publisher: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies Singapore (Working Paper 102)
Date of publication: 2005-12-31
Date of entry/update: 2009-03-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: BURMA SINCE THE 1988 UPRISING: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Description/subject: "...The following list represents a selection of books, monographs and reports devoted to Burma that has been published (or republished) over the past 20 years. All have been personally sighted and the relevant details verified. The list is not intended to be exhaustive — either in its listings or in its coverage — although an attempt has been made to include publications representing all the main subject areas and political viewpoints. No specific claims are made regarding the academic or literary merit of any of those publications listed. Rather, this selection is intended simply to highlight a range of publications on Burma which have appeared since 1988 and which may be of interest to both the scholar and general reader. Those who wish to pursue the subjects covered below are also advised to consult the growing literature on Burma in academic and professional journals..."
Andrew Selth
Source/publisher: Andrew Selth
Date of publication: 2008-12-31
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-27
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 209.51 KB
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Title: "The Mon Forum" No. 2/2009 (February 2009)
Description/subject: News: (1) Mons worldwide celebrate national day; Burmese regime censors their speech... (2) Villagers forced to pay for concert... (3) Government-appointed headman stealing resources meant for school repairs..... Commentary: Regime still fails to improve human rights before the 2010 election..... Report: Living on a one-way ticket: self-reliance in the Mon resettlement sites:- I. Introduction...II. Background... A. Factors motivating displacement: a. Interrogation, assault and summary execution; b. Travel restrictions, forced relocation and surveillance; c. Punitive taxation, quotas, land seizure and looting; d. Forced labor, including conscription of porters and human minesweepers for military operations...B. Resettlement sites and ?returned refugees”...III. Returned refugees livelihoods A. MRDC support and ?self reliance”...B. Factors under-mining self reliance 1. Limited space for agriculture...Map of resettlement sites in NMSP controlled areas near the Thai Burma border...2. Security...3. Few non-agricultural jobs...IV. Conclusion.
Source/publisher: Human Rights Foundation of Monland (HURFOM)
Date of publication: 2009-02-28
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-26
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 458 KB
Local URL: PDF icon MF2009-02.pdf
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Title: US State Dept. - Burma: Country Report on Human Rights Practices - 2008
Description/subject: Events of 2008..."Burma, with an estimated population of 54 million, is ruled by a highly authoritarian military regime dominated by the majority ethnic Burman group. The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), led by Senior General Than Shwe, was the country's de facto government. Military officers wielded the ultimate authority at each level of government. In 1990 prodemocracy parties won more than 80 percent of the seats in a general parliamentary election, but the regime continued to ignore the results. The military government controlled the security forces without civilian oversight. The regime continued to abridge the right of citizens to change their government and committed other severe human rights abuses. Government security forces allowed custodial deaths to occur and committed other extrajudicial killings, disappearances, rape, and torture. The government detained civic activists indefinitely and without charges. In addition regime-sponsored mass-member organizations engaged in harassment, abuse, and detention of human rights and prodemocracy activists. The government abused prisoners and detainees, held persons in harsh and life-threatening conditions, routinely used incommunicado detention, and imprisoned citizens arbitrarily for political motives. The army continued its attacks on ethnic minority villagers. Aung San Suu Kyi, general secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD), and NLD Vice-Chairman Tin Oo remained under house arrest. The government routinely infringed on citizens' privacy and restricted freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, religion, and movement. The government did not allow domestic human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to function independently, and international NGOs encountered a difficult environment. Violence and societal discrimination against women continued, as did recruitment of child soldiers, discrimination against ethnic minorities, and trafficking in persons, particularly of women and girls. Workers' rights remained restricted. Forced labor, including that of children, also persisted. The government took no significant actions to prosecute or punish those responsible for human rights abuses. Ethnic armed groups allegedly committed human rights abuses, including forced labor. Some cease-fire groups reportedly committed abuses. Armed insurgent groups and cease-fire groups also recruited child soldiers..."
Source/publisher: US State Dept, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Date of publication: 2009-02-25
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-26
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: World Health Organisation -- Myanmar page
Description/subject: OVERVIEW: - Country cooperation strategy - International travel and health PARTNERS: - Collaborating centres... OUTBREAKS AND CRISES: - Emergencies... - Disease outbreaks... MORTALITY AND BURDEN OF DISEASE: - Mortality profile... - HIV/AIDS treatment... - Malaria... - Tuberculosis... - TB prevalence and incidence... - HIV prevalence... - HIV/AIDS epidemiological fact sheet... HEALTH SERVICE COVERAGE: - Immunization profile... RISK FACTORS: - Chronic diseases... - Anaemia... - Child malnutrition... - Access to water, sanitation... - Alcohol, tobacco consumption... - Undernutrition and overweight... HEALTH SYSTEMS: - Health workforce... - Health financing.
Source/publisher: World Health Organisation
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-24
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Myanmar: Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS -- Core data on epidemiology and response
Description/subject: Indicators, estimates (disaggregated), demographic and socio-economic data, HIV sentinel surveillance prevalence tables and maps, Health services and care indicators, ARV data, prevention indicators, HIV surveillance prevalence by site (1990-2006)...
Source/publisher: UNAIDS
Date of publication: 2009-02-18
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-24
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Collected reports to the Human Rights Council and Commission on Human Rights by the Special Rapporteurs on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar
Description/subject: All the reports from 1993 in one document..."Basic starting points for an assessment of human rights conditions in Burma/Myanmar are the UN resolutions on the situation of human rights in Myanmar and the body of reports submitted since 1992 to the UN General Assembly and Commission on Human Rights (since 2006, to the Human Rights Council) by the UN Special Rapporteurs on Myanmar. Special Rapporteurs are independent experts appointed by the Commission on Human Rights/Human Rights Council to examine and report on particular human rights themes or on the situation of human rights in particular countries. Country Special Rapporteurs are only appointed to examine the most serious human rights situations. The Commission appointed Professor Yozo Yokota as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar in 1992 following two years when Burma/Myanmar had been examined by the Commission under its 1503 (confidential) procedure. He was succeeded in 1996 by Judge Rajsoomer Lallah, who was followed in 2000 by Professor Paolo Sergio Pinheiro. In May 2008, Sr Tomás Ojea Quintana assumed the mandate. Not only are the reports of the Special Rapporteur the most authoritative general reports on the human rights situation in Burma/Myanmar, including analysis of the legal framework governing the exercise of human rights in the country, but they also contain an abundance of summaries of testimonies gathered by the Special Rapporteurs since 1992 as well as the responses of the Government of Myanmar to specific allegations. By reading/searching the reports as a body it is thus possible to see the patterns of violations over a number of years, to assess the degree to which they are systematic, widespread and persistent over time, to track particular themes from 1992 (e.g. killings, rape, torture, forced relocation, forced labour, responses to HIV) but also to inquire whether there has been any development, positive or negative, since the United Nations human rights bodies began their examination of the situation..." ...See also the parallel collection of reports to the UN General Assembly
Professor Yozo Yokota, Judge Rajsoomer Lallah, Professor Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, Sr Tomás Ojea Quintana
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-21
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1.4 MB
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Title: Collected reports to the UN General Assembly by the Special Rapporteurs on the situation of human rights in Myanmar
Description/subject: All the reports from 1992 in one document. "...All the reports from 1993 in one document."Basic starting points for an assessment of human rights conditions in Burma/Myanmar are the UN resolutions on the situation of human rights in Myanmar and the body of reports submitted since 1992 to the UN General Assembly and Commission on Human Rights/Human Rights Council by the UN Special Rapporteurs on Myanmar. Special Rapporteurs are independent experts appointed by the Commission on Human Rights (and the Human Rights Council which replaced the Commission in 2006) to examine and report on particular human rights themes or on the situation of human rights in particular countries. Country Special Rapporteurs are only appointed to examine the most serious human rights situations. The Commission appointed Professor Yozo Yokota as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar in 1992 following two years when Burma/Myanmar had been examined by the Commission under its 1503 (confidential) procedure. He was succeeded in 1996 by Judge Rajsoomer Lallah, who was followed in 2000 by Professor Paolo Sergio Pinheiro followed, in 2008, by Sr Tomás Ojea Quintana. Not only are the reports of the Special Rapporteur the most authoritative general reports on the human rights situation in Burma/Myanmar, including analysis of the legal framework governing the exercise of human rights in the country, but they also contain an abundance of summaries of testimonies gathered by the Special Rapporteurs since 1993 as well as the responses of the Government of Myanmar to specific allegations. By reading or searching the reports as a body it is thus possible to see the patterns of violations over a number of years, to assess the degree to which they are systematic, widespread and persistent over time, to track particular themes (e.g. killings, rape, torture, forced relocation, forced labour) but also to inquire whether there has been any development, positive or negative, since the United Nations human rights bodies began their examination of the situation..." See also the parallel collection of reports to the Commission on Human Rights/Human Rights Council.
Professor Yozo Yokota, Judge Rajsoomer Lallah, Professor Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, Tomás Ojea Quintana
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-20
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1.51 MB
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Title: Euro-Burma Office
Description/subject: "Working to promote democracy in Burma... The work of the EBO is: 1. To help the Burmese democracy movement prepare for a transition to democracy; 2. To keep the international community informed about the situation in Burma..." News archive from July 2007.
Source/publisher: Euro-Burma Office
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-18
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English. News in: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish
Local URL:
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Title: Myanmar: States/Divisions & Townships Overview Map
Description/subject: Myanmar Standardized Place Names and P-codes: In Myanmar there has long been confusion with multiple versions of transliterated place names in use by various agencies. The Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) has taken on the task of overseeing a comprehensive translation of place names into a common system that is promoted by IASC members and other organizations. In addition to standard place names, standard place codes have also been developed....The methodology applied for place name standardization was as follows: The names and p-codes of States/Divisions, Districts and Townships were provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Settlement and Land Records Department (SLRD). In 2005 those names were presented to and agreed by UNCT and INGOs as the standard English translation for Myanmar.... The names for village tracts and villages were provided in Myanmar language by the Ministry of Home Affairs, General Administration Department (GAD). Names were translated/transliterated to English by a team supervised by the MIMU. The names were also cross-referenced with the SLRD names and the names in use by various UN Agencies and NGOs. Kachin, Chin and Shan names (i.e. non-Burmese names) were reviewed by local experts in the field. The final translation was completed in 2007....What are P-codes? P-code is an abbreviated term for 'Place Code'. P-codes are similar to postal codes and are part of a data management system that provides unique reference codes to thousands of locations in Myanmar. These codes provide a systematic means of linking and exchanging data and analyzing relationships between them. Any information that is linked to one location with a P-code can be linked and analyzed with any other. In Myanmar, the p-code for rural places is structured as follows:...
Source/publisher: Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) of IASC
Date of publication: 2007-11-30
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-13
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1013.92 KB
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Title: Myanmar envoy brands boat people 'ugly as ogres'
Description/subject: HONG KONG (AFP) "Myanmar's senior official in Hong Kong has described the Rohingya people as "ugly as ogres" in a letter sent to media and foreign officials after a high-profile refugee case highlighted their plight. The country's Consul General Ye Myint Aung told heads of foreign missions in Hong Kong and local newspapers members of the Muslim ethnic group should not be described as being from Myanmar. "In reality, Rohingya are neither Myanmar people nor Myanmar's ethnic group," he wrote, in a letter seen by AFP on Wednesday..."
Source/publisher: AFP
Date of publication: 2009-02-11
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-13
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Youth Voice - Free Voice For Youth (video)
Description/subject: "Youth Voice is a program for youth between 10 and 15 in and outside Burma. The independent news program is produced by the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB) with help from Free Voice" ... Video archive of the DVB bi-weekly broadcast for children (since August 2008)
Source/publisher: Democratic Voice of Burma
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-31
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: Burmese
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Title: ISSUES TO BE RAISED CONCERNING THE SITUATION OF STATELESS ROHINGYA WOMEN IN MYANMAR (BURMA)
Description/subject: SUBMISSION TO THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) For the Examination of the combined 2nd and 3rd periodic State party Reports (CEDAW/C/MMR/3) -MYANMAR-....."...Rohingya women and girls suffer from the devastating consequences of brutal government policies implemented against their minority group but also from socio-religious norms imposed on them by their community, the combined impact of which dramatically impinges on their physical and mental well-being, with long-term effects on their development. a) State-sponsored persecution: The 1982 Citizenship Law renders the Rohingya stateless, thereby supporting arbitrary and discriminatory measures against them. Their freedom of movement is severely limited; they are barred from government employment; marriage restrictions are imposed on them; they are disproportionately subject to forced labour, extortion and other coercive measures. Public services such as health and education are appallingly neglected. Illiteracy is estimated at 80%. The compounded impact of these human right violations also results in household impoverishment and food insecurity, increasing the vulnerability of women and children....Rohingya women and girls are also subject to serious gender-based restrictions due to societal attitudes and conservative interpretation of religious norms in their male-dominated community. The birth of a son is always favoured. Girls? education is not valued and they are invariably taken out of school at puberty. Women and adolescent girls are usually confined to their homes and discouraged from participating in the economic sphere. They are systematically excluded from decision-making in community matters. Divorced women and widows are looked down upon, exposed to sexual violence and abandoned with little community support..."
Chris Lewa
Source/publisher: The Arakan Project
Date of publication: 2008-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-30
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 175.56 KB
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Title: "Myanmar" from drop-down menu on Refworld
Source/publisher: UNHCR
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-29
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, French
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Title: Refworld
Description/subject: A substantial set of documents on refugees...Use the Country drop-down menu or search.
Source/publisher: UNHCR
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-29
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Title: Operational Plan, 2008-2010 [Costed] of the Myanmar National Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS
Description/subject: "The Costed Operational Plan for the National Strategic Plan is now available. It is a vital reference document" (HIM)..."The National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS 2006-2010 provides the strategic framework of action including priority setting for resource allocation. The associated operational plan specifies the agreed targets and the costs for each of the 13 strategic directions of the National Strategic Plan. The plan intends to guide the implementation of all HIV related activities and services in the country. It addresses all stakeholders from all constituencies. The Operational Plan 2008-2010 is composed of the following elements: 1. detailed strategic directions 1 to 13 including the following elements: a. indicators with targets b. summary of progress, resource needs and future priorities c. costed package of services, costs per year and cost component as well as total costs d. geographical priorities where available 2. a summary budget including expected funding available and gaps in funding 3. the complete monitoring framework, including baseline data, and targets by year. This Operational Plan is in an achievement of the Technical and Strategy Group for HIV and AIDS (TSG) and its associated Working Groups: 1. Care, treatment and support working group 2. Drug users working group 3. Executive working group 4. Mobile populations working group 5. Orphans and vulnerable children working group 6. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission working group 7. Sexual transmission working group (Sex workers and men who have sex with men) 8. Youth working group Furthermore, a peer review of the Operational Plan by the AIDS Strategy and Action Plan (ASAP ? hosted by the World Bank on behalf of UNAIDS) provided useful comments for improvement of the structure and content of the plan. The reviewers found the operational plan among the best they had seen. Some of the shortcomings that have been communicated and subsequently addressed are: • the governance structure is explained • the monitoring and evaluation framework and the costing parts have been aligned • the business plan has been reviewed and inconsistencies addressed • the targets have been reviewed and adapted in the context of past achievements, continuing constraints and arising opportunities • costing has been reviewed extensively by the working groups The operational plan does not include specific activities, since it is intended to provide broad guidance to the implementers. Likewise, the national, annual targets express approximately the cumulative national implementation capacity. These fall in many cases short of targets that would be set under an Universal Access scenario. This reflects the particular funding situation of Myanmar where funding constraints are an overwhelming challenge to scale up..."
Source/publisher: Ministry of Health, Union of Myanmar
Date of publication: 2008-12-31
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-27
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1.14 MB
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Title: The Geology of Burma (Myanmar): An Annotated Bibliography of Burma?s Geology, Geography and Earth Science.
Description/subject: ABSTRACT: A bibliography on Burma prepared by the Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) to assist with humanitarian efforts offered by the US Government after the devastating Cyclone Nargis hit Burma on May 2, 2008. As such, this bibliography covers items of interest to disaster engineers and emergency planners, including citations on topography, transportation, water, medical concerns, and security.
R. Lee Hadden
Source/publisher: Topographic Engineering Center, US Army Corps of Engineers
Date of publication: 2008-08-31
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-26
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Network Myanmar
Description/subject: Very useful site with many documents, under the categories of: Aid... Business... Culture... Economy... Ethnic Issues... Fact Sheets... Health... Opinion... Political Database... Press Releases... Travel......Tends to be pro-engagement and anti-sanctions.
Source/publisher: Network Myanmar via Archive.org
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-25
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: "Asia Times"
Description/subject: Good articles on Burma, including strategic and political analyses... 12,000 results for a local search for "Myanmar" (August 2017); 8,270 results for a Google site-specific search ( August 2017)
Source/publisher: "Asia Times"
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-25
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English and Chinese
Local URL:
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Title: Ashley South: Publications on Burma
Description/subject: List of published books and links to more than 20 online documents, mostly on the Mon, the Karen and internal displacement in Burma/Myanmar ....."Ashley South is an independent writer and consultant, specialising in humanitarian and political issues in Burma/Myanmar and Southeast Asia."
Source/publisher: Ashley South
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-24
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Title: "Humanitarian Exchange" Issue 41, December 2008 -- on the humanitarian situation in Myanmar
Description/subject: The Cyclone Nargis response in Myanmar:- Negotiating humanitarian access to cyclone-affected areas of Myanmar: a review (Julie Belanger mand Richard Horsey)... ASEAN?s role in the Cyclone Nargis response: implications, lessons and opportunities Yves-Kim Creac?h and Lilianne Fan)... The Village Tract Assessment in Myanmar, July 2008: lessons and implications (Richard Blewitt, Yves-Kim Creac?h, Adelina Kamal, Puji Pujiono and Yohannah Wegerdt)... Nargis and beyond: a choice between sensationalism and politicised inaction? (Phillip Humphris, MSF Switzerland)... Responding to Cyclone Nargis: key lessons from Merlin?s experience (Fiona Campbell, Muhammad Shafique and Paula Sansom, Merlin)... HAP and Sphere focal points in Myanmar: early lessons (Erik Johnson, DanChurchAid)... Support to local initiatives in the Nargis response: a fringe versus mainstream approach (Kerren Hedlund and Daw Myint Su)... Helping the heroes: practical lessons from an attempt to support a civil society emergency response after Nargis (ATP staff)... HIV programming in Myanmar (Population Services International Myanmar, Save the Children and the UN Joint Team on AIDS in Myanmar)... Protracted crisis in eastern Burma (Thailand Burma Border Consortium)... Anti-personnel landmines in Myanmar: a cause of displacement and an obstacle to return (Yeshua Moser-Puangsuwan, International Campaign to Ban Landmines)...... Practice and policy notes: 35 Targeting humanitarian assistance in DRC 39 Does humanitarian space exist in Chad? 41 Aravanis: voiceless victims of the tsunami 43 Including chronic disease care in emergency responses 46 MSF and accountability: from global buzzwords to specific solutions 49 In praise of dependency
Source/publisher: Humanitarian Practice Network (HPN)
Date of publication: 2008-11-30
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-14
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Histories of Burma with Thant Myint-U (video)
Description/subject: For nearly two decades Western governments and a growing activist community have been frustrated in their attempts to bring about a freer and more democratic Burma - through sanctions and tourist boycotts - only to see an apparent slide toward even harsher dictatorship. But what do we really know about Burma and its history and its struggles? In his new book, "The River of Lost Footsteps", Thant Myint-U tells the story of modern Burma, in part through a telling of his own family's history. His maternal grandfather, U Thant, rose from being the schoolmaster of a small town in Burma to become the UN secretary-general in the 1960s. Through their stories and others, he portrays Burma's rise and decline in the modern world, from the time of Portuguese pirates and renegade Mughal princes through the decades of British colonialism, and a sixty-year civil war that continues today and is the longest-running war anywhere in the world. The World Affairs Council was founded in 1947 out of the interest generated by the founding of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945. With over 10,000 members, they are the largest international affairs organization on the west coast."
Thant Myint-U
Source/publisher: World Affairs Council via fora.tv
Date of publication: 2007-02-22
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-12
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Playlist of 52 Burma videos on Youtube
Source/publisher: Youtube
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-10
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French
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Title: ParParLay & The Moustache Brothers VideoMix- Mandalay, Burma
Source/publisher: zzzeroX via Youtube
Date of publication: 2007-11-15
Date of entry/update: 2009-01-10
Type: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese
Local URL:
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