Librarian's Choice
အဓိကအကြောင်းအရာ
Description/subject:
موجز
شهدت الفترة التي يغطيها التقرير مرة أخرى حدوث تغييرات هائلة وسريعة
في ميانمار، يمكن أن تؤدي إلى زيادة تحسن حالة حقوق الإنسان في البلد، ولكن اس تمرار
الشواغل الطويلة الأمد أيضا ما زال يشكل مخاطر ﺗﻬدد عملية الإصلاح.
......المحتويات
الصفحة
أولا - مقدمة . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٣
ثانيا - حالة حقوق الإنسان . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٤
ألف - سجناء الضمير . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٥
باء - ظروف احتجاز السجناء ومعاملتهم . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٦
جيم - مسائل أخرى متعلقة بالحقوق المدنية و السياسية . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٧
دال - اﻟﻤﺠتمع المد ني . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٩
هاء - الحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ١٠
ثالثا - حالة الأقليات العرقية . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ١٤
رابعا - الحالة في ولاية راخين . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ١٨
خامسا - الانتقال الديمقراطي وإرساء سيادة القانون . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٢٢
سادسًا - الحقيقة والعدالة والمساءلة . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٢٦
سابعًا - الاستنتاجات . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ٢٧
ثامنًا - التوصيا ت
Source/publisher:
United Nations General Assembly (A/67/383
Date of publication:
2012-09-25
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reports to the GA by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (Arabic)
Language:
Arabic
Format :
pdf
Size:
315.83 KB
Local URL:
UNGA-SRM-A67-383-ar.pdf
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Description/subject:
Résumé:
"La période couverte par le présent rapport a une nouvelle fois été marquée au
Myanmar par des bouleversements profonds et rapides, qui pourraient améliorer la
situation de ce pays au regard des droits de l?homme, mais aussi par la persistance de
problèmes qui se posent depuis longtemps et qui demeurent un facteur de risque pour
le processus de réforme.".....I. Introduction...
II. Situation des droits de l?homme:
A. Prisonniers d?opinion;
B. Conditions de détention et traitement des détenus;
C. Autres questions liées aux droits civils et politiques;
D. Société civile;
E. Droits économiques, sociaux et culturels...
III. Situation des minorités ethniques...
IV. Situation dans l?État de Rakhine...
V. Transition démocratique et instauration de l?état de droit...
VI. Vérité, justice et responsabilité...
VII. Conclusions...
VIII. Recommandations.
Source/publisher:
Nations Unies, Assemblée générale (A/67/383)
Date of publication:
2012-09-25
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
Francais, French
Format :
pdf
Size:
130.03 KB
Local URL:
UNGA-SRM-A67-383-fr.pdf
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Description/subject:
Resumen:
"Durante el período al que se refiere el informe han vuelto a registrarse en
Myanmar rápidos y significativos cambios, que pueden seguir mejorando la situación
de los derechos humanos en el país, aunque la persistencia de problemas que son
motivo de inquietud desde hace tiempo sigue suponiendo un riesgo para el proceso
de reforma."..... Índice:
Página
I. Introducción...
II. Situación de los derechos humanos:
A. Presos de conciencia;
B. Condiciones de detención y tratamiento de los reclusos;
C. Otras cuestiones relativas a los derechos civiles y políticos;
D. Sociedad civil;
E. Derechos económicos, sociales y culturales...
III. Situación de las minorías étnicas...
IV. Situación en el estado de Rakhine...
V. Transición democrática y establecimiento del estado de derecho...
VI. Verdad, justicia y rendición de cuentas...
VII. Conclusiones ...
VIII. Recomendaciones.
Source/publisher:
Naciones Unidas. Asamblea General (A/67/383)
Date of publication:
2012-09-25
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
Espanol, Spanish
Format :
pdf
Size:
213.71 KB
Local URL:
UNGA-SRM-A67-383-sp.pdf
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Description/subject:
Summary: "The reporting period has again seen dramatic and accelerated changes in
Myanmar, which can further improve the country?s human rights situation, but also
the persistence of long-standing concerns that continue to pose risks to the reform
process".....Contents:
I. Introduction ...
II. Human rights situation:
A. Prisoners of conscience;
B. Conditions of detention and treatment of prisoners;
C. Other issues relating to civil and political rights;
D. Civil society;
E. Economic, social and cultural rights...
III. Situation of ethnic minorities...
IV. Situation in Rakhine State...
V. Democratic transition and establishing the rule of law...
VI. Truth, justice and accountability...
VII. Conclusions...
VIII. Recommendations.
Source/publisher:
United Nations General Assembly (A/67/383
Date of publication:
2012-09-25
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reports to the GA by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (English)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
110.52 KB
Local URL:
UNGA-SRM-A67-383-en.pdf
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Description/subject:
"The rights of peaceful assembly and association in Burma are fragile at best. The Burma government has enacted reforms to address this gap in human rights protection. Sadly the reforms are lacking and citizens are regularly denied any semblance of protection in relation to international human rights standards.
The Unlawful Associations Act1 and the NGO Registration Law haven?t been repealed; these remain large obstacles if Burma is to have freedom of assembly and association.
Many organizations are still listed as ?unlawful? and the fact that the law remains in place is an ever-present threat for activists. There have been numerous instances of Kachin people being arrested and detained for suspected, but in no way proven, links to the Kachin Independence Organization. These incidences of ?unlawful association? have only increased with the resumption of armed conflict in Kachin State since June 2011.
The current 1988 NGO Registration Law is overly restrictive and prohibits NGOs? involvement in politics and advocacy for rule of law and good governance. The law also requires NGOs to pay an unrealistic amount, up to 500,000 kyat (around US$550), for registration fees.
Despite the approval by President Thein Sein on 2 December 2011 of the Peaceful Demonstration and Gathering Law, the government of Burma regularly arrests and intimidates peaceful protesters. Both assembly and association are still tightly controlled and restricted.
(This paper was submitted to the Mr. Maina Kiai, the UN Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.)"
Source/publisher:
Burma Partnership
Date of publication:
2012-10-15
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-22
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
Executive Summary: "The growing optimism surrounding Burma?s political and social
transitions has begun to be accompanied by ambitions to resettle
displaced communities along the country?s border with Thailand. As
the notion and its attendant proposals continue to proliferate, it
seems timely to assess how the communities directly affected by this
prospect feel about resettlement. Interviews were conducted with 61
Mon internally displaced people (IDPs) who expressed an array of
views ranging from excitement for better jobs in new locations to
utter refusal for fear of renewed conflict.
Concerns in the IDP community that relocation could lead to a
recurrence of violence or exploitation may seem unfounded to those
flushed with enthusiasm for Burma?s brisk pace of reform. However, it
is precisely because of this rapid shift, after fifty years of a deeply
entrenched system of repression, that many ethnic communities are
unable to abruptly shed their enduring memories of systematic
injustice. Similarly, for people in remote areas, there has not yet been
adequate evidence of improvements to daily life or sufficient trust
built between disparate groups to warrant immediate, broad-based
support.
Importantly, almost all interviewees that addressed resettlement
used ?if? to describe their opinions, explaining that relocation is
attractive only if adequate security, employment, education, and
healthcare services are provided. This highlights fundamental
priorities among IDPs, but also showcases the lack of information
currently granted to internally displaced people. For those that had
heard about relocation, many did not know if it was true, or where
and when they might go, or if it even applied to them.
This incomplete information sharing has led to resettlement
constituting little more than a rumor in IDP sites, and the consequent
anxiety and confusion has been unnecessary and detrimental. The
process needed to develop resettlement programs offers a singular
opportunity to build trust with IDP communities by employing an
inclusive and participatory approach.
The varying opinions and levels of support for resettlement
demonstrated in this report serve as a key indicator that the IDP
community is not a homogeneous group about which conclusions can
be easily or independently reached. Some IDPs reported enjoying new
freedoms and infrastructure projects, while other accounts were
framed by doubt, exhibiting vivid memories of past abuses and few
observations of significant change. In any case, each individual IDP or
IDP family has a unique set of values and experiences that will define
what an agreeable future looks like, and each must be given the
chance to make free, prior, and informed decisions regarding
engagement with resettlement programs.
This report?s primary aim is to amplify the voices of Mon IDPs and
encourage the incorporation of their opinions into the development
of resettlement agendas. We urge that the President Thein Sein
government, the New Mon State Party, and associated international
organizations be directly accountable to IDP populations by respecting
their narratives and promoting full transparency in every stage of the
process. While recent, positive changes may provide compelling
reasons for people to return, they should not completely overwhelm
considerations of why they left."
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Foundation of Monland (HURFOM)
Date of publication:
2012-10-18
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-18
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
"Land grabbing is an urgent concern for people in Tanintharyi Division, and
ultimately one of national and international concern, as tens of thousands of people are being displaced
for the Dawei Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Dawei lies within Myanmar?s (Burma) southernmost
region, the Tanintharyi Division, which borders Mon State to the North, and Thailand to the East, on
territory that connects the Malay Peninsula with mainland Asia. This highly populated and prosperous
region is significant because of its ecologically-diversity and strategic position along the Andaman coast.
Since 2008 the area has been at risk of massive expulsion of people and unprecedented environmental
costs, when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Thai and Myanmar governments,
followed by a MoU between Thai investor Italian-Thai Development Corporation (ITD) (see Box 1) and
Myanma Port Authority, granted ITD access to the Dawei region to build Asia?s newest regional hub.
Thai interest in Dawei is strategic for two reasons. First, the small city happens to be Bangkok?s
nearest gateway to the Andaman Sea, and ultimately to India and the Middle East. Second, the project
links with a broader regional development plan, strategically plugging into the Asian Development
Bank?s (ADB) East-West Economic Corridor, a massive transport and trade network connecting
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam; the Southern Economic Corridor (connecting to Cambodia);
and the North-South Economic Corridor, with rail links to Kunming, China. If all goes as planned,
the Dawei SEZ project, with an estimated infrastructural investment of over USD $50 billion will be
Southeast Asia?s largest industrial complex, complete with a deep seaport, industrial estate (including
large petrochemical industrial complex, heavy industry zone, oil and gas industry, as well as medium
and light industries), and a road/pipeline/rail link that will extend 350 kilometers to Bangkok (via
Kanchanaburi). The project even has its own legal framework, the Dawei Special Economic Zone Law,
drafted in 2011 to ensure the industrial estate is attractive to potential investors..."
Elizabeth Loewen
Source/publisher:
Paung Ku and Transnational Institute (TNI)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-15
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dawei (Tavoy) Special Economic Zone, Tenure insecurity in Burma (including land grabbing), Land confiscation for military, commercial and other purposes, TNI-BCN Project on Ethnic Conflict in Burma
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
"Land grabbing and speculation, which can both manifest in a multitude of forms, are
unfortunate, often-inter-twined, yet common practices in countries undergoing structural
political transition. If unchecked, unregulated, or unintentionally encouraged by the very
governments that replace formerly authoritarian regimes, these two land realities can serve to
undermine democratic reforms, entrench economic and political privilege and seriously harm
the human rights prospects of those affected, in particular internationally recognised housing,
land and property (HLP) rights. Land grabbing and speculation can increase inequality, harm
economic prospects and create conditions where social tensions and even violence may
become inevitable. Unless law and policy explicitly address the negative consequences of
these practices, land grabbing and speculation can erode citizen confidence in government,
reduce incomes and livelihoods and increase poverty and broad declines in a range of vital
social indicators.
And yet, there is nothing inevitable or inherent about the inequitable acquisition and control
of ever-larger quantities of land in fewer and fewer hands. Indeed, governments wishing to
protect the HLP rights of rural and urban dwellers and properly regulate the land acquisition
and transfer process can succeed in reducing the prevalence of both land grabbing and
speculation, improve the human rights prospects of current landholders and ultimately
strengthen both democratic processes and macro-economic perspectives.
It is clear that these issues are affecting Myanmar at the moment, and that it is up to the
Government to take steps to address these problems in a fair, effective and equitable manner
Twelve possible steps that the Government may wish to consider, include:..."
Displacement Solutions
Source/publisher:
Scott Leckie
Date of publication:
2012-06-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-14
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenure insecurity in Burma (including land grabbing), Laws, decrees, bills and regulations relating to land, property and planning (commentary)
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
270.28 KB
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Description/subject:
"Every society clings to a myth by which it lives. Ours
is the myth of economic growth. For the last five
decades the pursuit of growth has been the single
most important policy goal across the world. The
global economy is almost five times the size it was
half a century ago. If it continues to grow at the
same rate the economy will be 80 times that size
by the year 2100.
This extraordinary ramping up of global economic
activity has no historical precedent. It?s totally at
odds with our scientific knowledge of the finite
resource base and the fragile ecology on which
we depend for survival. And it has already been
accompanied by the degradation of an estimated
60% of the world?s ecosystems.
For the most part, we avoid the stark reality
of these numbers. The default assumption is that
– financial crises aside – growth will continue
indefinitely. Not just for the poorest countries, where
a better quality of life is undeniably needed, but
even for the richest nations where the cornucopia
of material wealth adds little to happiness and
is beginning to threaten the foundations of our
wellbeing.
The reasons for this collective blindness are easy
enough to find. The modern economy is structurally
reliant on economic growth for its stability. When
growth falters – as it has done recently – politicians
panic. Businesses struggle to survive. People lose
their jobs and sometimes their homes. A spiral of
recession looms. Questioning growth is deemed to
be the act of lunatics, idealists and revolutionaries.
But question it we must. The myth of growth
has failed us. It has failed the two billion people
who still live on less than $2 a day. It has failed
the fragile ecological systems on which we depend
for survival. It has failed, spectacularly, in its own
terms, to provide economic stability and secure
people?s livelihoods..."
Tim Jackson
Source/publisher:
Sustainable Development Commission
Date of publication:
2008-11-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-14
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
"The current reforms in Burma/Myanmar are worsening land grabs in the country. Since the mid-2000s there has been a spike in land grabs, especially leading up to the 2010 national elections. Military and government authorities have been granting large-scale land concessions to well-connected Burmese companies.
Farmers? protests against land grabs have drawn recent public attention to many high profile cases, such as Yuzana?s Hukawng Valley cassava concession, the Dawei SEZ in Tanintharyi Region near the Thai border, Zaygaba?s industrial development zone outside Yangon, and the current Monywa copper mine expansion in Sagaing Division, among many others. By 2011, over 200 Burmese companies had officially been allocated approximately 2 million acres (nearly 810,000 hectares) for privately held agricultural concessions, mainly for agro-industrial crops such as rubber, palm oil, jatropha (physic nut), cassava and sugarcane.
Land grabs are now set to accelerate due to new government laws that are specifically designed to encourage foreign investments in land. The two new land laws (the Farmlands Law and the Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Law) establish a legal framework to reallocate so-called ?wastelands? to domestic and foreign private investors. Moreover, the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Law and Foreign Investment Law that are being finalized, along with ASEAN-ADB regional infrastructure development plans, will provide new incentives and drivers for land grabbing and further compound the dispossession of local communities from their lands and resources. Land conflicts that are now emerging throughout the country will worsen as foreign companies, supported by foreign governments and International Financial Institutions (IFIs), rush in to profit from Burma/Myanmar?s political and economic transition period..."
Source/publisher:
farmlandgrab.org,. Focus on the Global South et al
Date of publication:
2012-10-09
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-14
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenure insecurity in Burma (including land grabbing), Agricultural land confiscation/grabbing
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description/subject:
"Since President Thein Sein came to power, Burma has been undergoing some limited, yet reversible, democratic reforms. In tandem with these reforms are peace negotiation attempts that started in late 2011 resulting in preliminary ceasefires being signed with most major ethnic non-state armed groups. However, armed clashes continue between the Burma Army and the Kachin Independence Army, as well as with several groups that have signed preliminary ceasefires including the Shan State Army – North, Shan State Army – South, the Karen National Liberation Army and the Ta?ang National Liberation Army.
Due to the lack of political dialogue, little progress has been made in the peace process to date. The process has been one-sided, divisive and has failed to lay solid foundations for sustainable peace. From both civil society and ethnic non-state armed groups, however, the message has been clear: a development agenda cannot be a substitute for a political settlement.
This briefing paper looks at the different peace plans put forward by the government and ethnic non-state armed groups, the need for political dialogue, problematic negotiation processes and ceasefire agreements, continuing human rights violations and serious concerns about peace fund initiatives. It also includes recommendations to the Government of Burma, to ethnic non-state armed groups and to the international community"
Source/publisher:
Burma Partnership
Date of publication:
2012-10-01
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-09
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Peace processes, ceasefires and ceasefire talks (websites, documents, reports and studies)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
170.95 KB
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Description/subject:
"... The two old adversaries, Myanmar and the United States, may have ended up on the same side of the fence in the struggle for power and influence in Southeast Asia. Frictions, and perhaps even hostility, can certainly be expected in future relations between China and Myanmar. And Myanmar will no longer be seen by the United States and elsewhere in the West as a pariah state that has to be condemned and isolated.
Whatever happens, don?t expect relations to be without some unease. Decades of confrontation and mutual suspicion still exist. And a powerful strain in Washington to stand firm on human rights and democracy will complicate matters for Myanmar?s rulers -- who are still uncomfortable and unwilling to relinquish total control. And last of all, there?s China. Myanmar may be pleased that the reliance on a dominant northern neighbor might be lessened shortly, but with so many decades of ties and real, on-the-ground projects underway, the relationship with Beijing isn?t nearly dead yet."
Bertil Lintner
Source/publisher:
"Foreign Policy"
Date of publication:
2011-11-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-08
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
Deep in the wilds of northern Myanmar?s Kachin state a brutal civil war has intensified over the past year between government forces and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA).
People & Power sent filmmakers Jason Motlagh and Steve Sapienza to Myanmar (formerly Burma) to investigate why the conflict rages on, despite the political reforms in the south that have impressed Western governments and investors now lining up to stake their claim in the resource-rich Asian nation.
Jason Motlagh, Steve Sapienza
Source/publisher:
People & Power (Al Jazeera)
Date of publication:
2012-10-04
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-08
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Armed conflict in Kachin State - economic factors associated with the conflict, Armed conflict in Kachin State - displacement and the humanitarian situation, Armed conflict in Kachin State - hostilities, Gold mining and trade
Language:
English, Burmese, Kachin, (English subtitles
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...
FOREWORD...
INTRODUCTION:
Burma bibliographies before
1988;
Burma bibliographies since 1988;
Content and methodology...
THE COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE:
General;
Photography...
GUIDEBOOKS AND DESCRIPTIONS:
General;
Rangoon (Yangon) and Mandalay;
Pagan (Bagan);
Naypyidaw (Nay Pyi Taw)...
TRAVELLERS? ACCOUNTS:
General;
Pre-20th century;
20th and 21st century...
HISTORY:
General;
Pre-20th century;
20th and 21st century;
Second World War...
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, BIOGRAPHIES AND
MEMOIRS:
Colonial era;
Post-independence period;
Aung San Suu Kyi...
POPULATION AND ETHNIC MINORITIES:
Population;
Ethnic minorities...
RELIGIONS, RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
AND RELIGIOUS SITES...
SOCIETY AND HEALTH...
WOMEN...
MIGRANTS, REFUGEES AND DISPLACED
PEOPLE...
NARCOTICS...
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT:
Official publications;
General;
Political change and transition
studies...
HUMAN RIGHTS:
INTERNATIONAL AID...
FOREIGN RELATIONS...
DEFENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY...
LAW AND CONSTITUTIONS...
ECONOMY, INDUSTRY AND TRADE...
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND
FISHERIES...
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL HISTORY...
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE:
Language;
Literature...
CULTURE, ARTS AND CRAFTS...
RECREATION AND HOBBIES...
CUISINE...
BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND RESEARCH
GUIDES...
APPENDIX:
Books to read before visiting
Burma...
INDEX OF NAMES
Andrew Selth
Source/publisher:
Griffith Asia Institute
Date of publication:
2011-11-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-08
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
999.24 KB
Local URL:
Selth-Burma-Bibliography2012-red.pdf
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Description/subject:
"After submitting a detailed comment [MAIN URL] to the US Department of State expressing concern over weak reporting requirements for US companies considering investing in Burma, EarthRights International, Freedom House, Physicians for Human Rights, U.S. Campaign for Burma and United to End Genocide issued the following statement:
?We continue to be deeply concerned by the US government?s decision to lift all remaining sanctions, and allow corporations unrestricted investment access to Burma despite widespread corruption, ongoing human rights violations and a total lack of rule of law. Although US companies will be required to report on their investments, the current requirements lack specificity about enforcement and consequences for non-compliance. Furthermore, existing loopholes enable companies to designate information as ?confidential? as a way to avoid public scrutiny. The US government should take immediate steps to ensure that there is a strong regulatory framework that can effectively promote accountability and transparency..."
Source/publisher:
Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) et al
Date of publication:
2012-10-04
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-07
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Business and Human Rights (Burma/Myanmar-related), Guidelines on investment in Burma/Myanmar, Political, social and economic dimensions of investment in Burma
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
134.6 KB
Local URL:
Joint_Comment-2012-10-04.pdf
Joint_Comment-2012-10-04.pdf more
Description/subject:
"About 60,000 Kachin villagers fleeing Burma Army attacks and persecution, who are sheltering in
Kachin-controlled territory along the China-Burma border, have received almost no international aid since
conflict broke out in June 2011.
Data compiled from local relief groups shows that international aid agencies, including the UN, have
provided only 4% of basic food needs of this displaced population, who have been kept alive almost entirely
by private donations from local and overseas compatriots. Over 2 million US dollars are needed a month for
food.
Lack of official access and fears of aid diversion have been cited by international donors as reasons
for not responding to the crisis. However, well-established mechanisms exist to deliver aid accountably
through local community-based organizations.
Escalating conflict has caused numbers of displaced to triple over the past year, creating an untenable
burden for local communities. International donors must immediately step in to coordinate a large-scale
relief effort to address the needs of these displaced Kachin..."
Source/publisher:
Kachin Women?s Association Thailand (KWAT)
Date of publication:
2012-10-02
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-04
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Internal displacement/forced migration of Kachin, Armed conflict in Kachin State - displacement and the humanitarian situation
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
412.45 KB
Local URL:
from_persecution_to_deprivation.pdf
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Description/subject:
Abstract:
"The new Government of Myanmar has astonished the world since it took office at the end of March 2011 by the
pace and scope of policy changes it has introduced in a country that has underperformed most other Asian countries
for decades. Not a single analyst inside or outside Myanmar before President Thein Sein?s inaugural address
predicted the changes that many now label ?breathtaking.? The global policy community and the media have focused
heavily on the political changes and challenges, giving less attention to the economic changes and challenges
than they probably deserve. This paper focuses on 21 high-priority economic issues facing the Thein Sein
administration in mid-2012.".....Overview...
The Myanmar Economy at the End of the 2011/12 Fiscal Year...
Macroeconomic Issues...
The Primary Product Sectors...
The Energy Sector...
The Financial Sector...
Infrastructure...
State-Owned Enterprises...
Private Sector Development...
International Trade and Investment...
Multilateral, Bilateral and International NGO Aid...
Endnotes
Lex Rieffel
Source/publisher:
Brookings Institution
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-03
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
952.33 KB
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Description/subject:
"After the transition from military government to civilian government in
Burma, most of the people hope that a positive change could take place. If a
genuine and realistic change indeed does take place, then another step in the
repatriation process for the people to resettle to their own land would
definitely follow. However, the arrangements of any refugee?s return should
comply according to the standard of international law.
KRC, as the main supervisory body, represents 7 camps,
approximately 150,000 refugees, and administers all the affairs of the camps?
management and programmes. Thus, KRC has the responsibility to take the
lead on developing any plan for repatriation and for co-ordinating with
organizations such as NGOs/INGOs and CBOs in this process. In this way,
regarding the repatriation, KRC will stand for firstly, the choice of the
individual refugee to make their own decision and secondly, the changes in
Burma need to be legitimately recognized and recommended by the
international communities. Therefore, under the management of KRC - EC,
some conditions required as below have been laid down..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Refugee Committee (KRC)
Date of publication:
2012-10-03
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-03
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Proposed return of Burmese asylum-seekers from Thailand to Burma, Karen Refugee Committee - statements
Language:
Englsh and Karen
Format :
pdf
Size:
98.5 KB
more
Description/subject:
Editorial: On China–Myanmar Relations,
David I. Steinberg...
China–Burma Geopolitical Relations in the Cold War,
Hongwei FAN...
Myanmar in Contemporary Chinese Foreign Policy – Strengthening Common Ground, Managing Differences,
Robert Sutter...
China–Myanmar Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership: A Regional Threat?
Chenyang LI...
China?s Strategic Misjudgement on Myanmar,
Yun SUN...
The Vexing Strategic Tug-of-War over Naypyidaw: ASEAN?s View of the Sino–Burmese Ties,
Pavin Chachavalpongpun...
Burmese Attitude toward Chinese: Portrayal of the Chinese in Contemporary Cultural and Media Works,
Min Zin...
Conference Report: China–Myanmar Relations: The Dilemmas of Mutual Dependence,
Maxwell Harrington...
Chronology of the Myitsone Dam at the Confluence of Rivers above Myitkyina,
Editor?s Appendix...These items are also online separately in OBL
Source/publisher:
Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs Vol. 31, No. 1
Date of publication:
2012-04-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
China-Burma relations
Language:
Local URL:
more
Description/subject:
موجز
٢٣٠ ويغطي الفترة / يقدم هذا التقري ر عملا بالفقرة ٣٢ من قرار الجمعية العامة ٦٦
من آب /أغسطس ٢٠١١ إلى تموز/يوليه ٢٠١٢ . ولقد كانت سنة تميزت بالوعود والتغيير
في ميانمار. فبناء على جهودها الأولية المبذولة في النصف الأول من عام ٢٠١١ ، اتخذت
الحكومة المدنية الجديدة، بقيادة الرئيس ثين سين، تدابير إصلاحية هامة وكبيرة لتوطيد
الديمقراطية من خلال بنا ء المؤسسات الجديدة؛ وسن قوانين جديدة في إطار الجلسات التي
يعقدها فعليا البرلمان الوطني والجمعيات الإقليمية؛ والتواصل مع مختلف اﻟﻤﺠموعات العرقية
لتعزيز السلام والمصالحة الوطنية من خلال عملية ت شاور شاملة للجميع، وتشجيع العودة
الطوعية للمشردين وإعادة توطينهم؛ والإفراج عن أعداد كبيرة من السجناء السياسيين، بمن
فيهم بعض من أبرز الشخصيات؛ واتخاذ تدابير للاضطلاع بإصلاحات اقتصادية ﺗﻬدف إلى
تحويل الاقتصاد الذي يتسم بدرجة كبيرة من المركزية إلى اقتصاد يزداد توجها نحو السوق
ويكون مفتوحا أمام الاستثمار الأجنبي والتجارة الخارجية . وقد أدى تغير البيئة السياسية،
في أعقاب الاجتماع المعقود بين الرئيس ثين سين و داو أونغ سان سو كي في آب /أغسطس
٢٠١١ ، إلى مراجعة قوانين الانتخابات، مما سمح للرابطة الوطنية من أجل الد يمقراطية
باستئناف نشاطها الانتخابي بعد انقطاع دام ما يزيد عن ٢٠ عاما وبالفوز بصورة مقنعة
. ب ٤٣ مقعدا من أصل ٤٥ في الانتخابات الفرعية التي أجريت في ١ نيسان /أبريل ٢٠١٢
كما شهد العام الماضي تغيرا هاما في إطار التعاون القائم بين ميانمار واﻟﻤﺠتمع الدولي . واتفقت
الدول الأعضاء في رابطة أمم جنوب شرق آسيا على أن تستضيف ميانمار مؤتمر القمة الذي
ستعقده الرابطة في عام ٢٠١٤ . وفي الفترة نفسها، أدى استئناف علاقات التعاون الثنائية
الرفيعة المستوى بين ميانمار والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والاتحاد الأوروبي والدول المهتمة
الأخرى إلى حدوث تحولات هامة في سياساﺗﻬا، بما في ذلك استعراض الجزاءات التي تفرضها
على ميانمار أو تعليقها أو رفعها . أما فيما يتعلق بالأم م المتحدة، فقد حدث توسع جديد
في العلاقات أتاح العمل على تطبيع البرامج الخاضعة لقيود وتعزيز التعاون مع مختلف
وكالات الأمم المتح دة دعما للتنمية السياسية والاجتماعية الاقتصادية الشاملة في البلد وتلبية
للاحتياجات الإنسانية. وقد زرتُ ميانمار في الفترة من ٢٩ نيسان/أبريل إلى ١ أيار/مايو
٢٠١٢ ، وكانت تلك الزيارة زيارتي الثالثة إلى البلد كأمين عام للأمم المتحدة.
أولا - مقدمة
٢٣٠ ، الذي طلبت / ١ - يقدم هذا التقرير عملا بالفقرة ٣٢ من قرار الجمعية العامة ٦٦
فيه الجمعية إلى الأمين العام أن يواصل مساعيه الحميدة وأن يتابع مناقشاته مع حكومة
وشعب ميانمار بشأن حالة حقوق الإنسان والإصلاحات الديمقراطية والتنمية وعملية المصالحة
الوطنية؛ وأن يعرض على الحكومة تقديم المساعدة التقنية في هذا الصدد؛ وأن يقدم تقريرا إلى
الجمعية العامة في دورﺗﻬا السابعة والستين وإلى مجلس ح قوق الإنسان عن التقدم المحرز
. في تنفيذ القرا ر. ويغطي التقرير الفترة من آب /أغسطس ٢٠١١ إلى تموز/يوليه ٢٠١٢
وقد صدر تقريران مستقلان عن المقرر الخاص للأمم المتح دة المعني بحالة حقوق الإنسان
.(A/HRC/19/67) وفي آذار/مارس ٢٠١٢ (A/66/365) في ميانمار في أيلول/سبتمبر ٢٠١١
٢ - وأسوة بالسنوات السابقة، ونظرا للطابع المعقد والمتعدد الأبعاد للحالة في ميانمار،
عملت، جنبا إلى جنب مع مستشاري، على إشراك سلطات مي انمار وغيرها من أصحاب
المصلحة المعنيين إشراكا مستمرا في إحراز تقدم تحقيقا لما يلي : (أ) الإفراج عن السجناء
Source/publisher:
A/67/333 الجمعية العامة الأمم المتحدة
Date of publication:
2012-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Arabic
Format :
pdf
Size:
259.68 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
摘要
本报告根据大会第66/230 号决议提交，所涉期为2011 年8 月至2012 年7
月。对于缅甸来说，这是作出承诺和进行变革的非凡的一年。由吴登盛总统领导
的新的文职政府在2011 年上半年所做初步工作的基础上，大刀阔斧地采取了巩
固民主的重大改革措施，即建立新机构；在国民议会和区议会开会期间颁布新法
律；与各族群接触，通过包容性协商、鼓励自愿回返和重新安置流离失所者，促
进和平和民族和解；释放大批政治犯，包括一些最著名人士；采取措施进行经济
改革，以期将一个基本上属于中央集权的经济变成一个对外资和贸易开放的更加
面向市场的经济。2011 年8 月吴登盛总统与昂山素季会见后，政治环境发生了变
化，促使对选举法进行了修订，使全国民主联盟得以在20 多年后重新参加竞选，
并在2012 年4 月1 日的补选中令人信服地在45 个席位中赢得43 席。过去一年，
缅甸与国际社会的交往也发生重大变化。东南亚国家联盟(东盟)成员国同意由缅
甸来主办2014 年东盟首脑会议。同一期间，美利坚合众国、欧洲联盟和其他有
关国家恢复与缅甸的高级双边接触，在政策上实现了重大转变，包括复查、暂停
或解除对缅甸的制裁。与联合国的关系有了新的扩展，从而可以相互协商使受限
制方案恢复正常和与联合国各机构加强合作以支持该国政治和社会经济全面发
展和满足人道主义需求等问题。我于2012 年4 月29 日至5 月1 日访问了缅甸，
这是我以秘书长的身份进行的第三次访问。
一. 导言
1. 本报告根据大会第66/230 号决议第32 段提交，其中大会请秘书长继续进行
斡旋，并继续与缅甸政府和人民讨论人权状况、民主改革、发展和民族和解进程；
为此向缅甸政府提供技术协助；并向大会第六十七届会议以及人权理事会报告该
决议的执行进展。本报告所涉期为2011 年8 月至2012 年7 月。联合国缅甸人权
状况特别报告员单独提交的报告分别于2011 年9 月(A/66/365)和2012 年3 月
(A/HRC/19/67)印发。
2. 鉴于缅甸局势的复杂性和多面性，我同往年一样，与我的顾问们一起力求始
终与缅甸当局和其他相关利益攸关者保持互动，争取在以下各方面取得进展：(a)
释放政治犯；(b) 政府与参与民族和解进程的所有相关各方，包括在议会中有席
位和没有席位的各方进行广泛对话；(c) 为确保建立包容各方和具有公信力的政
治和选举进程创造有利条件；(d) 通过加强联合国与缅甸的伙伴关系，改善社会
经济状况；(e) 缅甸和联合国之间在斡旋进程中的相互接触与合作形式正规化。
据我评估，过去一年缅甸政府在每一个领域取得的进展和采取的步骤，消除了国
内利益攸关方、联合国和国际社会的许多长期关切。
3. 在我们努力实现上述目标和帮助推动该国已经走上的改革之路的过程中，我
的特别顾问应缅甸政府邀请，于2011 年10 月-11 月、2012 年2 月、4 月-5 月和
6 月四次访问缅甸。我在2012 年4 月29 日至5 月1 日访问缅甸之前，于2011
年11 月在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行第四届东南亚国家联盟-联合国首脑会议期间与
吴登盛总统进行了会晤。本报告所述期间，缅甸问题秘书长之友小组举行了两次
会议。第一次是部长级会议，于2011 年9 月27 日大会第六十六届会议期间举行。
第二次会议是在我访问缅甸之前于2012 年4 月23 日在纽约举行。我的特别顾问
在2011 年11 月14 日、2012 年4 月11 日和6 月20 日的三次非正式会议上向大
会主席以及安全理事会汇报了情况。这些情况汇报是在2010 年11 月举行选举后
以及4 月1 日补选中出现重大发展的背景下进行的。记得我还于2012 年5 月9
日在大会向会员国通报了情况。我的特别顾问在2012 年6 月11 日至14 日访问
缅甸后又做了一次情况汇报，他向会员国通报了若开邦的最新事态发展，以及建
设和平议程，这正是他在我第三次访问该国后进行这次后续访问的基础。在一个
局势多变的时期，为努力促进缅甸与国际社会之间更公开地交换意见和增加信
任，2011 年9 月20 日，我的特别顾问协助亚洲协会主办了第一次非正式会议，
出席会议的有外交部长吴温纳貌伦、吴登盛总统咨询委员会两名成员和有关会员
国的官员。
Source/publisher:
联合国 大 会 A/67/333
Date of publication:
2012-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
Chinese
Format :
pdf
Size:
265.72 KB
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Description/subject:
Резюме :
Настоящий доклад представлен в соответствии с пунктом 32 резолю-
ции 66/230 Генеральной Ассамблеи и охватывает период с августа 2011 года
по июль 2012 года. Это был примечательный, многообещающий год для Мьян-
мы, богатый на перемены. Основываясь на первоначальных усилиях первой по-
ловины 2011 года, новое гражданское правительство, возглавляемое президен-
том Тейн Сейном, провело существенные коренные реформы с целью консоли-
дировать демократию путем построения новых институтов; принятия новых за-
конов в ходе активных сессий национального парламента и региональных ас-
самблей; взаимодействия с различными этническими группами с целью содей-
ствовать миру и национальному примирению через всеобъемлющие консульта-
ции; и поощрения добровольного возвращения и расселения перемещенного
населения; освобождения существенного количества политических заключен-
ных, в том числе ряда видных деятелей; и принятия мер по проведению эконо-
мических реформ, целью которых является преобразование в основном центра-
лизованной экономики в развивающуюся рыночную экономику, открытую для
иностранных инвестиций и торговли. Изменение политической обстановки,
произошедшее после встречи президента Тейн Сейна с г-жой Аун Сан Су Чжи в
августе 2011 года, дало возможность пересмотреть законы о выборах, что по-
зволило Национальной лиге за демократию спустя более чем 20 лет вновь при-
нять участие в выборах и убедительно получить 43 из 45 мест по результатам
дополнительных выборов, состоявшихся 1 апреля 2012 года. Прошедший год
также был ознаменован коренными изменениями в отношениях между Мьян-
мой и международным сообществом. Государства — члены Ассоциации госу-
дарств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН) предоставили Мьянме право принимать у себя саммит АСЕАН в 2014 году. В то же время возобновление двусторонних
отношений на высоком уровне между Мьянмой и Соединенными Штатами
Америки, Европейским союзом и другими заинтересованными странами приве-
ло к коренным изменениям в политике этих стран, включая пересмотр, приос-
тановление или отмену их санкций в отношении Мьянмы. Получили дальней-
шее развитие отношения с Организацией Объединенных Наций, что позволило
возобновить нормальные процессы реализации ограниченных программ и
обеспечило более активное сотрудничество с различными учреждениями Орга-
низации в поддержку повсеместного политического и социоэкономического
развития страны и удовлетворения гуманитарных потребностей. Я посетил
Мьянму с визитом с 29 апреля по 1 мая 2012 года — это был мой третий визит в
эту страну в качестве Генерального секретаря.
Source/publisher:
Организация Объединенных Наций Генеральная Ассамблея (A/67/333)
Date of publication:
2012-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Russian
Format :
pdf
Size:
330.93 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
R?sum?:
"Le pr?sent rapport est soumis en application du paragraphe 32 de la r?solution
66/230 de l?Assembl?e g?n?rale et porte sur la p?riode allant d?ao?t 2011 ? juillet
2012. L?ann?e a ?t? marqu?e par des promesses et le changement au Myanmar.
D?veloppant plus avant les efforts initiaux d?ploy?s pendant le premier semestre de
2011, le nouveau Gouvernement civil dirig? par le Pr?sident Thein Sein ? proc?d? ?
des mesures de r?forme spectaculaires et significatives destin?es ? consolider la
d?mocratie gr?ce ? la mise en place de nouvelles institutions et la promulgation de
nouvelles lois ? l?occasion de sessions dynamiques du Parlement national et des
assembl?es r?gionales. Les mesures ont ?t? ?tendues aux divers groupes ethniques
aux fins de la promotion de la paix et de la r?conciliation nationale gr?ce ? des
consultations inclusives et ? la promotion du retour et de la r?installation volontaire
des populations d?plac?es; ? la lib?ration d?un nombre consid?rable de prisonniers
politiques, dont certaines des personnalit?s les plus en vue; et ? des mesures de
r?forme ?conomique visant ? transformer une ?conomie essentiellement centralis?e
en une ?conomie ax?e sur le march? et ouverte aux investissements ?trangers et au
commerce ext?rieur. L??volution de l?environnement politique qui a suivi la
rencontre entre le Pr?sident Thein Sein et Daw Aung San Suu Kyi a abouti ? la
r?vision de la loi ?lectorale, ce qui a permis ? la Ligue nationale pour la d?mocratie
de participer ? nouveau aux ?lections, apr?s plus de 20 ans, et de remporter 43 sur les
45 si?ges pourvus ? l?occasion des ?lections partielles du 1er avril 2012. L?ann?e
derni?re ? ?galement vu un changement majeur dans les relations entre le Myanmar
et la communaut? internationale. Les ?tats membres de l?Association des nations de
l?Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) ont d?cid? que le Myanmar accueillerait le sommet de
l?ASEAN de 2014. Pendant la m?me p?riode, la reprise de contacts bilat?raux de
haut niveau avec les ?tats-Unis, l?Union europ?enne et d?autres pays int?ress?s s?est
sold?e par une modification significative de leur politique, y compris le r?examen, la
suspension ou la lev?e de leurs sanctions contre le Myanmar. Les relations avec
l?Organisation des Nations Unies ont ?t? ?largies, ce qui a permis de normaliser les
programmes pr?c?demment limit?s et de renforcer la coop?ration avec les divers
organismes des Nations Unies ? l?appui du d?veloppement politique et
socio?conomique g?n?ral et de la satisfaction des besoins humanitaires. J?ai visit? le
Myanmar du 29 avril au 1er mai 2012, ma troisi?me visite dans le pays en tant que
Secr?taire g?n?ral."
Source/publisher:
Nations Unies, Assembl?e g?n?rale (A/67/333)
Date of publication:
2012-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
Francais, French
Format :
pdf
Size:
104.23 KB
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Description/subject:
Resumen:
"Este informe se presenta en cumplimiento de lo dispuesto en el p?rrafo 32 de
la resoluci?n 66/230 de la Asamblea General y abarca el per?odo comprendido entre
los meses de agosto de 2011 y de julio 2012. Ha sido un a?o esperanzador y de
cambios notables en Myanmar. Bas?ndose en las iniciativas que hab?a emprendido
en la primera mitad de 2011, el nuevo Gobierno civil encabezado por el Presidente
Thein Sein adopt? profundas y significativas medidas de reforma para consolidar la
democracia, como la creaci?n de nuevas instituciones; la promulgaci?n de nuevas
leyes en sesiones activas del Parlamento nacional y las asambleas legislativas
regionales; el contacto con distintos grupos ?tnicos para promover la paz y la
reconciliaci?n nacional mediante consultas inclusivas y la promoci?n del retorno
voluntario y el reasentamiento de las poblaciones desplazadas; la puesta en libertad
de un n?mero considerable de presos pol?ticos, incluidas algunas de las figuras m?s
prominentes; y la adopci?n de medidas para llevar a cabo reformas econ?micas
destinadas a transformar una econom?a ampliamente centralizada en una econom?a
cada vez m?s orientada al mercado y abierta a las inversiones extranjeras y el
comercio exterior. El cambio de la situaci?n pol?tica producido a ra?z de la reuni?n
entre el Presidente Thein Sein y Daw Aung San Suu Kyi en agosto de 2011 dio lugar
a una revisi?n de la legislaci?n electoral que permiti? que, tras m?s de 20 a?os, la
Liga Nacional para la Democracia se presentara nuevamente a un proceso electoral
y ganara de manera convincente 43 de los 45 esca?os en las elecciones parciales
celebradas el 1 de abril de 2012. En este ?ltimo a?o tambi?n se ha producido un
marcado cambio en las relaciones entre Myanmar y la comunidad internacional. Los
Estados miembros de la Asociaci?n de Naciones de Asia Sudoriental (ASEAN)
decidieron que Myanmar acogiera la cumbre de la ASEAN de 2014. En ese mismo
per?odo, la reanudaci?n de las relaciones bilaterales de alto nivel entre Myanmar y
los Estados Unidos de Am?rica, la Uni?n Europea y otros pa?ses interesados produjo
cambios importantes en sus pol?ticas, incluida la revisi?n, la suspensi?n o el
levantamiento de las sanciones contra Myanmar. Hubo una nueva ampliaci?n de las
relaciones con las Naciones Unidas que permiti? colaborar en la normalizaci?n de
programas restringidos y cooperar en mayor medida con los distintos organismos de
la Organizaci?n a fin de apoyar el desarrollo pol?tico y socioecon?mico integral del
pa?s y atender las necesidades humanitarias. Del 29 de abril al 1 de mayo de 2012
realic? mi tercera visita a Myanmar como Secretario General."
Source/publisher:
Naciones Unidas. Asamblea General (A/67/333)
Date of publication:
2012-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
Espanol, Spanish
Format :
pdf
Size:
187.99 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
Summary:
"The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 32 of General Assembly
resolution 66/230 and covers the period from August 2011 to July 2012. It has been a
remarkable year of promise and change in Myanmar. Building on its initial efforts in
the first half of 2011, the new civilian Government headed by President Thein Sein
undertook dramatic and significant reform measures to consolidate democracy by
building new institutions; enacting new laws in active sessions of the national
parliament and regional assemblies; reaching out to various ethnic groups to promote
peace and national reconciliation through inclusive consultation, and encouraging the
voluntary return and resettlement of displaced populations; releasing significant
numbers of political prisoners, including some of the most prominent figures; and
taking measures to carry out economic reforms aimed at transforming the largely
centralized economy into an increasingly market-oriented one that is open to foreign
investment and trade. The changed political environment, following the meeting
between President Thein Sein and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in August 2011, resulted
in the revision of the electoral laws that has enabled the National League for
Democracy to return to the electoral fold after more than 20 years and to
convincingly win 43 of the 45 seats in the by-election held on 1 April 2012. The past
year has also witnessed a step change in the engagement between Myanmar and the
international community. The member States of the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) agreed to Myanmar?s hosting of the 2014 ASEAN summit. In the
same period, the resumption of high-level bilateral engagement with Myanmar by the
United States of America, the European Union and other interested countries brought
about major shifts in their policies, including the review, suspension or lifting of
their sanctions against Myanmar. With the United Nations, there was a new
expansion in relations that enabled engagement on the normalization of restricted
programmes and greater cooperation with the various agencies of the Organization in
support of the country?s all-round political and socioeconomic development and in
meeting humanitarian needs. I visited Myanmar from 29 April to 1 May 2012, which
was my third visit to the country as Secretary-General."
Source/publisher:
United Nations General Assembly (A/67/333)
Date of publication:
2012-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
90.78 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
Text of the resolution adopted by the PERDANA GLOBAL PEACE FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
?PLIGHT OF THE ROHINGYA: SOLUTIONS?? held on 17 September 2012 in Kuala Lumpur. Also,extracts and summaries of some of the presentations and many photos... "The Conference is divided into 3 sessions which will be moderated by Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Razali Ismail, UN Secretary-
General?s Special Envoy for Myanmar (2000-2005), Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Dr. Mohd. Rais Karim, acting Secretary-General
PERKIM/former Vice Chancellor UPSI) and Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak (former Secretary-General Ministry
of Foreign Affairs Malaysia) for each session respectively.
The speakers are experts and renowned personalities including Mr. Nurul Islam (President of ARNO), Dr. Maung Zarni
(Civil Society and Human Security Unit, LSE), Mr. Jacob Zenn (International Affairs Analyst, Washington DC), Mr.
Benjamin Zawacki (former Researcher of Amnesty International), Mr. Matthew Smith (Human Rights Watch), Mr.
Saiful Huq Omi (Research Consultant, Equal Rights Trust, Bangladesh), Dr. Sriprapha Petcharmesree (Human Rights &
Peace Studies, Mahidol University Thailand and Dr. Abdullah Ahsan, International Movement for Just World (JUST)
Malaysia.
The Conference is attended by participants comprising representatives from the diplomatic corps, international
organisations, parliamentarians, human rights groups, academia, civil society movements, non-governmental
organisations, members of the media, as well as leaders of Rohingya organisations who are based in countries outside
Myanmar.
?It is indeed a collective and united call to action as part from calling upon the Myanmar authorities to acknowledge
and resolve the crisis, UN and international agencies could very well play their part in ensuring their ?responsibility to
protect?, said Norian Mai, Chairman of Perdana Global Peace Foundation in his closing remarks"
Source/publisher:
"Arakan" - Arakan Rohingya Organisation (ARNO)
Date of publication:
2012-09-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-10-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.59 MB
Local URL:
THE_PLIGHT_OF_ROHINGYA-SOLUTION-Rev.pdf
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Description/subject:
"The Government of Myanmar has recently stepped up efforts to strengthen the education
sector, recognizing the vital role of an educated population and workforce as a prerequisite for
sustained economic growth and poverty reduction. This is reflected in the government?s critical
decision in early 2012 to embark on a Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR
2
), as a
basis for more clearly identifying sector challenges, priority areas, and strategic options.
3
The
education sector has made important progress in recent years, perhaps particularly in primary
education (grades 1-5), with the net enrolment ratio (NER) reaching roughly 90% in school year
SY2009/2010.
4
However, progress has lagged in post-primary education (PPE) levels, with NER
estimates for the secondary education subsector (SES) ranging from only 53.0% to 58.3%, and
much lower for technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and the higher education
subsector (HES). Moreover, there is evidence that SES, TVET, and HES face particular
challenges in terms of education quality and subsector management. As Myanmar embarks on
dramatic socioeconomic transformations, these subsectors must play a particularly critical role in
promoting inclusive growth and poverty reduction, meeting rapidly evolving labor market needs,
and rebalancing and equipping the economy to modernize and climb the technological ladder
into higher value-added sectors and successfully enter into the ASEAN Economic Community
(AEC) in 2015 and global markets. Addressing such gaps in access, quality and relevance, and
management is thus a high priority..."
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Secondary education
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
77.14 KB
Local URL:
mya-interim-education.pdf
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Description/subject:
I. INTRODUCTION:
"This economic reform assessment (summary) provides the background to the
identification of issues, constraints, and threats to, as well as the government?s priority reforms
in support of achieving inclusive growth. It focuses on key cross-cutting strategic issues such as
business climate reforms, trade policy liberalization, measures to improve trade facilitation, and
financial sector development. It also touches on the need to implement structural policy reforms
on a sector-by-sector basis."...II. CONTEXT AND STRATEGIC ISSUES: Context; Economic growth performance has been mixed; Structural transformation of the economy has been relatively slow; Long term economic growth has been relatively low; Macroeconomic effects of the resource sector on the non-resource sector; Limited trade integration with global markets; Low investment rate; Underdeveloped financial sector...B. Strategic issues: While the Government has initiated steps towards a more market economy for private
sector to grow and develop, much more needs to be done to improve the environment for
private sector development. At the macroeconomic level the challenge will be to manage the
potentially adverse effects of the resource boom on the competitiveness of the non-resource
sector. At the microeconomic level the challenge will be to advance reforms to reduce
transaction costs of doing business and creating a level playing field between firms, or a
competitive neutral policy environment. This will need to be done through addressing the
complex business licensing system, trade liberalization, measures to improve trade facilitation,
promoting competition in domestic markets, and SME access to business development services
and technology, credit, and skilled labor, and strengthening the institutional framework for SME
policy making; Managing the impact of the resource boom on the growth and development of the
non-resource sector; Business climate reforms; Institutionalizing regulatory review processes; Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) development; Restrictive trade policy and inefficient trade facilitation; Competition policy; State economic enterprises (SEE) reform; Financial sector development...III. GOVERNMENT?S SECTOR POLICY AND PLANNING FRAMEWORK...IV. ADB?S SECTOR EXPERIENCE AND ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description/subject:
Role of Regional Cooperation and Integration in Myanmar?s Development:
1. Myanmar is strategically located in Asia. Having the largest land area in mainland
Southeast Asia, it shares borders with the People?s Republic of China (PRC) on the north and
northeast, Lao PDR and Thailand on the east and southeast, and Bangladesh and India on the
west and northwest. It has a long coastline of around 2,800 km which provides access to sea
routes and deep-sea ports. It has the potential to serve as a land bridge between Southeast and
South Asia, and between Southeast Asia and the PRC. Regional cooperation and integration
(RCI), therefore, provides Myanmar with a great opportunity to secure benefits in terms of
access to regional and global markets, technology, and finance and management expertise. It
can also promote inflows of foreign direct investment which can enable Myanmar to link up with
regional and global supply networks. Besides expanding employment opportunities, RCI can
also help in addressing social and environmental concerns through cooperation with
neighboring countries...II. The GMS Program... III. Myanmar and the GMS Program...IV. GMS Economic Corridors ...V. Myanmar?s Participation in BIMSTEC... VI. Issues facing the GMS Program including Myanmar...VII. RCI Opportunities in Myanmar...
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
General articles and reports on regional and global dynamics, Burma's economic relations with the region
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
106.19 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
A report on the first environmental performance assessment (EPA) conducted in Myanmar. The assessment covers seven environmental concerns: forest resources, biodiversity, land degradation, management of water resources, waste management, air pollution from mobile sources, and climate change....EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: "Like its Greater Mekong Subregion neighbors, Myanmar
has been trying to reconcile the demands of
economic growth with the integrity of its physical
environment and the long-term health of its citizens.
This Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA)
report evaluates the degree of success that national
stakeholders have had in achieving this objective, expressed
in a number of different ways in official policy
documents. The assessment is confined to seven
key environmental concerns, viz., forest resources,
biodiversity, land degradation, management of water
resources, waste management, air pollution from
mobile sources and climate change. The assessment
uses a structure of performance indicators and is
supported by detailed statistical information.
Reinforced by policy and institutional support,
progress has been made towards safeguarding the
forest resources despite evidence of increased pressure
on them during the last three decades. Following
a period of rapid loss between 1975 and 1995,
the forest cover stabilized around 51 per cent at the
turn of the last decade. The expansion of the Permanent
Forest Estate is a strong positive feature. It is
too early to say what the effect of recent
re-orientation of forest management towards
community management and greater attention to
reducing fuelwood consumption has been.
Myanmar?s exceptionally rich biodiversity could not
escape the effect of the pressure on habitats during
the last two decades, in particular the rapid loss
of natural forest in the 1980s (and its continuation to
this day), and loss of mangroves. The authorities?
response has been to expand the protected area
system to about 6.5 per cent of the total land area
by 2004.
Although the country is well endowed with land
suitable for agriculture, it is not immune to different
forms of land degradation. Soil erosion is serious in
the uplands on about 10 per cent of the country?s
cultivated areas. The authorities? land rehabilitation
schemes have not kept pace with new cultivation
by the upland farmers, the trend sustained by high
rates of population growth.
Myanmar is perceived as a low water stress country.
Nonetheless, the dominant role of rice in the cropping
systems and several other factors has made
irrigation a priority concern. The volume of irrigation
water storage capacity has increased 27 times since
1988. Given the continued policy and strategic preference
for more paddies, the pressure on supplying
more water for irrigated farming is set to remain
high in the foreseeable future. Sustained funding of
the irrigation water storage capacity and irrigation
management has made it possible to improve the
percentage of total lands effectively irrigated.
The country has achieved substantial progress in
providing its population with safe drinking water and
Myanmar scores well in comparison to other GMS
countries. In rural areas, access increased from 50%
in 1995 to 74% in 2003. In urban areas the increase
was from 78% in 1995 to 92% in 2003.
Solid waste management in Myanmar presents a
mixed picture of clear improvements in the country?s
two premier cities (Yangon and Mandalay)
combined with stagnating or deteriorating collection and
disposal in other States and Divisions. In Yangon, a
reduced volume of waste per capita has resulted in
an overall decline in the volume of waste generated.
The authorities? greater efforts at collecting the
waste disposal fees are believed to be largely responsible
for this outcome.
Unsystematic and insufficient information on air
quality in Myanmar limits the authorities? and the
public?s knowledge about the principal trends and
the contributions that vehicles make to
atmospheric pollution in the principal cities. What
can be said with a greater degree of confidence is
that the ?vehicle density? has been on the rise in
Yangon and Mandalay. At the same time, it appears
that the fuel consumed per vehicle has been
declining.
The National Commission for Environmental Affairs
(NCEA) is the central body tasked to manage the
environment in concert with sectoral agencies such
as the Ministry of Forestry. Since its establishment NCEA has achieved some progress in integrating
environmental concerns into the economic
development mainstream. This included the
ormulation of the national environmental policy
(1994), and drafting of ?Myanmar Agenda 21? as a
framework for a multi-pronged approach to
sustainable development. However, NCEA requires
more administrative and financial support to further
increase its effectiveness. The enactment of the
draft national environment protection law might be a
key step in that direction."
U Win Myo Thu, U Maung Maung Than
Source/publisher:
Govt of Union of Myanmar (NCEA), ADB, UNEP, ETC,
Date of publication:
2007-12-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
5.13 MB
Local URL:
Myanmar-EPA_Report-2008-red-op.pdf
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Description/subject:
"Myanmar is well endowed with natural resources on which economic development
and people?s livelihoods are largely dependent. Despite the low levels of industrialization and
the relatively low population density, the country?s environment is under threat from both
human activities and climate change. Natural resources and environment status and trends
as documented in Myanmar?s current National Environmental Performance Report 2007-
2010 prepared under ADB?s GMS CEP-BCI
are summarized hereinafter..."
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
64.52 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
A. Progress and Key Challenges:
1. Myanmar ranks 96 out of 146 countries in the 2011 Gender Inequality Index (GII), ahead
of Cambodia and Lao PDR, ranked 99 and 107, respectively.
1
It has achieved gender parity in
education with regard to enrollment ratios of girls and boys in primary and secondary education.
However, disaggregated analysis points to gender disparities in some of the poorest rural
areas.
2
Women in Myanmar enjoy equal rights in inheritance laws and equal marital property
rights in the case of divorce. However, patriarchal cultural values related to women?s roles and
responsibilities still shape familial relationships, contribute to the gendered division of labour and
limit women?s participation in decision making at all levels. Key issues of concern include: high
maternal mortality ratio and insufficient access to reproductive and basic health services; low
levels of women?s participation in public decision making and in the labour market, increasing
HIV among women and lack of reliable and sex-disaggregated data across all sectors which
hampers evidence-based policy and programme interventions. Gender disparities are more
marked in rural areas and amongst some ethnic groups...Education...Health...Water and Sanitation...Electricity...Economic empowerment...Public decision-making ["In Myanmar, only 4% of parliamentary seats are held by
women..."]...Gender based violence...Institutional Assessment...ADB Gender Strategy...
Asian Development Bank Interim Country Partnership Strategy: Myanmar, 2012-2014 GENDER ANALYSIS (SUMMARY)
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
52.45 KB
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
1. One of the key development challenges faced by Myanmar is how to reduce poverty
and inequality. To achieve this goal, it will be necessary to have a good understanding of the
state and nature of poverty and inequality in the country, including where and who the poor
are, and what causes poverty and vulnerability. This paper discusses the main findings of
the Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey in Myanmar (2009-2010) and related
studies, and outlines their broad implications on poverty reduction strategies and policies in
the country..." Poverty Level and Trends; Poverty, Inequality and Vulnerability; Characteristics of the Poor—Poor vs. Non-Poor Households; Causes of Poverty; Implications on Poverty Reduction Strategies and Policies...Trends in Poverty Incidence [incl by State and region]
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Social studies of Burma
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
71.83 KB
Local URL:
mya-interim-poverty.pdf, mya-interim-poverty.pdf
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Description/subject:
1 Sector Road Map: 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities - 1. Urbanization; 2. Core constraints ["The core constraint to Myanmar?s urban development is inadequate
infrastructure and poor quality of services..."]; Sector performance indicators ["A key constraint in assessing the sector performance
and having a basis for planning and prioritization are the sporadic, unreliable and incomplete
data..."]; 4. Sanitation, solid waste and stormwater drainage ["Urban areas do not have
functioning city-wide sewerage and drainage networks...]; 5. Health and poverty implications; 6. Climate change implications; 7. Opportunities through development of Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) corridors
and towns; 8. Gender issues...2. Government?s Sector Strategy:
8. National and local level plans and strategies; 9. Institutional frameworks and capacities...3. ADB Sector Experience: 10. Past experience and assistance in the sector; 11. Lessons learnt and best practices from the region; 12. Priority assistance ["...geographically, assistance could initially focus on towns that would support or are part of GMS
corridors, specifically the Southern Economic Corridor and the East Western Economic Corridor..."]...Problem Tree for Urban Development and Water Sector
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
61.32 KB
Local URL:
mya-interim-urban.pdf
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Description/subject:
Sector Road Map:
1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities...
2. Government?s Sector Strategy...
3. ADB Sector Experience...
4. Towards an Assistance Program: Priorities for consideration for the assistance program include the following: • Strengthening Institutional Capacities, Plans and Policies in the Transport Sector; • Pre-Feasibility Analysis and Structuring of Projects in the Transport Sector; • Developing an asset management program for Myanmar roads; • Feasibility assessment of GMS East-West Economic Corridor extension into
Myanmar...Risks and Risk Management; PROBLEM TREE
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Transport infrastructure general
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities:
2. Government?s Sector Strategy: Overview; Energy Demand and Supply; Coal; Oil and Gas; Renewable energy; Power Sector; Future power development; Transmission and Distribution Systems; Power Demand, Planning and Tariffs; Energy Efficiency; Core sector issues and constraints...
3. ADB Sector Experience: a. Near term-needs - Detailed energy sector assessment; Rehabilitation work in power generation, transmissions and distribution; Strengthening the capacity and capability of the environmental and social
safeguards - b. Medium term-needs: Tariff and Structural reforms; Renewable energy and energy efficiency; Hydropower Development; Rural electrification; Rehabilitation and expansion of natural gas pipeline networks...
PROBLEM TREE [provides a useful overview]
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Energy -- general, General articles and reports
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
96.46 KB
Local URL:
mya-interim-energy.pdf
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Description/subject:
Interim Country Partnership Strategy: Myanmar, 2012-2014
SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES:
5-pager...
I. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities...
II. Government?s Sector Strategy...
III. ADB Sector Experience...
Problem Tree for Agriculture, Renewable Natural Resources and Environment Sector
Source/publisher:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Date of publication:
2012-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
63.37 KB
Local URL:
mya-interim-agriculture.pdf
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Description/subject:
400-page book in image files divided into chapters..... Title page, Content, etc...Acknowledgement...Chapter 1-
Introduction...Chapter 2 -
Agro-Based Industrializing Strategy...Chapter 3 -
Rice Industry...Chapter 4 -
Wheat Flour Industry...Chapter 5 -
Pulses Industry...Chapter 6 -
Feed Industry...Chapter 7 -
Edible Oil Industry...
Chapter 8 -
Growth, Survival and and Prospects of Sugar Processing SMEs...Chapter 9 -
Cotton textile Industry... Chapter 10 -
Facts About Myanmar Jute Industries...Chapter 11 -
Chapter 11 Rubber& Rubber Product Industry
U Tin Htut Oo, Toshihiro Kudo
Source/publisher:
IDE- Institute of Developing Economies / JETRO - Japan External Trade Organization
Date of publication:
2002-11-30
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-25
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agribusiness - Agro-based industry, Agricultural Economics, Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description/subject:
Executive Summary and Recommendations: In July 2012, "ARTICLE 19 analysed the Decree on the Right to Peaceful Assembly and
Peaceful Procession of Myanmar, adopted by the Government of the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar on 5 July 2012.
The provisions of the Decree were examined for their compliance with international standards
on human rights. Myanmar has neither signed nor ratified the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights or other principal human rights treaties. Nevertheless, ARTICLE 19
suggests that guarantees to the right to freedom of expression and freedom of assembly, as
provided by Article 364 of the Constitution of Myanmar, allow a wide scope for interpretation
and that international standards regarding these rights should provide guidance to such an
interpretation.
In the analysis, ARTICLE 19 appreciates the Decree?s recognition of the state duty to protect
assembly participants. However, the requirement for permission to hold an assembly, the
grounds for denying permission, the lack of a court appeal and the absence of guarantees for
media access to assemblies are problematic and must be urgently revised. ARTICLE 19 also
calls on the Government of Myanmar ? in consultation with civil society - to review other
legislative measures in light of international standards and to make them compliant with
these standards.
Recommendations
ARTICLE 19 calls on the Government of Myanmar:
• To sign and ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;
• To invite the UN special rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly and association
and the special rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression to visit Myanmar;
• To ensure that the right to peaceful assembly and the right to freedom of expression
are safeguarded in line with international standards;
• To revise the Decree on the Right to Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Procession in
accordance with international standards on freedom of expression and freedom of
assembly, as recommended by ARTICLE 19;
• To initiate public discussion about the current legal framework on peaceful assemblies
and engage in consultation with civil society representatives on how to improve the
relevant legislation.
ARTICLE 19 calls on civil society in Myanmar:
• To engage in public debates and consultation with the government on how to improve
the domestic legislation on peaceful assembly;
• To form coalitions between civil society organisations and launch public education
campaigns on the right to peaceful assembly and the right to freedom of expression;
• To draft legislative proposals and advocate for specific changes in domestic legislation
aiming at the improvement of the protection of the right to peaceful assembly and the
right to freedom of expression;
• To seek partnerships with international organisations in a specific mandate on the
right to freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly."
Source/publisher:
Article 19
Date of publication:
2012-09-20
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Freedom of opinion and expression: - the situation in Burma/Myanmar - reports, analyses, recommendations, Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, violations of, Laws, decrees, bills and regulations relating to association and assembly (commentaries), Laws, decrees, bills and regulations relating to opinion and expression (commentary)
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Local URL:
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Description/subject:
1..No progress on the repeal of
oppressive laws
2..Important proposals rejected
3..Parliament accepts new VP with
eyes closed, boosts presidential
powers
3..Local Parliaments shut
3..Military MPs inactive
4..Regime lies in Parliament
4..MPs wrangle over Foreign
Investment Law
4..Green light to land confiscation
commission, improved legislation
5..NLD makes parliamentary debut
6..Recap of parliamentary sessions
6..List of new laws
Source/publisher:
ALTSEAN-Burma
Date of publication:
2012-09-21
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
ALTSEAN-Burma archive
Language:
English
Local URL:
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