Librarian's Choice

အဓိကအကြောင်းအရာ

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Title: Southeast Asian Press Alliance (SEAPA)
Description/subject: "The Southeast Asian Press Alliance (SEAPA) is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation campaigning for genuine press freedom in Southeast Asia. Established in Bangkok in November 1998, it aims to unite independent journalists? and press-related organizations in the region into a force for advocacy and mutual protection. SEAPA?s goal is to provide a forum for the defence of press freedom, giving protection to journalists and nurturing an environment where free expression, transparency, pluralism and a responsible media culture can flourish. Membership in the Alliance is open to independent press advocacy organisations with a proven track record of working for press freedom. SEAPA?s founding members—from Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand—are among the most well established press advocacy organizations in Southeast Asia. Together they bring an innovative regional perspective to the practice of journalism and a vision of a Southeast Asia that is the home of a free and vibrant media...".....54 search results for Burma (November 2012)
Source/publisher: Southeast Asian Press Alliance (SEAPA)
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-19
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Title: Burma: Prioritize broad consultations to institutionalize media freedom
Description/subject: "SEAPA initiated two ?town hall meetings? in Myanmar—one in Yangon on 23-24 September and one in Mandalay on 26 September—with the aim providing support for the media community to empower themselves in lobbying for a free media legal environment in Burma. These activities were organized within the context of the considerable expansion of press freedom in the country, including the end of pre-publication censorship, and the announcement of the drafting of a new press/media law. The following document summarises the recommendations and inputs from the two Town Hall Meetings organized in Yangon and Mandalay and attended by 90 working journalists, discussing issues related to media law, self-regulation of the media and professional capacities of journalists.
Source/publisher: Southeast Asian Press Alliance (SEAPA)
Date of publication: 2012-11-08
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-19
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Nowhere To Go (video)
Description/subject: "Reviled in Myanmar and unwanted in Bangladesh, where does one of the world?s most persecuted minorities really belong?... The Rohingya are a stateless people described by the UN as one of the world?s most persecuted minorities. They are reviled in Myanmar, the country many Rohingya call home, and unwelcome in neighbouring Bangladesh, where tens of thousands live in refugee camps. And now they could be facing their worst crisis yet. Violent ethnic clashes in Myanmar?s Rakhine state have led to calls for their expulsion from the country. Boatloads of Rohingya refugees have been denied entry into Bangladesh. Those already there live on the fringes of society, undocumented and at risk of exploitation. In late May, news broke of the brutal rape and murder of a Buddhist woman in Myanmar?s Rakhine state. It was, by all accounts, a horrific crime. What made it worse for some was that the alleged perpetrators were men from the Muslim Rohingya minority. Five days later a crowd attacked a bus and killed nine Muslims in what appeared to be a retaliatory attack. The clashes erupted suddenly, and ferociously. Rakhine state has since become the scene of more violence. Entire villages have been burnt down and people driven from their homes. Both sides accuse each other of atrocities and the Myanmar government has declared a state of emergency in the region. Tens of thousands of Rohingya people now live in refugee camps, with their movements being restricted. In Myanmar they are not recognised as citizens and their access to opportunities are severely curtailed. In the aftermath of the Rakhine riots, human rights observers fear they might become the target of more discrimination. Myanmar does not want them. But neither does neighbouring Bangladesh, the country with the second-largest concentration of the Rohingya. So where do the Rohingya really belong? 101 East looks at who should take responsibility for the community."
Source/publisher: AL Jazeera (101 East)
Date of publication: 2012-09-28
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-17
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English (including subtitles), Arakanese, Rohingya, Burmese
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Title: Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot - Ecosystem Profile, 2011 Update
Description/subject: "...This document represents the ecosystem profile for the Indo-Burma Hotspot, which comprises all non-marine parts of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, plus parts of southern China. With its high levels of plant and animal endemism, and limited remaining natural habitat, Indo-Burma ranks among the top 10 biodiversity hotspots for irreplaceability and the top five for threat. Indo-Burma holds more people than any other hotspot, and its remaining natural ecosystems, already greatly reduced in extent, are subject to intense and growing pressure from habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and over-exploitation of natural resources...A total of 753 species outcomes, 509 site outcomes and 66 corridor outcomes were defined for the hotspot. Among these, 151 species, 74 sites and four corridors were prioritized for conservation investment. The priority species represent a significant increase over the 67 identified in the original ecosystem profile. This can be attributed largely to the inclusion, for the first time, of priority plant species, and the expansion of the analysis to include Myanmar, home to a suite of species not found elsewhere in the hotspot..."
Source/publisher: Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Date of publication: 2012-05-31
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-15
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 5.12 MB
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Title: Migrant Information Note Issue #17, October 2012 ่าวแรงงานข้ามชาติ ฉบับที่ 17 – ตุลาคม 2555 (Thai)
Description/subject: ข่าวแรงงานข้ามชาติฉบับนี้ได้นำเสนอรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับประเด็นและกฏระเบียบล่าสุดที่เกี่ยวกับ ประชากรข้ามชาติในประเทศไทย ซึ่งได้แก่ ข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับการค้ามนุษย์ แรงงานในกิจการประมง การนำเข้า แรงงานข้ามชาติ และยุทธศาสตร์ในการต่อต้านการโยกย้านถิ่นฐานแบบไม่ปกติ
Source/publisher: International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-14
Type: Individual Documents
Category:
Language: Thai
Format : pdf
Size: 192.39 KB
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Title: Migrant Information Note Issue #17 – October 2012 (Burmese)
Description/subject: This issue of the IOM Migrant Information Note (MIN) details the latest developments in migration issues and regulations in Thailand, including information relating to victims of trafficking, labourers working in the fishing industry, a possible new import of migrant workers and a new strategy to combat irregular migration.
Source/publisher: International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-14
Type: Individual Documents
Category:
Language: Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ
Format : pdf
Size: 81.73 KB
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Title: Migrant Information Note Issue #17 – October 2012 (English)
Description/subject: This issue of the IOM Migrant Information Note (MIN) details the latest developments in migration issues and regulations in Thailand, including information relating to victims of trafficking, labourers working in the fishing industry, a possible new import of migrant workers and a new strategy to combat irregular migration.
Source/publisher: International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-14
Type: Individual Documents
Category:
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 75.19 KB
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Title: MYANMAR: STORM CLOUDS ON THE HORIZON (English; Burmese Executive Summary)
Description/subject: Executive Summary: "Myanmar?s leaders continue to demonstrate that they have the political will and the vision to move the country decisively away from its authoritarian past, but the road to democracy is proving hard. President Thein Sein has declared the changes irreversible and worked to build a durable partnership with the opposition. While the process remains incomplete, political prisoners have been released, blacklists trimmed, freedom of assembly laws implemented, and media censorship abolished. But widespread ethnic violence in Rakhine State, targeting principally the Rohingya Muslim minority, has cast a dark cloud over the reform process and any further rupturing of intercommunal relations could threaten national stability. Elsewhere, social tensions are rising as more freedom allows local conflicts to resurface. A ceasefire in Kachin State remains elusive. Political leaders have conflicting views about how power should be shared under the constitution as well as after the 2015 election. Moral leadership is required now to calm tensions and new compromises will be needed if divisive confrontation is to be avoided...The ongoing intercommunal strife in Rakhine State is of grave concern, and there is the potential for similar violence elsewhere, as nationalism and ethno-nationalism rise and old prejudices resurface. The difficulty in reaching a ceasefire in Kachin State underlines the complexity of forging a sustainable peace with ethnic armed groups. There are also rising grassroots tensions over land grabbing and abuses by local authorities, and environmental and social concerns over foreign-backed infrastructure and mining projects...A key factor in determining the success of Myanmar?s transition will be macro-political stability. In 2015, Aung San Suu Kyi?s National League for Democracy (NLD) will compete for seats across the country for the first time since the abortive 1990 elections. Assuming these polls are free and fair, they will herald a radical shift in the balance of power away from the old dispensation. But an NLD landslide may not be in the best interests of the party or the country, as it would risk marginalising three important constituencies: the old political elite, the ethnic political parties and the non-NLD democratic forces. If the post-2015 legislatures fail to represent the true political and ethnic diversity of the country, tensions are likely to increase and fuel instability. The main challenge the NLD faces is not to win the election, but to promote inclusiveness and reconciliation. It has a number of options to achieve this. It could support a more proportional election system that would create more representative legislatures, by removing the current ?winner- takes-all? distortion. Alternatively, it could form an alliance with other parties, particularly ethnic parties, agreeing not to compete against them in certain constituencies. Finally, it could support an interim ?national unity? candidate for the post-2015 presidency. This would reassure the old guard, easing the transition to an NLD-dominated political system..."
Source/publisher: International Crisis Group (Asia Report N?238)
Date of publication: 2012-11-12
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-12
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (exec. Sum)
Format : pdf
Size: 454.24 KB
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Title: Rohingya miss boat on development
Description/subject: "The ethnic conflict that ravaged much of Rakhine State in western Myanmar last month was an opportunity for more than settling old and new scores between Muslim Rohingya and Buddhist Rakhines and co-religionist new arrivals from elsewhere in the country. Those involved were also clearing land in a densely populated area that is set to be among the country?s prime bits of real estate as energy-related projects start transforming the impoverished state. More than 100 people (some reports indicate many times that number) were killed last month, untold others were wounded, and an estimated 28,000 fled or were driven from their homes in clashes between the stateless Rohingya and Buddhist citizens in a recurrence of violence last June. They are the latest incidents involving evicted ethnic groups around the country weeks before US President Obama visits Myanmar later this month. "The government has taken the opportunity to create more violence allowing a destabilized and vulnerable state which they can then take the natural resources from. This is believed to be the main reason to why so many villages [in Rakhine State] were razed to the ground," the representative of one non-government organization (NGO) told Asia Times Online, citing the source as a Rakhine resident..."
Syed Tashfin Chowdhury, Chris Stewart
Source/publisher: "Asia Times Online"
Date of publication: 2012-11-09
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-09
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Deeds of Commitment under Geneva Call made by 26 Armed Non-State Actors in Burma/Myanmar
Description/subject: Regarding: Use of anti-personnel landmines; Use of child soldiers; Protection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict...made between 2003 and 2012...full texts in English.
Source/publisher: Geneva Call
Date of publication: 2011-11-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-09
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Title: Foreign Investment Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 21/2012 (English)
Description/subject: Foreign Investment Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 21/2012...I am not 100% sure about the (unofficial) English translation, since though it seems to be fairly sound, I spotted a few mistakes, one of which I dared to correct (I replaced "Citizen means" by "Citizen includes" in Article 2/4, since that is the language in the 1988 law and there are 3 classes of citizen according to the 1982 Citizenship Law)... I am unsure also what the translator intends by the highlighting, most of which I have left in place) - Librarian
Source/publisher: Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Date of publication: 2012-11-02
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-08
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 91.81 KB
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Title: Monthly chronology of political prisoners in Burma
Description/subject: Archive from September 2008
Source/publisher: Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma)
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-08
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Title: Civilian and Military order documents: August 2009 to August 2012
Description/subject: "This report contains a total of 58 translated copies of order documents issued by military and civilian officials of Burma?s central government, as well as ?Border Guard? battalions, to village heads in eastern Burma between August 2009 and August 2012, including 44 order documents issued since February 2011. To provide additional context for forced labour incidents documented by KHRG community members during 2012, original excerpts from 23 pieces of KHRG field information are also included. These documents cumulatively serve as primary evidence of ongoing exploitative local governance in rural Burma. During 2012, systemic forms of forced labour consisted of military camp maintenance or building; portering; labour for community or development projects; and agricultural labour. This report thus supports the continuing testimonies of villagers regarding regular demands for labour, money, food and other supplies to which their communities are subject to by local civilian and military authorities. The order documents collected here include demands for attendance at meetings; the provision of money and food; the production and delivery of thatch, bamboo and other materials; forced labour as messengers and porters for the military; forced labour on road construction and repair; the provision of information on individuals, households and non-state armed groups; and the imposition of movement restrictions. In almost all cases, demands were uncompensated and backed by implicit or explicit threats of violence or other punishments for non-compliance. Most demands articulated in the orders presented in this report involved some element of forced labour in their implementation."
Source/publisher: Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG)
Date of publication: 2012-10-03
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-08
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 2.63 MB
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Title: Creating Non-State Spaces: Interfaces of Humanitarianism and Self-Government of Karen-Refugee Migrants in Thai Burmese Border Spaces
Description/subject: Abstract: "This paper examines the interfaces of local community based humanitarian organizations with displaced Karen people in Thai-Burmese border spaces and their claims for cultural rights. It argues that Karen people have to organize themselves in a context where they do not have access to social welfare of the state and in which the state is hostile and oppressive to them. Applying Merry?s thesis on the localization and vernacularization of international rights frameworks in the local context, the paper explores the context of power in which different humanitarian actors intervention in the local conflict zone. The author finds that Karen displaced people have differentiated access to humanitarian assistance and that powerful organizations like the Karen National Union are able to benefit while essentializing Karen culture and suppressing internal difference among the Karen to position itself towards the international donor community, thereby becoming ?liked? or ?preferred? refugees. The paper then also looks at secular and faith-based local humanitarian groups and finds that these groups are deeply embedded in local society and thus able to help effectively. Karen displaced people thus create non-state spaces in border spaces by establishing partnerships with local humanitarian organizations that act as brokers and mediators of international organizations and donors."
Alexander Horstmann
Source/publisher: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religioius and Ethnic Diversity
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-08
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 940.17 KB
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Title: 30,000 Dawei Villagers Forced Out by June
Description/subject: "The forced relocation of more than 30,000 villagers by southern Burma?s Dawei deep-sea port project will take place before June next year, says Dawei Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Support Team Chairman Tin Maung Swe. A total of 16 villages in Yaybyu and Longlon townships in Dawei Province of Tanintharyi Division will be moved to three new locations, he told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday. Tin Maung Swe explained that ?two new villages are under construction and some will start moving before the next academic year,” which begins in June. The new residential zones are being built in accordance with the development of a ?town plan” and the villagers will be moved after electricity, water supplies and telecommunication are in place, he said..."
Nyein Nyein
Source/publisher: "The Irawaddy"
Date of publication: 2012-11-07
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-07
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Pipeline Nightmare (English and Burmese မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Description/subject: "Shwe Pipeline Brings Land Confiscation, Militarization and Human Rights Violations to the Ta?ang People. The Ta?ang Students and Youth Organization (TSYO) released a report today called ?Pipeline Nightmare” that illustrates how the Shwe Gas and Oil Pipeline project, which will transport oil and gas across Burma to China, has resulted in the confiscation of people?s lands, forced labor, and increased military presence along the pipeline, affecting thousands of people. Moreover, the report documents cases in 6 target cities and 51 villages of human rights violations committed by the Burmese Army, police and people?s militia, who take responsibility for security of the pipeline. The government has deployed additional soldiers and extended 26 military camps in order to increase pressure on the ethnic armed groups and to provide security for the pipeline project and its Chinese workers. Along the pipeline, there is fighting on a daily basis between the Burmese Army and the Kachin Independence Army, Shan State Army ? North and Ta?ang National Liberation Army in Namtu, Mantong and Namkham, where there are over one thousand Ta?ang (Palaung) refugees. ?Even though the international community believes that the government has implemented political reforms, it doesn?t mean those reforms have reached ethnic areas, especially not where there is increased militarization along the Shwe Pipeline, increased fighting between the Burmese Army and ethnic armed groups, and negative consequences for the people living in these areas,” said Mai Amm Ngeal, a member of TSYO. The China National Petroleum Corporation and Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise have signed agreements for the Shwe Pipeline, however the companies have not conducted any Environmental Impact Assessments or Social Impact Assessments. While the people living along the pipeline bear the brunt of the effects, the government will earn an estimated USD$29 billion over the next 30 years. ?The government and companies involved must be held accountable for the project and its effects on the local people, such as increasing military presence and Chinese workers along the pipeline, both of which cause insecurity for the local communities and especially women. The project has no benefit for the public, so it must be postponed,” said Lway Phoo Reang, Joint Secretary (1) of TSYO. TSYO urges the government to postpone the Shwe Gas and Oil Pipeline project, to withdraw the military from Shan State, reach a ceasefire with all ethnic armed groups in the state, and address the root causes of the armed conflict by engaging in political dialogue."
Source/publisher: Ta?ang Students and Youth Organization (TSYO)
Date of publication: 2012-11-07
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-07
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format : pdf pdf
Size: 2.03 MB 1.44 MB
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Title: The Burden of War - Women bear burden of displacement
Description/subject: Executive Summary: "Worsening conflict and abuses by Burmese government troops in northern Shan State have displaced over 2,000 Palaung villagers from fifteen villages in three townships since March 2011. About 1,000, mainly women and children, remain in three IDP settlements in Mantong and Namkham townships, facing serious shortages of food and medicine; most of the rest have dispersed to find work in China. Burmese troops have been launching offensives to crush the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Ta-ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), and the Shan State Army-North (SSA-N), to secure control of strategic trading and investment areas on the Chinese border, particularly the route of China?s trans-Burma oil and gas pipelines. In rural Palaung areas, patrols from sixteen Burma Army battalions and local militia have been forcibly conscripting villagers as soldiers and porters, looting livestock and property, and torturing and killing villagers suspected of supporting the resistance. This has caused entire villages to become abandoned. Interviews conducted by PWO in September 2012 show that the burden of displacement is falling largely on women, as most men have fled or migrated to work elsewhere. The ratio of women to men of working age in the IDP camps is 4:1. Women, including pregnant mothers, had to walk for up to a week through the jungle to reach the camps, carrying their children and possessions, and avoiding Burmese army patrols and landmines. Elderly people were left behind. Little aid has reached the IDP settlements, particular the largest camp housing over 500 in a remote mountainous area north of Manton, where shortages of water, food and medicines are causing widespread disease. Mothers are struggling to feed their families on loans of rice from local villagers, and have taken their daughters out of school. Some women have left children with relatives and gone to find work in China. PWO is calling urgently for aid to these IDPs, and for political pressure on Burma?s government to end its military offensives and abuses, pull back troops from conflict areas, and begin meaningful political dialogue to address the root causes of the conflict."
Source/publisher: Palaung Women?s Organization
Date of publication: 2012-11-03
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-06
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1.72 MB
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Title: The Development Dictionary - a guide to knowledge as power
Description/subject: WOLFGANG SACHS, Preface to the New Edition... WOLFGANG SACHS, Introduction... GUSTAVO ESTEVA, Development... WOLFGANG SACHS, Environment... C. DOUGLAS LUMMIS, Equality... MARIANNE GRONEMEYER, Helping... GÉRALD BERTHOUD, Market... IVAN ILLICH, Needs... WOLFGANG SACHS, One World... MAJID R AHNEMA, Participation... ARTURO ESCOBAR, Planning... BARBARA DUDEN Population... MAJID R AHNEMA, Poverty... JEAN ROBERT, Production... JOSÉ MARÍA SBERT, Progress... VANDANA SHIVA, Resources... CLAUDE ALVARES, Science... HARRY CLEAVER Socialism... SERGE LATOUCHE, Standard of Living... ASHIS NANDY, State... OTTO ULLRICH, Technology.
Wolfgang Sachs (ed)
Source/publisher: Zed Books via Northeast University
Date of publication: 2009-11-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-05
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: BURMA: AHRC expresses solidarity with protesting farmers
Description/subject: "The Asian Human Rights Commission on Wednesday sent a message of support to farmers and their allies gathering for a "people?s conference" to oppose land confiscation and degradation for a copper mining project. In the message to farmers and others gathering for the inaugural Letpadaung Mountain region people?s conference, the AHRC said that the farmers? struggle set "an important example and signals the determination of people [in Burma]… to resist dispossession, repression and the use of violence and illegal tactics by powerful interests". AHRC-PRL-044-2012.jpgThe farmers around the Letpadaung Mountain, which is in Sagaing Region, have since June conducted an increasingly high profile and determined campaign against attempts by an army-owned company and a Chinese partner firm to push them off their farmland. They have posted signs warning "no trespassing" onto agricultural lands, and in October conducted a funeral march to a local cemetery where while praying, they insisted that the spirits of deceased ancestors are also rising up against the new copper mining project -- one of a string of such projects conducted in the region over decades..."
Source/publisher: Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC)
Date of publication: 2012-10-18
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-05
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: BURMA: Continued use of military-issued instructions denies rights
Description/subject: "Much has been made in recent times of the continued use in Burma of antiquated and anti-human rights laws from the country?s decades of military rule, as well as from the colonial era. While legislators discuss the amendment or revocation of some laws, and the issue is debated in the public domain, much less is said of the superstructure of military-introduced administrative orders that officials around the country continue to employ in their day-to-day activities, invariably in order to circumscribe or deny human rights. Among these orders are some being used to restrict or prevent access to land of people who rightfully occupy or cultivate the land, as in the case of villagers from some 26 villages affected by the copper mining project in the Letpadaung Mountain range in Sagaing Region, on which the Asian Human Rights Commission has previously spoken (AHRC-PRL-044-2012). The AHRC has obtained copies of a series of orders issued by Zaw Moe Aung, chief administrator of Sarlingyi Township, where villagers have been fighting since mid-2012 against the expansion of copper mining in the region onto their farmlands. The orders, issued under section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code, prohibit villagers from access to their farmlands or any form of use of the farmlands, such as for the grazing of cattle. The latest orders expired at the end of October; however, people in the region expect that they will be renewed, or that in any event they will simply be denied access to their land, which is being taken over by an army-owned company and its partner..."
Source/publisher: Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC)
Date of publication: 2012-11-05
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-05
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor Report Myanmar/Burma 2012
Description/subject: Myanmar/Burma:- Mine Ban Treaty status: Not a State Party... Pro-mine ban UNGA voting record: Abstained on Resolution 66/29 in December 2011, as in previous years... Participation in Mine Ban Treaty meetings: Attended the Eleventh Meeting of States Parties in Phnom Penh in November–December 2011... Key developments: Foreign Minister stated Myanmar is considering accession to the Mine Ban Treaty. President Thein Sein requested assistance for clearance of mines. Parliamentarians raised the need for mine clearance.
Source/publisher: Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor
Date of publication: 2012-11-03
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-05
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese
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Title: The Archaeology of the Development Idea
Description/subject: "Ruined buildings hide their secrets under piles of earth and rubble. Archaeologists, shovel in hand, work through layer upon layer to reveal underpinnings and thus discover the origins of a dilapidated monument. But ideas can also turn out to be ruins with their foundations covered by years or even centuries of sand. I believe that the idea of development stands today like a ruin in the intellectual landscape, its shadows obscuring our vision. It is high time we tackled the archaeology of this towering conceit, that we uncovered its foundations to see it for what it is: the outdated monument to an immodest era... Wind and snow stormed over Pennsylvania Avenue on 20 January 1949 when, in his inauguration speech before Congress, US President Harry Truman defined the largest part of the world as "underdeveloped areas". There it was, suddenly a permanent feature of the landscape, a pivotal concept which crammed the immeasurable diversity of the globe?s south into single category: underdeveloped. For the first time, the new world view was thus announced; all the peoples of the earth were to move along the same track and aspire to only one goal: development. And the road to follow lay clearly before the President?s eyes: "Greater production is the key to prosperity and peace." After all, was it not the US which had already come closest to this utopia? According to that yardstick, nations fall into place as stragglers or lead runners. And "the United States is pre-eminent among nations in the development of industrial and scientific techniques". Clothing self-interest in generosity, Truman outlined a programme of technical assistance designed to "relieve the suffering of these peoples" through "industrial activities and "a higher standard of living". Looking back after forty years, we recognise Truman?s speech as the starting gun in the race for the South to catch up with the North. But we also see that the field of runners has been dispersed, as some competitors have fallen by the wayside and others have begun to suspect that they are running in the wrong direction..."
Wolfgang Sachs
Source/publisher: Wolfgang Sachs
Date of publication: 1989-11-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 80.5 KB
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Title: 2012 Global Hunger Index
Description/subject: The Challenge of hunger: ensuring sustainable food security under land, water and energy stresses..."World hunger, according to the 2012 Global Hunger Index (GHI), has declined somewhat since 1990 but remains ?serious.? The global average masks dramatic differences among regions and countries. Regionally, the highest GHI scores are in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. South Asia reduced its GHI score significantly between 1990 and 1996—mainly by reducing the share of underweight children—but could not maintain this rapid progress. Though Sub-Saharan Africa made less progress than South Asia in the 1990s, it has caught up since the turn of the millennium, with its 2012 GHI score falling below that of South Asia. From the 1990 GHI to the 2012 GHI, 15 countries reduced their scores by 50 percent or more. In terms of absolute progress, between the 1990 GHI and the 2012 GHI, Angola, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nicaragua, Niger, and Vietnam saw the largest improvements in their scores. Twenty countries still have levels of hunger that are ?extremely alarming? or ?alarming.? Most of the countries with alarming GHI scores are in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (the 2012 GHI does not, however, reflect the recent crisis in the Horn of Africa, which intensified in 2011, or the uncertain food situation in the Sahel). Two of the three countries with extremely alarming 2012 GHI scores—Burundi and Eritrea—are in Sub-Saharan Africa; the third country with an extremely alarming score is Haiti. Its GHI score fell by about one quarter from 1990 to 2001, but most of this improvement was reversed in subsequent years. The devastating January 2010 earthquake, although not yet fully captured by the 2012 GHI because of insufficient availability of recent data, pushed Haiti back into the category of ?extremely alarming.? In contrast to recent years, the Democratic Republic of Congo is not listed as ?extremely alarming,? because insufficient data are available to calculate the country?s GHI score. Current and reliable data are urgently needed to appraise the situation in the country. Recent developments in the land, water, and energy sectors have been wake-up calls for global food security: the stark reality is that the world needs to produce more food with fewer resources, while eliminating wasteful practices and policies. Demographic changes, income increases, climate change, and poor policies and institutions are driving natural resource scarcity in ways that threaten food production and the environment on which it depends. Food security is now inextricably linked to developments in the water, energy, and land sectors. Rising energy prices affect farmers? costs for fuel and fertilizer, increase demand for biofuel crops relative to food crops, and raise the price of water use. Agriculture already occurs within a context of land scarcity in terms of both quantity and quality: the world?s best arable land is already under cultivation, and unsustainable agricultural practices have led to significant land degradation. The scarcity of farmland coupled with shortsighted bioenergy policies has led to major foreign summary investments in land in a number of developing countries, putting local people?s land rights at risk. In addition, water is scarce and likely to become scarcer with climate change. To halt this trend, more holistic strategies are needed for dealing with land, water, energy, and food, and they are needed soon. To manage natural resources sustainably, it is important to secure land and water rights; phase out inefficient subsidies on water, energy, and fertilizers; and create a macroeconomic environment that promotes efficient use of natural resources. It is important to scale up technical solutions, particularly those that conserve natural resources and foster more efficient and effective use of land, energy, and water along the value chain. It is also crucial to tame the drivers of natural resource scarcity by, for example, addressing demographic change, women?s access to education, and reproductive health; raising incomes and lowering inequality; and mitigating and adapting to climate change through agriculture. Food security under land, water, and energy stress poses daunting challenges. The policy steps described in this report show how we can meet these challenges in a sustainable and affordable way."
Source/publisher: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Concern Worldwide, Welthungerhilfe and Green Scenery:
Date of publication: 2012-10-31
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 3.04 MB
Local URL: PDF icon ghi12-op60-red.pdf
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Title: ROHINGYA IN BURMA: SPOTLIGHT ON CURRENT CRISIS OFFERS OPPORTUNITY FOR PROGRESS
Description/subject: CONCLUSION: "Long one of the most persecuted peoples in the world, the stateless Rohingya community has endured even greater suffering since the June inter-communal violence and subsequent displacement of tens of thousands of people. Violence is already recurring, with further deaths and over 1,000 more houses destroyed by fire in October. This crisis could even de-rail the Burmese government?s overall reform process if the underlying structural discrimination against Rohingya, including their lack of citizenship, is not addressed. In the short-term, there is a humanitarian imperative to urgently improve the conditions in the displacement camps and to allow humanitarian access to all communities in need of assistance. The rule of law in Rakhine State must be restored, the segregation of communities in Sittwe must come to an end, and the Rohingya should be recognized as citizens of Burma. For the long-term, Burma?s government must commit to the robust economic, social, and political development of Rakhine State. But that will not be enough. While a functioning economy, political representation, and land ownership will go a long way toward reconciliation, hostilities will not end until Burma?s government commits to promoting and protecting the human rights of both communities."
Melanie Teff, Sarnata Reynolds, with Chris Lewa of the Arakan Project
Source/publisher: Refugees International
Date of publication: 2012-10-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: ROHINGYA IN BANGLADESH: MAINTAINING THE STATUS QUO; SQUANDERING A RARE OPPORTUNITY
Description/subject: "For decades, Burmese Rohingya fleeing persecution have sought refuge in Bangladesh. June?s inter-communal violence in Burma?s Rakhine State, as well as subsequent state-sponsored persecution and targeted attacks against Muslim populations, have cast an international spotlight on this neglected population, and offered an opportunity to resolve the status of both stateless Rohingya inside Burma and those Rohingya who are refugees in neighboring countries. This could be an opportunity for Bangladesh to engage fully on this issue and develop its long-awaited refugee policy. Instead, the nation is rallying against the Rohingya by refusing entry to refugees and restricting humanitarian assistance. This response, besides representing a breach of international law, will weaken Bangladesh?s ability to secure international support as discussions of the Rohingya?s plight intensify. The governments of Bangladesh and Burma should be engaging in bilateral ? and perhaps multilateral ? discussions about how to protect the rights of the Rohingya community..."
Melanie Teff, Sarnata Reynolds
Source/publisher: Refugees International
Date of publication: 2012-10-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: South-East Asia Opium survey 2012 (Myanmar section)
Description/subject: "...In 2012, the annual opium survey in Myanmar covered Shan State (North, East, and South Shan), and Kachin State, which constitute the country?s principal opium poppy-cultivating regions. The UNODC rapid assessment survey found no evidence of opium poppy cultivation in the Special Regions in Shan (Wa Special Region 2, Kokang Special Region 1 and Special Region 4). However, limited satellite imagery and findings from ground surveillance did find evidence of limited opium poppy cultivation in Chin, though the region was not fully covered in the survey. The total area under cultivation in 2012 was estimated at 51,000 hectares, representing an increase of one sixth on the 2011 level of 43,600 hectares and the sixth consecutive year-on-year increase since the low 2006 level of 21,600 hectares...This increase in opium poppy cultivation was not confined to a specific region, but was actually observed in East, North and South Shan, as well as in Kachin. The area under cultivation continued to be dominated by areas in South and East Shan, which continued to account for more than three quarters of the estimated total, but the increase was most pronounced (in relative terms) in North Shan, where the area rose by nearly half (from 4,300 hectares in 2011 to 6,300 hectares in 2012), and in Kachin, which registered an increase of more than a third (from 3,800 hectares to 5,100 hectares). This explains why the share of the total attributable to Kachin and North Shan (collectively) edged up from 19% in 2011 to 22% in 2012. In absolute terms, East Shan, North Shan and South Shan all registered an increase of approximately 2,000 hectares. The increase in East Shan followed a relatively stable trend over the preceding two years, while the increases in each of the other regions represented a continuation of the recent trend. These figures do not include cultivation in Chin, which, based on limited data, was assessed to be in the order of several hundred hectares in 2012..." [the primary URL does not contain the Lao PDR section, which can be found in the secondary link]
Source/publisher: UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 4.1 MB
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Title: Changing Realities, Poverty and Displacement in South East Burma/Myanmar - 2012 Survey (TBC)
Description/subject: "A significant decrease in forced displacement has been documented by community‐based organisations in South East Myanmar after a series of ceasefire agreements were negotiated earlier this year. While armed conflict continues in Kachin State and communal violence rages in Rakhine State, field surveys indicate that that there has been a substantial decrease in hostilities affecting Karen, Karenni, Shan and Mon communities. In its annual survey of displacement and poverty released today, the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) estimates that 10,000 people were forced from their homes during the past year in comparison to an average of 75,000 people displaced every year during the previous decade. While there remain at least 400,000 internally displaced persons in rural areas of South East Myanmar, the tentative return of 37,000 civilians to their villages or surrounding areas reflects hope for an end to displacement. After supporting refugees and internally displaced persons for nearly three decades, TBBC?s Executive Director Jack Dunford is optimistic about the possibility of forging a sustainable solution but conscious that there are many obstacles still to come. ?The challenge of transforming preliminary ceasefire agreements into a substantive peace process is immense, but this is the best chance we have ever had to create the conditions necessary to support voluntary and dignified return in safety”, said Mr Dunford. Poverty assessments conducted by TBBC?s community‐based partners with over 4,000 households across 21 townships provide a sobering reminder about the impact of protracted conflict on civilian livelihoods. The findings suggest that 59% of households in rural communities of South East Myanmar are impoverished, with the indicators particularly severe in northern Karen areas where there have been allegations of widespread and systematic human rights abuse. The Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in Myanmar reported to the United Nations General Assembly last month that truth, justice and accountability are integral to the process of securing peace and national reconciliation. Mr Dunford commented that ?after all the violence and abuse, inclusive planning processes can help to rebuild trust by ensuring that the voices of those most affected are heard and that civil society representatives are involved at all stages”." (TBC Press Release, 31 October 2012)..... 9 documents: English full report (Zip-PDF: 22.5Mb); Burmese brochure (PDF: 8.25Mb); English brochure (PDF: 0.9Mb); English Exec Summ. (PDF: 270Kb); English-Chapter 1 (PDF: 800Kb); English-Chapter 2 (PDF: 7.9Mb); English-Chapter 3 (PDF: 9.7Mb); English-Chapter 4 (PDF: 5.6Mb); English-Appendices (PDF: 5.9Mb).....
Source/publisher: The Border Consortium - TBC (formerly Thailand Burma Border Consortium - TBBC )
Date of publication: 2012-10-31
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese
Format : pdf
Size: 19.83 MB
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Title: Crisis in Arakan State (Campaign)
Description/subject: Please print and send this letter to William Hague MP, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs....."Following communal violence in June, largely directed against the ethnic Rohingya, there is a growing humanitarian and human rights crisis which is not receiving sufficient international attention, and it is highly likely that many lives are being lost as a result. Burmese police, security forces and soldiers are raping, looting, torturing and arbitrarily killing Rohingya people. There have been mass arrests with Rohingya people kept in detention camps without trial, without food or medical services. Around 100,000 internally displaced people are in various locations, the vast majority without receiving any assistance because they are ethnic Rohingya. Aid is mostly being blocked by the government, or where allowed, Rohingya people have been excluded. The President of Burma has proposed a policy that amounts to ethnic cleansing, asking the United Nations to arrange for Rohingya people to be placed in camps, removed from Burma and sent to third countries. This is an incredibly serious situation and it continues to deteriorate at a very fast rate. Action needs to be taken now to ensure aid can be delivered, arrests and human rights abuses stop, and people are allowed to return safely to their homes."
Source/publisher: Burma Campaign UK
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-02
Type: Websites/Multiple Documents
Category: Campaigns
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Myanmar: Displacement in Rakhine State. Situation Report No. 10 (28 October 2012)
Description/subject: I. HIGHLIGHTS/KEY PRIORITIES: • Although the figures are most likely to increase, as of the evening of 28 October the Government?s partial estimate indicates that over 28,000 people have been displaced and that at least 76 persons have been killed in the recent violence that started on 21 October. More than 4,600 houses and several religious buildings have been destroyed in the unrest. • A high-level delegation led by the Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator and the heads of UNCHR, WFP and OCHA accompanied the Ministers of Border Affairs to affected areas of Rakhine State. • The Government requested the international community assistance for all those affected.
Source/publisher: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
Date of publication: 2012-10-28
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-01
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 271.33 KB
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Title: UN Expert: Human rights should lie at the heart of Myanmar?s reform process
Description/subject: "The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Myanmar, Tom?s Ojea Quintana, today highlighted the importance of keeping human rights on the agenda for Myanmar. This, he stressed, is particularly relevant in light of the ongoing violence in Rakhine State. The Special Rapporteur expressed concern that more lives have been lost in the violence and emphasised that the underlying causes of the tension and conflict between the Buddhist and Muslim communities in Rakhine State must be addressed as a priority...NEW YORK (25 October 2012) – The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Myanmar, Tom?s Ojea Quintana, today highlighted the importance of keeping human rights on the agenda for Myanmar. This, he stressed, is particularly relevant in light of the ongoing violence in Rakhine State. The Special Rapporteur expressed concern that more lives have been lost in the violence and emphasised that the underlying causes of the tension and conflict between the Buddhist and Muslim communities in Rakhine State must be addressed as a priority..."
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 2012-10-25
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-01
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 168.75 KB
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Title: Statement by Tom?s Ojea Quintana SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN MYANMAR
Description/subject: "...We should all acknowledge and commend the Government of Myanmar for what has been achieved thus far, which I have previously stated has improved the country?s human rights situation. Yet, recent developments highlight that Myanmar continues to grapple with ongoing human rights concerns that could pose risks to the reform process..."
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Source/publisher: United Nations General Assembly (67th session)
Date of publication: 2012-10-25
Date of entry/update: 2012-11-01
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 99.51 KB
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Title: Rampant Land Grabbing Continues [in Shan State]
Description/subject: * Themes: All the reports in this month?s issue are about various types of Land Grabbing and Confiscation, and a few incidents of other violations, committed by members of the Burmese army and their cronies during mid and late 2012... * Places: Ta-Khi-Laek, Murng-Ton, Murng-Sart, Loi-Lem, Murng-Nai, Lai-Kha, Mawk-Mai, Larng-Khur, Kae-See, Nam-Zarng and Parng-Yarng.....Rampant Land Grabbing Continues: Themes & Places of Violations reported in this issue... Acronyms... Map... Farmlands seized by police in Ta-Khi-Laek... Land grabbed and resold by military in Murng-Ton... Farmlands seized by Burmese Army-Sponsored people?s militia, in Murng-Sart... Villagers? farmlands seized by ?Wa? ceasefire group, in Murng-Ton... Villagers? lands seized by headman, with the help of land officials, in Loi-Lem... Farmlands seized without knowledge of owners in many townships in Central Shan State... Villagers fined for trying to work their farmlands taken by military in Nam-Zarng... Lands seized for building roads, displacing people, by ceasefire group in Parng-Yarng.
Source/publisher: Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-27
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Myanmar at the HLP Crossroads (final version)
Description/subject: Executive Summary: "Few issues are as frequently discussed and politically charged in transitional Myanmar as the state of housing, land and property (HLP) rights. The effectiveness of the laws and policies that address the fundamental and universal human need for a place to live, to raise a family, and to earn a living, is one of the primary criterion by which most people determine the quality of their lives and judge the effectiveness and legitimacy of their Governments. Housing, land and property issues undergird economic relations, and have critical implications for the ability to vote and otherwise exercise political power, for food security and for the ability to access education and health care. As the nation struggles to build greater democracy and seeks growing engagement with the outside world, Myanmar finds itself at an extraordinary juncture; in fact, it finds itself at the HLP Crossroads. The decisions the Government makes about HLP matters during the remainder of 2012 and beyond, in particular the highly controversial issue of potentially transforming State land into privately held assets, will set in place a policy direction that will have a marked impact on the future development of the country and the day-to-day circumstances in which people live. Getting it right will fundamentally and positively transform the nation from the bottom-up and help to create a nation that consciously protects the rights of all and shows the true potential of what was until very recently one of the world?s most isolated nations. Getting it wrong, conversely, will delay progress, and more likely than not drag the nation?s economy and levels of human rights protections downwards for decades to come. Myanmar faces an unprecedented scale of structural landlessness in rural areas, increasing displacement threats to farmers as a result of growing investment interest by both national and international firms, expanding speculation in land and real estate, and grossly inadequate housing conditions facing significant sections of both the urban and rural population. Legal and other protections afforded by the current legal framework, the new Farmland Law and other newly enacted legislation are wholly inadequate. These conditions are further compounded by a range of additional HLP challenges linked both to the various peace negotiations and armed insurgencies in the east of the country, in particular Kachin State, and the unrest in Rakhine State in the western region. The Government and people of Myanmar are thus struggling with a series of HLP challenges that require immediate, high-level and creative attention in a rights-based and consistent manner. As the country begins what will be a long and arduous journey toward democratization, the rule of law and stable new institutions, laws and procedures, the time is ripe for the Government to work together with all stakeholders active within the HLP sector to develop a unique Myanmar- centric approach to addressing HLP challenges that shows the country?s true potential. And it is also time for the Government to begin to take comprehensive measures - some quick and short-term, others more gradual and long-term - to equitably and intelligently address the considerable HLP challenges the country faces, and grounding these firmly within the reform process.Having thoroughly examined the de facto and de jure HLP situation in the country based on numerous interviews, reports and visits, combined with an exhaustive review of the entire HLP legislative framework in place in the country, this report recommends that the following four general measures be commenced by the Government of Myanmar before the end of 2012 to improve the HLP prospects of Myanmar:..."
Source/publisher: Displacement Solutions
Date of publication: 2012-10-25
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-26
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1.43 MB
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Title: Humanitarian Bulletin - Myanmar, September 2012
Description/subject: "Concurrent emergencies in Rakhine and Kachin. Approximately 150,000 persons remain displaced in Kachin and Rakhine States and many more have been affected in the two crises. These emergencies continue to place serious pressure on humanitarian partners to meet the needs of the most vulnerable, in an environment where resources are inadequate and access is challenging. The number of IDPs in Kachin and northern Shan states increased to some 75,000 in September from approximately 70,000 in August, following the intensification of clashes in some areas and the forced return from China of some 5,900 people. Since mid-July international humanitarian partners have not been permitted to reach some 54 percent of the IDPs (over 39,000 people). Between April and mid-July, access was officially granted to all but 14,000 IDPs in hard to reach areas. Humanitarian assistance provision is urgently required, especially for those who have been recently displaced. An additional concern is also the situation of some 8,000to 10,000 IDPs in or around Hpakan being stranded due to ongoing clashes with several civilian casualties being recorded. By mid-October, clashes moved out of urban areas and some of the civilians managed to return home.
Source/publisher: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
Date of publication: 2012-08-31
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-26
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 177.33 KB
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Title: NOT ALL THAT GLITTERS IS GOLD: BURMA?S FACADE OF REFORM
Description/subject: "When President Thein Sein took office on 30 March 2011, Burma ranked near the bottom of virtually all international indexes that measured adherence to civil and political rights, press freedom, corruption, and economic freedom. With a baseline so low, Thein Sein was able to undertake a series of initiatives that gave the appearance of reform but which, in fact, brought very limited benefits for the overwhelming majority of Burmese people. Thein Sein?s failure to stop human rights violations and to initiate fundamental legislative and institutional reforms effectively blocks Burma?s progress towards genuine democracy and national reconciliation. The regime has so far failed to meet the minimum benchmarks that the UN established to measure Burma?s progress toward democratization, national reconciliation, and respect for human rights. It is time for the international community to shape their policies vis-?-vis Burma based on the regime?s concrete progress (or lack thereof) towards implementing genuine reforms, without being swayed by Naypyidaw?s well-orchestrated public relations campaign. Truly democratic reforms must focus on halting impunity and implementing measures to prevent the recurrence of human rights violations. They must include: the unconditional release of ALL political prisoners; amendments to the 2008 constitution and laws not in line with international standards; the end of all military offensives in ethnic areas as well as the holding of time-bound genuine political dialogue with ethnic armed groups; and tangible steps towards the respect and promotion of human rights."
Source/publisher: ALTSEAN-Burma (Issues & Concerns Vol. 8):
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-25
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Local URL:
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Title: Supplement to ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR (Fourth Edition) Articles for September 2012
Description/subject: "This is the fifth in a series of supplements to the fourth edition of The Electrical Industry of Burma/Myanmar which was published in April 2012. Approximately 350 cross-linked articles in the original cover many aspects of the industry including the development of the hydro and thermal power resources of the country, the increasing intervention of foreign and national companies in this economic sector, the production of electrical and electronic goods, government plans and regulation of the industry, the development of the national power grid and alternative and sources of electricity, among others. This supplement covers articles published in September, 2012, but also includes a couple of articles that were published earlier. The fourth edition of the compendium can be accessed using the following URL: http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs2/ELEC-Burma-4th-edition.pdf. Previous supplements for April-May 2012, June 2012, July 2012 and August 2012 are available at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Elec- Sup-April-May2012.pdf, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Elec-Sup-June2012.pdf, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Electricity-Sup-3July2012.pdf and http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs14/Elec- Sup4-August-2012.pdf. Note that the titles of some of the articles included in the supplements have been altered to indicate with more precision the contents of the item or article. Summaries of some of the articles are included."
Source/publisher: Courier Research Associates
Date of publication: 2012-10-15
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-23
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 126.33 KB
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Title: The 2008 Constitution and Ethnic Issues: To What Extent Did It Satisfy the Aspirations of Various Ethnic Groups? (Burmese)
Description/subject: Abstract: "Since the beginning, in 1961 at the Taungyi Conference, the ?Federal Movement?, which would eventually result in a military coup in 1962, the ethnic nationalities in Burma have all been consistently demanding the rebuilding of the Union of Burma based on the spirit of Panglong and the principles of democracy, political equality and internal self-determination. They have further argued that the constitution of the Union should be formed in accordance with the principles of federalism and democratic decentralization, which would guarantee the democratic rights of citizens of Burma including the principles contained in the United Nation?s declaration of universal human rights. On the formation of a genuine Federal Union, ethnic nationalities demand that all member states of the Union have their separate constitutions, their own organs of state, that is, State Legislative Assembly, State Government and State Supreme Court. In their proposal, the ethnic nationalities demanded that the Union Assembly should be a bicameral legislature consisting of a Chamber of Nationalities (Upper House) and a Chamber of Deputies (Lower House), and each member state of the Union should send an equal number of representatives to the Upper House regardless of its population or size. They also demand that the Union of Burma be composed of National States; and all National States of the Union be constituted in terms of ethnicity or historic ethnic homelands, rather than geographical areas. Moreover, the residual powers, that is, all powers, except those given by member states to the federal center, or the Union, must be vested in the Legislative Assembly of the National State. In this way, the Union Constitution automatically allocates political authority of legislative, judicial, and administrative powers to the Ethnic National States. Thus, all member states of the Union would be able to exercise the right of self-determination freely through the right of self-government within their respective National States. When the military regime, which traditionally was the strongest opponent of the ethnic nationalities? demands, adopted a new constitution in 2008 it contained certain Author I Lian H. Sakhong elements of federalism. These included a bicameral legislature consisting of a Amyotha Hlutdaw and a Pyituh Hlutdaw, equal representation from each state at a Chamber of Nationalities, and all member states of the Union having their own separate State Assemblies and State governments. This paper will address to what extent the 2008 Constitution satisfies the aspirations of various the Ethnic Nationalities in Burma. I shall, however, limit myself in this paper within the constitutional framework of the ?form of state? - that is, how the Union is structured and how much power and status is given to member states of the Union."
Source/publisher: Burma Centre for Ethnic Studies (Analysis Paper No. 5)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-23
Type: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ
Format : pdf
Size: 197.09 KB
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Title: The 2008 Constitution and Ethnic Issues: To What Extent Did It Satisfy the Aspirations of Various Ethnic Groups? (English)
Description/subject: Abstract: "Since the beginning, in 1961 at the Taungyi Conference, the ?Federal Movement?, which would eventually result in a military coup in 1962, the ethnic nationalities in Burma have all been consistently demanding the rebuilding of the Union of Burma based on the spirit of Panglong and the principles of democracy, political equality and internal self-determination. They have further argued that the constitution of the Union should be formed in accordance with the principles of federalism and democratic decentralization, which would guarantee the democratic rights of citizens of Burma including the principles contained in the United Nation?s declaration of universal human rights. On the formation of a genuine Federal Union, ethnic nationalities demand that all member states of the Union have their separate constitutions, their own organs of state, that is, State Legislative Assembly, State Government and State Supreme Court. In their proposal, the ethnic nationalities demanded that the Union Assembly should be a bicameral legislature consisting of a Chamber of Nationalities (Upper House) and a Chamber of Deputies (Lower House), and each member state of the Union should send an equal number of representatives to the Upper House regardless of its population or size. They also demand that the Union of Burma be composed of National States; and all National States of the Union be constituted in terms of ethnicity or historic ethnic homelands, rather than geographical areas. Moreover, the residual powers, that is, all powers, except those given by member states to the federal center, or the Union, must be vested in the Legislative Assembly of the National State. In this way, the Union Constitution automatically allocates political authority of legislative, judicial, and administrative powers to the Ethnic National States. Thus, all member states of the Union would be able to exercise the right of self-determination freely through the right of self-government within their respective National States. When the military regime, which traditionally was the strongest opponent of the ethnic nationalities? demands, adopted a new constitution in 2008 it contained certain Author I Lian H. Sakhong elements of federalism. These included a bicameral legislature consisting of a Amyotha Hlutdaw and a Pyituh Hlutdaw, equal representation from each state at a Chamber of Nationalities, and all member states of the Union having their own separate State Assemblies and State governments. This paper will address to what extent the 2008 Constitution satisfies the aspirations of various the Ethnic Nationalities in Burma. I shall, however, limit myself in this paper within the constitutional framework of the ?form of state? - that is, how the Union is structured and how much power and status is given to member states of the Union."
Source/publisher: Burma Centre for Ethnic Studies (Analysis Paper No. 5)
Date of publication: 2012-09-30
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-22
Type: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 196.29 KB
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Title: GA 2012 (67th Session): Report by the Special Rapporteur on Myanmar (Russian)
Description/subject: Резюме : За отчетный период в Мьянме вновь имели место существенные и стреми- тельные перемены, которые могут дополнительно улучшить положение в облас- ти прав человека в стране, однако сохраняются долгосрочные проблемы, кото- рые продолжают создавать угрозу для процесса реформ. ..... Содержание Стр. I. Введение ... II. Положение в области прав человека : A. Узники совести; B. Условия содержания и обращение с заключенными; C. Прочие вопросы, касающиеся гражданских и политических прав; D. Гражданское общество; E. Экономические, социальные и культурные права ... III. Положение этнических меньшинств... IV. Положение в штате Ракхайн... V. Демократические преобразования и обеспечение верховенства права ... VI. Истина, справедливость и подотчетность ... VII. Выводы ... VIII. Рекомендации
Source/publisher: United Nations General Assembly (A/67/383)
Date of publication: 2012-09-25
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-22
Type: Individual Documents
Language: Russian
Format : pdf
Size: 385.33 KB
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Title: GA 2012 (67th Session): Report by the Special Rapporteur on Myanmar (Chinese)
Description/subject: 第六十七届会议 临时议程* 项目70(c) 促进和保护人权：人权状况及特别 报告员和代表的报告 伊朗伊斯兰共和国的人权状况 秘书长的说明 秘书长谨向大会成员转递由伊朗伊斯兰共和国人权状况特别报告员艾哈迈 德?沙希德依照人权理事会第16/9 号决议提交的报告。特别报告员已向大会第 六十六届会议提交第一份临时报告，并向人权理事会第十九届会议提交了第一次 报告，而人权理事会则在该届会议上延长了特别报告员的任期。 本报告没有涵盖该国境内所有潜在的侵犯人权行为，但概述了当前人权状 况，尤其是对伊朗伊斯兰共和国履行国际义务的能力构成阻碍的系统性问题。.....目录 段次页次 一. 导言.............................................................. 1-6 3 二. 工作方法.......................................................... 7-9 4 三. 公民和政治权利.................................................... 10-51 4 A. 言论自由和知情权 .............................................. 10-22 4 B. 集会和结社自由 ................................................ 23-25 8 人权维护者.................................................... 26-28 9 C. 宗教自由 ...................................................... 29-31 10 1. 巴哈教 .................................................... 32-33 10 2. 基督教 .................................................... 34-36 11 3. 伊斯兰教苦行僧教派 ........................................ 37-39 11 D. 司法 .......................................................... 40 12 1. 修订版伊斯兰刑法 .......................................... 40-44 12 2. 适当程序权利 .............................................. 45-48 13 3. 法律界的独立性 ............................................ 49-51 14 4. 监狱状况 .................................................. 52 15 5. 酷刑、残忍和有辱人格的惩罚及处决 .......................... 53-56 15 四. 经济、社会和文化权利.............................................. 57-69 16 获得教育、经济、社会和文化发展的权利.......................... 58-62 16 1. 阿拉伯社区 ................................................ 63-66 17 2. 阿塞拜疆人 ................................................ 67-69 18 五. 儿童权利.......................................................... 70-73 19 A. 处决，残忍和有辱人格的惩罚 .................................... 70-72 19 B. 童婚 .......................................................... 73 20 六. 结论和建议........................................................
Source/publisher: United Nations General Assembly (A/67/383
Date of publication: 2012-09-25
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-22
Type: Individual Documents
Language: Chinese
Format : pdf
Size: 374.87 KB
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