"Background and Introduction UN Women, grounded in the vision of equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, works for the elimination of discrimination against women and girls, the empowerment of women and the achievement of equality between women and men as partners and beneficiaries of development, human rights, humanitarian action and peace and security. Placing women’s rights at the centre of all its efforts, UN Women leads and coordinates gender mainstreaming across the United Nations system to ensure that commitments on gender equality and gender mainstreaming translate into action throughout the world. In 2022, UN Women officially became a member of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, affirming a stronger commitment to incorporate a gender lens in humanitarian action. In Myanmar, UN Women and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) co-led the Gender in Humanitarian Action working group (GiHA WG), which evolved from the need to respond to the increasing demand for technical support for gender mainstreaming humanitarian action. Its membership includes UN agencies, international and local nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), women-led and women-focused civil society organizations (CSOs), and other organizations that are working in humanitarian response with gender mandates or implementing gender-related activities. The primary goal of the GiHA WG is to promote the integration of gender considerations into humanitarian actions across operations and analysis, including sectors, clusters and cross-cutting themes. The international humanitarian organization, CARE, developed the Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA) Toolkit to help humanitarian actors understand the different needs, capacities and coping strategies of women, men, boys and girls in crisis situations. RGAs have been conducted in more than 30 countries and can be adapted to focus on protection, urban areas or remote data collection settings. In Myanmar, however, collecting data via traditional methods (interviews, surveys and group discussions) is highly complex, sometimes not possible and puts people (both data collectors and affected populations) at risk. Observational data collection can help mitigate these risks and does not rely on people’s ability or willingness to provide information. Instead, it relies on what the data collector can see and observe in the community. With this in mind, in 2023, CARE and the GiHA WG together adapted the RGA to the Myanmar context, creating the Observational Gender Review (OGR). An OGR informs humanitarian responses by developing nuanced data and information on the impacts of a crisis on different groups. It helps to identify gender dynamics, assess gendered impacts, and support gender-responsive programming without directly questioning members of the affected community. Conducting either an RGA or OGR allows humanitarian actors to collect important information about gender roles and responsibilities, capacities and vulnerabilities after a shock, as well as potential protection risks among women and girls. RGAs are conducted rapidly and in circumstances where resources are scarce. RGAs, and therefore OGRs, build on existing primary and secondary information in addition to collecting new primary data. Finally, both RGAs and OGRs aim to inform programming by providing operational recommendations to meet the different needs of women, men, girls and boys..."