Sustainable/alternative development in and for Burma

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Description: "Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach for developing actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support development and ensure food security under climate change. CSA aims to tackle three main objectives: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible (http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/en/). FAOs CCA foresee a broader approach, working to build synergies among social protection and climate change to achieve sustainable growth and eliminate rural poverty. FAO uses a “twin-track” approach, on the one hand taking immediate steps to protect and support agriculture, food and nutrition, and on the other addressing in the longer term the underlying factors driving risks, disasters and crises. FAO’s work focuses on developing, protecting and restoring sustainable livelihoods so that the integrity of societies that depend on farming, livestock, fish, forests and other natural resources is not threatened by crises. CSA uses a comprehensive approach in seeking to improve rural livelihoods, increasing the productivity and resilience of poor communities, including rural women and girls, while also providing mitigation benefits. Climate-smart agriculture is a holistic system applicable to big farms cultivating thousands of acres as well as smallholder farmers who live and work on fewer than 10 acres of land. The principles can have positive effects for farmers, the land, water, and wildlife. It helps reduce the negative impacts of climate change to agriculture and boost positive ones, protecting agroecosystems, and promoting healthier, more resilient landscapes, which in the aggregate, contributes to climate change mitigation and food security. Being an agricultural country, Myanmar economy mainly relies on agriculture. In Myanmar, most of the people consider “Agriculture” as the production of crops. However, it has a wider scope not only crop and livestock production but also covers fisheries and forest management. Agriculture sector contributed to 28.6 % of total export earnings in 2015-2016 and employed 61.25 % of the labour force (MOALI, 2017)..."
Source/publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update: 2019-06-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 6.57 MB
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Description: "sustainable land management; sustainable forest management; ecosystem approaches; climate-smart agriculture; climate change mitigation; community-based forest enterprise development; Myanmar; SDG: 02. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture..."
Source/publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
2019-01-01
Date of entry/update: 2019-06-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 5.85 MB
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Description: "ဒ်သိးကညီသးစၢ်သ့ၣ်တဖၣ်ကဃူဖိးအဂီၢ် ပညိၣ်၀ဲဒီး ရဲၣ်ကျဲၤမၤ၀ဲ ကညီသးစၢ်လၢ ကီၢ်ခီဒိၣ်(၁၁)အပူၤ ပၣ်ဃုာ်၀ဲအံၤ သးစၢ်တၢ်ရ့လိာ်မုာ်လိာ် ( Karen Youth Fellowship) တခါ ဖဲယနူၤအါရံၤ၂၉သီလၢ ခ့ၣ်အဲၣ်ယူၣ်=ကညီဒီကလုာ်စၢဖှိၣ်ကရၢတၢ်ပၢ ဖၣ်အၣ်ကီၢ်ရ့ၣ်၊ သ့ၣ်ဘ့ၣ်ထၣ်တၢ်လီၢ်အပူၤန့ၣ်လီၤႉ တၢ်ရဲၣ်တၢ်ကျဲၤ၀ဲၤန့ၣ်အပူၤ ကညီသးစၢ်ကရၢ (KYO)ကညီသးစၢ်ဘျးစဲ(KYN)ဒီး ကညီသးစၢ်တၢ်မုာ်တၢ်ခုၣ်ဒီးတၢ်ဂုၤထီၣ်ပသီထီၣ်ကမံးတံာ်ခိၣ်နၢ်တဖၣ်ရဲၣ်ကျဲၤမၤ၀ဲန့ၣ်လီၤ..." "ကရင်လူငယ်များပိုမိုစုစည်းရန် ရည်ရွယ်ကာ ပြည်တွင်း၊ နယ်စပ် အပါအဝင် ဒေသကြီး ၁၁ခု လူငယ်များ ပါဝင်တက်ရောက်သည့် ကရင်လူငယ် မိတ်သင်္ဂဟာရ (Karen Youth Fellowship ) ကို ကေအဲန်ယူ-ကရင်အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး၏ ဖားအံခရိုင်၊ သေ့ဘေ့ထာ့ နေရာ၌ ယနေ့ (ဇန်နဝါရီလ ၂၉ရက်) နေ့တွင် ကျင်းပခဲ့သည်။ယနေ့ ကျင်းပသည့် အခမ်းအနားကို ကရင်လူငယ်အစည်းအရုံး(KYO)၊ ကရင်လူငယ်ကွန်ရက်(KYN) ၊ ကရင်လူငယ် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေး ကော်မတီမှ ခေါင်းဆောင်များမှ ဦးဆောင်ကာ ကျင်းပခြင်း လည်းဖြစ်သည်။..."
Creator/author: နါဖီမွံၤရှါ
Source/publisher: KIC (Karen Information Center)
2019-01-29
Date of entry/update: 2019-02-25
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Sgaw Karen, Burmese မြန်မာဘာသာ
Font: Zawgyi
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Description: "Is it possible for Myanmar to take a path to sustainable development that would avoid the pitfalls of the orthodox development paradigm? This report argues that this is not only necessary but possible. Before elucidating this alternative paradigm, the report discusses Myanmar?s economic past and where it?s headed under the current paradigm. Starting with land and agriculture, it explains how the repressive extraction of the agricultural surplus coupled with massive land-grabbing produced a crisis-ridden and stagnant agriculture during the military regime. It then argues that the Agriculture Development Strategy and Investment Policy (ADS) proposed by the multilateral agencies will simply insert Myanmar into a regional process of agricultural and natural resource extraction that is termed, euphemistically, the ?value chain,” and further a process of ?accumulation by dispossession” of peasant households and ethnic communities stemming from a fatal combination of coercive and market mechanisms. The paper then moves to a discussion of industrial policy, where it probes how and why the military regime?s experiments with industrialization failed, after which it lays out a critique of the foreign investment-led and export-oriented industrialization process promoted by the Japanese government, subjecting to close scrutiny the key pillars of this strategy: economic corridors to promote regional connectivity, special economic zones (SEZ?s), and the ?fragmentation” of the process of production that is supposed to benefit Myanmar. In the next section, the report takes up the debate over Myanmar?s energy future and closely examines the pros and cons of the coal, hydro, and renewable energy paths, showing how the coal and hydro options, are strongly influenced in part by corporate, institutional, and geopolitical interests, while raising some issues with respect to one of the proposed renewable energy strategies. Moving from energy policy to a discussion of an extremely influential economic group, the so-called cronies, the paper takes a close look at the different conglomerates that have been favored by the military regime which now dominate Myanmar?s economy, touches on the National League for Democracy (NLD) government?s current relations with them, and discusses the likely future of the cronies in the foreign investment-led strategy favored by the Japanese and the international donors. It comes to the conclusion that without significant restitution for past plunder and strict tax rules aimed at redistributing a significant part of their wealth, the cronies will not desist from their predatory ways, thus jeopardizing the country?s economic future. Finally moving on to the proposal for an alternative development paradigm, the report first lays out its critique of the neoliberal paradigm that guides the proposed strategies coming from the donors, using Karl Polanyi?s concept of the ?dis-embedded market.” An alternative strategy or Post-Neoliberal Paradigm (PNP) in contrast, would essentially be one where the market is re-embedded in and governed by a matrix of overarching values. The paper then recommends an agriculture- led PNP for Myanmar, laying out the key principles that would guide it, such as the priority of equality, synergy between the economy and the environment, subsidiarity, and democratic decision-making in all aspects of economic management. With respect to the role of the agricultural sector in the PNP, the report contends that among the key institutional preconditions for the success of such an approach would be the establishment of a body to dispense agrarian justice and the repeal and amendment of a number of land- related laws. Moving on, the paper proposes an agriculture- and countryside-led industrialization process promoted by local community enterprises, cooperatives, small and medium private enterprises, and state enterprises that focus on socially useful production such as making e xecutive s ummary transnational institute Paradigm Trap: The development establishment?s embrace of Myanmar and how to break loose | 7 industrial inputs for organic agriculture, medicinal products for treating tropical diseases and relieving pain, and solar and renewable energy devices for a decentralized renewable energy path. The elements of an alternative trade strategy are then highlighted, followed by a discussion of what a solar-based energy infrastructure would entail. The report concludes with a discussion of process and proposes principles that would guide the elaboration and implementation of an alternative PNP..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Transnational Institute (TNI) and Paung Ku (PK)
2018-05-24
Date of entry/update: 2018-05-26
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 882.16 KB
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Description: "... This piece of community initiated action research reveals a number of lessons we can learn. The authors try to reflect the challenges of and opportunities for community based natural resources management in a seemingly forgotten Karen controlled area of southern Myanmar. The paper examines a number of case studies including the construction of a local water supply system, the establishment of fish conservation zones and community-driven forest conservation. An evolutionary development of community based networks such as CSLD (Community Sustainable Livelihood and Development), IRIP-NET (Tenasserim River and Indigenous People Network) and RKIP (Rays of Kamoethway Indigenous People and Nature) and their collaborative action to address emerging Natural Resources Management issues in their land are well illustrated in the paper..."
Source/publisher: Tenasserim River & Indigenous People Networks (TRIP NET), Rays of Kamoethway Indigenous People and Nature (RKIPN)
2016-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2016-04-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 3.13 MB
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Description: "Practically isolated from the global market for 50 years, Myanmar is still largely dependent on agriculture. But the country is one of the most at risk from climate change and no one feels these pressures more than the rural smallholder farmers who make up the backbone of its food system and rural economy. Shorter monsoons and rising temperatures mean severe droughts have become more frequent in recent decades. This has led to higher levels of saltwater intrusion in important rice growing territories and an increase in the risk of complete crop failure. Proximity Designs is a social enterprise which was founded to provide farmers with low-cost, low-tech equipment to help them adapt and thrive in their changing environment. They ensure their products are both affordable and suitable by employing a team of data-gatherers to conduct thorough research within the farming communities. And thanks to a network of some 900 scooter-driving "field agents", their products can even find their way to the most remote parts of the country. Russell Beard travels to Myanmar to meet the innovators behind Proximity Designs and to see how their products and expertise are helping farmers stay one step ahead in a changing world."
Creator/author: Russell Beard
Source/publisher: Al Jazeera (Earthrise)
2015-05-04
Date of entry/update: 2015-08-24
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Description: The reform process in Burma/Myanmar by the quasi-civilian government of President Thein Sein has raised hopes that a long overdue solution can be found to more than 60 years of devastating civil war... Burma?s ethnic minority groups have long felt marginalized and discriminated against, resulting in a large number of ethnic armed opposition groups fighting the central government ? dominated by the ethnic Burman majority ? for ethnic rights and autonomy. The fighting has taken place mostly in Burma?s borderlands, where ethnic minorities are most concentrated. Burma is one of the world?s most ethnically diverse countries. Ethnic minorities make up an estimated 30-40 percent of the total population, and ethnic states occupy some 57 percent of the total land area and are home to poor and often persecuted ethnic minority groups. Most of the people living in these impoverished and war-torn areas are subsistence farmers practicing upland cultivation. Economic grievances have played a central part in fuelling the civil war. While the central government has been systematically exploiting the natural resources of these areas, the money earned has not been (re)invested to benefit the local population... Conclusions and Recommendations: The new land and investment laws benefit large corporate investors and not small- holder farmers, especially in ethnic minority regions, and do not take into account land rights of ethnic communities. The new ceasefires have further facilitated land grabbing in conflict-affected areas where large development projects in resource-rich ethnic regions have already taken place. Many ethnic organisations oppose large-scale economic projects in their territories until inclusive political agreements are reached. Others reject these projects outright. Recognition of existing customary and communal tenure systems in land, water, fisheries and forests is crucial to eradicate poverty and build real peace in ethnic areas; to ensure sustainable livelihoods for marginalized ethnic communities affected by decades of war; and to facilitate the voluntary return of IDPs and refugees. Land grabbing and unsustainable business practices must halt, and decisions on the allocation, use and management of natural resources and regional development must have the participation and consent of local communities. Local communities must be protected by the government against land grabbing. The new land and investment laws should be amended and serve the needs and rights of smallholder farmers, especially in ethnic regions.
Source/publisher: Transnational Institute (TNI), Burma Centre Netherlands
2013-05-00
Date of entry/update: 2013-05-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 160.52 KB
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Description: Preface ... Introduction ... The Dag Hammarskjold Foundation and Another Development"... Kjell-Ake Nordquist: "Priorities in Transition and Post-Transitional Challenges" ... Walden Bello: "International Institutions, Transnational Corporations and Globalisation: Future Challenges and Alternative Perspectives" ... Sheila Coronel: "The Role of Media in the Struggle for Democracy, the Role of Media during Transition and the Right to Know" ... Emilia Pires: "Strategies for Development - Experiences from East Timor" ... International Resource Persons..... အမှာစကား ... နိဒါန်း ... ?ဒက်ဟမ်မားရိးဖောင်ဒေးရှင်းနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးအတွက် အခြားနည်းလမ်း ဟောပြော တင်ပြချက်များ ၏အကျဉ်းချုပ်? ... ?အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးတွင် ဦးစားပေးဆောင်ရွက် ရမည့် အချက်များနှင့် အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းပြီးနောက် တွေ့ကြုံရ မည့် ပြဿနာစိမ်ခေါ်ချက်များ? ... ?နိုင်ငံတကာအဖွဲ့အစည်း များ၊ နိုင်ငံဘောင်ကျော်ကော်ပိုရေးရှင်းကြီးများနှင့် ဂလိုဘယ်လိုက်ဇေးရှင်း၊ အနာဂတ်ပြဿနာစိန်ခေါ်ချက်များနှင့် အခြားအမြင်ရဒေါင့်များ? ... ?ဒီမိုကရေစီတိုက်ပွဲတွင်း မီဒီယာ၏အခန်းကဏ္ဍ၊ အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးကာလအတွင်း မီဒီယာ၏ အခန်းကဏ္ဍနှင့် ပြည်သူလူထု၏ သတင်းများရရှိပိုင်ခွင့်?... ?ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေး မဟာဗျူဟာများ၊ အရှေ့တီမော အတွေ့အကြုံ? ... ?နိုင်ငံတကာမှ ဖိတ်ကြားဟောပြောစေသောပညာရှင်များ?
Source/publisher: Dag Hammarskj?ld Foundation
2004-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2012-10-04
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English/Burmese
Format : pdf
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Description: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်အလုပ်အဖွဲ့ (စက်တင်ဘာ ၂ဝဝ၉)...မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင် အလုပ်အဖွဲ့ (BEWG) အကြောင်း? အစီရင်ခံစာ အကျဉ်းချုပ်? နေရာအမည်များနှင့် ငွေကြေး အခေါ်အဝေါ်မှတ်စုများ ? မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမြေပုံနှင့် ဖြစ်ရပ်မှန်လေ့လာမှုဒေသများ ? နိဒါန်း ? ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်? မြေလှန်ပစ်ခြင်း။ ဒီရေတောများ ဖျက်ဆီး ပစ်ခြင်းနှင့် ဒေသခံကမ်းရိုးတမ်း လူမှု အသိုက်အဝန်းများ အပေါ် သက်ရောက် မှုများ။ သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်နှင့် စီးပွားရေးဖွံဖြိုး တိုးတက်မှု လုပ်ငန်းကွန်ယက် (NEED-Burma)? တရုတ် ရေနံရှာဖွေ တူးဖော်ခြင်း ခြိမ်းခြောက်မှုကို ခံနေ ရသော မိရိုးဖလာ ရေနံတွင်းတူးသူများ? အာရ်ရကန် ရေနံစောင့်ကြည့် လေ့လာရေးအဖွဲ့ (AOW)? ကချင်ပြည်နယ် ကချင် ရိုးရာ တိုင်းရင်းဆေး လုပ်ငန်း အစီအစဉ်၊ သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိန်း သိမ်းခြင်းနှင့် ဝင်ငွေဖန်တည်းခြင်း အတွက် အခွင့် အလမ်းများဖန်တီးခြင်း။ ပန်ကချင်လူမှုအသိုက်အဝန်း ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးအဖွဲ့ (PKDS)? ဟူးကောင်း ချိုင့်ဝှမ်း ကျားထိန်းသိမ်းရေး နယ်မြေရှိ ကချင်ပြည်သူများ အခန်းကဏ္ဍ၊ ကချင် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေး လုပ်ငန်းကွန်ယက်အဖွဲ့ (KDNG) ? ကရင်ပြည်နယ် အတွင်းရှိ။ သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ကာကွယ်စောင့် ရှောက်ခြင်း။ ဌာနေ တိုင်းရင်း သားများ အသိပညာ နှင့် အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းမှု၊ သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိန်းသိမ်းသော လူမှုအသိုက်အဝန်းတစ်ခု ကိုလေ့လာခြင်း၊ ကရင်သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် နှင့် လူမှုရေး လှုပ်ရှားမှု ကွန်ယက် (KESAN) ? မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် အလုပ်အဖွဲ့ ကရင်ပြည် နယ် မြောက် ဘက်ခြမ်း အတွင်း အစားအစာ လုံခြုံမှု နှင့် ဒေသခံ ပြည်သူများ ရင်ဆိုင် ဖြေရှင်းခြင်း နည်းလမ်းများ အပေါ်ခြိမ်းခြောက်မှုများ။ ကရင်သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် နှင့် လူမှုရေး လှုပ်ရှားမှု ကွန်ယက် (KESAN)? ပဲခူးတိုင်း။ ရွှေကျင်မြို့နယ်အတွင်း ရွှေတူးဖော်ခြင်း။ မြေကမ္ဘာအခွင့်အရေး(EarthRights International)? နှစ်မြုပ်ပစ်လိုက်ခြင်း - တာဆန်းရေကာတာ နှင့် ဒေသခံ ရှမ်းလူမှုအသိုက် အဝန်းနှင့်သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်အပေါ် သက်ရောက်မှု။ ရှမ်းသဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိန်းသိမ်းရေး အဖွဲ့ (Sapawa)? မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါး တိုင်းပြည် တည်ဆောက်ခြင်း နှင့် သန္တာကျောက်တန်း ဖောက်ခွဲခြင်း။ ညံ့ဖျင်းသည့် နိုင်ငံတော်က ကျောထောက် နောက်ခံ ပြု ထားသော ဖွံဖြိုး တိုးတက်ရေး လုပ်ငန်း စီမံချက်များနှင့် လားဟူ ပြည်သူများအပေါ် သက်ရောက်မှုများ။ လားဟူအမျိုးသား ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးအဖွဲ့ (LNDO)?
Source/publisher: Burma Environmental Working Group (BEWG)
2009-09-00
Date of entry/update: 2012-02-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Size: 5.46 MB
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Description: CONTENTS Acknowledgments ...About BEWG ... Executive Summary... Notes on Place Names and Currency... Burma Map & Case Study Areas ... Introduction ..... Arakan State: Cut into the Ground: The Destruction of Mangroves and its Impacts on Local Coastal Communities (Network for Environmental and Economic Development - Burma)... Traditional Oil Drillers Threatened by Chinaâ�?„?s Oil Exploration (Arakan Oil Watch)..... Kachin State: Kachin Herbal Medicine Initiative: Creating Opportunities for Conservation and Income Generation (Pan Kachin Development Society) ... The Role of Kachin People in the Hugawng Valley Tiger Reserve (Kachin Development Networking Group) ..... Karen State: Environmental Protection, Indigenous Knowledge and Livelihood in Karen State: A Focus on Community Conserved Areas (Karen Environmental and Social Action Network) ... Threats to Food Security and Local Coping Strategies in Northern Karen State (Karen Environmental and Social Action Network) ... Gold Mining in Shwegyin Township, Pegu Division (EarthRights International) ..... Shan State: Drowned Out: The Tasang Dam and its Impacts on Local Shan Communities and the Environment (Shan Sapawa Environmental Organization) ... Building up of the Narco-State and Reef Blasting: Failed State-Sponsored Development Projects and their Impacts on the Lahu People (Lahu National Development Organization)
Source/publisher: Burma Environmental Working Group (BEWG)
2009-09-00
Date of entry/update: 2009-12-04
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 2.27 MB
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Description: Report from the High-Level Seminar...Table of contents: Introduction; The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Another development; Summary of presentations; Kjell-Åke Nordquist of the Peace and Conflict Research Department at Uppsala University: ?Priorities in Transition? and �Post-Transitional Challenges?; Walden Bello of Focus on the Global South: �International Institutions, Transnational Corporations and Globalisation â€? Future Challenges and Alternative Perspectives?; Sheila Coronel of the Philippine Centre for Investigative Journalism: ?The Role of Media in the Struggle for Democracy?, �The Role of Media During Transition? and �The Right to Know?; Emilia Pires of the Ministry of Planning and Finances of East Timor: ?Strategies for Development ?; Appendix I, Programme; Appendix II, International Resource Persons; Appendix III, List of Participants...
Source/publisher: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation
2003-01-12
Date of entry/update: 2005-01-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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