"Introduction 1.16th April 2023 marked the second anniversary of the formation of the National Unity Government (NUG) with the consent of National Unity Consultative Committee (NUCC). The NUCC is a coalition of political forces representing Myanmar’s people. It includes the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, whose de jure legitimacy rests on electoral victory in the 2020 general election. The NUCC also includes representatives of ethnic revolutionary organizations, civil society, and other political forces with de facto legitimacy derived from their high level of public support. Domestic and international observers deemed the 2020 general election free and fair. Turnout was 75.96%. Over the two years, the NUG has exercised its authority as a legitimate government, recognized and backed by the Myanmar public and has worked hard to reward the public’s trust in cooperation with all the revolutionary forces. International Relations 2. In the last two years, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been meeting with ASEAN, EU and officials from many other countries, informing them of the current political conditions of Myanmar. The Ministry has also worked consistently to mobilize humanitarian aid, seek economic sanctions against the military junta and their family members, seek prosecutions, and help restore democracy in Myanmar. Meetings have also been held with foreign ministers, members of the United States Congress and Senate, and the National Security Adviser to United States President Joe Biden. Not only has the NUG been able to open representative offices in eight countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Australia, France, Norway, South Korea, and Japan, it has also managed to give assistance and protection to resident Myanmar citizens, in liaison with relevant authorities in these countries. In addition, it advocated for the incorporation of the Burma Act 2022 into National Defence Authorisation Act 2023. It has also established liaison with parliaments in seven countries. The NUG is also in the process of implementing the Policy on Rohingya in Arakan State. As announced in 2021, NUG policy is that Rohingya will be repatriated with dignity and of free will and be given equal rights in all aspects of law. The NUG has also systematically collected evidence and collated data on 171 atrocities committed by the military junta. These include crimes against humanity and mass killings of ethnic groups. The NUG has submitted the evidence to the UN’s Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM) of the Human Rights Council so that justice can be served in the post revolution period. On 1st February it announced that all objections against the case of Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingya People brought against Myanmar by Gambia in the International Court of Justice were withdrawn. With the help of expert organisations with special interests in universal jurisdiction, cases have been brought against the military junta in Germany, Argentina, and Turkey. There will be more prosecutions brought forward in other countries with their help. A case has also been filed against the military council in the International Criminal Court in accordance with the Rome Statute Penal code 12 (3) on 17th July 2021. We will continue to strive to achieve truth and justice. Military Affairs and Defections to the People’s Embrace 3.Within this two-year period, we have been able to assemble a fighting force with manpower stronger than our enemy by, with more than 300 battalions of the People’s Defence Forces (PDF) plus village-based people’s defence forces in 250 townships. By becoming allied with Ethnic Revolutionary Organisations, we have been able to establish a Central Command and Coordination Committee (C3C) and Joint Coordination Committee (J2C), aiming to develop a systematic chain of command in each theatre of the conflict. With monetary help from the Myanmar public and by allying with the Ethnic Revolutionary Forces we have been able to arm the PDFs to a certain standard. We have also been successful in manufacturing arms and munitions ourselves. However, to be able to achieve victory against a well-armed enemy, we are trying hard to source much-needed anti-aircraft weapons. Based on the guerrilla warfare ethos of village-based forces encircling towns, we have been able to make territorial gains in villages and village tracts with the aim of threatening townships and districts held by the enemy and disrupting their line of communications and chain of command as the next step. What started as a phase of strategic defence, has now progressed to the phase of strategic equilibrium. For us to move on to the next phase of strategic counter-offensive we are in the process of trying to acquire strategic armaments. According to our records, during the phase of strategic defence, there was an estimated loss of enemy’s 30,000 lives lost, with 10,000 or so injured. In addition, 13,000 men and women have defected from the army and police force to the public side, acting on their dissent against the coup. Development of Interim Local Government 4. After the development of Interim Local Public Administration Central Committee and its policy advancement in September 2021, to date the NUG has been able to establish Township People’s Administration in 171 Townships in the NUG controlled Free Zones and District level Administrations in 10 districts as well. Administrative offices were set up at the same time as the People’s Police Force was formed for the safety of the public, on 7th June 2022. A 169-strong police force in interim administrative areas is in place, where basic police training takes place together with criminal investigations and gathering of information on the military council with the intention of averting their atrocities. A taxation system has also been instituted in these areas and 10 billion Myanmar Kyats revenue has been collected. The income from taxation has been used for defence and the rebuilding of the local area and humanitarian aid. Regular discussions and consultations with State Consultative Councils and Committees Representing Hluttaw take place to ensure that regional administrations take place in respective in Regions, Divisions and Federal units. On 5th June 2021 the NUG organised and formed the Ministry of Justice with civil servants, judiciary officials, judges and academics who were all part of the Civil Disobedience Movement in order to afford justice and uphold the rule of law for the public during the interim and transition periods. At the moment, in this interim period, there are 25 township law courts with 118 judges who are able to pass judgement on criminal and civil cases. Alliance Relationship 5. The various ministries of the NUG are continually collaborating with our ethnic allies on various aspects of management. This cooperation has not only improved relationships, but also created a strong bond. The Alliance Relationship Committee (ARC) was formed on 4th January 2022 and together all political, military, security, defence and administrative concerns were being coordinated and resolved. The Alliance Relationship Committee, collectively with Ethnic Organisations including the Ethnic Revolutionary Organisations, political parties, revolutionary forces and various consultative councils have all been in consultation and have worked together in matters ranging from humanitarian aid to military affairs, defence, health and education. There have been conferences and meetings to achieve more unity and consensus to rid the country of military dictatorship and work towards building a future federal democracy. Public Services 6. A force of over 100,000 teachers and education officials, who took part in the Civil Disobedience Movement are providing primary education, higher education, vocational training, and teachers’ training nationally, either through online teaching or face to face on the ground teaching and use of digital-based learning methods. There are 70 online schools, 5000 schools on the ground where face-to-face teaching takes place with 60,000 teachers and a student population of over 750,000. There are also pupils using the Digital-based learning methods. There are 304 townships where township education boards have been formed with links to the Ministry of Education. Education Policy of Federal Democracy is being drafted by a combined committee of the NUG-NUCC. Primary Education Congress and Higher Education Congresses have been held and the motions passed at these meetings are being implemented. Basic Education Completion Assessment (BECA) was held February 2023 and April 2023 and 23,000 candidates took part online and 38,877 students sat for the assessment at 329 centres. NUG was able to provide humanitarian assistance worth of 66 billion Myanmar Kyat (USD 2.3 million). This food assistance reaches over 200,000 internally displaced each month. Temporary accommodation, such as tents, has been provided for and to date a total of 2239 tents had been provided for. 798 bomb shelters have been built in schools for pupils to take protection from the terrorist council’s air strikes, and 117 million Kyats has been spent from donation money. Educational leaflets were also printed to inform people about the full range of dangers. 352 aid workers from different states and regions were trained on community level harm reduction and emergency response measures. A needs assessment on humanitarian aid was carried out in 39 townships within Sagaing and Magway divisions, where the number of internally displaced is highest. The assessment has been shared with donor countries, the United Nations, and the ASEAN. In order to reduce civilian casualties and to provide safe humanitarian aid corridors, an inclusive humanitarian aid forum is being established with the help of allied ethnic forces, civil society organisations and allied countries. The “Mind Healer” social media Facebook page, a mental health support program has assisted 823 civilians and 422 CDM civil servants. Support has also been provided to 469 political prisoners, including some transgender prisoners, 400 adolescent political prisoners, 111,914 pregnant and lactating women, and 3,000 people those who needed emergency safe houses and camp training. Data on crimes committed by the military council against children are being documented and reported. The dissemination of information on children’s rights and the prevention of recruitment of child soldiers are widely done. The medical and surgical treatment of people wounded by the military council, providing prosthesis to amputees and performing emergency caesarean sections to deliver babies are all part of the care that is being provided by NUG. The military council is conducting air strikes against hospitals and clinics, as well as ground raids, attacks and arson. To prevent aerial attacks and offer emergency aid, we are providing the necessary training in first aid and procuring emergency kits. In 198 Townships (60% of the townships in the country), there are 66 hospitals, 159 clinics, 250 mobile clinics providing routine and emergency health care with a total of 3,832 health workers of whom 78% are professionals who joined the Civil Disobedience Movement. In addition, the ethnic health organizations have a significant health work force. The total healthcare expenditure was US$ 2,000,000. Civil Disobedience Movement 7. In order to support all civil servants who take part in the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), the CDM Success Committee was formed on 27th April 2021 with Union Ministers, deputy Ministers, representatives from CRPH and an extensive network of CDMers. This committee submitted the September 2021 CDM Report to UN credential, published the one-year anniversary CDM Information Report and collected the CDM surveys. In addition, budget calculations are being carried out to award the CDM prizes and to make salary payments. About 4,000 million Myanmar Kyats was used to support the emergency needs of 20% of the CDM heroes out of all CDM heroes (210,639) connected with the CDM Success Committee. Ministries are also supporting the CDM staff of their relevant ministries. A CDM/Non-CDM policy was drafted in September 2021 and was approved by the National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC) on 20th January 2023. The CDM Success Committee has now formed a sub-committee to draft the CDM related civil servant law according to the paragraph (3) of the approved “Civil Servant CDM Policy”. Finance & Business Sector 8. The Ministry of Commerce and other ministries, revolutionary forces and strike groups conducted a public boycott campaign of and export prevention of military products. A total fund of 171,677,440 Myanmar Kyat was raised to offer small and medium enterprise loans and for the revolution. The Ministry of Planning, Finance and Investment is stopping the fund flow to the military council, while also raising funds required to fulfil the people’s wish of establishing a federal democracy union. We are working closely with the public, international governments, agencies, revolutionary forces, civil society organisations and community-based organisations. We have published the list of military associated commodities targeted by the boycott, with the aim of reducing the flow of funds to the military council. Regarding the income generation for the necessary funds for the development of the Federal Democratic Union, the following table describes the breakdown of incomes from Spring Lottery, United Bond, End of Dictatorship, Early Partnership Program, NUG pay, Income tax, Revenue and penalties of the Ministry of Planning, Finance and Investment. Table showing National Unity Government’s 2-year Income and Expenditure No Period Programs Income Expenses Comment USD MMK 1 Apr 2021-Apr 2023 Spring Lottery 918,800,000 CDM support 30% was used for Spring Lottery prizes and 70% was used for CDM support 2 Apr 2021-Apr 2023 United Bond 48,000,000 NUG Ministries, Revolutionary forces Cabinet, Security and Defence, Finance Commission agreed projects 3 Apr 2021-Apr 2023 End of Dictatorship 13,500,000 4 Apr 2021-Apr 2023 Early Partnership Program 94,648,000 5 Apr 2021-Apr 2023 NUG Pay 12 billion NUG Pay users DMMK Management team is overseeing the cash flow 6 Apr 2021-Apr 2023 Revenue, tax, Penalties 10 billion Distributed and used according to the NUG Revenue Policy Expenses made as per supervision of Interim Local Governance Central Committee Summary 9. The National Unity Government will continuously analyse its successes and challenges, in order to implement the one-year plan. We are committed to implement the processes that will determine the final battle. We hereby affirm that the National Unity Government, which is based on the will of the entire people, will continue along the path laid out in the Federal Democracy Charter principles towards a Federal Democratic Union, which is the goal of all the revolutionary forces..."