Librarian's Choice
Librarian's Choice
Source/publisher:
United Nations (A/C.3/66/L.55/Rev.1)
Date of publication:
2011-11-21
Description:
Adopted by vote: Yes-98; No-25; Abstained-63...China voted No
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-10
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Chinese
Format :
pdf
Size:
193.94 KB
Local URL:
GAres-2011-L55-rev.1(ch).pdf
GAres-2011-L55-rev.1(ch).pdf more
Source/publisher:
United Nations (A/C.3/66/L.55/Rev.1)
Date of publication:
2011-11-21
Description:
Adopted by vote: Yes-98; No-25; Abstained-63
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-10
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Arabic
Format :
pdf
Size:
161.41 KB
Local URL:
GAres-2011-L55-rev.1(ar).pdf
GAres-2011-L55-rev.1(ar).pdf more
Source/publisher:
United Nations (A/C.3/66/L.55/Rev.1)
Date of publication:
2011-11-21
Description:
Vote:
2011 - 98 in favour, 25 against, and 63 abstained...
2010 - 96 in favour, 28 against, and 60 abstained...
(thanks to Network Myanmar for the comparison)
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-10
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
52.7 KB
Local URL:
GAres-2011-L55-rev.1(en).pdf
GAres-2011-L55-rev.1(en).pdf more
Source/publisher:
Asian Human Rights Commission
Date of publication:
2011-12-10
Description:
"Since a new quasi-parliamentary government led by former army officers began work in Burma (Myanmar) earlier this year, some observers have argued that the government is showing a commitment to bring about, albeit cautiously, reforms that will result in an overall improvement in human rights conditions. The question remains, though, as to whether the new government constitutes the beginning of a real shift from the blinkered despotism of its predecessors to a new form of government, or simply to a type of semi-enlightened and market-oriented despotism, the sort of which has been more common in Asia than the type of outright military domination experienced by Burma for most of the last half-century. "
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-09
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Various rights: reports of violations against several ethnic groups, Tenure insecurity in Burma (including land grabbing)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
457.43 KB
Local URL:
AHRC-Burma-2011-12.pdf
AHRC-Burma-2011-12.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Burma Lawyers Council (BLC)
Date of publication:
2011-04-00
Description:
Contents:- Part A: Special Features -
(1) Militarized development is always unsustainable - Leslie Choi;
(2) Burmese government land grabs: Farmers without rights - U Myo and Lane Weir;
(3) Undemocratic November, 2010 Election in Burma - Lane Weir;
(4) Under Review: Burma?s Failure to Comply with the Convention
on the Rights of the Child - Lane Weir;
(5) Burma?s System of Impunity: A Legal Argument for Why
Burma Cannot Find Resolution for its Heinous Crimes
Domestically - James Tager...
Part B: Constitutional Law:
(1) How the 2008 Constitution Restricts Multi-Party Democracy
in Burma - U Myo;
(2) The Burmese Constitution: ?A Discipline-Flourishing
Democracy? Is No Democracy At All - Dustin Milligan.
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-09
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
484.84 KB
Local URL:
LawkaPala38(en)-red.pdf
LawkaPala38(en)-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Burma Lawyers Council
Date of publication:
2011-08-00
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-08
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format :
pdf
Size:
515.08 KB
Local URL:
LawkaPala40(bu)-red.pdf
LawkaPala40(bu)-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Burma Lawyers Council
Date of publication:
2011-08-00
Description:
Contents:- Part A: Impunity in Burma:
(1) The Dangers of Soldiers Judging Soldiers By U Myo and James Tager -- "Burma?s Constitutional court can protect some civilians from
the dangers of the Courts-martial system, if it is brave
enough. But for others, there is currently no legal protection
from military impunity."
...
(2) Burma?s System of Impunity: A Legal Argument for Why 9
Burma Cannot Find a Domestic Resolution for its Heinous
Crimes - By James Tager -- "The new Constitution has created a system where the judicial branch functions
as an extension of the executive, the legislative branch is unable to act without
the consent of the military, and government members are given amnesty for
their crimes. In short, it has perpetuated the system of impunity upon which the
military junta has relied for decades"...
(3) The New Regime?s Judiciary Under the 2008 Constitution By B.K Sen - "...The 2008
Constitution has rendered the judiciary a cog in the bureaucratic machinery and
justice is as elusive as ever. The pre-constitution era of the judiciary has not
changed as the constitution has made no dent on it. Who will say that the present
judiciary is different from the military-ruled judiciary?..."...
Part B: Special Features:
(1) Burmese Government in Exile: Outcast but not Irrelevant By Stephanie Swigert - "...Although [the] influence [of the NCGUB] is limited,
their very existence serves as a constant reminder to the international community
that the legitimacy of Burma?s ruling party is disputed. As elected representatives,
the NCGUB and MPU have a strong legal basis from which to build
international support and lobby for democratic transition in Burma..."
(2) The USDP: An Unlawful Association - By Lane Weir "...this analysis demonstrates one way in which the existing Burmese
legal framework could be used to prosecute those who have persecuted political
opposition, ethnic minorities and Burma?s most vulnerable populations for decades..."...
(3) Action in Burma: The International Rule of Politics - By Pia Dutton - "...This article considers whether international intervention by the United Nations
in Burma can be justified according to principles of current international law
(jus ad bellum as distinguished from the jus in bello)..."
(4) The Elements Necessary for the Development of a 73
Free Market Economic System in Burma - "...For a market economy system to succeed, it must be based on the rule of law
and protected by an impartial judiciary. To a large extent, a successful market
economy depends on the trust the market participants have in the legal system
to uphold their rights and fairly adjudicate their disputes. There must be an
efficient, just and affordable judicial mechanism to resolve disputes, including
the disputes involving governments. The mechanism must have strong, enforceable
safeguards to ensure that the parties are treated fairly..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-08
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
613.35 KB
Local URL:
LIOB_39-red.pdf
LIOB_39-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
UNOCHA, Humanitarian Partners in Kachin
Date of publication:
2011-09-00
Description:
Executive Summary: "The instability in Kachin and Shan States that started in
early June 2011 has resulted in the displacement of
populations, loss of lives and livelihoods and damages
to infrastructure. The Kachin State government, local
and community]based organizations have been providing
some assistance to the displaced since the outset of
the conflict. International organizations have been
providing limited assistance through support to local
and community]based organizations, while continuing
to advocate for humanitarian assistance to be provided
to all civilians in need.
Following a Government invitation, a rapid needs assessment
was conducted in 39 locations in some areas
of five townships: Bhamo, Momauk, Myitkyina,
Khaunglanhpu and Waingmaw, and targeted 5,925
internally displaced persons (IDPs). Two townships ]
Mansi and Shwegu ] could not be assessed due to security
reasons. Of the total assessed population, the assessment
findings indicate that 57% are female and
56% under]18. The IDPs are temporarily residing in
community buildings, temporary camps/shelters or
with host families. Most of the IDPs are located in urban
areas, while those in rural areas are primarily being
sheltered by host families. While the number of
IDPs is fluctuating on a daily basis, the assessment
found that a large majority of those assessed ] 4,026 ]
has been displaced for over two months. Among people
with special needs the survey identified 70 unaccompanied
minors, 196 female] or child]headed households,
40 chronically ill and 36 persons with disabilities.
In general, due to the easier accessibility and the presence
of a larger number of aid agencies, the IDPs in
Myitkyina and Waingmaw have been receiving more
assistance than those in Bhamo and Momauk. Access
and delivery of assistance for many of the locations
continue to be a major challenge, particularly in the
southern townships of Bhamo, Momauk, Mansi and
Shwegu given the security situation and damage to
infrastructure, including access routes.
Living conditions, particularly in larger temporary
camps/shelters and community buildings where the
population density is high, are challenging. The assessment
found that 20 of the 39 surveyed locations are in
urgent need of additional shelter assistance. Temporary
camps/shelters would need to be upgraded with
improved roofing, more durable and safer shelters,
additional numbers of tents to lessen the population
density, allocation of cooking spaces and relocation of
latrines further away from the living quarters. These
measures would make the temporary camps/shelters
healthier and safer for children and women. IDPs in
community buildings such as churches and community
halls also suffer from over]population and the resulting
lack of adequate sleeping space as well as lack of privacy
for families.
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY While some non]food items (NFIs) have been provided
by the Government and local and community]based
organizations, to date, most of the IDPs require additional
NFI support, including plastic sheeting, cooking
utensils, blankets and clothes. These needs are most
urgent in Bhamo and Momauk.
Over half of IDPs in temporary camps/shelters and
community buildings are facing food access issues.
While food assistance has temporarily alleviated concern
over immediate food shortages in over half of the
locations that reported food access difficulties, a number
of camps have yet to receive food assistance. The
food security situation in Khaunglanhpu]La Jar camp in
Khaunglanhpu and AungThar Baptist Church in Bhamo
is of concern, and food assistance should be considered.
People staying in host families in Momauk, in
Momauk Baptist Church and 3]mile Kachin Baptist
Church in Bhamo are experiencing lack of food stocks,
and the food security situation in these locations would
need to be explored further. Overall, the IDPs indicated
a need for more diversified food assistance, which
should be explored given the reported observable malnutrition
in the locations assessed. The assessment
suggests that the nutritional status of children needs to
be further investigated.
While access to water for domestic and hygiene uses is
sufficient, availability of drinking water is an issue, with
only 40% of IDPs having access to sufficient quantities
of safe drinking water. The issue is particularly critical
in Bhamo where all locations reported insufficient access
to drinking water. Latrine use is wide]spread and
aid agencies have provided basic sanitary facilities in
all temporary camps/shelters and community buildings.
However, some of the locations with larger number of
IDPs need more latrines. Some latrines would need to
be upgraded for sanitary and safety reasons. Hygiene
promotion would be needed in a majority of the assessed
locations, along with provision of hygiene items.
There has been no report of disease outbreak or mortality
cases since June 2011 in surveyed locations. Over
half of the sites currently have access to health care
services provided by basic health staff, while the others
Kachin Rapid Assessment |1 5
in 14 locations only receive minimal health support
through community health workers. Measles immunization
campaign is needed in 31 locations, where a
limited number of under]2 children has records of having
had measles vaccination. Bed nets are needed in a
majority of the locations. Essential medical supplies
are needed in 35 out of the 39 locations.
Some 1,055 primary school children and 1,249 secondary
to high school children were identified amongst
the assessed IDPs. Primary school children in all locations
have access to varying degree of schooling support
] either access to nearby school facilities or to
temporary learning spaces ] which they regularly attend.
However, only a few secondary and high school
children seem to attend school, due to lack of access
and their contribution to household chores, particularly
in the absence of household heads.
Education materials are in short supply at all locations.
Temporary learning spaces are not sufficiently
equipped. A majority of the schools do not have adequate
water and sanitation facilities. Early Childhood
Development (ECD) centers have been established in
six locations, benefiting 201 or 20% of all under]five
IDP children. Efforts to construct additional ECD centers
are currently ongoing.
The number of under]18 separated or unaccompanied
children was 221 at the time of the assessment, while
12.5% of households are either female] or childheaded.
This points to the need for preventative measures
to mitigate potential risk factors. Extra measures
for ensuring the safety of women and children would
need to be taken, particularly in the temporary camps/
shelters, including improved lighting at night, separate
bathing spaces and latrines for men and women and
appointment of security focal points.
Needs of those with special needs such as the elderly
and persons with disabilities would need to be taken
into account. Fear and anxiety over the current, uncertain
situation were voiced."
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Internal displacement/forced migration of Kachin, Armed conflict in Kachin State - displacement and the humanitarian situation
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.8 MB
Local URL:
OCHA-KachinIDPassessment1.pdf
OCHA-KachinIDPassessment1.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Physicians for Human Rights
Date of publication:
2011-11-00
Description:
Executive Summary:
"In September 2011, as the international community discussed easing sanctions on Burma?s
military-backed civilian government, Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) conducted an emergency
investigation in Burma?s Kachin State in response to reports of grave human rights violations
in the region. The aims of the study were
1. to independently investigate reported human rights abuses and war crimes; and
2. to assess the humanitarian situation and nutritional status of internally displaced
persons (IDPs) displaced by conflict in 2011.
This report provides the first humanitarian assessment of some of the IDPs living in areas of
Kachin State that are not controlled by the Burmese government. The United Nations Office for
the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) recently released a report on the health
situation of 5900 IDPs in urban and peri-urban areas of Kachin state that are under Burmese
government control. But no mention was made of the estimated 22,000 displaced people in
other areas of the state. PHR conducted its investigation entirely in these areas; this report will
help to build a more complete picture of the humanitarian situation among internally displaced
persons in politically contested areas in Kachin State.
The human rights investigation provides compelling evidence that the Burmese army (the
Tatmadaw) has committed multiple human rights violations in Kachin State. Between June and
September 2011, the Burmese army looted food from civilians, fired indiscriminately into villages,
threatened villages with attacks, and used civilians as porters, human minesweepers,
and impressed guides. Our findings are consistent with similar reports of human rights abuses
in other ethnic states, and suggest that violations of rights of ethnic nationalities in the country
by the central government are systematic and widespread.
In addition to the human rights investigation, PHR visited six camps and four shelters for displaced
Kachin civilians on the Sino-Burmese border and conducted health and nutrition assessments
from 22-30 September, 2011. The camps fail to meet multiple minimum humanitarian
standards outlined in the Sphere humanitarian guidelines. Camps are overcrowded and there
are insufficient numbers of latrines and water supply points. Camp medical staff reported that
upper respiratory infections and diarrhea were the most common reasons for clinic visits, and
that they experienced shortages in medicine for infants.
Key human rights findings of this report:
• The Burmese army forced Kachin civilians to guide combat units and walk in front of army
columns to trigger landmines. This practice puts civilians at extreme risk of injury and
death and is a war crime.
• The Burmese army regularly pillaged food and supplies from civilians. This practice is
prohibited under customary international humanitarian law.
• The Burmese army fired automatic weapons directly into a civilian village, striking nonmilitary
targets. The intentional direction of attacks against civilians is also recognized as
a war crime in the Rome Statute1, the treaty that created the International Criminal Court.
1. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, art. 8(2), 17 Jul. 1998, 2187 U.N.T.S. 90, entered into force 1 Jul,
2002.
4
Under Siege in Kachin State, Burma
Key related humanitarian concerns:
• IDP camps are overcrowded and the numbers of latrines and water supply points are
insufficient to ensure that residents? human rights to clean food and water are met. Camp
medical staff reported insufficient supplies of medicine for infants.
• Eleven percent of children under five years old in one camp in Laiza were found to be
severely or moderately malnourished, a situation that the World Health Organization
(WHO) classifies as ?severe? and warrants targeted supplementary feeding programs.
• Very little aid reaches IDP camps, and groups caring for them face challenges in providing
food, medicine, and shelter. The most vulnerable populations—those in rural areas and
near the border—have not received any official humanitarian aid; they are only receiving
aid from community-based organizations, which have largely been ignored by the
international donor community.
This investigation suggests that the incremental political changes in central Burma have not
translated into improved livelihoods or improved the human rights situation of ethnic populations
living along Burma?s frontiers. The government of Burma has announced greater freedoms,
including unblocking some internet websites and limiting censorship in the press, and
releasing Aung San Suu Kyi and a fraction of the other political prisoners in the country. Some
in the international community have asserted that political change has come to Burma; however,
these changes largely are confined to the urban, primarily ethnic Burman, population. For
many of the peoples of Burma facing conflict and abuse, including the Kachin peoples, the brutality
of the old regime remains an omnipresent threat.
PHR?s findings come at a crucial moment when the international community is considering
easing sanctions on Burma in response to its positive steps towards what Senior General Than
Shwe has called ?disciplined democracy.? PHR welcomes the stated commitment of the government
to greater openness and urges the international community to ensure that the rhetoric
translates into positive action for all people in Burma. The Kachin and other groups continue to
endure grave human rights violations at the hands of the Burmese army. True progress must be
measured by thorough analysis of the extent of the government?s abuses and by establishing a
system through which perpetrators are held accountable for their actions..."
Bill Davis, Ma, MPH
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination against the Kachin, Armed conflict in Kachin State - displacement and the humanitarian situation, Armed conflict in Kachin State - human rights violations
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
457.61 KB
more
Source/publisher:
International Crisis Group (ICG)
Date of publication:
2011-11-30
Description:
Conclusion: "Myanmar has faced ethnic turmoil and armed conflicts since
the early days of its independence. Today this remains probably
the single most important issue facing the country. In
the last few months, the new government has begun implementing
an extraordinary series of social, economic and
political reforms and a peace initiative that offers steps no
previous government has been willing to take. This has
convinced most of the armed groups to agree new ceasefires
or enter into peace talks.
While serious clashes continue in Kachin State and parts
of Shan State, momentum is clearly building behind the
government?s initiative. It may offer the best chance in
over 60 years for resolving these conflicts. Finding a sustainable
end to some of the longest-running armed conflicts
in the world would be a historic achievement. But lasting
peace is by no means assured. Ethnic minority grievances
run deep, and bringing peace will take more than reaching
ceasefire agreements with the armed groups. It requires
addressing the grievances and aspirations of all minority
populations and building trust between communities. The
way the country deals with its enormous diversity would
need to be fundamentally rethought. This is an issue in
which every person in the country has a stake.
The international community has an important role to play
in support of peace and development in Myanmar. It is
crucial first to understand the complexities. No one party
to the conflict, including the government, can solve the
problem by itself; and pressuring one party to a conflict is
never likely to be effective. In particular, resolving once
and for all the conflict should not become another benchmark
that the government must meet in order to achieve
improved relations with the West or have sanctions lifted.
With respect to a government that has demonstrated a
commitment to major reform and closer ties with the West,
there are far better diplomatic tools available to keep a
focus on the ethnic conflict. The same is true of the serious
human rights abuses associated with that conflict. These
will only be ended definitively by reforming the institutional
culture of the armed forces, changing key military
policies that lead to such abuses, strengthening domestic
accountability mechanisms to ensure that the prevailing
sense of impunity among soldiers in operational areas is
addressed – and by peace.
The international community must be ready to move quickly
to support emerging peace deals with political and development
support. Many of the grievances of ethnic minority
communities relate to socio-economic and minority rights,
and it is important that there be an immediate dividend for
any ceasefires, in order to build the constituency for peace.
Supporting socio-economic development, greater regional
autonomy and peacebuilding and contributing to greater
understanding and trust between communities is vital."
Date of entry/update:
2011-12-01
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dialogue/reform/transition in Burma/Myanmar - analyses and statements, Peace processes, ceasefires and ceasefire talks (websites, documents, reports and studies)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
453.92 KB
more
Source/publisher:
Online Burma/Myanmar Library
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-28
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
ALTSEAN-Burma
Date of publication:
2011-11-28
Description:
• Despite the regime?s claim that an elected legislature was a crucial step towards the
emergence of its ?discipline-flourishing democracy,? the Parliament is turning out to
be the regime?s key tool for institutionalizing oppression.
• The pro-regime Union Solidarity and Development Party
(USDP)-dominated Parliament refuses to repeal the
draconian laws that provided the basis for the
imprisonment of several thousand political prisoners in
recent years.
• The refusal makes the adoption of the much-publicized
?Labor Organizations Law? and ?Peaceful Gathering and
Demonstration Law? irrelevant as the regime is still able
to invoke the blanket ?security? provisions of draconian
laws.
• The Parliament?s second session repeats the sham
parliamentary debates witnessed during the January-
March first session. Important issues, such as national
reconciliation and the ongoing conflict in ethnic areas
are only marginally discussed.
• During question time, regime ministers and officials go
to great lengths to categorically deny human rights
abuses and to justify repressive measures.
• Ruling party and military MPs oppose the adoption of important proposals on the
release of political prisoners and the improvement of detention conditions in jails
across the country. Instead, they introduce new restrictive laws designed to limit
political participation.
• Debate and approval of the national budget remain off-limits to MPs because State
Peace and Development Council (SPDC) Chairman Sr Gen Than Shwe approved the
budget for the 2011-2012 financial year before Parliament convened on 31 January.
• The laws that govern parliamentary proceedings, enacted by Than Shwe in October
2010, continue to severely restrict parliamentary debate and participation.
• Censorship and lack of access continue to characterize the media environment
during the Parliament?s second session.
• Despite the regime?s claim that local Parliaments would provide some degree of
legislative decentralization, most of the Division and State Parliaments fail to
introduce or debate any legislation.
• In a bogus attempt to show its commitment to reach a ceasefire with ethnic armed
groups, the regime forms two parliamentary ?peace-making? committees. However,
the committees fail to adopt any initiatives aimed at facilitating peace talks.
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
ALTSEAN-Burma archive
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
151.51 KB
more
Source/publisher:
Partners Relief & Development
Date of publication:
2011-11-27
Description:
Executive Summary:
"On 9 June 2011, civil war broke out in northern Burma between the Burma Army and the Kachin
Independence Army (KIA), ending a 17-year long ceasefire agreement. This report presents data
collected from a Partners investigation in southern Kachin State, Burma in October 2011. The
testimony of witnesses and on-site photographs reveal multiple acts perpetrated by Burma Army
battalions 74 and 276 against ethnic Kachin civilians that potentially amount to war crimes and other
extreme crimes. These acts include torture, extrajudicial killing, the specific targeting of civilians,
human shielding, unlawful arrest, unlawful detention, forced labor, forced relocation, displacement,
property theft and property destruction.
Witnesses reported that Burma Army soldiers entered Nam Lim Pa village on 8 October 2011.
Men were arrested and detained for forced labor. Women and children were detained in the Roman
Catholic church compound against their will and without provocation or expressed reason.
Violent injuries demonstrate signs of extreme physical abuse and strongly suggest the intentional
infliction of severe pain or suffering while in custody. Civilian casualties included torture and execution.
Eyewitness reports indicate no Kachin Independence Army presence during the time of the attacks.
Villagers were forcibly relocated and displaced by armed soldiers. Houses, offices and churches
were robbed and vandalized, all without justification. At least one home was robbed and burned to
the ground while its owner was arrested and detained.
The results from this fact-finding mission to Kachin State reveal evidence of crimes that potentially
amount to war crimes, perpetrated by the Burma Army against ethnic Kachin civilians and their
properties in October 2011. Based on the incidents documented in this report, the Burma Army
is in contravention of its legal obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law.
Considering the nature and scale of these acts in combination with documented abuses in the broader
civil war in Kachin State, the actions of the Burma government and the Burma Army may also amount
to other serious violations, including crimes against humanity. Those responsible must be brought to
justice and held accountable for their actions. Partners makes the following key recommendations:..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-28
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.98 MB
Local URL:
crimes_in_northern_burma-red.pdf
crimes_in_northern_burma-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Kachin Women?s Association Thailand (KWAT)
Date of publication:
2011-10-07
Description:
Executive Summary: "At the same time as Thein Sein?s government is engaging in public relations maneuvers designed to make it appear that reform is taking place, its army is perpetrating atrocities against the Kachin people on a widespread and systematic basis. Seven months after the November 2010 elections and four months after the convening of parliament which, in the words of the ruling generals, ?completed the country?s transition to a multiparty democracy,? the regime launched a new war in Kachin State and Northern Shan State. After a seventeen year ceasefire, the renewed conflict has brought rampant human rights abuses by the Burma Army including, rape, torture, the use of human minesweepers and the forced displacement of entire villages.
Human rights abuses in Burma are prevalent because of the culture of impunity put in place at the highest levels of government. The Burmese regime continuously fails to investigate human rights abuses committed by its military and instead categorically denies the possibility that abuses are taking place. Attempts to seek justice for the crimes committed against the Kachin people have resulted in responses ranging from ?we do not take responsibility for any landmine injuries? to ?the higher authorities will not listen to your complaint?.
These human rights violations have led villagers to flee approaching troops, creating tens of thousands of internally displaced persons. The Burmese regime has refused to allow aid groups working inside the country to provide relief to the majority of these displaced people and international groups have failed to provide sufficient cross-border aid, creating a growing humanitarian crisis.
While the international community ?waits and sees? whether the Burmese regime will implement genuine democratic reforms, the Kachin people are suffering. The time for waiting and seeing is over: now is the time for the world to act. We call on the international community to:
Demand that the Burmese regime put an end to the atrocities against the Kachin people.•
Provide urgently needed humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons and refugees fleeing • the conflict to avert a humanitarian catastrophe.
Support the establishment by the United Nations of a Commission of Inquiry to investigate crimes • against humanity and war crimes in Burma
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Armed conflict in Burma -- offensives, Discrimination against the Kachin, Armed conflict in Kachin State - hostilities
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
862.07 KB
Local URL:
Burma's_Covered-up_War-red.pdf
Burma's_Covered-up_War-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Community Partners International
Description:
A merger of Foundation for the People of Burma and GHAP (Global Health Access Program).....Our Mission:
"We work with local partners to improve health and education through community-driven development led by and for the people of Burma/Myanmar.
Partnership with local community-based organizations (CBOs) in Burma and along its borders is the core of our work. Together with local partners, we listen to local voices, build local capacity and support basic needs. Our long-term relationships develop the trust and experience vital to positive lasting change, and our extensive network encompasses diverse ethnicities, religions and languages.
We believe in community driven development. We provide resources and technical support tailored to specific needs in villages, slums, migrant worker enclaves and refugee encampments, and our projects include an array of health and education initiatives. In addition to improving quality of life at home, many of our partners generate scientifically rigorous documentation to inform and influence public health and education policy globally and locally.
No matter what the project, we focus on building the capacity of community leaders to assess their own needs and resources; manage, monitor and evaluate their own projects; and seek and exchange skills and resources with others. We believe this model promotes independence, strengthens communities from within and provides a unique local-global platform to develop long-term civil society in Burma....
HEALTH:
We believe that healthy families build strong communities. Our support of community-based public health and clinical care in Burma and along its borders reaches more than one million people — many of them displaced and living in unstable conflict-affected zones with no other health care available.
We focus on evidence-based public health and clinical care initiatives through innovative training and partnership with local health clinics, backpack medics and village-based health workers. Using a train-the-trainers model, we have partnered with more than 60 community-based organizations on malaria, tuberculosis, filariasis (elephantiasis), reproductive health, trauma care, health systems strengthening, childhood immunizations and child nutrition in a country where 1 in 3 children are malnourished.
Through our health branch, the Global Health Access Program, we provide training, technical support and resources to help our partners implement a broad array of initiatives, including clean births and emergency obstetric care for mothers living in remote villages; malaria screening, treatment and prevention for villagers living in a country with the highest number of malaria deaths in Southeast Asia; trauma management in a country with one of the highest number of landmine injuries and deaths in the world; Vitamin A distribution to prevent blindness and help children survive and thrive; health systems strengthening to improve community-based infrastructure and assessment of health needs and services.
EDUCATION
Education goes far beyond the classroom for millions from Burma who are vulnerable because they?re illiterate, uprooted, marginalized and poor.
Two-thirds of children in our project areas drop out of primary and middle school because books and fees are beyond their reach. Teenagers in places like remote Shan State have few options for their future because their villages don?t have high schools.
With solid skills, people have a chance to find jobs, feed families, avoid abuse and rebuild communities. That?s why we invest in education, partnering with 62 local organizations to support more than 1,200 schools, 5,200 teachers and classrooms for more than 115,600 students.
In remote villages and peri-urban slums, we support community-led programs that take children off the streets; counsel and retrain trafficked women and girls; train ethnic-minority villagers to farm organically and leverage group savings; teach migrant workers to calculate wages and advocate for rights; train leaders to assess and respond to community needs.
Starting with preschools, our education outreach continues through primary school, middle school, high school, post-high school and includes an array of vocational and skills training opportunities for adults—including many who?ve never had formal schooling.
We believe education is the cornerstone of civil society. In conflict and natural disaster zones, our local partners? extensive network of schools offer uprooted villagers stability, hope and a chance to regroup."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-24
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) present in Burma, Medical training, Backpack medics and other health projects in Eastern Burma, Humanitarian organisations, NGOs, Reproductive Health/Gynaecology, Obstetrics
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) /UNHCR
Description:
TBBC?s population figures for the camps on the Thailand-Burma border...
Click on month to download a PDF map with camp populations...
Jul 2011
Aug 2011
Sep 2011
Oct 2011
Jan 2011
Feb 2011
Mar 2011
Apr 2011
May 2011
Jun 2011
Jul 2010
Aug 2010
Sep 2010
Oct 2010
Nov 2010
Dec 2010
Jan 2010
Feb 2010
Mar 2010
Apr 2010
May 2010
Jun 2010
Jul 2009
Aug 2009
Sep 2009
Oct 2009
Nov 2009
Dec 2009
Jan 2009
Feb 2009
Mar 2009
Apr 2009
May 2009
Jun 2009
Jul 2008
Aug 2008
Sep 2008
Oct 2008
Nov 2008
Dec 2008
Jan 2008
Feb 2008
Mar 2008
Apr 2008
May 2008
Jun 2008
Jul 2007
Aug 2007
Sep 2007
Oct 2007
Nov 2007
Dec 2007
Jan 2007
Feb 2007
Mar 2007
Apr 2007
May 2007
Jun 2007
Jul 2006
Aug 2006
Sep 2006
Oct 2006
Nov 2006
Dec 2006
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-24
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Enigma Images
Description:
"James Mackay, a documentary photographer based in South East Asia and the UK specialises in Burma, both in-country and around political and human rights issues along it?s borders and those in exile around the world. Below are a selection of photo-stories providing a glimpse at life in the darkness of the Golden Land.
In 1962 a military coup saw Burma, an isolated Buddhist country in South-East Asia, come under the power of one of the world?s most brutal regimes. For the past five decades, the country has been ruled through fear and oppression that has seen thousands of people arrested, tortured and given long prison sentences for openly expressing their beliefs as well as crimes against humanity being committed in the country?s ethnic regions. More than a million people have been left internally displaced and over 150,000 now live as stateless refugees on Burma?s numerous borders. Whilst the democracy movement once again gathers pace under the renewed leadership of Aung San Suu Kyi, the people of Burma remain shackled by an authoritarian regime and are left to suffer silently in the hope that one day true freedom will be theirs.".....Special focus on Burma?s political prisoners.....Galleries include:
AUNG SAN SUU KYI: AT HOME WITH...
THE DARKNESS WE SEE...
ABHAYA: BURMA?S FEARLESSNESS...
BURMA?S DEFIANCE...
THE PRISON WITHOUT BARS...
BURMA VJ: INSIDE THE SECRET NETWORK...
THIS IS ANOTHER PLACE...
NO DISTANCE LEFT TO RUN...
BURMA?S POLITICAL PRISONERS...
SUFFER LITTLE CHILDREN...
ORDINARY PLACES: EXTRAORDINARY LIVES...
FLEEING THE FRONTLINE...
KNLA: A REVOLUTION TO THE END
James Mackay
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-23
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Photographs and other images of Burma, Political prisoners and other violations in Burma - reports
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Asian Human Rights Commission
Description:
Useful articles, videos and links..."The AHRC Burmese-language blog is also updated constantly for Burmese-language readers, and covers the contents of urgent appeal cases, related news, and special analysis pieces..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-22
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Various rights: reports of violations against several ethnic groups, Burma/Myanmar Human Rights blogs
Language:
Burmese
more
Source/publisher:
Asian Human Rights Commission
Description:
Human rights cases, campaigns, statements, news, interviews...
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-22
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Asian Human Rights Commission
Description:
Very useful page...
"The AHRC Burmese-language blog is also updated constantly for Burmese-language readers, and covers the contents of urgent appeal cases, related news, and special analysis pieces..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-21
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Human rights organisations, networks: resources, training, methodology and other links, Various rights: reports of violations against several ethnic groups
Language:
Burmese
more
Date of publication:
2011-11-00
Description:
ABSTRACT:
"The Karen, an ethnic minority group in Burma, have experienced a prolonged state of exile in refugee camps in neighboring Thailand due to ethnic conflict in their home country. Nursery schools in the three largest Karen refugee camps aim to promote psychosocial development of young children by providing a child-centered, creative, learning-friendly environment. Psychosocial development and potentially concerning behaviors of two- to five-year old children in nursery schools were examined using a psychosocial checklist. The results showed that psychosocial development of the children increased with age, with a majority of five year olds being proficient in playing cooperatively with other children. A third of the children showed sadness or emotional outbursts. Difficulty separating from parents was also observed. The results also showed that children who attended the nursery schools for more than a year were better at playing cooperatively with other children and were more aware of their own and others? feelings. On the other hand, children who were newer to the nursery schools were more polite and better at following rules and controlling their feelings when frustrated. The results indicate that nursery schools can be a promising practice to promote healthy psychosocial development of children in protracted refugee situations."
Akiko Tanaka
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-13
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Mental health, Education in refugee camps in Thailand, Burmese refugees in Thailand - education
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
357.44 KB
more
Source/publisher:
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
Date of publication:
2012-00-00
Description:
Preliminary:
1. Objectives...
2. Nature and scope.....
General matters:
3. Guiding principles of responsible tenure governance...
3A General principles...
3B Principles of implementation...
4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure...
5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure...
6. Delivery of services.....
Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties:
7. Safeguards...
8. Public land, fisheries and forests...
9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary
tenure systems...
10. Informal tenure.....
Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties:
11. Markets...
12. Investments...
13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches...
14. Restitution...
15. Redistributive reforms...
16. Expropriation and compensation.....
Administration of tenure:
17. Records of tenure rights...
18. Valuation...
19. Taxation...
20. Regulated spatial planning...
21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights...
22. Transboundary matters.....
Responses to climate change and emergencies:
23. Climate change...
24. Natural disasters...
25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests.....
Promotion, implementation, monitoring and evaluation:
"Tenure is the relationship, whether defined legally or customarily, among people with respect to land
(including associated buildings and structures), fisheries, forests and other natural resources. The rules of
tenure define how access is granted to use and control these resources, as well as associated
responsibilities and restraints. Tenure thus usually reflects the power structure in a society, and social
stability may depend on whether or not there is a broad consensus on the fairness of the tenure system.".......These Guidelines seek to:
1. improve tenure governance by providing guidance and information
on internationally accepted practices for systems that deal with
the rights to use, manage and control land, fisheries and forests....
2. contribute to the improvement and development of the policy,
legal and organizational frameworks regulating the range of
tenure rights that exist over these resources...
3. enhance the transparency and improve the functioning of tenure
systems...
4. strengthen the capacities and operations of implementing
agencies; judicial authorities; local governments; organizations
of farmers and small-scale producers, of fishers, and of forest
users; pastoralists; indigenous peoples and other communities;
civil society; private sector; academia; and all persons concerned
with tenure governance as well as to promote the cooperation
between the actors mentioned..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-12
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
552.11 KB
Local URL:
FAO-Guidelines_on_tenure-red.pdf
FAO-Guidelines_on_tenure-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
"The Huffington Post"
Description:
August 2017: 58,600 results via Google site-specific search on the UK site...Local search: 23,000 Search results for "Burma OR Myanmar" (November 2011); 101,000 (July 2015)... I could not find the Huffpost US search button today.
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-09
Type:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
News - Burma/Myanmar news sources in English (current sites), News - International sources
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;
Date of publication:
2011-10-00
Description:
Abstract: "This paper focuses on the recent emergence of regional production networks and
border industrial zones, the labor migrations they are generating, and their consequences for
?surplus populations? in the Greater Mekong Subregion (mainland Southeast Asia). In this
region the textile and garment industry is employing increasing numbers of workers in border
areas on flexible and highly precarious work ?contracts?. To understand these emergent labor
formations we focus on three scales of analysis through a case study from the Thailand–Burma
border. We focus on initiatives led by the Asia Development Bank, accompanying subregional
political groupings which aim to facilitate capital flows and trade by reducing transaction time
and cost, and a case study of labor recruitment and employment practices in one border town.
In examining these three scales, we question the value of characterizing such trans-national,
state-led, authoritarian, and racialized labor formations as neoliberal."
Keywords: precarious labor,migration, Greater Mekong Subregion, Mae Sot, border industrial
zones, racialization, textile and garment industry
Dennis Arnold, John Pickles
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-09
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Migrant workers from Burma : general and mixed articles and reports, Labour migration: global and regional studies
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
167.24 KB
Local URL:
Antipode_Arnold_and_Pickles-2011-10-red.pdf
Antipode_Arnold_and_Pickles-2011-10-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Asian Human Rights Commission
Date of publication:
2011-11-01
Description:
A Statement by the Asian Human Rights Commission...
During the second sitting of the new semi-elected parliament in Burma this year, the
government submitted a draft land law. The government gazette published the draft on
September 16, and it is currently still before the parliament.
Burma needs a new land law. The current legislation on land, either for reasons of content
or because of institutional factors, lacks coherence. It is ineffectual in protecting the rights
of cultivators. With the rise and rise of private businesses linked to serving and former army
officers and bureaucrats, the incidence of land grabbing also is fast increasing, and is bound
to increase even more dramatically in the next few years. Although a new law would not
stop or perhaps even slow land grabbing of its own accord, one protecting cultivators? rights
and situating powers of review over land regulations and cases in the hands of the judiciary
and independent agencies could at least set some clear benchmarks against which to
measure actual practices, and establish some groundwork for minimum institutional
protections.
Unfortunately, the draft bill before parliament is not the law that Burma needs. In fact, it is
precisely the opposite of what the country needs. Rather than protecting cultivators? rights,
it undercuts them at practically every point, through a variety of provisions aimed at
enabling rather than inhibiting land grabbing. It invites takeover of land with government
authorization for the purpose of practically any activity, not merely for other forms of
cultivation. Under the draft, farmers could be evicted to make way for the construction of
polluting factories, power lines, roads and railways, pipelines, fun parks, condominiums
and whatever else government officials claim to be in "the national interest"..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-08
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Laws, decrees, bills and regulations relating to land, property and planning (commentary), Tenure (national legislation and policies)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
101.7 KB
Local URL:
AHRC-Critique_of_draft_land_law.pdf
AHRC-Critique_of_draft_land_law.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Watch
Date of publication:
2011-11-07
Description:
"One year ago Burma conducted tightly controlled elections that transferred power from a ruling military council to a nominally civilian government in which the president and senior government officials are all former generals. In 2011 the new government has taken a number of positive actions, enacted new laws that purport to protect basic rights, and promised important policy changes. The real test, however, will be in the implementation of new laws and policies and how the government reacts when Burmese citizens try to avail themselves of their rights.
Meanwhile, the main elements of Burma?s repressive security apparatus, and the laws underpinning it, remain in place. In ethnic areas, the human rights situation remains dire. While there are grounds for hope that fundamental change will come to Burma, it is too early to conclude that it has in fact begun..."
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-08
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
105.24 KB
more
Source/publisher:
Strategic Studies Department, Ethnic Nationalities Council - Union of Burma
Date of publication:
2011-11-02
Description:
Executive Summary:
"Since achieving independence in January 1948, successive
Burmese governments, elected and military dictatorships, have
sought to address the complex issues involving the country?s
many ethnic groups. They have sought to do this primarily
through confronting a perceived separatist agenda pursued
by the many ethnic groups who have taken up arms against
the various governments.
However, ethnic groups have called for a genuine federal union
based upon the principles of equality for all of the country?s
citizens. It is this that is the motivating factor behind the
continuation of armed struggle, as central Burmese
administrations have refused to concede to the political
grievances of the ethnic groups.
Now that a new, ostensibly civilian, government has taken over
the administration of the country, the time has come for new
efforts to fully understand the current problems affecting the
ethnic groups and to re-evaluate those previous strategies that
have continued to perpetuate armed conflict.
While armed conflict has become a dominant factor among
the problems affecting ethnic peoples, it is not the only one.
Wide-scale discrimination against ethnic groups, prevalent
corruption, and human rights abuses have continued
throughout the decades of civil war. The Governments of
Burma, especially from 1962 until 2010, have pursued only a
military solution to what is primarily a political problem, and
have consequently given ethnic groups no other option but
to engage in armed struggle. Ethnic citizens, therefore, have
been regarded as possible insurgents without just cause. They
have been discriminated against up to the present day.
While the ceasefire agreements of the late eighties and early
nineties have characterised some of the achievements that
could be found by co-operating with the Military Government?s
framework, they still failed to alleviate poverty and inequality
for most of the ethnic populations. Many of those groups who
had not totally supported the military government?s line found
the original concessions that they had been granted gradually
eroded.
The fact that the previous Military Government?s response to
the ceasefire groups call for equal recognition led to the
coerced creation of Border Guard Forces (BGF), in which ethnic
armed forces accepted Burma Army authority, demonstrated
that the military still did not understand what was needed for
the ethnic groups to realise their aspirations and did not trust
them to be equal members of the union. While the new
government has made a number of concessions to reform laws
and instil democratic values, it must recognise the equality of
all peoples of the country.
The failure of the BGF programme, the resumption of war in
2011 in Kachin State and the widening of conflict in Shan and
Karen States clearly show that the ethnic issue needs to be
addressed not by military force but by political compromise.
It is this solution that must recognise and redress the inequality
that many of the ethnic minority populati on feel."
Paul Keenan
Date of entry/update:
2011-11-02
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
592.39 KB
Local URL:
ENC-DCC-red.pdf
ENC-DCC-red.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC)
Date of publication:
2011-10-00
Description:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (extract): Poverty alleviation has been recognised by the new government as a strategic priority for human
development. While official figures estimate that a quarter of the nation live in poverty, this survey suggests
that almost two thirds of households in rural areas of South East Burma/Myanmar are unable to meet
their basic needs. Impoverishment is particularly severe in the conflict-affected townships of Kyaukgyi
and Shwegyin in Pegu/Bago Region and Thandaung in Karen/Kayin State. Comparative analysis with
household surveys conducted by the World Food Program suggest that that standards of living in rural
areas of the South East are similar to conditions in Northern Rakhine State and far worse than those
those reported from the central Dry Zone.
This report seeks to increase awareness about the scale of poverty and displacement in rural areas of
South East Burma/Myanmar at a critical juncture in the nation?s history...".....With Field Assessments and Situation Updates by:
Committee for Internally Displaced Karen People;
Karen Offi ce of Relief and Development;
Karenni Social Welfare and Development Centre;
Mon Relief and Development Committee;
Shan Relief and Development Committee...
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-26
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
5.81 MB 8.93 MB
more
Source/publisher:
Heritage Foundation
Date of publication:
2011-10-13
Description:
A charm offensive by the ruling regime in Burma is raising hopes of real change there and expectations of a change in America?s long-standing sanctions policy. How much has really changed in Burma? How real are the government reforms and liberalizing rhetoric? And how might a change in U.S. policy impact the situation on the ground? Join us as we discuss the answers to these questions and others with an eminently qualified panel of experts.....
More About the Speakers:
Tom Malinowski,
Washington Director, Human Rights Watch...
Aung Din,
Executive Director, U.S. Campaign for Burma...
Jared Genser,
Founder and President, Freedom Now...
Walter Lohman (chair),
Director, Asian Studies Center
Ko Aung Din, Tom Malinowski, Jared Genser (panelists); Walter Lohman (chair)
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-25
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
Palaung Women?s Organization (PWO)
Date of publication:
2011-10-00
Description:
Summary:
"Almost one year after Burma?s long-awaited elections were held in November
2010, Palaung communities in northern Shan State are suffering from the
effects of an even greater upsurge in opium cultivation than in previous years.
Local paramilitary leaders, some now elected into Burma?s new parliament,
are being allowed to cultivate and profi t from drugs in return for helping the
regime suppress ethnic resistance forces in Burma?s escalating civil war. As a
result, drug addiction has escalated in the Palaung area, tearing apart families
and communities. Burma?s drug problems are set to worsen unless there is
genuine political reform that addresses the political aspirations of Burma?s
ethnic minority groups.
Research carried out by Palaung Women?s Organisation in Namkham
Township shows that:
???? Opium cultivation across 15 villages in Namkham Township has increased
by a staggering 78.58% within two years.
???? 12 villages in the same area, which had not previously grown opium, have
started to grow opium since 2009.
???? A signifi cant number of these villages are under the control of government
paramilitary ?anti-insurgency? forces, which are directly profi ting from
the opium trade.
???? The most prominent militia leader and druglord in the area, ?Pansay?
Kyaw Myint, from the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development
Party, was elected as an MP for Namkham in November 2010; he promised
voters that they could grow opium freely for 5 years if they voted for him.
???? Government troops, police and militia continue to openly tax opium
farmers, and to collect bribes from drug addicts in exchange for their
release from custody.
???? Drug addiction in Palaung communities has spiralled out of control. In
one Palaung village, PWO found that 91% of males aged 15 and over were
addicted to drugs. Drug addiction is causing huge problems for families,
with women and children bearing the burden of increased poverty, crime
and violence."
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-25
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Drugs in Shan State, The human impact of drugs and drug policies in Burma, Burma: opium and heroin
Language:
English, Burmese
Format :
pdf pdf pdf
Size:
417.31 KB 68.49 KB 85.42 KB
more
Source/publisher:
Vumson via N.T. Thawnga, Aizawl, India
Date of publication:
1986-00-00
Description:
"This book contains the most comprehensive analysis of the people mostly known as Chin, Khyeng, Kuki, Lushai, and Plains Chin. It analyses the effect of imposing several names to these people. The author, Dr. Vumson chooses "Zo" as the common name because most of them call themselves by this name. The readers will find how the Zo people migrated from Western China—Tibet to the valley of the Chindwin and Irrawaddy and then to the Kale —Kabaw—Myittha Valleys and why they migrated to the rugged hill areas they occupy now.
The proud and brave Zo people were colonialized, though they resisted with all their might. Then Japan invaded their country, exposing them to modern industrial warfare and dislocating their social and political behaviour. When the colonial rule ended they were divided into three countries hopelessly outnumbered by Indians and Burmans. The book analyses how they struggle to survive and retain their distinctive identity.
It is most interesting to see how the same people develope themselves in two forms of societies, one under socialism and the other under free enterprise." [from the cover of the hard copy edition]...N.B. MANY (MOST?) OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENDNOTES ARE REPLACED BY ". SINCE THE BIBLIOGRAPHY IS ALPHABETICAL, ONE CAN LOOK UP ANY NAME FOLLOWED BY ". THESE ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED IN A FUTURE VERSION, BUT IT MAY TAKE A LITTLE TIME. -- OBL LIBRARIAN.
Vumson
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-24
Type:
Individual Documents
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.9 MB
Local URL:
Zo_History-Vumson.pdf
Zo_History-Vumson.pdf more
Source/publisher:
Nations Unies Assembl?e g?n?rale (A/66/365)
Date of publication:
2011-09-16
Description:
R?sum?:
Le Myanmar se trouve ? un tournant de son histoire et les possibilit?s
d??volution positive et concr?te vers une am?lioration de la situation des droits de
l?homme et une transition d?mocratique plus marqu?e sont r?elles. Le nouveau
Gouvernement a pris des mesures en ce sens. Toutefois, de nombreux probl?mes
graves subsistent en mati?re de droits de l?homme et il faut y rem?dier. Le nouveau
Gouvernement doit intensifier ses efforts pour tenir ses propres engagements et
s?acquitter de ses obligations internationales relatives aux droits de l?homme. La
communaut? internationale doit rester vigilante et suivre de pr?s l??volution de la
situation. Elle doit aussi soutenir et aider le Gouvernement en ce moment crucial. Le
Rapporteur sp?cial r?affirme sa volont? d?oeuvrer de mani?re constructive, en
coop?ration avec le Myanmar, ? l?am?lioration de la situation des droits
fondamentaux de sa population.
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-20
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Fran?ais, French
Format :
pdf
Size:
134.57 KB
Local URL:
GA2011-SR-A-365(fr).pdf
GA2011-SR-A-365(fr).pdf more
Source/publisher:
United Nations General Assembly (A/66/365)
Date of publication:
2011-09-16
Description:
Резюме
Настоящий момент является одним из ключевых этапов в истории Мьянмы
и предоставляет реальные возможности для позитивных и значимых событий,
которые помогут улучшить положение в области прав человека и углубить пе-
реход к демократии. Новое правительство предприняло ряд шагов для достиже-
ния данной цели. Однако многие серьезные проблемы в сфере прав человека
по-прежнему сохраняются и требуют решения. Новому правительству следует
активизировать усилия по выполнению собственных обязательств, а также ме-
ждународных обязательств, связанных с правами человека. Международному
сообществу необходимо сохранять приверженность данному процессу и при-
стально наблюдать за ним. Оно также должно поддерживать правительство и
оказывать ему помощь в этот важный период. Специальный докладчик под-
тверждает свою готовность к конструктивной работе и сотрудничеству с Мьян-
мой в целях улучшения положения в области прав ее населения.
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-20
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reports to the GA by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (Russian)
Language:
Russian
Format :
pdf
Size:
416.81 KB
Local URL:
GA2011-SR-A-365(ru).pdf
GA2011-SR-A-365(ru).pdf more
Source/publisher:
Naciones Unidas - Asamblea General (A/66/365 )
Date of publication:
2011-09-16
Description:
Resumen:
Este es un momento clave en la historia de Myanmar y existen oportunidades
reales de lograr cambios positivos y significativos para mejorar la situación de los
derechos humanos y profundizar la transición hacia la democracia. El nuevo
Gobierno ha adoptado una serie de medidas para alcanzar estos fines. Sin embargo,
sigue habiendo muchas cuestiones de derechos humanos pendientes que deben
abordarse. El nuevo Gobierno debe redoblar sus esfuerzos para cumplir sus propios
compromisos y sus obligaciones internacionales en materia de derechos humanos. La
comunidad internacional debe mantener su compromiso y permanecer atenta a la
evolución de las circunstancias. La comunidad internacional también debe apoyar y
ayudar al Gobierno durante esta importante etapa. El Relator Especial reafirma su
voluntad de trabajar de manera constructiva y cooperar con Myanmar para mejorar la
situación de su pueblo en materia de derechos humanos.
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-20
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Español, Spanish
Format :
pdf
Size:
226.09 KB
Local URL:
GA2011-SR-A-365(sp).pdf
GA2011-SR-A-365(sp).pdf more
Source/publisher:
United Nations General Assembly (A/66/365)
Date of publication:
2011-09-16
Description:
摘要
这是缅甸历史上的关键时刻，此时真正有机会取得积极、有意义的进展，以
改善人权状况并深化向民主过渡。新政府已采取一些措施来实现这些目标。但是，
许多严重的人权问题依然存在，必须予以解决。新政府应加紧努力，落实承诺并
履行其国际人权义务。国际社会需继续参与并密切跟踪事态发展。国际社会还需
在此重要时期支持并协助缅甸政府。特别报告员重申他愿意与缅甸开展建设性合
作，以改善缅甸人民的人权状况。
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-20
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reports to the GA by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (Chinese)
Language:
Chinese
Format :
pdf
Size:
358.42 KB
Local URL:
GA2011-SR-A-365(ch).pdf
GA2011-SR-A-365(ch).pdf more
Source/publisher:
United Nations General Assembly (A/66/365)
Date of publication:
2011-09-16
Description:
موجز
تشهد ميانمار لحظة حاسمة في تاريخها وهناك فرص حقيقية لحدوث تط ورات إيجابية
هادفة تتحسن ﺑﻬا حالة حقوق الإنسان وتتعمق من خلالها عملية الانتقال إلى الديمقراطية .
وقد اتخذت الحكومة الجديدة عددًا من الخطوات لتحقيق ذلك . على أن هناك كثيرا من
قضايا حقوق الإنسان التي لا تزال متبقية ويتعين معالجته ا. وينبغي للحكومة الجديدة أن
تضاعف جهودها لتنفيذ الالتزامات التي قطعتها على نفسها وللوفاء بالتزاماﺗﻬا الدولية في
مجال حقوق الإنسان. ويجب على اﻟﻤﺠتمع الدولي أن يواصل اهتمامه ﺑﻬذه التطورات وأن
يتابعها عن كث ب . كما يتعين أن يقدم اﻟﻤﺠتمع الدولي الدعم والمساعدة للحكومة في هذه
المرحلة الهامة . ويؤكد المقرر الخاص مجددًا استعداده للعمل بصورة بناءة والتعاون مع ميانمار
لتحسين حالة حقوق الإنسان لشعبها.
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-20
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reports to the GA by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (Arabic)
Language:
Arabic
Format :
pdf
Size:
330.62 KB
Local URL:
GA2011-SR-A-365(ar).pdf
GA2011-SR-A-365(ar).pdf more
Source/publisher:
United Nations (A/66/365)
Date of publication:
2011-09-16
Description:
Summary:
"This is a key moment in Myanmar?s history and there are real opportunities for
positive and meaningful developments to improve the human rights situation and
deepen the transition to democracy. The new Government has taken a number of
steps towards these ends. Yet, many serious human rights issues remain and they
need to be addressed. The new Government should intensify its efforts to implement
its own commitments and to fulfil its international human rights obligations. The
international community needs to continue to remain engaged and to closely follow
developments. The international community also needs to support and assist the
Government during this important time. The Special Rapporteur reaffirms his
willingness to work constructively and cooperatively with Myanmar to improve the
human rights situation of its people."
Tomás Ojea Quintana
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-20
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reports to the GA by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (English)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
118.19 KB
Local URL:
GA2011-SR-A-365(en).pdf
GA2011-SR-A-365(en).pdf more
Source/publisher:
Institute for Developing Economies (IDE) Jetro (IDE DISCUSSION PAPER No. 306)
Date of publication:
2011-09-00
Description:
Abstract: "This paper try to analyze unique data set for rice producing agricultural households in some selected areas of Bago and Yangon divisions to examine the households? profit efficiency and the relationship between farm and household attributes and profit inefficiency using a Cobb-Douglas production frontier function. The frequency distribution reveals that the mean technical inefficiency is 0.1627 with a minimum of 3 percent and maximum of 73 percent which indicates that, on average, about 16% of potential maximum output is lost owing to technical inefficiency in both studied areas. While 85% of the sample farms exhibit profit inefficiency of 20% or less, about 40% of the sample farms is found to exhibit technical inefficiency of 20% or less, indicating that among the sample farms technical inefficiency is much lower than profit inefficiency."...
Keywords: Myanmar, rice, efficiency, production frontier function
Nay Myo Aung
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-17
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Agricultural policy, Rice
Language:
English
more
Source/publisher:
National Workshop on Reforms for Economic Development of Myanmar, Naypyitaw, 19–21 August, 2011 via Mizzima.com
Date of publication:
2011-08-21
Description:
"1. There has been a consistent and sharp appreciation of the kyat dollar exchange rate for the past few
months.3 This has caused problems. The extent of the kyat exchange rate appreciation and its impact
on costs and returns in some key sectors of the Myanmar economy are presented in a paper prepared by
U Set Aung4, a member of the President?s Economic Advisory Team. These matters are therefore not
discussed here. Instead, three issues have been taken up in this paper. They are:
2. First, to explain why a currency?s exchange rate can rapidly appreciate and how this causes
problems;
3. Second, to suggest measures that are to be undertaken immediately to deal with the kyat exchange
rate appreciation problem presently facing Myanmar, in order to restore business and investor
confidence in the exchange rate, and to prevent the situation from getting out of hand; and
4. Third, the current kyat exchange rate problem presents a good opportunity to initiate the process of
reform of the exchange rate regime in Myanmar. The objective of the reform is to establish a foreign
exchange market in Myanmar that meets international standards and where the exchange rate is
relatively stable, is market-determined, and becomes a useful tool of macroeconomic management for
the Central Bank of Myanmar. A suggestion on how to start this reform process is briefly presented in
this paper..."
U Myint
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-17
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
133.22 KB
more
Source/publisher:
National Workshop on Reforms for Economic Development of Myanmar, Naypyitaw, 19 – 21 August, 2011
Date of publication:
2011-08-21
Description:
Abstract:
"The paper stresses the need to keep the issue of corruption in view in the
development agenda. It discusses the causes and consequences of corruption,
especially in the context of a least developed country, with an economy under
considerable regulation and central direction. Lack of transparency, accountability
and consistency, as well as institutional weaknesses such as in the legislative and
judicial systems, provide a fertile ground for growth of rent seeking activities in such
a country. In addition to the rise of the underground economy and the high social
costs associated with corruption, its adverse consequences on income distribution,
consumption pattern, investment, government budget and on economic reforms are
discussed in the paper. The paper also touches upon the supply side of bribery and
its international dimensions and presents some thoughts on how to address the
corruption issue and to try to bring it under control."
U Myint
Date of entry/update:
2011-10-17
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
90.21 KB
Local URL:
NWR2011-08-Corruption-U_Myint(en).pdf
NWR2011-08-Corruption-U_Myint(en).pdf more