"The international community, as well as the majority of people in Burma, has an expectation to transform the country from the rule of dictatorship to democracy by peaceful means, including political dialogue.1 The National League for Democracy (NLD) has repeatedly called for unconditional dialogue, based on principles of mutual respect and national reconciliation.2 However, with reference to over two decades of experiences in Burma, it is time to scrutinize whether political dialogue, based on genuine national reconciliation that addresses previous human rights abuses effectively and properly, can become a reality under the current circumstances. More importantly, it is also time to observe how peaceful democratization of Burma can be achieved in a way that criminal accountability is sought while laying down a foundation for the rule of law, for long term protection of human rights..."