Mandalay Division
Websites/Multiple Documents
Source/publisher:
"The Myanmar"Times"
Date of entry/update:
2013-01-09
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
This document provides a basic introduction to Mandalay Division inculding information about topography and climate; population; inhabitant; languages and religion; forest, sown acreage and produce; other products of Mandalay Division; historical sites and interesting places; festivals and Radio/TV retransmission and microwave stations.
Source/publisher:
MODiNS.NET
Date of entry/update:
2005-06-04
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Mandalay Division
Language:
English
more
Individual Documents
Description:
INTRODUCTION: "The November 8, 2015 elections in Myanmar
marked a historic milestone in the country?s political
and economic transition that began in 2011.
Incoming policy makers are preparing to pick up the
baton and deliver on the people?s strong aspirations for
a harmonious and prosperous Myanmar. In this series
of policy notes, the World Bank Group seeks to promote
dialogue on critical development challenges and
on options for policies and reforms that can contribute
to shared prosperity for the people of Myanmar.
Myanmar has strong medium-term growth potential.
Efforts to open up and liberalize the economy over the
past 4 years have revealed pent up demand, brought
in new investments, and increased productivity from
a very low base. Between 2011 and 2014 Myanmar?s
economy grew at an average real rate of 7 percent per
year, which is among the fastest in East Asia, and comparable
to other high performing countries in their initial
phase of liberalization. In the coming years, further
removal of economic controls could help Myanmar to
maintain a strong pace of growth.
Myanmar has a real opportunity in ensuring
that growth is also inclusive. This not only means
sustaining a strong pace of growth, but doing so
through a diversified economy that can absorb the
labor force into higher productivity sectors. The
agriculture sector, which suffers from low productivity,
contributing on average only 10-15 percent to annual
real GDP growth over the past 4 years, employs over
half of the country?s labor force. The manufacturing and
construction sectors on the other hand, which have
the highest value added per unit of labor, employ only
10-15 percent of the labor force.
Policies that can enable a structural shift to more
productive and labor intensive activities could make
a big dent on poverty and inequality in Myanmar.
These would include expanding access to essential
public services. This could enable a bigger share of
the population to benefit from the agglomeration of
economic activities around Myanmar?s growth poles,
namely Yangon and Mandalay, which account for
roughly 35 percent of national GDP.
The sound governance and use of Myanmar?s natural
resource wealth are also critical to inclusive
growth. Around 10 percent of Myanmar?s official GDP
is derived from natural resources, though some estimate
unofficial trade in natural resources at more than
20 percent of official GDP. This not only concentrates
wealth from non-renewable national assets in the hands
of a few, but also finances conflicts, which have created
vicious cycles of poverty that are geographically and
ethnically concentrated.
Policy reforms since 2011 have started to promote
inclusion so that a growing share of Myanmar?s
people can take advantage of new opportunities
and benefit from economic growth. Higher tax collections
from non-agriculture sectors and rising natural
resource rents have enabled Myanmar to reprioritize
public spending towards critical economic and social
service needs. Foreign exchange, trade and investment
liberalization have opened up economic opportunities
and the space for investment beyond a small group of
highly protected sectors. Increased public sector transparency
and decentralization have started to gradually
bring the state closer to the people.
Given this context, how can Myanmar advance
reforms to close the disparities across its geography,
ethnic communities, and income groups; and to
promote productivity and competitiveness? This is
the question that this series of policy notes, ?All aboard!
Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar,” aims to
generate debate and ideas. The theme ?All aboard” is
meant to reflect inclusivity and imminent departure on
a positive journey.
The policy notes focus on six interconnected areas
that are likely to be high priorities for shared prosperity
(figure 1). The first is on closing the gap in access
to social services for improving Myanmar?s human
development outcomes. This could help to strengthen
the productivity and employability of Myanmar?s current
and future labor force, which is the critical input to
inclusive growth and a precondition to success in all
the other areas. The second policy note is on growing
together by reducing poverty in rural areas. Policies
to boost agriculture productivity and accelerate the
delivery of essential services in rural areas, where they
lag the most, could help to supply the much needed
labor and food for the rapidly expanding industrial,
manufacturing and service sectors.
Investment in higher productivity sectors is also likely
to require breaking business as usual to foster competitiveness
and a dynamic environment for private
sector growth across the country, which are discussed
in the third policy note. These include policies that are
targeted at reducing the costs of doing business and
engaging in international trade. The relative impact
of these could be enormous in terms of incentivizing
private sector investments, expanding access to economic
opportunities for rural and urban populations,
and diversifying the sources of growth.
Enabling these to drive major structural transformations
in the economy is likely to require policy reforms in two
important areas. The fourth policy note therefore looks
at options to expand Myanmar?s ability for financing the
future through an open, modern, and inclusive financial
system. This is important not only for channeling savings
to large private investments, but also to finance public
sector operations and service delivery, facilitate the
expansion of international trade, and enable the transfer
of increased remittances to rural areas. The fifth policy
note is on energizing Myanmar by enhancing access to
sustainable energy for all. Myanmar?s growing economy
will need more energy than is currently supplied ? not
only for productive sectors, but also for the delivery of
public services across the country."
Habib Rab + team
Source/publisher:
World Bank
Date of publication:
2016-02-23
Date of entry/update:
2016-03-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
World Bank and its Watchers, Economic Development, World Bank, Political, social and economic dimensions of investment in Burma, Yangon Division, Mandalay Division, Natural Resource Use, Burma/Myanmar - reports, articles etc., Agriculture in Burma/Myanmar: general and research, Energy -- general, Privatisation, Poverty and poverty-reduction in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format :
pdf pdf pdf pdf
Size:
1.5 MB 2.1 MB 1.37 MB 1.57 MB
more
Description:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: "This report outlines the results of the Local Governance Mapping conducted by UNDP
in Mandalay Region. Based on the perceptions of the people and local governance actors,
the mapping has captured some key aspects of the current dynamics of governance at the
frontline of state-citizen interaction like participation in local development planning, access
to basic social services and transparency and accountability in local governance.
In consultation with the Mandalay Region government, it was agreed that the Local
Governance Mapping would be conducted in three townships, namely,
Meiktila, Thazi and Thabeikkyin
between August and November 2014."
Source/publisher:
UNDP Myanmar
Date of publication:
2013-11-30
Date of entry/update:
2016-02-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Decentralisation (Decentralization) in Burma/Myanmar, Mandalay Division, Governance in Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.26 MB
more
Description:
Abstract: "Ratanabon City is well known as Mandalay City. It was founded by King Mindon
soon after he ascended to the Amarapura Throne in 1852. Many obstacles
were ahead of him during his reign. Myanmar was defeated in the second war
with the British the result of which was that lower Myanmar was ceded to the
latter. It was indeed, a great loss to Myanmar King for rich food supply of rice,
salted fish, fish paste and salt all of which were essential to Myanmar daily
diet. The first and foremost
reform to be carried out was to lessen its
dependence for rice on lower Myanmar. The second was to introduce coinage
system to become easier in economic transactions and taxations. And the third
was the introduction of economic monopoly system and that of
tax farming in
inter-regional trade. People could see in this period change in agriculture,
change in monetary system and change in trade all of which had never been
practiced. For these changes in economic performances to be successfully
implemented, King Mindon had an efficient, enthusiastic and zealous Heir
Apparent popularly known as Prince Kanaung who was very much interested in
all-round development of the kingdom to match with, or supersede the British
imperialists so that they could be driven out and regain lost territories. For
these reasons, reforms were introduced and carried out in the kingdom to
become materialized. In brief this research paper is intended to treat the
following three major points: on agriculture; on monetary system and on
trade.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Yee Yee Win
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-06
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Mandalay Division, Economic history, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
211.44 KB
more
Description:
Abstract: "Socio‐economic
situation
means
an
individual?s
or
a
group?s
position
within
a
hierarchical
social
structure.
Socio-economic
status
depends
on
a
combination
of
variables,
including
occupation,
education,
income,
wealth,
and
place
of
residence.
While
sociologists
often
use
socio-economic
status
as
a
means
of
predicting
behavior,
geographers
used
to
focus
on
that
position
with
the
relations
to
or
reference
of
a
place
or
space
or
a
region.
Therefore,
in
this
paper,
the
variables
of
the
social
and
economic
status
of
a
small
village
will
be
examined
at
an
individual
level
with
the
respects
of
location,
physical
phenomena,
human
resource,
land
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
perception
of
the
rural
dwellers
from
Sinlan
Village.
This
village
is
located
about
1km
northwest
of
Pyin
Oo
Lwin
town.
It
lies
at
an
elevation
of
about
1,160
meters
above
sea
level
so
that
it
receives
temperate
climate.
As
consequence,
the
main
economy
and
living
style
of
the
village
is
quite
different
to
that
of
the
others.
Random
sampling
method
was
used
to
define
the
number
of
households
to
be
visited
and
interviewing
and
field
observation
methods
are
also
applied
to
collect
the
necessary
data
by
the
teachers
and
PhD
preliminary
students
from
Geography
Department,
Mandalay
University.
The
field
survey
was
made
in
February,2015.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Nyo Nyo, Soe Sandar San
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Mandalay Division, Economy of Shan State, Social studies of Burma, Cities, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.43 MB
more
Description:
Abstract: "Considering
health
in
the
broad
term
as
well?being
this
study
examines
changes
to
villagers?
lives
with
the
effect
of
privatization
and
modernization
policies.
It
explores
how
their
economy
is
related
to
the
changing
environment
in
both
time
and
space.
How
these
villagers
cope,
struggle
and
do
their
best
to
sustain
their
living
in
light
of
limited
resources
they
had
are
also
presented.
This
study
is
conducted
in
Htantaw
Village
in
the
area
of
Taungthaman
Lake
locating
in
the
ancient
Amarapura
Township
of
Mandalay
Division,
Myanmar.
Villagers,
from
different
ages,
occupations
and
economic
status,
were
interviewed
in
their
homes.
Focus
groups
were
used
in
the
first
section
of
the
data
collection
stage.
In
addition,
this
study
encouraged
village
leaders
participation
through
the
data
collection
process
such
as
through
drawing
a
Village
map,
talking
through
the
geographic
and
social
changes
in
the
village
and
villagers?
struggle
and
survival
strategies.
Before
1990,
Htantaw;
Village
is
a
typical
agricultural
based
village
where
villagers
worked
on
rice
farming,
wickerwork
and
livestock
breeding
such
as
duck
and
cow.
Initial socio
and
economic
changes
began
in
1996
when
the
water
draining
in
and
out
was
blocked
to
make
a
natural
Taungthaman
Lake
as
the
huge
fish?raising
ponds
by
the
military
government
which
later
issued
concession
of
fishing
in
a
nearby
lake
owned
by
a
private
company.
This
greatly
impacted
the
villager?s
livelihood
not
only
the
farming
family
but
also
duck
and
cow
raising
for
milk
too,
including
the
rice
farmers
as
their
paddy
field
and
agricultural
land
around
the
lake
had
been
flooded.
The
other
significant
social
change
was
in
2000
due
to
the
establishment
of
Yadanabon
University
providing
the
education
for
more
than
twenty
thousand
students
in
total
a
year.
The
village
has
become
crowded
not
only
with
students
moving
in
and
from
other
places
but
also
people
who
had
moved
in
as
workers
for
the
university.
Villagers
who
have
some
savings
started
the
room
rental
business
and
grocery
shops.
Some
started
small
business
es
such
as
restaurants,
mobile
phone
shops
and
café
shops,
beauty
salon
and
dress
making
shops.
The
social
tension
between
the
local
and
new
moving
in
has
been
mentioned
as
well
as
the
increasing
struggles
in
villagers?
life.
As
the
study
was
conducted
by
university
staff
members
with
the
participation
of
village
leaders,
its
results
will
be
used
in
further
discussions
to
build
a
relationship
between
academic
and
community
people
in
order
to
better
support
the
economic
and
educational
development
of
the
village
and
suggest
a
model
for
peaceful
learning
society
in
the
country.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Sandar Win
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-01
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Mandalay Division, Economy: general, analytical, statistical (various sources), Rural development in Burma/Myanmar, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
3.4 MB
more
Description:
This article on Mandalay Division was originally printed in the New Light of Myanmar on February 13th, 2005, as part of a series leading up to and immediately following the celebration of Union Day on the 12th of February. The original text along with accompanying pictures and tables can also be found in the archive of the print edition of NLM in the On-line Burma Library at http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs2/NLM2005-02-13.pdf
An article summing up recent developments in the whole country with accompanying statistical tables was published in NLM on Union Day, 2005, and is available at http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs2/NLM2005-02-12.pdf.
Thiha Aung
Source/publisher:
SPDC (News and Periodicals Enterprise, Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2005-02-13
Date of entry/update:
2005-08-09
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Mandalay Division
Language:
English
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
2.34 MB 7.56 MB
Local URL:
more