Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
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Individual Documents
Description:
Executive Summary:
"This report 'System of Impunity' documents detailed accounts of sexual violence against
women in all the ethnic states, as well as in central areas of Burma. These stories
demonstrate patterns of continuing widespread, and systematic human rights violations
being perpetrated by the regime?s armed forces and authorities.
Women and girls from different ethnic groups report similar stories of rape, including
gang rape; rape and murder; sexual slavery; and forced ?marriage”. Significantly, almost
all the incidents took place during the last two years, precisely while the regime has been
repeatedly denying the prevalence of military rape in Burma.
These stories bear witness to the fact that, despite the regime?s claims to the contrary,
nothing has changed in Burma. Regardless of their location, be it in the civil war zones,
the ceasefire areas or ?non-conflict” areas, it is clear that no woman or girl is safe from
rape and sexual torture under the current regime. Soldiers, captains, commanders and
other SPDC officials continue to commit rape, gang rape and murder of women and
children, with impunity.
The documented stories demonstrate the systematic and structuralized nature of the
violence, and the climate of impunity which not only enables the military to evade
prosecution for rape and other crimes against civilian women, but also fosters a culture of
continued and escalating violence. Even when crimes are reported no action is taken and
moreover complainants are victimised, threatened or imprisoned. Women and children
continue to be raped, used as sex slaves, tortured and murdered across the country by the
regime?s armed forces and authorities.
It is clear that the rapes and violence are not committed by rogue elements within the
military but are central to the modus operandi of this regime. Structuralized and
systematic human rights violations, including sexual violence, are an inevitable result of
the regime?s policies of military expansion and consolidation of control by all possible
means over a disenfranchised civilian population.
This is why there can be no other solution to the problem of systematic sexual violence in
Burma than an end to military rule. While countries in the region, members of ASEAN,
and particularly Burma?s neighbours, appear willing to overlook human rights issues in
their dealings with Burma, women of Burma wish to highlight that these policies of
constructive engagement have grave repercussions for the citizens of Burma, particularly
women and children. The political support which the regime is gaining from the region is
emboldening it to continue its policies of militarization and accompanying sexual
violence. It is directly placing the lives of women and girls in Burma at risk..."
Source/publisher:
Women's League of Burma (WLB)
Date of publication:
2004-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2004-09-04
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Articles, reports and sites relating to women of Burma, Women and armed conflict - Burma/Myanmar
Language:
English
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"Since the military regime took power in 1962, it has put disproportionate resources into maintaining its power and strengthening the military. The result of this and the ongoing civil war is poor infrastructure, inadequate health care and education systems, widespread poverty and a militarized society that puts the needs of the civilian population, particularly women, second to military concerns. The elevation of the military in society has enforced stereotypes about the subordinate status of women while at the same time blocked access to the tools, such as education and health care, women need to attain genuine equality. Although the military regime became a party to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination of Women (CEDAW) in 1997 it has done little more than make token changes, such as the formation of some women?s organizations, to implement the tenets of the convention.
Ethnic women living in conflict areas are particularly vulnerable to human rights abuses. Health care and education is severely underdeveloped in these areas, including access to family planning methods. Women in these areas are also subject to forced relocations, forced labor, forced portering in war zones, physical abuse and sexual violations. These are directed, primarily, at ethnic minorities seeking autonomy. Women in conflict areas find themselves vulnerable to abuse and lacking in their basic needs which may force them into becoming refugees or migrants..."
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Documentation Unit, NCGUB
Date of publication:
2003-09-30
Date of entry/update:
2003-11-10
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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htm
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Trafficking in women stems from society?s failure to recognize the valueof certain forms of labor, leaving women engaged in them open to every imaginable form of exploitation. Trafficked women need more than pity, argues Jackie Pollock: They need room to find their own solutions to the problems facing their respective professions.
Jackie Pollock
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy, Vol. 9. No. 2
Date of publication:
2001-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Trafficking: Burma-specific material
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Source/publisher:
Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB
Date of publication:
1995-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Burma Human Rights Yearbook 1994, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
Format :
htm
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61.29 KB
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Description:
Events of 2000. Women in Politics, Health of women from Burma, Women and Forced Labor, Violence against Women, Trafficking of Women, Rape and sexual violence - Partial list of incidents,
"Since the military regime took power in 1962, it has had to put disproportionate resources into maintaining its power and
strengthening the military. The result of this and ongoing civil war is poor infrastructure, inadequate health care and education
systems, widespread poverty and a militarized society that puts the needs of the civilian population, particularly women, second
to military concerns. The elevation of the military in society has enforced stereotypes about the subordinate status of women
while at the same time blocked access to the tools, such as education and health care, that women need to attain genuine
equality. Although the military regime became a party to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination of Women
(CEDAW) in 1997 it has done little more than make token changes, such as the formation of some women?s organizations, to implement it..."
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Documentation Unit, NCGUB
Date of publication:
2001-09-30
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Articles, reports and sites relating to women of Burma
Language:
English
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151.43 KB 6.04 KB
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"...The elevation of the military in society has enforced stereotypes about the subordinate
status of women while at the same time blocked access to the tools, such as education and health care, that women need to
attain genuine equality. Although the military regime became a party to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination of
Women (CEDAW) in 1997 it has done little more than make token changes, such as the formation of some women?s
organizations, to implement the tenets of the convention.
Ethnic women living in conflict areas are particularly vulnerable to human rights abuses. Health care and education is severely
underdeveloped in these areas, including access to family planning methods. Women in these areas are also subject to forced
relocations, forced labor, forced portering in war zones, physical abuse and sexual violations. These are directed, primarily, at
ethnic minorities seeking autonomy. Women in conflict areas find themselves vulnerable to abuse and lacking in their basic
needs, which may force them into becoming refugees or migrants...."
Source/publisher:
Human Rights Documentation Unit, NCGUB
Date of publication:
2002-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Articles, reports and sites relating to women of Burma, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
Format :
htm
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Description:
Buddhist nuns have long played an important role in the country?s spiritual life, despite centuries of discrimination.
Thameechit
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy", Vol. 8. No. 9
Date of publication:
2000-08-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Burmese Buddhism and Society, Buddhist women
Language:
English
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Source/publisher:
United Nations (CEDAW/C/MMR/1)
Date of publication:
1999-06-25
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) - UN/Myanmar documents
Language:
English
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pdf
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Description:
(CEDAW/C/2000/I/CRP.3/Add.2/Rev.1.)
Source/publisher:
United Nations.
Date of publication:
2000-01-28
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) - UN/Myanmar documents
Language:
English
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pdf
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51.29 KB
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21 January 2000: 1) U Win Mra?s Statement; 2) Questions from the Committee; 3) Response by Myanmar; 4) Shadow Report by the Women?s Organizations of Burma?s Shadow Report Writing Committee: "Burma: The Current State of Women - Conflict Area Specific". Includes recommendations on health, education, violence against women and poverty.
Source/publisher:
"Burma Debate" Vol. VI, No, 4
Date of publication:
2000-01-21
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) - UN/Myanmar documents
Language:
English
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Description:
Position paper prepared by
Shan Women�s Action Network (SWAN) for the 59th session of the UN Commission on aHuman Rights.
17 March -25 April, 2003.
"Since 1992, the UNCHR has passed resolutions each year on the situation of human rights in Burma. The reports by the UN Special Rapporteurs on Burma submitted to the UN General Assembly since 1992 have contained an abundance of summaries of testimonies of extreme human rights violations committed by the Burmese military regime, including military rape.]
In the 1994 report, one recommendation reads, "The Government of Myanmar should take the necessary steps to bring the acts of soldiers, including privates and officers, in line with accepted international human rights and humanitarian standards so that they will not commit arbitrary killings, rapes and confiscations of property, or force persons into acts of labour, portering, relocation or otherwise treat persons without respect for their dignity as human beings." The Special Rapporteur on Burma?s 2003 report contains similar recommendations..."
Source/publisher:
Shan Women�s Action Network (SWAN)
Date of publication:
2003-04-09
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Public briefings and oral statements to the CHR by non-governmental organisations, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
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htm
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58.33 KB
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"Many sociologists, anthropologists, and even Burmese politicians have maintained that Burmese women face less gender discrimination than do their sisters in other Southeast Asian countries. Burma's relative isolation for nearly forty years has helped perpetuate this myth, even as women's groups in exile make concerted efforts to debunk it. Despite Burma's ratification of the Convention on Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), discrimination is apparent in virtually every facet of women's lives. Its consequences are most visible in the country's remote rural areas, populated primarily by ethnic peoples, where gender discrimination is compounded by civil war. Because of the diversity among Burma's 135 officially-recognized ethnic groups, generalizing about them is risky. However, there clearly exists a country-wide pattern to the abuses suffered by Karen, Karenni, Mon, Shah, Kachin, Chin, Arakanese, Rohingya, and other ethnic women.
In naming itself the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), the ruling military junta neatly highlights the two areas in which it most consistently fails the country's citizens: peace and development. Government neglect of social programs diminishes women's access to health care, education, and economic resources, while military campaigns to eliminate ethnic resistance put women's lives and wellbeing under constant threat. For years, even decades, human rights organizations have documented human rights violations against ethnic women in Burma. Only recently have Burmese women's organizations in exile had the means to publicize the lesser-known consequences of oppression for women..."
Brenda Belak
Source/publisher:
"Cultural Survival Quarterly" Issue 24.3
Date of publication:
2000-10-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
"The massive influx of migrants from Burma into Thailand is one of the largest migrant populations in Asia. Over one million migrants from Burma are currently residing in Thailand. An ethnically diverse group coming from all over Burma and speaking many different languages, these migrants often lack a common language even among themselves. What they do share are encounters of fear and violence, that affect most facets of their lives.
During 1998, an Assessment of Reproductive and Sexual Health Perspectives, Concerns and Realities of Migrant Workers
from Burma in Thailand was conducted under the guidance of Mahidol University?s Institute of Population and Social Research (IPSR). The recently published results of the study reveal that a fear of violence and a preoccupation with staying safe determines almost every aspect of the migrants? lives, including their health care options and decisions.
The study highlights the extremely limited health services that exist in Burma as well as the problems encountered by migrants in
Thailand such as the ready availability of medicines without access to health services or education. Consequently, people from
Burma suffer from easily treatable conditions, presenting a health care crisis on both sides of the border. Most migrants from
Burma in Thailand reside illegally and are generally unable to communicate in Thai. They are often in situations which leave them
vulnerable to violence and abuse by employers, authorities and even each other. These experiences, coupled with fears of
violence and exploitation, create a vacuum in which the migrants have few or no options for health services. This reality is further
compounded by cultural mores and the lack of basic and reproductive health education, which lead to high maternal mortality and
morbidity rates, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV/ AIDS)..."
Therese Caouette
Source/publisher:
"Burma Debate" VOL. VII, NO. 4 WINTER 2000
Date of publication:
2000-11-30
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Reproductive Health/Gynaecology, Obstetrics, Articles, reports and sites relating to women of Burma, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Health of migrants from Burma
Language:
English
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Link to the URLs of the individual chapters (pdf):
IMAGES ASIA?S CEDAW PROJECT METHODOLOGY:
THE AIM OF THIS REPORT 11;
THE INTERVIEW PROCESS 11;
OBSTACLES ENCOUNTERED DURING RESEARCH 13;
DATA ANALYSIS 14;
OTHER PROJECT AIMS 17.
THE CEDAW & THE GOVERNMENT?S OBLIGATIONS:
THE CEDAW & THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN?S RIGHTS MOVEMENT;
STRUCTURE OF THE CEDAW;
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS;
CEDAW MONITORING MECHANISMS;
THE SPDC AT THE 22ND SESSION OF THE CEDAW...
MEETINGS & MACHINERY: THE GOVERNMENT?S COMMITMENT TO THE CEDAW:
OVERVIEW;
THE BURMESE WAY TO EQUALITY;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
SOCIAL ROLES & GENDER STEREOTYPES:
OVERVIEW;
RELIGION & GENDER DISCRIMINATION;
PRESERVERS OF CULTURE;
FAMILY ROLES;
SOCIAL RELATIONS & BEHAVIOURAL NORMS;
RESTRICTIONS;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN:
OVERVIEW;
WOMEN IN WAR;
RELOCATION & DISPLACEMENT;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE & ARMED CONFLICT;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN AREAS OF MILITARY OCCUPATION;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE ACROSS BORDERS: REFUGEES & MIGRANTS;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE COMMUNITY;
REPORTING & PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE;
FORCED MARRIAGE;
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN RELOCATION & REFUGE;
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
WOMEN?S HEALTH:
OVERVIEW;
GOVERNMENT HEALTH SPENDING;
POLICY, LAW & ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS RELATING TO WOMEN?S HEALTH;
EDUCATION ABOUT WOMEN?S HEALTH ISSUES;
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE;
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH;
MATERNAL HEALTH;
WOMEN & HIV/AIDS 120
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
EDUCATION FOR WOMEN & GIRLS:
OVERVIEW;
WOMEN & ILLITERACY;
CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE & DROP OUT;
BARRIERS TO EDUCATION;
DISCRIMINATION IN GIRLS? SCHOOLING;
INCENTIVES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION;
VOCATIONAL TRAINING;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
THE ECONOMY & WOMEN?S LABOUR:
OVERVIEW;
THE ECONOMY;
DECISION-MAKING & THE FAMILY INCOME;
CULTURAL STEREOTYPES REGARDING WORK;
RURAL WOMEN;
FORCED LABOUR;
EDUCATION & WORK OPPORTUNITIES;
WOMEN IN THE PAID LABOUR FORCE;
THE CIVIL SERVICE;
THE INFORMAL SECTOR;
THE PRIVATE SECTOR;
LACK OF INFORMAL & PRIVATE SECTOR REGULATION;
THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
MIGRATION & TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN & GIRLS:
OVERVIEW;
RESTRICTION ON WOMEN?S FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT;
REGIONAL MIGRATION;
TRAFFICKING;
SEX WORK;
DEPORTATION;
ACTIONS TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
WOMEN & THE LAW:
OVERVIEW;
FOUNDATIONS OF THE LAW IN BURMA;
LAWS RELATING SPECIFICALLY TO WOMEN;
THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW;
WOMEN & FAMILY LAW;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
WOMEN?S PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS:
OVERVIEW;
RESTRICTIONS ON POLITICAL FREEDOM;
INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION;
NATIONAL PARTICIPATION;
LOCAL PARTICIPATION;
WOMEN?S PARTICIPATION IN OPPOSITION MOVEMENTS;
CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY;
WOMEN?S POLITICAL ACTIVITIES IN EXILE;
WOMEN IN BURMA?S POLITICAL FUTURE;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS...
CONCLUSION...
BIBLIOGRAPHY...
ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE.
Brenda Belak
Source/publisher:
Images Asia
Date of publication:
2001-12-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Articles, reports and sites relating to women of Burma, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Myanmar Documents submitted to CEDAW by civil society organisations
Language:
English
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htm
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Description:
This extract offers a brief overview of gender-based violence in Burma and among Burmese refugees in Thailand.
"...Women have been victims of the well-documented and pervasive human rights abuses also suffered by men, including forced
labor on government construction projects, forced portering for the army, summary arrest, torture and extra-judicial execution.
These and other human rights violations are committed sometimes in the course of military operations, but more often as part of
the army?s policy of repression of ethnic minority civilians. Women and girls are specifically targeted for rape and sexual
harassment by soldiers. Many of the areas in Burma where soldiers rape women are not areas of active conflict, though
they may have large numbers of standing troops. There has been little action on the part of the state to reduce the
prevalence of sexual abuse by its military personnel or ensure that the perpetrators of these crimes are brought to justice..." For the full report, covering most parts of the world, follow the link below.
Source/publisher:
International Rescue Committee, Women?s Commission on Refugee Women and Children
Date of publication:
2002-05-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Karen and other refugees from Burma in Thailand - general reports and articles
Language:
English
Format :
htm
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37.49 KB
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"The Burmese military regime?s use of sexual violence in the ongoing war in Shan State...This report details 173 incidents of rape and other forms of sexual
violence, involving 625 girls and women, committed by Burmese army
troops in Shan State, mostly between 1996 and 2001...
The report gives clear evidence that rape is officially condoned as a
?weapon of war? against the civilian populations in Shan State. There
appears to be a concerted strategy by the Burmese army troops to rape
Shan women as part of their anti-insurgency activities. The incidents
detailed were committed by soldiers from 52 different battalions. 83%
of the rapes were committed by officers, usually in front of their own
troops. The rapes involved extreme brutality and often torture such as
beating, mutilation and suffocation. 25% of the rapes resulted in
death, in some incidences with bodies being deliberately displayed to
local communities...Evidence in this report has revealed that the Burmese military regime is using rape on a systematic and widespread scale as a
?weapon of war? against the ethnic populations in Shan State. It has also illustrated that the increased militarization of the region has
greatly increased the vulnerability of women and girls to rape. Examining the jurisprudence from the ICTY and ICTR on sexual
violence as an international crime, illustrates there is a strong case that war crimes and crimes against humanity are being
committed by the Burmese army in Shan State.
The rape survivors have no recourse either to legal processes, or to any crisis support inside Shan State. Those fleeing to Thailand
are also denied their right to protection and humanitarian assistance, and are liable to deportation at any time...".....Available in Shan,Burmese, Chinese, French, German, Hindi
Source/publisher:
Shan Human Rights Foundation, Shan Women
Date of publication:
2002-04-30
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Discrimination against the Shan
Language:
English, Shan, Burmese, Chinese, French, German, Hindi
Local URL:
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Description:
A substantial and important report.
""Lin Lin" was thirteen years old when she was recruited by an agent for work in Thailand. Her father took $480 from the agent with the understanding that his daughter would pay the loan back out of her earnings. The agent took "Lin Lin" to Bangkok, and three days later she was taken to the Ran Dee Prom brothel. "Lin Lin" did not know what was going on until a man came into her room and started touching her breasts and body and then forced her to have sex. For the next two years, "Lin Lin" worked in various parts of Thailand in four different brothels, all but one owned by the same family. The owners told her she would have to keep prostituting herself until she paid off her father's debt. Her clients, who often included police, paid the owner $4 each time. If she refused a client's demands, she was slapped and threatened by the owner. She worked every day except for the two days off each month she was allowed for her menstrual period. Once she had to borrow money to pay for medicine to treat a painful vaginal infection. This amount was added to her debt. On January 18, 1993 the Crime Suppression Division of the Thai police raided the brothel in which "Lin Lin" worked, and she was taken to a shelter run by a local non-governmental organization. She was fifteen years old, had spent over two years of her young life in compulsory prostitution, and tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV.
"Lin Lin" is just one of thousands of Burmese women and girls who have been trafficked and sold into what amounts to female sexual slavery in Thailand. In the last two years, Thai NGOs estimate that at a minimum, some twenty thousand Burmese women and girls are suffering Lee's fate, or worse, and that ten thousand new recruits come in every year. They are moved from one brothel to another as the demand for new faces dictates, and often end up being sent back to Burma after a year or two to recruit their own successors..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Watch and the Women's Rights Project (Human Rights Watch)
Date of publication:
1993-07-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Trafficking: Burma-specific material, Trafficking of migrants, Sex workers
Language:
English
Local URL:
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Description:
International Women's Day statement/open letter to Professor Pinheiro, Special Rapporteur on Myanmar of the Commission on Human Rights
Source/publisher:
ALTSEAN-Burma, Forum-Asia, APWLD, Friends Without Borders
Date of publication:
2003-03-08
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
Extracts from the report of the Commission of Inquiry
appointed under article 26 of the Constitution of the
International Labour Organization to examine the
observance by Myanmar of the
Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)
Source/publisher:
ILO Commission of Inquiry
Date of publication:
1998-07-02
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Forced Labour in Myanmar (Burma) Report of the ILO Commission of Inquiry, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Governing Body of the International Labour Office (English)
Language:
English
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htm
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382.96 KB
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2 minute 37 second extract from a film by Ellen Bruno. "Screened at Sundance, the film examines the social, cultural and economic forces at work in the trafficking of Burmese girls into prostitution in Thailand. The site also has linked resources - organisations, films, publications, calls to action etc.
Ellen Bruno
Source/publisher:
.brunofilms
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Children's rights: reports of violations in Burma against more than one ethnic group, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Migrants' rights: reports of violations, Trafficking: Burma-specific material
Language:
English, Thai
Local URL:
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Description:
The Burmese Military and Sexual Violence. " This report seeks to make visible the structural origins of the rape of ethnic Burmese women, with particular attention paid to the institution that nurtures the rapists, the Burmese army. The report is based on primary research consisting of original interviews with defectors from the Burmese army, and villagers who lived in close proximity to the army, often because their villages were occupied by the army. By examining the military structures giving rise to prevalent rape, this report proposes not to absolve the soldier perpetrators of responsibilities for their crimes. Rather, we look for the root causes so we can advocate for institutional change as well as establish individual culpability and argue for individual punishment... Rape by the Burmese military, particularly against ethnic minority women, is an intrinsic component of the conflict in Burma. This report hypothesizes that the prevalence of rape in Burma is enabled by a number of larger cultural factors.
Betsy Apple
Source/publisher:
Earthrights International
Date of publication:
1998-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
Nov-Dec 92. Karen F, C: rape of woman in bed with her children; looting; killing.
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) Regional & Thematic Reports
Date of publication:
1993-02-01
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination against the Karen, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Date of publication:
1995-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
Local URL:
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Description:
"Late 92. Karen, men, women, children: Forced portering; killing; torture; forced labour (incl. mine-sweeping); use of human shields (porters forced to put on army uniforms and go ahead of the march); use of porters to carry ammunition to the soldiers during fighting; abandonment of wounded porters; gang rape; old women and children used as porters; inhuiman treatment (beating, deprivation of sleep, food, water and medicine); rape; looting; extortion; women and children forced to do mine-sweeping..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) Regional & Thematic Reports
Date of publication:
1993-02-16
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination against the Karen, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description:
Shwegung Township. Karen women, children: mass gang rape; (including of children and old women; killing; beating of a monk; looting; pillaging (destroying property and burning crops)in a Karen village, which was subsequently abandoned.
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) Regional & Thematic Reports
Date of publication:
1992-01-24
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination against the Karen, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
Format :
html
Size:
6.12 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
Latter half of 92. Karen F: torture; looting; forced labour; extortion; killing; pillaging (burning of houses); details of torture
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG)
Date of publication:
1993-02-16
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination against the Karen, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description:
"We heard, we read, we know.
And we are outraged.
We, from various international and regional organizations, come together to express our
collective disgust and anger over the widespread and systematic use of rape as a
weapon of war by the Burmese military regime. We ask the international community to
take immediate action to end these practices and to protect the victims.
The data that has been documented by the brave women of the Shan Women�s Action
Network (SWAN) and Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF), published as �Licence to
Rape�, has brought to public attention what, up until now, has been whispered in fear
throughout the communities that have been ravaged by these acts of terror..."
Source/publisher:
Petition
Date of publication:
2002-08-26
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description:
"Are young Burmese girls working in the brothels of Thailand victims or players in the lucrative sex trade? Perhaps a look at two typical cases can shed light on this question..."
Aung Zaw in Mae Sai, Chiang Mai & Min Zin in Ranong
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy", Vol. 9. No. 2
Date of publication:
2001-01-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Children's rights: reports of violations in Burma against more than one ethnic group, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Trafficking: Burma-specific material, Sex work
Language:
English
Local URL:
more
Description:
OVERVIEW;
WOMEN IN WAR;
RELOCATION & DISPLACEMENT;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE & ARMED CONFLICT;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN AREAS OF MILITARY OCCUPATION;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE ACROSS BORDERS: REFUGEES & MIGRANTS;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE COMMUNITY;
REPORTING & PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE;
FORCED MARRIAGE;
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN RELOCATION & REFUGE;
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;
FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS.
Brenda Belak
Source/publisher:
Images Asia
Date of publication:
2001-12-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, Culture of violence
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
744.52 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
WOMEN AND POLITICS: The Democracy Movement,
"Dialogue",
Women's Organisations,
Inside Burma,
Outside Burma;
WOMEN, POVERTY & THE ECONOMY:
Living in Poverty;
SPDC and Poverty;
WOMEN AND EDUCATION:
Access to Basic Education,
Education and Politics;
"Relevant History",
The Re-Opening of Universities;
WOMEN AND HEALTH:
Access to basic health standards and facilities,
Demographics;
HIV/AIDS:
Women, Children & HIV,
HIV/AIDS Prevention,
Family Planning,
Refugees & Migrant Workers;
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN:
Rape,
Women outside Burma,
Commercial Sex Workers (CSW);
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SPDC:
BIBLIOGRAPHY;
WHAT YOU CAN DO;
CONTACTS:
Women of Burma Groups,
Groups Working with Women of Burma,
Burma on the Internet;
RESOURCES FROM ALTSEAN-BURMA.
Source/publisher:
Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma (ALTSEAN-Burma)
Date of publication:
2001-05-31
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Category:
Articles, reports and sites relating to women of Burma, Discrimination/violence against women: reports of violations in Burma, ALTSEAN-Burma archive
Language:
English
Format :
htm doc
Size:
285.57 KB 158 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
Asia Social Forum, Hyderabad, India, January 2-7-2003...
Statement by Shan Women?s Action Network (SWAN)...
"Since the Burmese Army troops began coming into Shan State, they have been
abusing the local populations. Women have always been easy targets, and have been
vulnerable to sexual violence.
Sexual violence serves the multiple purposes of not only terrorizing local
communities onto submission, but also flaunting the power of the dominant troops
over the enemy?s women, and thereby humiliating and demoralizing resistance forces.
It also serves as a ?reward” to troops for fighting..."
Source/publisher:
Shan Women?s Action Network (SWAN)
Date of publication:
2003-01-07
Date of entry/update:
2003-03-31
[field_licence]
Type:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Local URL:
more