CHAPTER 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.1 Objectives of the Study 1-1 1.2 Study Area 1-1 1.3 Framework of the Study 1-1 1.4 Pilot Project 1-2 1.5 Organization for the Study 1-3.... CHAPTER 2 PRESENT CONDITIONS IN THE STUDY AREA 2.1 Natural Condition in the Study Area 2-1 2.1.1 Topography, Geology and Soils 2-1 2.1.2 Meteorology and Hydrology 2-2 2.1.3 Fauna and Flora 2-5 2.2 Land Use and Vegetation 2-8 2.2.1 Current Land Use 2-8 2.2.2 Historical and Chorological Change 2-9 2.2.3 Land Use and Vegetation of Each Reserved Forest 2-11 2.3 National Socioeconomic Condition 2-17 2.3.1 National Administration System and Development Policy 2-17 2.3.2 Macro-economic situation 2-18 2.3.3 Agricultural Production 2-21 2.4 Socioeconomic Condition of Ayeyawady Division 2-22 2.4.1 Population 2-22 2.4.2 Products 2-22 2.5 Socioeconomic Condition of the study area 2-25 2.5.1 Locations of the Villages 2-25 2.5.2 Demography 2-26 2.5.3 Ethnicity and Religion 2-26 2.5.4 Landholding 2-27 2.5.5 Occupational Structure (Income Level) 2-28256 Transportation Infrastructure 2-29 2.5.7 Communication 2-29 2.5.8 Water 2-29 2.5.9 Sanitation 2-30 2.5.10 Education 2-31 2.5.11 Health and Medical Services 2-32 2.5.12 Housing 2-32 2.6 Current Value of Mangrove Forest 2-33 2.6.1 Introduction 2-33 2.6.2 Function of Mangrove Forest 2-34 2.6.3 Valuation of Each Function 2-35 2.6.4 Current Value of Mangrove Forest by Functions 2-36 2.6.5 Conclusion 2-37 2.7 Socioeconomic Condition and Livelihood of Local People 2-37 2.7.1 Poverty 2-37 2.7.2 Markets and Prices 2-38 2.7.3 Household Economy Model 2-40.... CHAPTER 3 PRESENT INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST AND FORESTRY 3.1 National Policy and Institutional Framework 3-1 3.1.1 National Policy 3-1 3.2 Institutional Framework of the Ministry of Forestry 3-4 3.2.1 National Institutional Framework of Forestry 3-4 3.2.2 District Institutional Framework of Forest Department 3-7 3.3 Institutional and Administrative Framework of the Forest Department 3-9 3.3.1 Functions and Responsibilities of the Forest Department 3-9 3.3.2 Organization 3-9 3.3.3 State/Division and District Offices of the Forest Department 3-10 3.3.4 Organizations of the FD in Laputta and Bogalay Township 3-11 3.3.5 Budget 3-13 3.4 Community Forestry Instruction 3-14 3.4.1 Outline of the Community Forestry Instruction 3-14 3.4.2 Institutional System and Mechanism of the Community Forestry Activity 3-17 3.4.3 Training for Participatory Development in Community Forestry 3-19 35 Current Mangrove Forest Management 3-21 3.5.1 Application of National Policy, Forest Law, and Regulations 3-21 352 Institutional and Financial System for Mangrove Forest Management 3-23 3.5.3 Current Situation of Community Forestry with Mangrove Forest Management 3-24 3.5.4 Review of Kadonkani Reserved Forest Integrated Resource Management 3-31 3.5.5 Other Relevant Agencies Associated with Mangrove Forest Management in the Study Area 3-37....CHAPTER 4 PRESENT CONDITION OF NATURE AND RESOURCE OF THE STUDY AREA 4.1 Conditions of Mangrove Forests 4-1 4.1.1 Historical Review of Mangrove Forests 4-1 4.1.2 Current Situation of Mangrove Forests 4-2 4.1.3 Usage of Mangrove Resources 4-9 4.1.4 On-going Operations related to Mangrove Forests 4-12 4.2 Current Condition of Agricultural Resource Use and Development in the Study Area 4-19 4.2.1 Agriculture 4-19 4.2.2 Agroforestry 4-25 4.2.3 Implications of Mangrove Forest Management 4-26 4.3 Aquatic Resource Use and Development 4-28 4.3.1 Fishery Resources and Fishery 4-28 4.3.2 Extracting Fisheries 4-31 4.3.3 Aquaculture 4-33 4.3.4 On-Going and Future Fishery Plan 4-34 4.4 Fauna and Flora 4-36 4.4.1 On-Going and Future Wildlife Conservation Plan 4-36.... CHAPTER 5 PRESENT SITUATION OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT FOR EXTENSION OF COMMUNITY FORESTRY INSTRUCTION 5.1 Participatory Development Projects in the Study Area 5-1 5.1.1 UNDP-HDI Project 5-1 5.1.2 FREDA Project 5-4 5.1.3 Forest Department Activity 5-5 5.1.4 Participatory Development and Constraints 5-7 5.2 Community Forestry User Groups 5-9 5.2.1 Social Cohesiveness 5-9 5.2.2 Participation in CF 5-10 5.2.3 Willingness to Participate in the CF Activities 5-11 5.2.4 Villager?s Needs 5-11 5.2.5 Constraints to Participation 5-11.... CHAPTER 6 PILOT PROJECT 2003 AND 2004 6.1 Background 6-1 6.1.1 Objectives, Themes and Target Villages 6-1 6.1.2 Timeframe and Component of Pilot Project 6-2 6.2 Pilot Project 2003 6-3 6.2.1 Objective and Scope of Works 6-3 6.2.2 Target Area 6-3 6.2.3 Implementation Procedure 6-4 6.2.4 Implementation Framework 6-4625 Components of the Pilot Project 2003 6-5 6.2.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Methods 6-6 6.2.7 Physical Result 6-7 6.2.8 Outputs of the Pilot Projects 6-11 6.3 Pilot Project 2004 6-12 6.3.1 Objective and Scope of Works 6-12 6.3.2 Target Area 6-13 6.3.3 Implementation Procedures 6-13 6.3.4 Implementation Frameworks 6-14 6.3.5 Components of the Pilot Project 2004 6-15 6.3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Methods 6-15 6.3.7 Physical Results: FD Capacity Development Pilot Project 6-16 6.3.8 Physical Results: Thar Yar Kone and Nyaung Ta Pin CF Pilot Project 6-18 6.3.9 Outputs of the Pilot Project 2004 6-21 6.4 Implication for IMMP: Summary of Pilot Project 2003 and 2004 6-22