Executive Summary: This situation analysis aims to analyses the situation of population and development, reproductive health and gender in Myanmar and their linkages, to serve as a reference for informing policy makers and programme planners from both the government and the international community involved in protecting the rights and improving the lives of Myanmar?s population and furthering sustainable development. The situation analysis (SA) has been conducted by an independent team, which was supported by UNFPA. It was carried out between th e period of July 2009 to July 2010, using a life cycle perspective to understand the totality of population, the forces that contribute towards development and their interrelations with reproductive health and gender. Existing causalities between the issues of population development, reproductive health and gender require a holistic approach that unifies many sectoral and contextual issues. Myanmar is committed to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) programme of action and also to fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This situation analysis cuts across population and development, reproductive health and gender and is the first ever done analysis in Myanmar. Although there is limitation in geographic coverage and scarcity of data to be analyzed in further depth, this re view should be considered as a living document and a template for future documentation when new information and data becomes available. A notable challenge in the preparation of this situation analysis has been the limited scope of available data. The information gaps for evidence-based planning are well recognized as the most recent census was in 1983, after which there have only been a few nationally representative sample surveys for specific purposes. There is a great need to strengthen statistical services in Myanmar and foster greater data consistency..."