"The civil war in Burma or Myanmar broke out after the country's independence in 1948, as successive central governments of Burma fought numerous radical and racial rebellions. Some of the earliest insurgencies were made by Marxist groups – Communist Party of Burma (CPB) and Red Flag Communist Party - and by the Karen National Union (KNU). One year after Burma‘s independence from the British in January 1949, the Karen National Defense Organization (KNDO) was established to challenge against the U Nu‘s Government. The KNDO later became KNLA and its political wing became the Karen National Union (KNU). The KNU fought to create an independent Karen state from large part of Lower Myanmar. Other ethnic revolutions broke out in the early 1960s after the central government ignored considering a federal union government. By the early 1980s, ethnic-based rebellions continued on the go thru the armed struggle. In the 1980s, ethnic rebel groups controlled most of the country's border areas. The two major organizations fighting against the Burma Socialist Programme Party-led government, were two umbrella groups, the pro-Chinese Communist Party of Burma (allied to local Kokang Chinese, Wa and Shan groups), based along the Chinese-Burmese border; and the pro-West National Democratic Force (made up of ethnic Mon, Karen, Karenni and Shan opposition groups), based along the Thai-Burmese border. By the late 1980s, the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) had weakened due to decreasing of China‘s funding and internal dissension. During the 1988 Uprising, the CPB failed to seize the opportunity to do well from political turning point. In September 1988, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), a military council, staged a coup d‘état. Coincidently, ethnic Wa and Kokang armed forces launched a rebellion against CPB and successfully set up the United Wa State Party (UWSP) and the National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) respectively..."