"On 9 October 2016, a Rohingya armed group accompanied by villagers attacked three border posts, killing nine police personnel and seizing weapons and ammunition in Kyee Kan Pyin, Nga Khu Ya (North Maungdaw Township) and Koe Tan Kauk (Rathedaung Township). Security forces immediately launched counter-insurgency operations in North Maungdaw and completely locked down the area, suspending all movement as well as humanitarian access. These clearance operations involved collective reprisals against civilians, committed with total impunity. Gruesome human rights violations were perpetrated by security forces, ranging from arson attacks, summary killings of villagers, gang-rape of women and girls, destruction of property and crops, mass arrests and disappearances. The NLD-led government has mostly denied these allegations of abuses. To date, three national investigation commissions have been established, with mandates to probe into allegations of human rights violations in Maungdaw. They have yet to submit their final reports..."