Report on the Experts Regional Consultation for Transboundary Biodiversity Management and Climate Change Adaptation.....Foreword: "The Brahmaputra-Salween Landscape (BSL) is a biodiversity-rich transboundary landscape that stretches across China, India, and Myanmar in the eastern Himalayas. Located at the confluence of Indo-Malayan, Palaeoarctic, and Sino-Japanese realms, this landscape harbours a rich mixture of floral and faunal elements from the three bio- geographic regions and thus has a high degree of endemism. The landscape hosts several well-known protected areas such as Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve (Arunachal Pradesh, India), Hkakabo Razi National Park (Kachin State, Myanmar), and Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve (Yunnan Province, China) that share the contiguous habitat of several plant and animal species of global conservation significance. Besides harbouring an extremely rich biodiversity, this landscape is home to diverse ethnic communities with unique socio-cultural traditions. However, there are numerous environmental and socioeconomic discrepancies impacting the existence of both the region?s biodiversity and its people. Striking a balance between traditional resource use patterns, globalization, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation in the region is the challenge at hand. While there are global policy instruments such as the CBD to guide national biodiversity strategies and action plans, it is imperative for the countries in the region to join hands and combine individual efforts, resources, expertise, and knowledge to produce a regional outcome for the shared landscape. Landscape complexes, like the BSL and several others across the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, should be viewed as platforms to instigate cumulative regional action towards the long-term sustainability of entire landscapes and the environmental and socioeconomic elements within them. In addition, the BSL even creates an opportunity to establish strategic landscape connectivity between the HKH and the Greater Mekong region further east. The regional Experience-Sharing Consultation on the Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Conservation and Management in the Eastern Himalayas, held in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, in 2009, laid the groundwork for a dialogue on a regional conservation initiative for the BSL. The second consultation on the BSL organized in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 21-23 December 2011 again brought together ICIMOD and partner institutions from the three member countries to reflect on the outcomes of the consultation in Tengchong and to work out a framework for future programmatic action. The consultation was successful in producing a draft framework to define the long-term vision, goals, objectives, and a strategic action plan to facilitate both national and regional biodiversity management in the BSL. The strategic framework is intended to build the capacity of national institutions and individuals for research and knowledge development and for knowledge sharing as well as for designing management interventions on the ground to help communities enhance their socioeconomic resilience to climate change and other drivers of change."