Description:
"In April 2012, Burma (also known as Myanmar) started
seeing the easing and, in some cases, the suspension of decades
of sanctions imposed by Western countries after more than
50 years of military rule in Burma. The countries that agreed to
suspend sanctions were the United States, Australia, Canada,
the European Union (EU), and Japan. The decision was made as
Burma?s Government started to implement democratic reforms.
With the suspension of sanctions, companies from the countries
mentioned above were allowed to start investing in Burma. The
United States suspended the sanctions in July 2012 (Pawlak and
Moffett, 2012; Spetalnick, 2012).
In 2012, Burma produced a variety of mineral commodities,
including cement, coal, copper, lead, natural gas, petroleum,
petroleum products, precious and semiprecious stones, tin,
tungsten, and zinc. On November 11, 2012, a 6.8-magnitude
earthquake struck the country. The epicenter was located in
central Burma near the town of Shwebo, 60 kilometers (km)
northwest of Burma?s second largest city, Mandalay. Damage to
many buildings was reported, including hospitals, monasteries,
and schools, mainly in the villages of Male, Mandalay, Mogok,
and Shwebo. Reports also indicated that miners were trapped in
a gold mine in the Singgu area in Mandalay. On March 24, 2011,
a previous earthquake of 6.9 magnitude had struck the eastern
part of the country just north of Tachileik town in Shan State
close to the border with Laos and Thailand. Production of such
commodities as brine salt and some semiprecious stones dipped
during the period following the 2011 earthquake, but the mineral
industry in general was not affected (table 1; U.S. Geological
Survey, 2011, 2012; Tun, 2012b).
Bangladesh, Burma, and India were involved in maritime
boundary disputes concerning their respective sovereignty
in the Bay of Bengal. For many years, these countries had
attempted to negotiate and delimit their claims in the disputed
area. In December 2009, Bangladesh and Burma accepted the
jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the
Sea (ITLOS) for the settlement of their boundary delimitation.
ITLOS is an independent judicial body established by the United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that has
jurisdiction to arbitrate disputes arising out of the interpretation
and application of the Law of the Sea. UNCLOS establishes a
legal framework to regulate ocean space and its resources and
uses (International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, 2010).
In September 2011, representatives from Bangladesh and
Burma met with the ITLOS in Germany for a final round of
pleadings regarding the maritime boundary. The final ITLOS
judgment of March 14, 2012, dealt with the delimitation in three
parts—the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zones and
continental shelf within 200 nautical miles, and the continental
shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. ITLOS rendered its judgment
in relation to the territorial sea by drawing an equidistant line
from the countries? baselines. For the exclusive economic zones
and continental shelf within 200 nautical miles, the tribunal
decided to draw a provisional equidistant line that adjusts to
the concavity of the coast of Bangladesh. For the delimitation
of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, the tribunal
concluded that it should not differ from that of within the
200 nautical miles and should continue in the same direction
beyond the limit of Bangladesh (International Law Observer,
2012; International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, 2012)..."
Source/publisher:
US Geological Survey (USGS), "Minerals Yearbook" 2012
Date of Publication:
2014-11-21
Date of entry:
2014-12-21
Grouping:
- Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
English