Introduction: "In Myanmar there have been several changes in policy relating to language choice in higher education over the past decades. Currently national law allows individual universities and departments to choose their preferred language of instruction, either English or Burmese, or some combination of the two. This has in practice resulted in virtually all higher education institutions in Myanmar adopting a policy whereby English is used as the sole medium of instruction, although ?explanations? of terminology and concepts may be given in Burmese. The prevalent view among local policy makers and university administrators when discussing the restructuring and revitalisation of the national education system is that instruction should be given in English. This reflects a widespread perception in Burmese society that English is the most important foreign language for university students to master, as it is seen as the dominant language of business, science and international affairs. The adoption of English in higher education institutions in Myanmar has, however, given rise to considerable challenges. On the one hand, the command of academic-level English among both students and lecturers is limited. On the other hand, the English- language teaching materials used are often decades out of date and many university departments are reluctant to rely on any Burmese language texts as auxiliary resources. Against this backdrop, the key questions which increasingly face local educators and policy makers are whether, at this juncture, English is the best medium of instruction for higher education in Myanmar, and, if so, whether the solution to existing problems lies in introducing more intensive English-language teaching at the primary and secondary levels..."