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Endnotes - Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment or Punishment

 
1. Source: UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1, 1984, accessed online at: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm

2. Source: Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, accessed online at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/ratification/9.htm

3. Source: UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1, 1984, accessed online at: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm

4. Source: “Rohingya Beaten And Forced To Sign on Blank Paper,” Kaladan News, 12 January 2007.

5. Source: “Silent But Defiant,” Guardian Unlimited, 14 December 2007; “Detained Student Beaten In Custody,” DVB, 13 December 2007.

6. Source: “Police Extort Kyat 60,000 from Shop Owner,” Kaladan News, 15 January 2007.

7. Source: “Nasaka’s Extortion Continues,” Kaladan News, 13 March 2007.

8. Source: Burma Bulletin, Issue 4, Altsean Burma, April 2007.

9. Source: “School Boy Tortured to Death, Villager Shot by Burma Army Patrol,” FBR, 16 April 2007.

10. Source: “Public Statement by AAPP One Month after the Commencement of Peaceful Demonstrations across Burma,” AAPP, 18 September 2007.

11. Source: “Girl Paraded by Police without Clothes, except ‘Tami’,” Kaladan News, 30 April 2007.

12. Source: “Rohingya Women Tortured, Gang Raped and Killed,” Kaladan News, 2 April 2007.

13. Source: “Soldiers in Arakan Gang Rape Two Women, One Dies,” Kaladan News, 20 August 2007.

14. Source: “Burmese Military Rapes, Tortures Women: Report,” DVB, 12 February 2007.

15. Source: “Burma Army Attacks and Mortars Villages, Destroys Property, Extorts Villagers’ Property and Continues to Re-Supply Camps in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 26 February 2007.

16. Source: “Junta’s Abuse: A Key Obstacle to Reconciliation,” DVB, 12 February 2007.

17. Source: The Situation of Prisons in Burma as of 2006, AAPP, 31 January 2007.

18. Source: Ibid.

19. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean Burma, July 2006.

20. Source: UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,
Article 1, 1984, accessed online at: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm.

21. Source: The Situation of Prisons in Burma as of 2006, AAPP, 31 January 2007.

22. Source: “Public Assaults and Deaths in Custody; No One to Investigate,” AHRC Statement, 15 August 2007.

23. Source: “Family of Young Man Killed By Local Council Members Intimidated & Kept In the Dark,” AHRC, 18 June 2007.

24. Source: Ibid.

25. Source: “Public Assaults and Deaths in Custody; No One to Investigate,” AHRC, 15 August 2007.

26. Source: Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, Report of the Special Rapporteur to the UN Human Rights Council, Fourth session, Agenda Item 2, 12 February 2007.

27. Source: Situation of Human rights in Myanmar, Report of the Special Rapporteur to the UN Human Rights Council, Sixth Session, Agenda Item 4, 7 December 2007.

28. Source: “Concentration Camps in Chin State Deprived of Health Care,” Khonumthoung News, 12 February 2007.

29. Source: “Myanmar Briefing Paper: No Return to Normal”, Amnesty International, November 2007.

30. Source: The Situation of Prisons in Burma as of 2006, AAPP, 31 January 2007.

31. Source: Ibid.

32. Source: Ibid.

33. Source: “Condition of Detainees in Police Battalion #7, Rangoon,” AAPP, 21 September 2007.

34. Source: Burma Bulletin, Issue24, Altsean Burma, February 2007.

35. Source: The Mon Forum, Issue 7, HURFOM, 31 July 2007.

36. Source: “Update of the Current Situation in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 3 February 2007.

37. Source: Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, Report of the Special Rapporteur to the UN Human Rights Council, Fourth session, Agenda Item 2, 12 February 2007.

38. Source: “Soldiers in Arakan Gang Rape Two Women, One Dies,” Kaladan News, 20 August 2007.

39. Source: “Soldiers Break Rohingya’s Leg,” Kaladan News, 15 March 2007.

40. Source: “Graveyards, Not Labour Camps,” Bo Kyi, 1 August 2007.

41. Source: Ibid.

42. Source: “Six More Porter Prisoners Escape to Border,” Kantarawaddy Times, 13 February 2007.

43. Source: “Burmese Military Rapes, Tortures Women: Report,” DVB, 12 February 2007.

44. Source: Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, Report of the Special Rapporteur to the UN Human Rights Council, Fourth session, Agenda Item 2, 12 February 2007: 14.

45. Source: “SPDC Tortured People in Thaton District,” Burma Issues, 28 April 2007.

46. Source: “Isolated Villagers Move to Larger Village to Avoid Torture,” IMNA, 15 January 2007.

47. Source: “SPDC Cannot Take on 30 Mon Rebels (Online Opinion),” IMNA, 6 February 2007.

48. Source: “Police Extort Kyat 60,000 from Shop Owner,” Kaladan News, 15 January 2007.

49. Source: “Rohingya Fined and Detained for Not Parting with Cattle,” Kaladan News, 10 February 2007.

50. Source: “Soldiers Break Rohingya’s Leg,” Kaladan News, 15 March 2007.

51. Source: “Oil Mill Owner fined Kyat 69,000 by Nasaka,” Kaladan News, 19 March 2007.

52. Source: “Rohingya Women Tortured, Gang Raped and Killed,” Kaladan News, 2 April 2007.

53. Source: “Girl Paraded by Police without Clothes, except ‘Tami’,” Kaladan News, 30 April 2007.

54. Source: “Young Monk’s Health Deteriorates in Buthidaung Prison,” Narinjara News, 26 December 2007.

55. Source: “Soldiers in Arakan Gang Rape Two Women, One Dies,” Kaladan News, 20 August 2007.

56. Source: “Rohingya Beaten and Forced To Sign on Blank Paper,” Kaladan News, 12 January 2007.

57. Source: “Nasaka Snatches Eight Goats from Businessman,” Kaladan News, 19 February 2007.

58. Source: “Rohingya Arrested on False Charges in Maungdaw,” Kaladan News, 18 February 2007.

59. Source: “Rohingya Killed in Custody,” Irrawaddy, 3 March 2007.

60. Source: “Fisherman Arrested and Tortured by Nasaka,” Kaladan News, 16 April 2007.

61. Source: Burma Bulletin, Issue 4, Altsean Burma, April 2007; “Rohingya Man Killed Brutally by Police,” Kaladan News, 23 April 2007.

62. Source: “Nasaka Detains Rohingya Youth for Being in Love,” Kaladan News, 7 May 2007.

63. Source: “Nasaka Kills Boy,” Kaladan News, 22 May 2007.

64. Source: “SaYaPa Kills Cattle Trader,” Kaladan News, 21 July 2007.

65. Source: “Schoolboy Tortured by Burma’s Border Security Force,” Kaladan News, 28 August 2007.

66. Source: “Child’s Body Exhumed in Maungdaw,” Kaladan News, 28 October 2007.

67. Source: “Nasaka Personnel Kill Colleague in Maungdaw,” Kaladan News, 28 November 2007.

68. Source: “Hindu Girl Severely Beaten Up by Burma’s Security Force,” Kaladan News, 27 November 2007.

69. Source: “People’s Militia Assault Farmer in Myinbya,” Kaladan News, 30 November 2007.

70. Source: “Nasaka’s Extortion Continues,” Kaladan News, 13 March 2007.

71. Source: “Monk Bashed During September 18 Sittwe Protest,” DVB, 21 September 2007.

72. Source: “Burmese Intelligence Agency Arrests Three in Akyab,” Kaladan News, 29 October 2007.

73. Source: “Two More Alleged Killings in Police Custody; No Investigations,” AHRC, 16 July 2007.

74. Source: “NLD Members Allege Torture during Interrogation,” DVB, 22 October 2007.

75. Source: “NLD Member Force Fed Substance in Interrogation,” 20 December 2007.

76. Source: “Concentration Camps in Chin State Deprived of Health Care,” Khonumthoung, 12 February 2007.

77. Source: “Rights Activists Vow to Expose Suspected Custody Killing,” Mizzima News, 7 February 2007.

78. Source: “Two Rights Activists Bashed in Irrawaddy Division,” DVB, 19 April 2007; “USDA Orders Attack on Human Rights Activists,” Mizzima News, 19 April 2007; “Burmese Activist Decries Treatment after Attack,” RFA, 1 May 2007.

79. Source: “Myanmar Human Rights Defender Jailed,” AP, 26 July 2007.

80. Source: “Public Assaults and Deaths in Custody, No One to Investigate,” AHRC, 15 August 2007.

81. Source: “SPDC Military Killed Village Head, Seized the Secretary with One Preacher,” KSWDC, 9 January 2007.

82. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 9/07,” KNU, 2 April 2007.

83. Source: “Burma Army Attacks and Mortars Villages, Destroys Property, Extorts Villagers’ Property and Continues to Re-Supply Camps in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 26 February 2007.

84. Source: KNU Press Release No. 9/07,” KNU, 2 April 2007.

85. Source: “School Boy Tortured to Death, Villager Shot by Burma Army Patrol,” FBR, 16 April 2007; Landmines, Killings and Food Destruction: Civilian Life in Toungoo District, KHRG, 9 August 2007.

86. Source: “Photo Gallery 2007: Attacks and Killings,” KHRG, November 2007. Accessed at: http://www.khrg.org/photoreports/2007photos/gallery2007/section2.html

87. Source: “Six More Porter Prisoners Escape to Border,” Kantarawaddy Times, 13 February 2007.

88. Source: “Burma Army Executes Captured Relief Team Member,” FBR, 27 April 2007.

89. Source: “Woman Kicked by Drunk Mandalay Policeman,” DVB, 9 April 2007.

90. Source: “Government-Backed Group Obstructs Police Investigations after another Human Rights Defender Assaulted,” AHRC, 20 July 2007; “Government by Thuggery,” AHRC, 23 July 2007.

91. Source: “Meiktila Man Dies after Two Days Detention,” DVB, 2 August 2007.

92. Source: “Pagoda Official Dies in Custody,” DVB, 9 August 2007.

93. Source: “More Arrests in Burma, Detainee Dies during Interrogation,” Mizzima News, 10 October 2007; “Detainees Dying under Interrogation, Say Burmese Sources,” Irrawaddy, 10 October 2007.

94. Source: “Silent but Defiant,” Guardian Unlimited, 14 December 2007.

95. Source: “Burmese Battalion Continues Torture on Southern Mon People,”IMNA, 8 January 2007.

96. Source: “Isolated Villagers Move to Larger Village to Avoid Torture,” IMNA, 15 January 2007.

97. Source: The Mon Forum, Issue 7, HURFOM, 31 July 2007.

98. Source: “Hired Porter Severely Beaten by Army Officer,” IMNA, 19 July 2007.

99. Source: “NMSP Senior Officer’s Son Assaulted by Burmese Army Officer,” IMNA, 28 August 2007.

100. Source: “Two More Alleged Killings in Police Custody; No Investigations,” AHRC, 16 July 2007.

101. Source: “Daw Kyi Kyi Nyunt was Tortured,” DVB, 28 October 2007, translation by HRDU.

102. Source: “Suu Kyi Supporters Assaulted in Pagoda,” Mizzima News, 25 May 2007.

103. Source: “Political Prisoner Beaten by Jail Authority,” Narinjara News, 24 February 2007.

104. Source: “Man’s Body Found Mutilated After Night in Detention,” DVB, 19 March 2007.

105. Source: “Family of Young Man Killed by Local Council Members Intimidated & Kept in the Dark,” AHRC, 18 June 2007.

106. Source: “Anxiety Over the Fate of 88 Generation Student Leaders and Peaceful Demonstrators inside Interrogation Centres,” AAPP, 8 September 2007; “Rumours of Jimmy’s Death Send Family Members to Question Authorities,” Irrawaddy, 8 September 2007.

107. Source: “Four Detained Activists in Good Health, but Others “in Hospital”,” Irrawaddy, 20 September 2007.

108. Source: “Police Crack Down on Ongoing Demonstrations,” DVB, 26 September 2007.

109. Source: “With Monks Contained, Myanmar Authorities Attack Civilians,” New York Times, 28 September 2007.

110. Source: “Monks in Hell,” Irrawaddy, 11 October 2007.

111. Source: “Two Detainees Die in Custody,” DVB, 8 October 2007.

112. Source: “Women’s Group Chair Ill-Treated in Detention,” DVB, 14 December 2007.

113. Source: “Rangoon Residents in Memorial the Violent Crack Down,” DVB, 13 October 2007.

114. Source: “South Dagon Man Beaten and Jailed by Ward Officials,” DVB, 27 November 2007.

115. Source: “Detained student Beaten in Custody,” DVB, 13 December 2007.

116. Source: “Condition of Detainees in Police Battalion #7, Rangoon,” AAPP, 21 September 2007.

117. Source: “Burmese Soldiers Raid Monastery and Beat Monks,” The Nation, 27 September 2007.

118. Source: “Ko Ko Win was Beaten by Military and Swan Arr Shin,” DVB, 5 November 2007, translation by HRDU.

119. Source: “They Came in the Night, Ready to Kill,” Irrawaddy, 27 September 2007.

120. Source: “Man Arrested for Stealing Noodles Dies in Custody,” DVB, 17 August 2007.

121. Source: “Arrest, Beating and Killing in Lai-Kha,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, June 2007.

122. Source: Ibid.

123. Source: SHRF Monthly Report November 2007, SHRF, 24 December 2007.


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