1. Source: A Campaign of Brutality: Report and Analysis of Burma Army Offensive against the People of Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma, February 2006 to February 2007, FBR, May 2007: 13.
2. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2006 Survey, TBBC, November 2006.
4. Source: “Burma among Housing Rights Violators,” BBC Burmese Service, 5 December 2007.
5. Source: “Burma Named Worst Violator of Housing Rights,” DVB, 6 December 2007.
7. Source: Handbook for Applying the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, UN OCHA, 1999, pg5.
8. Source: Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume 1: Rules, Henckaerts, J.M, & Doswald-Beck, L, March 2005.
9. Source: Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises, Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 39, Ashley South, February 2007.
10. Source: Development by Decree: The Politics of Poverty and Control in Karen State, KHRG, April 2007.
11. Source: In the Balance: Salween dam threaten downstream communities in Burma, MYPO, 2007.
13. Source: TBBC six month report: January to June 2007, TBBC, June 2007.
14. Source: “The Invisible Costs of the Salween Dam Project,” The Nation, 2 March 2007.
15. Source: “Jade Mining Forces Villages to Relocate,” NMG, 7 May 2007.
16. Source: “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Paulo Serigio Pinheriro”, Human Rights Council, Fourth session, A/HRC/4/14, 12 February 2007.
17. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 12 June 2006
18. Source: Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises, Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 39, Ashley South, February 2007: 22.
19. Source: “Interview with a Refugee from Thaton District,” Burma Issues, 28 April 2007.
21. Source: One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.
22. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007: 25.
23. Source: “Army Loots Goods Worth Kyat Five Million in Arakan,” Kaladan News, 8 February 2007.
24. Source: One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006
25. Sources: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern Karen State. Burma Issues, December 2006; Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
29. Source: SPDC Operations in Kler Lweh Htoo (Nyaunglebin) District, KHRG, 30 April 2006.
30. Source: Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, September 2006
31. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG 12 June 2006.
32. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
35. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2006 Survey, TBBC, November 2006.
36. Sources: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006; Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA burden on villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.
37. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
38. Source: “On The Run with the Karen People Forced to Flee Burma's Genocide,” The Independent, 17 January 2007.
41. Sources: “Over 500 New Settlers Arrive in Akyab Bound for Model Village from Burma Proper,” 3 April 2007; “New Settlers Reach Destination,” Narinjara News, 5 April 2007; “Nasaka Director's Annual Report to Western Command,” Kaladan News, 23 November 2007.
42. Source: Forced Migration/Internal Displacement in Burma: With an Emphasis on Government-Controlled Areas, iDMC, May 2007: 27.
43. Source: “Nasaka Director's Annual Report to Western Command,” Kaladan News, 23 November 2007.
44. Source: “NaTaLa Villagers Flee From Settlement,” Kaladan News, 11 December 2007.
45. Source: “Households Forced to Relocate for Model Villagers,” Narinjara News, 29 January 2007.
46. Source: “Forced Labour for Model Village in Northern Arakan,” Kaladan News, 12 February 2007.
47. Source: “300 Carpenters Forced to Construct New Model Village,” Narinjara News, 26 March 2007.
48. Source: “Mro Tribal Village Forced To Relocate,” Narinjara News, 3 January 2007.
49. Source: “Land Confiscation for New Settlers,” Kaladan News, 29 April 2007.
50. Source: “Over 500 New Settlers Arrive in Akyab Bound for Model Village from Burma Proper,” 3 April 2007.
51. Source: “New Settlers Reach Destination,” Narinjara News, 5 April 2007.
52. Source: “Heavy Rainfall Brings Suffering to People of Arakan,” Narinjara News, 8 July 2007.
53. Source: “More Flooding Hits Burma’s Kachin State,” Irrawaddy, 26 July 2007.
54. Source: “Heavy Rainfall Brings Suffering to People of Arakan,” Narinjara News, 8 July 2007.
55. Source: “UN Sends Relief to Flood-Stricken Burmese Region,” VOA, 11 July 2007.
56. Source: “People Face Rice Shortage in Northern Arakan,” Narinjara News, 10 July 2007.
57. Source: Forced Migration/Internal Displacement in Burma: With an Emphasis on Government-Controlled Areas, iDMC, May 2007.
58. Source: “Oppression in Chin State Force People to Abandon Homeland,” Khonumthung News, 21 February 2007.
59. Source: Forced Migration/Internal Displacement in Burma: With an Emphasis on Government-Controlled Areas, iDMC, May 2007.
60. Source: “Seven Houses Demolished to Make Way for College Building,” Khonumthoung News, 4 June 2007.
61. Source: “Storms Hit Irrawaddy, Magwe and Tenasserim,” DVB, 7 August 2007.
62. Source: “Thousands of Irrawaddy Farms Ruined as Rains Continue,” DVB, 21 August 2007.
65. Source: “Tens of Thousands Homeless in Myanmar Floods,” AFP, 20 August 2007.
66. Source: Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises, Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 39, Ashley South, February 2007: 19.
67. Sources: Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises, Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 39, Ashley South, February 2007: 20; “Jade Mining Forces Villages to Relocate,” NMG, 7 May 2007.
68. Source: “A Civilian House is Stolen by the Authorities,” KNG, May 16 2007.
69. Source: “Chinese Inspector Dies in Myitsone Hydro Power Project Site,” KNG, 29 November 2007.
70. Source: “Myitkyina Students Protest Damming the Irrawaddy,” KNG, 11 November 2007.
71. Source: “Jade Mining Forces Villages to Relocate,” NMG, 7 May 2007.
72. Source: “Burmese Tycoons Invade Jade Mines, Arable Land in Kachin State,” KNG, 19 July 2007.
74. Source: “More Flooding Hits Burma’s Kachin State,” Irrawaddy, 26 July 2007.
75. Source: “Areas of Kachin State Hit by Flooding,” Irrawaddy, 8 August 2007.
76. Source: “Junta Gives Yuzana Company Contract to Rebuild Ledo Road,” KNG, 21 November 2007.
77. Source: Ending the Waiting Game – Strategies for Responding to Internally Displaced People in Burma, RI, June 2006.
78. Source: Myanmar (Burma): A worsening crisis of internal displacement, iDMC, 28 March 2007, “The KNU 7th Brigade Defection: SPDC's propaganda over substance,” Altsean Burma, 23 February 2007.
79. Source: “Karen Villagers Forced to Prepare Roads for Tatmadaw Offensive,” Irrawaddy, 13 December 2007.
80. Source: Myanmar (Burma): A worsening crisis of internal displacement, iDMC, 28 March 2007; “The KNU 7th Brigade Defection: SPDC's propaganda over substance,” Altsean Burma, 23 February 2007.
81. Source: Source: “Burma Army Offensive: Northern Karen State,” FBR, 9 November 2007.
82. Source: “On The Run with the Karen People Forced to Flee Burma's Genocide,” The Independent, 17 January 2007.
83. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
84. Source: Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises, Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 39, Ashley South, February 2007: 13.
85. Source: “Burma Army Offensive: Northern Karen State,” FBR, 9 November 2007.
86. Source: “Update of the Current Situation in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 3 February 2007.
87. Source: “Karen Rights Group Reports New Cases of Forced Labour,” Irrawaddy, 27 March 2007.
88. Source: “Salween Dams to Disrupt Karen Supply Line, Rights Group Says,” DPA, 24 April 2007.
89. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007.
90. Source: Provoking Displacement in Toungoo District: Forced labour, restrictions and attacks, KHRG, 30 May 2007.
91. Source: Increased roads, army camps and attacks on rural communities in Papun District, KHRG, 16 November 2007.
94. Source: Road construction, attacks on displaced communities and the impact on education in northern Papun District, KHRG, 26 March 2007.
96. Source: “Update of the Current Situation in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 3 February 2007.
97. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 3/07,” KNU, 2 April 2007.
98. Source: “Update of the Current Situation in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 3 February 2007.
99. Sources: “KNU Press Release No. 3/07,” KNU, 2 April 2007; “Update of the Current Situation in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 3 February 2007.
100. Source: “General Human Rights Violations during January – March 2007,” CIDKP, March 2007.
101. Source: Road construction, attacks on displaced communities and the impact on education in northern Papun District, KHRG, 26 March 2007.
102. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 3/07,” KNU, 2 April 2007.
103. Source: “Thousands Flee Army Campaign in Eastern Burma,” Irrawaddy, January 2007.
104. Source: “Update of the Current Situation in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 3 February 2007.
106. Source: Road construction, attacks on displaced communities and the impact on education in northern Papun District, KHRG, 26 March 2007.
107. Source: Road construction, attacks on displaced communities and the impact on education in northern Papun District, KHRG, 26 March 2007.
108. Source: “Burma Army Attacks and Mortars Villages, Destroys Property, Extorts Villagers' Property and Continues to Re-Supply Camps in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 26 February 2007.
109. Source: “General Human Rights Violations during January – March 2007,” CIDKP, March 2007.
110. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 17/07,” KNU, 28 May 2007.
111. Source: “General Human Rights Violations during January – March 2007,” CIDKP, March 2007.
112. Source: “Four Villagers Killed, Three Shot Point Blank, as 2,000 Flee Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 7 April 2007.
113. Sources: “Four Villagers Killed, Three Shot Point Blank, as 2,000 Flee Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 7 April 2007; “KNU Press Release No. 18/07,” KNU, 28 May 2007; “KNU Press Release No. 12/07,” KNU, 2 April 2007; “General Human Rights Violations during January – March 2007,” CIDKP, March 2007.
114. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 17/07,” KNU, 28 May 2007.
115. Source: “Update of Burma Army Attack in Dooplaya District, Karen State,” FBR, 12 March 2007.
116. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 18/07,” KNU, 28 May 2007.
117. Sources: Over a hundred villagers cross into Thailand following joint SPDC and DKBA attacks in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 9 March 2007; “KNU Base Under Attack, 200 Villagers Flee to Border,” NMG, 8 March 2007.
118. Source: “Myanmar Military Offensive Leaves 14 Dead, 300 Ethnic Karen Flee to Thailand,” AP, 12 March 2007.
119. Sources: “Over 1,000 Villagers Displaced as Burma Army Launches New Attacks in Papun District and Mon Township,” FBR, 24 March 2007; “Four Villagers Killed, Three Shot Point Blank, as 2,000 Flee Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 7 April 2007.
120. Sources: “Four Villagers Killed, Three Shot Point Blank, as 2,000 Flee Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 7 April 2007; “Over 1,000 Villagers Displaced as Burma Army Launches New Attacks in Papun District and Mon Township,” FBR, 24 March 2007.
121. Source: “General Human Rights Violations during January – March 2007,” CIDKP, March 2007.
122. Source: Road construction, attacks on displaced communities and the impact on education in northern Papun District, KHRG, 26 March 2007.
123. Source: “Four Villagers Killed, Three Shot Point Blank, as 2,000 Flee Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 7 April 2007.
125. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 16/07,” KNU, 11 May 2007.
126. Source: “Over 130 Families Flee to Thailand as Burma Army Attacks,”FBR, 9 April 2007
127. Source: “Burma: Army and Its Proxies Threaten Refugee Caps – Thailand Should Protect Refugees and Civilians Fleeing Conflict,” HRW, 14 April 2007.
128. Source: “Rebels seize KNU Battalion HQ,” Irrawaddy, May 2007.
129. Sources: “Over 130 Families Flee to Thailand as Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 9 April 2007; “State Artillery Fire Spills across Thai Border,” DVB News, 10 April 2007; “Rebels seize KNU Battalion HQ,” Irrawaddy, May 2007; “Burma: Army and Its Proxies Threaten Refugee Caps – Thailand Should Protect Refugees and Civilians Fleeing Conflict,” HRW, 14 April 2007; “Myanmar military offensive drives 250 ethnic minority Karen to flee into Thailand,” AP, 9 April 2007.
130. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 16/07,” KNU, 11 May 2007.
131. Source: “Photos of Displaced Villagers from Pa'An District”, FBR, 20 April 2007.
132. Source: “General Human Rights Violations during April 2007,” CIDKP, April 2007.
133. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 18/07,” KNU, 28 May 2007.
134. Sources: “One Killed, Over 4,000 Villagers Flee Fresh Burma Army Offensive,” NMG, 2 May 2007; “Over 1,000 Karen Villagers Flee Fresh Burma Army Offensive,” NMG, 24 May 2007.
135. Source: “One Killed, Over 4,000 Villagers Flee Fresh Burma Army Offensive,” NMG, 2 May 2007.
136. Source: “Deaf Villager Shot and Killed at Point Blank,” FBR, 21 May 2007.
137. Source: “Over 4,000 newly displaced; Burma Army burns down a fifth village in Northern Papun District, Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 3 May 2007.
138. Sources: "Burma Bulletin: May 2007”, Altsean Burma, May 2007; “Karen Villages Torched by Burmese Troops,” DVB News, 24 May 2007; “Over 1,000 Karen Villagers Flee Fresh Burma Army Offensive,” NMG, 24 May 2007.
139. Source: “Karen Villages Torched by Burmese Troops,” DVB News, 24 May 2007.
140. Source: “Burma Army Shoots and Kills Two People, Villager Steps on Mine, Hundreds Remain in Hiding,” FBR, 24 November 2007.
141. Source: SPDC Army Atrocities in Ler Muh Bplaw village tract in the words of a local resident, KHRG, 24 October 2007.
142. Source: “Junta collects money and confiscates farms for development project,” The Mon Forum Issue 5/07, HURFOM, 31 May 2007.
143. Sources: “Burma Army Offensive: Northern Karen State,” FBR, 9 November 2007; “Letter from Villagers Now in a Forced Relocation Site under the Control of the Burma Army,” FBR, 8 November 2007.
144. Source: “Burmese Tycoons Invade Jade Mines, Arable Land in Kachin State,” KNG, 19 July 2007.
145. Source: “Villagers Forced To Leave Homes in Karen State,” Irrawaddy, 10 July 2007.
146. Source: “Four villagers shot and killed, villages burned and people forced to act as human minesweepers as the Burma Army attacks villages in Toungoo District,” FBR, 1 November 2007.
147. Source: Increased Roads, Army Camps and Attacks on Rural Communities in Papun District, KHRG, 16 November 2007.
148. Source: “Villager Killed, Two Villagers Step on Landmines and Two Villages Destroyed, More than 1,000 Flee New Attacks Northern Karen and Southern Karenni States,” FBR, 22 August 2007.
149. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 24/07,” KNU, 12 October 2007.
150. Source: Increased Roads, Army Camps and Attacks on Rural Communities in Papun District, KHRG, 16 November 2007.
151. Source: Increased Roads, Army Camps and Attacks on Rural Communities in Papun District, KHRG, 16 November 2007.
152. Sources: “Villager Killed, Two Villagers Step on Landmines and Two Villages Destroyed, More than 1,000 Flee New Attacks Northern Karen and Southern Karenni States,” FBR, 22 August 2007; “IDPs Attacked By Burmese Troops in N Karen State,” Irrawaddy, 17 August 2007; “More than 1,000 Karen Flee Their Homes,” DVB, 27 August 2007.
153. Source: “IDPs Attacked By Burmese Troops in N Karen State,” Irrawaddy, 17 August 2007.
154. Source: “Four villagers shot and killed, villages burned and people forced to act as human minesweepers as the Burma Army attacks villages in Toungoo District,” FBR, 1 November 2007.
155. Source: “Junta tightens Noose on Northern Karen State,” Mizzima News, 21 August 2007.
156. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 30/07,” KNU, 12 October 2007.
157. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 33/07,” KNU, 12 October 2007.
158. Source: “Four villagers shot and killed, villages burned and people forced to act as human minesweepers as the Burma Army attacks villages in Toungoo District,” FBR, 1 November 2007.
159. Source: “Burma Army now attacking villagers, burning rice barns and blocking access to fields during harvest in Northern Karen State,” FBR, 6 November 2007.
160. Sources: “Burma Army Shoots and Kills Two People, Villager Steps on Mine, Hundreds Remain in Hiding,” FBR, 24 November 2007; “Burma Army Kills Three Villagers, Hundreds Flee New Attacks,” FBR, 6 December 2007; “New Burma Army Attack Displaces more than 300 People, Including at least 100 Children,” FBR, 15 November 2007.
161. Source: “Burma Army Offensive: Northern Karen State,” FBR, 9 November 2007.
162. Source: Increased Roads, Army Camps and Attacks on Rural Communities in Papun District, KHRG, 16 November 2007.
163. Sources: SPDC Troops Burn Villages and Step Up Operations Against Civilians In Southern Toungoo District, KHRG, 7 December 2007; “Burma Army Kills Three Villagers, Hundreds Flee New Attacks,” FBR, 6 December 2007.
164. Source: “Burma Army Kills Three Villagers, Hundreds Flee New Attacks,” FBR, 6 December 2007.
165. Source: TBBC six month report: January to June 2007, TBBC, June 2007.
166. Source: “80,000 Karenni villagers become IDPs,” Irrawaddy, 15 November 2007.
167. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
168. Source: “80,000 Karenni villagers become IDPs,” Irrawaddy, 15 November 2007.
169. Source: “Road Construction in Tandem with Military Operations in Karenni State,” Kantarwaddy Times, 19 May 2007.
170. Source: “Internally Displaced Persons Subject to Acute Attack of Malaria,” KSWDC, 26 May 2007.
171. Source: “Over 30 Ethnic Karennis Flee Offensive,” Mizzima News, 12 June 2007.
172. Source: “Burma Bulletin: October 2007”, Altsean Burma, October 2007.
173. Source: Forced Migration/Internal Displacement in Burma: With an Emphasis on Government-Controlled Areas, iDMC, May 2007.
175. Sources: “Magwe Villages Ordered to Make Way For Dam,” DVB, 20 February 2007; “Magwe Villages Forced to Move For Metta Reservoir,” DVB, 6 March 2007; “Messenger News,” FTUB, 6 March 2007.
176. Source: “Storms Hit Irrawaddy, Magwe and Tenasserim,” DVB, 7 August 2007.
177. Source: Forced Migration/Internal Displacement in Burma: With an Emphasis on Government-Controlled Areas, iDMC, May 2007.
178. Source: “Government Seizes Farmland from Locals,” DVB, 31 December 2007.
179. Source: Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises, Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 39, Ashley South, February 2007.
180. Sources: TBBC six month report: January to June 2007, TBBC, June 2007; Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
181. Source: “Health Care Crisis Facing Displaced Mon,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 28 February 2007.
182. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
183. Source: “Factors Contributing to the Rise of Labour Migration from Southern Burma,” The Mon Forum Issue 7/07, HURFOM, 31 July 2007.
184. Source: “Continuous Use of Forced Labour by SPDC Authorities and the Burmese Army In Mon State and Tenasserim Division,” The Mon Forum Issue 6/07, HURFOM, 31 June 2007.
185. Source: “Factors Contributing to the Rise of Labour Migration from Southern Burma,” The Mon Forum Issue 7/07, HURFOM, 31 July 2007.
189. Source: “Killings, torture and relocations start afresh in Southern Burma,” IMNA, 6 July 2007.
190. Source: “Over 300 Relocated Villagers Desperate for Space to Resettle,” IMNA, 10 July 2007.
191. Source: “Military Occupation Increases Human Rights, Environmental Abuses,” Irrawaddy, 20 February 2007.
192. Source: Forced Migration/Internal Displacement in Burma: With an Emphasis on Government-Controlled Areas, iDMC, May 2007.
193. Source: Bullets in the Alms Bowl; An analysis of the brutal SPDC suppression of the September 2007 Saffron Revolution, HRDU, March 2008.
194. Sources: “Junta to confiscate houses at eastern gate of Shwedagon,” Mizzima News, 3 December 2007; Bullets in the Alms Bowl; An analysis of the brutal SPDC suppression of the September 2007 Saffron Revolution, HRDU, March 2008.
195. Source: “Over 380 Houses Compelled to Relocate For Tamanthi Dam,” Mizzima News, 5 March 2007.
197. Source: “Myanmar Army Demolishes Houses for Training Ground,” Khonumthoung News, 19 May 2007.
198. Source: “Over 400 Houses to be Demolished for Airport-Road Modification,” Khonumthoung News, 18 May 2007.
199. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
200. Source: TBBC six month report: January to June 2007, TBBC, June 2007.
202. Source: “Repeated Forced Relocations in Murng-Kerng,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, 24 November 2007.
203. Sources: “400 Villagers Forced to Attend ‘Celebration’,” ERI, 29 March 2007; “Over 400 Villagers Forced to Attend Launch of Tasang Construction,” Mizzima News, 29 March 2007.
205. Source: “Shan Residents Fear Forced Removal from Dam Site,” DVB, 16 July 2007.
206. Source: “Mong Yu Residents Pressurized to Relocate in Three Days,” KNG, 25 June 2007.
207. Source: “The Junta Orders to Relocate the Civilian Houses within 7 Days,” KNG, 18 June 2007.
208. Sources: “Mong Yu Residents Pressurized to Relocate in Three Days,” KNG, 25 June 2007; “Police Arrest Two Residents in Mong Yu,” KNG, June 21 2007.
209. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2007 Survey, TBBC, October 2007.
|
