HRDU Yearbook 2007 | Chapter 7 Endnotes

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Endnotes - Right to Health

1. Source: Humanitarian Situation Update: April 2007, Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Myanmar, 2007.

2. Source: The Gathering Storm: Infectious Diseases and Human Rights in Burma 2007, Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Human Rights Center, University of California, July 2007.

3. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

4. Source: Ibid.

5. Source: Burma Economic Review 2005-2006, The Burma Fund, June 2007.

6. Source: Running on empty: poverty and child malnutrition, SCUK, May 2007.

7. Source: “Food Prices Spark Open Dissidence,” Mizzima News, 28 February 2007.

8. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

9. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

10. Source: Chronic Emergency; Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, September 2006.

11. Source: “Burma's Economy: The Junta's Achilles' Heel,” Mizzima News, 6 August 2007.

12. Source: “Burma’s Long and Steady Downward Slide,” UPI, 12 July 2007.

13. Source: “Burma's Economy: The Junta's Achilles' Heel,” Mizzima News, 6 August 2007.

14. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

15. Source: Development By Decree: The Politics of Poverty and Control in Karen State, KHRG, April 2007.

16. Source: “Population-based survey methods to quantify associations between human rights violations and health outcomes among internally displaced persons in Eastern Burma,” Mullany et al, Journal of Epidemiology. Community Health 2007; 61: 908-914.

17. Sources: “Burma Army Offensive: Northern Karen State,” FBR, 9 November 2007; “Letter from Villagers Now in a Forced Relocation Site under the Control of the Burma Army,” FBR, 8 November 2007.

18. Source: “UN Rights Expert Calls For Access to Threatened Karen,” Irrawaddy, 27 February 2007; Humanitarian Situation Update: April 2007, Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Myanmar, 2007.

19. Source: “Myanmar Junta’s Environmental Practices Come under Fire,” Gulf Times, 4 September 2007.

20. Source: “Animals Killed By Chemical Agents, Hukawng Valley, ” KNG, 18 April 2007.

21. Source: “Burma’s Inle Lake under Threat, Ecologists Warn,” Irrawaddy, 4 July 2007.

22. Source: “Insecticide Usage on Rice Causes Public Health Problems,” Rhododendron News, Vol. X No. II, CHRO, April 2007.

23. Source: “Junta Hampering Food Movement; Hunger Big Danger, Says UN,” Irrawaddy, 29 September 2007.

24. Sources: Courage to Resist: Women Human Rights Defenders of Burma,WLB, November 2007; “Burma Army starts Killing,” DPA, 26 September 2007; “Su Su Nway Runs Out of Heart Medicine in Hiding Place,” Irrawaddy, 4 September 2007.

25. Source: “Names of Well-known Activists on Watch List at Burmese Checkpoint,” Irrawaddy, 7 September 2007.

26. Source: “Food Prices Spark Open Dissidence,” Mizzima News, 28 February 2007.

27. Source: “UN Coordinator lists Burma’s problems,” Irrawaddy, 29 June 2007.

28. Source: “No Compromise, Says Junta Mouthpiece,” Irrawaddy, 19 November 2007.

29. Source: Burma Economic Review 2005-2006, The Burma Fund, June 2007.

30. Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

31. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

32. Sources: “New Private Healthcare Law in Myanmar,” IMNA, 9 April 2007; “Rangoon Hospitals Ordered To Shut Down,” DVB, 22 February 2007.

33. Source: “Exiles Raise Funds For Their Old Homeland,” SHAN, 27 November 2007.

34. Source: “Pregnant Women Give Birth in Candle Lit Myitkyina's Hospital,” KNG, 13 August 2007.

35. Source: “Pregnant Woman Dies From Lack Of Treatment,” Kaladan News, 19 April 2007.

36. Source: “USDA-Run Clinic Demands Money from Patients,” DVB, 18 December 2007.

37. Source: “A Wife of Village Chairman Died for Military Blockage of Hospitalization,” KNG, 17 March 2007.

38. Source: “Myanmar Threatens Jail for Overcharging Doctors,” AFP, 6 April 2007.

39. Sources: “Did Than Shwe’s Wife Flee to Dubai?”, Irrawaddy, 30 September 2007; “Rumors Say Than Shwe is Ill – Bad Karma?,” Irrawaddy, 7 December 2007.

40. Source: “The Generals Who Would Be Kings,” Washington Post, 30 September 2007.

41. Source: “Health Training for Rural Areas of Burma,” Khonumthoung News, 7 December 2007.

42. Source: UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict in Myanmar, 16 Nov 2007.

43. Sources: “The Burma Army Kills And Rapes Villagers As They Attempt To Completely Dominate The Dooplaya District Of South Central Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 23 February 2007; “Shan Report from the Field and Training of New Teams,” FBR, 3 November 2007.

44. Source: “Malaria, Drug-Resistant TB Flourish in Myanmar,” Reuters, 30 May 2007.

45. Source: “Indian Traders to Organize Free Medical Camp in Burma,” Mizzima News, 2 July 2007.

46. Source: “Imported Food Safety a Problem, Says Burma,” Irrawaddy, 30 July 2007.

47. Source: “Malaria, Drug-Resistant TB Flourish in Myanmar,” Reuters, 30 May 2007.

48. Source: “Largest Pharmaceutical Factory Established in north Myanmar,” Xinhua, 21 December 2007.

49. Source: 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, UNAIDS, accessed online at: http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp.

50. Source: “3-D Fund Offers Myanmar 5 mln USD for Fighting Diseases Next Year,” Xinhua, 3 December 2007.

51. Source: HIV/AIDS in the South-East Asia Region, WHO, March 2007.

52. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

53. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

54. Source: “Burma’s HIV Rates Falling as Funds Dry Up, Say Experts,” IPS, 22 August 2007.

55. Source: “The Tatmadaw’s Hidden Enemy - HIV/AIDS,” Irrawaddy, 20 December 2007.

56. Source: “Burma Bordering Indian States Face Drug Abuse and HIV,” Narinjara News, 5 January 2007.

57. Sources: “Burma Bordering Indian States Face Drug Abuse and HIV,” Narinjara News, 5 January 2007; The Gathering Storm: Infectious Diseases and Human Rights in Burma 2007, Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Human Rights Center, University of California, July 2007:,29.

58. Sources: “Myanmar: Uphill Struggle to Contain HIV/AIDS,” IRIN News, 2 February 2007; “Selling Safer Sex in Conservative Burma,” Irrawaddy, September 2007.

59. Source: “Angry Junta Protest Raises Tension with UN,” Irrawaddy, 1 November 2007.

60. Sources: “ARV Treatment Denied New HIV/AIDS Patients in Rangoon,” Irrawaddy, 09 January 2007; “More People Turning to NLD for HIV Treatment: Activist,” DVB, 31 July 2007.

61. Source: Bullets in the Alms Bowl; An Analysis of the Brutal SPDC Suppression of the September 2007 Saffron Revolution, HRDU, March 2007.

62. Source: “HIV/AIDS Patients Also Hit By Rising Prices,” Irrawaddy, 31 August 2007.

63. Source: “ARV Drugs Need to Be Priced Lower in Burma,” IMNA, 12 July 2007.

64. Source: “The Tatmadaw’s Hidden Enemy - HIV/AIDS,” Irrawaddy, 20 December 2007.

65. Source: “Bago, Yangon host HIV education fairs,” Myanmar Times, 11 December 2007.

66. Source: “Burma’s Uphill Struggle to Contain HIV/AIDS,” Irrawaddy, 02 February 2007.

67. Source: “NLD Holds Human Rights Workshop,” DVB, 22 January 2007.

68. Source: “Freed Myanmar AIDS Activist Returns to Work,” AFP, 5 July 2007.

69. Sources: “Burmese Junta Releases Ten Detained HIV Patients,” Mizzima News, 8 June 2007; “11 HIV-Positive Activists Released from Enforced Hospital Stay in Myanmar,” AP, 8 June 2007.

70. Source: “Obscuring Burma’s Humanitarian Crisis,” Irrawaddy, 1 May 2007.

71. Source: “Solo Protest Staged by HIV Patient in Rangoon,” Irrawaddy, 4 April 2007.

72. Source: “Magwe AIDS Awareness Centre Shut Down By Officials,” DVB, 14 February 2007.

73. Sources: “Global Tuberculosis Control,” WHO Report 2007, WHO, 2007; The Gathering Storm: Infectious Diseases and Human Rights in Burma 2007, Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Human Rights Center, University of California, July 2007.

74. Source: “Fund Project to Start To Help Myanmar Fight Three Diseases,” Xinhua, 23 March 2007.

75. Source: “Angry Junta Protest Raises Tension with UN,” Irrawaddy, 1 November 2007.

76. Source: “Burma Bulletin: June 2007,” Altsean Burma, June 2007.

77. Source: “HIV/TB Report Card,” 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, UNAIDS, accessed online at: http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp.

78. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

79. Source: “Malaria, Drug-Resistant TB Flourish in Myanmar,” Reuters, 30 May 2007.

80. Source: “Angry Junta Protest Raises Tension with UN,” Irrawaddy, 1 November 2007.

81. Source: “Fund Project to Start To Help Myanmar Fight Three Diseases,” Xinhua, 23 March 2007.

82. Source: “Prevalence of plasmodium falciparum in active conflict areas of eastern Burma: a summary of cross-sectional data,” Richards, Smith, et.al., Conflict and Health 2007, I/9, 5 September 2007.

83. Source: “Prevalence of plasmodium falciparum in active conflict areas of eastern Burma: a summary of cross-sectional data,” Richards, Smith, et.al., Conflict and Health 2007, I/9, 5 September 2007.

84. Source: “Thailand Increases Malaria Treatment Units along Burma Border,” Irrawaddy, 23 August 2007.

85. Source: “WHO Advises Prompt Action on Dengue Fever,” Irrawaddy, 10 August 2007.

86. Source: “WHO Advises Prompt Action on Dengue Fever,” Irrawaddy, 10 August 2007.

87. Source: “‘Unusual Occurrence’ of Dengue in Burma: WHO,” Mizzima News, 10 August 2007.

88. Source: “Children Most Affected By Fresh Dengue Outbreak in Rangoon,” Mizzima News, 25 June 2007.

89. Source: “Burma Bulletin: July 2007,” Altsean Burma, July 2007; “Deadly Fever Kills Record Numbers of Rangoon Children,” DVB, 2 July 2007.

90. Source: “Deadly Fever Kills Record Numbers of Rangoon Children,” DVB, 2 July 2007

91. Source: “Dengue Fever Strikes Rangoon,” Irrawaddy, 10 July 2007.

92. Source: “Deadly Dengue Fever Hits Bago Children,” DVB, 26 July 2007.

93. Source: “Death Toll from Dengue Mounts in Mon State,” IMNA, 21 May 2007.

94. Sources: “Death Toll from Dengue Mounts in Mon State,” IMNA, 21 May 2007; “Clinics and Hospital Full of Dengue Patients,” IMNA, 10 August 2007; “Dengue Outbreak in Mon State Kills Eight Children,” IMNA, 16 May 2007.

95. Source: “Villagers Pay for MCWA Chairperson’s Visit,” IMNA, 11 June 2007.

96. Source: “Rangoon Residents Launch Dengue Fever Awareness Campaign,” DVB, 1 August 2007.

97. Sources: “WHO Warns Asian Countries to be Vigilant as Bird Flu Flares”, Irrawaddy, 17 December 2007; “Burma's First Human Case of Avian Flu Confirmed,” Mizzima News, 15 December 2007.

98. Sources: “New Bird Flu Outbreak Detected in Rangoon,” Irrawaddy, 1 March 2007; “Bird Flu Found in More Rangoon Townships,” Narinjara News, 5 March 2007; “More Bird Flu Found In Rangoon,” DVB, 21 March 2007; “New Bird Flu Cases in Rangoon,” Irrawaddy, 2 April 2007; “Myanmar Reports New Bird Flu Outbreak in Private Farm North of Yangon,” AP, 13 June 2007; “Bird Flu Resurfaces in the Region,” Irrawaddy, July 2007; “Myanmar Reports Fresh Outbreak of Bird Flu,” AFP, 14 June 2007; “Bird Flu Strikes Again In Myanmar – FAO,” Reuters, 1 August 2007; “New Bird Flu Outbreak in Southern Burma,” Irrawaddy, 30 July 2007; “More Bird Flu Found In Burma,” DVB, 30 July 2007; “Hundreds of Chicken and Duck Die in Mudon Township,” IMNA, 2 August 2007; “Fresh Bird Flu Outbreak in Burma,” Irrawaddy, 2 January 2007; “Myanmar Reports Bird Flu Outbreak at Chicken Farm in Northeast,” AP, 26 November 2007 “Myanmar Reports Bird Flu Outbreak in Chickens near Myanmar,” Jakarta Post, 31 December 2007.

99. Source: “Myanmar (Burma) Confirms Bird Flu Outbreak In Five Townships,” Thai Press Reports, 29 March 2007.

100. Source: “No Human Cases Detected With H5N1 in Myanmar,” Xinhua, 6 March 2007.

101. Source: “UN Agency Says Burma Needs Help To Fight Bird Flu,” VOA, 15 March 2007.

102. Source: “Fresh Outbreak of Bird Flu Contained In Burma: FAO,” Mizzima News, 15 June 2007.

103. Source: “Myanmar calls on public to continue biosecurity measures against fresh H5N1 virus,” Xinhua, 15 June 2007.

104. Source: “U.S. Helps Myanmar in Bird Flu Fight,” AP, 12 March 2007.

105. Source: “Myanmar Wins Rare Praise for Bird Flu Action,” AFP, 19 April 2007.

106. Source: “Authorities Conceal Bird Flu Detection in Shan State,” Mizzima News, 29 November 2007.

107. Source: “Burma Bulletin: April 2007,”Altsean Burma, April 2007.

108. Source: “UN Agency Says Burma Needs Help To Fight Bird Flu,” VOA, 15 March 2007.

109. Sources: “Fresh Bird Flu Outbreak Hits Rangoon,” Irrawaddy, 1 March 2007; “No Let Up In Chicken Consumption Despite Bird Flu,” IMNA, 16 March 2007; “H5N1 Virus in Chicken Breeding Yards in Mon State,” IMNA, 30 July 2007.

110. Source: “Burma Bulletin: June 2007,” Altsean Burma, June 2007.

111. Source: “Junta Bans News of Bird Flu Outbreak,” Irrawaddy, 29 October 2007.

112. Sources: “Bird Flu Forces Chicken Prices Down,” Irrawaddy, 6 March 2007; “Burma, Thai Authorities Ban Border Poultry Trade,” DVB, 6 March 2007.

113. Source: “Chicken on Sale Secretly Despite Bird Flu Virus in Mon State,” IMNA, 3 August 2007.

114. Sources: “Authorities Conceal Bird Flu Detection in Shan State,” Mizzima News, 29 November 2007; “Small Farmers Hurt By Bird Flu Measures,” DVB, 30 November 2007.

115. Source: “New Bird Flu Outbreak in Rangoon Caused By Not Clearing Up Properly – Vet,” DVB, 3 April 2007.

116. Source: “Commission Allocates 15.5 Million In Humanitarian Aid To Vulnerable Groups In Myanmar/Burma And Burmese Refugees,” Thai Press Reports, 19 January 2007.

117. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

118. Source: “UNDP Digs Wells for Villager in Maungdaw,” Kaladan, 6 August 2007.

119. Source: “Diarrhea Spreads in Northern Arakan, Four Die,” Kaladan News, 10 November 2007.

120. Source: “Typhoid and Jaundice Kills Patient,” Kaladan News, 22 April 2007.

121. Source: “UNDP Digs Wells for Villager in Maungdaw,” Kaladan News, 6 August 2007.

122. Source: “Rabies Break out in Karenni’s Dimoso Township,” KSWDC, 13 April 2007.

123. Source: “2.5 Million Children Vaccinated against Polio in Myanmar,” Xinhua, 9 July 2007; “Polio Outbreak Hits Burma,” DVB, 11 May 2007.

124. Source: “Bangladesh Border on Red Alert Following Polio Case in Maungdaw,” Kaladan News, 28 April 2007.

125. Source: “Polio Virus Infects 7 Children in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 11 May 2007.

126. Source: “Burma Battling to Contain Polio Outbreak,” AP, 25 May 2007.

127. Source: “Polio Infected Children Travel to Bangladesh for Treatment,” Narinjara News, 18 May 2007.

128. Source: “Polio Vaccine Introduced In Northern Arakan,” Kaladan News, 5 November 2007.

129. Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008; Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, UNDP, 2007.

130. Source: “Rangoon Rains Create Hygiene, Sanitation Worries,” Irrawaddy, 10 May 2007.

131. Source: “Rangoon Floods Aftermaths,” DVB, 7 May 2007.

132. Source: “Western Command Commander Distributes Relief in Arakan,” Kaladan News,12 August 2007.

133. Source: “People Face Rice Shortage in Northern Arakan,” Narinjara News, 10 July 2007.

134. Source: “Rangoon Tornado Victims Still Lack Basic Necessities,” Irrawaddy, 3 July 2007.

135. Source: “Thousands Rendered Homeless by Floods in Rangoon,” Mizzima News, 9 July 2007.

136. Source: “Flooding Causes Deaths in Rangoon,” DVB, 9 July 2007.

137. Source: “Rangoon Residents Blame YCDC for Flooding,” DVB, 10 July 2007.

138. Source: “UN sends relief to flood-stricken Burmese region,” VOA, 11 July 2007.

139. Source: “Heavy Rainfall Brings Suffering to People of Arakan,” Narinjara News, 8 July 2007.

140. Source: “No Relief for Flood Victims in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 18 July 2007.

141. Sources: “Emergency Supplies Reach Burma’s Flood Victims,” Irrawaddy, 13 July 2007; “No Relief for Flood Victims in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 18 July 2007.

142. Source: Development by Decree: The politics of poverty and control in Karen State, KHRG, April 2007.

143. Source: “Burma’s Humanitarian Crisis Needs More Asian Support,” Irrawaddy, January 2007.

144. Sources: “Echoes of Tiananmen Square,” Washington Post, 30 September 2007; “Japan cuts aid to Burma in protest at military crackdown,” The Guardian, 17 October 2007.

145. Source: “Drug-Ravaged Province to Open 22 New Methadone Clinics in Southwest China,” Xinhua, 11 January 2007.

146. Source: “Burmese Refugees Facing Funding Cuts,” Kaowao News, 8 December 2007.

147. Source: “Bush Announces Tighter Sanctions on Burma,” Irrawaddy, 26 September 2007.

148. Source: “Burma Receives Least UK Aid: Report,” Mizzima News, 25 July 2007.

149. Sources: “DFID Defies Mps on Burma Aid – No Support for Democracy or Cross-Border Aid,” BCUK, 23 October 2007; “Burma Campaign UK Welcomes DFID’s Decision to Double Aid to Burma,” BCUK, 1 November 2007.

150. Source: “EU to Provide More Humanitarian Aid to Myanmar,” Xinhua, 2 January 2007.

151. Source: “Asean Adopts Burma ‘Humanitarian Crisis’,” DPA, 16 January 2007.

152. Source: “Fund Project to Start To Help Myanmar Fight Three Diseases,” Xinhua, 23 March 2007.

153. Source: “Fund Project to Start To Help Myanmar Fight Three Diseases,” Xinhua, 23 March 2007.

154. Source: “3-D Fund Offers Myanmar 5 mln USD for Fighting Diseases Next Year,” Xinhua, 3 December 2007.

155. Source: “Burma Receives Part Of UN Emergency Fund,” DVB, 8 February 2007.

156. Source: “Japan's Aid Cuts Won’t Trouble Burma’s Junta,” Irrawaddy, 10 October 2007.

157. Source: “Japan Slashes Aid to Myanmar over Crackdown,” AFP, 16 October 2007.

158. Sources: “Japan to Give Over $1 Million to Cash-Strapped WFP Burma Project,” Mizzima News, 29 August 2007; “Japan to Help Myanmar Fight Malaria,” Xinhua, 26 February 2007.

159. Source: “UNFPA’s Dan Baker to Temporarily Replace Petrie,” Irrawaddy, 6 December 2007.

160. Source: International Organizations: Assistance Programs Constrained in Burma, US Government Accountability Office, April 2007.

161. Source: “Red Cross Alert: An Extraordinary Condemnation of Burma’s Rogue Regime,” Washington Post, 3 July 2007.

162. Source: “Burmese Authorities Reject ICRC Criticism,” DVB, 4 July 2007.

163. Sources: “International Red Cross Closing Two Field Offices in Myanmar,” DPA, 28 March 2007; “Role of ICRC in protection of civilian population in Burma,” The Mon Forum, IMNA, 28 February 2007.

164. Source: “Burma Bulletin: July 2007,” Altsean Burma, July 2007.

165. Source: “ICRC Appeals to Regime for Access to Detainees,” Irrawaddy, 2 November 2007.

166. Source: “Angry Junta Protest Raises Tension with UN,” Irrawaddy, 1 November 2007.