KAOWAO NEWS No. 88

An electronic newsletter for social justice and freedom in Burma

April 22 - May 10, 2005


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READERS’ FRONT

SPDC URGED TO FORM GENUINE UNION

4th ETHNIC NATIONALITIES’ CONFERENCE

MON POP MUSIC SHOWCASED BY BURMESE

Migrants detained in border town

REFUGEE ROAD SHUT DOWN

MONS HONOUR STUDENT FOR EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

CANADIAN MON EXTEND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

IT IS NOT THAT SIMPLE: BO KYAW NYEIN

WHEN THE CIVILIZED MEET THE UNCIVILIZED   

ON SHAN DELARATION   
   

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READERS’ FRONT

 

Dear Readers,

 

We invite comments and suggestions on improvements to Kaowao newsletter. With your help, we hope that Kaowao News will continue to grow to serve better the needs of those seeking social justice in Burma. And we hope that it will become an important forum for discussion and debate and help readers to keep abreast of issues and news.  We reserve the right to edit and reject articles without prior notification. You can use a pseudonym but we encourage you to include your full name and address.

 

Regards,

Editor

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“The Junta's Mentality and the APC Weapons” by Kambawza Win

 

I salute Kambawza Win for the following article (The Junta's Mentality and the APC Weapons) he has written.

 

Regards,

Seng Suk

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Thank you for this comprehensive review of the junta's past record of chemical warfare.  Yes, I do remember reading the different incidents and it is good to have them all together in one article -plus- additional info on the German supply source.


Your article will be a good counter-weapon. In Conventional Warfare, if, e.g. the enemy has mustard gas, then the friendly forces have to have mustard gas. If they have nerve gas, then, we have to have nerve gas also. That is the M.A.D. (mutually assured destruction) philosophy that typified the Cold War throughout the last 50 years.  The rationale was that by possessing the very weapon the enemy has, this would provide a deterrent.


However, in Our War, it is a very Unconventional Warfare, more so since we are on a poor man's budget.  We do not possess any chemical weapons --- nor do we have any standing army --at this present time.  So the only way to deter the enemy from using Chemical weapons, or, as you termed it, APC for Atomic, Pathological, Chemical weapons, ---the only way to deter the enemy is by Public Media. (Since we do not resort to terrorist bombings)


Your article is one such counter-weapon.  Suggestion: you could warn the Thais that their beloved King Bhumibol Dam is directly east of Karen/Karenni and that any APC poison could would-- given the prevailing monsoons winds – contaminate their water reservoir which I believe, supplies Bangkok.  Hopefully, this might contribute towards sobering their (butt&) baht-crazy mentality. Thaksin is as blind as a baht, millions of bahts, when it comes to trade with SPDC.  The economic trade from Thailand is a major support for SPDC, along with Chinese.  


Thank you again, and keep up your Good Work by producing more counter-weapons.


Comrade Day

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58th Mon National Day in the Netherlands

 

It is true MP Nai Thaung Shein didn’t participate at the 58th Mon National Day in Netherlands.  We were very sorry about that. We had written an agenda that he would take the chair of the event with an opening speech. But before we started the event about 4 hours I called him and he said that he didn’t want to participate the celebration because of the Mon national flag being placed in the ceremony. (If you want to know more you can ask him, why he doesn’t like this Mon national flag).  Hence, we had to draw a new agenda and invited other nationalities to take the chair of the event. The chairs of our celebration this year were Arakan representative Burma representative and Mon representative Nai Nanda Hongsa

 

It was great that our Mon National Day was attended by different ethnic nationalities. And I believe that it is a new dawn for building peace and national reconciliation in Burma. I want to celebrate MND in the modern way. It is an auspicious celebration to join hands each other to rebuild our motherland with peace and harmony.

 

Htaw B. Monzel,

General Secretary of Euro-Mon Community

 

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Thanks a lot for keeping update inside news to us.  Freedom, social justice and democracy are essential ingredients for Burma these days.


With best wishes,

MKS (Canada)

 

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Politics

SPDC URGED TO FORM GENUINE UNION

(Kaowao, May 9, 2005)

 

Ethnic leaders have urged the SPDC for more dialogue to avoid secession and political crisis in Burma.

 

The ethnic nationalities who gathered at the ENC meeting held from April 28 to May 1 agreed that a tripartite dialogue, supported by the UN General Assembly resolution in 1994, is essential to solve the political crisis in Burma.

 

A senior member of Mon Unity League (MUL) who attended the ENC meeting at the border said even though the burning issue on Shan Independence Declaration was at the top of the agenda, there was no clear consensus on it.  Some participants including Shan leader, Harn Yawnghwe himself did not support the declaration.  A Mon politician told Kaowao that the meeting focused more on how to match humanitarian aid to the general population to improve the standard of living and how to garner international support to shed light on the SPDC’s unrelenting pressure against the cease-fire groups in general.

 

Inside Burma, Mon national leader Nai Tun Thein urged the SPDC to form a genuine Federal Union of Burma and, if not, other ethnic nationalities may follow suit in declaring independence like the Shan.  The Chairman of Mon National Democratic Front or MNDF said that if the SPDC continues to pressure the ethnic nationalities, it will face the consequence of all ethnic nationalities declaring independence because their needs as a people are not met.

 

The Mon prominent leader and leading members of United Nationalities Alliance (UNA) and Committee for Representing Peoples Parliament, Nai Tun Thein pointed out that many ethnic ceasefire groups, non-ceasefire groups and National League for Democracy (NLD) demonstrated their collective and political will to live in a genuine federated Burma.  Since the majority agreed upon on this issue, the SPDC should discuss these challenges and move to implement the steps in forming a Federal Union of Burma.

 

“If the Burmese regime fails to meet these challenges, many will wish to follow the Shan’s move by declaring independence,” said the 88 year old politician.” 

 

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4th ETHNIC NATIONALITIES’ CONFERENCE

(ENC: May 2, 2005)

 

The 4th Ethnic Nationalities’ Conference was held from 28 April to 1 May 2005, at a location on the Thai-Burmese border.

 

Sixty-two delegates from the political organizations and invited youth and women delegates participated in the Conference.

 

The Conference agreed to reconstitute the Ethnic Nationalities Council and base its representation along States lines. Given the current political situation, the Conference also decided to include representatives from the National Democratic Front and the United Nationalities League for Democracy (Liberated Area) in the Council.

 

The Conference reaffirmed that the best way to resolve the current political crisis in the Union of Burma is through a political solution - a face to face dialogue. The Conference also reaffirmed that the 'Tripartite Dialogue' as called for by United Nations General Assembly in 1994, is the solution.

 

The Conference established that while the ethnic nationalities have seriously called for and prepared for a tripartite dialogue, the SPDC military regime has absolutely refused to enter into a dialogue. Instead of engaging in a political dialogue with the ceasefire groups who were fully prepared to negotiate, the SPDC using its military might is subjugating them and making them surrender their arms. The SPDC is also increasingly causing conflict between different ethnic nationalities.

 

The Ethnic Nationalities Council will continue to work towards a Tripartite Dialogue as called for by the United Nations General Assembly and to work towards establishing a genuine federal Union of Burma. The ethnic nationalities will also together continue to resist the SPDC regime's use of its armed might and violence to pressure the ethnic nationalities into submission.

 

The Conference calls for the release of democracy leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Hkun Htun Oo who is one of the ethnic nationalities leaders, and all political prisoners who have been unjustly detained.

 

In order to resolve the political, economic and social crises that the people of the Union of Burma, including the family of military personnel, are facing and to also gain international acceptance, the Conference once again calls on the SPDC to accept that the solution is a tripartite dialogue and to as soon as possible initiate national reconciliation through a dialogue. 

 

A staff member of the National Reconciliation Programme attended the Conference as an Observer, and the Director of the Euro-Burma Office participated as an Advisor to the Ethnic Nationalities Council

 

The Ethnic Nationalities Council was established in January 2004 by the 3rd Ethnic Nationalities Seminar. The Council's mandate is to try to bring about a 'Tripartite Dialogue'- the military, democracy advocates, and the ethnic nationalities - to resolve Burma's problems.

 

The Ethnic Nationalities Council was formed to represent the interests of the ethnic nationalities who make up 40% of the population (20 million) of the Union of Burma and whose homelands make up 60% of the territory.

 

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Culture

 

MON POP MUSIC SHOWCASED BY BURMESE

(Independent Mon News Agency: May 5, 2005)

 

Mon music performed by rock band, Anat Ghae, has attracted fellow Burmese musicians who are eager to add some diversity to their collection of songs. The newer style of Mon music is being reproduced by music producers in Burma for the enjoyment of the Burmese community.

 

The Mon celebrity, Pamaukha Chan said some Burmese song producers recently bought two Mon songs to be reproduced for the Burmese consumer community who enjoy the new funky rhythm. 

 

The two Mon songs: “Let Me Love” (Kor-Akhong Charn-Nyeeh) and “Help Me, Buddy” (Roi Torh Roam) by “Anat Ghae” in CDs and cassette tapes are very popular, even among some of the Burmese. The first one was written by Wunna Thukha and composed by “Thaya (Eco)”: the second was written by Blai Mon Lawi Rot and composed by Pamaukha Chan.  

 

“I’m so glad the Burmese artists bought our songs. This is the best thing that has happened and the first time that our songs have the opportunity to be listened to by the whole country.  I’m glad people value our work and I am waiting to see how the music will be performed by them”, said Pamaukha Chan, the leader of Mon Musician Association. 

 

While the Mon composers were planning to produce their own songs, the Burmese artists also bought their music notes.  A Burmese song-writer Min Thu Ya wrote both songs and translated them into Burmese to be released in the government’s “Myawaddy” television program, said a Burmese artist. 

 

The Burmese musicians, drummer U Saw Phu and Min Thu Ya paid 80,000 Kyat (80 US Dollar) per song.  Min Thu Ya told Pamaukchan that the lyrics of Mon songs are well versed and flow harmonically; they will blend in well within the whole entertainment industry of Burma

 

Min Thu Ya is a well-known song writer and works for the Myanmar Television Channel (MRTV-4).  

 

It was reported two Shan singers who sing the Burmese songs: “Wun Daing” and “Kyaw Han” also asked the Mon composers to sell their Mon songs to them. 

 

The original singer, “Anat Ghae” said he liked these two songs the most from his whole series of songs in CDs and tapes.

 

There are over 20 professional singers in the Mon community who, together with other artists, musicians, singers, song writers and composers formed a music association in 2001. Since then the music industry in the Mon community has grown more active and Pamaukha Chan credits the association for the growing popularity of Mon songs which has enabled the singers to reach a professional level through networking with other artists in the entertainment industry. 

 

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Migrant Watch


Migrants detained in
border town

(Taramon/ Gore Lavi, May 7, 2005)

 

About seven hundred migrants have been detained last week in Ranong, southern Thailand, a Mon woman told Kaowao today.

 

“We concerned that the Thai police are going to crack down and we dare not let the migrants stay in our houses,” said the woman.

 

As there are too many migrants to put in jail, they are detained in the Township Sport Center.  The traffickers were unable to bribe the Township authority for the release of migrant workers, reported the source.

 

“It’s not possible to bribe the Thai police to release our people (migrants) this time,” a Mon worker said under condition of anonymity.

 

He said that about one thousand migrants were arrested.  The migrants are from Mon state, most are Mon. They traveled to Kaw Thaung, southern tip of Burma opposite the port city of Ranong by express boat or special ship. “Nobody is allowed to meet the detainees,” said the woman. “We heard that they may be deported back to their native township.

 

Along the Three Pagodas Pass border, several hundreds of migrants are waiting to enter into Thailand.

 

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REFUGEE ROAD SHUT DOWN

(Kaowao, May 7, 2005)

 

The road from Halockhanee and Ban Tong Yang refugee camps to Sangkhlaburi has been closed by the Thai authorities after a dispute between some refugees living there.

 

The reason for the closure was a dispute between some refugees from the two camps that started a week ago. A NMSP teacher who lives in the Mon refugee camp said that two Burmese nationals who visit the Mon refugee camp accused NMSP soldiers of looting while drinking and then beat them afterwards.

 

Local sources reported that all cars were prohibited from crossing over the border into Sangkhlaburi; however travelers paid bribes to authorities to visit the border town.  “Each passenger pays the driver 1500 Baht who then hands over the cash to Thai authorities at checkpoints along the road,” Lawi Weng, a Mon journalist said. The normal price was 1000 Baht.

 

The road is the only means of communication between camp residents and family members outside of the camp.  The closed off road has affected Mon refugees located on the Burmese side and the Tong Yang camp refugees who regularly visit the border town. 

 

Nai Roy Jit, a refugee from the new camp said that there is not enough food, water and no electricity, plus the people live with little security and have no reliable access to information outside of the camp. It has been about one week since Thai authorities banned the motor road.

 

Nai Jondae whose wife lives in the camp said that he is worried about his two sick babies who were not receiving any medical treatment in the camp and who had to risk his life to bring back medicine for them from outside the camp two months ago.

 

The Thai government relocated Burmese refugees in urban areas who hold Persons of Concern (POC) status to refugee camps along the Thai Burma border on March 31, 2005. More than 830 Burmese POCs have relocated to the camps while waiting to leave for third countries.

 

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Overseas Mon


MONS HONOUR STUDENT FOR EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

(Kaowao, May 8, 2005)

 

The Mon community in Fort Wayne, Indiana, hosted a celebration in honor of Dr. Mi Jarai Mon for her personal achievement in completing her Ph. D in Agriculture.

 

The MRC reported that over 200 Mons including those who live in Washington, California, and Ohio States traveled to the one of the largest overseas Mon community to join in the celebration with members of the Monland Restoration Council and Mon Women Organization.  The two organizations jointly hosted the ceremony and the Chairman of MRC, Nai Pon Nya Mon and other community leaders delivered messages to the crowd encouraging the younger Mon generation to keep up with their studies and pursue post secondary education.

 

“I could not have achieved this alone.  Many of you helped me one-way or another. In particular, I have gained strength and motivation from the Mon people in Burma.  When I was in Burma, I would hear people say: "The Mons are not well educated".  It was hard for me to convince them otherwise.  As you know, in Burma, we have very few Mon doctorates. Universities in Burma have not offered Ph.D. degrees until just the last few years.  We usually have to be selected as a “government scholar” to be able to go abroad and study for our doctoral degree.  I have always believed that no matter who we are - Mon, Burman, Chin, or Shan - anyone of us can achieve great things if we are given the opportunity to do so.  I hope my achievement in my education would help prove that this is indeed the case,” said Mi Jarai.

 

Presently, Mi Jarai Mon serves as the Chairwoman for the Mon Women Organization (USA).  In her local community and at university in Burma, she was an active member of Mon Literature and Culture Association. She was thrilled to receive letters of congratulation from overseas Mons.

 

Fort Wayne, being the largest overseas Mon community has built Mon Buddhist temples for the Mons who practice Theravada Buddhism and established head offices of MRC and MWO for community works.  Over 500 Mons are now United States citizens living in the USA; mostly in Fort Wayne.

 

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CANADIAN MON EXTEND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

(Kaowao: May 8, 2005)

 

Calgary – The Mon Community in Calgary, Canada held a "New Year’s Opening Meeting" on April 23 in Calgary.


The gathering was organized by the Mon Cultural Society of Alberta.  Mon families, with children in tow, brought tons of food and donations for the monks, poured water on the Buddha Image, with Buddhist monks and elders overseeing the affair.  New Year messages were delivered by a Mon monk, Rev. Ao Bhae Sa and fellow community leaders Nai Khaing Waeng, Nai Sumana and Nai Cham Toik spoke about community activities and future get together. 

 

The MCS also formed its sub-committees for Culture and Literature, Finance, Auditing, External Affairs and Information to assist the works of the existing EC committees.

 

The Mon community in Calgary is the most active group in Canada. Several of the Mon recently migrated to Calgary, Alberta over the past 5 years.  Alberta is an oil rich province that offers good employment opportunities and low taxes, and properties are affordable for a family just starting out. The Mons in Canada first founded the Mon organization in 1995 in Toronto during a Christmas holiday season. 

 

The Mon community in Calgary also organize Mon national day, fund raising event for the Mon Buddhist Temple for the Mon community and Canadian citizens.  The aims of the MCS are to promote and preserve Mon culture, literature, and to assist their people in the homeland and in exile in resettlement.

 

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 Commentary

 
IT IS NOT THAT SIMPLE

(By Bo Kyaw Nyein)

 

Even in today's world where globalization is the popular term, many countries, if not all, are facing internal issues, which must be handled with great care and sensitivity. Race related issues in United States, Catholic / Protestant split in United Kingdom, Muslim minority issues in Kosovo, Israel/Palestinian in the Middle East region, Aborigines in Australia, you name it, there are several burning issues in nearly every part of the continents of the world that can easily arouse raw emotions. If these issues are not confronted and resolved with care and sensitivity, they will continue to keep their societies fragmented and unable to successfully address common issues of oppression and poverty. Burma is no exception.

 

Many Burmese, like many white Americans, are uncomfortable to discuss or express their opinion when it comes to Ethnic (race) issues because it is the sensitive matter in the first place and because no one likes to be seen as a bigot. So while the silent majority is shy to express their views, only the bold and the restless who are determined to make the name and purposely exploiting the sensitive issues raise their voices. Some may even try to heighten the rhetoric to attract attention. So many times, extremists from both sides grab the microphone and sadly, only the voices of extreme are heard and thus further push the moderate and logical voices away from the scene and epicenter. In my humble opinion, that is the case in Burma also.

 

Like many citizens of Burma, I came from a mixed blood where my maternal grand father was a pure blooded Mon, who took great pride in his heritage and spoke Mon at home (he lived with us) and who was also a Mon activist during his time. My father was a Burman (Bama) from Upper Burma. Being a Bama, we never really understood the actual meaning of discrimination and what it is like to be a minority in Burma. Like many innocent Burmese who were forced to leave their motherland because of the Military Dictatorship, I was forced to leave my country for my safety after I had spent nearly five years at infamous Insein jail and arrived on the foreign shores as an immigrant in the Western world. Naturally, I came face to face with discrimination and quickly learned the actual meaning of being a minority in the west. Like myself, many of the Burmese who were forced to leave their country and arrived on the shores of the Western world who had to struggle and overcome the life as an immigrant and succeed in the foreign culture, clearly understand the meaning of 'minority' and 'discrimination'. And in our hearts we truly have a sincere desire to solve the complex ethnic issues facing our people, in a fair manner as humanly as possible.

 

I was one time confronted by some of my fellow Burmese comrades who are sympathetic to Ethnic issues for not speaking out strongly or for not raising the issues. The problem that many of my fellow Burmese are facing is that we realize clearly that Ethnic issues are not the only issue facing our nation and the people, and 'political solution' must be solve in order to tackle the 'constitution solution ' in order to resolve complex Ethnic issues. The root cause of many of our problems in our country Burma, at present time, is the failure of the Burmese to remove Military Dictatorship. Without finding a solution for the replacement of this dreaded and harmful system of military domination in our country, we cannot find an avenue that will lead us to a just resolution of our complex Ethnic issues. Without finding a fair solution for all residents of our country, it is very hard to find stability that is much needed for the prosperity for all the people of all Ethnic backgrounds. And of course, it is very easy to bring out the raw emotions and to be misunderstood and misquoted during the discussion of sensitive issues such as Ethic (race) problems.

 

Like many countries in our global village that we know as planet Earth, Ethnic issues are very complex and it is the legacy of our history and human evolution. Because there are over 135 different Ethnic groups and subgroups in Burma, we face a very complex and difficult problem.  Some may want to downplay the legacy and consequences we face today because of the 'divide & rule' policy practiced by successive British Colonial administrations in Burma, but it was, in fact, significant. After years of suspicion, hatred and significant bias and suppression against the Bama(s) (during the Colonial rule), it is hard and it will take time for the wounds to heal and to build mutual understanding again. Moreover, the racist policies of post-independence regimes against the ethnic minorities found widespread support among our Burman population even after it became evident that the government was committing equally violent acts against the majority Burmans.

 

We Burmese must also accept the fact that Burma Army is still committing serious abuses and atrocities against our ethnic minorities. Although Burman or Bama(s) dominates the Burma army top officials, it is also a fact that the Burma Army seeks to maintain its dominance over the population and it shows no preference when it come to protecting its power and killing or destroying its enemies. It has proven again and again that it will shoot its own unarmed and innocent people. Incidents in 1962, 1969, 1974, 1975, and 1988 are clear examples that Burma Army did and does shoot its own people without any discrimination based upon ethnicity. 

 

Adding insult to injury, Burma Army is not shy to exploit disharmony and suspicion among Ethnic groups in Burma. After the atrocities committed in response to political unrest in 1974, 1975 and 1988 the Army propaganda machines spread rumors that it was Chin soldiers who shot the Bama innocent civilians and many Burmese, with extreme and narrow nationalistic views, along with some who were simply uninformed readily bought this lie.

 

The Burma army ruthlessly crush the Ethnic villages they deem supportive of Ethnic armed groups in accordance with their '4 cuts' strategy. Many innocent Ethnic villagers and citizens views these heinous atrocities as abuses committed by the Bama(s) as a whole, rather than the true fact that it was committed specifically by Burma army. Since the majority Burmans have not expressed sustained outrage against these atrocities, such views are not surprising. Adding fuel to this misunderstanding is the exploitation by some Ethnic leaders who have intentionally ignored the fact that under the military dictatorship, the Burmans have no more influence over the actions of the Burma Army than do the ethnic groups who are the victims of these daily atrocities.

 
In the midst of this mishaps and misunderstanding it is very hard for logical and practical voices to be heard. It is very easy to provoke and manipulate raw emotions when it comes to Nationalism, and human history had proven again and again that undesirable events and consequences could follow if we are not careful. Hitler and Japanese fascists clearly exploited German and Japanese nationalism and how, recently, Slobodan Milosevic exploited Serb Nationalism and look at where Balkanization took his country and him.

 

Early human evolution started with Nations (a people with common language and culture) evolving into nation-states with defined boundaries. Now we appear to be moving towards forming regional supra groups like EU and ASEAN and experimenting with the concept of countries without boundaries. And yet we (Burmese) are talking about secession and independence and we are busy fighting and killing each other while our neighbors are building national wealth and development and aiming to become a new Super Power (ie China) and countries like Thailand, are fast becoming regional leaders and achieving 1st world status of developed nations. We all should be ashamed that while the other countries in our region are moving forward, we are moving backward towards self-destruction and annihilation.

 

It is very sad that even with their education and an experience in growing up in the Western world, some of the so-called and self-appointed Ethnic leaders still long for Colonial rule. While it can be debated that some of us benefited far more from colonial rule than we now do under dictatorial rule of incompetent and corrupt generals, we must never forget that a master-slave relationship can never be acceptable-whether that master is British or Burman. And when the British concluded they could no longer govern without the support of the Burmese people themselves, colonial rule ended. When the generals in Rangoon reach the same conclusion, this tyranny will also end.

 

It is very easy to say that every people of every race have the rights for self-determination. But it is a very different matter when it comes to reality. For example, the Shan are not the only people in the Shan State. There are Pa-Laung, Pa-O, and Wa and many other minorities (33 ethic groups) within the Shan State. What about their rights? Some of them may feel that they are treated as second class or third class citizens. Shall they declare Independence from the Shan(s)? Are we going back to the City States? Shall we expect to be called Independent States of Taung-gyi and Lashio? Even among the Chins there are Lushei (Lushay) who are complaining of their mistreatment and non-acceptance from other Chins. The fact is that many minority sub-groups within minority groups have their grievances, anger, conflicts and that is why Ethnic problems in Burma are very complicated and require extra care and sensitivity.

 

If Ethnic problems were easy to solve, the Palestinian/Israeli conflict would not have lasted this long and been so destructive. Everyone understands and acknowledge the rights of both the Palestinians and the Israelis. But realizing these rights in a fair manner is another issue. There are many extremists who want to kick the Jews out to the sea and of those who want to enslave the Arabs and spread their territories endlessly as their rights mentioned (with self interpretation) in their own religious texts. Some Palestinians became suicide bombers, sacrificing their lives in the name of their people. But it is clear that extremism does not and cannot bring lasting peace. Only practical applications based on logical analysis of the issues can find the peaceful and long-term solution.

 

There are definitely practical voices in the Ethic leadership community. Even among the brothers, Dr. Chao Tzang Yawnghwe (Eugene Thieke), who is also the scholar and thinker and whose approaches are far more logical than his extremist eldest brother. Dr Choa Tzang Yawnghwe who had taken part in armed struggle and thus understood the difficulties and reality on the ground and combining his academic credentials was able to see more clearly than many dreamers who are simply staging 'Statement Politics' where their achievement is nothing more than announcing and declaring statements. Because of his logical approach and more realistic and moderate views, even though many may not agree with him on several issues, many Bama leaders and politicians had great respect for him. It is my sincere hope that the younger generation of Ethnic intellectuals who have aspirations to become leaders one day will follow Dr. Chao Tzang Yawnghwe's thinking, rather than narrow Nationalistic views of misguides extremists.

 

Credible Leadership

 

Whenever we raise the issues of Ethnic problems of Burma, there is a big question about who has the legitimate right and responsibility to decide on issues that are so complex and so important for the future of our country and her people.

 

From my prospective, NLD led by Daw Suu were the leaders elected by the people during 1990 election. There are Khun Htun Oo and SNLD leaders also elected by the people. So without the participation of these elected leaders, any discussions on a National Constitution are not legitimate. Other so called technicians and Constitution experts can offer their advice and publish their thinking and findings, but the final decisions for forming a fair Constitution will not be legitimate without the participation of these elected leaders.

 

Some people like to blame "shortcomings" of the Panlong agreement for our lack of unity (rather a failure by the government to meet its obligations under it), but if we examine the process carefully, the Panlong agreement did not happen because of one single event. Bogyoke Aung San continuously demonstrated his leadership starting with the 1936 Student strike and after years of struggle and successfully forming the leading alliance known as AFPFL, Bogoyke Aung San gained acceptance as the undeniable leader of the country and AFPFL. AFPFL was not an organization formed only by the Bama; people from all walks of life and many leaders from minority Ethnic backgrounds participated with the single goal of Independence for the country. Only when U Aung San had established his and AFPFL Leadership position, he negotiated with the British for the Independence of the country. And it was the supreme EC who chose the representatives for AFPFL. Similarly, following his father footsteps and knowing the importance of legitimacy and credibility of leadership, Daw Suu had demonstrated her will and determination and it is the fact today that not only the Burmese but the whole world has recognized and accepted her leadership for the country. So in my view, it is only appropriate both for the military government leaders and Ethnic leaders to discuss the future of our country with the full and active participation of Daw Suu and NLD leaders (along with SNLD leaders).

 

Today, George Washington is hailed as the founding father of the United States of America. During his time there were many conspiracies within the Continental Congress to replace General George Washington. The American Constitution was not written by a single person but was a collective work of several talented and unique minds and it took more than seven years to complete. America was extremely fortunate to have brilliant minds like Alexandria Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and George Mason among others to contribute to create such a unique and valuable constitution. If one reads the Federalist Papers and other historical documents on American Constitution one can easily see the torturous efforts and debates these founding fathers had to experience in their writing of the American constitution. One of key aspects of the American constitution that attracts me most is the rights of the States and Federal (Central) Government and the creation of the Senate to protect the rights of the smaller states in addition to a clear separation of power. It would be wise to consider these time-tested accomplishments if and when we consider our free and Fair Constitution for Burma.

 

If we look at the current situation in Burma, even though they are experiencing difficult times with internal unity, SPDC is still strong and they are getting stronger financially every year to withstand Western led sanctions with the finding of Natural Gas in the energy thirsty global environment. They have played well with their strategy of 'Time & Space' of closing the political space of Daw Suu (and NLD) and stretching the time and rule of military government longer. While many of the self-appointed Ethnic leaders are fighting hard for their right to be heard, they are totally separated from other entities such as NCGUB, NCUB, MPU in their efforts to replace the SPDC. In the opposition camp, we are not only separated by ideologies such as Communism, Democratic Socialism, Capitalism, we are separated along Ethnic lines as well. These are mostly non-violent oriented groups, but there are also many armed resistance groups.

 

If all these groups are going to continue to wage their separate wars in separate ways against the well established entity (SPDC), backed by its 500,000 strong army and the natural resources of our country, we will never win. If, after wandering in the political wilderness for more than half a century, we still cannot figure out how to form a unity to fight one common enemy, it is our fault. If we truly love our country and our people, we should join hands and find a realistic political solution for our country. Please let me say it from the bottom of my sincere heart that there are many Burmese of Bama origin who truly want a fair and free constitution for our country. I am confident that the silent majority understands the suffering of our Ethnic brothers and sisters, because we too are now suffering like you. We all are in the same boat. Let's join hands and find the common and fair political solution by showing the united force to change the system we all know as 'military dictatorship'. Let us demand that our elected leaders participate in writing the free and fair constitution for our country where even the military will have a proper role in a democratic society, and where the voices of the people in each State will be fairly represented in our government. Let us encourage all capable individuals, technicians, experts, and constitutional scholars to contribute in writing this new Constitution. Let's work together to realize our dreams.

 

There are many Bama extremists who may possess Maha Bama Chauvinistic views, as there are many Ethnic leaders who possess strong anti-Bama feelings. The Burma Ethnic issues are far too complex to be addressed with emotional rhetoric and pointing the finger of blame on specific people. I hope our younger generation will understand that book knowledge is sometimes very different from reality on the ground. I hope we all can avoid the experience of the six blind men touching the big elephant and coming to different conclusions. We need to examine the problem in totality and must explore it from all angles, and we must come together to solve the problem in a fair manner. I just want to say to my young Ethic brothers who aspire to become respected intellects and scholars that: It is not that Simple.

 

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WHEN THE CIVILIZED MEET THE UNCIVILIZED                

 

Kanbawza Win

 

The EU, that had just renewed its sanctions and shunned the Burmese regime because of its gross records of human rights violations and vehement hatred for democracy, has announced it will hold ministerial talks with the Burmese regime at Kyoto. No one can expect any result from their encounter as their brain wave length are not the same? But it is a historic first ever meeting since the Junta came to power killing thousands of people and can be construed as the proper way of civilized international community responding to an uncivilized Burmese regime even though it will be very hard, if not impossible for the uncivilized Burmese Generals to understand the norms of the well mellowed civilized European Union representing some 25 countries.

 

Civilized in the sense that if two persons or groups did not see eye to eye they sit down, negotiate (sometimes banging the table or shouting at each other or calling names) and parted their own ways but did not come to shooting or arresting each other (not to mentioned torturing) as in Burma. Then after discussion, each goes on its own way and does not persecute the other because he dares to disagree with his idea. Even if one committed a crime he is given a fair trail with the right to choose its own lawyers and even if in custody are allowed to see its kit and kin. However this kind of civilized norms is non- existence in a place called Burma (the Generals love to be called by their chauvinist name as Myanmar) the classic example is the arrest of Khun Htun Oo of how he was denied all the civilized norms of the homo sapiens, not to mention the fate of U Tin Oo and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi.

 

The people of Burma by nature are very polite and courteous and would never call a person by name but by a prefix as Uncle, (Oo) or Aunt (Daw) and so on. However the Junta and its advocates being rude or rather uncivilized would call it by name e.g. Aung San instead of Bogyoke Aung San and Suu Kyi instead of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. During half a century of military rule in Burma the erosion of moral capital is so enormous that it has spread even to the Diaspora community indicating the Burma is going backwards in its civilization.

 

In the civilized society even the most powerful person was not above the law e.g. President Nixon was given a fair and open trial in his impeachment. However, in uncivilized Burma as of today is that everybody welcomes the Prime Minister with pomp and ceremony and tomorrow he was carted to jail and tortured including all his near and dear ones. Is this a civilized norm? Will the remaining Generals have enough guts to have a fair and an open trial on Khin Nyunt? No they are afraid that Khin Nyunt will reveal all the bribes, kickbacks and the atrocities committed by the other Generals? The uncivilized people are unable to face the facts in other words they are very much afraid of the truth.

 

If there was an incident like Depayin, as claimed by the regime instigated by the people themselves then why was that up to this day there was not an independent enquiry commission? We don't mean that it must be an international enquiry commission (like the rapes of Shan Ethnic Women where the Burmese army is sore afraid lest their atrocities became public) but an enquiry commission with the Burmese people, for the Burmese by the Burmese even if it is under the heels of the military boots. Is it because of Khin Nyunt? The Military Intelligence knew in advance that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and all her associates including U Tin OO were order to be killed by non other than Than Shwe himself and Khin Nyunt sent his men to rescue the lady thus thwarting the butchery or in other words Than Shwe's plan. Why was this story not revealed? In a country where problems are solved by arms and might depicting the law of jungles can we called it civilized?

 

Now, the uncivilized Burmese team whose motto is lying the very concept of truth, will be meeting a civilized EU group who want to find out nothing but the truth, what will be the outcome? It is already made known that EU has decided to give more than Euro 35 million ($45 million) for Burma humanitarian aid but who can say that how many of them will fall into the hands of the corrupt Generals when it has a track record of siphoning off the humanitarian aid. The attitude that "I am the only pebble on the beach" is still very prominent in the heads of the Burmese Generals. They want to be the monarch of all they survey.

 

How many times has the EU send its Troika Missions and what are the results today? In January 2001, the EU high delegation led by non other than by its prominent Swedish Foreign Ministry Asia Pacific Director went to Rangoon. The following year in March, another mission was followed by its rotating chairman the Spanish Foreign Ministry Asie et Pacifque Director. Six months later another similar trip was promptly follow up by Danish Foreign Ministry's Asia Director but so far nothing substantial has come out of these EU missions. A hypothesis can be drawn that sending professional men to Burma will not bear fruit because it is too uncivilized and Burma is bereft of professional men especially in the field of international relations. Hence EU will be meeting the Generals themselves at the ministerial level.

 

The civilized Europeans can differentiate between the government and people of Burma. Humanitarian Aid is for the latter but the bankrupt regime is looking with hungry eyes hoping to slice off apiece as big as possible. They could scarcely comprehend the word "humanitarian" as they themselves are the ones causing humanitarian disasters. All they want is how to exploit them. In their hearts of hearts they know that once the NGOs really started working for the welfare of the people of the country then the whole country will come to witness the regime's idea, ineffectiveness and will reveal them as parasites with the power eluding from the Generals.. This is the crux of the Burmese Generals' idea. The attitude is that they are unwilling and unable to anything beneficial for the country and people and will not let other people do it either.. If this kind of thinking is not an uncivilized thinking then what kind of people are uncivilized?

 

The law of the jungles prevails where the strong and the mighty prey on the small and the weak, a classic example is how the regime treated its adversaries be it an ethnic or a democracy movement. The end justify the means is their whole philosophy. In the jungles the strongest become prominent e.g. a lion become king. This was reflected in Burma when the Generals take out the photo of its national leader, the architect of modern Burma, Bogyoke Aung San and replaced it with a picture of a mythical lion. So what do you expect more when the civilized meet the uncivilized? But if the civilized EU would be only giving a slight slap on the wrist, which have been the case so far, the uncivilized Burmese will get away easily again and perhaps even regain some legitimate ground, intentionally or unintentionally, denied to it by the international community. However if EU manages to persuade the Junta to let the NGOs do the job then it will go into the Guinness Record Books as the eight wonders of the world.

 

Chaingmai

 

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ON SHAN DELARATION

 

I do understand the reasons of declaration for the Shan States Independence by the Shan leaders. It's because of cruel repression done by the SPDC government. The Shans had suffered very much and there is no way to escape tortures of military government. The declaration is the only way out for them.

 

But I do not understand the announcement of NLD leaders, who sided with the military generals.

The NLD can stay quite in this conflict, as they themselves had shut their mouth about the formation of NCGUB May be the old military leaders who had dominated the NLD headquarters for life. (Exactly the same as generals from the SPDC government) had made secret understanding with the SPDC Generals to work for a permanent military rule in Burma.

 

May be they are afraid. If they are scared they should surrender their chairs to the younger members.

 

U Thaung

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This giant political maneuver by Shan elders can be construed as the direct or indirect ramification of the largely discredited National Convention. The political imbroglio endangering the safeguarding of the Union of Burma has been exacerbated. If done so with a solid determination of reinstating the pre status-quo of 1947 Panglong Agreement, the Shan elders have its logical points to declare independence.

 

Meanwhile, taken the collective struggle and mutual existence of all ethnic nationalities into account, the Shan elders ought to reassess the efficacies while venturing the diverse spectrums of political reconciliation.

 

On the other hand, for the Burmese military junta, this is yet another revelation of political alarm, ticking the clock. Stringent reforms have to be implemented. As demanded, political prisoners should be released; there must be inclusive and extensive talks involving the military regime, the 1990 elected leaders and representatives of ethnic leaders. Unless such significant pursuits – "Give and Take Policy/ Compromise" is made in the political circle, more secessionist campaigns are inevitable.

 

This is my sincere observation and analysis on Burma's political turmoil with specific reference to the declaration of Shan independence.

 

Sincerely,

Papao

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Traveling to the Federal Union by tripartite dialogue was a dream. You may reach where you want to go but only in the dream. You think you are already there but when you wake up, you will see you are still in your bed room.

 

You have to have your state government and State independence first before you build a Federal Union. If you don't have your self-independence, you can't create your own destiny but you try to build a Federal Union, I am sure that it won't happen equal and justice Federal Union.

 

The NLD should not oppose the independence of Ethnic Nationalities if they recognized that all other Ethnic Nationalities didn't have their freedom and equal rights since 1948 until now.

 

I totally support not only on the Shan Declaration Independence but also other Majority Ethnic Nationalities' independence.

 

Saw Pyi

_______________________________________

 

 

Their announcement, I don't know whether it's real or just to get attention. However neither of it is not right from any angle.  My poor so-call handful of Shan, they don't think correctly whether it's possible or not before they start anything. They should know that there is only one choice to defeat the military which is united with all opposition. Also there is necessary to learn regional political situation of neighboring region since we can not ignore our neighboring countries.

 

Thailand has the problem of northern Muslim separatist rebels, India has Mizoram separatist Mizo rebels and other, northern part of Chinese people even they don't like to call themselves of Chinese, separatist rebels in Ache of northern Sumatra in Indonesia, separatist Hmong ethnic rebel in Laos, and so on and on. Can I say these are the real obstacles issue for them?

 

Having the motivation is good but must be right motivation is important. Mr. Andrew Marshall "The Trouser People "or Sir J.G Scott (high-ranking British officer) their literature about the Shan and Wa people before the British colony and under the British colony was very good to read. However it's just for the information and its not provoking of to cry spilled milk and awake of national pride in this globalization age. Democracy is good but abusing the right is fatal mistake for themselves and others too.

 

Zaw Ne

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Kanbawza Win’s article has the same meaning that I was thinking about.  "April Fool" is a correct word to response the unrealistic announcement (Shan Independence).

 

Cheers

Htun Aung Gyaw

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Ethnic issues and self-determination are certainly a part of a wider democracy movement. How can we talk about democracy by putting aside ethnic issues? Obviously the half-century internal political conflict that we are experiencing now is without doubt a result of our country's failure to address ethnic issues and accommodate their aspirations. It should not come as a great surprise and concern that our ethnic brothers and sisters put their issues before or side by side democracy. Instead ethnic minorities should have learnt enough from their experiences sixty years ago that because they put "Independence" before their interests for the common good, eventually they bear the dire consequence. Consequently they will repeat their mistake and lose the opportunity again if they put aside their issues for this illusive democracy.

 

Greh Moo

University of Toronto

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Extreme advocacy for ethnic rights in Burma has detrimental effect to the achievement of Democracy in Burma. It is reasonable and understandable to see "identity politics." However, putting ethnic issues before Democracy will unfortunately exacerbate the suffering of all inhabitants living in the land of Burma, for it helps the military regime justify the need to have the power in their hands. Therefore, it is very important to be realistic when it comes to ethnic issues in Burma. A clout of ethnic issues should not be impediment in the establishment of democracy in our homeland.

 

Some of our ethnic brothers are pushing too much and too hard in order to raise ethnic issues. It is nothing wrong with this effort. However, they must be aware of the ramification effect of what they are doing.

 

Regards,

Tin Maung Htoo

Burma Forum Canada

 

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Kaowao Newsgroup is committed to social justice, peace, and democracy in Burma. We hope to be able to provide more of an in-depth analysis that will help to promote lasting peace and change within Burma.

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