BURMA NEWS INTERNATIONAL

 

December 20, 2004

 

NEWS

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(1 Depayin Butcher Not Evil: Former Bodyguard

(2 Asian Democrats Urge: Release Suu Kyi Now

(3 Private cars forced to carry people for Trade Fair (In Burmese)

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OPINION

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READING THE DICTATOR’S PRIMITIVE MIND  (By Aung Kin)

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DEPAYIN BUTCHER NOT EVIL: FORMER BODYGUARD

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S.H.A.N

December 20, 2004

 

A former non-commissioned officer of the Burma Army who used to be

Prime Minister Soe Win's security man recently told S.H.A.N. he did

not believe his former boss, who organized the May 30, 2003 massacre

in Northern Burma's Depayin, was a natural-born wicked person, writes

Hawkeye:

 

"He is just a soldier who's only doing his job," the 33-year-old ex-

corporal Myint Hlaing Oo, personal number taka 711257, who had long

been AWOL (absence without leave), said, "and that is following orders

without fail."

 

He knew Soe Win, then a deputy battalion commander in Pa-an , had also

taken part in the suppression of the Rangoon student protesters in

1988. "He did what he was told," he said. "He never questioned the

right or wrong of his assignment."

 

In 1990, Soe Win became the commander of Infantry Battalion 226 in

Loimwe, 20 miles southeast of Kengtung, where he served for one-and-a-

half years. "He was totally disciplined," Myint Hlaing Oo

recalled. "Always in uniform until the flag was lowered in the

evening. I also never saw him smoking, gambling or joining a drinking

party throughout his tenure with the 226th."

 

Incidentally, the first replica of Rangoon's Shwe Dagon pagoda was

built in Shan State at Loimwe in 1991 following his fortuitous

discovery of an ancient alms-bowl full of Buddha images. There are now

nine Shwe Dagon duplicates in Shan State, although few know for what

purpose they were constructed.

 

Soe Win was also said to be a planting enthusiast. "I remember him

once asking every soldier who was on furlough to bring back avocado

seeds," he mused.

 

General Than Shwe was so impressed with him, he was placed in charge

of all civil and military affairs in eastern Shan State, then still

part of the Taunggyi-based Eastern Region Command, while its commander

Colonel Kyaw Win (now Lt-Gen. Kyaw Win, chief of training) was away.

[Eastern Shan State became a separate command, the Triangle Region

Command, in 1996.]

 

"I therefore think he will prove to be a better prime minister for the

generals than Khin Nyunt," he concluded.

 

Thai foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, during a radio address,

also commented that Thailand would be able to work with the new prime

minister, whom he had met before and admired, according to a Reuters

report.

 

One Thai observer, however, brushes off the praise by saying, "The

trouble with Soe Win is he's got no brains."

 

Soe Win, reportedly a native of Shan State from a Danu tribe, became

prime minister Oct. 19, replacing the deposed Gen. Khin Nyunt.

 

+++++++++++++++++



ASIAN DEMOCRATS URGE: RELEASE SUU KYI NOW       

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Mizzima News

December 20, 2004

        

Taipei, - Representatives of pro-democracy movements from 13 Asian

countries have stepped up the call for the release of Burmese pro-

democracy leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in the wake of new threats on

her personal security and her health.           

The activists were participants in the World Forum for Democratization

in Asia workshop on "Assisting Democratization in Asia's Closed

Societies" hosted by the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy in Taipei

Dec. 16-17.     

 

On Dec. 14, the 1991 Nobel Laureate's team of personal bodyguards was

withdrawn from her compound and her access to medical attention was

drastically reduced, just weeks after Burma's military regime

officially extended her detention by a year.

 

"These threats and intimidation by the Burmese regime clearly signal

that Burma must be disqualified from chairing ASEAN. Instead of

releasing Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma's generals have placed her at

greater risk," stressed workshop participant Gus Miclat of the

Philippines.

 

Ms. Suu Kyi, who led her party, the National League for Democracy

(NLD), to a landslide victory in Burma's last general elections,  has

been detained since the May 2003 Depayin Massacre, when a military-

organized mob attacked her and her supporters, killing scores of

unarmed civilians.      

 

The workshop participants also called for the release of all prisoners

of conscience in Asia, including:

* Thich Huyen Quang, Thich Quang Do and Nguyen Dan Que of Vietnam, and

* Tenzin Delek, a Tibetan monk facing the death sentence and Hu

Shigen, a long-term detainee suffering from poor health. Both are

imprisoned in China.    

 

The activists also urged authorities concerned to grant adequate

access by health professionals and family members to all political

prisoners.      

 

Another matter of serious concern raised by the workshop was the

harassment and detention suffered by activists from Bhutan and North

Korea who sought refuge in Nepal and China, respectively. "Harassment

of these activists will only worsen and prolong the root causes of the

problems already felt by these neighboring countries," explained

Korean rights advocate Young Howard.

 

Human rights and democracy issues of countries that lack a high

profile in the Asian pro-democracy movement, including Laos, were

discussed at the workshop. Baramy Mitthivong, director of the United

Lao Action Center, welcomed the recent releases of high-profile

prisoners Feng Sakchittaphong and Latsami Khampoui and hoped

authorities would be more lenient toward other activists, including

those detained for the Vangtao Incident: "As Laos currently chairs

ASEAN, it should demonstrate its appreciation of such a privilege by

releasing political prisoners on humanitarian grounds."         

 

The World Forum for Democratization in Asia (WFDA) is a new platform

for cooperation among democratic movements, networks and organizations

in Asia. It is intended to provide mutual support and sharing of

experiences and best practices, to strengthen the momentum for

democratization throughout the region and hasten the development of a

regional democratic community.

 

This workshop was the first official WFDA event, and the first of a

series of three strategy development workshops, focusing on countries

at different stages of democratization, to be held over the next six

months. These workshops will result in a draft Program of Action, to

be adopted at the inaugural WFDA Biennial Conference, to be held in

Taiwan in 2005.

 

++++++++++++++++++++++

 

READING THE DICTATOR’S PRIMITIVE MIND 

====================================

 

By Aung Kin

20 December 2004

 

General Than Shwe’s instinctual purge of Khin Nyunt and his Military

Intelligence Service (MIS) and the creation of a new group of henchmen

were identical to what the late General Ne Win did in 1983. Like his

predecessor Ne Win, Than Shwe realized that the bedrock of

personalized dictatorship has always been mutual trust. In the absence

of the rule of law he simply could not trust the Khin Nyunt nurtured

by Ne Win as his own unflinching henchman. Than Shwe’s six-year stint

at the psycho warfare department(1958-1963), four years (1964-1967) of

jawboning at the socialist propaganda school called the Central School

of Political Science, and seven years with the socialist party central

committee  (1981-1988) must have led him to suspect even his own

knees. He now seems to have believed in an old Burmese saying, “Don’t

trust your knees beyond yourself” (Trust no one).

 

Than Shwe, in the same way as Ne Win, started his life as a junior

clerk at a local post office. Unlike Ne Win, who had spent a year or

two at Rangoon University hanging around his hostel (Ava Hall) making

friends with like-minded people, Than Shwe had not even seen the

university until he joined the war office in Rangoon. Naturally

intellectual things and democratic ideals are usually way above his

head. When it comes to subtle political maneuvering or dealing with

foreign leaders he was nowhere near Ne Win, who had been able to

impress his counterparts with his bread-and-butter English.

 

As the most powerful and least educated military leader, Than Shwe’s

instinctive actions often seem to have prevailed over learned

behavior. Than Shwe was said to have believed all along that he would

end up like General Saw Maung if Khin Nyunt could have his own way. 

Acting as Ne Win’s proxy, Khin Nyunt replaced Saw Maung with Than Shwe

in 1992.  But the glaring unsavory treatment Ne Win received during

his dying days was a kind of rude awakening for him. He realizes that

to survive he needs his own obedient, unscrupulous followers, not

those left over from Ne Win’s days. So, the military government and

the military intelligence service (MIS) are being reconstructed and

face-lifted to suit his own need.

 

The modern civilized world is supposed to be ruled by justice. But in

a country where justice is never achieved nor even sought because of

the persistent, perennial, ubiquitous fear instilled by the military

dictatorship into the mind of the people, giving Khin Nyunt’s group a

taste of their own medicine may be good news for those who wish to

bring them to justice.  But MIS, whether under Khin Nyunt or Than

Shwe, plays the same dirty game. Harassing, arresting, torturing,

imprisoning and killing are their normal traits.

 

When he was not in complete control of the MIS, Than Shwe used the

USDA (Union Solidarity and Development Association), akin to Hitler’s

brown-shirted storm troopers that fought other civilian groups who

opposed Nazi ideas. It is also similar to the anti-independence

militia group in East Timor used by the Indonesian army in formenting

unrest. Similarly, the violence of USDA thugs began with the attack on

Daw Aung San Su Kyi, U Kyi Maung and U Tin Oo while they were

travelling in a three-car motorcade in Rangoon on Nov.9, 1996. From

then on the USDA had been publicly terrorizing and even murdering NLD

members and democracy activists, culminating in the Dipeyin Massacre

on May 30, 2003.

 

Than Shwe’s philosophy derives directly from his roots in the psycho

warfare department and the propaganda school. His behaviour reminds us

of the caveman era — he is primitive in the way he lusts after power.

He is also said to have hated the sight of Aung San Su Kyi, whom he

regarded as an obstacle to his “democratic reform” and an intruder

from abroad. Releasing prisoners in thousands while detaining

democrats in hundreds is his way of putting ideas into people’s heads

that democrarcy is just around the corner. His unwillingness to retire

from the army at the age of 71 has clearly shown he could not imagine

what he would do outside the military, his life for 52 years. His

family now believe they have royal blood in their veins.

 

Under the cloak of the Burmese way to socialism, Ne Win’s personalized

dictatorship endured for 26 years.  In much the same way, Than Shwe

hopes to build up his own authoritarian rule under the guise of

outward “democratic reforms” defying international pressure and UN

authority. Cash-starved Burmese troops rely on levy, tribute and

demand to fill their coffers while the ruling military elite try to

con foreign companies and governments into believing what they say.

They believe the world could be talked into anything.

 

Than Shwe believes in propaganda as a vital tool in achieving his

goals. He was impressed by the propaganda machine of Ne Win’s

totalitarian socialist party in which he served for many years. It is

highly likely all the upstart ministers must obtain Than Shwe's

thoughts on many things so they can pass down the official line on

internal and external events. Retention of a press censorship board

and recent promotion of black propaganda intended to deceive its

audience, clearly show that Than Shwe is not going to give the

democratic opposition the time of day. As usual, he has no moral

qualms about spreading propaganda which he himself knows to be false.

 

This disinformation campaign came to be known to the people as

the ‘Big Lie’. It was effectively used by Hitler, who acted according

to his ideas developed in Mein Kampf, that a lie, provided it is

sufficiently big and frequently repeated, will be at least partly

believed by the gullible masses.  Here Than Shwe found himself out of

his depth to understand the primary reason for the failure of this

technique. A straight-out information service used by democratic

countries presenting news and information as factually as possible and

leaving the listener or the reader to reach his own conclusion has

beaten the ‘Big Lie’ to its knees.

 

One of the most insightful authors of the Cold War was George Orwell,

whose novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four are virtual

textbooks on the use of propaganda. Though not set in the Soviet

Union, their characters live under totalitarian regimes in which

language is constantly corrupted for political purposes. Those novels

were used for explicit propaganda. The CIA, for example, secretly

commissioned an animated film adaptation of Animal Farm in the 1950s.

I also turned Animal Farm into a radio play in Burmese that was

broadcast from the BBC overseas service in the early 1990s. The play

was reported to have gone down very well with listeners.

 

George Orwell, working for the BBC External Service in 1942, offered a

foolproof test to probe the nature of propaganda  broadcast by

comparing what propagandists do with what they say.  As he put

it: "The safe rule is to remember that acts count for more than words

and that the Japanese must be judged not by what they promise to do

tomorrow in India or Burma but what they did yesterday and are still

doing in Korea, Manchuria and China." Orwell patiently drew his

audience's attention to that great and growing gap between Fascist

claims and Fascist acts.  The mind of man, whatever the attempts made

to bend it and shape it this way or that, continues in the most

startling way to resist these attempts and apparently retain the

desire and capacity to reach the truth.

 

However, the unwillingness or inability of the Burmese military

leadership to shift from a political culture anchored in primitive

personalized politics and ‘Big Lie’ psycho warfare to a broader

participatory national politics based on the development of a free

press, modern democratic institutions and pluralist ideologies, has

destroyed all hope of genuine democratic transition.

 

*************END************

 

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