96-03 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY From the Rangoon "The New Light of Myanmar" Compiled for the Burma Studies Group by Hugh C. MacDougall Published by the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Illinois Volume X, No. 3, March 1996 Table of Contents POLITICAL 2 Slogans 2 Political Articles 2 Bangladesh Refugees 4 National Races 4 Refresher Courses 4 USDA 4 Gen. Maung Aye on Tour 4 Senior General Than Shwe on Tour 5 NATIONAL CONVENTION 5 Committee Meetings 5 Plenary Session 5 Chapter on The Legislature 5 Chapter on The Executive 13 Chapter on The Judiciary 29 Closing Address 36 DIPLOMATIC 38 Diplomatic Calls 38 New Ambassadors to Myanmar 39 New Myanmar Ambassadors 39 Diplomatic Tour 39 Chinese Women's Day Message 39 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 39 Joint Workshops & Seminars 39 Regional and Border Cooperation 40 Social and Economic Cooperation 40 Donations from Abroad 40 FOREIGN VISITORS 41 International Agency Visitors 41 Medical Visitors 42 Business Visitors 42 Religious Visitors 44 Media Visitors 45 Thai Delegations 45 Thai Prime Minister 45 Chinese Provincial Delegation 46 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS 46 Delegations to Meetings 46 Livestock Minister to Malaysia 46 Industry Deputy Minister to China 46 MILITARY 46 Military Attacks 46 Surrenders by Armed Group Members 46 Khun Sa Troops Continue Surrender 46 GOVERNMENT 46 Peasants Day Message 46 Armed Forces Day 48 Armed Forces Day Address 48 Supplementary Appropriation Law 52 1996 State Budget Law 53 MYANMAR GAZETTE 55 Appointments on Probation 55 Appointments 55 Appointments Confirmed 55 ECONOMIC 55 Economic Articles 55 Project Inaugurations 55 Business Openings 56 Advertisements 57 Agreements with Foreign Firms 57 Business Courses 57 Banking 58 Tourism 58 Gems Emporium 58 Bago Trade Fair 59 Gas and Oil 59 Rainfall in Yangon 59 HEALTH 59 Health Articles 59 Immunizations 59 SPORTS 60 Myanmar Teams and Delegations 60 Foreign Teams, Coaches, etc. 60 Hole-in-One 60 Best Sportsman Awards 60 CULTURAL 60 Cultural and Scientific Articles 60 Religion 61 Publications 61 Computers 62 Universities and Institutes 62 Bagan Pagoda Restoration 63 Film on Myanmar 64 Journalism 65 MISCELLANEOUS 65 Sunday and Holiday Supplements 65 Crime 66 Anti-Narcotics Activities 66 Engagement 67 Marriages 67 Obituaries 67 Fires 68 Earthquake 68 New Postage Stamps 68 Billboards Restricted 68 New License Plates 68 Wild Elephants 68 ------------------------------------------- Issue for March 18 not received. ------------------------------------------- HIGHLIGHTS -- Donations from officials and others continued daily for the restoration of Bagan pagodas; we list the names of high officials and their wives, and summarize other donations. [CULTURAL] -- Annual Supplementary Expenditures Law (1995) and 1996 Budget Law. [GOVERNMENT] -- Armed Forces Day -- Address by Senior General Than Shwe [full text]. -- National Convention Plenary Session receives Basic Principles on Chapters on Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Closing address. Adjournment to unspecified date. [NATIONAL CONVENTION] ------------------------------------------- POLITICAL Slogans The bottom of each front page continues to bear the slogan: Emergence of the State Constitution is the duty of all citizens of Myanmar Naing-Ngan The top of each back page usually bears the slogan: The Tatmadaw has been sacrificing much of its blood and sweat to prevent disintegration of the Union. All nationalities of the Union are urged to give all co-operation and assistance in this great task. Religious Slogans: Since August 1991, each issue has included a changing Pali religious slogan at the top of each front page: Mar. 1-31: Garavo ca, reverence; this is the way to auspiciousness. The Twelve Objectives: Since July 6, 1995, each issue of NLM has listed the Four Political, Four Economic, and Four Social Objectives of the State Law and Order Restoration Council, generally on the front page [for texts, see January 1996 issue]. Political Articles Mar. 7-8,12-16,12,24-25,27: Let all be united, by Tekkatho Tin Kha. [Cont. (7--2 parts) Visit to the Model Industrial Myothit (new town) in Myanmar Pyigyi Tagun Township. The new town was established by 56 industrialists of major industries, 23 of medium-sized industries, and 599 small-scale industrialists. It cost K 134.9 million to build, of which the industrialists furnished K 114.9 million and the State K 20 million. "That was why they had been able to display a wide variety of machinery and equipment and motor repair facilities. In fact, Upper Myanmar Industrial Exhibition in Mandalay and Lower Myanmar Industrial Exhibition in Bago stemmed from the displays of Seinban Industries in Mandalay and Pyigyi Tagun Model Industrial Myothit." SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe visited in August 1995. Description of Exhibitions. (8) Agricultural progress in Rakhine State inspected by SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe. (9--2 parts) Historic roads, and modern road projects, in Rakhine State. Inspection tour by Senior General Than Shwe. [(10) Patriotism of the Tatmadaw; return of Khun Sa's MTA and other armed groups; NLD failure to disrupt National Convention; Union Solidarity and Development Association. (11) Senior General Than Shwe's inspection of Rakhine State. (12) Agriculture in Ayeyawady Division. (13) Inauguration of new river boats on the Chindwin. (14) Installation of cellular telephone systems in Yangon and Mandalay. The Mandalay system cost US$ 4.5 million and K 28.9 million. (15) Dams and reservoirs.] Mar. 9: Tatmadaw to take leadership role in national politics of the country in future, by Myo Thant Kyaw. [Long review of Tatmadaw role in Myanmar history since 1941. If it had not intervened, "the country would have fallen again under foreign rule for sure." Therefore, "Our Three Main National Causes is the national policy accepted by the Tatmadaw and it will take part in the national political leadership role of the State in real earnestness."] Mar. 19: Tatmadaw always ready to sacrifice life, blood and sweat, by Ko Ko Oo. [The people and the Tatmadaw, "striving hand in hand," will make Myanmar "a modern and developed nation as long as the world exists."] Mar. 19-20: Myanmar--what is the West's Real Agenda? by Michael Dobbs-Higginson. [(1) The simplistic Western position is that, as a result of the 1990 elections which Daw Aung San Su Kyi's National League for Democracy "won by a substantial margin," it should be allowed to form a government. This is hypocritical, because "in today's Western populist democratic system" individuals demanding rights "ignore, or even take specific action to deny, the rights of others." Western governments are even more extreme in this, "because they have the facilities and power to disguise their true intentions." The West makes a "special target" out of Myanmar, "totally disproportionate to its recent behaviour and the positive results it has achieved to date." At the same time the US bends over backward to aid North Korea, for fear of its nuclear capability, compromises its principles in dealing with China in order to protect business deals, ignores Algerian refusal to accept the results of a democratic election, etc., etc. The US hidden agenda in constantly attacking Myanmar is that it wishes to contain China, and so objects to Myanmar's position of friendship with China. The US encourages Russia, Vietnam, and Korea, so as to contain China. Myanmar (unlike Daw Aung San Su Kyi, who vigorously protested Tiananmen Square), "steers a careful and delicate line between friendship, aid and dependence." What "makes this equation interesting," is that the NLD is a faction-riven group, including "former dissidents and communists," that Aung San Su Kyi and her associates have no governmental experience or skill, and "their overall confusion would lead them like putty in the determined hands of the US/West's power brokers." This would make it a "client state", and return it to "a country of warring ethnic groups." But so long as the present government remains in power, it will "formulate its own policy towards China." It is prepared to do so without any help from the West, which contributes to the "US's obsessive opposition to the current government." [(2) US demand for the extradition of Khun Sa, "after stripping away all the American huff and puff," is not to jail him, but to interrogate him about drug trade individuals in "Myanmar, Thailand, China, Hong Kong, and the US, make a "deal" with him, and end up with "a great deal of leverage to use as it chose for its own ends." Britain introduced drugs to Myanmar, and US, to support the Kuomintang, encouraged continued opium production after World War II. Two US Ambassadors, William J. Sebald and David McKey, "resigned because they were not kept informed of their government's activities in the north of Burma," activities that certainly created the "current drug production problem in this area." In 1995, a former DEA official, Richard Horn, who had served in Yangon, sued the State Department and CIA for "deliberately subverting his anti-drug efforts in the country," because of their instructions to "'deny Burma any credit'" for anti-narcotics activities. [But my main concern is that Western Governments posture about democracy and demand that others adopt their values, while behind the scene they are "often more corrupt" than countries like Myanma, which however imperfect "are actually moving forward and making real progress against great odds and with little support" outside Asia. US contradictory attitudes towards China and Indonesia prove its hypocrisy. Given US budget shutdowns, European paralysis over Yugoslavia, Greek-Turkish hostility, one could argue that the West "are going backwards while lecturing everybody else on why they should go forward the Western way!" ["The writer is the author of Asia Pacific: Its Role in the New World Disorder (Mandarin). He is a former chairman of Merrill Lynch, Asia Pacific Region."] Mar. 20: The Tatmadaw is the star that shines everbright, by Min Kyaw Min. [Patriotism of the Tatmadaw and its services to the State.] Mar. 21-24: The Pyithu Tatmadaw born of the patriotic spirit upholds, promotes national ideals, by Shwe La Win. [(1) History of Myanmar nationalism and birth of the Tatmadaw. (2) Burma Defence Army (1942), Patriot Burmese Forces (1945), Burma Army (1945), insurrections through the 1950s. (3) Tatmadaw from 1958-1988. (4) Current policies of the National Convention, border development, and foreign investment.] Mar. 26: Genuine goodwill of the State, by Swe Thant Ko. [In opening the Government Employees Bank "to see to the welfare of State service personnel and pensioners."] Mar. 29: "To Serve..." by Dr. Tin Maung Aung. [The role of the Tatmadaw, now and forever.] Bangladesh Refugees Mar. 5: 144 persons from 27 households returned to various reception camps on Feb. 29, "under the agreement reached between Myanmar and Bangladesh" bringing the total since Sept. 22, 1992 to 196,895 persons from 39,644 households. (NLM 3/6) Mar. 14: 76 persons from 15 households returned to various reception camps on Mar. 8, bringing the total to 196,971. (NLM 3/15) National Races Mar. 12: Kayinni national leader U Tun Kyaw and party of the Kayinni Nationalities People's Liberation Front called on Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs Lt-Gen. Maung Thint. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 15: Chairman Rev. U Tot Shel Lun Daung and Secretary Rev. U Zaw Bwe Joum of the Kachin Baptist Council, members of the Kachin Script Centenary Celebration Work Committee, called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 19: Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) leader Dr. Tu Ja and members U La Phan La and U Gum Sam, and Kachin intermediary for peace U Khun Myat, called on National Convention Convening Work Committee Chairman U Aung Toe and members. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 28: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt "received leaders of nationalities who have made peace with the Government." (NLM 3/29) Refresher Courses Mar. 23: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt addressed the conclusion of Special Refresher Course No. 1 for Officials of Development Affairs. (NLM 3/24) USDA Mar. 12: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance at the opening of the Union Solidarity and Development Association Executive Advanced Management Course No. 2. He "said the trainees constitute not only the hard core force of the USDA, but also the sole national force which will always join hands with the Tatmadaw to serve national and public interests. Hence, he said, they should be both morally and physically strong with sharp national defence qualities. Therefore, he said, the trainees will be taught military parade, military tactics and use of weapons.... "He spoke of the need for the trainees to organize the mass of youths to be imbued with the love for own people, the spirit to safeguard independence and sovereignty at the risk of lives and the determination to eliminate the destructionists attempting to disturb the rule of law and prevalence of peace in the country. "He called on them to watch out for unscrupulous persons who would not like the positive developments in securing stability and peace in the country and are misleading and deceiving the youths. He said the trainees are responsible for organizing fellow youths to see that they are not misguided by instigations of the destructionists and make them adopt clear outlook and good concepts and concentrate on tasks of national importance...." (NLM 3/13) Gen. Maung Aye on Tour Mar. 5: SLORC Vice-Chairman Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye spoke with military and their families at Myeik, and visited Khunsu Township. He then returned to Yangon. (NLM 3/6) Senior General Than Shwe on Tour Mar. 6: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe flew to Thandwe (Sandoway) in Rakhine State, and inspected the 600--foot Kannthayar Reservoir project, which will store 166 million gallons of water, and will supply the Kannthayar Beach Resort 18 miles north of Gwa. // Mar. 7: He took part in the Htidaw hoisting ceremony of the Thandithukha Wizaya Pagoda in Taunggup. [photos] (NLM 3/8) // He inspected the Thandwe Airport extension project, rubber and oil palm projects, and the Ngapali Beach Hotel at Thandwe. (NLM 3/9) // Mar. 9: He gave guidance to Thandwe District officials. In addition to greater efficiency, "He noted that...there are internal and external forces who are marring a stable, peaceful and developing condition in the country. He called on nationals of the entire country to shun and oppose them taking the welfare of the nation and people into consideration, adding it is a born duty of every national to shun, oppose and remove enemy of the State." (NLM 3/10) // Mar. 10: He addressed the Thandwe District LORC, and the Thandwe, Taunggup, and Gwa Township LORCS, discussing transportation projects. In the afternoon he returned to Yangon. (NLM 3/11) Mar. 15: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe inspected projects in Nyaungdon and Maubin Townships in Ayeyawady Division, including the Ayeyawady Bridge (Nyaungdon), the Maubin Bridge, the Khathtiya Bridge, and the Hlaingta and Khathtiya Sluice Construction Projects. [page of photos] (NLM 3/16) NATIONAL CONVENTION Committee Meetings Panels of Chairmen and members of delegates groups met to discuss the chapters on the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary, to hold coordination meetings, and to discuss clarifications of the Chairman of the National Convention Convening Work Committee U Aung Toe: Mar. 1: Intellectuals and intelligentsia. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 4: Peasants; Intellectuals and intelligentsia; Other invited persons; Political parties; Representatives-elect; Nationalities. (NLM 3/5) Mar. 5: State service personnel. (NLM 3/ 6) Mar. 6: Workers; Intellectuals and intelligentsia; Political parties; Representatives-elect. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 7: Peasants; National races. (NLM 3/ 8) Mar. 8: Other invited persons; National races. (NLM 3/9) Mar. 11: Peasants; Intellectuals and intelligentsia; National races. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 12: Workers; State service personnel; Political parties. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 13: Peasants; Political parties; Representatives-elect. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 14: Representatives-elect; National races. (NLM 3/15) Mar. 15: Other invited persons; Political parties; Representatives-elect. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 18: Other invited persons. (NLM 3/ 19) Plenary Session Mar. 21: The Plenary Session of the National Convention will resume on Mar. 28 at the Central Meeting Hall in the President's Residence Compound on Ahlon Road. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 28: The Plenary Session of the National Convention resumed, with 527 of 586 delegates present. Reading was begun of a 777 page paper dealing with the Chapters of the Constitution on Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary (cont. through Mar. 31). Presentations on each of the three chapters were given by U Aung Toe (cont. through Mar. 31). :Chapter on The Legislature Chairman of the National Convention Convening Work Committee U Aung Toe presented the "detailed basic principles laid down to serve as basis in formation of the legislature to be included in writing the State Constitution [full text]: Esteemed Chairman and Delegates, Now, detailed basic principles on formation concerning the legislature have been laid down in accord with suggestions given by a large number of delegates. These principles are presented together herewith to be easily known by the delegates. 1. In connection with the legislature, (a) the legislative powers of the State are distributed among Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, region hluttaws and state hluttaws; (b) legislative power prescribed by the Constitution is distributed to self-administered areas. 2. In connection with the two Hluttaws, (a) the Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of population and Tatmadaw member representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall be known as Pyithu Hluttaw; (b) the Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers from regions and states and Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall be known as the Amyotha Hluttaw. 3. In connection with formation of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw -- Pyidaungsu Hluttaw comprises the following two Hluttaws: (a) Pyithu Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of population and Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services; (b) Amyotha Hluttaw formed with Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers from regions and states and Tatmadaw member representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services. [PYITHU HLUTTAW] 4. In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw -- Pyithu Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 440 Hluttaw representatives, as follows: (a) Not more than 330 Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of population; (b) Not more than 110 Tatmadaw member representatives nominated in accord with law by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services. [Pyithu Hluttaw leaders] 5. In connection with the leaders and the deputy leaders of respective Hluttaws, -- the leader who is to lead in supervising the Hluttaw meeting held for the taking of oath of office by Hluttaw representatives and electing of Hluttaw okkahta and deputy okkahta on the day of commencement of the first Hluttaw meeting for each tenure of a Hluttaw concerned shall be called thabapati; the leader and the deputy leader of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be called nayaka and the deputy nayaka; the leader and the deputy leader of Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw, region hluttaw or state hluttaw shall be called okkahta and deputy okkahta. 6. In connection with election of thabapati of Pyithu Hluttaw, (a) a Pyithu Hluttaw representative shall be elected as thabapati of Pyithu Hluttaw at the commencement of the first meeting of Pyithu Hluttaw for each tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw; (b) the thabapati shall take the oath of office before the Pyithu Hluttaw; (c) the thabapati shall supervise the Pyithu Hluttaw meeting till completion of election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw. 7. In connection with election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw, (a) in Pyithu Hluttaw, (1) Pyithu Hluttaw representatives shall elect one okkahta and one deputy okkahta from amongst Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (2) In the event the post of okkahta or deputy okkahta becomes vacant, a replacement shall be elected at the nearest meeting of Pyithu Hluttaw; (3) In the event okkahta is unable to perform the duties of okkahta, deputy okkahta shall temporarily perform the duties of okkahta. (b) methods for electing okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law. 8. In connection with performance and terminations of duties of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw, (a) Okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall perform their duties up to the time before commencement of the first meeting of the next tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw; (b) Okkahta and deputy okkahta, in the event of resigning from the post, being caused to cease to be Pyithu Hluttaw representative, having no right to continue to be Pyithu Hluttaw representative, being withdrawn by Pyithu Hluttaw from duties of okkahta or deputy okkahta, or passing away, shall have been caused to cease to be okkahta or deputy okkahta. 9. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw, -- responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law. 10. In connection with the status of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw, -- Okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw is prescribed to be of the same status as Vice-President, and the deputy okkahta is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw. [Pyithu Hluttaw Committees] 11. In Pyithu Hluttaw, (a) In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw committees, (1) Pyithu Hluttaw shall form bills committee, public accounts committee, Hluttaw rights committee, and government's guarantees, pledges and undertakings scrutiny committee with Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (2) In the even occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence and security matters or Tatmadaw affairs, Pyithu Hluttaw shall form the defence and security committee with Tatmadaw member Pyithu Hluttaw representatives, prescribing a period of time for it. The defence and security committee so formed may if necessary co-opt non-Tatmadaw member Pyithu Hluttaw representatives in accord with the requirements at work; (3) If necessary to have studies made and submitted on legislative affairs, executive affairs, national races affairs, economic affairs, financial affairs, social affairs, foreign affairs or other affairs, Hluttaw committees may be formed with Pyithu Hluttaw representatives, with a period of time prescribed for it. (4) Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights, privileges and tenures of Pyithu Hluttaw committees. (5) For forming a joint committee comprising equal numbers from Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw, if some matter arises to coordinate with Amyotha Hluttaw, Pyithu Hluttaw may elect and assign Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who will serve on that committee. The tenure of the joint committee shall be up to the time of submitting the report to the Hluttaw concerned. (6) In the event both Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw have some matter to study, apart from matters to be handled by committees as in Sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) mentioned above, okkahtas of these Hluttaws may coordinate between themselves and form a joint committee comprising equal numbers of representatives from Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw. Pyithu Hluttaw may elect and assign Pyithu Hluttaw representatives to serve on that committee. The tenure of that joint committee shall be up to the time of submitting the report to the Hluttaw concerned. [Pyithu Hluttaw Commissions and bodies] (b) In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw commissions and bodies, (1) If necessary to study matters other than those studied by Pyithu Hluttaw committees, Pyithu Hluttaw may form commissions and bodies with Pyithu Hluttaw representatives or with inclusion of suitable citizens; (2) When forming those commissions and bodies, Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights and privileges of those commissions and bodies. [Pyithu Hluttaw Tenure] 12. In connection with the tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw, -- The tenure of Pyithu Hluttaw is five years from the day of commencement of the first meeting of that Hluttaw. [AMYOTHA HLUTTAW] 13. In connection with formation of Amyotha Hluttaw, -- Amyotha Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 224 Hluttaw representatives, as follows: (a) 168 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers from each region or state inclusive of Union territories, and including one representative from each self-administered division or self-administered zone; (b) 56 Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services in accord with law at the rate of four representatives from each region or state inclusive of Union territories. [Amyotha Hluttaw Leaders] 14. In connection with election of thabapati of Amyotha Hluttaw, (a) an Amyotha Hluttaw representative shall be elected as thabapati of Amyotha Hluttaw at the commencement of the first meeting of Amyotha Hluttaw for each tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw; (b) the thabapati shall take the oath of office before the Amyotha Hluttaw; (c) the thabapati shall supervise the Amyotha Hluttaw meeting till completion of election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw. 15. In connection with election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw, (a) in Amyotha Hluttaw, (1) Amyotha Hluttaw representatives shall elect one okkahta and one deputy okkahta from amongst Amyotha Hluttaw representatives; (2) In the even the post of okkahta or deputy okkahta becomes vacant, a replacement shall be decided at the nearest meeting of the Amyotha Hluttaw; (3) In the event okkahta is unsuitable to perform the duties of okkahta, deputy okkahta shall temporarily perform the duties of okkahta. (b) methods for electing okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law. 16. In connection with performance and termination of duties of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw, (a) Okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall perform their duties up to the time before commencement of the first meeting of the next tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw; (b) Okkahta or deputy okkahta, in the event of resigning from the post, being caused to cease to be Amyotha Hluttaw representative, having no right to continue to be Amyotha Hluttaw representative, being withdrawn by Amyotha Hluttaw from duties of okkahta or deputy okkahta, or passing away, shall have been caused to cease to be okkahta or deputy okkahta. 17. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw, -- responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law. 18. In connection with the status of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw, -- Okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw is prescribed to be of the same status as Vice-President, and the deputy okkahta is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw. [Amyotha Hluttaw Committees] 19. In connection with the formation of Amyotha Hluttaw committees, (a) Amyotha Hluttaw shall form bills committee, public accounts committee, Hluttaw rights committee, and government's guarantees, pledges and undertakings scrutiny committee with Amyotha Hluttaw representatives; (b) In the event occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence and security matters or Tatmadaw affairs, Amyotha Hluttaw shall form the defence and security committee with Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives, prescribing a period for it. The defence and security committee so formed may if necessary co-opt non-Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives in accord with requirements at work; (c) If necessary to have studies made and submitted on legislative affairs, executive affairs, national races affairs, economic affairs, financial affairs, social affairs, foreign affairs or other affairs, Hluttaw committees may be formed with Amyotha Hluttaw representatives, with a period of time prescribed for it. (d) Amyotha Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights, privileges and tenures of Amyotha Hluttaw committees. (e) For forming a joint committee comprising equal numbers of representatives from Amyotha Hluttaw and Pyithu Hluttaw, if some matter arises to coordinate with Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw may elect and assign Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who will serve on that committee. The tenure of the joint committee shall be up to the time of submitting report to the Hluttaw concerned. (f) In the event both Amyotha Hluttaw and Pyithu Hluttaw have some matter to study, apart from matters to be handled by committees as in Sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) mentioned above, okkahtas of these Hluttaws may coordinate between themselves and form a joint committee comprising equal numbers of representatives from Amyotha Hluttaw and Pyithu Hluttaw. Amyotha Hluttaw may elect and assign Amyotha Hluttaw representatives to serve on that committee. The tenure of that joint committee shall be up to the time of submitting the report to the Hluttaw concerned. [Amyotha Hluttaw commissions and bodies] 20. In connection with formation of Pyithu Hluttaw [sic--Amyotha Hluttaw probably meant] commissions and bodies, (a) If necessary to study matters other than those studied by Amyotha Hluttaw committees, Amyotha Hluttaw may form commissions and bodies with Amyotha Hluttaw representatives or with inclusion of suitable citizens; (b) When forming those commission and bodies, Amyotha Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights and privileges of those commissions and bodies. [Amyotha Hluttaw tenure] 21. In connection with the tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw, -- The tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw is the same as that of Pyithu Hluttaw. The tenure of Amyotha Hluttaw expires on the day that of Pyithu Hluttaw expires. [Pyidaungsu Hluttaw leaders] 22. In connection with performance of duties by the nayaka and deputy nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw -- (a) The okkahta and deputy okkahta of Amyotha Hluttaw shall serve also as the nayaka and deputy nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw from the day the tenure of office [of] the Pyithu Hluttaw commences up to the end of 30 months. The okkahta and deputy okkahta of Pyithu Hluttaw shall serve also as nayaka and deputy nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the remaining tenure of office; (b) in the event the nayaka of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is unable to perform the duties of nayaka, the deputy nayaka shall temporarily perform the duties of the nayaka. [REGION OR STATE HLUTTAWS] 23. In connection with the formation of the Region Hluttaw or State Hluttaw -- -- Region or State Hluttaw shall be formed as follows: (a) In Regions or States, Region or State Hluttaw representatives -- two elected from each township; (b) In Region, Region Hluttaw representatives -- one elected from each national race decided by the authorities concerned as having population which constitutes 0.1 per cent of the population of the State, of the remaining national races other than those who have already got the respective Region or a self-administered area in that region; (c) in States, State representatives -- one elected from each national race decided by the authorities concerned as having population which constitutes 0.1 per cent of the population of the State, of the remaining national races other than those who have already got the respective State or a self-administered area in that state; (d) Region or State Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services in a number equal to one-third of the total number of Hluttaw representatives elected under sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) or (a) and (c). [Region or State Hluttaw leaders] 24. In connection with election of the thabapati of Region or State Hluttaw -- (a) a Region or State Hluttaw representative shall be elected as thabapati of Region or State Hluttaw at the commencement of the first meeting of Region or State Hluttaw for each tenure of Region or State Hluttaw; (b) the thabapati shall take the oath of office before the Region or State Hluttaw; (c) the thabapati shall supervise the Region or State Hluttaw meeting till completion of election of okkahta or deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw. 25. In connection with election of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw, (a) in Region or State Hluttaw, (1) Region or State Hluttaw representatives shall elect one okkahta and one deputy okkahta from amongst Region or State Hluttaw representatives; (2) In the even the post of okkahta or deputy okkahta becomes vacant, a replacement shall be elected at the nearest meeting of the Hluttaw; (3) In the event okkahta is unable to perform the duties of okkahta, deputy okkahta shall temporarily perform the duties of okkahta. (b) methods for electing okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw shall be prescribe by law. 26. In connection with performance and termination of duties of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw, (a) Okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw shall perform their duties up to the time before commencement of the first meeting of the next tenure of Region or State Hluttaw; (b) Okkahta or deputy okkahta, in the event of resigning from the post, being caused to cease to be Region or State representative, having no right to continue to be Region or State representative, being withdrawn by Region or State Hluttaw from duties of okkahta or deputy okkahta, or passing away, shall cease to be okkahta or deputy okkahta. 27. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw, -- responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law. 28. In connection with the status of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw, -- Okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister and the deputy okkahta is prescribed to be of the same status as Region or State Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of okkahta and deputy okkahta of Region or State Hluttaw. [Region or State Hluttaw committees and bodies] 29. In connection with formation of Region or State Hluttaw committees and bodies, (a) The Region or State Hluttaw may, if and when necessary, form committees and bodies with the Region or State Hluttaw representatives concerned to study and report on legislative affairs and national races affairs entrusted by the Constitution. (b) The Region or State Hluttaw may include suitable citizens in the committees and bodies. (c) When forming committees and bodies, Region or State Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of members, duties, rights, privileges and tenure of those committees or bodies. [Region or State Hluttaw tenure] 30. In connection with the tenure of Region or State Hluttaw, -- The tenure of Region or State Hluttaw is the same as that of Pyithu Hluttaw. The tenure of Region or State Hluttaw expires on the day that of Pyithu Hluttaw expires. [Rights and Privileges] 31. In connection with duties, rights and privileges of Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw and Region or State Hluttaw representatives, -- duties, rights and privileges of Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw and Region or State Hluttaw representatives shall be prescribed by law. [HLUTTAW MEMBER QUALIFICATIONS] [Pyithu Hluttaw member qualifications] 32. In connection with the qualifications of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives -- -- Persons who possess the following qualifications have the right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives: (a) having attained the age of 25 years; (b) being a citizen born of parents both of whom are also citizens; (c) having settled in the Union of Myanmar for at least 10 consecutive years up to the time of being elected Pyithu Hluttaw representative; (d) possessing qualifications prescribed in the election law. 33. In connection with those who have no right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives -- -- The following persons shall not have the right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives: (a) a person serving prison term, having been convicted by the court concerned for having committed an offence; (b) person still within the period the authorities have prescribed that he or she has no right to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representative for having been punished for a commitment of an offence that makes him or her lose qualifications required of Pyithu Hluttaw representative before or after the State Constitution comes into force; (c) persons adjudged to be of unsound mind as provided for in the relevant law; (d) person who has not yet been cleared from being declared destitute; (e) person owing allegiance to a foreign government, or a subject of a foreign government or a citizen of a foreign country; (f) person who is entitled to rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government, or a citizen of a foreign country; (g) person who obtains and makes use or member of an organization that obtains and makes use of money, land, housing, building, vehicle, property etc. directly or indirectly from a foreign country's government, or religious organization or other organizations; (h) person who commits or abets or member of an organization that commits or abets acts of inciting, making speeches or issuing declarations to vote or not to vote; (i) members of a religious order; (j) civil service personnel; Proviso: The expression shall not apply to Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives; (k) person who obtains and makes use or member of an organization that obtains and makes use of State funds, land, housing, buildings, vehicles or property directly or indirectly; Proviso: (1) The expression 'State funds' does not apply to pension or allowances officially granted by the State for services rendered for the benefit of the State. (2) The expression 'land, housing, buildings, vehicles and property belonging to the State' does not apply to State-owned land, housing, building and apartments, State-owned aircraft, trains, vessels and motorcars and property etc. which have been permitted by the State to be used under an existing law or as required by duty, or leased from the State on payment; (l) person still within the period the authorities have prescribed that he or she has no right to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representative for commission of an unlawful act or for failure to act in conformity under the election law making him or her lose qualifications required of a Pyithu Hluttaw representative before or after the State Constitution comes into force. 34. In connection with qualifications of Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives-- -- Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives in accord with law shall possess qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives. [Amyotha Hluttaw member qualifications] 35. In connection with qualifications of Amyotha Hluttaw representatives -- -- Amyotha Hluttaw representatives (a) shall have completed 30 years of age; (b) shall possess qualifications to have the right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives other than the age limit; (c) shall be subject to provisions which disqualify a person from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representative. 36. In connection with the qualifications of Tatmadaw member Amyotha Hluttaw representatives -- -- Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services as Amyotha Hluttaw representatives in accord with law shall possess qualifications prescribed for Amyotha Hluttaw representatives. [Region or State Hluttaw member qualifications] 37. In connection with the qualifications of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives -- -- Region or State Hluttaw representatives (a) shall possess qualifications to have the right to stand for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (b) shall be subject to provisions which disqualify a person from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representative. 38. In connection with the qualifications of Tatmadaw member Region or State Hluttaw representatives -- -- Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services as Region or State representatives in accord with law shall possess qualifications prescribed for the Region or State representatives. These are the detailed basic principles laid down for formation of Legislature. (NLM 3/29) :Chapter on The Executive Mar. 29: The National Convention Plenary Session met, with 521 of 586 delegates present. Reading continued of the papers on the Executive. Chairman U Aung Toe, Secretary U Aye Maung, and Vice-Chairman U Tha Tun of the National Convention Convening Work Committee "presented to the National Convention the detailed principles laid down to serve as basis in formation of 'the Executive' to be included in writing the State Constitution [full text]: Esteemed Delegates and delegates, Now, detailed basic principles on formation concerning the 'Executive' have been laid down in accord with suggestions given by a large number of delegates. These principles are presented together herewith to be easily known by the delegates. 1. In connection with formation of the Pyidaungsu (Union) government, (a) The Executive Head of the State is the President of the State; (b)(1) the executive power of the State is distributed among the Pyidaungsu, regions and states; (2) self-administrative power is distributed to self-administered areas as stipulated by the State Constitution. (c) The Union government of the State shall be formed with the following persons: (1) the President of the State; (2) Vice-Presidents; (3) Union ministers; (4) the Attorney-General of the Union. [Union Ministries and Ministers] (d) With the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the State shall -- (1) designate the Union government ministries as necessary. Moreover, he can make changes in and addition to the designated ministries; (2) allocate the number of Union Ministers as necessary. Moreover, he can increase or reduce the allocated number. (e) Union ministers shall possess the following qualifications: (1) they must have attained the age of 40 years; (2) with the exception of age limit, they shall possess qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (3) they shall be loyal to the State and citizenry. 2. In connection with appointment of Union ministers -- (a) The President of the State shall appoint Union ministers -- (1) he shall select suitable persons who possess prescribed qualifications from among the Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives; (2) he shall obtain a list of nomination of suitable Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services for ministries of defence, security/home affairs and border affairs; (3) he shall consult with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services if he desires to appoint Tatmadaw members as Union ministers for the ministries other than defence, security/home affairs and border affairs. (b) The President is to prepare together the list of persons he has selected and that of Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, submit them to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and seek its approval. (c) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right to refuse a person nominated by the President of the State for the appointment of Union Minister unless it can prove the person concerned does not possess qualifications prescribed for Union Ministers. (d) The President of the State has the right to submit again the list furnished with new name replacing the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the appointment of the Union Minister. (e) The President of the State shall appoint persons approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as Union Ministers; in appointing them, the President of the State is to allocate the ministry or ministries which each Union Minister is to take charge. (f) The President of the State shall inform the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw whenever he appoints the Union Ministers. (g) The Union Ministers shall be responsible to the President of the State. 3. In connection with appointment of and assigning of duties to Deputy Ministers, (a) The President of the State shall have the right to appoint the following persons, from among Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives, who possess the following qualifications, as the Deputy Ministers to assist the Union Ministers -- (1) must be persons who have attained 35 years of age; (2) with the exception of age limit, all who possess the qualifications prescribed for Hluttaw representatives; (3) must be loyal to the State and the citizenry. (b) If the President is to appoint and assign duties to Deputy Ministers for defence, security/home affairs and border affairs, he shall obtain a list of nominations including suitable Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. (c) The President of the State shall consult with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services if he desires to appoint and assign duties to Tatmadaw members as Deputy Ministers for ministries other than defence, security/ home affairs and border affairs. (d) The President of the State, in appointing and assigning duties to Deputy Ministers, shall allocate the ministries concerned. (e) The Deputy Ministers shall be responsible to the respective Union Ministers, and, through the respective Union Ministers, to the President of the State. 4. In connection with impeachment of any Union Minister, (a) Any Union Minister shall be impeached for one of the following reasons: (1) treason; (2) violation of any provision of the Constitution; (3) misconduct; (4) being disqualified for Union Minister under the Constitution. (b) When any Union Minister is impeached, it is to proceed in accord with provisions of the Constitution regarding impeachment of the President or the Vice-President. (c) However, when the charge against any Union Minister who is impeached is maintained and the Hluttaw concerned decides that he is not fit to continue to hold office as a Union Minister and informs the President of the matter, the President shall remove the Union Minister from office. (d) If the Hluttaw concerned decides that the charge has been refuted, the okkahta of the Hluttaw shall inform the President. 5. In connection with the term of office, resignation, removal from office and replacement of Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers, (a) The term of office of Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers shall generally be the same as the term of office of the President. (b) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister desires to resign from office of his own volition due to a certain cause before the expiry of the term of office, then he shall do so only after tendering his written resignation to the President. (c) The President shall -- (1) have the right to order the resignation of a Union Minister or Deputy Minister, who has failed to discharge his duties, and can remove him from office if he fails to comply with the order; (2) coordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services and take steps if it is concerned with a Tatmadaw member Union Minister or Deputy Minister who is to be caused to resign or to be removed from office. (d) If the post of Union Minister or Deputy Minister falls vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or any cause, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign duties to a new Union Minister or Deputy Minister in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution regarding appointment of the Union Minister or Deputy Minister. The term of office of newly appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister shall be the same as the remaining term of office of the President. (e) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister is a representative of a Hluttaw, it is to be assumed that he has resigned as a Hluttaw representative from the date he is appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister. (f)(1) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister is a civil servant, then it is to be assumed that he has retired as a civil servant according to the civil service rules and regulations from the date he is appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister; (2) Tatmadaw members who have been appointed Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers for defence, security/home affairs and border affairs need not retire and resign from the Tatmadaw. (g) If the Union Minister or Deputy Minister is a member of a political party, then he shall refrain from participating in party activities during the term of office from the date he is appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister. (h) (1) When the post of the President who appointed and assigned duties to Union Ministers and [Deputy] Ministers has fallen vacant due to resignation or death or any cause before the expiry of the term of office, the Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers shall continue to perform their duties until the new President, who has been elected and replaced the vacant post, has appointed and assigned duties to new Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers; (2) The term of office of the newly appointed Union Ministers and Deputy Ministers shall be the same as the remaining term of office of the new President. (i) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of Pyidaungsu Ministers and Deputy Ministers shall be prescribed by law. [Attorney-General] 6. In connection with the term of the Attorney-General, -- it shall be called Pyidaungsu Attorney-General. 7. In connection with the appointment and assignment of duties of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General, (a) with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the State shall appoint a person, from among the Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not Hluttaw representatives, having the following qualifications, Pyidaungsu Attorney-General so as to get advice on legal matters and assign duties of a legal character: (1) having attained the age of 45 years; (2) apart from the age limit, having qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (3)(aa) who has been for at least five years a judge of the Region or State Taya Hluttaw (High Court), or (bb) who, if he is a judicial officer or a law officer, has been for at least ten years in a position not lower than region or state level, or (cc) who has been an advocate of the Taya Hluttaw (High Court) of at least 20 years standing, or (dd) who is assumed by the President to be a legal expert of prominent reputation, (4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizens, (b) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not have the right to reject the person nominated by the President to be appointed Pyidaungsu Attorney-General unless it can prove clearly that he is not qualified for being Pyidaungsu Attorney-General, (c) the President of the State has the right to submit new nomination to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in place of a person who has not been approved to be appointed and assigned duties as Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Attorney-General, (d) Pyidaungsu Attorney-General is a member of the Pyidaungsu government, (e) Pyidaungsu Attorney-General is responsible to the President of the State. 8. In connection with impeachment of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General, (a) Pyidaungsu Attorney-General shall be impeached for one of the following reasons: (1) treason, (2) violation of any of the provisions of the Constitution, (3) misconduct, (4) being disqualified for the post of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General under the Constitution. (b) if it is desired to impeach Pyidaungsu Attorney-General, it shall proceed in accordance with provisions regarding the impeachment of the President of the State or Vice-President, (c) if the respective Hluttaw submits that the charge has been sustained and the offence or the subject of the offence, is such as to render the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General unfit to continue in office, the President of the State shall terminate the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General from duties, (d) if the respective Hluttaw decides that the charge has been refuted, the Hluttaw Chairman shall report the decision to the President of the State. 9. In connection with appointment of Deputy Attorney-General -- (a) The President of the State shall appoint of his own volition a person having the following qualifications from among Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not Hluttaw representatives as Deputy Attorney-General to assist Pyidaungsu Attorney-General: (1) being a person who has completed the age of 40, (2) apart from the age limit, having qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives, (3) being a person (aa) who has been for at least five years a judge of the region or state Taya Hluttaw (High Court), or (bb) who, [if] he is a judicial personnel or a law personnel, has been at least ten years in a position not lower than region or state level, or (cc) who has been the advocate of the Taya Hluttaw (High Court) of at least 15 years standing, or (dd) who is assumed by the President to be a legal expert of prominent reputation, (4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry, (b) Deputy Attorney-General is responsible to the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and to the President of the State through the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General. 10. In connection with the term of office, resignation, termination of duties and filling the vacant post of the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General -- (a) The term of office of the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General shall generally be the same as that of the President of the State; (b) The Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General may resign of his own accord before the expiry of the term of office after submitting his resignation to the President of the State; (c) The President of the State may instruct the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General who cannot perform duties fully to resign and shall have right to remove him from office for failure to follow the instruction; (d) The President of the State shall, if the post of the Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General becomes vacant in the event of resignation, or being removed from office, or death, or any cause, appoint a new Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General in accord with the provisions under the Constitution. The remaining tenure of office of the President of the State shall be prescribed for the term of office of the new Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General; (e) If Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General is a representative of a Hluttaw, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that Hluttaw from the date he is appointed the Attorney-General or the Deputy Attorney-General; (f) If Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General is a civil servant, he shall be deemed to have retired in accord with the existing rules and regulations from the date he is appointed the Attorney-General or the Deputy Attorney-General; (g) If Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General is a member of a political party, he shall not perform the duties of that party during his tenure of office from the date he is appointed the Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General; (h) (1) When the post of the President of the State who had appointed and assigned duties to the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General falls vacant in the event of resigning, passing away or any other reason, the new President of the State who has been elected as replacement shall continue to assign duties to them, or appoint and assign duties to new Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and new Deputy Attorney-General according to the provisions of the Constitution. If so, the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General shall be allowed to continue to perform their duties up to the time when the new Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General have been appointed and assigned duties. (2) The remaining tenure of office of the President of the State shall be prescribed for the term of office of the new Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General; (i) The duties, powers and privileges of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General or Deputy Attorney-General shall be prescribed by law. 11. In connection with prescribing the status of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General, -- Pyidaungsu Attorney-General is prescribed to be of the same status as Pyidaungsu Minister and the Deputy Attorney-General is prescribed to be of the same status as Deputy Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and Deputy Attorney-General. [Auditor-General] 12. In connection with the term of the Auditor-General, -- It shall be called Pyidaungsu Auditor-General. 13. In connection with the appointment of and assignment of duties of Pyidaungsu Auditor-General, (a) with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the State shall appoint a person, from among the Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not Hluttaw representatives, having the following qualifications, Pyidaungsu Auditor-General so as to audit State Budget and report to the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw; (1) being a person who has completed the age of 45; (2) apart from the age limit, having qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (3)(aa) who has been for at least ten years an auditor of not lower than the region or state level, or (bb) who has been for at least twenty years a Registered Accountant or a Certified Public Accountant, or (cc) who is assumed by the President to be a well-known accountant, statistician or economist of good reputation, (4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizens; (b) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not have the right to reject the person nominated by the President to be appointed Pyidaungsu Auditor-General unless it can prove clearly that he is not qualified for being Pyidaungsu Auditor-General, (c) the President of the State has the right to submit new nomination to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in place of a person who has not been approved to be appointed and assigned as Pyidaungsu Auditor-General, (d) Pyidaungsu Auditor-General is responsible to the President of the State. 14. In connection with impeachment of the Auditor-General of the Union, (a) The Auditor-General of the Union may be impeached for any of the following: (1) breach of allegiance to the State, (2) violation of a provision of the Constitution, (3) moral turpitude, (4) default in qualifications of the Auditor-General of the Union, (b) If it is desired to impeach the Auditor-General of the Union, it shall be proceeded in accord with the provisions for impeachment of the President of the State or the Vice-President of the State; (c) If the Hluttaw conducting the inquiry decides and submits that the impeachment is true and that the person impeached is not fit to keep on serving as the Auditor-General of the Union, the President shall terminate that person's performance of duties as the Auditor-General of the Union; (d) If the Hluttaw conducting the inquiry decides and submits that the impeachment is false, it shall so be reported to the President of the State by the okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned. 15. In connection with the appointment of the Deputy Auditor-General, (a) The President of the State shall at own discretion appoint a person who possesses the following qualifications, from among Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives, as the Deputy Auditor-General to assist the Auditor-General of the Union: (1) person who has completed 40 years of age, (2) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives, except for the age limit, (3)(aa) person who has served at least ten years in an auditor's post not lower than Region or State level, or (bb) person who has served as Registered Accountant or Certified Public Accountant for at least 15 years, or (cc) person whom the President of the State regards as one competent in statistics, or accounting or economics with high repute, (4) person loyal to the State and the citizenry, (b) The Deputy Auditor-General shall be responsible to the Auditor-General, and through the Auditor-General to the President of the State. 16. In connection with the tenure of post, the right to resign from the post, the right to effect termination of duties, and the right to make appointments to fill vacant posts of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General etc. -- (a) The tenure of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General shall normally be the same as that of the President of the State. (b) The Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General, in the event of wishing to resign on own volition for some reason before the end of the tenure, may submit so in writing to the President of the State and do so. (c) The President of the State may order the resignation of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General who is unable to discharge the given duties fully, or, in the event of non-compliance, shall order termination of duties of the same. (d) In the event there comes about a vacancy in the post of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any other cause before the end of the tenure of post, the President of the State may appoint a new Auditor-General of the Union or Deputy Auditor-General in accord with the provisions on appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General as contained in the State Constitution. The tenure of the Auditor-General of the Union or Deputy Auditor-General shall be only for the remainder of the tenure of the President of the State. (e) In the event the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General happens to be a representative in a Hluttaw, this person shall be deemed to have resigned as a Hluttaw representative from the date of appointment as the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General. (f) In the event the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General happens to be a civil servant, this person shall be deemed to have retired as a civil servant in accord with existing service regulations from the date of appointment as the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General. (g) In the event the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General happens to be a member of a political party, this person shall not participate in Party activities of that party organization during the tenure of the post from the date of appointment as the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General. (h) (1) In the event there comes about a vacancy in the post of the President of the State who has appointed the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any other cause before the end of the tenure of office, the new President of the State elected as replacement may retain them or appoint a new Auditor-General of the Union and Deputy Auditor-General in accord with the provisions on appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General as contained in the State Constitution. In such even the President of the State may have the incumbents carry on in their posts till the new ones are appointed. (2) The tenure of the Auditor-General of the Union and Deputy Auditor-General so appointed as replacements shall be only for the remainder of the tenure of the new President of the State. (i) Duties, rights and privileges of the Auditor-General of the Union and Deputy Auditor-General shall be prescribed by law. 17. In connection with the status of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General -- -- The Auditor-General of the Union is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister, and the Deputy Auditor-General is prescribed to be of the same status as Deputy Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and privileges of the Auditor-General of the Union and Deputy Auditor-General. [Union Civil Service Board] 18. In connection with the formation of the Union Civil Service Board -- (a) The President of the State shall form the Union Civil Service Board to carry out duties of selecting and training personnel of civil service and laying down regulations of civil service. (b) The President of the State shall appoint persons who possess the following qualifications as chairman and members of the Union Civil Service Board: (1) person who is fully 50 years old, (2) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives except for the age stipulation, (3) members of the intelligentsia and intellectuals mature in experience, (4) person loyal to the State and the citizenry, (5) person who is not a member of a political party, (6) person who is not a Hluttaw representative. (c) The chairman of the Union Civil Service Board shall be responsible to the President of the State and members of the board shall be responsible through the chairman of the board to the President of the State. (d) The tenure of the chairman and members of the Union Civil Service Board shall normally be the same as that of the President of the State. (e) Formation of the Union Civil Service Board duties, rights and privileges of the chairman and members, resignation and termination of duties shall be prescribed by law. 19. In connection with the status of the chairman and members of the Union Civil Service Board, -- the chairman of the Union Civil Service Board is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and privileges of the chairman of the Union Civil Service Board. [Region or State government] 20. In connection with the terms referring to leader of Region or State and members of Region or State government, (a) the leader of Region or State shall be known as Chief Minister of the Region or State; (b) members of Region or State government shall be known as Minister of the Region or State. 21. In connection with formation of Region government or State government and appointing of the Chief Minister of Region or State, (a) Region government is formed in a Region and State government is formed in a State, (b) Region or State government is formed with the following persons: (1) Chief Minister of Region or State, (2) Ministers of Region or State, (3) Advocate-General of Region or State. (c) With the approval of Region or State Hluttaw concerned, the President of the State -- (1) may prescribe Region or State ministries as necessary, and may make changes or additions to the ministries so prescribed; (2) may prescribe the number of Region or State ministers as necessary and may decease and increase this number so prescribed, (d) Chief Minister and Ministers of Region or State shall possess the following qualifications: (1) person who is fully 35 years old, (2) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Region or State Hluttaw representatives except for the age stipulation, (3) person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry, (e) For appointment of the Chief Minister of Region or State, the President of the State shall -- (1) select a suitable Hluttaw representative who possess prescribed qualifications from among Region or State Hluttaw representatives concerned, (2) send the nomination of the selected Hluttaw representative to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned and seek its approval thereof, (f) The President of the State shall appoint the Hluttaw representative approved by Region or State Hluttaw as the Chief Minister of Region or State, (g) Region or State Hluttaw shall have no right to turn down the Hluttaw representative nominated by the President of the State for appointment as Chief Minister of the Region or State, unless it can clearly show that person does not fully possess the qualifications prescribed for the post of the Chief Minister of the Region or State, (h) The President of the State has the right to submit a new nomination to the Region or State Hluttaw in place of the person who does not get approval of the Region or State Hluttaw for appointment as the Chief Minister of Region or State. (NLM 3/30) 22. In connection with the appointment of Region or State Ministers, (a) In order to appoint Region or State Ministers, the Region or State Chief Minister shall -- (1) select suitable persons who possess prescribed qualifications from among the Region or State Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives; (2) ask a list of names of suitable Tatmadaw members from the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services to assign security and border affairs responsibilities; (3) ask the nomination of the Okkahta from the self-administered division or self-administered zone leading body in the respective region or state; (4) obtain the list of Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of national races in the respective region or state from the respective Election Commission. (b) The Region or State Chief Minister shall prepare together the list of persons he has selected and that of Tatmadaw members nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, submit them to the respective Region or State Hluttaw and seek its approval; (c) Region or State Hluttaw has no right to reject a person nominated by the Region or State Chief Minister for the appointment of Region or State Minister unless it can prove clearly the person concerned does not possess qualifications prescribed for Region or State Ministers; (d) the Region or State Chief Minister has the right to submit again the list furnished with new names replacing the one who has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw for the appointment of the Region or State Minister; (e) The Region or State Chief Minister shall submit the names approved by the Region or State Hluttaw, that of Okkahta of the self-administered division or self-administered zone and that of Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of national races for appointment as Region or State Ministers; (f) The President of the State shall appoint persons submitted by the Region or State Chief Minister as Ministers; in appointing them, he shall allocate, in consultation with the respective Region or State Chief Minister, the ministry or ministries [of] which each Region or State Minister is to take charge; (g) The President of the State shall -- (1) assign duties to the self-administered division Okkahtas or self-administered zone Okkahtas, who are Region or State Ministers, to undertake the affairs of respective self-administered division or self-administered zone; (2) assign duties to the Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of national races, who are Region or State Ministers, to undertake the affairs of the national races concerned; (h) The President of the State may exercise relaxation of stipulation on age limit in the State Constitution in appointing Region or State Ministers, the Okkahta of the self-administered division or self-administered zone or Hluttaw representatives elected to undertake the affairs of national races; (i) The President of the State, in consultation with the Prime Minister, may appoint Ministers for the self-administered division or self-administered zone and Ministers for national race affairs as Ministers concurrently in charge of other ministries as well; (j) The Region or State Chief Minister, if desirous of assigning Tatmadaw members as Region or State Ministers for other responsibilities other than security and border areas affairs responsibilities, shall coordinate with the Commander-in-Chief Defence Services, obtain the approval of the respective Region or State Hluttaw, and submit it to the President of the State; (k) The President of the State is to send intimation of the appointments of Region or State Chief Minister and Ministers to the Region or State Hluttaw and Pyidaungsu Hluttaw; (l) (1) The Region or State Chief Minister shall be responsible to the President of the State; (2) The Region or State Ministers shall be responsible to the Region or State Chief Minister concerned, and through the Chief Minister, to the President of the State; (m) The term of office of the Region or State Chief Minister and Ministers shall normally be the same as that of the President of the State. 23. In connection with impeachment of Region or State Chief Minister or any of the Ministers, (a) Region or State Chief Minister or any of the Ministers, shall be impeached for one of the following reasons: (1) treason, (2) violation of any of the provisions in the Constitution, (3) misconduct, (4) being disqualified for the post of Region or State Chief Minister or Minister under the Constitution; (b) if it is desired to impeach a Region or State Chief Minister or Minister for any of the above reasons, a proposal in writing signed by not less than one fourth of the total membership of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be submitted to the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned; (c) The Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall form an investigation commission and cause the charge to be investigated. The term pending the completion of the investigation shall be determined depending on the magnitude of the charge; (d) The Region or State Chief Minister or Minister thus charged shall have the right to appear or to be represented at the investigation of the charge and be given the chance to refute it; (e) (1) The Okkahta of the Hluttaw shall report to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned the results of the investigation submitted to him by the investigation commission by which the charge against the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister has been investigated, and then report to the President of the State if a resolution is passed, supported by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw concerned, declaring that the charge has been substantiated and that of [sic] the offence, the subject of the charge, is such as to render Region or State Chief Minister or Minister unfit to continue in office; (2) The President of the State, upon receipt of the submission, shall proceed to remove the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister who has been impeached; (3) If the Hluttaw concerned decides that the charge has been refuted, the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall report the decision to the President of the State. 24. In connection with resignation, removal from office and filling the vacated post of a Region or State Chief Minister or any of the Ministers, (a) If a Region or State Chief Minister desires to resign on his own volition or any reason before the expiry of the term of office, he shall be permitted to do so after he has submitted his letter of resignation to the President of the State. (b) The President of the State shall -- (1) instruct the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister, who is incapable of performing duties properly, to resign, and proclaim removal from office in the event of failure to comply with his instruction, (2) coordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services if the person to resign or be removed from office is the Tatmadaw member Region or State Minister nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. (c) If the post of the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister becomes vacant in the event of resignation, or being removed from office, or death or any reason, the President of the State shall take steps to fill the vacant post in accord with the provisions of the Constitution in coordination with the Region or State Hluttaw. The remaining tenure of the President of the State shall be prescribed for the term of office of the newly-pointed person. (d) (1) If the Region or State Minister is a civil servant, he shall be deemed to have retired from his position as civil servant in accordance with the existing rules and regulations from the date he is appointed the Region or State Minister; (2) Tatmadaw members who have been appointed Region or State Ministers for Security and Border Affairs of the Region or State Governments need not retire or resign from the Tatmadaw. (e) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Region or State Chief Minister and Ministers shall be prescribed by law. 25. In connection with prescribing the status of the Region or State Chief Minister and Minister, -- The Region or State Chief Minister is prescribed to be of the same status as Pyidaungsu Minister and the Region or State Minister is prescribed to be of the same status as Deputy Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Region or State Chief Minister or Minister. 26. In connection with the head of the General Administration Department of the Region or State concerned, -- The head of the General Administration Department of the Region or State concerned shall act ex officio as secretary of the government of the Region or State concerned. Moreover, the General Administration Department of the Region or State shall be the office of the government of the Region or State concerned. 27. In connection with the term referring to the Attorney-General of the Region or State, -- It shall be called Advocate-General of the Region or State. 28. In connection with the appointment of and assigning duties to Advocate-General of the Region or State, (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall get the approval of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned in appointing and assigning duties to a person, from among Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives, having the following qualifications as the Region or State Advocate-General in order to get legal advice and assign duties of a legal character and submit the matter to the President: (1) being a person who has attained the age of 40 years; (2) being a person who possesses qualifications, except for age limit, prescribed for Region or State representatives; (3)(aa) being a person who has been for at least five years a judicial officer or a law officer not lower than the Region or State level, or being a person who has been for at least ten years a judicial officer or a law officer not lower than district level, or (bb) being a person who has been an advocate of the Taya Hluttaw (High Court) of at least 15 years standing; (4) being a person loyal to the State and the citizenry. (b) The Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned shall send a nominee, after obtaining approval from the Hluttaw concerned for assignment of duties as the Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned, to the President who shall then appoint him the Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned. (c) The President has no right to reject the nominee to be appointed Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned unless in can be clearly proved that he does not fully possess qualifications prescribed for the post of the Advocate-General of the Region or State. (d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again a new list furnished with a new nominee replacing the person who has not been approved b y the Region or State Hluttaw concerned for appointment as the Advocate-General of the Region or State concerned. (e) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is member of the government of the Region or State. (f) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, to the Pyidaungsu Attorney-General and to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned. (g) If there arises a cause to impeach the Advocate-General of the Region or State, it shall be proceeded in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution regarding impeachment of the Chief Minister or a Minister. (h) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is subject to provisions of the Constitution prescribed for the Chief Minister of the Region or State or Ministers concerning resignation, termination from duty, filling the vacant post and deeming a person to have retired in case of being a civil service personnel. (i) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Advocate-General of the Region or State shall be prescribed by law. 29. In connection with prescribing the status of the Advocate-General of the Region or State, -- The Advocate-General of the Region or State is prescribed to be of the same status as the Region or State Minister for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Advocate-General of the Region or State. 30. In connection with the term regarding the Auditor-General of the Region or State, -- It shall be called the Auditor-General of the Region or State. 31. In connection with appointment of and assignment of the Auditor-General of the Region or State, (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall select a person from among Hluttaw representatives or non-Hluttaw representatives who possesses the following qualifications for appointment of and assigning duties to the Auditor-General of the Region or State concerned to be able to audit the Region or State budget and submit it to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned, obtain approval of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned and report the nomination to the President: (1) being a person who has completed the age of 40; (2) with the exception of age limit, being a person who has qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives; (3)(aa) being a person who has been for at least five years an auditor not lower than Region or State level, or who has been for at least ten years an auditor not lower than district level, or (bb) being a person who has been for at least 15 years a Registered Accountant or a Certified Public Accountant; (4) being a person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry. (b) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall send a nominee, after obtaining approval from the Hluttaw concerned for assignment of duties as the Auditor-General of the Region or State concerned, to the President who shall then appoint the person the Auditor-General of the Region or State concerned. (c) The President has no right to reject the nominee to be appointed Auditor-General of the Region or State concerned unless it can be clearly proved that he does not fully possess qualifications prescribed for the post of the Auditor-General of the Region or State. (d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again a new list furnished with a new nominee replacing the person who has not been approved by the Region or State concerned for appointment as the Auditor-General of the Region or State concerned. (e) The Auditor-General of the Region or State is responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, to the Pyidaungsu Auditor-General and to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned. (f) If there arises a cause to impeach the Auditor-General of the Region or State, it shall be proceeded in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution regarding impeachment of the Chief Minister of the Region or State or a Minister. (g) The Auditor-General of the Region or State is subject to the provisions of the Constitution prescribed for the Chief Minister or Ministers concerning resignation, termination from duty, filling the vacant post and deeming the person to have retired in case of being a civil service personnel. (h) Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Auditor-General of the Region or State shall be prescribed by law. 32. In connection with prescribing the status of the Auditor-General of the Region or State, -- The Auditor-General of the Region or State is prescribed to be of the same status as the Region or State Minister for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Auditor-General of the Region or State. [Self-administered areas] 33. In connection with the term referring to the administrative body of the self-administered division or self-administered zone, -- The administrative body of the self-administered division or self-administered zone shall be called the oo-zi aphwe (leading body) of the self-administered division or oo-zi aphwe (leading body) of the self-administered zone. 34. In connection with the formation of the self-administered division leading body and the self-administered zone leading body, (a) Being self-administered areas, self-administered divisions and self-administered zones are of equal status; (b) There are self-administered division leading bodies and self-administered zone leading bodies formed in the self-administered divisions and the self-administered zones respectively. The leading bodies exercise legislative power vested in them under the Constitution. (c) There shall include at least 10 members in the self-administered division leading body or the self-administered zone leading body. (d) The self-administered division leading body or the self-administered zone leading body shall be constituted with the following persons: (1) Region or State Hluttaw representatives elected from townships in the self-administered division or the self-administered zone concerned; (2) Tatmadaw member representatives nominated according to law by the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services in order to assign duties regarding security or border affairs; (3) additional representatives chosen and assigned by persons stated in sub-paragraphs (1) and (2). (e) Members of the self-administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body stated in above paragraph (d)(1) and (2) are to choose, after consultations among themselves, a suitable person as the self-administered division Okkahta or self-administered zone Okkahta out of the region or state Hluttaw representatives elected from the townships in the self-administered division or self-administered zone. The person thus chosen is to be submitted to the President of the State through the respective Region or State Chief Minister. (f) The President of the State is to appoint the person in the nomination submitted as the Okkahta of the respective self-administered division or self-administered zone. (g) The Okkahta of the self-administered division or self-administered zone is Minister in the Region or State concerned. As such, provisions in the Constitution applying to the Ministers of the Region or State will also apply to the self-administered division Okkahta or self-administered zone Okkahta. (h) The Okkahta of the self-administered division or self-administered zone and members of the leading body concerned shall -- (1) choose one representative for each national race, if there is any, the population of which is upwards of at least 10,000, residing in the self-administered division or self-administered zone as leading committee member with the exception of national races who have already got regions or states of their own. The person chosen and appointed as leading committee member shall possess qualifications prescribed for Region or State Hluttaw representatives. (2) choose suitable persons as members from among those residing in the self-administered division or self-administered zone concerned, who possess qualifications prescribed for Region or State Hluttaw representatives, if the membership is not up to ten in the self-administered division leading body or the self-administered zone leading body concerned so that membership will become at least ten. (i) The Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services shall assign as necessary one fourth of the total membership with Tatmadaw members in the self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies. (j) Tatmadaw members nominated according to law by the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services to be assigned as members of the self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall possess qualifications of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives. (k) (1) The Okkahta of the respective self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall announce the names of the members of the self-administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body. (2) The Okkahta of the self-administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body shall be responsible to the respective Region or State Chief Minister, and through the Chief Minister to the President of the State. (3) Members of the self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall be responsible to the Okkahta. (4) The term of office, taking action, resignation, removal from duty, termination of duty and filling up vacant posts of the Okkahta and members of the self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall be prescribed by law. (l) Duties, rights and privileges of the Okkahta and members of the self-administered division leading bodies or self-administered zone leading bodies shall be prescribed by law. (m) The head of General Administrative Department in the respective self-administered division or self-administered zone shall serve as secretary of the self-administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body. Moreover, the General Administrative Department in the self-administered division or self-administered zone shall be the office of the self-administered division leading body or self-administered zone leading body. (n) In place of the clause "The State shall form a commission to undertake matters included in abovementioned Paragraph (d) Sub-paragraph (5) and (6), Paragraph (g) Sub-paragraph (5) and this Paragraph Sub-paragraph (4), the following shall be substituted "The National Convention shall forthwith carry out matters included in above-mentioned Paragraph (d) Sub-paragraphs (5) and (6), Paragraph (g) Sub-paragraph (5) and this Paragraph Sub-paragraph (4)." [Yangon City Union Territory] 35. In connection with administration of Yangon City that is Union territory, (a) Yangon City, that is Union territory, shall include all districts and townships within Yangon city development limits that exist on the day this Constitution comes into force. (b) The President of the State may, as necessary, effect changes in demarcation of districts and townships in Yangon City that is Union territory. (c) The President of the State -- (1) shall constitute a Yangon City Council; (2) shall appoint persons who possess prescribed qualifications as chairman and members of Yangon City Council; (3) shall obtain from the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services a nomination of suitable Tatmadaw member or members who possess prescribed qualifications for appointment as Council member or members for coordination of matters of security of Yangon City that is Union territory. (4) may, as necessary, prescribe, in accord with law, the number of members, including the chairman, to serve on Yangon City Council. (d) The chairman and members of Yangon City Council shall possess the following qualifications: (1) person fully 35 years old; (2) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives except for the age stipulation; (3) person who possesses other qualifications prescribed by the President of the State; (e) The chairman of the Yangon City Council shall be responsible to the President of the State; members shall be responsible to the chairman of Yangon City Council and through the latter to the President of the State. (f) In connection with tenure, right to resign, termination of duties, and appointment to fill vacant posts of the chairman and members of Yangon City Council, (1) The tenure of the chairman and members of Yangon City Council shall normally be the same as that of the President of the State; (2) The chairman or member of Yangon City Council, in the event of wishing to resign of own volition for some reason before the end of the tenure, may submit so in writing to the President of the State and do so; (3) The President of the State -- (aa) may order the resignation of the chairman or a member of the Yangon City Council who is unable to discharge the given duties fully or, in the event of non-compliance, shall order termination of the duties of the same, (bb) shall act in coordination with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services in the case of a Tatmadaw member who is a member of the Yangon City Council that is to resign or is going to get termination of duties. (4) In the even there comes about a vacancy in the post of the chairman or a member of Yangon City Council due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any other cause, the President of the State may appoint a new chairman or member of Yangon City Council in accord with the provisions of the State Constitution. The tenure of the new chairman or member of Yangon City Council shall be only for the remainder of the tenure of the President of the State. (g) In the event the chairman or member of Yangon City Council happens to be a representative in a Hluttaw, this person shall be deemed to have resigned as a Hluttaw representatives from the date of appointment as the chairman or member of Yangon City Council. (h) In the event the chairman or member of Yangon City Council happens to be a civil servant, this person shall be deemed to have retired or resigned as a civil servant in accord with existing service regulations from the date of appointment as the chairman or member of Yangon City Council. (i) Tatmadaw member or members who are appointed member or members of Yangon City Council for coordination of matters of security of Yangon City need not retire or resign from the Tatmadaw. (j) In the event the chairman or member of Yangon City Council happens to be a member of a political party, this person shall not participate in party activities of that party organization during the tenure of the post from the date of appointment as the chairman or member of Yangon City Council. (k) Formation of Yangon City Council, duties, rights and privileges of the chairman and members of Yangon City Council shall be prescribed by law. (l) The head of General Administration Department of Yangon City is the secretary of Yangon City Council. General Administrative Department of Yangon City is the office of Yangon City Council. 36. In connection with prescribing of status of chairman and members of Yangon City Council, -- The chairman of Yangon City Council is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister, for purposes of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and privileges of the chairman and members of Yangon City Council. [Coco Island Union Territory] 37. In connection with administration of Coco Island township that is Union territory, -- administration of Coco Island township that is Union territory shall be carried out in coordination with administration of Yangon City that is Union territory. [Districts and Townships] 38. In connection with administration at district and township level, -- administration at district and township level shall be carried out, assigned to State service personnel. [Wards and Village Tracts] 39. In connection with administration at ward or village-tract level, -- administration at ward or village tract level shall be carried out, assigned in accord with law, to a person of integrity respected by the community. With this I conclude my presentation on formation in executive matters. (NLM 3/31) :Chapter on The Judiciary Mar. 30: The Plenary Session of the National Convention continued, with 517 of 586 delegates present. Reading of the papers on the three chapters, Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary, continued. A closing address was given by Chairman Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt of the National Convention Convening Commission [full text below], and adjourned the session -- no reconvening date specified. (NLM 3/31) Chairman U Aung Toe of the National Convention Convening Work Committee "presented the detailed principles laid down to serve as basis in formation of 'The Judiciary' to be included in writing the State Constitution to the National Convention.... [full text]: [Judicial power] 1. In connection with the distribution of judicial powers of the State, The judicial power of the State is distributed-- (a) in accordance with the State Constitution or by other laws, among the Supreme Court of the Union, High Courts of the Regions, High Courts of the States, Courts of the self-administered divisions, Courts of the self-administered zones, District Courts, Township Courts, other courts constituted by law and judges appointed in accordance with law, (b) in accordance with the State Constitution or by other laws, among Courts Martial, (c) in accordance with the State Constitution, to the Constitutional Tribunal. 2. In connection with the constitution of the Supreme Court of the Union, (a) In the State is constituted one Supreme Court of the Union. The Supreme Court of the Union is the supreme law court of the State which shall not affect judicial powers vested in the Constitutional Tribunal and Courts Martial. (b) (1) The head of the Supreme Court of the Union shall be called Chief Justice of the Union; (2) In the Supreme Court of the Union, judges of the Supreme Court of the Union including the Chief Justice of the Union shall be appointed from a minimum number of seven to maximum 11. (c) (1) The President of the State shall submit the nomination of person suitable to be appointed as the Chief Justice of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and seek the approval of it. (2) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not have the right to reject the persons nominated by the President for appointment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union [sic-- should probably read Chief Justice of the Union] unless it can clearly prove that the persons do not meet the qualifications for the post prescribed in the Constitution. (3) The President of the State has the right to submit again the list furnished with new name replacing the one who has not been approved by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the appointment of the Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union [sic--should probably read Chief Justice of the Union]. (4) The President of the State shall appoint the person who has been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the Union. (d) (1) The President of the State, in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Union, shall submit the nomination of persons suitable to be appointed as the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and seek the approval of it. (2) Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right to reject persons nominated by the President of the State for the appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union unless it can prove clearly the persons do not possess qualifications prescribed for Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union in the Constitution. (3) The President of the State has the right to submit again the list furnished with new name replacing the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the appointment of a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union. (4) The President of the State shall appoint persons approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union. 3. In connection with qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union shall -- (a) be not younger than 50 years and not older than 79; (b) possess qualifications, except for age limit, prescribed for Hluttaw representatives; (c) (1) have been for at least five years as a judge of the High Court of a region or state, or (2) have been a judicial officer or law officer for at least ten years not lower than region or state level, or (3) have been an advocate of a High court of at least 20 years' standing, (4) have been assumed by the President to be a legal expert of prominent reputation. (d) be loyal to the State and the citizenry; (e) not be a member of a political party; (f) not be a Hluttaw representative. 4. In connection with the powers to be vested in the President of the State, (a) The President of the State shall impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union for any of the following reasons, (1) treason, (2) violation of any of the provisions of the Constitution, (3) misconduct, (4) being disqualified for the post of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union under the Constitution. (b) If it is desired to impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union, the President of the State shall submit the charge to the Nakaya of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. (c) The Nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall form an investigation commission and cause the charge to be investigated according to law. (d) In forming the investigation commission, equal number of representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be included and a suitable person out of the commission members shall be appointed as chairman of the investigation commission. (e) The term pending the completion of the investigation shall be determined depending on the magnitude of the charge. (f) The President of the State may explain the charge made by him before the investigation commission personally or through a representative. He has the right to submit evidence and witnesses. (g) The person thus charged shall have the right to appear or to be represented at the investigation of the charge and be given the chance to refute it. (h) The Nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall report to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw the findings of the investigation commission. (i) If a decision is passed, supported by two-thirds of the total membership of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, declaring that the charge has been substantiated and the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union thus charged is such as to render him unfit to continue in office, the Nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall report the decision to the President of the State. (j) The President of the State [shall] then proceed to remove the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union who has been impeached. (k) If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw decides that the charge has been refuted, the Nayaka of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall report the decision to the President of the State. 5. In connection with the impeachment of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union, (a) The Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union shall be impeached for any of the following: (1) breach of allegiance to the State, (2) violation of any of the provisions of the Constitution, (3) moral turpitude, (4) being disqualified for the post of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union under the Constitution. (b) If it is desired to impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union, it shall be done so in accord with the provisions of the Constitution regarding the impeachment of the President or Vice-President of the State. (c) However, if the Hluttaw concerned submits report that the charge has been substantiated and the offence, the subject of the charge, is such as to render the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union unfit to continue in office, the President of the State shall proceed to proclaim the removal of the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union. (d) If the Hluttaw concerned decides that the charge has been refuted, the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall report the decision to the President of the State. 6. In connection with the term of office of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, The Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union are to hold office up to the age of 70 unless asked to resign by the President of the State or removed from office, or until one of the following occurs: (a) resignation of own accord; (b) being removed from office after impeachment in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution; (c) permanent disability due to either physical or mental defects shown by medical board of examinations prescribed by law, or any other cause rendering them unfit to carry on duties; (d) death. 7. In connection with the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union having to be free from party politics and retiring from civil service, (a) the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union must be free from party politics; (b) the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, if he happens to be a civil servant, must be deemed to have retired from civil service in accord with existing service regulations from the date of appointment as the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union. 8. In connection with duties, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, -- duties, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union shall be prescribed by law. 9. In connection with the status of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, -- The Chief Justice of the Union is prescribed to be of the same status as the Vice-President and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union are prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister, for the purpose of reference in prescribing by law duties, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union. [Region or State High Courts] 10. In connection with formation of High Courts of Region or State, (a) there is a High Court of the Region in every Region, and a High Court of the State in every State. (b) (1) The leader of High Court of the Region or High Court of the State shall be known as Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or Chief Justice of the High Court of the State. (2) In a High Court of the Region or High Court of the State, a minimum of three and a maximum of seven Judges of the High Court of the Region or the High Court of the State, inclusive of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or Chief Justice of the High Court of the State, may be appointed. (c) (1) The President of the State, in coordination with the Chief Justice of the Union and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, shall prepare a nomination of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State, and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, in coordination with the Chief Justice of the Union, shall prepare a nomination of the Judges of the High Court of the Region or State concerned, and they shall send them to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned. (2) Region or State Hluttaw concerned shall not have the right to reject the person nominated by the President of the State in coordination with the Chief Justice of the Union and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, to be appointed Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State, or the persons nominated by the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, in coordination with the Chief Justice of the Union, to be appointed Judges of the High Court of the Region or State concerned, unless it can prove clearly that the person or persons do not fully possess qualifications prescribed for the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or State as contained in the Constitution. (3) There is right to present new nomination as prescribed in place of persons rejected in Sub-Paragraph 2 above. (4) The President of the State shall appoint persons approved by Region or State Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or State. 11. In connection with the qualifications of the Chief Justice of High Court of Region or State or Judges of the High Court of Region or State, -- the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and Judges of the High Court of Region or State shall possess the following qualifications: (a) person not younger than 45 and not older than 65 years of age; (b) person who possesses qualifications prescribed for Region or State Hluttaw representatives except for the age stipulation; (c) (1) person who has served at least five year as judicial service personnel or law service personnel of not lower than Region or State level or at least ten years as judicial service personnel or law service personnel of not lower than district level, or (2) person who has service as advocate for 15 years, or (3) person whom the President of the State regards as one of high repute as learned in law. (d) person loyal to the State and to the citizenry; (e) person who is not a member of a political party; (f) person who is not Hluttaw representative. 12. In connection with empowering the President of the State and the Chief Minister of Region or State, (a) The President of the State may impeach the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State, and the Chief Minister of Region or State may impeach a Judge of the High Court of Region or State, for any of the following: (1) breach of allegiance to the State, (2) breach of a provision of the Constitution, (3) moral turpitude, (4) losing qualifications prescribed for the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State or Judges of the High Court of the Region or State. (b) In the event the President of the State wishes to impeach the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State, or the Chief Minister of Region or State wishes to impeach a Judge of the High Court of Region or State, he shall send the impeachment to the Region or State Hluttaw Okkahta. (c) Region or State Hluttaw shall form an inquiry committee and have it conduct inquiries in accord with law. (d) The inquiry committee shall be formed with Region or State Hluttaw representatives, and a suitable one from among them shall be appointed chairman of the inquiry committee. (e) The time allowed to conduct and complete the inquiry shall also be prescribed, with due consideration of the volume of work involved in the inquiry. (f) The President of the State or the Chief Minister of Region or State may, in person or through a representative, explain the impeachment before the inquiry committee, and has also the right to produce evidence and witnesses. (g) The person impeached shall be given the right of self-defence, in person or through a representative, in the inquiry. (h) The Okkahta of the Region or State Hluttaw shall report to the Region or State Hluttaw on the results of the investigation on the charge submitted to him by the investigation committee. (i) If it is decided that the charge is correct and that the Chief Justice or Judge of the High Court of the Region or State is not fit to continue in office, then it is to be supported by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw of the Region or State and the Okkahta of the Hluttaw shall submit the matter to the President if it is the case of the Chief Justice of High Court of the Region or State and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of a judge of the High Court of the Region or State. The Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, on receiving the report, shall submit it to the President. (j) The President, on receiving the report, shall order the removal from office of the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State. (k) If the Hluttaw of the Region or State concerned decides that the charge against the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State has been refuted, the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall report the decision to the President if it is the case of the Chief Justice of High Court of the Region or State and to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of the judge of High Court of the Region or State. 13. In connection with impeachment of the Chief Justice or any of judges of High Court of Region or State, (a) The Chief Justice or a judge of the High Court of Region or State shall be impeached for any of the following: (1) treason, (2) violation of any of the provisions of the Constitution, (3) misconduct, (4) being disqualified for the post of Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State as prescribed in the Constitution. (b) If there arises a cause to impeach a Chief Justice or a judge of the High Court of a Region or State fro any of the above offences, a proposal in writing signed by not less than one-fourth of the total membership of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be submitted to the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned. (c) The Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall cause the charge to be investigated by a committee. The term pending the completion of the investigation shall be determined depending on the magnitude of the charge. (d) The Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of the Region or State who is charged shall have the right to appear or to be represented at the investigation of the charge and given the chance to refute. (e) The finding made by the investigation committee on the charge made by the Region or State Hluttaw against the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of a Region or State shall be submitted to the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned. If a resolution is passed, supported by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw concerned, deciding that the charge is such as to render the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of the Region or State unfit to continue in office, the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall submit the decision to the President if it is the case of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of a judge of the High Court of the Region or State. The Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, on receiving the report, shall submit it to the President. (f) The President, on receiving the reports, shall order the removal from office of the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of Region or State. (g) If the Hluttaw of the Region or State concerned decides that the charge against the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of the Region or State has been refuted, the Okkahta of the Hluttaw concerned shall submit the decision to the President if it is the case of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Region or State and to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned if it is the case of a judge of the High Court of Region or State. 14. In connection with term of office of the Chief Justice or judge of the High Court of the Region or State, -- the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall have the right to serve till they are fully 65 years of age if there does not arise any of the following reasons: (a) voluntary resignation, (b) termination of service after impeachment in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, (c) becoming unfit to continue service for permanent disability due to physical or mental impairment as certified by the medical board prescribed by law, (d) death. 15. In connection with the need for the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State to be free of party politics and to retire from civil service, (a) the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall be free of party politics; (b) the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State, if they happen to be civil servants, shall be considered as having retired from civil service in accordance with existing civil service regulations from the date they are appointed the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State. 16. In connection with responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State, -- Responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall be prescribed by law. 17. In connection with the status of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State, -- The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State is prescribed to be of the same status as Union Minister and the judge of the High Court of the Region or State is prescribed to be of the same status as Deputy Minister for the purpose of reference on prescribing by law responsibilities, rights and privileges of the Chief Justice or judges of the High Court of the Region or State. [Lower courts] 18. In connection with formation of various levels of courts under the High Court of the Region or State, Under the High Court of the Region or State, there are the following levels of courts: (a) if there is no self-administered area in the Region or State, (1) district courts, (2) township courts; (b) if there is self-administered area in the Region or State, (1) in the self-administered division, (aa) court of the self-administered division, (bb) township courts; (2) in the self-administered zone, (aa) court of the self-administered zone, (bb) township courts; (3) in other areas, (aa) district courts, (bb) township courts; (c) in the Union territory, (1) district courts, (2) township courts; (d) other courts set up by law. 19. In connection with appointment of judges, giving them judicial powers, prescribing their duties, rights and privileges and formation of service organizations at these courts and their duties, rights and privileges, (a) appointing judges at various levels of courts under the High Court of the Region or State, giving them judicial powers and prescribing their duties, rights and privileges shall be in accordance with law; (b) forming service organizations comprising officers and other ranks at the Supreme Court of the Union, High Courts of Regions or States and other courts and prescribing duties, rights and privileges of service personnel in them shall be in accordance with law. With this, I conclude laying down detailed basic principles to serve as basis in the formation of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. (NLM 4/1) :Closing Address Mar. 30: In adjourning the Plenary Session of the National Convention to an unspecified date, Chairman Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt of the National Convention Convening Commission said [full text]: Esteemed delegates of the National Convention, I extend my best wishes to the delegates to be able to work with peace of mind, fully in all aspects, in the national political task of contributing suggestions to get most complete and appropriate basic principles to serve in writing the State Constitution that is of vital importance to the State and all the citizenry. Because of weaknesses and flaws in the State Constitution of 1947 that had existed in our Myanmar Naing-Ngan, solidarity of the national races had deteriorated to near disintegration. Just as the cause of such weaknesses and flaws in the Constitution was not fee of influence of British colonialists who enslaved, oppressed and rules us at one time, one other reason was that it had to be written in haste, not with due thorough consideration and deliberation. The writing of the State Constitution of 1974, was systematic, with time given for it, but after 14 years thence, there emerged about [sic] economic difficulties for Myanmar Naing-Ngan, as they did for the world at large, and weaknesses of the centrally-controlled economic system became evident. In the political system, too, the country did not develop as much as expected under the single-party leadership, and so the people became tired of the single-party system. Consequently, there came about political and economic change, and along with it ended the essence of the Constitution of 1974. Now, the government of the State Law and Order Restoration Council is striving its utmost to promote the basic interests of the citizen and the State. The most basic aspiration of the people is for their life to be fully peaceful and pleasant and for the nation inclusive of themselves to achieve marked economic development and become a developed modern State in good time. Delegates know that the State Law and Order Restoration Council is endeavouring to practically fulfil the basic wishes of the people for peace, tranquillity and development. In doing so, it is proceeding, not without plan, groping like sinking the bait where the fish seems evident, but on the contrary with due foresight and a definite programme, prominently laying down the 12 objectives and striving resolutely for their realization. If we look at the four political objectives, namely, -- Stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity, prevalence of law and order, -- National reconsolidation, -- Emergence of a new enduring State Constitution, -- Building of a new modern developed nation in accord with the new State Constitution. The very basis is the stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity, and prevalence of law and order. The Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services himself noted the significance of this point in his address at Annawa Yeiktha in Thandwe on 9 March. He said: "Priority has been given especially to stabilising the unstable situation in the country. Any political, economic, social or development undertaking cannot be implemented without peace and tranquillity in the country. "Nation-building and development tasks are now being implemented in a steady course as priority has been given to restoring peace and stability in the nation of three to four years. "Stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order are most essential in nation building. "However, there are internal and external elements who are marring a stable, peaceful and developing condition in the country. The entire mass of the people must ostracize, oppose and remove such destructionist elements in the interests of the nation and the people. "It is the inborn duty of every citizen to ostracize, oppose and remove the enemies of the State. "As the State becomes stable and peaceful, there remain many tasks to establish a new era or system." Esteemed delegates to the National Convention, The most vital political programme of all the national peoples in Myanmar today is accomplishments of these four political objectives. Just as stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity, prevalence of law and order are being restored, national consolidation is being forged. The achievement of this objective is significant in Myanmar history. The third political objective directly concerns us. As drastic changes are being affected in political and economic systems in Myanmar, it is imperative that there must be an enduring Constitution that is in harmony with the changed political and economic systems and capable of properly guiding and controlling these political and economic systems. With lessons taken from events of the past, and with vigil kept against the danger from reactionary elements subservient to colonialism and imperialism and subscribing to sectarianism, as is being seen and heard today, endeavours must be made to bring about a situation where only the people of our country can determine all their affairs in the future State that is truly free from any dependence and free from any stunting eclipse. So it is necessary for all the delegates to carry on with tenacity and courage to obtain necessary detailed basic principles without losing sight of the 104 basic principles that is the fruit of the National Convention presently. Today, detailed basic principles on the formation of the fourth, fifth and sixth out of 15 chapter headings, namely, "The Legislative", "The Executive" and "The Judiciary" are now in hand. Discussions will continue and suggestions are to be forwarded on the rights and powers to be exercised at the Union level and Region/State level in connection with these three headings. This part, too, is important. How are rights and powers to be distributed among and exercised by the Union and the Regions/States? It will be necessary to realistically consider and lay down principles to see that legislative, executive and judicial powers are smoothly, properly and harmoniously exercised. As this part is also important, it is necessary to obtain most suitable detailed basic principles after consideration in all aspects so that there exist no weaknesses and flaws and no confusion in exercise of the three powers. Esteemed delegates to the National Convention, The principal duty of our National Convention is laying down the basic principles; the National Convention Convening Commission and the National Convention Convening Work Committee will have to continue to study and conduct research from all angles to obtain good and enduring basic principles for the State. National Convention delegates are urged to make studies when the National Convention is in recess. Hence, the National Convention will be in recess beginning 31 March 1996. In the meantime, the National Convention Convening Commission and the National Convention Convening Work Committee are to make thorough and extensive studies to obtain detailed basic principles on the rights and powers of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. Therefore, the National Convention will be reconvened after due study and preparations in connection with those detailed basic principles. We will meet you, all delegates, in good health on the date announced for reconvening the National Convention. With this, I conclude. (NLM 3/31) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls [The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Details of the meetings are rarely reported. Ambassadors generally accompany foreign visitors from their countries on official calls, and their presence is generally not noticed in this Summary. Newly arrived and departing Ambassadors generally make the rounds of Cabinet Ministers and other leading officials.] Mar. 1: Indonesian Ambassador Mochamad Sanoesi, who has completed his tour of duties in Myanmar, called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 4: Malaysian Ambassador Dato Abdul Wahab bin Harun called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 3/5) Mar. 5: Japanese Ambassador Yoichi Yamaguchi called on Minister for Information Maj-Gen. Aye Kyaw. (NLM 3/6) Mar. 7: The Japanese Ambassador called on Attorney-General U Tha Tun. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 11: Chinese Ambassador Mrs. Chen Baoliu called on Deputy Minister for Labour U Kyaw Aye. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 15: Korean Ambassador Kyung Bo Choi called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 19: Japanese Ambassador Yoichi Yamaguchi called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung. Korean Ambassador Kyung Bo Choi called on Minister for Communications, Posts & Telegraphs U Soe Tha. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 21: Indonesian Ambassador Mochamad Sanoesi, who has completed his tour of duties, called on Minister for Industry-2 Maj-Gen. Kyaw Than, and on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung. Chinese Ambassador Mrs. Chen Baoliu called on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 22: Korean Ambassador Kyung Bo Choi called on Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. British Ambassador Robert Anthony Eagelson Gordon (OBE), and Japanese Ambassador Yoichi Yamaguchi, called on Minister for Industry-2 Maj-Gen. Kyaw Than. (NLM 3/23) Mar. 25: Korean Ambassador Kyung Bo Choi called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Maj-Gen. Soe Myint. (NLM 3/26) Mar. 26: The Korean Ambassador called on Attorney-General U Tha Tun, on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba, on Minister for Immigration and Population Lt-Gen. Maung Hla, and on Minister at the Deputy Prime Minister's Office U Khin Maung Yin. (NLM 3/27) Mar. 28: The Korean Ambassador called on Minister at the Prime Minister's Office U Than Shwe. (NLM 3/29) Mar. 29: New Zealand Charge d'Affaires Mr. Richard Mann called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. Korean Ambassador Kyung Bo Choi called on Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin. Malaysian Ambassador Dato Abdul Wahab bin Harun called on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. (NLM 3/30) New Ambassadors to Myanmar Mar. 14: Mr Kyung Bo Choi presented credentials to SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe as new Ambassador of the Republic of Korea to Myanmar. (NLM 3/15) New Myanmar Ambassadors Mar. 30: U Tint Lwin, new Myanmar Ambassador to Bangladesh, left for Dhaka. (NLM 3/31) Diplomatic Tour Mar. 2: Dean of the Diplomatic Corps Russian Ambassador and Mrs. Valeri V. Nazarov, and a group of "diplomats, resident representatives of UN agencies and wives visited southern Shan State and Mandalay Division from 28 February to yesterday. Stops included Lashio, PyinOoLwin, Mandalay, and Amarapura. (NLM 3/3) Chinese Women's Day Message Mar. 7: Chinese Ambassador Mme. Chen Baoliu issued a message on International Women's Day addressed to "Dear 'Pauk Phaw' sisters of Myanmar" [full text in NLM], in which she reported on Chinese implementation of the Declaration and Action Platform adopted in Beijing at the World Conference on Women, in the following areas: (1) Women's Action for Eliminating the Poverty; (2) Women's Action for the Career Work; (3) Women's Action for fighting Illiteracy; (4) Women's Action for Accomplishment; (5) Women's Action for Civilised Behavior. (NLM 3/8) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Joint Workshops & Seminars Mar. 2: The Workshop on Future Programme and Planning of Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association for 1996-97 opened, with speakers including Prof. Dr. Daw Kyu Kyu Swe, Mr. Philip Wan of UNESCO, Mr. Steve Thorne of Save the Children Fund (UK), Dr. Tin Myaing Thein of Save the Children (USA), and Mr. David Chandler of World Vision International (Myanmar). (NLM 3/3) Mar. 5: A two-day Seminar on Securities Market jointly sponsored by Myanmar Economic Bank and by Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd., opened, and was addressed by Governor U Kyi Aye of the Central Bank of Myanmar. 32 MEB employees are taking part. (NLM 3/6) Mar. 7: Golden Opportunities in Myanmar -- Myanmar Investment Forum 1996, co-sponsored by the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development and Asia Pacific Forum, a branch of Benn Pacific Association Ltd. of Hong Kong, was held, attended by officials and representatives of foreign companies. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 11: A Seminar on Myanmar Education Project With Computer Technology, co-sponsored by Capital Mac Centre (Myanmar) and Apple Computer Asia opened at the International Business Centre, and was addressed by Minister for Education U Pan Aung. SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt and other officials were present. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 11: A 2-day Seminar in Correspondent Banking, co-sponsored by the Central Bank of Myanmar and ABN-AMRO Bank of Netherlands opened, and was addressed by Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. 45 participants from state and private banks are attending. (NLM 3/ 12) Mar. 14: A two-day Myanmar Business Roundtable, cosponsored by the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development and DataConsult Ltd. (Indochina branch, Thailand). 135 "delegates of international business organizations and officials of seven ministries" are attending. (NLM 3/15) // Mar. 16: A dinner to celebrate the Roundtable was given, hosted by the President of Peregrine Capital Myanmar Ltd. Speakers included Director Mr. Christopher F. Bruton of DataConsult Ltd. and Managing Director Mr. Rajan K. Pillai. (NLM 3/17) Mar. 15: A two-day Seminar on "Towards Sustainable Aquaculture Development", co-sponsored by the Myanmar Fisheries Association, represented by Chairman U Tin Maw Thein, and the ECODEV Group. Papers were given by U Win Myo Thu of ECODEV on The Need of Environmental Aspects, U Ohn of FREDA on Last Frontier of Myanmar Mangrove Forest and Importance of its Ecosystem, and U Tin Maung Than of MFA & ECODEV on Environmental Impact of Shrimp Farming. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 18: The Seminar on Forestry Management 1996, with attendance from the Forestry Ministry, FAO, Japanese aid organizations, etc., opened with a speech by Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. Various papers were presented. (NLM 3/19) Mar. 19: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt attended a Seminar on Information Technology in Myanmar, jointly sponsored by Horizon Technologies, NCS, and IBM, at Dagon Hall in the Summit Parkview Hotel. Also attending were Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, Minister at the SLORC Chairman's Office Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win and others. Chairman Lt-Gen. Ng Jui Ping (Retd) of Horizon Technologies Group opened the session, with talks on their businesses in Singapore also given by NCS and IBM Company officials. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 22: A Seminar on International Banking Business, co-sponsored by the Central Bank of Myanmar and the Krung Thai Bank Public Co. Ltd. opened, and was addressed by Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. 30 public and private bank employees "dealing with foreign exchange" participated. (NLM 3/23) Regional and Border Cooperation Mar. 5: The Bay of Bengal Aviation Control Board held its ninth meeting at the Civil Aviation Training Institute, and was addressed by Director-General U Tin Aye of the Department of Civil Aviation and Mr. T.V. Janson of the ICAO Asia and Pacific Region. Delegates from Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and three international aviation transport organizations are participating in the five day session. (NLM 3/6) Social and Economic Cooperation Mar. 14: Japanese Ambassador Yoichi Kamaguchi and Director-General Dr. Hla Myint of the Health Department signed an agreement under which Japan will provide medical equipment worth $94,500 to the Yangon Infectious Diseases Hospital. (NLM 3/14) Donations from Abroad [We report here donations apparently from foreign sources, except for those incidental to visits reported elsewhere. We do not normally report the numerous articles on Burmese donations to government, religious, and social organizations and charities.] Mar. 1: Former German Ambassador Dr. Baron Walther von Marschall and party donated medicines worth $ 311 to the Children's Hospital. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 4: Managing Director Mr. Peter Percell and wife of Dragon Properties Ltd. of Singapore donated six yachts (3 420 class, 3 Optimist) worth $35,000 to the Myanmar Yachting Federation. (NLM 3/5) Mar. 6: The Daewoo Women's Association in Myanmar donated K 200,000 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 6: Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn donated 15 varieties of seed, weighing 1.03 tons, to primary schools under the Rural Primary Education Project conducted by the Ministry of Education, UNDP, and UNESCO. Thai Ambassador Poksak Nilubol made the presentation on her behalf. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 7: Chairman Mr. Takuma Yamato of Fujitsu Ltd. of Japan donated 100 computers to the Ministry of Education and other ministries. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 7: Resident Representative Mr. Y.J. Chang of Samsung Corp., accompanied by Resident Representative Mr. Dong Kwi Kim of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. and Coach Mr. Jun Woong Hwan donated $5,000 to the Myanmar Taekwando Federation. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 7: Chinese Monk Rev. Yang Ching Chau, Chairman of the Chinese Buddhist Vegetarian Association, donated $2,500 to the Ministry of Religious Affairs for the Lawkamani Sula Pagoda in Lumbini, Nepal, as well as K300,000 for the Tooth Relic Pagoda in Yangon. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 8: President Mrs. Wen Yiming of the Women's Association of the Chinese Embassy donated K 100,000 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 3/9) Mar. 11: Mr. Takase of Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd. of Japan donated $500 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 13: The Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) donated jaundice vaccines worth $200,000 to the Ministry of Health. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 15: Managing Director Mr. Jong Won Park of Myanmar Daewoo Motors Co. Ltd. donated $1,000 to the Myanmar Taekwando Federation. Managing Director Mr. Tae Chui Shin of Myanmar Daewoo Ltd. and Daewoo Corporation, Coach Mr. Jun Woong Hwan and others were present. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 20: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, on behalf of Thai Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-Archa, donated baht 2.3 million for restoration of the Shwedagon Pagoda and $20,000 for Bagan restoration work. (NLM 3/21) Mar. 20: Foreign companies donated cash to the Border Areas and National Races Development Department, to enable it to participate in the fourth Maha Thingyan Festival of Ministry of Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs, as follows: Kanematsu Corp. 2,000 FECs; Myanmar Tractors and Trading Co. Ltd. K 200,000; Sumitomo Corp. K 100,000; Yunnan Machinery Corporation K 50,000; Mitsubishi Corp. K 50,000; and Mitsui & Co. Ltd. K 50,000. (NLM 3/21) Mar. 20: Dr. Steven L. Rodis and Dr. Jay Blevins of J.B. Memorial Children's Fund of the US donated ophthalmic surgical equipment worth $18,919 to the Ministry of Health. (NLM 3/21) Mar. 20: The French Embassy presented French books and teaching aids to the Institute of Foreign Languages. (NLM 3/21) Mar. 22: British Ambassador Mr. Robert Gordon and WHO Resident Representative Dr. Klaus Wagner donated Icon pesticides worth œ 5,000 to the Ministry of Health for malaria control. (NLM 3/23) Mar. 23: Resident Representative Dr. Tin Myine Thein of Save the Children (USA) donated Pelvic Simulators worth $2,000 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 3/24) Mar. 25: Deputy Director Mr. Nakamura of the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Vice-Chairman Mr. Fukuya of RAVAC Japan donated $32,000 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 3/26) FOREIGN VISITORS [Although we rarely note the fact, foreign visitors calling on Myanmar officials are often accompanied by their Ambassadors. -- HCMacD.] International Agency Visitors Mar. 8: Dr. Rob Moodie of UNAIDS and Regional Adviser Dr. Robert Bennoun of UNICEF, called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt to discuss "programmes to combat AIDS to be implemented in cooperation between UNDP, UNICEF, WHO, and UNDCP. (NLM 3/9) Mar. 13: Director-General Dr. George Rothschild of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines called on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung. He will visit agricultural projects in Ayeyawady and Mandalay Divisions. (NLM 3/14) // Mar. 20: Accompanied by IRRI Resident Representative Dr. G. Garcia, he met Ministry of Agriculture officials, and said "Myanmar has potential to export the largest volume of rice in the world." IRRI will assist in the production of hybrid strains of paddy, training in use of machinery, use of chemical fertilizer, water supply, and data collection. (NLM 3/21) // Mar. 21: He departed (NLM 3/22) Mar. 21: Gender Programme Adviser Ms. Akiko Yamauchi of the International Cooperative Alliance Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific called on Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung to discuss women's participation in cooperatives. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 22: Senior Economist Prof. David Dapice and mission of the Harvard Institute for International Development, accompanied by UNDP Resident Representative Siba Kumar Das, called on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung to discuss UN projects. (NLM 3/23) Medical Visitors Feb. 29: A delegation from the Interplast Group of the US led by Dr. D. Johnson called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. The group arrived Feb. 19, and has performed 150 facial operations on 80 patients, as well as holding presentations and lecture classes at Yangon General Hospital, Children's Hospital, and the Institutes of Dental Medicine and of Nursing. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 30: Visiting Professor Donal Sandford will lecture on Uses of Psychology in General Practice at the Myanmar Medical Association on Apr. 1. (NLM 3/31) Mar. 31: "An ophthalmologist from London will be in Yangon from 7th to 9th April 96." phone number given for appointments. (NLM ad 3/31) Mar. 21: A Japanese Basic Study Mission on Infectious Diseases led by Prof. Hiroshi Yoshikura called on Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin to discuss the National Immunization Days programme for 1997-98. (NLM 3/22) Business Visitors [May include Governmental delegations with predominantly commercial aims. Delegations are often accompanied on their calls by their country's Ambassador or other diplomatic personnel in Yangon.] Feb. 29: The Trade Mission led by President Mr. Peter Godwin of the Asia Pacific Advisory Group of the British Ministry of Trade called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, and on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung. Godwin, who is Director of the English Football Club, also called on Minister at the Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung. (NLM 3/1) Feb. 29: Chairman and CEO M. Pierre Marcillac of Air Total International, and President M. P. Daupez of Total Asia-South East Area called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. (NLM 3/1) Feb. 29: President Mr. Kimiaki Hirakawa of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and President Mr. S. Yoshikawa of Mitsubishi Corporation and party called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, and on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/1) Feb. 29: A Myanmar Industrial Survey Tour from Okinawa Association of Corporation Executives, led by Mr. Miyagi Yoshiaki, called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. (NLM 3/1) Feb. 29: Country Manager Mr. Charles Curlow of Cathay Pacific called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. (NLM 3/1) Feb. 29: A Japanese economic delegation led by Mr. Yoshio Higa called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 3/1) Feb. 29: Executive Director Lt-Gen. Tanong Sirirangsi of Sriracha Harbour Public Co. Ltd. of Thailand and party called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 1: Director Mr. George M Tan of Royal Brunei Airways called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. He also called on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba, and said that Royal Brunei Airways will launch a twice-a-week Brunei-Yangon-Abu Dhabi-London service in October, "in time for opening of Visit Myanmar Year," using a Boeing 767. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 1: President Mr. George Sakellaris of Northeast Energy Company, US, and party, called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 5: A 3-member delegation led by Vice-Chairman of the Brunei Investment Agency, Deputy Minister of Finance Dato Paduka Seri Laila Jasa Haji Armad Wally Skinner, called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 3/6) // Mar. 6: The delegation called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, and on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/7) // Mar. 9: The delegation departed. (NLM 3/10) Mar. 6: A delegation led by Director-General Mr. Tian Chenggang of the Zhuhai Commission of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, to discuss projects at Yangon port, Thilawa Port, and Kyaukphyu Deep-water port. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 7: President Mr. Yukio Okamoto and two members of Okamoto Associates Institute called on Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min to discuss investments. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 11: President Mr. D. Valot of Total Exploration and Production and party called on SLORC Vice-Chairman Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye, and on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/ 12) Mar. 11: Executive Director Mr. Koichi Yamazaki of the Japan External Trade Organization, and a 27-member delegation called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 3/12) // Mar. 12: He called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 11: Executive Chairman Mr. Y.Y. Wong of the Wywy Group of Singapore called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 12: Chairman Mr. Robert J. Thomas of the American International Underwriters of Hong Kong and party called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 13: President Mr. Minoru Mori of Mori Building Co. Ltd. and party called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 14: President Mr. Lin Zai You and Vice-President Mme. Liu Zhong Rong of Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import and Export Corp. called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win to discuss construction of the Bo Aung Kyaw jetty. (NLM 3/15) Mar. 14: Senior Executive Vice-President Mr. Reuchlin of ABN-AMRO Bank and party called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin [see also under Banking]. (NLM 3/15) Mar. 15: Chairman Mr. Kuok Khoon Ean of the Kuok Group of Singapore, and party, called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi, and on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. (NLM 3/16) // Mar. 18: He called on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung. (NLM 3/19) Mar. 18: Manager of the Bangkok Branch Office of National Power International Ltd. Mr. Robert J. Mann called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/19) Mar. 18: Dirctor Mr. Preben Hoffmann of Danish Fact-Finding of Denmark and party called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/19) // Mar. 19: He called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, and on Deputy Minister for Finance U Win Naing. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 19: Chairman Mr. Haruto Kobayashi and party of Japan International Forum of Universal Development Mission called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 19: Managing Director Mr. Tan Kok Hin of Compaq Comupter Asia Pte. Ltd. gave a talk and press conference on Compaq products; in the evening he hosted a dinner, at which U Aung Kyi of Winner Computer Group and Compaq Sales Director Mr. P.S. Raju spoke. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 19: General Manager Mr. Pat MacDonald of Triton Energy Corp. of the US, and adviser Mr. Richard I. Weaver, called on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein to discuss off-shore petroleum and gas. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 19: Chairman Mr. Vijay Kirloskar and party of Kirloskar Group of India called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 20: A 12-member Study Mission of the German Industry and Commerce in Singapore, led by Mr. Jurgen Franzen, called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 3/21) // Mar. 21: The mission called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 21: A Kankeiran Business Delegation led by Vice-Chairman of Kansai Economic Federation of Osaka and Marubeni Corp. Mr. Mamoru Hashimoto, arrived, and were given dinner by Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 3/22) // Mar. 22: It called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, and on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 3/23) // Mar. 23: It visited the Shwedagon Pagoda, and met with Chairman U Khin Maung Yi of the Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry, signing a Memorandum of Understanding on "cooperation for mutual benefit.". (NLM 3/24) // Mar. 24: The delegation left. (NLM 3/25) Mar. 22: A Seminar on BHP Steel Building Products and BRC Weldmesh, sponsored by the Myanmar Asean Focus Group (MAFG), was held, at which MAFG Director Mr. Glen Robinson introduced "his company BHP and BRC," and Mr. Anthony Tan and Mr. Lawrence Tang explained BHP products and Mr. David Perry and Mr. Bill Gregory explained BRC Weldmesh products. "The company specializes [in] steel reinforcing." (NLM 3/ 23) Mar. 23: Mr. Dag Thulin of Markneds Byran AB of Sweden called on Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung. (NLM 3/24) Mar. 25: Mr. Tasushiya of the Japan Chiba Bank Group and party called on Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 3/26) Mar. 25: Vice-Chairman Mr. Wang Jinchou and party of China National Complete Plant Import & Export Corporation (Group) called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. (NLM 3/26) Mar. 25: A French Business Association of Vietnam Delegation led by Mr. Michael Barrett and M. Roland Edgard Rosa called on Deputy Minister for Finance U Win Naing. (NLM 3/26) // Mar. 26: It called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. (NLM 3/27) Mar. 28: Director Mr. Tetsuya Mizoguchi of Pacific Consultants International Obayashi Corporation of Japan called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt to discuss construction of an annexe for the Institute of Nursing "with the assistance of Japan in detail." (NLM 3/29) Mar. 28: Chairman Mr. Tomo Takahara and party of Century Research Centre of Japan called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 3/29) Religious Visitors Mar. 2: Two Buddhist title recipients arrived from Sri Lanka: Beikkhu Training Center Amarapura Nikaya Gaingchoke Kyaung Sayadaw Bhaddanta Madhihe Pannasiha of Columbo (Agga Maha Pandita title), and Myanmar Kyaungtaik Sayadaw Bhaddanta Sumana Sagara of Kandy (Agga Maha Saddhammajotikadhaja title). (NLM 3/ 2) // Mar. 6: They visited Bagan Mar. 5, and have flown on to Mandalay. (NLM 3/7) // Mar. 10: They were honoured by staff of the Sri Lanka Embassy in Yangon; Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin and other officials attended. (NLM 3/11) // Mar. 13: Sayadaw Bhaddanta Madhihe Pannathiha, and two members of the Sangha, returned to Sri Lanka. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 6: Forty Japanese monks and families of World War II war dead, totalling 120 persons from Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka, arrived Mar. 1 to mark the 50th Anniversary of the end of World War II; they held a memorial service at the Japanese Cemetary in Kyandaw. (NLM 3/7) Media Visitors Mar. 29: A three-member delegation of Russian journalists led by Mr. T. Pulatov arrived, and will visit until Apr. 9. (NLM 3/ 30) // Mar. 30: Managing Director U Than Maung of the Printing and Publishing Enterprise hosted a dinner for the delegation. During the day it visited the Shwedagon Pagoda and the People's Park. (NLM 3/31) Thai Delegations Feb. 29: Trainee officers led by Commandant Lt-Gen. Mana Phimongphant of the Thai Supreme Command Joint Staff College arrived Feb. 28 and visited the National Defence College. They departed Feb. 29. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 15: Chairman Mr. Piti Yimprasert and party of the Petroleum Authority of Thailand called on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein. (NLM 3/16) Thai Prime Minister Mar. 13: Thai Prime Minister Mr. Banharn Silpa-archa and his wife Khunying Jamsai Silpa-archa will pay an official visit to Myanmar, at the invitation of State Law and Order Restoration Council and Daw Kyaing Kyaing, in the near future. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 17: The Prime Minister will arrive today. Official biographies of Prime Minister and his wife. (NLM 3/17) Mar. 17: The Prime Minister arrived. [Note: NLM for March 18, covering this event, not received.] Mar. 18: The Prime Minister left, after making a pilgrimage to Mandalay and Bagan-NyaungU. A joint communique covering the visit was issued. Highlights were: The Prime Minister and his wife arrived at the invitation of SLORC Chairman and Prime Minister Senior General Than Shwe. On Mar. 17, he held official discussions with Prime Minister Senior General Than Shwe, who was accompanied by SLORC Vice-Chairman Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye, SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo, and other government members. On the Thai side were Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Amnuay Viravan, Foreign Minister Mr. Kasem S. Kasemsri; Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives Mr. Monthol Kraiwatnussoun, Deputy Minister of Commerce Mr. Montri Danphaiboon, Ambassador to Myanmar Poksak Nilubol, Foreign Ministry Permanent Secretary Mr. Thep Devakula, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Gen. Viroj Sangsnit, Secretary-General of the National Security Council Gen. Charan Kullavanijaya, and Advisor to the Prime Minister Dr. Pracha Guna-Kasem. The Thai Prime Minister reaffirmed the statement of former Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda in 1980 that Thailand and Myanmar share a common destiny and that "a prosperous and secure Myanmar is vital for Thailand's own stability and well-being." The Myanmar Prime Minister Senior General Than Shwe reaffirmed Myanmar's adherence to the Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and welcomed further promotion of Thai-Myanmar friendship. Both sides noted the unprecedented changes in South-East Asia. "Efforts are being made vigorously by all the countries in the region to move towards an expanded regional community comprising all South-East Asian countries under ASEAN...." The two reiterated the support for strengthening existing "mechanisms for consultation between the two countries, including the Joint Commission, the Joint Boundary Commission and the Regional Border Committee ...." They welcomed "the recent re-opening of the two (2) border checkpoints, namely (1) Tachilek-Maesai, and (2) Kawthaung-Ranong. The border checkpoint at Myawaddy-Maesot will be re-opened on 19 March 1996." They agreed that the Joint Boundary Committee will as soon as possible survey and demarcate the rest of the Thai-Myanmar border, and encouraged continued work by other joint committees. Myanmar announced that it will commute the sentences and release 100 Thai prisoners currently serving terms in Myanmar. The Thai Prime Minister and his party departed on Mar. 18. [photos] (NLM 3/19) Chinese Provincial Delegation Mar. 26: Vice-Governor of Jiangsu Province Mr. Zhang Huaixi and party called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, in Chairman of the Myanmar Investment Commission Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, and on Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min. (NLM 3/27) // Mar. 28: He called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 3/29) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Delegations to Meetings Mar. 3: Director-General Dr. Sein Tin of the Central Statistics Organization (CSO) left for India to attend the Mar. 4-7 International Conference on Information Systems for Economies in Transition. (NLM 3/4) // Mar. 12: He returned. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 6: A delegation led by Director-General Lt-Col. Khin Maung Lat of the Directorate of Hotels and Tourism left for Germany to attend the Mar. 9-13 International Tourismus Bourse (ITB) '96 in Berlin. He was accompanied by Head of Office U Tin Thaung and Tourist Guide Daw Juliet Hla. (NLM 3/7) Livestock Minister to Malaysia Mar. 3: A 7-member delegation led by Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung left for Malaysia to discuss "fish and prawn breeding, animal husbandry and veterinary matters and exchange of research and technical knowhow," at the invitation of Malaysian Minister of Agriculture Datuk Amar Dr. Sulaiman Bin Haj Daud. (NLM 3/4) Industry Deputy Minister to China Mar. 18: A four-member Industrial Delegation led by Deputy Minister for Industry-2 U Saw Tun left for China. It includes Managing Director U Lwin Swe of Myanmar Fritz Werner Industrial Co. Ltd., Manager U Lone Khaing of Myanmar Heavy Industries Factory No. 4, Deputy Manager U Kyaw Thein of Factory No. 1, and Head of Branch U Kyaw Nyunt. (NLM 3/19) MILITARY Military Attacks Feb. 29: A mine laid by the Kayin armed group exploded Feb. 19 in Papun Township, wounding three villagers. (NLM 3/1) Surrenders by Armed Group Members Mar. 12: During February 1996, 21 members of various armed groups returned to the legal fold [names and details]. (NLM 3/ 13) Mar. 28: Two members of the KNU armed group, plus 11 family members, returned to the legal fold Mar. 14 at Myawady Tatmadaw camp. (NLM 3/29) Khun Sa Troops Continue Surrender Members of the MTA (Mong Tai Army) of Khun Sa continued to turn themselves in, generally with arms and ammunition, at Tatmadaw military camps, following the January return to the legal fold of Shan rebel Khun Sa: Feb. 29: 135 MTA members returned to the legal fold at Namhsan, bringing the total since January 5 to 13,382 and 7,944 "assorted arms and ammunition." (NLM 3/1) Mar. 13: 48 MTA member returned to the legal fold on Mar. 11, bringing the total to 33,430 and 8,197 weapons. (NLM 3/14) GOVERNMENT Peasants Day Message Mar. 2: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe issued the following message on the occasion of 1996 Peasants Day [full text]: All esteemed peasantry, The 2nd of March 1996 is "the Peasants Day" observed annually in honour of the peasantry throughout the country. I wish, on this auspicious occasion, good health and happiness of the entire mass of the peasants and may you all achieve success in agricultural tasks. The peasants constitute a work force engaged in producing food which is essential daily for the existence of national brethren. The agricultural production of the peasants is indeed the most basic and strongest undertaking of the Union of Myanmar in commodity production. Hence, the government has been trying to provide everything possible in all aspects for the welfare and progress of the peasants on whom food sufficiency of the national peoples and economic development of the nation mainly depend. All esteemed peasantry, With a view to turning the Union of Myanmar into a modern and developed nation, the State Law and Order Restoration Council has laid down political, economic and social objectives and been implementing them. In the nation today, peace has been restored and the rule of law secured, and at the same time success has been achieved in forging national consolidation since tasks were undertaken with deeds and not with mere words. Efforts to write an enduring new constitution for modernization and development of the nation and its perpetuity are making progress despite hindrances from within and without the country. Peasant delegates are actively participating in the deliberations of the National Convention which is trying to formulate the fundamental principles for the new State Constitution; this is most impressive. The entire mass of the peasantry including the peasant delegates are urged to play appropriate role and carry on discharging their respective duties to achieve the objectives of the National Convention. In striving for economic development of the nation emphasis is placed on agriculture and this indicates that the State relies very much on agricultural tasks of the peasantry. Accordingly, the State expends substantial sums and applies all available means to extend the sown acreage, supply sufficient water and use farm machinery and equipment most extensively. The State also provided quality strains and chemical fertilizer, cultivation techniques and financial assistance to boost the crop yields. Paddy yield has thus increased year by year due to proper arrangements and assistance of the State and conscientious efforts of the peasantry themselves. This year, the peasantry are urged to try their utmost to boost the yield of oil crops, beans, sugar-cane, cotton, jute and so on in addition to paddy by engaging in double and multiple cropping. All esteemed peasantry, In the country today, firm foundations have been laid for stability, peace and progress since the State Law and Order Restoration Council has been implementing the correct political, economic and social objectives. Destructive elements within and without the country, on the other hand, would not like to see this positive conditions [sic] and thus they are resorting to all possible means to disturb and disrupt maintenance and stability and peace and the rule of law, hinder national reconsolidation programmes, obstruct the on-going process of the National Convention which is trying to formulate principles for the new constitution and sabotage all political, economic and social endeavours of the State Law and Order Restoration Council. The mass of peasants with noted historic past are to eliminate the destructive acts joining hands with the Tatmadaw for national cause. It is also necessary to crush and eliminate through the strength of unity, those destructive and disruptive elements disturbing community peace and the rule of law which are indispensable for national progress. The State Law and Order Restoration Council is endeavouring to fulfil the national people's food, clothing and shelter needs as basic human rights. Out of these basic human rights, the peasantry are to play their appropriate role to see that the agricultural sector meets the national people's food and clothing needs. The agricultural sector constitutes a basic economic sector of the Union of Myanmar and the growth in this particular sector will contribute much forward progress of other economic sectors. Hence, the peasantry are urged to lend their active cooperation in boosting agricultural production required by the State projects as a national duty, realizing their important role in the government's efforts for economic development. (NLM 3/2) Armed Forces Day Mar. 10: Objectives for 51st Armed Forces Day: -- to give priority to national defence for stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order -- to direct efforts toward modernization of the Tatmadaw to be able to provide full protection to the emerging new, modern and developed nation -- to actively contribute to realization of the political, economic and social objectives of the State -- to unswervingly accomplish the aim for the Tatmadaw to be able to participate in the national political leadership role of the future State. (NLM 3/10) Mar. 27: The annual Armed Forces Day Parade was held in Yangon at 6 am, as usual, and was addressed by SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe [see below]. In the evening there were fireworks, and Senior General Than Shwe gave a dinner and reception. Various prize competitions were held, and prizes awarded. [2 pages of photos] (NLM 3/28) Armed Forces Day Address Mar. 27: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe made the following address [full text] at the 51st Anniversary Armed Forces Day Parade: Comrades, Today is a significant, noble day for the State and our Tatmadaw, the 51st Anniversary Armed Forces Day. Just as the founding of our Tatmadaw completes 51 years, it is 51 years since we, with the cooperation of the people, waged the Anti-fascist Resistance. On this auspicious day, there are matters about which I would like to speak to you, Comrades, with special emphasis. The history of our Tatmadaw originated with that of the national struggle for freedom and it is also interconnected with the contemporary history of our nation. Our nation fell into servitude after three aggressive wars waged by the colonialists -- in 1824, in 1852 and in 1885. As our nationals put up valiant resistance against the colonialists, you will also find that they were undaunted despite odds and they rose up at every opportunity even while being enslaved. Patriots resorted to various ways and means in their struggle for freedom. It will be found that they strove to establish a Tatmadaw with the objective of wresting the nation free from the colonialists. [Formation under the Japanese] The Revolution of 1300 Myanmar Era became the most ardent political struggle of our nationals. Just as there were achievements, so also there were setbacks. Our patriotic leaders realized that only with the armed resistance by a modern Tatmadaw along with the political struggle would they be able to regain independence. Accordingly, they came to see that the nation needed an armed force. As our Tatmadaw was established on that objective, we must today say that our Tatmadaw emerged for the nation and for the people. Under suppression of the colonialists, Myanmar patriotic leaders strove, suffering hardship, and resorted to various means for emergence of a national Tatmadaw. The historic Thirty Comrades selflessly endeavoured to establish the Tatmadaw strictly on patriotism. They secretly left for Hainan Island and underwent tough military training there. When Japan entered World War II, they formed the Burma Independence Army, the BIA, on 26 December 1941 and entered Myanmar via Bangkok together with the Japanese troops. Fully aware that they could not hope for any privilege, the then patriotic youths joined the BIA incessantly regardless of danger to their lives. As the BIA units grew in strength overnight, the fascists were overcome with fear. They disbanded the BIA on 27 July 1942 and caused it to be reorganized as the Burma Defence Army, the BDA, with limited strength. Therefore, you, Comrades, have known that our Tatmadaw is patriotic as it was born of the BIA and the BDA which were based on patriotism. The BDA was more consolidated by its systematic recruitment, organization and training though it had less strength than the BIA. On 15 September 1943, the BDA was formally renamed the Burma National Army. However, it did not possess attributes of a national army and remained only as a unit under the fascists. The name Burmese Armed Forces emerged eversince. The Tatmadaw had tried to launch the Anti-fascist Resistance since 1943 to save the people from persecution of the fascists. It organized Myanmar political forces to come together in the Resistance. The Tatmadaw headed the secretly-formed Anti-fascist League and strenuously prepared the Resistance. On 27 March 1945, our Tatmadaw launched, together with the people, the Anti-fascist Resistance which will perpetually remain significant in Myanmar history. [Anti-Fascist Resistance] Our Tatmadaw, which originated from the BIA and the BDA, systematically organized and trained, was able to confront and repulse the enemy. Therefore, the Tatmadaw that represented the nation and the entire masses of the national peoples launched, together with the people, the Anti-fascist Resistance on 27 March 1945. The Tatmadaw made its own decision and formally declared war and launched the Resistance and so this day was designated Armed Forces Day (Resistance Day) which has been observed with the holding of military parades without fail every year for 51 years. The Tatmadaw has been a pivotal organization in struggling for national freedom by waging the anti-colonialist and anti-fascist resistance. If we look back at the history of the national liberation struggle and that of the Tatmadaw, you will clearly see that it is a patriotic Tatmadaw and not an ordinary Tatmadaw. If we examine the good attributes of the Tatmadaw, you will also find that it possesses the Noble Traditions -- a patriotic Tatmadaw, a disciplined Tatmadaw, a loyal Tatmadaw, a united Tatmadaw, an efficient Tatmadaw, a Tatmadaw which makes heroic sacrifices, a Tatmadaw which does not seek personal gain, a Tatmadaw of noble spirit and high morale, a Tatmadaw which possesses true quality of overcoming obstacles, a Tatmadaw which can endure hardship, a tenacious and persevering Tatmadaw, a Tatmadaw which upholds Our Three Main National Causes. Therefore, you, Comrades, must be aware that ours is a Tatmadaw endowed with historical traditions. [Post-Independence Duties] Comrades, When our country regained independence, internal insurgence emerged together with it. Regardless of sacrifices, the Tatmadaw continued to launch offensives against internal insurgents as well as external infiltrators to protect life and property of the people. Just as the t continued to launch offensives against internal insurgents as well as external infiltrators to protect life and property of the people. Just as the Tatmadaw, in concert with the people, regained the nation's independence, it is also duty-bound to continue to preserve independence and sovereignty. Therefore, our Tatmadaw has three main duties for perpetuation of independence and sovereignty -- (1) to defend the State (2) to train (3) to perpetually serve the interest of the people Our Tatmadaw should be duly imbued with the conviction to be able to discharge these duties. Our conviction is, of course, Our Three Main National Causes, namely, non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty, which are, in fact, the national responsibilities that must be borne not only by the Tatmadawmen but also by the entire people. [Crisis intervention] Being the Tatmadaw representing the mass of national people it had to intervene whenever they country was confronted with crises. It was compelled to assume the duties of State three times -- first in 1958-59 as the Caretaker Government, then in 1962 as the Revolutionary Council and from 1988 to this day as the State Law and Order Restoration Council. It had to assume those State responsibilities unavoidably as demanded by history. You, Comrades, are well aware of the fact that the 1988 disturbances could have led to disintegration of the Union had our Tatmadaw not assumed those responsibilities. [Current tasks] Our Tatmadaw today has been discharging political, economic and social duties in addition to the principal duty of national defence. We must build our Tatmadaw to be a strong, capable and modern one to be able to discharge these duties successfully and defend the nation to ensure it existence till eternity. In other words, to be strong, capable and modern is the goal of our Tatmadaw. In terms of strength, it should have adequate manpower and materials. For manpower, duty-conscious youths and citizens like you, Comrades, have joined the Tatmadaw out of your own free will and are discharging duties. To be strong in terms of materials depends on the wealth of the nation which will be able to build up its armaments depending on its economy. They constitute indispensable material strength. [Training, Administration, Welfare, and Morale] It is necessary to enhance the capabilities of the Tatmadaw to turn it into an efficient one. Four major tasks have already been laid down to build up the Tatmadaw to ensure unity in the process. They are: (1) training (2) administration (3) welfare, and (4) morale. Training is most important for an armed force to be capable. Good discipline as well as good morale can be achieved only through training. A force has to undergo training to acquire combat skills and as such training comes first. You, Comrades, must accept that training is highly essential for an armed force. Regarding administration, you will have to be efficient in the fields of operation, administration and logistics. Our Tatmadaw is machinery set in motion on these three pinions. It will be brought to a standstill if one of them falters. So, our Tatmadawmen will have to be efficient in operation, administration and logistics. Welfare is something which is today indispensable at Tatmadaw units. It is essential even for civilians and emphasis must therefore be placed on the welfare of the Tatmadawmen who face hardship risking life and limb away from their families. Welfare work must not only be for Tatmadawmen but also for their families. The last is morale. It is highly important in service structuring. Comrades must be well aware that no matter how modern or advanced materially, nothing much can be achieved in the absence of morale. Love of one's country and one's race and the oaths we take everyday form the basis. Moreover, it is necessary to possess undaunted determination to discharge duties despite obstacles and dangers, unyielding endurance, perseverance and courage to carry on even if only the hull is left when faced with difficulties and crises. There will be good morale if the Tatmadaw is built based on these four main tasks. There will also be good discipline, loyalty and strong unity. The Tatmadaw will also possess the three capabilities, namely, combat, organization and administration. Five qualities -- morale, discipline, loyalty, unity and capability -- are, in fact, the qualities all units and men must possess and the yardstick to evaluate to what extent success has been achieved in building the Tatmadaw. Only when our Tatmadaw has acquired these qualities will it be capable. To become a modern Tatmadaw it will be necessary to efficiently use materials obtained through available means. Thought and action should be in accord with the times. There is the need to keep apace with development in science, technology and military science. Only then will the desired strong, capable and modern Tatmadaw emerge. [Development, Insurgency, Narcotics] Comrades, Our Tatmadaw today is discharging political, economic and social duties of the State as required by history in addition to national defence. You know very well that we are carrying out duties day in and day out with sincere goodwill to build a peaceful, modern and developed nation while we assume State responsibilities. When compared with other countries or weighed in respect of salient features, you will find that our country still lags behind to some extent. Our economy has still not developed as much as we desire. Under the circumstances, the government alone should not be regarded as responsible for national development; we must accept that all of us our duty-bound and the public, the government, the Tatmadaw, involving the entire nation, are to make concerted efforts with patriotism, nationalist fervour and national integrity for national development. Stability is most important in building a peaceful, modern nation. Therefore, we have worked mainly for stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order. I have told you earlier that the danger of insurgency emerged together with the independence of our country. There had been a long period of fighting and killing between brethren due to instigations of colonialists to sow discord. The State Law and Order Restoration Council, realizing our country would suffer more if such fighting continued, endeavoured for national reconciliation. Today, 14 armed groups, realizing our correct action and true goodwill, have returned to the legal fold and the armed group called the MTA which had been engaged in the business of opium and drugs that would endanger the entire mankind, has totally abandoned its wrongful acts, turned in its arms to the Tatmadaw and returned to the legal fold. The danger of narcotic drugs threatens the entire world. In combatting that danger, our Tatmadawmen have sacrificed lives and done the job effectively. The Tatmadaw is striving to see to the total elimination of the drug menace. Development is being carried out with increasing momentum in the drug production areas. The task of combatting the drug menace is a concern of the entire people of the world and is of enormous magnitude and difficult. Sincere cooperation will be gladly accepted. Even without cooperation, we will do best on our own to bet this narcotics menace which threatens and endangers the people of the world. [External and internal destructionists] Comrades, You yourselves have witnessed endeavours being made with the leadership of the State Law and Order Restoration Council for the emergence of a peaceful, modern and developed nation after laying down the political, economic and social objectives. Our country is today enjoying stability and peace and we have laid firm political, economic and social foundations. Some foreign destructionists, who cannot bear to see our nation develop thus and are jealous, are resorting to instigation to cause destruction. They are resorting to machinations so that it would not be possible for the international community to get a true perspective of Myanmar. Specially, there are acts to drive a wedge between the Tatmadaw and the people, to create misunderstanding, to sow bad blood, and to cause public morale to decline and to waver. There are a few internal destructionists, who, aping their external cohorts, are perpetrating acts to disturb and hinder national construction, primed, as the saying goes, of the actor destroying the main drum on being denied the leading role. The danger posed by these internal and external destructionists is great. As for our Tatmadaw, we maintain true to the slogan "We shall not be divided no matter who tries; We remain ever united", and must, together with the people, ostracize, oppose and remove these destructionists. [Conclusion] Comrades, In conclusion, I would like to tell you it is not adequate for you, who are shouldering political, economic and social duties of the State to possess military outlook alone. It is specially essential to possess four outlooks -- political, economic, social and administrative. For only then will you be able to effectively and successfully carry out military, political, economic, social, administrative and organizational tasks. The Tatmadaw must, at all times, serve the people. In order to serve the interests of the citizen and the State perpetually, Tatmadawmen must possess physical and moral courage, must be efficient, and those in leadership must possess the 16 leadership qualities and act accordingly. You must uphold the Tatmadaw's Noble Traditions even if it means sacrificing your lives and must abide by the Military Code of Conduct. We, Tatmadawmen, are today holding the military parade to commemorate the auspicious occasion of the 51st Anniversary Armed Forces Day with four objectives. These are -- -- to give priority to national defence for stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order; -- to direct efforts toward modernization of the Tatmadaw to be able to provide full protection to the emerging new, modern and developed nation; -- to actively contribute to realization of the political, economic and social objectives of the State; and -- to unswervingly accomplish the aim for the Tatmadaw to be able to participate in the national political leadership role of the future State. As these objectives have been laid down to meet the nation's needs, and historical necessity and for the Tatmadaw to fulfil, I urge you, Comrades, to strive to implement them, and also to strive to the best of your ability to ensure that the Tatmadaw is strong, capable and truly dependable for the nation. With this, I conclude. (NLM 3/28) Supplementary Appropriation Law Mar. 25: SLORC Law No. 3/96 of Mar. 25, the State Supplementary Appropriation Law, 1996, approves supplementary expenditures to the State Budget Law 1995 [see March-April 1995 BPS]. Under Chapter III, K 30,000,000,000 is "further appropriated in addition to the amount of loans actually received after the execution of loan agreements mentioned in section 12 of the State Budget Law, 1995." Schedules: Figures in kyat, by line number, with following abbreviations: ordinary {Ord}; interest {Int}; contributions {Cont}; capital {Cap}; disbursement of loans {Loan}; repayment of loans {Repay}; investments {Inv}; savings {Sav}. [Line items from the State Budget Law, 1995] Schedule I - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES State LORC etc. 1/SLORC: Ord-26,165,000; Cap-10,630,000 3/Gov't: Ord-7,250,000; Cont-2,418,000; Cap-164,499,000 4/ChJust: Ord-1,250,000; Cap-420,000 5/Att.Gen: Ord-8,718,000; Cap-1,371,000 6/Aud.Gen: Cap-9,300,000 TOTALS: Ord-43,383,000; Cont-2,418,000; Cap-186,220,000 Schedule II - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES Ministries and Departments 1/Fon.Aff: Ord-5,370,000; Cont-348,000; Cap-15,074,980 2/Defence: Ord-759,022,000; Cap-5,662,238,000 3/Prog.Bord.Areas&Nat.Races&Dev.Aff: Ord-6,117,030; Cont-192,000,000; Cap-306,338,040 4/Home.Aff: Ord-268,087,000; Cont-117,592,000; Cap-118,459,800 5/Rel.Aff: Ord-30,028,000; Cap-5,145,000 6/Soc.Wel,Rel,&Resett: Ord-5,958,000; Cont-2,430,000; Cap-26,655,000 7/Info: Ord-2,747,000; Cap-46,025,000 8/Cult: Ord-13,746,000; Cap-216,549,240 9/Educ: Ord-90,931,000; Cap-790,657,600 10/Health: Ord-16,660,000; Cap-274,261,000 11/Labour: Ord-946,000; Cap-540,000 12/Forest: Ord-23,143,000; Cont-45,300; Cap-96,245,980; Inv-40,000,000 13/Agric: Ord-543,884,000; Cap-3,668,413,000 14/Livest.&Fish: Ord-1,256,000; Cap-13,276,000; Inv-8,925,000 15/Mines: Ord-702,000; Cap-475,000 (NLM 3/26) 16/Ind-1: Ord-75,000 18/Energy: Ord-249,000 19/Const: Ord-344,977,000; Cap-1,555,294,000 20/Trans: Ord-1,416,000; Cap-662,489,770 21/RailTrans: Ord-906,000 22/Comm.Posts&Tel: Cap-3,596,000 23/Trade: Ord-4,109,000; Cap-397,000 24/Hotels&Tour: Ord-1,736,000; Cap-2,347,000 25/Coops: Ord-154,000; Cap-44,275,000 26/Nat.Plan.&Econ.Dev: Ord-7,642,000; Cap-267,000 27/Fin.&Rev: Ord-212,872,000; Int-1,300,000,000; Cont-1,450,852,000; Cap-54,177,900; Loan-209,164,000; Inv-92,000,000 28/Pens.&Gratuities: Ord-311,240,000 31/Imm.&Pop: Ord-767,000; Cap-12,029,700 TOTALS: Ord-2,654,740,030; Int-1,300,000,000; Cont-1,763,267,300; Cap-13,375,227,010; Loan-209,164,000; Inv-140,925,000 Schedule III - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES, State Economic Organizations 1/St.Econ.Org: Ord-20,303,700,200; Cap-4,447,365,550; Repay: 8,198,000; Inv-4,855,000 (NLM 3/27) 1996 State Budget Law Mar. 29: SLORC Law No. 4/96 of March 29, the State Budget Law, 1996, effective April 1, 1996, provides as follows: Parts I-V - General Provisions. Receipts and Expenditures. Reserve Fund. Taking of Loans (maximum set at K 50,000,000,000). State Economic Organizations. Cantonment Municipalities. Development Committees and Municipalities. (NLM 3/30) Schedules. Figures in kyat, by line number, with following abbreviations: Receipts: taxes {Tax}; from State Economic Organizations {St}; other current {Cur}; interest {Int}; capital {Cap}; foreign aid {Aid}; recovery of loans {Recov}; drawal of loans {Loan}; investments {Inv}; savings {Sav}. Expenditures: current {Cur}; interest {Int}; contributions {Cont}; capital expenditures {Cap}; disbursement of loans {Loan}; repayment of loans {Repay}; investments {Inv}; savings {Sav}. Schedule I - RECEIPTS - State LORC, Election Commission, Government, Chief Justice, Attorney-General, Auditor-General: 1/SLORC: Cur-3,214,300; Cap-15,000 2/Elec.Comm: Cur-300 3/Gov't: Cur-6,308,000; Cap-30,000; Aid-6,315,000 4/Ch.Just: Cur-80,183,000 5/Att.Gen: Cur-103,000 6/Aud.Gen: Cur-3,378,100; Cap-1,000 TOTALS: Cur-93,186,700; Cap-46,000; Aid-6,315,000 Schedule II - EXPENDITURES - State LORC, etc.: 1/SLORC: Cur-195,412,600; Cap-59,749,380 2/Elec.Comm: Cur-6,300,000; Cap-10,000,000 3/Gov't: Cur-154,226,400; Cont-9,583,600; Cap-202,681,270 4/Ch.Just: Cur-117,478,010; Cap-9,497,450 5/Att.Gen: Cur-57,573,000; Cap-14,089,300 6/Aud.Gen: Cur-120,171,600; Cap-10,756,590 TOTALS: Cur-651,161,600; Cont-9,583,600; Cap-306,773,990 (NLM 3/31) Schedule III - RECEIPTS - Ministries and Departments: 1/Taxes on inland productions and public consumption {Tax} 1-1 Excise duty: 114,100,000 1-2 Commercial tax: 7,500,000,000 1-3 Import license fees: 210,000,000 1-4 State lottery: 1,390,000,000 1-5 Transport taxes: 70,140,000 1-6 Stamp sales: 360,000,000 (TOTAL - 9,644,240,000) 2/Taxes on income and ownership {Tax} 1-1 Income tax: 4,063,154,000 1-2 Profit tax: 2,004,358,000 (TOTAL - 6,067,512,000) 3/Customs duties {Tax} 3-1 Customs duties: 3,500,000,000 (TOTAL - 3,500,000,000) 4/Taxes on utility of State owned properties {Tax} 4-1 Land rev.taxes: 53,780,000 4-2 Water & embankment: 27,500,000 4-3 Forest prod.tax: 447,900,000 4-4 Minerals tax: 12,520,000 4-5 Fisheries tax: 343,561,000 4-6 Rubber tax: 3,000,000 (TOTAL - 888,261,000) 5/Receipts from State Economic Organizations {St}: 11,337,765,000 6/For.Aff: Cur-3,000,000; Cap-51,000 7/Defence: Cur-153,529,000 8/Prog.Bord.Areas&Nat.Races&Dev.Aff: Cur-225,000 9/HomeAff: Cur-40,845,163; Cap-500,000; Aid-2,000,000 10/Imm.&Pop: Cur-50,000,000; Aid-48,000 11/Relig.Aff: Cur-20,002,000 12/Soc.Wel.Rel&Resett: Cur-3,601,000; Aid-273,000 13/Info: Cur-100,491,000 14/Cult: 10,701,640 15/Educ: 377,580,650; Aid-5,103,000 16/Health: 31,041,500; Cap-1,200,000; Aid-87,484,000 17/Labour: Cur-18,460; Cap-1,000; Aid-37,000 18/Forest: Cur-120,401,300; Aid-5,839,000 19/Agric: Cur-1,750,179,900; Cap-70,360,200; Aid-138,323,000; Loan-14,000,000 20/Livest.&Fish: Cur-182,829,300; 21/Mines: Cur-8,720,000; Cap-10,000 22/Ind(1): Cur-21,906,680; Cap-50,000 23/Ind(2): Cur-3,802,900; Aid-210,000 24/Const: Cur-96,623,500; Int-110,000; Cap-700,000,000; Recov-900,000 25/Trans: Cur-144,400,000; Loan-17,762,000 26/RailTrans: Cur-143,031,000 27/Comm.Posts&Tel: Cur-63,405,000; Aid-800,000 28/Trade: Cur-70,001,000 29/Hotels&Tour.Serv: Cur-1,505,000 30/Coops: Cur-20,888,000 31/Nat.Plan&Econ.Dev: Cur-18,691,000; Cap-110,000; Aid-50,000 32/Fin&Rev: Cur-509,425,300; Int-200,969,000; Cap-50,000; Aid-1,040,000,000; Recov-223,191,000 33/Pens&Gratuities: Cur-301,500 TOTALS: Tax-20,100,013,000; St-11,337,765,000; Cur-3,987,147,590; Int-201,079,000; Cap-772,332,200; Aid-1,280,167,000; Recov-224,091,000; Loan-31,762,000 (NLM 4/1) Schedule IV - EXPENDITURES - Ministries and Departments 1/For.Aff: Cur-105,000,000; Cont-652,000; Cap-51,274,570 2/Defence: Cur-11,215,170,300; Cap-6,000,000,000; Inv-50,000,000 3/Prog.Bord.Areas&Nat.Races&Dev.Aff: Cur-136,068,000; Cont- 268,108,500; Cap-359,370,360 4/HomeAff: Cur-1,705,740,000; Cont-134,446,500; Cap-261,233,200; Repay-61,255,000 5/Imm.&Pop: Cur-146,620,000; Cap-70,756,180 6/Relig.Aff: Cur-82,000,000; Cont-36,491,800; Cap-16,392,150 7/Soc.Wel.Rel.&Resett: Cur-106,650,000; Cont-19,300,000; Cap-163,448,910 8/Info: Cur-203,100,000; Cap-280,748,730 9/Cult: Cur-62,357,000; Cont-46,250; Cap-403,411,050 10/Educ: Cur-4,682,579,000; Cont-306,850; Cap-2,896,364,230 11/Health: Cur-979,650,000; Cont-2,827,400; Cap-1,246,350,420 12/Labour: Cur-36,890,000; Cont-261,000; Cap-12,892,720 13/Forest: Cur-308,900,000; Cont-400,000; Cap-244,094,840; Inv-50,000,000 14/Agric: Cur-2,524,800,000; Cont-385,670; Cap-3,996,000,400 15/Livest.&Fish: Cur-298,139,000; Int-8,563,000; Cont-234,000; Cap-71,197,370; Repay-35,156,000 16/Mines: Cur-51,900,000; Cap-6,840,940 17/Ind(1): Cur-27,570,000; Cap-3,929,600 18/Ind(2): Cur-23,300,000; Cont-181,000; Cap-18,858,690 19/Energy: Cur-5,550,000; Cap-2,438,430 20/Const: Cur-1,516,451,950; Cap-2,535,308,620 21/Trans: Cur-115,500,000; Int-234,800; Cont-650,000; Cap-716,737,500; Repay-1,980,000 22/RailTrans: Cur-42,450,000; Cap-4,913,090 23/Comm.Posts&Tel: Cur-33,600,000; Cont-757,500; Cap-53,021,760 24/Trade: Cur-21,000,000; Cap-560,380 25/Hotels&Tour.Serv: Cur-5,500,000; Cap-691,920 26/Coops: Cur-262,320,000; Cap-104,684,420 27/Nat.Plan&Econ.Dev: Cur-79,710,000; Cont-4,245,000; Cap-34,968,260 28/Fin.&Rev: Cur-315,900,000; Int-3,932,163,000; Cont-204,680,000; Cap-101,893,600; Repay-748,029,000; Inv-17,500,000; Sav-300,000 29/Pens.&Gratuities: Cur-1,098,012,000 30/Grat.&Commut.Pens: Cur-352,000,000 31/ReserveFund: Res-100,000,000 TOTALS: Cur-26,539,427,250; Int-3,940,960,800; Cont-673,975,810; Cap-19,658,382,340; Repay-846,420,000; Inv-117,500,000; Sav-300,000; Res-100,000,000 (NLM 4/2) Schedule V - RECEIPTS - State Economic Organizations 1/St.Econ.Org: Cur-94,931,135,000; Cap-103,562,000; Recov-13,453,000; Loan-767,924,000 Schedule VI - EXPENDITURES - State Economic Organizations 1/St.Econ.Org: Cur-100,695,855,000; Cap-9,029,399,360; Loan-9,555,000; Repay-1,142,612,000; Inv-125,682,000 Schedule VII - RECEIPTS - Cantonment Municipalities 1/Cant.Mun: Tax-53,200; Cur-15,010,940 Schedule VIII - EXPENDITURES - Cantonment Municipalities 1/Cant.Mun: Cur-12,977,300; Cap-6,647,700 (NLM 4/3) MYANMAR GAZETTE Appointments on Probation The SLORC has appointed the following, on probation: Mar. 28: Col. Hla Myint, Officer on Special Duty at the Prime Minister's Office, to be Director-General, Sports and Physical Education Department. (NLM 3/29) Appointments The SLORC has appointed the following: Mar. 13: U Win Zaw Nyunt, Managing Director, Myanmar Textile Industries, to be Director-General, Industrial Planning Department, Ministry of Industry-1. U Tin Hlaing, Director-General, Industrial Planning Department, to be Director-General, Directorate of Regional Industrial Coordination and Inspection, Ministry of Industry-1. U Saw Aung, Director-General, Directorate of Regional Industrial Coordination and Inspection, to be Managing Director, Myanmar Textile Industries, Ministry of Industry-1. (NLM 3/14) Appointments Confirmed The SLORC has confirmed the following appointments, after one year probation: Mar. 28: Thura U Maung Lwin as Managing Director, Myanma Railways, Ministry of Rail Transportation. Lt-Col. Tin Kha as Managing Director, News and Periodicals Enterprise, Ministry of Information. Dr. Kyaw Than as Rector, Institute of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture. U Win Maung as Principal, Myitkyina Degree College, Higher Education Department, Ministry of Education. U Ba Than as Director-General, Supreme Court. (NLM 3/29) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Mar. 11: A glittering array of Myanmar Treasures to please connoisseurs anywhere in the world, by Min Kyaw Min. [The Gems Emporium. Discussion of jade, rubies, sapphires, Myanmar pearls, and jewellery. Photo of a "million-dollar" ruby on display at the Emporium. This year, delivery on items sold for cash is guaranteed within 15 days, and heavy jade boulders will be shipped promptly by container ship, rather than waiting for the next Myanmar Five Star Line freighter.] Project Inaugurations Mar. 2: The Myanady Child Health Care Centre, sponsored by Grand Health Care Cooperative Society, opened in Rm. 3, Building 10, Lanthit Yeiktha, Lanmadaw Township, in the presence of Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung. It "will take care of children from month-old to five for education and health with audio-visual aids. Arrangements are being made for school buses for children far and near. It will open from 9 am to 4.30 pm daily except weekends and gazetted holidays. It will also sell medicines for children including indigenous medicines 24 hours without closing." (NLM 3/3) Mar. 19: The Lebyu Regulating Dam, which will irrigate 6,200 acres in and around Yamethin Township, Mandalay Division, was inaugurated on Mar. 17. (NLM 3/ 20) Mar. 21: Double-decker service was inaugurated on the Chindwin River between Monywa and Homalin. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 25: The Taungnyo Reservoir was inaugurated by SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe in Nattalin Township; built at a cost of K 88 million, it will irrigate 50,000 acres of cropland. [2 pages of photos] (NLM 3/26) Business Openings Feb. 29: ARCO Myanmar Inc., represented by Vice-Presidents Mr. Denis Tower and Mr. Nigel Smith, opened an office in Room 405 of the International Business Centre, in the presence of Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, and Deputy Minister for Energy U Tin Tun. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 1: White Seagull International Co. Ltd. opened a 20-ton capacity prawn processing plant at Kabu village, Longlong Township, Taninthayi Division, in the presence of Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung. Present was General Manager Mr. Tezuka of Marubeni Corporation. Construction had begun April 1, 1995. The plant has three 2-ton capacity contact freezers, one 10-ton capacity quick freezer, a 300-ton capacity cold storage and two 5- and 6-ton capacity ice factories. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 6: A "topping-off ceremony" was held at Myanmar Brewery Ltd., jointly sponsored by Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. and Asia Pacific Brewery, Ltd., represented by Resident Director Mr. Alex van Heuven. Chairman of MEH Brig-Gen. Than Oo spoke. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 10: Ryuji Transportation of Ryuji International Co. Ltd. launched its Yellow Cab service. [photo caption] (NLM 3/11) Mar. 16: The Yamona Car Sale Centre was opened in Dawbon Township, sponsored by the Revenue Department of Yangon City Development Committee. (NLM 3/17) Mar. 18: Cooper and Lybrand Hla Tun Consultants Ltd. opened an office at the International Business Centre on Pyay Road, attended by SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo. President U Hla Tun donated K 200,000 for Armed Forces Day. President Mr. Tan Swan Jeng of Cooper and Lybrand of Singapore, and Director Mr. Reggie Thein of Cooper and Lybrand Hla Tun Ltd. spoke. (NLM 3/19) Mar. 21: President Mr. Barry Bramley of British America Tobacco Co. (BAT Co.) opened Tobacco Marketing Services Ltd. (TMS Ltd.), a BAT subsidiary, in Room 606/609 of the FMI Centre. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 24: The Yuzana Garden Hotel was inaugurated at 44 Signal Pagoda Road, Mingala Taungnyunt Township, Yangon. "The four-star hotel was jointly opened by the Ministry of Defence and Yuzana Hotel Ltd. on mutual benefit basis after renovating a building constructed in 1921 before the First World War [sic]." SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo and military and civil officials attended. The hotel has 33 rooms; an additional 200-room wing will be constructed in two years. "Each room is fitted with PA system speaker and satellite television receiver. Foreign currencies and Myanmar kyat are accepted. The Mingala Hall accommodates 800 guests and, together with 200 of Myanma culture hall, there will be accommodations for 1,000 guests for hosting a ceremony." (NLM 3/25) Mar. 25: Myanmar Airport Limousine Service was launched at Yangon International Airport; the service will be jointly conducted by the Department of Civil Aviation and Advance Communication Ltd. of Thailand. The services will later be extended to Mandalay and Bagan-NyaungU. (NLM 3/26) Mar. 25: The MTWC Limousine and Taxi Service of the Welfare Society of the Ministry of Trade was launched at 26 Khayaybin Street, Lanmadaw Township, Yangon. For service call 22546 around the clock. (NLM 3/26) Mar. 25: The Seikkantha Amusement Park and the Yadana Viewpoint Hotel opened at Thakayta, under the sponsorship of the Yangon City Development Committee. The hotel has ten 4-room units, and a restaurant accommodating 500. The park covers 19.37 acres "with modern carousel and other rides for children." (NLM 3/26) Advertisements Feb. 29: Half page ad for Hitachi washing machines. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 1: Half page ad for Hitachi air conditioners. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 6: Two-third page ad for NIIT Ltd. (India) Computer Education Franchises -- capital investment required $200,000 - $ 300,000. Mar. 12: Half page ad for Sharp TVs and Videorecorders. Mar. 19: Half page ad for Sharp refrigerators. Mar. 19: Full page ad for Compaq computers. Agreements with Foreign Firms Mar. 1: A Memorandum of Understanding was signed by Myanma Hotels and Tourism Services, represented by Managing Director U So Thein, and Nikken Rentacom Co. Ltd. of Japan, represented by Director Mr. Kiyotaka Koike, for construction of a 350-room hotel at the site of the Inwa Hotel in Mandalay. The Japanese company will invest $25 million for a 30-year lease of the property, which will be completed in 24 months. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 2: A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Myanma Jute Industries, represented by Managing Director U Myint Maung, and Mackie International Ltd. of Britain, represented by Resident Representative Mr. Gilbert Matt, under which Mackie will "provide expertise and machinery and spare parts for renovation of jute factories," in return for jute and jute products. It was the outcome of discussions with the British Trade Delegation led by Mr. Peter Godwin [see above under Business Visitors]. (NLM 3/3) Mar. 5: A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Directorate of Hotels and Tourism (on behalf of the Quartermaster-General's Office of the Ministry of Defence), represented by Director-General U Khin Maung Lat, and Kuok Singapore Ltd., represented by Director Mr. Andrew Choo, under which Shangrila Hotel Group will build a world-class twin tower office complex with apartments and shopping mall on Sule Pagoda Road, with an investment of $130-150 million. (NLM 3/6) Mar. 18: Four 1200 HP Diesel Locomotives purchased from Yunnan Machinery Export and Import Corp., represented by Chairman Mr. Lin Zai You, were delivered in Yangon. Present was Deputy Chief Engineer Mr. Zou Liangyi of Sifang Locomotive and Coach Factory, and Managing Director Thura U Thaung Lwin of Myanma Railways. "Altogether 16 locomotives are in operation in MR." (NLM 3/19) Mar. 20: A contract was signed between Myanmar Railways, represented by Managing Director U Thaung Lwin, and China National Complete Import and Export (Group), Yunnan Corporation (Complant), represented by Chairperson Ms. Zhang Lian Ju for the purchase of $50 million of locomotives, coaches, and heavy equipment, including 10 2,000-HP locomotives, 10 upper class coaches, 18 ordinary class coaches, 35 pieces of heavy equipment, etc. The sellers also donated K 400,000 to the Ministry's welfare association. (NLM 3/21) Mar. 25: Mr. Robert L. Cook of Ivanhoe Myanmar Holding Co. submitted to Managing Director U Ko Ko of No. 1 Mining Enterprise a feasibility study report of No. 1 Copper Project. (NLM 3/26) Business Courses Mar. 11: Twelve-week Basic Hotel Courses, sponsored by the Directorate of Hotels and Tourism and Baiyoke Kandawgyi Hotel Col. Ltd., opened with a total of 48 trainees. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 13: English Proficiency Course No. 13 for government personnel and entrepreneurs opened at the Ministry of Trade, and was addressed by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. 100 officials and 100 entrepreneurs are attending the two-month course at four sites. Course No. 14 will be opened, and those interested should call 75927. (NLM 3/14) Banking Mar. 1: The Myanmar Livestock Breeding and Fisheries Development Bank Ltd. has begun disbursing loans "to enable breeders to launch their work." One-year loans are at 18%; 2-3 year loans at 17.5%; and 4-5 year loans at 17%. "An interest rate of 12 per cent will be offered to anyone who saves money at the bank." (NLM 3/2) Mar. 9: The Myanmar Universal Bank opened a branch in Pakokku on Mar. 7. (NLM 3/10) Mar. 14: ABN-AMRO Bank, represented by Executive Vice-President for Asia Pacific Region Mr. Amtom Dikken and Senior Vice-President (Eastern Hemisphere) Mr. Reuchlin, opened a Representative Office at the FMI Center on Bogyoke Aung San Street. (NLM 3/15) Mar. 21: The Myanmar Agriculture and Rural Development Bank, effective April 1, 1996, will raise its annual interest rate on savings from 10% to 12%. Rates on loans are unchanged. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 25: On April 1, the Government Employees Bank (GEB) will be opened "for the welfare of government employees and pensioners." It will be located in the Myanmar Economic Bank at 23/25 Sule Pagoda Road; MEB branches around Myanmar will serve as branches of the GEB. "The bank will disburse loans to government employees in service, pensioners drawing monthly pensions and those who are enjoying financial assistance monthly. The loans will be ten times the monthly income for every individual. The interest is five per cent per annum. The loans are to be repaid in 24 months or less starting the month after drawing the loan. Each person can draw a new loan after repaying the loan in full." (NLM 3/26) Tourism Mar. 1: 324 tourists arrived on the ms Mermoz, and toured Yangon. (NLM 3/2) // Mar. 2: 105 of them visited Bagan; 145 visited Bago and the Hlegu Vegetable and Fruit Research Centre; 13 visited Yangon pagodas. (NLM 3/3) // Mar. 3: The ship departed. (NLM 3/4) Mar. 28: The Salon Mondiale du Tourisme in Paris (Mar. 27-Apr. 1) has awarded Myanmar the "Gulliver of the Revelation of the Year" [sic] award, based on tourist films on Myanmar broadcast over French TV. One was "Trains Like No Others," about the Yangon-Mandalay Railway. "The programmes mainly featured crowded old buses, trains and village life." As a result the Myanmar Embassy in Paris is issuing over 1,000 visas a month, up from 1,000 per year in the past. Myanmar Ambassador to France accepted the award on Mar. 27. (NLM 3/29) Gems Emporium Mar. 1: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe previewed the 33rd Myanma Gems Emporium. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 6: Over US$ 19 million of gems, jade, and pearl lots will be sold at competitive bidding from Mar. 7-14, comprising 215 gem lots worth US$ 4,912,460, 680 jade lots worth US$ 11,906,650, and 153 pearl lots worth US$ 2,385,000, for a total of US$ 19,204,110. In addition, gems, jade, jewellery, and jade carvings worth a total of US$ 3,172,178 will be sold at fixed prices. Inspection will be Mar. 7-8, bidding Mar. 9-14, and a special diplomatic sale on Mar. 13. Diplomats and newsmen previewed the Emporium. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 7: 183 merchants from 90 firms in 13 nations have come to attend the Emporium. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 8: 306 merchants from 171 firms in 15 nations have arrived. (NLM 3/9) Mar. 9: 41 jade lots were sold by bidding for US$ 391,412, and fixed-price items brought US$ 117,877. There are 412 merchants from 229 firms in 15 nations present. (NLM 3/10) Mar. 10: 63 jade lots were sold by bidding for US$ 1,499,862, and fixed-price items brought US$ 60,891. 425 merchants from 237 firms in 15 nations are present. (NLM 3/11) Mar. 11: 42 jade lots were sold by bidding for US$ 1,142,925, and fixed-price items brought US$ 35,100. 446 merchants from 240 firms in 15 nations are present. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 12: 45 jade lots were sold by bidding for US$ 1,151,116, and fixed price items brought US$ 16,196. Prizes were given to Mme. B. Zalcman of Switzerland who has attended the Emporium 33 consecutive times, and Mr. Wong Wai Hung of Wai Man Jade Trading of Hong Kong, who "spent the highest amount buying jade lots." (NLM 3/13) Mar. 13: 74 lots of pearls were sold by bidding for US$ 642,454, and fixed price items brought US$ 81,318. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 15: On Mar. 14, 170 lots of gems were sold by bidding for US$ 1,211,857, 11 lots of rough jade for US$ 839,654, and 156 pieces of rough jade for US$ 1,890,320. On Mar. 15, 24 lots of gems were sold by bidding for US$ 504,878. Total sales for the Gems Emporium, of jade, pearl and gems sold by competitive bidding and jewellery and jade carvings at fixed prices, was US$ 5,760,400 (K 33,450,648). (NLM 3/16) Bago Trade Fair Mar. 4: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe attended the opening of the Lower Myanmar Industrial Exhibition in Bago, near the Shwehmawdaw Pagoda. The exhibition includes 319 booths of industries, handcrafts, and personal goods, as well as various government agencies. The exhibition will last until Mar. 13. [page of photos] (NLM 3/5) // Mar. 5: 50,000 visited the Exhibition, and goods worth K 1.1 million were sold. (NLM 3/6) // Mar. 6: The exhibition continued, with 55,000 visitors; sales were K 1.3 million. // Mar. 9: The exhibition continued, with 70,000 visitors; sales were K 2.7 million. (NLM 3/10) // Mar. 11: The exhibition continued, with 53,000 visitors; sales were K 1.7 million. (NLM 3/12) // Mar. 12: The exhibition continued, with 30,000 visitors; sales were K 1.6 million. (NLM 3/13) // Mar. 13: The Exhibition concluded, with 31,000 visitors; sales for the day were K 1.8 million. (NLM 3/14) // Mar. 14: SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo attended the formal closing on Mar. 13. (NLM 3/15) Gas and Oil Mar. 6: Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein visited an oil-rig in Block 5 of the Yadana offshore gas field on Mar. 5, accompanied by General Manager Mr. H. Madeo of Total Myanmar Exploration and Production and Mr. Wergen, and was briefed on new gas finds. "Gas was found in the limestone layer in Yadana and Sein gas fields and in the sandstone layer in Padamya gas field. Finding of gas at Sein and Padamya fields in addition to Yadana field enhances offshore gas productive capacity to a significant extent." (NLM 3/7) Mar. 24: Test Well No. 1 of Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) was launched six miles from Sittway Township in Rakhine State. (NLM 3/25) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: YA KA CY 1987 97.01 100.98 95.43 1988 99.17 100.00 107.76 1989 96.22 100.59 102.76 1990 118.35 109.92 122.84 1991 91.81 83.78 96.65 1992 81.34 96.02 95.98 1993 82.64 111.18 95.12 1994 120.16 120.94 117.36 1995 104.84 100.47 98.27 1996 as of March 1 2.32 2.91 2.68 March 15 2.48 2.99 2.68 March 30 2.48 3.15 2.68 HEALTH Health Articles Mar. 22: Primary Oral Health Care Experience in Myanmar, by Dr. May May Kyaing. [Primary oral health care: at the moment there are 14 dental surgeons, 2 dental nurses, 40 health assistants, 426 other basic health staff, 36 community health workers, and 60 schoolteachers involved in the program, in 12 townships.] Immunizations Mar. 10: On this, the second National Immunization Day, booster shots for polio were given all over the country. (NLM 3/11-12) SPORTS Myanmar Teams and Delegations Mar. 5: A women's sports delegation led by Vice-President Daw Nu Nu Yi of the Myanmar Women's Sports Federation left for the Philippines to attend a Mar. 7-10 Conference on Sports and Women's Sector of Asian Nations. Other members are Secretary Daw Phyu Phyu and Executive Daw Kyu Kyu. (NLM 3/7) Mar. 29: A 26-member Tatmadaw football team led by Deputy Adjutant-General of the Adjutant-General's Office Col. Ye Tun left for Laos to compete in goodwill matches commemorating the 47th anniversary of Lao Armed Forces Day. (NLM 3/30) Foreign Teams, Coaches, etc. Feb. 29: An Olympic Solidarity National Sports Leadership Course directed by Mr. Robert C.W. von Bose concluded, in the presence of President of Myanmar National Olympic Committee Minister at the Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 8: Asian Zone Chairman Mr. Isunekazu Takeda of the International Equestrian Federation met with President Police Brig-Gen. Hla Tun of the Myanmar Equestrian Federation to discuss cooperation, and visit the K 90 million equestrian sports ground being constructed in Dagon Myothit (North). (NLM 3/9) Hole-in-One Mar. 2: Assistant General Manager U Aung Kyi of Restaurant and Beverage Enterprise scored an ace Mar. 1 on the 128-yard 6th hole of the Sagaing Golf Course. (NLM 3/3) Best Sportsman Awards Mar. 13: Maj. Myint Soe (shooting) and Ma Khin Khin Htwe (track and field) were awarded the 1995 Best Sportsman Awards for men and women. Each is worth K 300,000. (NLM 3/14) CULTURAL Cultural and Scientific Articles Mar. 4: "FREDA's intentions..." by Dr. Tin Maung Aung. ["'During the 12 years that I have served as the FAO Representative in Myanmar, I have had the privilege of travelling to many parts of the country, in particular to a number of forested areas. I cannot help but admire it's [sic] rich forest resources...' Mr. Oscar J.S. Lazo (FAO Rep., 1981-93)." On Jan. 16, 1996 was formed the Forest Resources, Environment Development and Conservation Association (FREDA), an NGO located in Building No. 124, Yawmingyi Street, Dagon Township. Its charter objectives are {full text}: a. To promote forest resources development activities in the Union of Myanmar. b. Tp effectively participate in harvesting, processing and marketing of forest-based products of international standard under the framework of the market oriented economic policy. c. To assist and organize the local communities in order to achieve their goals for the sustainable supply of forest produce such as wood, non-wood and fuel wood. d. To receive, acquire and cooperate from/within the national/international organizations/private entrepreneurs, expertise for the forestry sector development. e. To help and participate in the activities such as effective conservation and protection of forest resources, wildlife and the natural environment. f. To critically review, analyze and advise the relevant authority or body from time to time, in line with the changing trends of resource position, so as to promote the forestry sector development and g. To participate effectively in building a green, pleasant, modernised and fully developed new state. A library is planned.] Mar. 5: Renaissance of the Myanmar Marionette Theatre (reprinted from Golden Myanmar, Vol. I, No. 1, 1995). [History and description of Myanmar marionettes. Although there are earlier records of puppets, U Thaw, named Minister for Theatre (thabin wun) by King Singu in 1776, established the modern rules, including the 28 puppets in a Myanmar puppet troupe. The traditional characters are: 1 Thagyamin (King of the Celestial Beings), 1 King, 1 Queen, 1 Hermit, 1 Prince, 1 Princess, 1 Grand Price or Prince Regent, 1 villain, 4 ministers, 2 clowns, 1 good spirit (nat), 1 evil spirit, 2 royal page boys, 1 old man, 1 old woman, 1 natkadaw (votaress), 1 Brahmin, 1 monkey, 2 ogres, 1 zawgyi (magician-cum-alchemist), 1 horse, and 1 elephant. The troupe included 11 "front people" (shay-lu) comprising 3 principal vocalists, 2 leading manipulators, 1 assistant manipulator, 4 vocalists, and a "keeper of puppets" (sin-htein). There were also "back people" (nauk-lu) consisting of musicians. Most of the stories are based on the 550 Jatakas (birth stories of the Buddhas), especially the 10 main Jatakas. The golden age was between 1750 and 1930, when movies began to replace live entertainment. Revival of this art form is very important.] Mar. 11: International Women's Day, 1996, by Dr. Win May. [Discussion of the Platform for Action adopted at the Beijing World Conference on Women. A study of gender roles in Pardagyi village in Myanmar.] Mar. 23: Let us deeply pay homage to the Auspicious Ceremony for hoisting the sacred umbrella of the Lakamanicula Pagoda in Lumbini Park, by Ba Sein (Religious Affairs). [Completion, on April 7, 1996, of pagoda built by Myanmar in Lumbini Park, Nepal, the birthplace of Lord Buddha.] Mar. 23: Meteorology -- A new dimension in the world of sports, by Maung Tun Lwin (Meteorology). [Importance of weather and climate to sporting events and sporting teams.] Religion [There were regular reports of donations, and voluntary labour, for the Tooth Relic Pagodas under construction in Yangon and Mandalay.] Feb. 29: Addressing the conclusion of Yangon Division Buddhist Teachings (Basic Level) Instructor Course No. 2/96, Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt "said Myanmar can stand tall among the comity of nations because Myanmar people have acquired and followed Buddhist teachings.... He said Buddhist teachings precisely indicate what are right and what are wrong and so every Myanmar national will have to learn them well.... He cited certain acts tarnishing the real values of Buddhism. This led to emergence of impersonators who advocate easy way to riches. The minister warned of attempts to introduce alien thoughts, concepts and counter culture in disregard of own language, culture and literature. Indicating possible danger to the people of Myanmar under the influence of Western counter culture and thoughts, he called on the trainees to be well-informed about Buddha so that they themselves will have faith in Him and follow His teachings unswervingly. Then only will Buddhism last in Myanmar, he said." 688 USDA members attended the one-week Yangon Division course. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 3: The Government presented religious titles to 99 Sayadaws, nuns, and laymen, on the occasion of Tabaung Fullmoon Day. Their names had been announced under Notification No. 1/96 of Jan. 4, 1996. [2 pages of photos] (NLM 3/4) Publications Mar. 13: The Yangon Directory 1996 has been published by the Yangon City Development Committee (now printed in Singapore), with listings of 20,000 businesses, 1,200 advertisements, phone numbers, detailed colour maps of Yangon Townships, and travel information. It can be obtained for K 200 at bookshops, etc. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 15: History of the Tatmadaw, Vol. IV, 1948-1962, is published by the Directorate of Defence Services Museum and Historical Research Institute. The 300-page book is available as of Mar. 18, 1996, from the National Convention Bookshop and the News and Periodicals Enterprise Bookshop. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 19: Foreign Trade Statistics of Myanmar 1992-93 has been released by the Central Statistics Organization. It provides "complete disaggregated data on import and export, both normal and border, according the Myanmar Tariff and Statistical Nomenclature and Classification." The 584-page book is available at Sarpay Beikman Bookshop and the CSO. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 28: The Printing and Publishing Enterprise of the Ministry of Information published the Pyimyanmar News Journal for staff welfare funds. The 16-page journal (in Burmese) "includes news on literary, film, music, economy, sports and other events," will come out twice a month. (NLM 3/29) Computers Articles continued throughout the month concerning the installation of computers, often donated, at high schools around the country; the ceremonies were sometimes attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. Mar. 16: The Office of Masterpiece Engineering Group and computer training centre were opened by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi at 232 Innwa Literature House, Sule Pagoda Road. "The computer training course will open on 23 March. Scanning dictionaries and other publications for backup and copy with recordable CD will be taught there for the first time with twelve 486DX4 type computers. Contact phone 72101." (NLM 3/17) Mar. 28: Computer Exhibition '96 opened at the Institute of Computer Science and Technology, as it celebrated its 8th anniversary. SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt spoke, and reviewed the history of computers in Myanmar. (NLM 3/29) Universities and Institutes Mar. 1: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt attended a ceremony establishing a trust fund for new generation Archaeology Students. Cash donations totalling K 694,150 were received for the fund, including a donation of K 200,000 from Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, K 100,000 from Yangon Commander Brig-Gen. Khin Maung Than, and K 100,000 from the Ministry of Trade. (NLM 3/2) Mar. 2: The Institute of Education of Mandalay will hold its first convocation on May 28. Pathein Degree College, Sittway Degree College, and Workers College will hold their 84th Convocation (1993-94 graduates) at Yangon University on April 5-6, and the 85th on April 26-27. (NLM 3/3) Mar. 3: The Institute of Dental Medicine held its 16th Convocation, with Rector Dr. Myint Naing conferring master's degrees on 17 and bachelor's degrees on 52. (NLM 3/4) Mar. 5: Graduates of the Oriental Studies (Pali) Department of Yangon University will set up a trust fund at the Universities Dhammayon on Mar. 9. Persons wishing to contribute may contact the "Oriental Studies Department or the Rector of the department or the Pro-Rector dialling 32288 or 33119 or 26282. (NLM 3/6) Mar. 11: Notice [full text]: Applications invited for admission to universities Scrutiny and Selection Committee for Admission to Universities, Higher Education Department, has announced that students who have passed the Basic Education High School Examination from A list either in old or new system may apply for admission to University of Distant Education and other universities and colleges. Guide books, application forms and marks will be issued at the respective examination centres for K 32 beginning 18 March 1996. Those who have passed the BEHS Examination before 1995 and have never applied for admission can apply for admission to the UDE (or) the Workers College (or) Mandalay Evening Classes after obtaining the guide book and application forms for K 32. Those who have passed the regular four-year primary teachership training course of the University for Development of National Races, equal to BEHS A list, may also apply for admission to UDE, after obtaining guide books and application forms at the Offices of the State/Division Education Officers. Completed applications are to be sent to Higher Education Department on Thaton Road, Yangon, not later than 8 April, Monday. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 15: The University for Development of National Races held its Fifth Convocation, with Chairman North-West Commander Maj-Gen. Hla Myint conferring 44 degrees: 5 M Ed., 6 M Phil(Ed), 33 B Ed. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 16: The Yangon Institute of Technology held its 28th Convocation, with Rector U Khin Soe conferring degrees on 688 students, including 124 in absentia. (NLM 3/17) Mar. 19: A two-year full-time Master of Business Administration (MBA) course will open in June at the Institute of Economics. Applicants, who will be chosen by an examination and interview, may obtain application and information packets for K 300 at the Institute (Hlaing Campus) beginning Mar. 29. Closing date is April 11. (NLM 3/ 20) Mar. 29: At a dinner commemorating the 8th anniversary of the Institute of Computer Science and Technology, attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, 40 well-wishers presented K 2.18 million for a "trust fund for new generation students." (NLM 3/30) Bagan Pagoda Restoration [There is a daily advertisement, in Burmese, for the "adopt a Bagan pagoda" scheme, with a photograph of a different damage pagoda daily.] Feb. 29: International Ship Inspection Engineer U Kyi Khin, Daw Hta Hta Thein and family donated K 150,000 for renovation of one pagoda. Lecturer Daw Ahmar Sein (Yodayabyan Ahmar Sein) of the University of Culture donated K 100,000 for a pagoda. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 1: Donations: K 200,000 from Employees of the News and Periodicals Enterprise, for renovation of the Shwemyintin Pagoda in Bagan. [unless indicated, donation is for renovation of an unspecified "pagoda"] (NLM 3/2) Mar. 2: Restoration of Bagan pagodas will cost K 100,000 (small pagoda), K 200,000 (medium), and K 300,000 and up (huge). "The name and address of donor will be inscribed." Those interested in donating should contact the Ministry of Culture (Minister's Office), 131 Kaba Aye Pagoda Road, Yangon (Tel: 43233, 43234, 43235); or Archaeology Department (Head Office), 32-D, 6« Miles, Pyay Road, Yangon (Tel: 31179, 32850, 32127); or Archaeology Branch Office, Mandalay (Tel: 02-21720, 02-26803); or Archaeology Branch Office, Bagan (Tel: 062-70104). (NLM 3/3) Mar. 2: K 100,000 from Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, Daw Than Than Myint and family, for renovation of the Hsinkhan Pagoda. K 150,000 from Chief Justice U Aung Toe, Daw Aye Aye Kyi and family. K 300,000 from Chairman U Thein Tun and party of Pepsi Cola Product Myanmar. (NLM 3/3) Mar. 3: K 100,000 from Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt, Daw Yin Yin Shwe and family. K 100,000 from Government Office service personnel. K 500,000 from Ministry of Health service personnel. K 300,000 from Foreign Ministry service personnel for the Hsutaungpyeh Pagoda. K 100,000 from Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Settlement Maj-Gen. Soe Myint, Daw Tin Tin Oo and family. Private donations [names given] totalling K 1,600,000. Mar. 4: Private donations [names given] totalling K 1,200,000. (NLM 3/5) Mar. 6: K 100,000 from Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin, wife Daw May Nyunt Yi and family. K 115,000 from Deputy Minister for Home Affairs Col. Tin Hlaing, Daw Khin Hla Hla and family. K 200,000 from Ministry service personnel. K 300,000 from Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement service personnel. K 100,000 from SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo, wife Daw Khin Than Nwe and family. K 150,000 from Minister at the Prime Minister's Office U Khin Maung Yin, wife Daw Khin Khin Than and family. 416,500 from private donors (including K 16,000 from "pilgrims from Thailand led by Missionary Sayadaw U Yevata.") (NLM 3/7) Mar. 7: K 100,000 from Chairman U Maung Maung Gyi of the Civil Service Selection and Training Board, wife Daw Khin May and family. Private donations were K 200,000. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 8: K 200,000 from Minister for Industry-2 Maj-Gen. Kyaw Than, wife Daw Sein Sein and family. K 300,000 from Ministry public service employees. Private donations were K 750,000. (NLM 3/9) Mar. 9: K 300,000 from judicial personnel, for restoration of the Lawkahmankin Pagoda. Private donations were K 500,000. (NLM 3/10) Mar. 11: Private donations were K 350,000. (NLM 3/12) Mar. 12: K 250,000 from the Ministry of Labour. Private donations were K 900,000. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 13: Minister for Culture Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint, accompanied by Director U Nyunt Han of the Archaeology Department, inspected restoration work in Bagan, including "excavation of the moat in the north of the Tharapa Gate and feeding of water into the excavated section of the moat," "restoration of a section of Sulamani Pagoda built by King Narapati Sithu" damaged by an earthquake, and "restoration of Shin Arahan Brick Monastery in Nyaung U." He also visited the construction site of the Bagan Archaeological Museum. K 300,000 from Public Service Personnel of the Ministry of Mines. Private donations totalled K 400,000. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 14: K 100,000 from Minister at the Prime Minister's Office U Than Shwe, wife Daw Yin Yin Mya and family, for restoration of pagodas Nos. 1348 and 1349. K 100,000 from Capt. Thein Aung of the Office of Commander-in-Chief (Navy), wife Dr. Theint Aung Thu and family. Private donations totalled K 300,000. (NLM 3/15) Mar. 15: K 350,000 from employees of the Attorney-General's Office and Law Offices. K 300,000 from Minister at the SLORC Chairman's Office Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, wife Daw Khin Lay Tint, and family. K 300,000 from employees of the Bureau of Special Investigation. Private donations totalled K 470,000. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 16: K 200,000 was donated by units of the No. 88 Light Infantry Division. Private donations totalled K 210,000. (NLM 3/ 17) Mar. 17: NLM for March 18 not received. Mar. 18: K 350,000 was donated by naval personnel. Private donations totalled K 950,000. (NLM 3/19) Mar. 19: K 350,000 was donated by employees of Defence Services Intelligence. K 200,000 from Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin, Daw Nu Nu and family. K 150 from Director-General U Arnt Kyaw of the Foreign Economic Relations Department, wife Daw Khin May and family. Private donations totalled K 1,130,000. The restoration work was inspected by Deputy Minister for Culture U Soe Nyunt. (NLM 3/20) Mar. 20: K 200,000 from Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, wife Prof. Dr. Nang Oo and family. K 1,500,000 from Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay and Yangon City Development Committee employees; K 100,000 from Minister at the Prime Minister's Office Col. Pe Thein. Private donations totalled K 750,000. (NLM 3/21) Mar. 21: Private donations totalled K 1,700,000. (NLM 3/22) Mar. 22: Troops of Western Command donated K 200,000. Private donations totalled K 864,700, including donations for Pagodas Nos. 1919 and 1195. (NLM 3/23) Mar. 25: Troops of the Air Force donated K 350,000. Private donations totalled K 1,260,000. (NLM 3/26) Mar. 26: Employees of the Auditor-General's Office donated K 150,000. Private donations totalled K 1,608,000. (NLM 3/27) Mar. 28: K 100,000 from Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt, wife Daw Yin Yin Shwe and family. K 500,000 from employees of the Ministry of Health. K 150,000 from Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, wife Daw Than Than Myint and family. K 350,000 from employees of the Ministry of Transport. K 100,000 from Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung, Daw Khin Than Nwe and family. K 300,000 from staff of the Ministry of Livestock Breeding & Fisheries. K 100,000 from Minister at the Office of the Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Lt-Gen. Min Thein, Daw Khin Than and family. Private donations totalled K 450,000. (NLM 3/29) Film on Myanmar Mar. 9: "A Journey into Myanmar" by photographer Zaw Min Yu, sponsored by Serge Pun & Associates (Myanmar) Ltd., opened at the IMF Center, and was attended by Deputy Minister for Hotels and Tourism Brig-Gen. Tin Aye. The film, he said, "depicts the spiritual strength of Myanmar people, together withe the uniqueness of the physical features." It will help promote tourism among world travellers. (NLM 3/10) Journalism Mar. 20: Discussions were held at Sarpay Beikman between the Myanmar Writers and Journalists Association (Chairman U Myo Thant {Maung Hsu Shin}, Vice Chairman U Hla Myaing {Ko Hsaung}, Secretary U Win Pe {Monywa Win Pe}) and the Myanmar Printers and Publishers Association (Chairman U Kyi Nyunt, Vice-Chairmen U Maung Maung and U Saw Lwin). Cooperation and exchanges were agreed on. (NLM 3/21) MISCELLANEOUS Sunday and Holiday Supplements Mar. 3,10,17,31: For over a year, each weekly Sunday Supplement has listed "Our Three Main National Causes," two lists of "Special Projects," and "Slogans" for the National Convention [for texts see issue of January 1996] Mar. 3,10,17,31: Towards a modern nation through all-round development, by Warazein. [Cont. Endeavours of the Ministry of Health. (ii) Survey of meetings, etc. (iii) medical institutions. Endeavours of the Ministry of Education. (i) Formation (1991 & 1995) and duties of the Myanmar Education Committee, headed by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. Since its formation, it reorganized the Department of Correspondence Course into the University of Distant Education; held national and local meetings and competitions, and worked with international agencies; introduced the continuous assessment and programmes system, on an experimental basis; arranged for the publication of grammars, dictionaries, and spelling book approved by the Myanmar Language Commission; raised Bago and Monywa colleges to degree colleges, and Taunggyi and Magway Degree colleges to University status; opened Dagon University, and NOC classes at the Institute of Computer Science and Technology; revived the University Training Corps; opened monastic schools; celebrated the Yangon University Diamond Jubilee; approved Master of Business Administration (MBA) programmes at the Institute of Economics; submitted "to the Government the case of opening the International School"; etc. (ii) Myanmar Education Committee. Basic Education Department: current figures (1994-95) -- 38,788 schools, 235,898 teachers.] Mar. 3: Bagan which will keep on developing, by Khayan Soe Myint. [Restoration work: "27 ancient pagodas and zedis on either side of the Anawrahta Road, the main road in Bagan were selected and renovation and maintenance tasks are being carried out. Moreover, 260 pagodas and zedis in Bagan which are about to fall apart will be repaired and renovated within a four-year period at a total cost of K 13 million allotted by the State. In addition to this, over 700 sites of ancient pagodas and edifices which are in the midst of cultivated land will be excavated and restored systematically by Preservation Leading Committee and work committees which have been formed."] -- National brethren greatly encouraged and pleased, by Myo Kyaw Aung. [By new railways in Kalay Township area.] -- Aiming at ensuring better transportation, by Aung Htun Thein. [New riverboats from China.] -- Progress of rubber growing with momentum, by Maung Seikpyo. [Plans for expansion. "Planting of rubber is arrived out by contract sharing the lessor K 7000 {per acre} for site clearing and K 15000 for full cultivation."] -- Ayeyawady River Bridge (Pyay) construction project, by Reporter Mying Naing. [The 4,183 foot long, 28 foot wide, bridge will have a capacity of 60 tons, and cost K 706.7 million in local currency and K 100 million in foreign exchange; completion is expected in three years.] Mar. 10: Inlay illuminated with electric power, by Than Wai (Taunggyi). [Visit to Inlay Lake region, where there is now electric power.] -- The important role of township development committees for national development, by Maung Sipin. [In February, SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo reviewed the importance of the institution, especially since 1990 when the number was expanded from 243; there are now 286] -- Endeavours for industrial development, by Htun Htun Min. [Lower Myanmar Industrial Exhibition.] -- Victory over polio with people's might, by Mawgyun Myint Aung. [National Immunization Days -- Feb. 10 and Mar. 10, 1996.] -- A farm contributing toward agricultural development, by Myint Naing. [Lah-htat-pyin farm in Pyay Township, started in Dec. 1979, with purposes: (1) Not to suffer loss of business; (2) To do cultivation, sparing no vacant land; (3) To build roads within the farm and to obtain electricity; (4) To make water available for cultivation; (5) To be clean, neat and pleasant; and (6) To be secured. In 1994-95, expenses were K 1,048,637; earnings were K 1,161,380; leaving a profit of K 112,724, or K 867 per acre. "The farm is indeed meeting success."] Mar. 17: Aiming at strengthening national solidarity, by Aung Htun Thein. [University for the Development of National Races.] -- Victory of double cropping summer paddy, by Mawgyun Myint Aung. [In Kyunthaya, near Mawlamyinegyun in Ayeyawady Division.] -- The genuine goodwill of the State, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Myanma Industrial Development Bank, with capital of K 2 billion, "will give out loans to the industrialists, especially the private ones, so that they might have capital for investment."] -- Myanma-Daewoo Co. which is transferring technical knowhow, by Reporter Thant Zin. [Car repair, car assembly, eventually manufacture of car parts.] Mar. 27 (Armed Forces Day): The People, The Government, the Tatmadaw, by Min Kyaw Min. [Are indivisible partners.] -- Our ever-strong Tatmadaw, by Soe Naung. [Needed by the nation.] -- To enhance noble traditions of the Tatmadaw, by Theimm Htut. [The twelve traditions.] -- The Tatmadaw always strives for national solidarity, progress and prosperity, by Pe Than. [Patriotism of the Tatmadaw.] -- Tatmadaw always one with the people, by Maung Dawna. [From 1886 to 1945.] -- To ensure Tatmadaw to be able to grow strong, by Pa Pa Waddy. [Need for Union Solidarity and Development Association.] Mar. 31: Discussions on technology transfer, by Thant Zin Aung. [Otis elevator seminar held on Jan. 11; there are about 150 Otis elevators and escalators in Yangon.] -- The development of banking industry, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Growth of banking under SLORC.] -- Aiming at developing the industrial sector, by Aung Htun Thein. [Lower Myanmar Industrial Exhibition in Bago.] -- Agriculture supportive cooperative society, by Saw Hla Tun. [Coops in Chaung U Township, Sagaing Division.] -- Myinmu Township achieving success in growing cotton, by Maung Kyi Thaw. [Record of progress in Sagaing Division.] Crime Mar. 1: Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin told Myanmar Police Force officials that the "crime rate decreased when compared with 1994," and stressed "the need to take precautionary measures to bring down the crime rate in the entire country." (NLM 3/2) Anti-Narcotics Activities Feb. 29: 83 bottles of Phensedyl were seized on a bus leaving Tamu for Monywa. (NLM 3/1) Mar. 5: 0.33 kilo of heroin block, and 70 viss of jade, were seized Feb. 27 in Kyukok (Pangsai). Further searches turned up a total of 2.2 kilos of heroin block, another 70 viss of jade, and weapons. 2.6 kilos of opium were seized Feb. 20 in Mohnyin. (NLM 3/6) Mar. 6: Between Dec. 21, 1995 and Mar. 5, 1996, teams of Tatmadaw and local authorities destroyed 2,226.9 acres of opium poppy in Pinlaung and Phekhon regions of Shan State; 22.9 acres in Momauk, Mohnhyin, Tanai, and Kamaing regions of Kachin State; and 15 acres in Thangtlang region of Chin State, for a total of 2,264.8 acres. (NLM 3/ 7) Mar. 10: In Tashwetan Village, Kokang Region, Shan State, "The Commander, local nationals and representative of the PRC destroyed 200 acres of opium plantation" on Mar. 8. In Hemolon Village, Mongko Region, 200 acres of opium plantation were destroyed, along with 218.9 gallons of hydrochloric acid, 135.5 gallons of sulphuric acid, 2,020 gallons of acetic anhydride, 15 gallons of "liquid compound", 63.0 gallons of lysol, 280 gallons of chloroform, 128.3 kilos of ammonium chloride, 2,600 kilos of sodium carbonate, 500 kilos of coal, and 568 items of paraphernalia. "It was the 12th ceremony of anti-drug movements and 319.55 kilogrammes of heroin, 177.28 kilogrammes of opium, 151 kilos of morphine base, 2,085 gallons of acetic anhydride, 7,736 acres of opium plantations, 18 refineries and a large volume of chemicals and paraphernalia were destroyed in northern Shan State." (NLM 3/ 11) Mar. 13: 10.6 kilos of raw opium were seized Feb. 28 in PyinOoLwin. (NLM 3/14) Mar. 16: 12.2 kilos of raw opium were seized Feb. 24 at the Mandalay Railway Station. (NLM 3/17) Mar. 16: During February 1996, the Tatmadaw seized 10.5 kilos of heroin, 8.6 kilos of opium, and 14.8 litres of Phensedyl. The police seized 5.6 kilos of heroin (97) cases, 66.7 kilos of opium (30 cases), 32.0 kilos of marijuana (36 cases), 108.8 litres of Phensedyl (12 cases), 0.04 kilo of heavy opium (1 case), and 0.004 kilo of dried opium (1 case). There were 112 cases of failure to register for treatment, and 5 other drug-related cases. Customs seized 0.8 kilo of marijuana (1 case). Action was taken against 400 persons in 295 drug-related cases. Included in the police seizures, joint police-Tatmadaw actions seized 15.2 kilos of opium (4 cases), 4.2 kilos of heroin (4 cases), 86.1 litres of Phensedyl (4 cases), and 7.2 kilos of marijuana (2 cases). (NLM 3/17) Mar. 24: 4 litres of Phensedyl were seized Mar. 22 in Kengtung, along with K 129,910 and a motorcycle. (NLM 3/25) Mar. 26: 31.1 kilos of opium were seized Feb. 28 in Phakant. (NLM 3/27) Mar. 29: 0.01 kilo of heroin was seized Mar. 18 in Kyukok (Pangsai). (NLM 3/30) Engagement Mar. 3: Ni Ni Zaw, daughter of U Zaw Win (Educational Research Officer, Retd.) and Daw Khin Kyin Aye of Yangon, became engaged to Daniel Nay Hlaing, Senior Project Engineer, ESE Inc., Gainesville, Florida, USA, son of Prof. Dr. Khin Hlaing (Retd) and Dr. Cho Nwe Oo of Yangon. (NLM 3/4) Marriages July 16, 1995: Hla Ohn Mae, daughter of U Khin Maung Aye and Daw Than Than Nwe of Yangon married Maung Than Win, Engineering Geologist, Bored Piling Pte. Ltd. Singapore, son of Daw Ma Ma She and the late U Po Htun, in Singapore. (NLM 3/19) Mar. 16: Steven Law, Managing Director, Asia World Co. Ltd., married Cecilia Ng, S.H. Trading Singapore [no date given]. (Advertisement from Lian Huat Shipping Co., NLM 3/16) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are obituaries in Burmese as well.] Feb. 20: U Ba Toke (a) Bertie Myint, Conservator of Forests, 1st World Tourist from Myanmar Touring the World by Motor-cycle, Scout Master, Grandson of 1st Myanmar Envoy to France (Thandawsint U Pe), husband of Daw Tin Tin Sein, died in Thandwe, aged 84. (NLM 3/27) Feb. 29: Mr. S. Philip Raja, Manager (Retd) ADB II Forestry Project, President (Retd) Legion of Mary, husband of Mrs. Lily Philip (nee Ignatius), died in Yangon, aged 70. [Catholic] (NLM 3/1) Mar. 1: Rev. S.T. Hau Go, BA (Judson College), MA (Madras), MRE (USA), (Retd Asst Lecturer, Philosophy & English Dept), husband of Nu Luan Za Cing, father of...Zen Khan Niang (USA), Ciin Khan Man (USA)... died in Yangon, aged 75. [Christian] (NLM 3/2) Mar. 3: U Bo Bo Kyi, died in Yebyu Township, Dawei. [Baptist] (Acknowledgement, NLM 3/16) Mar. 5: T.K. Moorthy (RA), husband of the late Padmawathi, died in Yangon, aged 88. [Hindu] (NLM 3/6) Mar. 6: Ahmed Ali Bham, husband of the late Hawa Bi Bi Doodha, father of Dr. Ameen A. Bham (Australia), Dr. Sulaiman A. Bham (Allan) (USA)...grandfather of Dr. Shameem Bham (USA), Leila Bham (USA)...died in Yangon, aged 88. [Muslim] (NLM 3/9) Mar. 7: U Thein Hla, Assistant Director (Retd), Chief of Yangon Division Fire Brigade, husband of Daw Nyunt May, father of...U Ko Win (Australia)..., died in Yangon, aged 76. (NLM 3/8) Mar. 9: U Kyaw Tha, husband of Daw Thu Nu Sein, died in Yangon, aged 85. (NLM 3/ 10) Mar. 10: U Chan Htoon, Asst. Commissioner of Income Tax (Retd.), husband of Daw Tin Tin Hla, father of U Aung Htut Wain and Daw Hla Hla Tun (Australia)...died in Yangon, aged 78. (NLM 3/13) Mar. 11: Maj. Daw Than Myint, Air-1197 (Retd.), Head of Office (Retd.) Ministry of Trade, died in Yangon, aged 68. [Christian] (NLM 3/12) Mar. 14: Daw Khin Khin Sein (Danubyu), wife of the late U Soe Myint (Director-General, Defence Services Institute), died in Yangon, aged 83. (NLM 3/16) Mar. 15: State Ovadacariya Abhidhaja Maha Rattha Guru Bhaddanta Sasana, Patron of Magway Division Pakokku Sasana Wipular Rama Mandalay Taikkyi, vassa 79, died in Pakokku, aged 99. (news article NLM 3/17) Mar. 16: Mohamed Yacoob, Ex-Managing Partner, Mohamed Eusoof & Co., husband of the late Aisha Khatoon, died in Yangon, aged 63. [Muslim] (NLM 3/19) Mar. 21: Mohamed Yacoob, Ex-Managing Director, Mohamed Eusoof & Co. (Tiles Manufacturer), husband of the late Aisha Khatoon, died in Yangon, aged 63. [Muslim] (NLM 3/22) Mar. 24: U Saw Ba Twe, Retd. IP, CID, Insein, husband of the late Daw Bessie Po Gyaw, died in Yangon, aged 98. [Baptist] (NLM 3/25) Mar. 30: Mrs. Pushpa Thanga Raj, wife of Mr. Frank Thanga Raj (Computer Dept., The New Light of Myanmar), died in Yangon, aged 40. [Christian] (NLM 3/31) Fires Feb. 29: During January 1996, there were 112 fires causing damage of K 74.8 million. 1,870 houses, 12 mills and work establishments, and 2 godowns were destroyed, leaving 2,875 persons homeless. 5 persons and 7 animals were killed and 2 persons injured. 95 (85.9%) of the fires were due to kitchen fire or negligence, 13 to short circuits, and 4 to arson. (NLM 3/1) Earthquake Mar. 5: An earthquake of strong intensity (6.4 Richter) was recorded at 21:30:00 local time with epicentre 1982 miles NE of Yangon. (NLM 3/7) New Postage Stamps Mar. 6: Three commemorative stamps will be issued Mar. 14 to commemorate Visit Myanmar Year 1996. The three stamps are in denominations of 50 pya, 4 kyat, and 5 kyat, and show the VMY mascot doll and, respectively, an Inle Lake leg-rower, the Karaweik Barge replica in Yangon, and a Mandalay moat gateway. (NLM 3/7) Billboards Restricted Mar. 7: The Yangon City Development Committee notes that "posters, advertisements and billboards" have been set up without permission from the YCDC Engineering Department (Buildings). Permits must be obtained (Tel: 01-80163). (NLM 3/9) New License Plates Mar 19: "Number plates uniformly made of aluminium embossed plates" will be installed on vehicles beginning Mar. 18. Number plates from 7Ka/5901 and Ka Ka/4201, and motorcycle plates from Ya/9501 will received the new plates when they register; beginning April 1 a new registration site will be opened in Dagon Myothit (South) to cover half of Yangon townships. (NLM 3/20) Wild Elephants Mar. 19: Wild elephants are causing damage to crops at the Hline Yoma forest reserve in Taikkyi Township, Yangon Division, and the Nyinaung forest reserve in Mawlamyinegyun Township, Ayeyawady Division. In Taikkyi, using six tame elephants, wild elephants were driven back to the Bago Yoma in Sept. 1995, but they came back. Some are now being trapped by "skilled persons." "Wild elephants are being captured and trained. They continue to catch the remainder." In Mawlamyinegyun, 11 elephants were tranquilized and sent by Z-craft 150 miles to the Myittaya forest reserve in Ngaputaw Township, where food is abundant. One "is being trained to be used in forest industry." (NLM 3/20) ----- SUBSCRIPTIONS & RENEWALS ATT: Burma Press Summary Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 230 International Studies Building 910 South Fifth Street Champaign, IL 61820 Tel: (217) 333-7273. Fax: (217) 244-5729 Annual Subscriptions: Individuals - US$50.00 Libraries & other Institutions - US$60.00 Add Postal surcharge for air delivery to: Canada - US$18.00 Europe - US$37.00 Asia - US$47.00 [additional charge for US$ check drawn on a foreign bank - $5.00] NOTE: Checks should be payable to: University of Illinois, with "Burma Press Summary" annotated on check. Correspondence concerning subscriptions, missing issues, etc., should be sent to the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies in Champaign, Illinois EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE Editorial correspondence, and requests for full texts of articles, should be sent to: Hugh C. MacDougall Glimmerglass Cottage 8 Lake Street Cooperstown, NY 13326-1016 Burma Press Summary 109, March 1996