95-02 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY From the Rangoon "The New Light of Myanmar" Compiled for the Burma Studies Group by Hugh C. MacDougall Published by the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Illinois Volume IX, No. 2, February 1995 Table of Contents POLITICAL Slogans 2 Political Articles 2 "Whither KNU?" 3 "What caused Nga Mya to run?" 14 Secretary-1 on Manerplaw Capture 16 Press Conference on Manerplaw 17 Kayins Return to Myanmar 17 SLORC Chairman on Tour 18 KNU Kawmura Base Falls 18 Returnees from Bangladesh 18 Special Refresher Courses 19 Prisoners Released 20 National Races 20 NATIONAL CONVENTION National Convention Working Sessions 20 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 21 New Ambassadors to Myanmar 21 New Myanmar Ambassadors 21 Diplomatic Tours 22 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Joint Workshops & Projects 22 Donations from Abroad 22 Border & Regional Affairs 22 Social and Economic Cooperation 22 FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Visitors 23 Cultural Visitors 23 Medical Visitors 24 Business Visitors 24 Religious Visitors 25 Foreign Journalists 25 US Burma Campaign Veterans 26 Mauritius Trade Minister 26 Bhutan Health Secretary 26 OSS Veterans 26 US Narcotics Team 27 Vietnam Defence Minister 27 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 27 Delegations to Meetings & Events 28 Energy Delegation to Thailand 28 Secretary-2 to Thailand 28 MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 29 Appointments 29 GOVERNMENT Legal Articles 29 Union Day 29 Union Day Message 29 MILITARY Insurgent Attacks 31 Surrenders by Armed Group Members 31 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 31 Inauguration of Projects 31 Advertisements 32 International Business Projects 33 Business Courses 33 Government Cooperatives 33 Tourism 34 Gems 34 Banking 34 Indian Trade Exhibition 34 Agriculture 35 Industry 35 Exports 36 Women Entrepreneurs Group 36 Transportation 36 Myanma Trade Fair 36 Rainfall in Yangon 36 SPORTS Foreign Teams and Sponsors 37 Hole-in-one 37 HEALTH Iodized Salt 37 AIDS 37 CULTURAL Cultural and Scientific Articles 37 Publications 37 Universities 37 Religious Groups & Activities 37 Marine National Park 38 Role of Women 38 Bullock-cart Races 38 Amusement Park Opens 38 Writer Sayagyi U Thu Kha Honored 39 Cultural Policy 39 Dress Code for Performers 40 MISCELLANEOUS Sunday and Holiday Supplements 41 Crime 43 Anti-Narcotics Activities 43 Obituaries 44 U Nu Dies 44 Fires 44 ------------------------------------------ HIGHLIGHTS -- Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization defects from KNU; captures Manerplaw [POLITICAL] -- DKBO captures KNU Kawmura Base [POLITICAL] -- Continued Analysis of Buddhist-Christian conflict among Kayins; KNU involvement of former US Military Attache [POLITICAL: "Whither KNU?"] -- Western reaction to Manerplaw capture denounced; official summary on KNU [POLITICAL: "What caused Nga Mya to run?"] -- American World War II Vets given medals, praise Myanmar. A second group arrives. [FOREIGN VISITORS] -- Union Day Message and celebrations [GOVERNMENT] -- The Ministers for Culture, Information, and Religious Affairs discussed cultural policies, including improper videos, club performances, and music. [CULTURAL] -- The Minister for Religious Affairs issued a dress and hairstyle code for all performers. [CULTURAL] -- U Nu, former Prime Minister, dies [MISCELLANEOUS] ------------------------------------------ POLITICAL Slogans The bottom of each front page continues to bear the slogan: Emergence of the State Constitution is the duty of all citizens of Myanmar Naing-Ngan [reverted back from "Union of Myanmar." The top of each back page bears the slogan: The Tatmadaw has been sacrificing much of its blood and sweat to prevent disintegration of the Union. All nationalities of the Union are urged to give all co-operation and assistance in this great task. Religious Slogans: Since August 1991, each issue has included a changing religious slogan at the top of each front page: Feb. 1-15: Garavo ca, reverence; this is the way to auspiciousness. Feb. 16-28: Santutthi ca, contentment; this is the way to auspiciousness. Political Articles Feb. 2: Editorial: Rays of peace in Kayin State. ["As KNUs had fled from the Manerplaw camp, there are now rays of peace in Kayin State. Once the state becomes peaceful and tranquil, it will become possible to improve roads, agriculture, power projects and mining with added momentum. DKBA which attacked and captured Manerplaw camp broke away from KNU to put an end to the suffering of people of Kayin State due to lack of peace and stability and armed clashes in the region. The group also resents selfishness and wrong doings of KNU leaders.... This has eventually led to breakaway of DKBA who oppose Bo Mya's leadership. The split weakens KNU and on the other hand strengthens the rays of peace and stability in the region ...."] Feb. 4: From the past and the present to the future, by Myint Myat (Nwaithargi). [Virtues of the Tatmadaw.] Feb. 4: Editorial: Manerplaw debacle. [So, Manerplaw, which alien busybodies used to frequent in their bid to fan the flames, has finally fallen to the forces of peace.... When fellow Kayins saw the yawning gap between the vaunted claims of the man they once respected and his personal agglomeration and aggrandisement, the smouldering dissent, the resentment, became stronger each day and exploded, the fuse lit by Bo Mya himself.... A new era dawns upon the peace-loving brethren of Kayin State...."] Feb. 11: United We Stand, by Dr. Win May. [On occasion of Feb. 12 Union Day, unity is an imperative.] Feb. 12: A Trip to Myitkyina... A Journey into Peace..., by Moe Moe (MOFA). [Diplomatic trip to Myitkyina in January; it is now a peaceful place.] Feb. 20: Human Rights and the KNU, by Maung Thi Ha. [KNU denies human rights to Kayin masses. The answer to "Whither KNU?" is "Nowhere else than to Hell."] Feb. 21: Curtain is coming down on KNU, by A Special Correspondent {reprinted from the Feb. 19 Bangkok Sunday Post.} ["The Karens' fight to rule themselves seems to have lost momentum as people are tired of decades of war.... It is common knowledge "that there are deep conflicts among their leaders who enjoy a luxurious lifestyle. The middle class fighters and officers have long since lost all faith in the upper level of the KNU structural pyramid .... The fall of Manerplaw...resulted from internal conflicts.... They stemmed from the wrong political policies during the rule of its third leader, General Bo Mya.... For 20 years, there has been no democracy within the KNU.... "The KNU force is not supported by any public base. It exists, surprisingly, without the assistance of other Karen.... KNU leaders are obsessed with religion. They talk openly as if all KNU members are Christians. All the leaders are Baptists but about 80 per cent of the soldiers and people in the KNU area are Buddhists and animists. The KNU, in a way, came to represent a Christian movement. This became such a serious issue of conflict that Manerplaw headquarters collapsed after being attacked for seven days. "The attacking force was bolstered by Buddhist soldiers who defected from the KNU and joined the Burmese regime to kill their former comrades.... The biggest mistake in Gen. Bo Mya's movement is that its leaders lack their own thinking.... His American-led policies caused serious conflicts in the KNU. Crackdowns were made on KNU members who were inclined toward socialism.... "The long monopoly of power by Gen. Bo Mya's group created factions in the KNU. Members of each faction stuck together to ensure they benefitted from handsome revenue from teak sales and tolls. Such businesses blossomed and generated enormous wealth for KNU leaders.... "Manerplaw is a central point in the fight for democracy in Burma. When it fell, so did the potential for other anti-Rangoon forces to succeed. Other small pockets of resistance along the Salween and Moei rivers can be expected to fall to the government.... The curtain is coming down on fighting on the Burmese side.... Karen soldiers and people no longer believe in fighting for an outdated ideology.... "The difference between the Burmese junta and the Karen cannot be solved by guns or the state authority. The approaches Rangoon and the KNU took were all wrong. Both are military dictatorships. During their war, the people suffered. If either side should win, the people would suffer just the same because both leaderships share the same goal: to rule them."] Feb. 24: Editorial: Rights never neglected. [There is big talk on the other side of the globe about human rights when those countries waxing eloquent are not able to help their citizens meet the food, clothing and shelter needs. Food, clothing and shelter are the most basic human rights, as we see it here, for this is the means of survival.... These and other points were driven home by Council Chairman Senior General Than Shwe when he gave counsel to the final-year students of the Course No. 26 of the University for Development of National Races Yesterday.... His portrayal of attending to the people's basic needs as human rights is the conceptualization of the way we see it, which is different from the way non-Asians see it, because what we see must serve our purpose."] :"Whither KNU?" Feb. 1-17,26-28: Whither KNU? by A resident of Kayin State. [Cont. (4): "On Dec. 21 the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association (DKBA) was formed following discussions between Phado Sein Tun Phado Min Thu, Phado Tikay and the Bo Kyi Group, and broke formally with the KNU. Declaration No. 1/94 of the DKBA, dated Dec. 21, 1994, reads {full text}: "1. With a view to establishing a peaceful Kayin State, the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association (DKBA) was formed on the 4th Waning of Nadaw 1356, 21 December 1994. "2. The rough programme of the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association is as follows: a. We shall strive toward building a peaceful life for all national groups residing in Kayin State. b. We shall strive with priority to achieving prosperity of all national groups residing in Kayin State. c. We shall strive for the economic wellbeing of all national roups residing in the Kayin State. d. We shall strive with all our might for the thriving and perpetuation of the race, religion and customs of all national groups residing in Kayin State. "3. Details of the organizational set-up will be issued separately." [The DKBA had been joined at Myainggyingu by elements of the KNU 1st Brigade; on Dec. 22, 60 members of the 6th Brigade arrived. "With much respect, Bo Cha Teik and his men of 1st Company, 19th Battalion, Bo Kyaw Kaleh of 2nd Company, 21st Battalion and Bo Takee and his men of 5th Company, 104th Battalion paid obeisance to Myainggyingu Sayadaw Bhaddanta Thuzana. KNU 1st Brigade Chairman Phado Tha Htoo sent Phado Larba and an armed group of 50...." Intercepted KNU radio communications quoted. On Dec. 26 the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association reorganized as the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization (DKBO), with an armed force called the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Army. Six Sayadaws including Myainggyingu Sayadaw {Thuzana} became patrons of the DKBO. A Central Committee was formed with 9 members including Chairman Tha Htoo Kyaw; 12 members were appointed to the Affairs Committee. The armed strength was about 1,000. On Dec. 28 the DKBO issued Announcement No. 2/94 {full text}: "1. Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association in paragraph 1 of the Announcement {sic} No. 1/94 of the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association is amended as Democratic Kayin Buddhist Army (DKBA) and Democratic Kayin Buddhist Association as Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization (DKBO). "2. The Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization accepts the guidance stated in Announcement No. 1/94 and will proceed to ensure consolidation of nationals, freedom of worship and equitable benefits and to perpetuate the Union. "3. This organization believes that the majority of the human race is confronted with all kinds of social sufferings due to a group of people who ignore kindness and compassion and oppress and bully the people who are weak and ignorant. "4. This organization is absolutely independent of the KNU starting from the issuing of the announcement. It is announced that all members of the Organization have resigned from the KNU. "5. In accordance with this conviction, we announce that our organization will form different levels of the following bodies with the aim of setting the people free from all social sufferings and establish peaceful state in order that the noblest of worldly values such as political, economic and religious freedom may be enjoyed equitably with consideration among fellow human beings. (a) Patrons comprising six members of the Sangha including U Thuzana as chairman, (b) Central Committee members comprising nine including U Tha Htoo Kyaw as Chairman and necessary committees under its control will be formed. (c) Democratic Kayin Buddhist Army HQ and units under its command will be formed as necessary. Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization." [(5): "KNU Bo Mya's New Years Address: On Dec. 29, KNU Chairman Gen. Saw Bo Mya issued his annual New Year's Address-- after the breakaway of the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization {full text, as printed in article}: "There have been 46 years of fighting since the 1949 revolution began. Just as there has been unity in the past, we have to continue the fight unitedly with the leadership of the KNU till freedom is obtained. "Kayin nationals, "One regrettable episode of 1994 is that we are misunderstood and opposed by some yebaws, who due to instigations, are saying Christians oppressed Buddhists and denied them rights. This act is the scheme of the enemy. The enemy struck at us to cause our disintegration. "It is explicitly prescribed in the KNU organizational rules that all religions shall have freedom of worship. "It is prescribed that religions be not of lower or higher status, that they be equal and shall not find fault in each other, that they be united. "According to the words of the elders, unity brings success. What the enemy said about Christians oppressing Buddhists is totally untrue. The truth is, Christians and Buddhists are friendly. They help each other. When monasteries are built, the required timber and other items were given. Help was given to each other as necessary. "Because we leaders truly desire peace and unity, none of the yebaws who believed the enemy will face action or be punished. We forgave and wrote off all their acts. "As our elders said, just as the sky is not free of clouds, no one is free from faults. Therefore, all those who have believed the enemy's instigation should revert to what is right and collectively take part in work that will be of benefit to Kayin nationals. I want all Kayin nationals to be united and work together with one mind in 1995. "Kayin nationals, all yebaws, "You will see that if the faces of roosters which are creatures, are smeared with pot-black and set against each other, they will fight. In making them fight thus, the one who makes them do it does not suffer. Those who fight suffer. The enemy has smeared us with pot-black and made us fight one another. If we fight against each other, who will suffer? We Kayins suffer. If Kayins fight each other, the enemy will applaud and will be happy. "In a past episode, the enemies used Kayins to assassinate Kawkasa Saw Ba U Gyi. The enemy issued weapons to them and made them fight the KNU. They sacrificed their lives for the enemy in vain. "Therefore, build the unity that will be of benefit to Kayin nationals with a view to forging unity of the entire Kayin nationals. As 1994 comes to a close, forsake the instigation of the enemies and march toward unity. May all Kayin nationals find unity, peace, prosperity and success on this auspicious Kayin New Year." Radio intercepts suggesting that KNU men were not interested in Bo Mya's New Year message. "They only took interest in the list of members of the Central Executive Committee issued by the DKBO on 1 January 1995. Tha Htoo Kyaw was Chairman and Ywa Hay, the grey head, Vice-chairman. It comprised San Hlaing, Maj. Kyaw Than, Mahn Ba Nyunt San, Mahn Tun Shin, Mahn Nay Min and U Thurein." Further intercepts. On Jan. 3, 1995, KNU heavy weapons began firing from the Hsibyu Hill, dropping 36 shells into Thumwehta. Engagements were inevitable. {Photo of Nga Mya allegedly bayonetting his own men in Bawtharaw; photo Nga Mya with drug warlord Khun Sa} [(6): "On Jan. 3 KNU fire destroyed the Thumwehta monastery. More radio intercepts. A heated meeting took place between the Chairman of the Mediation Committee of the Confluence Lt-Gen. Tamla Baw of the KNU Central and Capt. Pya Pya, in which Capt. Pya Pya warned the KNU to quit Manerplaw before it was captured. Nga Mya was furious; a KNU offensive captured Thumwehta on Jan. 5 with heavy casualties on both sides. The Buddhists retreated to Bawtharaw--site of KNU atrocities in 1970, when Nga Mya bayonetted his own men. Nga Mya ordered his troops to burn Kamamaung, to prevent it from being used to support Buddhists in Myainggyingu. [(7): Fighting continued. "Buddhists were sore at heart when they heard that Nga Mya had ordered the burning down of Thumwehta Monastery and demolition of Aiksathaya Phaungdaw U Pagoda." Morale fell at Manerplaw, and "news...spread...that Nga Mya had fled to Chiangmai...." Dissention grew. Brig-Gen. Htain Maung "began to think of seizing power within the KNU. If only he could become the KNU boss we could make himself wealthier than Nga Mya. Where was Nga Mya at that moment? Nga Mya was in Bangkok while the whole of Manerplaw was in disarray." [(8): Fighting continued, as DKBO armed strength grew from 3,000 to 4,000, and refugees streamed back to Myanmar despite a KNU ban. On Jan. 9, the KDBO issued Declaration No. 2/95 {full text}: "(1) On Friday, the 1st Waning of Tagu of the year 1351, the Myainggyingu Sayadaw began his missionary work building a monastery and a pagoda. This work had to be done under stringent rules imposed by KNU leader Bo Mya, prohibiting the pagoda from being white-washed, the monastery and the sermon hall from being roofed with zinc sheets, monks and men from Thai side giving donation out of their own natural generosity. Artist Thanmani Min Din from KNU HQ therefore showing his resentment, quietly resigned from the KNU. "(2) Not content with above stringent measures, the KNU slandered Sanghas and banned Buddhist novitiations and ordinations, prohibited building of monasteries and pagodas in a time of war and requiring Buddhists marrying Christians to become Christians and indeed those Buddhists who did so were provided with all their needs. "(3) When Buddhist comrades were injured or killed in action, their families were left destitute and the injured were not given proper medical care. But when Christian comrades were killed or injured, their families were given secret help and high standard medical care. Though Christians committed any anti-social act, no action was taken against them. Indeed they were given more authority and power. "(4) The KNU leadership, who were fanatical in their religious belief, were economic swindlers in the guise of nationalists. They not only oppressed Buddhists but also humiliated Myainggyingu Sayadaw U Thuzana, intensely revered by Buddhists. Nophew Sayadaw U Wizana, a stooge of KNU leader Bo Mya, ordered U Thuzana to stop his missionary work in revolutionary areas and to return to his original monastery. U Wizana threatened to take administrative action if U Thuzana would not heed this religious action. On 2 December 1994, therefore, Buddhist armed groups led by Warrant Officer Bo Kyaw Than and Sergeant Pharmee peacefully went to Thumwehta monastery. To prevent loss and wastage of food, rations, arms and ammunition that really were the people's property, they systematically stored all those items at Melehta, Mepa, Mepawmuhta, Tawlehta and Khothuhta, without violence and without firing a single shot. KNU leaders' allegations that Buddhist comrades looted property were completely untrue. "(5) On 11 December 1994, U Pyinnyatharmi and Sergeant Pharmee went for talks with KNU Maj-Gen. Maung Maung and Major Tu Tu Lay because the KNU promised not to bring any armed men to the place of the meeting. On their return, seven Buddhist comrades from the KNU side, saying that they were not of the same religion, came along with U Pyinnyatharmi. Half-way enroute they were ambushed. Pharmee and one soldier died and two persons were injured. Simultaneously, 58 rounds of 75mm mortar fire were fired at Thumwehta. A school teacher from Papun was killed and a young girl was injured. Maung Maung knew what really happened and even said that Lawwardee plotted his death. The Buddhist group led by U Pyinnyatharmi, with love and compassion, took good care of leaders who came to the meeting and sent them back without the slightest harm. "(6) On 11 December 1994, a group led by KNU General Tamla Baw came to the river bank on the Thai side and had talks with a Buddhist group consisting of U Pyinnyatharmi and U Kuuntinnya and signed a Five Point Preliminary Agreement. Johnny informed Nophew Sayadaw (Rambo) that a Thai representative wanted to see him. Members of the group discussed the matter and permitted the Nophew Sayadaw to go requiring him to come back after meeting with the Thai representative. Nophew Sayadaw, however, fled as soon as he got to the Thai side of the river. Soon after the group led by Johnny and Tamla baw fired at Thumwehta Monastery with successive volleys of a Point Five. The Buddhist group was dissatisfied with this and cancelled the Agreement." Just as the KNU accused the separatist Buddhist group of misconduct, the DKBO also exposed certain wrongdoings of the KNU. The remaining paragraphs of the DKBO Proclamation {Declaration} No. 2/95 give the following details. {This evidently an editorial insertion into the Proclamation [Declaration]--HCMacD.} "(7) On 3 January 1995, the group of fanatically religious Christian leaders, to obliterate Buddhism, ordered Law War Di and Bo Tamla to crush the Thumwehta Monastery. Under this order, beginning 12.30pm until 4pm, 26 rounds of 75mm and 81mm mortars as well as AK automatic and Point Five rounds were fired. This barrage killed DKBO's Bo Hla Moe and a worker and injured Sayadaw U Thuriya of Zina Marazein Monastery of Papun, Bo Aung Ngwe and a medical officer. From 9.15am of 4 January 1995 till 4pm, they opened fire with assorted small arms and lobbed 27 75mm and 81mm shells. A 107mm mortar fired at Myainggyingu from Point 2100: three shells fell and exploded on Kawkarat Island. As a result of this KNU attack, several structures constructed by Myainggyingu Sayadaw with the help of devoted Buddhists amidst great difficulties for the purpose of propagation of Buddhism were destroyed. They included the monastery built at a cost of over 2.9 million baht, the hill-top monastery built at cost of over 392,000 baht and the Sasana Visodhi Sima built at a cost of 320,000 baht. The total value of the buildings razed was over 3.6 million. "(8) The Christian KNU leadership proclaimed that they were working for the welfare of the Kayin nationals, but the mass of the Kayin State struggling in a sea of woe, dressing poorly, eating poorly and living poorly, exposed the true nature of the over 46 years of the so-called revolutionary action. "(9) Those who were unable to join their ranks as recruit had to pay K 50,000 in lieu. The people continue to lead a precarious life: they are unable to eat in peace or sleep in peace, their economies are in ruins, their social and educational welfare are non-existent and they feared both the Tatmadaw and the KNU. They live in perpetual panic. "(10) The children of a group of fanatically religious leaders get higher education in peace, and live abroad. They swindle all sorts of funds given them by foreign nations and live in luxury, own houses and cars. Meanwhile Buddhist comrades have to risk their lives and do not get two square meals a day even after that. They have to struggle hard for a living suffering the resentment of the people. "(11) A group of Christian leaders keeps threatening to burn down 53 monasteries built by devout Buddhists and hand the monks' yellow robes on bamboo groves. These vile intentions and destructive persecution of Buddhist religion are obstacles on the way to peace in Kayin State and further aggravates the impoverished life of the national peoples. "(12) Under such circumstances, our DKBO will oppose the dastardly plans of the KNU and will strive our best to propagate and perpetuate Buddhism, and to promote living standards. At the same time we shall do our best to collect cash and kind that may be offered without any ulterior motives by devout Buddhists for the all-round consolidation of our Organization. It is hereby proclaimed that the object of DKBO is to propagate and perpetuate Buddhism, and to promote living standards of the mass of people." {end of Declaration-- HCMacD." "The DKBO as well as the KNU have issued statements and declarations but it is hard to say how true and correct they are. But the mass of people and a majority of armed persons have come to believe the DKBO. Separatists have appeared even at Manerplaw.... The DKBO strength has exceeded 4,500 in the third week of January. Cash contributions received within one or two weeks from all parts of the country now exceed K 15 million. "When the crisis first appeared, Buddhist monks desiring to resolve it peacefully requested the Tatmadaw to stay away. The Tatmadaw made no interference whatever. But the number of Buddhists who came to gather at Myainggyingu has now exceeded 15,000. Food and shelter had become a problem. Refugees who came fleeing back from camps in the other country have not even a spare pair of slippers, let alone food. The Tatmadaw was compelled to render humanitarian assistance. "And there is no longer any reason to refuse should the DKBO come to seek military help. The DKBO has said that Kayin nationals will prosper only when there is no Nga Mya or KNU. Sanghas have also begun to ask the Tatmadaw for help. "At such a moment Nga Mya is in Bangkok and is trying to flee to a foreign country with the help of an American diplomat. Nga Mya is going to the United States. If all goes well he will come back to take his family away. But Thai authorities, who hear about Nga Mya's plans are now looking for him. Nga Mya had to come running back to Phwebawlu. he lives in Phwebawlu with a strong armed guard. "But Manerplaw is now bereft of any leadership." [(9): As the DKBO prepared to attack Manerplaw, the Tatmadaw began at attack on the Darkwin {Daungkwin} camp of the ABSDF Splinter Group HQ. On Jan. 13, Dr. Naung Aung and ABSDF CC members began preparations "to move some important property to the other country." As they crossed the Thaungyin River, their boat capsized and Central Committee member Tun Oo was drowned. Various meetings were held to try to "prevent a religious conflict." On Jan. 15, "one of Nga Mya's right-hand men, Col. Law Wadi ordered Johnny to burn down Paingkyon Monastery as well as the village." Jan. 20 was Nga Mya's 69th birthday, and he proclaimed a celebration at Manerplaw. Fourth Brigade Commander Oliver and Sixth Brigade Commander Shwe Sai ignored invitations to attend. Commander Shwe Sai told his men that "'there is nothing for us to think highly of this cook. He knows nothing. He does not know how to fight. He used his bayonet in Bawtharaw but only on fellows already dying, and were unable to fight back....'" Commander Oliver described Nga Mya as "'Useless fellow. He served an English officer as a cook and a procurer. He bragged all through his life about once having been in Force 136. Before the President Mahn Ba Zan passed away he had a great deal of anguish on account of this fellow. Had not Naw Louisa Bensen come underground, this fellow would not have even one follower now....'" "Nga Mya served an English Officer at Hpa-an as a cook and table boy. When the English withdrew he went along with them to India.... When the Kayin revolution began he headed a gang of 50 robbers operating along Kawkareik Myawaddy road. KNDO Fifth Brigade Commander Bo Lin Htin sent young girls to him and he sold them to the Kuomintang in Maesod. For many years he operated as leader of robbers, aloof from the KNU organizations.... {After Bo Lin Htin was killed in 1963} Miss Burma and movie actress Naw Louisa Bensen, the 63rd wife of Bo Lin Htin, returned to the jungles taking with her the Fifth KNDO Brigade.... When Naw Louisa Bensen married a US Army sergeant stationed in Thailand, the Fifth Brigade elements were left behind with Nga Mya...." 1967 split in KNU Party between pro- and anti-Communist groups described. [(10): Nga Mya's birthday plans "plopped like a soap bubble.... Nga Mya ordered all important documents and valuable moved to Phwebawlu. KNU families, fearing woes of war, evacuated Manerplaw without asking for anybody's permission. Only Nga Mya's suicide squads were left there." Nga Mya forced refugees from the Bawnaw Refugee Camp to bear arms. Lengthy intercepts to effect that some units were trying to destroy Buddhist sites, and others were resisting orders. On Jan. 19 the DKBO captured Nawta Hill. "The KNU HQ began to work to get the world protest the Tatmadaw helping the DKBO as a violation of ceasefire. They also spread propaganda that Bamars have donned the yellow robe to come and destroy them. They repeated ABSDF's propaganda line that the Myainggyingu Sayadaw was in fact a Tatmadaw major in yellow robes. In reality the Myainggyingu Sayadaw is a Kayin cousin of Phado Aung San and all KNU know that he has been doing missionary work in the confluence area for the past 20 years." But "some KNU leaders were still trying to prevent a bloodbath." The Sayadaws said that the only problem was the KNU's failure to make peace with the Government. "Sanghas believe that Nga Mya was trying to create a schism in the Holy Order and then to destroy the religion when he gave a pistol to Inshe Sayadaw, also known as Rambo, who was driven out by Inshe villagers when he, in a perpetual state of drunkenness raped a village women." "Nga Mya and KNU leaders will never regain the confidence of Buddhists. Christian Kayins were not ready to die for Nga Mya...." [(11): On Jan. 19, DKBA forces captured the two outposts of Bina Camp south of Manerplaw, and attacked around Sinbyutaung. A message to Nga Mya in Phwebawlu said "'Buddhists attacking Bina. The enemy may also attack Kawmura. Enemy 66 Div said to be with Buddhist forces. The enemy already helping DKBO yellow-heads.'" When Nga Mya ordered Col. Maung Tun, second in command of the 7th brigade, to defend U-mu-khee, he could not answer: he had, "of his own accord, abandoned the fight and sneaked across to the other country." But Col. Law Wadi, in charge in Manerplaw, "sent a powered boat to Maung Tun and gently coaxed him to come back." The DKBA advance continued. On Jan. 25, it captured U-mu-khee and two other outposts of Bina Camp. On Jan. 26, the KNU abandoned Doday Camp. Exposition of fighting with KNU in 1992-94. "The trend has noticeably turned in favour of the DKBA in this fighting. Manerplaw was under DKBA attack from the north and from the south." [(12): The KNU suffered heavy losses under DKBA assault. Up to Jan. 25, before the capture of Manerplaw, KNU losses were 86 dead and 49 weapons. Since they were former comrades, the DKBO units always tried to talk the KNU out of fighting. On January 27, four KNU trying to surrender under a white flag were shot in the back by the KNU "under Johnny's orders." The DKBO "then rushed headlong into Manerplaw Camp. Leaders fled in powered boats. KNU troops, fearing executions by their own commanders, had to continue to resist. Fighting was very fierce. Bo Ye Thway and Bo Maung Chit of the DKBA raised the DKBO flag "atop of the flagstaff in a square in front of the monastery of Innshe Sayadaw U Wizana, also known as Rambo." Nearby was the monument to Saw Ba U Gyi, who started the KNU revolution "and had since gone asleep in Jesus...." On the afternoon of January 27 Manerplaw fell to the breakaway DKBO. "Nga Mya no longer dared to live in his house at Phwebawlu for fear of being attacked by Buddhist Kayins and had fled to a safe place. He left this last word as he fled: 'I will do my best to talk peace with Na Wa Ta {SLORC}'" In the past Nga Mya had talked peace but proved treacherous. "Nga Mya has permitted some illegal organizations to set up their headquarters at Manerplaw. There was the NDF or the National Democratic Front. That was an organization of all racist insurgents, excluding Bamars.... There was also the so-called National League for Democracy (Liberated Areas). There was Sein Win's parallel government called the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB...." "On 4 August 1992...Nga Mya and his cohorts formed the National Council of the Union of Burma or the NCUB." It held meetings on Sept. 21-22, 1992, Jan. 4-7, 1993, and Aug. 30, 1993. At the January 1993 meeting "they organized a mass action committee called PDC or Political Defiance Committee, for the purpose of attacking the government politically. The PDC then began to form lobbying groups in diplomatic circles to try to secure international recognition of insurgent organizations and to malign the government. "At the third meeting held in August 1993, the NCUB expanded the PDC political leadership by appointing a 15-man committee led by Nga Mya and designated Tamla Baw, ex-minister defector U Sein Mya, CRDB Ye Kyaw Thu and National Convention delegate renegade Khun Marcoban as consultants. "The PDC group to stir up an upheaval in the country was led by Phado Yoshu of the KNU with Myint Zaw of the underground New Society Democratic Party as Secretary. KNU member in charge of UG {underground} operations Mahn Sha, NLD (Liberated Areas) Than Tut and Aung Saw U, Young Monks Union U Khemasara, New Mon State Party Nai Chan Twai were members of this group. "The objectives and tasks of the PDC were to prevent masses from taking part in Na Wa Ta {SLORC} activities, to destroy construction machinery of Na Wa Ta, to whip up open demonstrations and protests, to discredit the Na Wa Ta and instigate a defiance movement and to orchestrate mass upheavals with military and international diplomatic pressure, all simultaneously.... How did all this come about? "The NCUB as well as the PDC was the brainchild of one-time US Military Attache in Myanmar Col. Robert Helvey and another American Gene Sharp. These two gave detailed lectures of how the Soviet Union disintegrated as a result of the PD or political defiance. Phado Yoshu acted as interpreter and translator. Helvey and Sharp created all means to move the international community into opposing Na Wa Ta and expelling Myanmar from the United Nations. "Manerplaw knew these two American trouble-makers to be CIA agents. Under orders of these two, Nga Mya began to mouth democracy, of which he has never heard before nor knew anything. He waxed eloquent on human rights problems, on refugee problems and on environmental protection. When he himself hobnobbed with opium warlord, Hkun Sa {sic}, he scandalized Na Wa Ta as dealing in narcotic drugs. He propagandized in all countries that the Tatmadaw was increasing its military might and has become a threat to South-East Asia. "Under instructions of Nga Myan, Phado Ba Thin and New Mon State Party Chairman Nai Shwe Kyin, from 17 to 19 January 1993, attended a meeting of the International Negotiation Network, or INN, chaired by former US President Jimmy Carter. Dr. Marta of the DAB, Peter Limbin of the NCGUB, Dr. Thaung Tun of ABSDF, and Aung Saw U of the NLD (Liberated Areas) attended the 49th UN Human Rights Commission Meeting...in 1993. They invited seven Nobel Peace Prize winners to visit KNU Mela Camp and the Htway Khalok Refugee Camp in the other country from 17 to 20 February {1993}.... "Jack Dunford, the leader of the Burma Border Consortium or BBC, based in the other country...took Phado Ba Thin to Australia and arranged for him to speak at a meeting called Burma the Silent Emergency sponsored by the Australian Council for Overseas Aid. Nga Mya and Dr. Marta visited the United States and Britain....{in} 1993.... Sein Win, Phado Aung Than, David Thartapaw, Maung Maung and Nai Saw Tun were caught by Japanese Immigration authorities trying to enter with forged passports. They had to come back shamefaced to Bangkok.... "In the fight with DKBO for Manerplaw, the KNU lost 21 of its men killed and their bodies left behind. Twenty-one more succumbed in the other country. Many were wounded. The KNU lost 225 assorted weapons.... But, Nga Mya and KNU leaders were unscathed.... [(13): Manerplaw fell to the DKBO on Jan. 27. 2,000 KNU troops fled to Phwebawlu where Nga Mya had his dwelling. "The same day, news broke that the Third Army of the other country was going to disarm the KNU." Nga Mya went to Hti-noe-hta Camp, headquarters of Brig. Htain Maung's 7th Brigade, to launch a counter-offensive. The DKBA began firing on Kawmura (Wakha Thit), under Htaw Hla, on Feb. 1-2. A mortar shell killed Bo Khine Yan Naing and Khine Thein Htay of the Rakhine Liberation Party, ALP. At Manerplaw, the DKBA captured several thousand rounds of mortar and bazooka bombs {details}. Nga Mya's orders to blow them up by remote control were not carried out, and the DKBA captured the ammunition dumps intact. After Manerplaw, some 1,200 KNU troops went over to the DKBA. 361 families (1,912 people) from the refugees joined the DKBO. 494 Buddhist and Christian families (2,253 people) fled back into the Myanmar interior. Nga Mya's efforts to rally other units failed. Lengthy account of Nga Mya's refusal to talk peace over recent years. [(14): "The collapse of Manerplaw Camp is the beginning of the end of the KNU." KNU sources claim that Sayadaw Thuzana is really a SLORC Major, and the fall of Manerplaw is the result of a SLORC and Tatmadaw plot. "Tailist minor groups and camp-followers, like the ABSDF, spread such fanciful stories." "Honest Kayin Buddhists" see it as "only a retribution for {the KNU's} gratuitous desecration of a son of the Lord. Promoting boozer-rapist Innseh Sayadaw as Rambo Monk is nothing but committing the sin of creating a schism in the Holy Order. Demolishing pagodas and monasteries amounts to destroying the Sasana...." Biography of Sayadaw U Thuzana, praising his devotion and doctrine. Christianity itself is not bellicose. But "Nga Mya is a religious and racist bigot. He is a Seventh-Day Adventist, but is unable to tolerate members of even other Christian denominations.... Nga Mya preached unity to Buddhists on the one hand and on the other he ordered elimination of Buddhists from the root. He incited the Christians by telling them Buddhists are chasing and killing them.... In November 1994, a group called Christian Solidarity International, led by a British Baroness, "a mere half-baked motley trying to mix religion with politics" visited Manerplaw and "accused the Tatmadaw of waging bacteria warfare against the KNU and Kayin villages...." Subsequently, "persecution of the Myainggyingu Sayadaw worsened...." Nga Mya is allied with Khun Sa. KNU atrocities against civilians reviewed. Tatmadaw could easily have him assassinated, a fee of a million baht would have assassins lining up, but "up to now the Tatmadaw has not been seen resorting to foul means." Now, however, "even a resort to such means will no more be blameworthy" because the Kayins will change course only when "Nga Mya and his KNU cease to exist." But Nga Mya "still revels in the lower depths of his stupidity." [(15): "The fall of Manerplaw Camp traumatised KNU Central Committee members." Long transcript of KNU meetings: Nga Mya sought a scapegoat, and proposed a new camp at Oo-hun-pheint village in Tak District, in the territory of the KNU 6th Brigade under Brig. Shwe Sai. Nga Mya asked how many powerboats the KNU had left--was told it was 66, the others had been destroyed or captured. On Jan. 28, intercepted KNU messages discussed efforts to hold Kawmura (New Wakha). On Jan. 29, the KNU summarized its losses at Manerplaw as 182 killed, 84 seriously wounded, and 186 slightly wounded. Meanwhile, the DKBA tried to talk KNU units to defect; promising their leaders immunity from SLORC retaliation. KNU leaders were divided among themselves as to what to do. On Feb. 2, KNU Gen. Maung Maung called on Htaw Hla at Kawmura to evacuate the camp, rather than lose his men and equipment. But Htaw Hla refused, saying "I will defend it to the end. This year is going to be the last year of our Kayin revolution. I better therefore die fighting." [(16): On Jan. 31 Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein went to Bangkok, and on Feb. 2 signed an agreement to sell natural gas to Thailand. Thais denied that the deal related to Myanmar fight with KNU. Thai Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai promised to give humanitarian aid to refugees, and send them home "when danger is cleared and peace and stability return." Thailand clearly draws "a line between politics and economics." On Feb. 5, the KNU abandoned the Maipaw Muhta timber smuggling camp, losing 3,075 teak logs, equipment, etc. Nga Mya is really "leader of the gang of timber smugglers, who has been damaging on a large scale the environment all along the border." On Feb. 6, the KNU lost the Thawlehta Camp and 500 logs; on Feb. 7 the U-thu-ta Camp and 50 logs; on Feb. 8 the joint KNU-ABSDF timber smuggling camp at Kho-kyarkho and 300 logs. "The KNU lost all footholds along the border in the northern part of Kayin State." KNU Col. Johnny pretended to ask the DKBA for a meeting; but when DKBA elements showed up "a gunfight erupted." Various KNU leaders considered ousting Nga Mya. [(17): "All KNUs who withdrew from Manerplaw went into the other country. The Third Army Command there attempted to disarm them. Some submitted meekly...a great many did not...." There was an outbreak of familiar charges about human rights in Myanmar, and criticism of the sale of natural gas to Thailand. "These were elaboration of what spy Jack and spy Gene Sharp had taught Nga Mya.... The London-based Amnesty International also issued a statement censuring the Tatmadaw for attacking the KNU. Radio stations that kept maligning Myanmar regularly broadcast that the Tatmadaw was unjust in attacking the KNU.... And, when the Army in the other country drove out about 800 KNUs, who refused to hand over their arms, back to Myanmar, that country also came under criticism and pressure.... The Army and the police of the other country had to block the entry of journalists and diplomats into areas where KNU leaders were.... Further intercepted conversations reflecting difference among KNU leaders. Nga Mya was furious when Myanmar "released some political prisoners." He said "'Why must Na Wa Ta {SLORC} release political prisoners? They ought not to be released. They must be tortured and killed in the end. That alone would be in line with what we have been accusing them of.'" The only important camp still in KNU hands is Kawmura or New Wakha Camp, now under heavy onslaught from the DKBO. [(18): Fighting intensified at Kawmura, which was bombarded with heavy weapons by the DKBO. "Some KNUs got disgruntled when the noticed Nga Mya sending only those he wanted dead to Kawmura." Correspondent Neil Kelly got to Kawmura. Brig. Htaw Hla, commanding the 101st KNLA Battalion and the Kawmura defence, reminded Kelly that the Kayins had helped the British in 1824. On Feb. 5, the DKBA penetrated the KNU forward defence line. Two wounded captured by KNU were killed at Nga Mya's orders. On Feb. 8, the KNU lost 78 killed, 105 grievously wounded, and 126 slightly wounded. The KNU Central Committee met at Phwebawlu on Feb. 9, but failed to agree on action. Nga Mya with 400 men moved to a place between Phwebawlu and Maing Lon Gyi (Maesarian). Underground agents under Phado Mahn Sha were ordered to fake Buddhist threats to Christian churches, and poison village wells with potassium cyanide. Two would-be poisoners, paid K 35,000, were arrested by the DKBO. On Feb. 9 Kayin unit raided the Baigalaw Refugee Camp in the other country, where KNU Lt-Col. Johnny usually stays, and abducted Phado Mahn Yin Sein and Phado Jeffrey Win, as well as destroying property of Johnny. [(19): On Jan. 30, Vice-Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye and SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt toured Kayin State, and on Feb. 3 the Defence Ministry held a news conference. "The only course now left to the Tatmadaw is to fight the KNU that has scorned peace and continued to strive for the destruction of the masses." On Feb. 8, fighting at Kawmura was heavy. High technology radar, left behind in Thailand by the United States after the 'Cobra Gold' joint war games, located Tatmadaw gun emplacements and provided the information to KNU commander Htaw Hla at Kawmura. Rockets and other weapons were fired from the Thai side. Some 32 KNU troops at Kawmura deserted and fled on Feb. 10-11, bringing the total of KNU deserters, both Buddhist and Christian, to over 40. "US Naval Attache in Bangkok Colonel Terry Hanson sent a special courier to KNU enquiring after some basic facts and its plans for the future. On 11 February 1995, Nga Mya sent his reply to Hanson. In fact, Hanson already knew the situation. It was because his wife had only recently returned from Manerplaw. She had been going up and down the river Thanlwin in a powered boat and at one time had even been stopped by the DKBO." [(20): Heavy fighting continued at Kawmura or New Wakha Camp. "Htaw Hla was getting morale boosters from the Western bloc media. He was getting material help, including arms and ammunition, from those who desired breaking up Myanmar." He had believed that Kawmura could only be attacked from "the territory of the other country." On Feb. 9, the BBC said Myanmar units had intruded into the other country on Feb. 8 and clashed with Border Police there. "In fact Htaw Hla knew that nobody intruded into the other country...." Kawmura had heavy bunkers. "Htaw Hla ordered men from the foremost bunkers to be chained to their posts.... This was the method used by their ally Khun Sa, last year at the battle for Monkyut." Htaw Hla also ordered that attempting deserters be shot immediately. West bloc radio stations "made it very clear that they were happy to see attackers of Kawmura getting killed.... Derek Brooke-Wavell of the BBC threatened Myanmar with a possible opposition of the world for its attack on the KNU. BBC Correspondent Ian Simpson...assert[ed] that the KNU would not evacuate Kawmura." The fall of Daungkhwin Camp (formerly Darkwin Camp) of the ABSDF splinter led by Dr. Naing Aung "got exposed." On Feb. 11, "the government of the other country broadcast...that it could not permit either the Myanma army or the KNU to launch attacks from its territory...." If this rule had been adhered to in the past, the KNU would have "been obliterated a long time ago." On Feb. 10, "mercenary news correspondent Yindee Lertchareonchuk in the other country" wrote in The Nation that there was a split in the Na Wa Ta {SLORC}. A Feb. 11 broadcast said 50 Myanmar armed personnel crossed the Thaungyin river "into the other country." The "Defector Group" asked Japan to condemn the Myanmar government. The battle for Kawmura continued. "Will Htaw Hla be able to stand fast at Kawmura Camp?" [(21): On Feb. 5, 10 KNU men fired into Layke village, Belin Township, killing three innocent civilians. "It was Nga Mya who ordered attacks on civilian targets.... In the battle for Kawmura, firing of 150mm guns from the other side of the Thaungyin river to help the KNU caused numerous casualties." KNU also deliberately fired into "the other country" so the Border Committee would protest. "Htaw Hla was getting high-tech help from radars, intercepted messages and aerial photographs." In an intercepted message between Htaw Hla and Col. Soe Soe, Htaw Hla said that $170,000 given by Norway for KNU refugees, and delivered to Dr. Sein Win of NCGUB was "lost" because "if they gave it to Sein Win, the money will only go into his pockets. That fellow has made a small fortune...." On Feb. 14, 15 KNU men attacked Kawkareik, destroying three houses in Khaneintmu quarter and killing three policemen. On Feb. 18, the KNU lobbed handgrenades at a petrol pump in Penwegaon town, breaking a few windows. "With great effort Nga Mya stirred his obese body. 'Law Wadi, do you have any contact with Soe Soe?' 'Bogyokegyi, he is now doing his duty....' 'I have instructed all my men to fire on towns and villages with heavy arms and small arms. I have instructed them to explode bombs everywhere. I have asked them to poison wells and tanks with potassium cyanide. I have one more thing to do.' 'Yes, sir...?' 'I have asked Soe Soe to get me some chemical bombs, has he got any by now? Must explode them among my men, must explode them at Kawmura. We may lose four or five men. I will have their bodies photographed. I will have them videotaped. I have asked them to bring in two Japanese to see for themselves how the Na Wa Ta army has been using poison bombs. The Na Wa Ta government will then become another Iraq. Do you know what happened to Iraq....?'" 'It suffered an international trade embargo, Bogyokegyi.'" 'Yes, that is what they told me. Well, get more potassium cyanide, poison bombs and bacteria bombs. Try and get them urgently.' "Law Wadi's eyes bulged. He transmitted General Mya's ideas to Lieutenant-General Tamla Baw. He was distressed. Htaw Hla and his boys were fighting and dying under orders of Nga Mya. But they were now to die not in fighting but of poison bombs. Tamla Baw made a firm decision. "The battle for Kawmura continued to rage fiercely." [(22): On Feb. 20 heavy weapons began firing volleys on Kawmura. Lt-Gen. Tamla Baw ordered Htaw Hla to evacuate immediately, and to go to the Khwaykalok Refugee Camp, and if possible to the 6th Brigade area. After a prayer meeting, the evacuation began. "They sent the wounded across the Thaungyin. Heavy weapons were dismantled and moved out. Some of his men would have to keep firing to cover their retreat." Lt-Gen. Tamla Baw waited until the morning of Feb. 21 to inform KNU President Nga Mya and Vice President Phado San Lin that he had ordered the evacuation. "'As a commander, I have ordered troops from Kawmura to evacuate to 6th Brigade area.'" General Mya reported by Law Wadi to be furious about it. The KNU at Kawmura had lost 97 men between Feb. 17-20; 118 seriously wounded were sent across the Thaungyin River; 250 were slightly injured. 42 heavy arms and 400 small arms had been lost or destroyed. The KNU 16th Battalion panicked and fled at midnight, and the morale of the of the 101st Battalion had dropped below zero. The 6th and 7th Brigades ignored Nga Mya's orders to mount attacks. "And thus did the KNU's last and strongest bastion of Kawmura, otherwise known as New Wakha, fall." The DKBA began entering Kawmura at 1430 hours on Feb. 21, and found the camp undefended. "The storming of Kawmura caused very little casualties just like the storming of Manerplaw. Only two were killed and 10 injured. KNU losses between 8 February and 21 February in the battle for Kawmura were very heavy. They suffered 212 killed, 93 bodies were left unburied in the camp, 231 were injured and in critical condition. 400 were slightly wounded. "The DKBO forces captured two 120mm mortars, eleven 3.5 launchers, one 2.75 rocket launcher, four Point Five machine guns, six RPG, four Browning machine guns, three 82mm mortars, four 81mm mortars, four 60mm mortars, four 57mm bazookas, and over 400 assorted small arms." Also captured were three armoured vehicles in good condition; a fourth was destroyed at Manerplaw. Nga Mya's mentors "began to press him to continue a guerilla war.... Spies also instructed the KNU to resort to vilest and most perfidious of other means.... Nga Mya has a mentor he fears most close to him. It is none other than his own wife, Naw Larmu. Nga Mya has to do whatever Naw Larmu says.... 'I have been telling you this for a long time. We are already very rich and should be satisfied with that much. But now we are still unable to enjoy our riches in peace. We can always go and live either in Chiangmai or in Bangkok and live in peace and luxury.'"] [(23): The KNU thought that Kawmura Camp was invincible, since it had formidable defences a strategic location. "But Kawmura battle did not end in a withdrawal: it only ended in a complete rout. There was absolutely no discipline. Nothing could be saved...." Discipline had been nonexistent for a long time, and KNU troops were stealing local cattle.... "The depravity of KNU leadership had gone beyond limits. Lt-Col. Soe Soe of Maesod frequently liaised with one Ma Wan Tin of Khalukno. Donyin Township President Mahn Htain Lin had kept Moo Moo (alias) Pyu Pyu of Mya Pe village as his mistress. Johnny, a long-time womanizer, bedded down with Naw Moo Nwe of Kawpauk village. Johnny lovingly renamed her Ratna. Phado Mahn Khin Aung, Phado Than Lwin, Hla Gyaw, Kyauk Khe, Saya Htoo Htoo misused the girls from Eindu, Mya Pe, Kawpauk and Taw Khameik villages. "KNU leaders did not only ravish the girls: they even did business in league with rich men. The girls kept sinking deeper and deeper as they went on waiting for summons of their 'brother' Bogyis and their 'brother' Phados. Kawmura had been stinking for a long time." The KNU was disorganized, and morale continued to ebb. Description of DKBA entry into the abandoned and destroyed Kawmura Camp. "The West Bloc media and the bosses of KNU were very much disconcerted.... The West bloc felt like being sprayed with acid when Kawmura fell, suppurating. America is said to have protested. Australian Foreign Minister Gareth Evans made a loud noise and threatened to isolate Myanmar in South-East Asia. They keep whining for sympathy towards KNU refugees.... "The West bloc is trying hard to support and rearm Myanma insurgents by calling them refugees.... This is nothing but a dirty and vile conspiracy to destroy Myanmar. The refugee policy of the West bloc is nothing but a policy of enslaving other nations under a neo-colonialist policy by breeding thugs. Their championing of human rights is also a perfidy already known to everybody.... "In fact they are all scoundrels and swindlers, rogues and rascals, crooks and scam artists. They keep swindling contributions made by the international community to look after refugees. They misappropriate refugee funds.... Who is there to believe that Norway or Australia loves Myanmar? "Gentlemen speak what is good. But some gentlemen now are talking vile in public without shame and egging on a murderer like Nga Mya. "What a shame!"] :"What caused Nga Mya to run?" Feb. 24-25: What caused Nga Mya to run?, by Maung Pho Hmat. [(1) KNU leader Saw Ba U Gyi was captured dead {in 1948?} along with Capt. Vivian, who supplied weapons for the assassination of Bogyoke Aung San. "Imperialists pushed some Kayin nationals into insurgency by inciting them on racial considerations and religious considerations." Foreign diplomats and military have visited Manerplaw and other KNU camps. "In December 1994, Elina, wife of US Naval Attache, Colonel Terry Hanson, of Bangkok, was visiting at Nga Mya's Manerplaw Camp. In 1988-89 US Congressmen came to Manerplaw to encourage Nga Mya. Political, military and diplomatic personnel from the Western Bloc have been coming in to Manerplaw without let or hindrance.... Only recently, a Canadian named Calvin Hefner, a former US Military Attache Robert Helvey and Gene Sharp on mischievous missions {sic}.... "The peoples of areas where insurgencies ceased to be shone clear and bright as a moon that had come out of a eclipse. They are merrily taking part in development.... Kayin peoples...are now united with Union nationals and kinsmen born in other lands under lights radiated by law and by the sincerity of the State.... "All Kayin nationals have realised Nga Mya KNU's activities. He kills, he burns villages down, he sows land mines, he extorts tributes. Nga Mya KNU's top leadership are rolling in wealth while Kayin nationals living on the border have lost their whole lives.... "The KNU that has not represented Kayin nationals of the border areas as also of other Kayin nationals living in other parts of the country is now not representing even its own troops and officers.... Have not elements from Nga Mya's own KNU who preferred peace mutinied against him and taken over KNU Dictator Nga Mya's Manerplaw Camp?" [(2) Further denunciation of Nga Mya, accusing him of mistreating Kayins, discriminating on religious grounds, and being supported by the Western bloc neo-colonialists. Review of his ouster by Buddhist Kayins from Manerplaw on Jan. 27. "No sooner than the West Bloc learned of Nga Mya's ignominious rout from Manerplaw, its radio stations and media began their shameless interference. It is simply amazing that the BBC and VOA, who kept their mouths shut when Nga Mya mass-slaughtered innocent villagers, should agonise when Nga Mya had to run for his dear life. "At 6pm on 26 January, the VOA, quoting statements made by US Embassy in Bangkok, broadcast that 'the United States of America has informed the Myanma military government of its concern over reports that Myanma army is battling and evicting Kayin rebels along Thai-Myanmar border'. "At 6pm on 27 January, the VOA broadcast that 'The United States of America has declared the Myanmar government's offensive against rebels along Thai-Myanmar border could ruin chances of improving its relations with America,' that 'the State Department said that it is studying how Myanmar government's human rights violations could affect US-Myanmar relations. US authorities pointed out that improvement of bilateral relations would depend upon improvement of Myanma human rights records.' "At 6.30 am on 27 January, the BBC broadcast that 'A State Department official in Washington expressed concern about battles raging around Kayin rebel headquarters at Manerplaw. Kayins in Thailand say that Kayin guerillas had suffered heavy casualties and that Kayin desertions have increased. Kayin officials admit that they are running out of arms and ammunition.'.... "In the 6.30 am news bulletin of 29 January, the BBC said: 'The United States of America has appealed to Myanmar military government to halt its offensive against Kayin rebels and resolve its differences with indigenous national groups peacefully. The American expressed their concern over Manerplaw fighting for the second time in as many days.' The BBC continued to say that 'A statement issued by the White House points out that Myanmar military operations are diametrically opposed to the government's professed desire to pursue a course of national reconciliation. It says that the offensive is shocking in view of Myanmar's record of massive violations of human rights. Rebels assert that they would continue their fight for self-rule even if Manerplaw were to fall.'.... Review of Western contacts with Nga Mya. "The following causes will be discovered if the Manerplaw debacle is to be objectively evaluated. 1) The armed insurrection of the KNU with narrow socialist views and as instigated by imperialism in itself is false. 2) The mass of Myanmar peoples, including the Kayin masses, loathe the KNU for atrocities like killing, burning down villages, sowing land mines, exploding bombs, extorting 'taxes', exacting 'tolls' and recruiting men forcibly during the forty years of its evil existence. 3) KNU followers are not satisfied that Nga Mya, as well as KNU leadership, have left their followers to theri own fate while they themselves have amassed funds, properties, estates and businesses in Thailand as well as in Western countries. 4) Nga Mya, who is prepared to make the Devil himself his bed-mate if that would be to his benefit, joined hands with such an opium smuggler and purveyor of vice like Khun Sa, and made himself a servile disciple of the West Bloc whose aim is to cause Myanmar's disintegration and enslave it. 5) In Bawtharaw incident Nga Mya personally executed his own followers and bayonetted those who were in the last throes of death. KNU followers suffered this insufferable kind of rule by terror, without the slightest semblance of any organizational style, only to wait for an opportunity to rise up. 6) Nga Mya discriminated between Kayins and other indigenous peoples, he discriminated between Sgaw Kayins, Pwo Kayins, Gekho Kayins and Gebar Kayins who belonged to his own tribe of Kayins; he discriminated between Buddhists and Christians; and even among Christians favoured only those who belonged to his own sect and profaned and insulted those who belonged to other denominations. This intensified hatred of Nga Mya not only among the Kayin masses but even among KNU ranks. 7) While other national groups are securing peace and are working for the welfare of their own people and their own region, Nga Mya keeps escalating his insurrection at a time when the Na Ta Wa has been trying for national reconciliation, unilaterally suspending offensives and offering peace. 8) Nga Mya keeps striving to prolong the evil existence of his insurrection by flouting the aspirations of a majority for peace through delaying and deceptive tactics for three years. 9) Nga Mya who sensed that a majority of KNU members who desired peace are Buddhist Kayins, tried to transform the peace issue into a religious issue. For this purpose he began to find fault with Myainggyingu Sayadaw, destroyed pagodas, monasteries and ordination halls, banned building of pagodas and attacked and killed Buddhists. For these sins did Nga Mya get evicted from Manerplaw, for these sins did the KNU collapse and for these sins did Nga Mya's clique come to drop the final curtain on their drama of sin and stupidity. "To sum up again. The fall of Manerplaw, causing Nga Mya to flee, is not like what the West Bloc is deliriously screaming. They are mere sequels to an explosion of fury sparked by intolerable insolence and impudence against Buddhist Kayins, in other words those who desire to secure peace and work for the welfare of their own people, their own State and their own Union, perpetrated by national traitor, mercenary puppet of neo-colonialists, most arrogant and peerlessly brutal murderer, Nga Mya." (NLM 2/25) Secretary-1 on Manerplaw Capture Jan. 31: Accompanying Vice-Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye, on a visit to Hpa-an on Jan. 30-31, SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt spoke to officials: "He said a group comprising himself and the ministers came to Hpa-an in November 1993, and, in order to achieve peace in Kayin State, invited the underground armed groups in the Kayin State to meet and hold talks with the Government to come into the legal fold and join hands in working for the interests of Kayin State and the country.... "The Secretary-1 said, moreover, that the Tatmadaw unilaterally halted all its offensives in Kayin State, but the KNU capitalised on this and machinated battles. "He said the KNU leader Bo Mya did not wish to accept the peace call of the Government. He had his KNU Headquarters at a place near the border of the two countries and whenever he got into a tight spot due to offensives he fled into the other country and came back when things quieted down. KNU Bo Mya and the leaders have business structures near the border and live intoxicated in luxury. As they therefore do not wish to give up their leadership they have in devious ways avoided peace giving absurd excuses for not holding peace talks.... "He said that, within the KNU armed group, unfairness in giving promotions and ranks, unfairness in giving reward and punishment, inferiority in leadership, excessive indulgence of leaders in luxury, neglect of followers, and prohibition of religious faith are causing dissent among the lower levels, increasing the ranks of antagonistic elements from day to day, and dissenters came to gather together.... "In 1994 because KNU leader Bo Mya deterred Sayadaw U Thuzana of Myainggyingu carrying out religious work, lower-level members of the armed group felt resentful and it led to rebellion and armed clashes broke out within the ranks of the KNU. Finally, the KNU Headquarters at Manerplaw was attacked and captured by the DKBA group which broke away from the KNU group.... "He said the attitude of the DKBA troop that had broken away from KNU was to put an end to the suffering of the people that had gone up because there was no peace due to armed clashes in Kayin State. So, they asked for help from the Tatmadaw to drive all who did not want peace out of the region. So, for the sake of peace and tranquillity in Kayin State and security of life of the people, the Tatmadaw provided necessary assistance to the DKBA group.... As the attitude and concept of the DKBA group which has broken away from the KNU group are in accord with its own attitude and consent, [the SLORC] has given necessary assistance. "He pointed out that as the KNUs have fled from the Manerplaw camp, the rays of peace in Kayin State are beginning to radiate...." (NLM 2/1) Feb. 9: Accompanying Vice-Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye on a trip to Mandalay, SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt spoke to officials: "He said KNU Bo Mya and the leaders gave unrealistic excuses to accept the invitations for peace extended by the Government.... However, those of younger generation at lower and middle levels wanted to make peace.... Although all races in the country are free to practice the religion of their choice, there is no religious freedom within the ranks of KNU armed group and moreover there is religious discrimination .... KNU leader Bo Mya obstructed the missionary work of Myainggyingu Sayadaw U Thuzana which caused much dissatisfaction among the lower levels, who revolted and battles broke out within the ranks of KNU .... Ultimately, the DKBA which split from the KNU group attacked and captured the Manerplaw KNU headquarters, he said. "The Secretary-1 went on to say that DKBA group with the attitude of wanting peace and tranquillity to reign in Kayin State...sought the help of the Tatmadaw and hence the Tatmadaw provided necessary assistance to the DKBA group which desired peace.... Any group which desires aims at achieving peace will get help...." Press Conference on Manerplaw Feb. 3: The Ministry of Defence held a press conference on the capture of Manerplaw by the breakaway Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization. Deputy Director Col. Kyaw Win of Defence Services Intelligence reviewed attempts to negotiate with the KNU since Tatmadaw offensives were halted in April 1992. But Bo Mya of the KNU, together with the DAB, NDF, NLD(LA), NCGUB, and formed the NCUB headed by Bo Mya on Aug. 4, 1992, and he launched a diplomatic offensive in the United States to get Myanmar expelled from the United Nations. His paper presented at the Carter Centre entitled "Thoughts and Recommendations regarding US and UN policy towards Burma," translated by the Canadian Kevin Heppner. He proposed seven points: arms, trade, and investment embargo; cessation of arms sales to Myanmar; ban on American investments; international ostracization; US pressure on Myanmar government to hand over power to a civil government; denial of US non-narcotic aid; US direct contacts with DAB and NCUB. He also visited the United Kingdom in October-November 1992. The NCUB formed the Political Defiance Committee and "distributed agitative pamphlets, set off bombs..., and resorted to other disruptive acts." Training was given in political defiance activities by "former retired US Defence Attache Robert Helvey and one Gene Sharp." The KNU held talks with Drug Warlord Khun Sa on April 10-12, 1994, who sent MTA Vice Chief of Staff Kan Sitt and his uncle Khun Sai to Manerplaw from Apr. 15-17, to coordinate cooperation. Eighty percent of KNU group are Buddhists, who all revered Myainggyingu Sayadaw U Thuzana. Review of Buddhist revolt and formation of DKBO. On Jan. 5, KNU attacked DKBO. "As a result, Phaungdaw U Pagoda was destroyed and Aiksathaya Kyaungtaik and a sima were burnt down at Thumwehta. Hundreds of people including civilians were killed. Thumwehta village was destroyed. Under the circumstances, the people asked for Tatmadaw's help. Accordingly, the Tatmadaw extended assistance to DKBO which has correct objectives, with the aim of ensuring peace and tranquillity in Kayin State.... Emboldened...[the DKBO] won a series of victories of Nga Mya's forces finally eliminating them. At last, they occupied the Manerplaw camp of the KNU headquarters." Questions from journalists were answered. (NLM 2/4) Kayins Return to Myanmar Feb. 3: 4,000 KNU members formed the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Organization (DKBO) at Myainggyingu Village, Papun Township [Kayin] on Dec. 21, and returned to Myanmar. On Jan. 27, 1995, nearly 4,000 members of the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Army attacked and captured KNU headquarters at Manerplaw, "driving Bo Mya and his followers to retreat to the other country in disarray." Many families of DKBO members, and others, are returning to Myanmar every day. A total of 1,885 males and 2,270 females from 755 households have arrived back to date, and are being given assistance by officials, USDA members, and local people. (NLM 2/4) Feb. 16: More DKBO members and families are returning daily to Myainggyingu village for resettlement in Myanmar. Altogether, 2,375 males and 2,686 females from 1,025 households have returned to date, with a total of 5,061. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 18: Families from KNU refugee camps have returned to Myanmar to live in the Manerplaw area. As of Feb. 12, 1,020 persons from 126 households of 10 villages had returned [details]. (NLM 2/19) Feb. 23: After the fall of Manerplaw on Jan. 27 and Kawmura (a) New Wakha on Feb. 21, "peace and security restored in Kayin State." Kayins from the refugee camps "in the other country" returned to Myainggyingu area "group by group". A total of 8,210 persons from 1,450 households "arrived back till 23 February." (NLM 2/24) Feb. 24: The Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association (Central) presented medical equipment worth K 925,000 and K 50,000 and donors from Yangon presented 1,200 bars of soap to Kayins returning to a model village near Myainggyingu. (NLM 2/15) SLORC Chairman on Tour Feb. 16: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe, accompanied by Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo, and a number of cabinet ministers, flew to Rakhine State, where he inspected the extension of Thandway [Sandoway] Airport, and the construction of the Kannthaya seaside resort in Gwa Township. (NLM 2/17) // Feb. 17: He inspected development services in Taunggup, Ann, and Kyaukpyu Townships. (NLM 2/18) // Feb. 18: He inspected Ngapali Beach and other development at Sittway, including construction of the Buddhology Museum. (NLM 2/19) // Feb. 19: He inspected development in Pauktaw and Rathedaung Townships. [full page of photos] (NLM 2/20) // Feb. 20: He inspected development in Buthitaung Township; he returned to Sittway, where Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win spoke of the "need to repair Phaungdawgyi Pontoon Bridge as quickly as possible." (NLM 2/21) // Feb. 21: He toured Kyauktaw Township, and visited Mrauk-U and the Maha Myat Muni Pagoda, prior to returning to Yangon. Before the SLORC came to power, there were only 472 miles of roads in Rakhine State; since 1988, there have been built 100 miles of metalled roads, 266 miles of gravel roads, 122 miles of laterite roads, and 345 miles of dirt roads, totalling 834 miles. There are now in Rakhine State 1,112 miles of road, including 769 miles of Pyidaungsu Highways and 343 miles of local roads. [maps] [full page of photos] (NLM 2/22) // [more photos] (NLM 2/23) KNU Kawmura Base Falls Feb. 21: Kawmura (New Wakha), "the last stronghold of Bo Mya's KNU armed group, was captured by the Democratic Kayin Buddhist Army (DKBA) after an assault that began Feb. 8. The camp, situated in a horseshoe curve of the Moei or Thaungyin River, was accessible from Myanmar at only one point. It was defended by Col. Htaw Hla with 800 men from the KNU No. 101 Battalion, and defended by 11 layers of barbed wire entanglements, three layers of trenches, 10 2-storey concrete bunkers, and many teak bunkers. [map] (NLM 2/22) Returnees from Bangladesh [Articles reporting the return of refugees from Bangladesh list the cumulative total since Sept. 22, 1992. Not all returns are reported in NLM, and, indeed, returns have increasingly been skipped, as the discrepancy between specific reports and the totals indicate.] Feb. 1: 1,920 persons from 369 households returned to various reception camps on Jan. 27-30, bringing the total to 151,932. (NLM 2/2) Feb. 2: 803 persons from 147 households returned to two reception camps on Jan. 31., bringing the total to 152,735. (NLM 2/ 3) Feb. 6: 1,674 persons from 324 households returned to the reception camps on Feb. 1-2, bringing the total to 154,409. (NLM 2/7) Feb. 8: 1,627 persons from 313 households returned to the reception camps on Feb. 3 and 6, bringing the total to 156,036. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 10: 1,009 persons from 184 households returned to the reception camps on Feb. 8, bringing the total to 157,703. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 13: 486 persons from 95 households returned to the Kanyinchaung reception camp on Feb. 10, bringing the total to 158,661. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 18: 1,035 persons from 202 households returned to the reception camps on Feb. 16, bringing the total to 161,897. (NLM 2/19) Feb. 20: 543 persons from 109 households returned to the reception camps on Feb. 17, bringing the total to 162,440. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 21: 1,027 persons from 174 returned to Taungbyo and Kanyinchaung reception camps on Feb. 20, bringing the total to 163,467. (NLM 2/22) Feb. 23: 678 persons from 132 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp, bringing the total to 164,145. (NLM 2/24) Feb. 27: 475 persons from 93 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Feb. 24, bringing the total to 116,275 [sic] persons from 33,920 households. (NLM 2/28) Special Refresher Courses Feb. 4: Speaking at the conclusion of Special Refresher Course No. 5 for Police Officers, Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin "stated that the Law of PPF discipline is being drafted and that effective legal action will be taken against the personnel who break the law.... He dealt with the punishments to be meted out to the undutiful that they will be transferred first and if progress is not made in their work, they will be dismissed. He urged PPF officers and personnel to be dutiful, to carry out their tasks with patriotism and to avoid taking bribes...." (NLM 2/5) Feb. 7: Editorial: Reform of PPF management system. ["The minister, in reminding them of the Senior General's proper guidance, pointed out that their proper discharge of duties must not be marred by taking of bribes.... At present, sections of the public are critical of the police. The way some of them are hostile to them depicts that they are losing face in dealing with the public. In fact, as the saying 'the whole boatload stinks because of a single rotten fish' goes, such earning of a bad name contaminates others and theri community's reputation suffers due to a group of those who are involved in corrupt practices in abuse of power.... To put it in a nutshell, it is crucial moment for the police to commit themselves to cooperate in the task for proper reform of the PPF management system and do their best avoiding bribery and corrupt practices in discharging duties in the national and public interest."] Feb. The conclusion of Special Refresher Course No. 14 for Basic Education Teachers was addressed by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, who reviewed SLORC peace negotiations with various armed organizations, and the efforts of Bo Mya, the KNU leader, and his "minion organizations DAB, NDF, NLD(LA), and NCGUB" to discredit Myanmar internationally. The NCUB joined in this, and in its second phase "formed the Political Defiance Committee and distributed propaganda leaflets and planted bombs to cause misleading impression of the people on the government and instigate disturbances." He discussed the formation of the DKBO by Buddhist Kayins, and Tatmadaw assistance to it when it and local residents were attacked by the KNU, saying that "it was only the leadership of Bo Mya's KNU that practised discrimination among the followers due to difference of faiths." The illegitimate parallel government of the NCGUB was formed by Sein Win, with 11 ministers; now only 7 remain, and the group is divided into three factions "while Sein Win is still going around the US and begging for meals." Another group was ABSDF, which split into four groups led respectively by Moe Thee Zun, Naing Aung, Thant Zin Tun, and Thaung Nyunt, plus the ABSDF (Overseas) organized by Moe Thee Zun. The groups are now disorganized despite efforts by the KNU's Tamla Baw. Moe Thee Zun's group moved to the southern region, while the others collect "extortion money at sea." Most of the ABSDF (North) wished to join the KIA in making peace with the government in 1994, but its leaders under Than Gyoung did not agree. The CRDB was led by expatriates, with branches in England, Germany, Australia, and Bangladesh. "Khin Maung Win and Tun Aung of CRDB (USA) are working for VOA and movement of CRDB diminished beginning 1994 and are now organizing the students who arrived from Thai-Myanmar border, he said. Aung Khin, Than Lwin Tun (a) Aung Naing and Khin Hla Thi who took part in the movement of CRDB (UK) in London are part-time producers of BBC Myanmar Programme and therefore reports of VOA and BBC Myanmar Programmes are opinions of CRDB (USA) and CRDB (UK), he said. CRDB (FRG) was formed with German citizen Myanmars and remaining expatriates and their movement became less as there is disunity among them, he said. CRDB (Australia), he said, was formed in 1989 and also ceased to move in 1994. "Various groups like BAG (Burma Action Group), INDB (International Network for Democracy in Burma) and BDCI (Burma Democratic Council International) were also formed later but they are just sub-groups of CRDB.... "He stated that the purpose to explain the intentions and movements of these destructive elements is to enable the teachers to lead their pupils away from the track of the dangers of their machinations...." (NLM 2/19) Prisoners Released Feb. 4: 23 persons serving prison terms were released, under Section 401(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code; 12 from Insein, 1 from Toungoo, 1 from Mawlamyine, and 9 from Pakokku. (NLM 2/5) Feb. 6: Four persons were released from Insein Central Jail under Section 401(1). (NLM 2/7) Feb. 9: Seven persons were released from Insein Central Jail under Section 401(1). (NLM 2/10) Feb. 11: 20 men were released under Section 403(1): 4 from Pathein Prison, 11 from Myaungmya Prison, and 5 from Phyapon Prison. (NLM 2/12) National Races Feb. 24: A study group from the Kayan Pyithit Party and 43 regional people from the Hsibu Thekyeit region, led by Capt. Kyaw Soe of the Regional Control Command (Loikaw), visited the Insein locomotive workshop, the Insein Ywama Steel Mill, and a cigarette factory, and took a river cruise on the Yangon River. (NLM 2/25) // Feb. 25: The group visited the Tiger Parahita School for Development of National Races, the Shwedagon Pagoda, the Buddhology Museum, the Maha Wizaya Zedi, and the Bogyoke Aung San Market. (NLM 2/26) // Feb. 26: The group continued its excursion, visiting the Memorial to Fallen Heroes, Bogyoke Aung San Park, the People's Square, and other sights. (NLM 2/27) NATIONAL CONVENTION National Convention Working Sessions [News stories sometimes list speakers, and often note when the next meetings are due, but very little of substance is included.] Jan. 31: Two groups met. State service personnel: compilation was completed on chapters on Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary for the Plenary Session. Representatives-elect: presentation of proposal papers on Judiciary was discussed. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 1: One group met. Political parties: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized a paper on Executive. (NLM 2/2) Feb. 2: One group met. State service personnel: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized a proposal paper on Judiciary. (NLM 2/ 3) Feb. 3: One group met. State service personnel: proposal papers on Executive were read. (NLM 2/4) Feb. 10: One group met. Political parties: the Panel of Chairmen discussed proposal papers on Judiciary. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 14: One group met. Political parties: proposal papers on Judiciary were presented. At a meeting of the National Convention Convening Commission, Management Committee Chairman Brig-Gen. Tin Aye said that all proposal papers on self-administered areas, and on Legislative and Executive chapters, have been received. Proposal papers on Judiciary have been received from all delegate groups except political parties and representatives-elect, which are still being compiled. (NLM 2/15) Feb. 17: One group met. Political parties: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized proposal papers on Judiciary. (NLM 2/18) Feb. 20: Two groups met. Political parties: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized proposal papers on Judiciary. Representatives-elect: the Panel of Chairmen received a proposal paper on Judiciary. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 21: Two groups met. Political parties: a proposal paper on Judiciary was heard, and the remaining parties were invited to submit papers. Representatives-elect: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized proposal papers on Judiciary. (NLM 2/22) Feb. 23: One group met. Political parties: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized the proposal paper on Judiciary. (NLM 2/24) Feb. 24: Two groups met. Political parties: proposal papers on Judiciary were presented. Representatives-elect: the Panel of Chairmen heard positions papers on Judiciary. (NLM 2/25) Feb. 27: Two groups met: Political Parties: the Panel of Chairmen scrutinized a proposal paper on Judiciary. Representatives-elect: proposal papers on Judiciary were read. (NLM 2/28) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls [The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Details of the meetings are rarely reported. Ambassadors generally accompany foreign visitors from their countries on official calls, and their presence is generally not noticed in this Summary. Newly arrived and departing Ambassadors generally make the rounds of Cabinet Ministers and other leading officials.] Jan. 31: Thai Ambassador Poksak Nilubol called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, and on Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 2: Indian Ambassador Gopalaswami Parthasarathy called on Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw. Pakistani Ambassador Abbas H. Mirza called on Minister for Communications, Posts & Telegraphs U Soe Tha. (NLM 2/3) Feb. 8: Vietnamese Ambassador Tran Viet Tan called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 10: Indian Ambassador Gopalaswami Parthasarathy called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. Chinese Ambassador Mrs. Chen Baoliu called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 13: Ghanaian Ambassador Anthony Forson called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. Pakistani Ambassador Abbas H. Mirza called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint. Indian Ambassador Gopalaswami Parthasarathy called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 20: Thai Ambassador Poksak Nilubol called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 21: The Thai Ambassador called on Chief Justice U Aung Toe. (NLM 2/22) Feb. 22: Malaysian Ambassador John Tenewi Nuek called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. Yugoslav Charge d'Affaires Milos Beljic called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 2/23) Feb. 24: Indian Ambassador Gopalaswami Parthasarathy called on Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt to discuss "conveyance of Buddha's Sacred Relics from Kapilivatthu of India to the Union of Myanmar." (NLM 2/25) Feb. 27: French Ambassador Bernard Pottier called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint. Thai Ambassador Poksak Nilubol called on Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin to discuss border trade. (NLM 2/28) New Ambassadors to Myanmar Feb. 7: The Government has agreed to the appointment of Mr. K.B. Fernando as new Ambassador of Sri Lanka to Myanmar, succeeding Ambassador S.W. Alawathuwala. Born Feb. 13, 1939, Mr. Fernando obtained a BA Special Degree in Economics from the University of Ceylon in 1963. He joined the Foreign Service in 1975 and has served in Indonesia, Egypt, and Canada. He is currently Minister-Counsellor at the Sri Lanka Embassy in Bangkok. He is married with one son. (NLM 2/7) Feb. 9: The Government has agreed to the appointment of Mrs. Sonia C. Brady as new Ambassador of the Philippines to Myanmar. Mrs. Brady was born Aug. 22, 1942, and received a Bachelor of Letters at the University of Santo Thomas, a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service at the University of the Philippines, and an MA in International Relations at the University of Southern California in the USA. She joined the Foreign Affairs Department in 1968, and has served in Beijing and Bangkok before becoming Deputy Chief of Mission in Jakarta on Jan. 18, 1994. She has held various positions in Manila, including Executive Director, Office of Asian and Pacific Affairs. (NLM 2/10) Feb. 13: Mr. Anthony Forson, new Ambassador of Ghana to Myanmar, presented credentials to SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe. (NLM 2/14) New Myanmar Ambassadors Feb. 1: U Win Mra, Permanent Representative to the United Nations, New York, has been concurrently appointed as new Myanmar Ambassador to Mexico, and new Myanmar Ambassador to Cuba. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 15: U Set, Myanmar Ambassador to China, has been concurrently appointed as new Myanmar Ambassador to Mongolia. (NLM 2/15) Feb. 23: U Nyunt Tin, Myanmar Ambassador to France, has been concurrently appointed as new Myanmar Ambassador to Switzerland. (NLM 2/23) Diplomatic Tours Feb. 4: Ambassadors in Yangon, led by Dean of the Diplomatic Corps Malaysian Ambassador Mr. Datuk John Tenewi Nuek, toured Buthitaung and Maungtaw Townships in Rakhine State from Feb. 1-3. They visited reception camps for returning refugees from Bangladesh, and met with UNHCR and Myanmar officials. "The ambassadors said they were satisfied with reception and accommodation for those who had returned from Bangladesh and regional development activities." (NLM 2/5) Feb. 10: UNDP Resident Representative Mr. D. Gardner, Russian Ambassador Mr. V.V. Nazarov, Thai Ambassador Mr. Poksak Nilubol, Canadian Ambassador Mr. M.V. Nostitz, and US Charge d'Affaires Ms. M.A. Meyers toured Innlay Lake from Feb. 8-10, accompanied by Director-General U Myat Thin of the Planning and Statistics Department, Ministry of Forestry. (NLM 2/11) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Joint Workshops & Projects Feb. 24: The first National Seminar on Myanmar Agenda 21, jointly sponsored by the National Commission for Environmental Affairs and ESCAP, was held at the International Business Centre. Commission Chairman Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw, spoke. Noting Myanmar's ratification of the Biodiversity Convention and the Framework Convention on Climate Change, he said Myanmar's Agenda 21 should be built on the National Environmental Policy and be in keeping with Agenda 21 adopted at Rio. Other speakers were Deputy Regional Representative Mr. Mitsuo Usuki of UNEP, Assistant Resident Representative Maurice Dewulf of UNDP, and Regional Environmental Adviser Mr. Brij Kishore of ESCAP. (NLM 2/25) Donations from Abroad [We report donations that apparently come from foreign sources. We do not normally report the numerous articles on donations by Burmese individuals and companies to government, religious, and social organizations and charities.] Jan. 31: The Japanese Government donated US$ 50,361 for the Mandalay YMCA Aungpinle Day Nursery. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 2: The German Government donated film and drawing paper worth US$ 2,750 to the Department of Archaeology for use in Bagan. (NLM 2/3) Feb. 7: Chairman Mr. Louis Tan of Techmat Myanmar Co. presented "Snickers" worth US$ 105,939 to the Ministry of Defence for distribution to "hospitals, social welfare organizations and Tatmadawmen discharging national defence duties in forward areas." (NLM 2/8) Feb. 16: Mr. Bernt Einarsson of the Swedish Relief and Hospital Supply Group Eriks HJ' A' Lpen, donated 41 kinds of hospital equipment for a 16 bed hospital to the Health Department, through the General Council of Evangelic Churches Archbishop Reverend U Myo Chit of Yangon Evangelic Church. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 17: Chairman Mr. Kazuo Haruna of the Marubeni Corporation of Japan donated US$ 10,000 to the Myanma Maternal and Child Welfare Association. [see also under Business Visitors] (NLM 2/18) Feb. 21: Chairman Mr. Tadashi Itoh of Sumitomo Corporation presented stationery worth US$ 6,000 to the Deputy Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs U Kyaw Tin. [see also under Business Visitors] (NLM 2/ 22) Feb. 22: Regional Director Mr. Malcolm Boon and Regional Engineer Mr. Steve Robinson of Ohmeda Medical Engineering (Medaes) Co. presented medical equipment worth US$ 33,376 to the No. 2 Military Hospital. (NLM 2/23) Feb. 25: Directors of Value Industries Ltd. of Hong Kong, working for the Yangon Garment Industry Co. Ltd., donated microscopes and accessories worth US$ 20,383 to Military Hospital No. 2. (NLM 2/26) Border & Regional Affairs Feb. 16: Myanmar-Thai civil aviation talks were held between Myanmar, represented by Director-General U Tin Aye of the Department of Civil Aviation, and Director-General Dr. Srisook Chandrangsu of the Thai Department of Civil Aviation; agreed minutes were signed. (NLM 2/1&0 Social and Economic Cooperation Feb. 19: The 5-day Intercountry Consultative Meeting on the role of health volunteers in strengthening community action for health opened at the Medical Research Department. Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin addressed the 46 delegates from 10 countries (India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, Maldives, Papua New Guinea, and Myanmar). (NLM 2/20) // Feb. 22: The delegates visited Taikkyi health facilities; in the evening Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt hosted a dinner for them. (NLM 2/23) Feb. 27: Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel explained the Myanma economy at the British Week Seminar at the International Business Centre on Pyay Road. (NLM 2/28) FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Visitors [Includes visitors from both governmental and non-governmental agencies] Feb. 2: Director Mr. Noritake Morita of the Asian Development Bank called on Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung. Together with Programmes Manager Mr. N. Amerasinge, he also called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss "economic services under the Myanmar-ADB joint implementation plan and edible oil projects." They also discussed Myanmar's investment opportunities to be presented at the Seminar on Promotion of Economic Cooperation between Six Nations in Mekong Region, to be held in Tokyo. (NLM 2/3) Feb. 5: United Nations Assistant Secretary-General Mr. Alvaro de Soto, representing the Secretary-General, arrived, accompanied by Director Mr. Francese Vendrell of the East Asia and Pacific Division, UN Department of Political Affairs. (NLM 2/6) // Feb. 6: He called on Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw. (NLM 2/7) // Feb. 7: He called on Chairman Chief Justice U Aung Toe of the National Convention Convening Work Committee and members. (NLM 2/8) // Feb. 8: He called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, and later departed by air. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 7: Director Mr. Hedayat Ahmed of the UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, resident in Bangkok, together with Programme Officers Mr. J. Sequeira and Dr. Tun Lwin, called on Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw to discuss projects in Bagan being undertaken jointly by UNESCO, UNDP, and the Archaeology Department, including formulation and assistance for the Master Plan. He also called on Minister for Education U Pan Aung, accompanied by Mr. Sequeira and Chief Technical Adviser Ms. Kannikar Yaemgeasorn to discuss the Improving Quality of Primary Education in Rural Areas, and the Improved Access to Primary Education in Rural Areas projects being undertaken by UNESCO and UNDP. (NLM 2/ 8) Feb. 8: Asian Programme Director Dr. Alan Rabinowitz of Wildlife and Reserved Forests Protection Group, New York, NY, called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe to discuss a Jan. 16-31 course at Alaungdaw Katthapa Wildlife Park on census taking of wildlife population and conservation of forests. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 14: Regional Representative Mr. David Delapraz of the International Red Cross called on Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin. (NLM 2/15) Feb. Executive Committee members Mr. Shigekazu Nagano and Mr. Shigeomi Hirata of the Asian Pacific Children's Convention in Fukuoka, Japan, called on Deputy Education Minister Col. Kyi Maung to discuss future programmes of the "Get-together of Youths and Students in Asia and Pacific Region." (NLM 2/18) Cultural Visitors Feb. 16: Principal Mr. Khoo Kay Chai of Singapore Polytechnic Institute called on Minister for Education U Pan Aung. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 19: A 5-member goodwill delegation from the All-China Women's Federation, led by Ms. Liu Liying, arrived at the invitation of the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 2/20) // Feb. 20: The delegation called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint, and visited the Institute of Culture and other institutions. (NLM 2/21) // Feb. 21: The delegation called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. It visited the Shwedagon Pagoda and the Myanma Gems Enterprise. (NLM 2/22) // Feb. 23: The delegation watched rowing and yachting demonstrations on Inya Lake. On Feb. 22, it visited Mandalay. (NLM 2/24) // Feb. 24: The delegation left, after visiting Padagyi village in Kyauktan Township. (NLM 2/25) Feb. 21: A Laos goodwill delegation led by Laos Deputy Minister for Culture and Information Mr. Rouabane Vorakhoune arrived. (NLM 2/22) // Feb. 22: He called on Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw, Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, and visited the Shwedagon Pagoda. (NLM 2/23) // Feb. 23: He visited the Myanma Television and Radio Department. (NLM 2/24) // Feb. 27: Following a tour of Yangon, including Kaba Aye Pagoda and the National Theatre, Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw hosted a dinner for the Deputy Minister. (NLM 2/28) Medical Visitors Feb. 1: Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt hosted a dinner for Chairman Dr. William D. Sawyer of the China Medical Board of the US and party. (NLM 2/2) Feb. 13: Orthopaedic Surgeon Dr. David McNicol and Cardiac Surgeon Dr. Ian Ross of Canberra, Australia, arrived to exchange experiences perform operations. Dr. McNicol will work at Yangon General Hospital, Orthopaedic Hospital, North Okkalapa Hospital, and Mandalay People's Hospital until Feb. 22. Dr. Ross will work at Yangon General Hospital until Feb. 15. (NLM 2/14) // Feb. 17: Dr. McNicol will lecture at the Myanma Medical Association on "Investigations and Management of Lumbar Spinal Problems" on Feb. 18. (NLM 2/18) // Feb. 18: He gave the lecture. (NLM 2/19) Feb. 13: Members from the Interplast Group led by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Specialist Dr. Debra Johnson called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt, who also hosted a dinner for them. (NLM 2/14) Business Visitors Feb. 1: Chairman Samuel Dankner of Dankner Investments Ltd. called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 2/2) Feb. 9: Managing Director Mr. Teruyoshi Katsurada of Dentsu Co. of Japan and party called on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba, and offered to promote Myanmar tourism in Japan. (NLM 2/10) // Feb. 10: He called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, and on Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw. (NLM 2/ 11) Feb. 10: Managing Director Mr. M. Kawada and party of Sumitomo Corp. of Japan called on Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs Lt-Gen. Maung Thint to discuss investments. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 13: Senior Managing Director Mr. H. Kawamura and party of Mitsubishi Corp. of Japan called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi, and on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 14: President Mr. Kazuo Haruna of Marubeni Corp. and an economic study group of Japan arrived and called on Minister for Industry 1 Lt-Gen. Sein Aung, on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin, on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, and on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. (NLM 2/15) // Feb. 15: The group toured Yangon, visiting the Shwedagon Pagoda. A group under Vice-Chairman Mr. Nakamura visited the Daewoo Electronics Myanmar Co., and the Thamaing Textile Factory. (NLM 2/15) // Feb. 15: Mr. Haruna called on Minister for Industry-2 U Than Shwe, and on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. Mr. Nakamura called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 2/16) // Feb. 16: He called on Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Yin, on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, and on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 2/17) // Feb. 17: He signed a Memorandum of Understanding to "undertake investment functions for Myanma economic development" with Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. He also called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung to discuss importing Myanmar prawns, fish and poultry breeding, and the construction of cold storage and canning factories and wharfs. Later he departed for home. (NLM 2/18) Feb. 15: Chairman Mr. Sim Kee Boon and party of Keppel Shipyard Construction of Singapore called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, and on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. (NLM 2/16) // Feb. 16: He called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi, and on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 2/17) // Feb. 17: he called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss "investment opportunities and privatization programmes in Myanmar." He also called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 2/18) Feb. 16: Mr. Katsuhiko Moriya, Prefecturial Government Commercial and Industrial Administration Division, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, and party, called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 16: A 64-member Thai Trade Delegation, led by Deputy Permanent Secretary Mr. Prathueng Srirodban of the Ministry of Commerce, including 52 private entrepreneurs, called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi, and held meetings with the Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 19: A Japanese economic mission led by Chairman Mr. Tadashi Itoh of Sumitomo Corp. arrived. (NLM 2/20) // Feb. 20: Mr. Itoh visited the Shwedagon Pagoda, and called on Deputy Minister for Energy U Tin Tun, and on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 2/21) // Feb. 21: He called on Managing Director U Htay Aung of Myanma Posts and Telecommunications. He signed a Memorandum of Understanding for trade and investment cooperation was signed with Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. He was received by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 2/22) Feb. 20: Mr. Koichi Kujirai and party from Engineering Advancement Association of Japan met with Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss investment. (NLM 2/ 21) Feb. 20: Former French Foreign Minister Jean Francois-Poncet called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss investment prospects in Myanmar. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 21: A 9-member Thai Trade Mission, led by Chairman Mr. Photipong Lamsam of the Board of Trade of Thailand and the Thai Chamber of Commerce, called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi, and on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. Then the Minister met with the 86-member Thai Trade Mission. (NLM 2/22) // Feb. 22: The Mission called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, and on Deputy Minister for Mines U Myint Thein. (NLM 2/23) // The Mission held discussions with the Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and signed a Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation. (NLM 2/24) Feb. 24: Vice-Chairman Mr. Takuya Yoshida of Itochu Corporation of Japan and delegation called on Chairman Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin of the Myanmar Investment Commission, and Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, to discuss "oil and gas industry, telecommunications, and bilateral economic cooperation. Later, he signed a Memorandum of Understanding on investment and economic cooperation. He also called on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein to discuss the Yadana Offshore Natural Gas Project. (NLM 2/25) Feb. 24: Deputy Mayor Mr. Huang Xueqi and an Economic and Trade Delegation from the Yangzhou Municipal Government in china called on Deputy Minister for Industry-1 U Than Nyunt. (NLM 2/25) // Feb. 25: The delegation called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 2/26) // Feb. 27: The Deputy Mayor called on Deputy Minister for Industry-2 U Saw Tun. (NLM 2/28) Feb. 27: A Japanese delegation from the Society of Modernization, led by former Deputy Minister of Finance of Japan Mr. Tadao Chino, called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi to discuss trade and investment opportunities in Myanmar. (NLM 2/28) Feb. 27: A delegation of Hong Kong and Singapore entrepreneurial organizations led by Mr. Jeremy King called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. (NLM 2/28) Religious Visitors Feb. 25: A South Korean Buddhist delegation led by Ven. Jeon Woon Duck, Chairman of the Chun Tae Buddhist Sect, arrived. The delegation includes 7 monks and 2 lay persons. (NLM 2/26) Foreign Journalists Feb. 13: Correspondent Mr. Michael T. Carey of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) of New South Wales, Australia, called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung. (NLM 2/14) // Jan. 14: Accompanied by fellow SBS correspondents Mr. K.Y. Choung and Ms. Kate Gunn, he called on Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs Lt-Gen. Maung Thint. (NLM 2/15) Feb. 24: Managing Director Mr. Enayehtullah Khan of United News of Bangladesh arrived Feb. 22 for talks with Myanma News Agency (MNA) of News and Periodicals Enterprise. He also met with Myanma Television and Radio, the Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and Myanmar Pearl Production and Trading. Managing Director Lt-Col. Tin Kha of NPE hosted a dinner. (NLM 2/25) // Feb. 25: he called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant. (NLM 2/26) Feb. 24: Mr. Gunnar Filseth, correspondent of the Aftenposten newspaper of Norway, called on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. (NLM 2/25) US Burma Campaign Veterans Feb. 1: Vice-Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye met with the visiting American veterans of Merrill's Marauders and the recapture of Myitkyina. He conferred the Star of Liberation on Brig-Gen. (Ret.) L. Robert Caster of the China-Burma-India (CBI) War Veterans Organization of the United States, and on 23 veterans with him, namely (all retired): Capt. Donald W. Dolorey, Capt. Paul L. Tobey, Capt. Arthur W. Wilson, Lt. Kenneth I. Gomaer, Sgt. Roy H. Matsumoto, Sgt. David L. Guaid, Sgt. Leroy E. Fisher, Sgt. Charles L. Hattaway, Sgt. Stanley James Moloney, Sgt. Richard Gillette, Sgt. Henry T. Kinder, Sgt. Lloyd J. Messersmith, Cpl. Lloyd R. Handenburg, Cpl. Theodor G. Zakotnik, Cpl. George P. Smith, Cpl. Harold L. Bengtson, Cpl. Ora J. Taylor, Pte. Anthony Colombo, Mr. James P. Desalvo on behalf of his grandfather Coo. K. Johnson, Mr. Michael S. McLaughlin on behalf of his father Lt-Col. George Malcolm McLaughlin, Messrs. Erik K. and Robert R. Syverson on behalf of their grandfather Lt-Col. William H. Coomes. The Veterans were received by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. "They said the stable and peaceful situation in the country and the real situation as regards preservation of culture in the country will be recounted when they get back to the United States." They embarked on their plane to return home. "'All of us are in culture shock,'" commented Brig-Gen. Caster, adding that "'We expected to find flat land as we left it, but we found everyone prosperous. One of us was looking for his foxhole, but found it to be lost to an Olympic-size stadium.'" He praised Myanmar, "the kind of progress that has been made in economic and social aspects, and with preparations for Visit Myanmar Year. Before they came, he said, they had heard 'adverse kinds of reports' which were untrue. They would go back and tell their people about the vast difference." Said another veteran, "'We'll have to go tell everyone Myanmar is different, from what she has been made out to be by certain sections of the foreign media.'" (NLM 2/2) Mauritius Trade Minister Feb. 3: Minister for Trade and Shipping Mr. Dwarkanath Gungah of Mauritius, and party, departed. (NLM 2/4) [This is the first reference to this visit we have observed.] Bhutan Health Secretary Feb. 7: Secretary Mr. Dasho Sangay Ngedup of the Bhutan Ministry of Health called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt, to discuss "sending scholars to study under-graduate and post-graduate courses here." OSS Veterans Feb. 11: An 18-member delegation from OSS-101 Var Veterans Organization of the United States, led by former Ambassador Julian M. Nienczyk, who fought the Japanese in the Myanma theatre during World War II arrived by air. (NLM 2/12) // Feb. 12: They visited sights in Yangon. (NLM 2/ 13) // Feb. 13: The OSS-101 Veterans called on Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. They also called on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung to discuss "construction of an agriculture training school in Lashio in commemoration of their service in Myanmar 50 years ago." They also called on Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs Lt-Gen. Maung Thint. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 20: The OSS group called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. In the evening it hosted a dinner, attended by Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun, Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung, Director of Defence Services Museum and Historical Research Institute Col. Ye Htut and others. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 21: The OSS group met with the press. "In reply to questions, they proved that accusations of human rights violations and on religion were false, saying they found all religious buildings they had visited during their stay were clean and tidy." They praised Myanmar's economic prospects, anti-narcotics efforts, and preservation of traditional culture. The delegation was received by Vice-Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye, who conferred the Star of Liberation Medal on the veterans (retired ranks given): former Ambassador Capt. Julian M. Niemczyk, Maj. Thomas Baldwin, Maj. Peter Lutken, Jr., Capt. Daniel Mudrinich, Capt. Oliver Ryder, Capt. Stuart Power, M/Sgt. Vincent Trifletti, S/Sgt. Harvey Sussman, Cpl. Oliver Trechtor, Mrs. Silvia Little on behalf of her deceased spouse Lt-Col. Harry Little, Mr. Gordon Joost on behalf of his deceased father Lt-Col. P. Joost, Mrs. Marjorie Luce on behalf of her deceased spouse Cdr. James Luce, and Mr. Niemczyk on behalf of Capt. Roger Hilsman, 1st Lt. Mendel Kaliff, and 1st Lt. Robert Saltztein. The delegation was also received by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, and by Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, before departing for home.(NLM 2/22) US Narcotics Team Feb. 19: A group of officials left for Kengtung and Lashio to carry out "field survey of illicit opium poppy plantations" for the second time. The six-member group is headed by Ms. Sue Bromley of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, and includes Counsellor of Embassy Mr. Barry Broman and three others. Myanmar escorts are Lt-Col. Khin Maung Thein, Police Lt-Col Kham Aung of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control, and agricultural experts. (NLM 2/20) Feb. 25: The team, including Ms. Sue Bromley of the Counter Narcotic Centre of the United States, and Consul Mr. Barry Broman of the US Embassy, "conducted second poppy sampling in Shan State from Feb. 20 till yesterday under Myanmar-US Joint Opium Yield Survey Project." The flew to Kengtung Feb. 19. On Feb. 20 they were briefed at Mekong Yeiktha, and then "helicoptered to illicit poppy plantations... in Mongyan Township." They conducted similar surveys in Kunheng Township on Feb. 21, Kengtung Township on Feb. 22, Kutkai Township on Feb. 23, and Hopang Township on Feb. 24. They met local Kokang national leaders at Chinshwehaw. Finally, they conducted poppy sampling "at the peak of Mt. Loipinye near Tasuetan Village in Kunlong Township, before returning the Yangon on Feb. 24. (NLM 2/26, correction on 2/28) Vietnam Defence Minister Feb. 23: Vietnam Minister for National Defence Gen. Doan Khue and Madame, and a delegation, arrived on a friendly visit. With the Minister are Deputy Minister Lt-Gen. Nguyen Thei Bung, Deputy Chief of General Staff Lt-Gen. Than Van Tra, Navy Commander Vice-Adm. Mai Xuan Vinh, Head of Foreign Relations Department Lt-Gen. Vu Xuan Vinh, Deputy Head of General Department Studies Maj-Gen. Vu Chinh, and Deputy Head of Operations Department Maj-Gen. Phung Duang Thanh. They were met by Minister at the Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung and other officials. (NLM 2/24) Feb. 24: The Vietnam Defence Minister was received by SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe. Commander-in-Chief (Navy) Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt hosted a lunch on board a naval vessel at Nanthida Jetty. Minister at the Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung hosted a dinner at the Mya Yeik Nyo Royal Hotel. (NLM 2/ 25) Feb. 26: Commander-in-Chief (Air) Lt-Gen. Thein win hosted a dinner for the Minister. On Feb. 25, the Minister visited Mandalay, the Defence Services Academy at Pyin-Oo-Lwin, and the Shande Flying Training Base at Meiktila. (NLM 2/27) Feb. 27: The Minister visited the Shwedagon Pagoda, the National Defence College, and the Myanma Gems Enterprise, before departing. (NLM 2/28) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations Jan. 31: Twenty young teachers left for Japan to study education activities for one month in Japan, at the invitation of the Japan International Cooperation Agency. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 12: Lecturers Daw Tin Tin Htay and Daw Win Win Than of the Central Institute of Civil Service left for Hyderabad, India, to attend an 8-week Training Methods and Skills Course at the National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training. (NLM 2/ 13) Feb. 12: Editor U Maung Maung Aye of The New Light of Myanmar, Assistant Editor U Soe Myint of Myanma Television and Radio Department, Editor U Kyaw Myint and Staff Officer Daw Khin Myint Khaing of the Information and Public Relations Department left for Hyderabad to attend an 8-week Information Storage and Data Retrieval Course under the Colombo Plan. (NLM 2/13) Feb. 12: General Manager U Saw Aung of Myanma Agricultural Produce Trading, Officer on Special Duty Lt-Col. Ye Tun of the Ministry of Trade, and MAPT Bago Division Manager U Tin Shwe left for Hanoi to attend a Training Seminar on Developing Assembly, Wholesale and Retail Markets, Transactional Methods and Supporting Services from Feb. 14-20. (NLM 2/13) Delegations to Meetings & Events Feb. 6: A delegation led by Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel left for Japan to attend the Seminar on Economic Cooperation and Investment Promotion of Six Countries in Mekong River Region--Cambodia, China, Lao, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, to be held in Tokyo on Feb. 9, sponsored by the Asian Development Bank. Other members are Commander Brig-Gen. Kyi Aung of the No. 88 Light Infantry Division, Director-General U Ohn Lwin of Project Appraisal and Progress Reporting Department, Deputy Director U Kyi Tun of the Foreign Ministry, Deputy Director U Soe Tin of the Central Bank of Myanmar, and the Minister's PSO U Tin Maung Htay. (NLM 2/7) // Feb. 15: The delegation returned. (NLM 2/ 16) Feb. 13: Prof. Dr. Molly Maung of the Zoology Department, Yangon University, left for Singapore National University to attend a Feb. 13-15 Planning Meeting for Setting Up an Asian Network of Biological Sciences. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 13: Prof. Dr. Maung Thin of the Geology Department, Yangon University, left Feb. 12 for Calcutta to attend a Workshop on Formative Working Group Meeting on Environment and Urban Geology for Sustainable Development of the Fast-growing Cities, and the First Session of the Forum on Urban Geology in Asia and the Pacific, from Feb. 14-17. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 20: A delegation led by Deputy Director U Than Tun of the Motion Picture Enterprise left Feb. 19 for Bangkok to attend the Bol Fair '95 Film Festival. Other members are Film Director U Kyi Soe Tun and Producer U Myint Soe. (NLM 2/21) // Feb. 27: The delegation returned, after presenting the film Soun Ye at the Festival. (NLM 2/28_ Feb. 21: Director-General U Kyaw Myint of the Trade Department left for Thailand to attend the Feb. 22-24 Expert Consultative Meeting on the Benefits and Challenges Facing Asia-Pacific Agricultural Trading Countries. (NLM 2/22) Feb. 25: A delegation headed by Deputy Minister for Energy U Tin Tun left for France to attend the Feb. 27 Environmental Committee meeting for the Yadana Natural Gas Field Development Project. Other members are Director U Kyaw Nyein of Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise and Deputy Director U Kyaw Nyunt Lwin of the Forest Department. (NLM 2/26) Energy Delegation to Thailand Jan. 31: A delegation led by Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein left for Thailand to "sell natural gas." They will sign contracts with Thailand "on the sale of natural gas from Yadana natural gas field to Thailand." Delegations members are Managing Director U Pe Kyi of Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise, Director-General U Myo Myint of the Energy Planning Department, Col. Zaw Tun of the Ministry of Defence, SLORC Adviser U Hset Maung, Director-General Daw Khin Than Tin of the Auditor-General's Office, Director-General U Kyaw Aye of the Attorney-General's Office, Legal Adviser U Tun Naing of the Ministry of Energy, General Manager U Soe Kyaw of Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (Offshore), the Ministers PSO U Aye Myint, and delegation Secretary Deputy Director U Soe Aung. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 4: The delegation returned. The Minister had called on Thai Minister for Home Affairs Maj-Gen. Sanan Kajornprasart, Minister for Energy Dr. Trairong Suwankari, and Minister at the Prime Minister's Office Dr. Savit Bhotiwihok. On Feb. 2, he and Dr. Trairong signed the contracts for the sale to Thailand of natural gas from the Yadana Offshore Gas Field, in the presence of Thai Prime Minister Mr. Chuan Leekpai, who then hosted a lunch. (NLM 2/5) Secretary-2 to Thailand Feb. 23: SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo and delegation left on a goodwill visit to Thailand. He is accompanied by SLORC Military Appointments General Lt-Gen. Maung Hla and 13 others. (NLM 2/24) // Feb. 26: They returned. In Thailand on Feb. 23, the Secretary-2 called on, and was given a dinner by, Thai Commander-in-Chief Gen. Wimol Wongwanich. The next day he visited Lopburi and Ratchaburi. On the 25th, he visited Pattaya by car, played golf at the Pattaya Golf Course, and spent the night. He returned to Bangkok Dec. 26, and continued back to Myanmar. (NLM 2/ 27) MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments The SLORC appointed the following, on probation: Feb. 8: Lt-Col Tin Kha (BC/10429), Ministry of Defence, to be Managing Director, News and Periodicals Enterprise, Ministry of Information. Dr. Kyaw Than, Pro-Rector, to be Rector, Institute of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture. (NLM 2/9) Appointments The SLORC has appointed: Feb. 8: U Than Maung, Managing Director, News and Periodicals Enterprise, to be Managing Director, Printing and Publishing Enterprise, Ministry of Information. (NLM 2/9) GOVERNMENT Legal Articles [Articles, mostly dealing with narcotics law, reviewing statutes and recent court cases.] Feb. 15: Legal trait of the term "abetment in transporting narcotic drugs for sale" expounded by the Supreme Court, by KMO. [Broad definition of conspiracy to transport marijuana given.] Union Day [Preparations for the Feb. 12 Union Day received extensive routine coverage. The Union Flag, which in the 1980s was ceremonially carried through all 14 States and Divisions, was this year carried through four Townships of Yangon Division. [Objectives of the 48th Anniversary of Union Day (1995) -- printed repeatedly: -- "All national peoples to patriotically uphold our three main national causes -- non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of the national solidarity and perpetuation of national sovereignty; -- "All national peoples to join hands with the Tatmadaw in endeavouring for the national reconciliation with a view to further strengthening national solidarity; -- "All national peoples to unite their forces in developing and modernizing the country and in bringing about peace and prosperity; -- "All national peoples to work in concert on the basis of the union spirit for emergence of a firm and durable Constitution." {Compare with text in the official Union Day Message, below}] Feb. 10: Extending greetings to delegates and cultural groups come to celebrate Union Day, SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt reiterated the theme of unity, as reflected in the 1947 Panglong Agreement between Myanmar national groups. He noted that this year's celebration "reveal a higher political essence" because of the presence of Union Solidarity and Development Association representatives from around the country. "In the reigns of Myanmar kings who considered national unity as an essential requirement, the country was peaceful and prosperous, and stood tall and firm as an affluent State, he said." He reviewed the colonial period, and colonial divide and rule tactics. "It is undeniable that their schemes made some sections of nationals to regard one's own race, language and culture so low and think highly of the language and culture of the alien, he pointed out." At the end of the colonial period, "all national leaders...pledged themselves to unity and signed the historic Panglong Agreement.... It was the end of century-old colonial rule and the Panglong Agreement is the crowning effect [sic] in Myanmar's national independence struggle, he said. To commemorate this momentous event, he said, the Union Day is held on 12 February every year...." The Union Flag arrived at Hmawby. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 12: SLORC Chairman Senior General and Madame Than Shwe hosted the Union Day reception and dinner, attended by Myanmar officials and others, and entertained by cultural troupes from different national races. The Union Flag was ceremonially raised at People's Square. The Union Flag was then "replanted" at Yangon City Hall, where it remains between celebrations. [extensive Union Day photos] (NLM 2/13; more photos 2/14) Union Day Message Feb. 12: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe's Message to 48th Anniversary Union Day Ceremony [full text]: Esteemed national brethren of the Union, The 12th February, 1995, is an auspicious occasion on which the 48th Anniversary of the Union Day falls. On this auspicious occasion, I would first of all like to wish the national brethren good health and happiness and for them to be able to strive for the Union to emerge as a peaceful and modern nation. Beginning 1824, the colonialists waged three aggressive wars on Myanmar and the entire country fell into servitude in 1885. With whatever weapons they could lay their hands on, the national brethren valiantly waged resistance battles against the colonialists everywhere, even in the forests and on the mountains. Anti-colonialist battles broke out not only on the Kachin, Chin and Shan mountain ranges but also on the Bago Yoma and all along the Ayeyarwady, Chindwin, Sittoung and Thanlwin rivers. Especially on 12th February, 1947, the national brethren signed the agreement of unity at Panglong as a manifestation of strength to the colonialists. At their wit's end, the colonialists granted Myanmar her independence. Despite independence thus given, they created conditions to cause divisions and trouble in post-independent Myanmar. Some members of the national brethren, swaying to their divisive temptations, took up arms and became party to internal strife and insurgency. Internal strife which is not yet dying out so far is still harassing residence in some far-flung areas. Due to the insurgency, the nationals suffered all kinds of hardship and misery, death and injury, their villages and homes put to the torch and their farms, roads, bridges, hospitals and schools destroyed. For the present, due to organization with pure goodwill and magnanimity in accordance with the national reconciliation policy laid down and adopted in all seriousness by the State Law and Order Restoration Council, altogether 13 armed groups have returned to the legal fold and are joining hands with the Tatmadaw on their all-out exertion of endeavours for the welfare of our Union, our national races and our regions. However, there still remain some groups which are still misled and continue to commit destructive acts under influence of aliens, turning a blind eye to the welfare of the State and the nationals. It is deplorable that the groups suppress their members' wish for making peace and are attempting to push them towards bloodbath. Since its advent, the State Law and Order Restoration Council has put the affairs of the national races in the fore. It has laid down Our Three Main National Causes as the national policy guideline which is to be unswervingly upheld and adhered to. In Our Three Main National Causes, non-disintegration of the Union is aimed at organizing the Union in form and essence in accordance with the eternal principles of worldly values such as justice, liberty and equality. Non-disintegration of national solidarity is directed towards unity, mutual love and respect and cooperation of the national brethren and perpetuation of sovereignty is referred to as the duty as important as life for all the national races of the Union who are to discharge even at the sacrifice of their lives. As the State Law and Order Restoration Council has laid down our Three Main National Causes as the national policy or national task, it has also interpreted their political meaning and essence in a variety of practical fields. Having services accomplished for the welfare of the national races, with everything viewed from the angle of national unity, the State Law and Order Restoration Council is striving for the emergence of an enduring Constitution essential for the State and, as such, the National Convention is most primary and vital. The National Convention is undertaking coordination and discussion systematically and patiently for the principles to be included in the Constitution to be correctly and properly obtained. At present, it to the knowledge of all that the State Law and Order Restoration Council is making endeavours as opportune giving priority to the development of border areas and national races. Hence, all the national races born of the Union are emphatically urged to seriously bear in mind the following four national objectives laid down for the 48th Anniversary Union Day 1995, and strive for practically enjoying fruits of success: -- All nationals to uphold with patriotic spirit Our Three Main National Causes--non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty, -- All nationals to join hands with the Tatmadaw in endeavours for national reconciliation directed towards national unity, -- All nationals to exert collective efforts for the nation to emerge prosperous, peaceful and modern, and -- All nationals to strive in oneness, based on Union Spirit, for emergence of an enduring Constitution. MILITARY Insurgent Attacks Feb. 21: Two villagers were killed and two injured when the KNU fired heavy weapons against Lay Kay Village, Belin Township, Mon State, on Feb. 4. (NLM 2/22) Surrenders by Armed Group Members Feb. 4: A member of the Muslim armed group surrendered at Myeik on Jan. 22 [name and details]. (NLM 2/4) Feb. 6: A member of the Loimaw drug trafficking group surrendered on Jan. 15 at Maukmai Camp. (NLM 2/7) Feb. 11: Two KNU armed group members surrendered on Jan. 14 and 27; six ABSDF armed group member surrendered [names and details]. (NLM 2/12) Feb. 15: A member of the KNU armed group surrendered Feb. 4 at Kyauktaga military camp [name and details]. (NLM 2/ 16) Feb. 17: Seven members of the ABSDF armed group surrendered in Myeik Township on Feb. 5 [names and details]. (NLM 2/18) Feb. 26: Twenty-five members of various armed groups returned to the legal fold at various Tatmadaw camps [apparently between Jan. 1-13] [names and details]. (NLM 2/27) Feb. 27: Between Jan. 13-21, 27 members of various armed groups returned to legal fold [names and details]. (NLM 2/28) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Feb. 2: Figures speak, by Aye Pe Thein (Shwekan). [Praise for 1993 Statistical Yearbook.] Feb. 14: The Aphyauk natural gas field, by Mawgyun Soe Myint. [It now supplies 75 million cubic feet of natural gas daily to the Yangon area, from 10 wells. It is hoped to be able to supply 100; 8 more wells will be sunk this season. Because the ground is soft, costs will be high. There are 502 permanent and 159 temporary staff at Aphyauk. Visit to the area.] Feb. 15-18: Border Areas and National Races Receive Priority in National Development, by Lt-Col. Thane Han, Secretary of the Work Committee for the Development of Border Areas and National Races. [(1) Development is being carried out in 16 regions of 5 States and 2 Divisions, totalling 49,996 square miles (19.1% of the country) with a population of 3.5 million (12%). 63, or 46% of the 135 racial groups recorded in Myanmar, live in these areas. [(2)-(4) Statistics on progress in various sectors.] Feb. 17: For further strengthening of Myanmar-India trade relations, by T. Htut. [Indian Trade Exhibition opening Feb. 17. Trade with India has risen from Rs 890 million in 1989-90 to Rs 4,430 million in 1993-94; Indian exports to Myanmar have risen from Rs. 13 million in 1989-90 to Rs. 650 million, while Myanmar exports to India have risen from Rs 880 million in 1989-90 to Rs 3,780 million in 1993-94.] Feb. 28: Eventually all the rivers in Myanmar will be spanned by bridges, by Maung Maung Aye. [Review of bridge projects.] Inauguration of Projects Feb. 8: A 360-ton rice polishing mill of the Myanma Agriculture Produce Trading Ahlon Township [Yangon] was commissioned by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi, in the presence of SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo and other officials. Installation was supervised by the Connell Wagner Pte. Ltd. of Australia, and the project was jointly implemented by engineers from MAPT and the RES Co. of Thailand. Each of the mill's three sections can polish 120 tons of rice per day. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 12: The triple-decker riverboat Pyithaya was transferred to Kayin State, in honor of Union Day, in a ceremony addressed by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 2/13) Feb. 19: Town Halls in Dagon Myothit (South) and Dagon Myothit (North) Townships, costing K 18.5 million each, were inaugurated by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. \\ The 100-room Shopping Center of the 11-storey FMI Centre near the Bogyoke Aung San Market was opened. The whole 300-million kyat building will be completed in June. [also half-page ad from well-wishers] (NLM 2/20) Feb. 25: The K 4.6 million Zawgyi Bridge, and the K 2.6 million Zeetaw Bridge, in Mandalay Division, were inaugurated. (NLM 2/26) Advertisements ========================================== Feb. 12: Full page advertisement from Myanmar Airways International, hailing Union Day "From Your National Airline." (NLM 2/12) ========================================== THE BEST PLACE THE ONLY 'CLASSIC BUNGALOW' HOTEL IN YANGON GRAND OPENING - UNION DAY 12 FEBRUARY 1995 MYA YEIK NYO ROYAL HOTEL set on 20 acres of beautifully landscaped gardens is located 10 minutes drive from Yangon City centre and 20 minutes from airport. Mayor's Mansion [photo of traditional teak building] Mayor's Guest House [another] Mayor's Garden House [another] Royal Suites and Mayor suites, Restaurant, Lounges, Recreation facilities 30% discount till 31 March Mayor's suite [photo of bedroom] Lobby [photo] MEETING AND BANQUET FACILITIES - Function rooms for meeting and private banquets for up to 50 persons, lawn parties up to 1,000 persons for cocktail reception or 700 for banquet. OTHER FACILITIES AND SERVICES - Complimentary breakfast and fruit tray, mini bar, IDD, satellite TV, 24-hour service, coffee/tea making facilities, express laundry and valet service, shopping arcade, unisex hair and beauty salon, doctor on call 24 hours. RECREATION FACILITIES - Two swimming pools in landscaped gardens, jacuzzi, steam bath, golf driving range, two tennis courts, children's playground, billiard room, social club. For reservations dial 38310-38319 or Fax 095-01-38318 (half-page advertisement NLM 2/12) ========================================== LIMELIGHT THE FUN PUB VALENTINES'S DINNER PARTY 14th, FEBRUARY 1995, 7.00PM Set Dinner with Entree, Main Meal, Dessert, House Wine & Roses For Your Valentine. Dinner Price Per Couple Ks 2,000/- Non-Dinner Ks.500/- per Person with 1 Drink (Launched by CHIT KAUNG) Tel: 95-1/36757, 36705, 35506 37, Shwe-Taung-Gyar, Bahan Township, Yangon. (NLM 2/13) ========================================== Welcome to Our Hospitality and Taste POLE STAR MYANMAR RESTAURANT >> Myanmar breakfast, lunch and dinner are available from 6:30 A.M. to 9:30 P.M. >> Once visited, our Myanmar foods can never be forgotten. >> Advance booking for 5 persons and up is accepted. >> Orders from Hotels, Inns, Motels and Guest Houses are also accepted for package tours by our own transport. >> A warm and hearty welcome to one and all. Come and taste our dishes of Myanmar style. No. 81 Lanthitlan Lanmadaw Township Yangon. Tel: 22095 (NLM 2/19) ========================================== Feb. 23,28: Full page advertisement for Sony Trinitron TV sets. (NLM 2/23, 2/28) ========================================== 333 STORE for classic Buttons, Stationery & Album No.9, 1st Floor, FMI Shopping Centre (NLM 2/24) ========================================== Rediscover New World Inya Lake Hotel FROM YANGON 62866 DIRECT TO THE WORLD We are proud to introduce our new International Direct Dialing (IDD) service for our guests with effect from March 1st, 1995. This service is part of the ongoing project in the New World Lake Hotel {sic}. Come to Rediscover the New World Inya Lake Hotel NEW WORLD HOTELS INTERNATIONAL Beijing Guangzhou Hongkong Macau Manila Yangon Ho Chi Minh City Xian (NLM 2/28) ========================================== International Business Projects Feb. 14: The Asahi Yoko Super Express Bus service was inaugurated between Yangon and Mandalay, by President Mr. Nobuo Yukawa of Japan Asahi Yoko Co. Ltd. and President U Zeya Ko Ko of Myanmar Asayi Yoko Co. Ltd. The buses will leave Yangon at 5.30 pm daily, and arrive in Mandalay at 8 am the next day; fare is K 1,000 and dinner is served at the Shwe-U-Min Restaurant in Bago. Stops include Toungoo and Meiktila. (NLM 2/15) Feb. 14: A demonstration of Taugres ceramic tiles of Spain, jointly sponsored by the Inspection and Agency Services and Nan Aung Trading, was held. (NLM 2/ 15) Feb. 14: The KMD Computer Centre II was opened, with the inauguration of NCC Diploma Course No. at 55-57 Seikkantha Street, in the presence of NCC in-charge in Asia Mr. Tony Wong, and of Prof. Mr. Rich C. Hoo of Washington University, who is teaching computer courses such as unix system and unix programming. Also present was Managing Director U Thaung Tin of KMD Co. Ltd. and British Cultural Attache Mr. Chris Harrison. (NLM 2/15) Feb. 15: Gillette Co. Ltd. and the East Asiatic Co. Ltd. (Yangon Branch) demonstrated Oral-B dental products, including Oral-B tooth paste, tooth brush, and tooth pick, and Gillette blade and shaver. Present were East Asiatic's Country Manager U Peter Moe Kyaw, Regional General Manager Mr. William Yeoh, and Mr. Wichai Lo. (NLM 2/16) Feb. 15: A Memorandum of Understanding was signed "for joint manufacturing of corrugated iron sheets and related materials," between Marubeni Corp. of Japan and Singapore, represented by Director Mr. Ichiro Komatsu, the Chandaria Group of Singapore, represented by President Mr. Praful Chandaria, and Dagon International Ltd. of Myanmar, represented by Managing Director U Win Aung. A second Memorandum of Understanding "on production of beverages" was signed between Marubeni Corporation (Food Division) represented by General Manager Mr. Shingu Itida and L.P. Spring Water Ice Co. Ltd. of Myanmar, represented by Managing Director U Thant Zin Tun. (NLM 2/16) Feb. 24: Insight Myanmar Tourism Co. Ltd. was inaugurated at 85/87 Theinbyu Road, Yangon, with a speech by Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. Present was Managing Director Mr. Armin Schoch, a career official of Diethelm Travel. The Minister said that licences have been issued to 255 private tourism services, including 10 in border areas; 105 hotels; 94 guest houses; and 599 tourist guides since the 1990 Myanmar Hotels and Tourism Law was adopted. (NLM 2/25) Business Courses Feb. 1: Seminar on Business Education No. 23 opened at the Ministry of Trade, with a lecture by Chairman U Tin Win (Shwenaga Tin Win) of the San San Industrial Cooperative Society Ltd. on "Steps Towards Prosperity." Tekkatho Tin Maung Htwe (Natyekan) will lecture on "Industrial and Economic Development, the Basic Requirements for the Country at the next Seminar, beginning Feb. 8. (NLM 2/2) Feb. 2: Course No. 1 on Export and Import Procedures of the Ministry of Trade concluded. (NLM 2/3) Feb. 8: Mr. Tony Wong, International Regional Manager of NCC, the United Kingdom, will talk Feb. 11 on the NCC Higher Diploma Course and Information Technology (IT) Courses being conducted at the Institute of Computer Science and Technology, MCC, and KMD computer centres. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 15: Seminar on Business Education 25 was held, with Writer Chit San Win lecturing on Development of a Nation and Economic Ethics. (NLM 2/16) Feb. 19: Seminar on Business Education 26 will be held, with Accountant U Hla Tun, Honorary Netherlands Consul-General, speaking on "Stocks and Shares -- Legal and Commercial Aspects and their Influence on the Global Economy." (NLM 2/20) // Feb. 22: The lecture was given. (NLM 2/23) Feb. 27: Seminar on Business Education 27 will be held Mar. 8, instead of Mar. 1, with Dr. Myo Thant lecturing on "Requirements for Starting Private Manufacturing Enterprises." (NLM 2/28) Government Cooperatives Jan. 31: Over 300 Government Employee Cooperatives and Education Employee Cooperatives, with nearly one million participants, have been formed. Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung "revealed that national level societies will be formed when conditions become favourable and urged officials to lay down progressive plans. Existing societies under the previous Cooperatives Law were reorganized in accord with the new law enacted in 1992, new societies have been formed in line with the new law, and GECs and EECs have been formed under the guidance of the State...." Tourism Feb. 3: Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba spoke at the conclusion of Tourism Guide Course No. 3. "With regard to tourism promotion, Myanmar has cooperated with MacCom Advertising of Singapore and Magic Production Co. of Thailand in advertising Myanmar's tourist industry abroad.... The minister revealed that over 1,500 guides will be needed in 1996, saying the ministry has already issued licences to 599 persons including 131 who had concluded the present course. Trainee admission will be extended to about 150 in future courses, he added." (NLM 2/4) Feb. 9: 106 tourists, 101 of them American, arrived on two charter flights, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History. New Horizons Travel and Tours Ltd. arranged the flights. (NLM 2/10) Feb. 12: The tourists departed, after visiting Yangon and Bagan. (NLM 2/13) Feb. 22: The cruiseliner ms Song of Flower with 162 tourists is expected to arrive Feb. 23. They will visit Yangon, and depart by air. 150 more tourists will arrive by air Feb. 24, and visit Yangon, departing on the cruiseliner Feb. 25. The visit is sponsored by Radisson Seven Seas cruiseliner company of the US. (NLM 2/23) // Feb. 23: The ship arrived; among the tourists, 145 are American and 17 German. They visited tourist sights in Yangon. (NLM 2/24) // Feb. 24: The tourists visited the Gems Emporium before leaving by air. The second group of 150 tourists arrived by air from Bangkok, and visited sights in Yangon. (NLM 2/25) // Feb. 25: the ms Song of Flower left with 164 tourists. (NLM 2/26) Gems Feb. 4: Opening the Golden Land Jewellery and Gems Shop at the Summit Parkview Hotel, the second private gems shop, Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min said that the Panglong Yadana Gems Market will open soon on Yangon, with 15% government and 85% private participation. "He disclosed that plans are under way for enabling large-scale participation of the private sector in the ministry's enterprises in fiscal 1995-96, saying require assistance will be provided to local gem merchants and introduction of foreign entrepreneurs will be considered on the amount of capital they will invest here and availability of technology. The Government is striving to establish and international gems market in Yangon, said the minister...." (NLM 2/5) Feb. 17: The Myanma Nawarat Jewellery, Jade and Central Trading Coop opened it showroom at 211 Shwebontha Street, Pabedan Township [Yangon]. It sells jade, gems, and jewellery, and will issue "warranty cards recognized by international gem experts to foreigner customers." (NLM 2/18) Banking Feb. 9: General Manager Mr. JS. Rankin opened a Representative Office of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. of Hong Kong, at the International Business Centre on Pyay Road. The ceremonies, at the Strand Hotel, were addressed by Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin, who said: "At present, fourteen domestic banks are in operation, out of which four are conducting foreign banking business.... Many of them are going to open branches not only in Yangon but also in big cities of other regions. Some of them are introducing new types of financial activities such as issuance of credit card in local currency, hire purchase and introduction of ATM machines.... Private banking...is growing very fast with total deposits of about 4.6 billion kyats and total lending of about 3.2 billion kyats at the end of November, last year. At the same time, twenty-one foreign banks...have already been allowed to open Representative Offices in Myanmar...." (NLM 2/10) Feb. 23: the Myanmar Universal Bank Ltd. opened its office at 81 Theinbyu Street, Botataung Township, Yangon, in the presence of Chairman Mr. Steven Sein Tun and Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. The bank has a capital of K 900 million and "undertakes to provide banking services to the full satisfaction of the people." [2 pages of welcoming ads.] (NLM 2/24) Indian Trade Exhibition Feb. 11: Advertisement: TAPA TOP SOURCING OPTION at INDIAN TRADE EXHIBITION TATMADAW HALL, YANGON February 17-25, 1995 AND ENSURE A FREE FLOW OF PRODUCTS, TECHNOLOGIES, SERVICES. Display Profile: * Automobiles and auto parts, bicycles and spares * Electronic items, engineering goods and machinery * Agro equipment, machinery and chemicals * Electrical goods and home appliances * Industrial goods, tools and machinery * Medical and hospital equipment, dental goods * Pumps and motors * Iron and steel items * Drugs, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. * Dyes and paints * Plastic, rubber and leather products * Processed foods and beverages * Textiles and consumer products * Cosmetics, toiletries and many other items selected especially for the Myanmar market. Organizers: India Trade Promotion Organization Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India (NLM 2/11) Feb. 16: Full page advertisement on Myanmar-Indian trade relations, with pictures of Indian Commerce Minister P. Chidambaram and Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. Full page of ads welcoming the Trade Exhibition. (NLM 2/16) Feb. 17: Full page ad from Goengkas' Bandoola Group ("In the tradition of Indo-Myanmar Trade since 1877"), hailing the Indian Trade Exposition and the visit of Indian Commerce Minister Shri P. Chidambaram and the Indian (Manipuri) dance troupe. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 17: Indian Minister of Commerce Mr. Shri P. Chidambaram and party arrived, and was met by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. The 16-member Manipuri Dance Troupe led by Ms. Abemubi Devi also arrived, and was welcomed by officials and Indian Embassy Cultural and Information Counsellor Mr. I.K. Govind. The Indian Trade Exhibition opened at Tatmadaw Hall. It will be open "specially to entrepreneurs" on Feb. 17-18, and to the public on Feb. 19-25. "The exhibition mainly focuses on displaying suitable items for Myanmars, such as electronic and household goods, machinery, vehicles, medicines, medical equipment, pumps, chemicals, foodstuff, leatherware, textile and clothing, farm machinery, paints and beverages." An inaugural address was given by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. The Indian Commerce Minister responded. Chairman of the Exhibition Mr. Shri Mahesh Prasad also spoke. (NLM 2/18) Feb. 18: Editorial: For closer ties. [Hailing the Indian Trade Exhibition, and the visit of Indian Minister of Commerce Mr. P. Chidambaram.] Feb. 18: Minister of Commerce P. Chidambaram called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, and on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. Managing Director U Maung Shwe of Bandoola International Ltd. hosted a lunch for the Minister. The Manipuri Dance Troupe called on Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw. Indian businessmen lead by the Commerce Minister met with members of the Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry. (NLM 2/19) Feb. 19: The Indian Minister of Commerce returned home. The Manipuri Dance Troupe performed at the National Theatre. (NLM 2/20) Feb. 20: The Manipuri Dance Troupe led by Mr. Prakash Singh [sic--a different leader mentioned on Feb. 16] visited Myanma TV and Radio Department. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 23: Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay visited the Exhibition. (NLM 2/24) Feb. 24: Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw hosted a dinner for the Manipuri Dance Troupe, led by Mr. Prakash Singh. (NLM 2/25) Feb. 26: The Manipuri Dance Troupe departed. (NLM 2/27) Agriculture Feb. 13: Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung announced that, thanks to a bumper harvest, Myanmar would export 1,000,000 tons of rice this year. (NLM 2/14) Feb. 15: Speaking in the Philippines, Prabha Pingali, a scientist with the International Rice Research Institute, said that under GATT, by 2005 Asia will be importing an additional 10 million tons of rice, half of which will be supplied by Myanmar and Cambodia. In the short run this will benefit short-grained rice from China, but later China will have to import from its neighbours. Currently Asia imports 14 million tons a year, mostly from other Asian countries. (NLM 2/16) Industry Feb. 15: Land at the Hlaingthayar Industrial Zone went on sale at the Human Settlement and Housing Development Department Office. 99 industrialists purchased lots totalling 165 acres, for over 742 million kyats on this, the first day of the land sale. (NLM 2/16) Exports Feb. 15: 6,000 tons of copper concentrate powder, produced by Copper Project No. 1, destined for Niihama, Japan, were loaded on the mv Bago beginning Feb. 13. Loading will continue until Feb. 20. Women Entrepreneurs Group Feb. 19: The Myanmar Women Entrepreneurs Association was formed, attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt and other officials, who spoke on the role of women in Myanmar. "He said despite equal rights granted to women for years in Myanmar, they have usually kept themselves behind in their submissiveness to menfolk in keeping with Buddhist customs and Myanma cultural traditions. Since Myanmar social structures took root, women have confined themselves to house keeping as gentle and dainty manner is expected of them as taught in the religion and in accord with Myanma traditions, he said.... [International] demands made for women are found to be rights already enjoyed by Myanmar women, he said, speaking of a great number of Myanmar women serving in authoritative and decision-making positions. Under Myanmar's market-oriented system, not only men but also women are entitled to rights for striving for national economic development, he said.... He advised them to be mindful of Myanma cultural, social and religious traditions in conformity with which fine points are to be taken in their emulation of development of other nations .... The Secretary-1 expressed belief that the newly formed association, joining hands with other women's associations, would greatly contribute towards protecting Myanmar women...." "Chairperson Daw Sein Sein extended greetings and a dinner was served." The association has five objectives: to obtain international recognition of Myanmar women's "economic chapter and forces,"; to promote mutual contact, assistance, and cooperation between Myanmar women entrepreneurs; to promote advanced management techniques; to upgrade the social and economic life of Myanmar women; and to promote economic undertakings and contacts. (NLM 2/20) Transportation Feb. 20: 43 buses arrived on the mv Mawlamyaing. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 22: Myanmar Airways International inaugurated service to Dhaka. MAI carries about 9-10,000 passengers a month on all its routes. Managing Director Mr. F.F. Wong met with the press. (NLM 2/23) Feb. 24: Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein inspected 10 brake vans and 10 coaches imported from China. (NLM 2/ 25) Myanma Trade Fair Feb. 24: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe previewed Myanmar Trade Fair '95 at Myanmar Department Stores on Shwedagon Pagoda Road. 76 entrepreneurs will display products at 105 booths, plus 27 booths of coop syndicates, 23 booths of local and foreign joint ventures, 16 booths of State-owned enterprises from four ministries, and 126 booths of 100 foreign companies. [two pages of advertisements hailing the Trade Fair] (NLM 2/25) Feb. 25: The Fair was opened by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. He said the Fair had four objectives: (i) to promote foreign trade; (ii) to encourage exports of value-added products; (iii) to develop local manufacturing with the aim to substitute imports and; (iv) to induce foreign investment for mutual benefit. The Fair will last until March 3. [four page special advertising supplement hailing the Fair] (NLM 2/26) Feb. 26: The second day featured opening of a fashion parade of Myanmar-made textiles; admission K 50 per child and K 100 per adult. (NLM 2/27) Feb. 27: The Trade Fair continued. (NLM 2/28) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: YA KA CY 1987 97.01 100.98 95.43 1988 99.17 100.00 107.76 1989 96.22 100.59 102.76 1990 118.35 109.92 122.84 1991 91.81 83.78 96.65 1992 81.34 96.02 95.98 1993 82.64 111.18 95.12 1994 120.16 120.94 117.36 1995 as of: February 28: 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPORTS Foreign Teams and Sponsors Feb. 24: A Chinese football team will play friendly matches in Yangon (Mar. 9 and 11), and Mandalay (Mar. 13). (NLM 2/ 25) Hole-in-one Feb. 26: U Aye Tun aced on the 11th hole of the Yangon Golf Course. (NLM 2/27) HEALTH Iodized Salt Jan. 31: Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min said "officials and entrepreneurs should harmoniously strive for surplus production and for stability of salt prices. Goitre, caused by iodine deficiency, is occurring not only on hill regions but also in the plains, he said, adding, it can harm mental as well as physical development of a patient. The best way to prevent goitre is to consume iodized salt, adding the Myanma Salt and Marine Chemical Enterprise in collaboration with the Ministry of Health is expediting to produce and distribute iodized salt...." AIDS Feb. 6: Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt addressed the opening ceremony of the Worksite Anti-HIV/AIDS Instructor Course. The present course is the result of a workshop conducted on Oct. 11, 1994, attended by representatives of 11 agencies. The Minister, after reviewing AIDS around the world, said educational measures are planned in and out of school. He "then cited special nature of certain departments employees of which [sic] have been assigned in areas away from their families. Under such circumstances, he said, they might have taken a wrong step which could endanger the entire life. That is why the course is being organized for the youths at the worksite...." (NLM 2/7) Feb. 26: Director Dr. Aye Kyu of the Health Department, and three aides, "carried out AIDS control campaign in Kawthoung from 17 to 24 February. They met local officials and health organizations, gave lectures, and attended a billboard raising ceremony "and carried out campaign on prevention of the killer disease distributing educative stickers and prophylactics." (NLM 2/27) CULTURAL Cultural and Scientific Articles Feb. 19,26: The Monkey Kingdom, by Colonel Hla Aung (Rtd). [(1) Introduction. (2) Hamadryads or Sacred Baboons.] Publications Feb. 16: Copies of the Yangon Directory and the Mandalay Directory were given to the Ministry of Trade. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 23: Journalist Chit San Win has published a book in Myanmar, Korea or the Nine-foot Tiger on the Han River, based on his trip to the Republic of Korea in June-July 1994. "Lavishly illustrated, the book carries history, politics, economics, the art and culture, life and life-styles of the Koreans, non excluding the controversial comfort women. It informs enlightening insight." (NLM 2/23) Universities Feb. 11: The Institute of Economics (Yangon) held its 28th Convocation, with Rector U Myat Thein conferring DEP, DS, BCom(Hons), and BCom degrees on 753 graduates. (NLM 2/12) Feb. 23: SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe addressed the final year students of Course No. 26 of the University for Development of National Races, stressing the Government's emphasis on development of border areas and equality for all national races. In closing, he noted that "It is regarded that food, clothing and shelter needs are the most basic human rights for mankind to survive. It can be said that once the basic human rights of the people are met there is no difficulty to fulfil other human rights." Representatives of the students--a Pwo Kayin from Mawlamyine and a Wa from Tanyang--expressed their appreciation. In the evening, the Senior General hosted a dinner for the students. (NLM 2/24) Feb. 27: The State Pariyatti Sasana Tekkatho (Mandalay) held its 22nd Convocation, with degree certificates presented to 139 monks and lay persons. (NLM 2/28) Religious Groups & Activities Feb. 15: A ceremony was held to lay the foundation stones of the Tooth Relic Pagoda on Dhammapala Hill in Mayangon. SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe donated a gold casket of jewellery, an inscribed bronze plaque, and a gold brick. (NLM 2/16) Marine National Park Feb. 3: Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe inspected Lampi Island at Kawthoung, Tanintharyi, on Jan. 31. The Forest Department has proposed creating the Marine National Park there. "The island is 30 miles by 65 miles. It has mountain ranges of 1,500 feet in average, beautiful beaches, intact wildlife, coral reefs and clear waters in which dolphins and colourful fishes frequent." He said "this ecotourism project will contribute toward conservation of forests and marine resources. He also noted that foreign companies will be interested in the project and it is to be implemented in joint venture." On Feb. 1, in Myeik Port, he discussed conservation of "edible nests of swiftlets." He also "inspected Kaleintaung forest area and the routes selected for laying gas pipeline from Yadana Offshore Gas Field of Total Myanmar Co. Ltd." (NLM 2/4) Role of Women Feb. 6: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt met members of the national committee for the Fourth World Women's Conference [to be held in China], chaired by Deputy Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement U Win Naing. The Secretary-1 "noted the World Women's Conferences are organized with the aim of enabling women to enjoy equal status and rights with men. As women in Myanmar have been enjoying their full rights, no special arrangements will be necessary for the purpose, he said. Myanmar women, he underscored, have been enjoying equal rights since the beginning of civilization thousands of years ago. With the development of civilization, the role of women has also enhanced. In accordance with Myanma cultural traditions handed down since the time of our ancestors, Myanmar women are under no restrictions, enjoying equal status and equal rights, he said. Even at present, he said, Myanmar women are enjoying equal rights with men in political, economic, administrative, judicial and social aspects. There are many instances in which Myanmar women are assigned duties in the leading administrative positions, he pointed out. He went on to say that Myanmar women get social and legal protection. He called for preparations to ensure that such existing conditions of Myanmar women are vividly presented with firm evidence." (NLM 2/7) Feb. 8: Editorial. Women here enjoy equal rights. [Secretary's words reiterated. "Myanmar women are fully enjoying equal rights at present and it will hardly be necessary to make special arrangements to see that they get their equal rights with men."] Bullock-cart Races Feb. 9: The Fourth Myanma Traditional Bullock-cart Race and Cattle Show began at the Sinbyukan Sports Ground in Mandalay, attended by Vice-Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Maung Aye, SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, and many other officials. It has the following six objectives: -- "to bring about perpetuation of Myanma traditional culture; -- "to forge unity and amity between peasants and workers; -- "to strengthen patriotic fervour and spirit of nationalism; -- "to boos production by promoting the quality of Myanma traditional bullockcarts and cows; -- "to better convince the people of the value of carts and cattle; and -- "to enable the people to appreciate the role of Myanma bullock-carts and cows in successive eras." 1,100 head of cattle are entered in 13 events, and heats began on Feb. 1. The opening festivities included a parade with 1,500 USDA members and students, 1,000 dancers in nationalities costumes, 1,000 dancers for scarf, pompon and hoop dances, and a "120-strong parade of King Mindon's infantrymen on their march to occupy the town of Yadanabon." (NLM 2/10) Feb. 11: The Show continued, with "36 races of bull and bullock-cart riding and racing events." (NLM 2/12) Feb. 13: Semifinals and finals were held. (NLM 2/14) Amusement Park Opens Feb. 12: The Myanmar Garden of Human Harmony Amusement Park, of the W & T International Ltd., opened at the corner of Ahlon Road and Lower Kyimyindine Road, attended by SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo and Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. "The rates are K 50 for 5 minutes ride in bumper car, K 100 for three rounds in space car, K 50 for two rounds in merry train, K 25 for three rounds in mini train, K 25 for three minutes ride in pony-go-round, K 25 per coin for laser shooting, K 25 for three minutes ride in battery car, K 100 per TV game and K 100 per hour of body beauty exercise." (NLM 2/13) Writer Sayagyi U Thu Kha Honored Feb. 19: Movie director and writer Sayagyi U Thu Kha, and the cast of the teleplay Rahanmasar yathaw soontanat (Sila Visuddhi) were honored at the Myanmar Television and Radio Department. The speaker was SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt: "From time to time, literary, thabin, music and film artistes are exhorted to promote and uphold Myanma cultural heritage and to live up to the norms of genuine Myanma culture in the mode of dress and manner, he said. while preventing erratic features of performing arts which may mislead the youth, the State is also encouraging the artistes who render their service in the interest of the public, he said. Some of the school curriculums are amended in keeping with the aim to enable the youths to be always in touch with Myanma traditions, and Buddhist culture courses are opened all over the country to enable the youths to conform to the concepts of Theravada Buddhism, he said." He said that U Thu Kha had written over 100 novels, 200 short stories, directed 33 films, received the Academy Award six times, the Alinka Kyawswa title and the Pakokku U Ohn Pe Literary Prize for his devotion in his lifetime. "His works are filled with both worldly and moral values and known to be the guiding light in public education, the Secretary-1 said." He and Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant presented gifts to various artistes. "On behalf of the artistes, Sayagyi U Thu Kha thanked the authorities." (NLM 2/20) Cultural Policy Feb. 23: The Ministers for Culture, Information, and Religious Affairs addressed "thabin, music, movie and video artistes, leaders of modern music bands, owners of karaoke clubs" at City Hall. Minister for Culture Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw defined Myanmar culture: "He briefly explained that Myanmar possessed a grand culture, which originated from the Paleolithic age and flourished in the reign of monarchs. He defined culture as concepts, beliefs, arts, morals, precepts, rules, customs and connotation of the way of life, saying that it can roughly be divided into four branches--language and literature, traditions and customs, arts and science, and, speech and handicraft.... "He stressed the need to continue preserving mode of dress in cultural style, for there is probably one nation in the world that maintains traditional mode of dresses [sic]. He warned that Myanmar culture can be tainted because of those who do not know to preserve their own culture. In conclusion, the minister told the artistes to always keep in mind that if culture is lost, the race will be lost, urging them to preserve cultural heritage." Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant discussed video features: "He said he would explain the points in connection with policies for scrutinizing movies and video films. They are -- political, religious, national solidarity, preservation of national culture, good moral character, crime prevention, free of sexuality, free of pornography and children's cause. "He said it is seen that the actions, manners of dress of actors and actresses in movies and video features are being imitated. In order that the people may not imitate what is wrong, the mode of dress, manners, behaviour and action and speech which are not found in the country and which are not fit for the country should be avoided, he said. "He said he would explain about video production.... Video shows have reached even the most remote parts of the country. Then again, video features can be produced in four or five days whereas it takes months...to produce a single movie. Such [video??] movies are fully accepted by the public and they are so good that people want to see it again and again. "In producing videos its story is the main factor and it is necessary for them to be in accord with Myanma culture, customs and trend, he said. The actions, manner of speech and behaviour and mode of dress are also to be in Myanmar fashion and style. There are also many video films with Myanmar forests and natural surroundings scenes and in which villains wearing coats are often seen as though there really exist such persons there, for instance Maymyo, Taunggyi, he said. "He pointed out that some Myanmar video features are found to be below standard and not in conformity with the prescribed rules and regulations. As some of the video films are produced without scrutinizing the script they are found to be below standard and inferior quality, he said. "This he said is being mentioned because such videos have reached all parts of the country and they include acting which is not proper and which the people should not get wrong and imitate them. The Minister quoted from Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt's Jan. 23 speech complaining about artistes wearing "outlandish dresses." "The minister spoke of the need for all to help in curbing such kinds of dresses by younger people who imitate those found in foreign films, video tapes and music shows. If such imitations continue purposely or unknowingly unchecked, then alien culture will surely influence own culture and will gradually swallow up the race, he warned. He said the artistes must always heed to this warning, he said." Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt discussed clubs and music: "The State leaders, he said, keep reminding of the growing tendency towards breaking away from accepted standards of Myanma culture, but hoteliers, inn-keepers and owners of karaoke clubs ignored such warnings. At the meetings, they pledged to uphold the standards of Myanma culture in running their businesses but in practice, they did not keep their promise and act according to the imperialist's wishes, the minister commented. "Though thabin, music, movie and video artistes, hoteliers, inn-keepers and karaoke club owners are warned against the dangers of the imperialists, he said, some of them, convincingly or unconvincingly, run their businesses in accord with the motto 'Money matters most' and are spreading whispering campaign under guises of friendship or through name-droppings enticing others to do what borders on indecency. "The minister pointed out that such disturbances can be found even in the funerals. "He spoke of the crucial role of composers to produce songs and music closest to genuine Myanma melody and tune. He noted that foreigners to be visiting Myanmar in Visit Myanmar Year 1996 will likely be more interested in classical and folk songs. He emphasized that a scrutiny board must be formed to register songs and check their notes and the need for Music Asiayone to lay down rules for presenting honorariums to the original composers for their old songs sung again by modern singers. "Regarding mode of dress, he firmly stated that mode of dresses in some modern stage-shows, restaurants, hotels, motels, inns and karaoke clubs are contrary to Myanmar culture and these styles can never be accepted by any means. "In conclusion, [he] stressed law enforcement measures and effective legal action to be taken against them in respective townships and districts so as to prevent them from going too far. "Documentary photos and films on depraved morality were shown to the guests." (NLM 2/24) Feb. 26: Editorial: Don't go too far. ["Perhaps, artistes have forgotten that they are in a position to effectively mould thinking and ideas of the public. It is advisable that the artistes should regard themselves as persons who possess high intellectual standards and should not fall prey to persons adopting money-matters-most attitude. The are being told they cannot go too far. That, they must realize." Dress Code for Performers Feb. 24: Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt "specified a number of conditions to be followed in stage, movie and video dressing," at the meeting with artistes at City Hall on Feb. 23 [reported above]: "According to the minister's clarification, there are ten conditions -- five each for men and women artistes, when making professional appearances: Men artistes "Men artistes may wear their hair long enough to touch the nape and are not allowed to wear it hanging on the chest or back; "They are not allowed to wear earrings or eardrops and round patches of thanatkha or makeup on their cheeks; "They may wear clean and neat sports shirts, long- or short-sleeved shirts in colours, printed in floral designs or batik and coats, Myanmar jackets and jerkins and are not allowed to wear cotton, jeans and leather shirts which are shabby, ragged, dirty and improper and frayed on the fringes; "They may wear formal Western dress and are not allowed to wear jeans, gaudy, floral-designed and close-fitting pants; and, "Except magnet bracelets manufactured for health, they are not allowed to wear gold, silver and bronze bracelets, studded with gems and with irregular surface, and leather strips on the arms and hands." Women artistes "Women artistes may wear their hair long or short, neatly done and in a puff and they are not allowed to wear their hair in small braids without being oiled as in the Western style, iron, plastic, gold and silver rings on the ears and the nose. They may wear jewelled chains or necklace but are not allowed to wear chains hanging with big coins bearing inappropriate symbols; "They may wear kinds of sleeveless, long- or short-sleeved women's apparel that cover properly in lace or printed in colours and men's shirts in batik, single colour, printed in floral designs and in stripes and blocks. They may also wear bulging or pleated sleeves but are not allowed to wear low-cut, bulging necklines that reveals indecently. "They may wear htami (nether dress) in colours or printed in floral patterns, gold and silver belts and scarves round their waist and are not allowed to wear belts with big buckles or heads used by boxers and skirts and gowns split in sides, back and front. They are allowed to wear the htami with its bottom line six inches from the ankle. "They may wear long pants as formally worn by men and are not allowed to wear gaudy and close-fitting pants. Should there be five to ten women artistes at a reception or entertainment, only one or two are allowed to wear such pants. "Artistes at hotels, motels, inns, restaurants and karaoke clubs are also subject to above designations in dress. They are not allowed to sing at off-stage meal tables, sit on the lap of customers, feed customers with their hands and suck soft drinks, beer or liquor with pipes from a single cup, head-on with a customer. "As these are indecent acts at karaoke clubs and trade in humans, severe action will be taken against offenders. Opening of karaoke clubs will not be allowed, and the Division Law and Order Restoration Council will also scrutinize applications of present karaoke clubs. "As rowdy acts such as destroying buildings and singing atop chairs are found at stage shows, permission will be allowed for holding them only when the organizer signs pledge to provide pleasure to spectators and not to allow rowdiness.... "Those present signed their knowledge and adherence to the conditions...." (NLM 2/25) MISCELLANEOUS Sunday and Holiday Supplements Feb. 5,12,19,26: Text of "Our Three Main National Causes. List of Special Projects (6 bridges and 12 dams). Further List of Special Projects (11). For texts see January issue. Feb. 5,19: Towards a modern nation through all-round development, by Warazein. [Cont. (28-29) Endeavours of the Ministry of Mines. (ii) Gems enhancement: using a 2000 degree centigrade "Lakmini" furnace bought from Sri Lanka. 37,267 carats of rubies treated. No. 1 Mining Enterprise. Namtu, Yadanu, Theingi and Bawsaing Mines: lead (5407 metric tons produced, 4094 tons exported); zinc (8610; 10,771); copper matte (119; 330); nickel speiss (356; 734); antimony (151; nil); silver (422 oz; 429 oz); gold (31.5 oz; nil). No. 1 Copper Mine (Hsalingyi Township, Sagaing): copper (65.956 {sic}; 66,215). No. 2 Mining Enterprise. Special Metal-2 gold production, Kyaukpahtoe, Kawlin Township. 1667 troy oz. refined gold produced May 1993-March 31, 1994. CIP (carbon in pulp) process; 1363 troy oz. refined gold produced May 1993-March 31, 1994. Joint Ventures: With Shweli Mining Corp. of Yunnan (30-60), exploring tin mining. With local entrepreneurs in lead-tungsten and gold. Special gem (diamond) production, Theindaw area, Tanintharyi Township. 630 carats of diamonds obtained. No. 3 Mining Enterprise. Produces 150,000 tons per year of iron, steel, coal, barites, gypsum, limestone, chromites, antimony and other metals. [(iii) Coal and barite exports. Myanma Pearls Enterprise. At Russel Island of Shwekyun, since 1991, 7,390 momis of pearls and 93 tons of oyster shells have been produced. A profit sharing agreement was signed Nov. 25, 1992 with Nino International Corp. of Japan for pearl culture and production. Internal joint ventures were signed with Ocean Pearl Co. Ltd. Myanmar Gems Enterprise. It has produced 716 carats of raw gems and 777 kilos of raw jade. The Myanmar Gems Emporium Hall was completed in 1993. Joint ventures have been established with Myanmar nationals "to pre-empt poachers and smugglers...." The Myanmar Gems Emporium received the following: 29th Emporium: US$ 8,771,397; 1992 Mid-term Emporium: US$ 8,900,525; 30th Emporium: US$ 14,667,714; 1993 Mid-term Emporium: US$ 14,533,295; 31st Emporium: US$ 8,489,196. Myanmar Salt and Marine Chemical Enterprise. Produced: 81,412 tons salt, 35,383 tons fine salt, 363 tons magnesium chloride, 42 tons potassium chloride, 244 tons magsulph, 285 tons sodium sulphate, 310 tons soda ash, and 6553 tons of iodine salt. There is also experimental production of artimia cysts (prawn feed).] Feb. 5: -- Aphyauk natural gaswells: Reliable suppliers of fuel, by Mawgyun Soe Myint. [10 wells are now supplying 75 million cubic feet of gas daily to Yangon and lower Myanmar.] -- No gold nor silver but water, by Pe Than. [Irrigation in Magway Division.] -- Goda village forest regeneration pilot project, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Shade and firewood trees in Minhla Township, Magway.] -- 9,000 lights offered to Kyaikhtiyoe Pagoda, by Sintgu Soe Win. [Festival on Jan. 1.] -- The Thettaw Reservoir, by Pyin-Oo-Lwin Chit Swe. [Reservoir under construction in Thazi Township, Mandalay.] -- Chichaung hydel power plant, by Ko Da. [K 30 million project in Mindat District, Chin State.] Feb. 12 [Union Day Supplement]: -- Page of photographs taken at 1994 Union Day Dinner, with excerpts from 1993 and 1994 Union Day Messages. -- Paramount duty of all national races, by Soe Naung. [National unity.] -- Our inherent Union spirit, by Aung Soe. [Anecdotes of college friendship with Chins, Kachins, etc.: "Naw Chinpaw even did not look like a Chin.... He was always jolly with his mates and was almost a Bamar."] -- Ever be united through weal & woe, by T. Htut. [Let us rededicate ourselves to unity.] -- Marching forward in unity, by Maung Dawna. [Review of Myanmar history.] -- In this Union of Myanmar, we speak but one tongue--unity, by Min Kyaw Min. [As we celebrate unity, "a continuous campaign is being directed toward driving a wedge between the brethren members of the Union so that if it should ever disintegrate, they would come out the winner ...."] -- The Union built with our life blood, by Tekkatho Thankha. [Stories of ethnic anti-imperialist heroes: Phalam Grounly and Sabawnaw (Kachins who fought the British in 1914); Saw Laphaw (Kayah who put a price on British heads in 1988 {sic--presumably 1888 or so}; Mahn Po Thaung (Kayin who fought the British in 1895); Bo Khaing Kam (Chin who led anti-British uprising in 1888); Bo Maung Paing and Bo Nga Tar (Rakhines who fought the British in 1888}; Htwet Lu (Shan anti-imperialist fighter in 1886).] Feb. 19: -- Developing and prospering Ayeyarwady (Roads & communications sector), by Bo Saing. [Details of 1,256 miles of tarred, hard surface, and dirt roads built by SLORC.] -- Performing national duty effectively and successfully, by Than Myint. [How Myanmar fights narcotics drug abuse.] -- To Minhla Fort, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Development in Minhla.] -- Grow sunflower for self-sufficiency in edible oil, by Reporter Thein Win Gyi. [Visit to Kyauktan Township sunflower project. Costs per acres are: K 650 for land preparation; K 240 for 6 pyis of seed; K 900 for chemical fertilizers; K 500 to hire persons to "water the plants twice:; K 200 for pesticides; and K 300 for gathering and winnowing seeds -- total K 2,790, producing 20 baskets of sunflower seed, from which 65 viss of edible oil can be produced, which fetches K 130 per viss.] -- Kayah State becoming developed, by Than Wai (Taunggyi). [Progress in Loikaw.] -- Dam built across Bilin river for summer paddy, by Lwin Hein Aung (Pa-O). [Dam in Thaton Township will irrigate 5,000 acres.] Feb. 26: -- More roads and bridges help accelerate development in Rakhine State, by Maung Myint Khine. [Review of SLORC road construction, raising total from 488 to 1,036 miles.] -- Hkakabo-Razi: The unique biogeographic feature of northern Myanmar for peace and nature, by Maung Tabarwa. [19,315 foot mountain in Kachin State, the highest in Myanmar.] -- Come aboard a triple-decker for a pleasure cruise, by Tha Tun Wai. [River boats being built in China for Myanmar. Three "P" Class shallow-water triple-deckers named Pyi Gyi Mon, Pyi Myanmar-1, and Pyi Tharyar. Each US$ 1.7 million vessel has 18 first class cabins (36 people, bathroom, air conditioning, Asian and Western water-closets); 10 second class cabins (20 people, fans and wash-basins); 3 third-class cabins (48 people, bunks); capacity for 270 deck passengers. They have a speed of 11 knots. Two will be used on the Yangon-Pathein route, and one in Kayin State.] -- A beautiful town on Hlaing river bank, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Hlaing Tharyar new town created in 1989: 26 square miles, 35 residential wards, 9 village tracts, 32,992 families, and 163,303 population. It was used to house people burnt out of Seinpan Myaing Ward, Mayangon Township, in 1985. Description of pagoda and other facilities.] -- Three extraordinary paddy fields, by Mawgyun Soe Myint. [Three successful projects.] -- USDA youths work in paddy fields to raise funds, by Tin Win Shwe (Shwe Pangon). [Volunteer work in Wetlet Township.] -- Cultivating summer paddy with might and main, by Aung San (Agriculture). [Summer paddy coming along well.] -- Agriculture region worth studying, by Zaw Min (Sinbyukyun). [Sinbyukyun region in Magway Division.] Crime Jan. 31: A robber who robbed passengers at the Yangon Railway Station was arrested Jan. 5, and valuables worth K 193,000 were recovered. (NLM 2/1) Feb. 4: A 290-ton smuggling boat, the Sithu-9, carrying goods from Singapore was seized off Karuppi on Feb. 3, while trying to evade customs and moor at Kyaikkhami port. Seized were cigarettes, satellite TV receivers, radio-cassettes, liquor, cosmetics, and clothing, etc. (NLM 2/5) Feb. 9: A car part thief was arrested in Yangon, Jan. 28. (NLM 2/10) Feb. 17: Fraud was exposed involving the theft of K 9.7 million from the Thingangyun Township branch of the Myanma Economic Bank, between 1991 and 1994, using forged saving certificates. Nine active and five retired bank employees have been booked. (NLM 2/18) Feb. 19: Police took action against 135 motorists in Yangon on Feb. 18 for "blocking the road, stopping at non-parking areas and parking on pavements." (NLM 2/ 20) Anti-Narcotics Activities Feb. 2: 0.04 kilo of heroin was seized Jan. 18 in Dagon Myothit (East), Yangon. (NLM 2/3) Feb. 6: 0.14 kilo of heroin was seized Jan. 22 in Muse Township, and 0.3 kilo was seized on Jan. 25. (NLM 2/7) Feb. 7: Tatmadawmen and others destroyed 156 acres of illicit poppy plantation in Kunhing, Shan State, between Jan. 14-26. (NLM 2/8) Feb. 8: 23.5 grams of opium oil were seized Feb. 7 on a Myanmar passenger enplaning for Bangkok. (NLM 2/9) Feb. 10: David Foday, a Sierra Leonean, died of a drug overdose; a postmortem at Yangon General Hospital revealed 611 grammes of heroin in packages in his stomach and intestines. Another 196 grammes was found in his hotel room. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 10: 2.0 kilos of raw opium were seized Jan. 2 in Tachilek Township. (NLM 2/11) Feb. 16: 0.07 kilo of heroin was seized Jan. 26 at Mandalay railway station. (NLM 2/17) Feb. 18: 1.5 kilos of raw opium were seized Dec. 14 in Tachilek Township. (NLM 2/19) Feb. 20: 5.6 kilos of raw opium were seized Jan. 19 at Mandalay railway station. (NLM 2/21) Feb. 21: 0.13 kilo of heroin was seized Feb. 11 in Mogaung. 0.7 kilo of heroin, plus explosives, was seized Feb. 14 in Waingmaw. (NLM 2/22) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are obituaries in Burmese as well.] Jan. 20: Ma Khin Thet Swe, BSc(Phy), Dip in Japanese (IFL), International Culture University, Kobe, Japan, died in Kobe, Japan, aged 37. (NLM 2/1) Jan. 29: Dr. U Pe Kyin, Retired Director of Health Department, Retired Rector of Institute of Medicine 1, Yangon, (Taungoo), husband of Daw Kyin San Aung, died in Yangon, aged 85. (NLM 2/2) Feb. 6: Moemakhataung Thakka Alantayar Sayadaw Abhidhaja Agga Maha Saddhamma Jotika Bhaddanta Candanavamsa, vassa 58, died in Thaton, aged 83. (NLM article 2/7) Feb. 6: Patron Sayadaw of Shwekyin Kyaungtaik in Mingala Taungnyunt Township, State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Abhidhaja Maha Rattna Guru Shwekyin Nikaya Upa Ukkatha Maha Nayaka Joint Thathanabaing Shwedagon Pagoda Board of Trustees Ovadacariya Sayadaw Bhaddanta Vasethabhivamsa, 66 vassa, died in Yangon, aged 85. (NLM articles 2/7, 2/8) Feb. 7: Daw Poe Ti, Taikkyi, wife of U Yan Mar, died in Yangon, aged 68. [Chinese Cemetery] (NLM 2/8) Feb. 7: Mr. A. Samuel, Retd. Engineer (Construction Corporation), husband of Santhi, died in Yangon, aged 68. [Hindu] (NLM 2/9) Feb. 11: U Ba Min (a) Percy Ba Min (Myaungmya), Waterways Dept. (retd.), Mandalay, (Judsonian), husband of Daw Mya Mya, died in Yangon, aged 77. [Christian] (NLM 2/12) Feb. 11: Rev. Rawlinson Pan, husband of Naw Rebecca, Pastor of Nan-tha-gone Baptist Church, Insein, died in Yangon, aged 62. [Baptist] (NLM 2/12) Feb. 14: U Nu [see below] Feb. 14: Haji U Chit Mg (Pyin Oo Lwin), husband of Hajima Daw Khin Aye Mu (a) Deborah, died in Yangon, aged 60. [Muslim] (NLM 2/19) Feb. 24: Rev. Saw Lonie (Taungoo), husband of the late Naw Sein Mya, died in Insein, aged 98. [Baptist] (NLM 2/26) Feb. 27: U Thaung Sein (a) Ko Waing, husband of Daw Thet Nwe Hla (Susan), died in Yangon, aged 47. [Chinese cemetery] (NLM 2/28) U Nu Dies Feb. 14: U Nu (Thakin Nu), Wakhema, husband of the late Daw Mya Yi, died at his residence at 42 Pyidaungsu Lane, Saya San Avenue, Bahan Township, Yangon, aged 88. [see notice in illustration section] (NLM 2/15-19) Feb. 15 [full text]: "U Nu passes away. U Nu (Thakin Nu), retired Prime Minister, passed away at his residence at 11.25 am on Tuesday, 14 February. He was 88. During the struggle for independence, he was the Chairman of the national front, the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL). He became the Prime Minister of the Government formed after independence was regained. In 1952, he served as the leading sponsor in building the Kaba Aye Pagoda and organized the Sixth Buddhist Synod. When the AFPFL split, he became the Chairman of the AFPFL (Clean) and later the Pyidaungsu Party on whose ticket he was elected and became Prime Minister. He sponsored the translation of the Pitakat scriptures into English till the time of his demise." [photo] (NLM 2/16) Feb. 28: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. The family of the late U Nu wishes to tender their sincere and deepest gratitude to the following organizations, personnel and wellwishers who had rendered assistance of all kinds during their recent bereavement. (i) Chairman and members of the State Law and Order Restoration Council, the Minister for Construction and officials and Staff of organizations under him, YCDC. (ii) Professor U Ye Myint and Doctors, Nurses and Staff of Cardiac Surgical Ward of Yangon General Hospital and Colonel Ye Thwe and Medical team from No. 2 Military Hospital. (iii) Ambassadors and members of the Diplomatic Corps. (iv) Families of 296, East Yankin, Friends far and near for sending condolences by letter, telephone, telegram, telex and fax and floral tributes. (v) Thousands of people attending the funeral and wellwishers, Prayer meeting Groups of different religions and friends from far and near. They regret their inability to thank them individually. U Nu's Bereaved Family (NLM 2/28) Fires Jan. 31: During December 1994, there were 128 cases of fire in Myanmar, with loss of property amounting to K 14.5 million. A total of 404 buildings, 1 factory, 5 work establishments, and 6 godowns were destroyed. 1,974 people were made homeless, 3 were killed, and 7 were injured. 90.6 per cent of the fires were due to negligence. (NLM 2/1) ----- SUBSCRIPTIONS & RENEWALS ATT: Burma Press Summary The Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies University of Illinois 910 South Fifth Street, RM 230 Champaign, IL 61820 Annual Subscriptions: Individuals - US$ 50.00 Institutions - US$ 60.00 Add Postal surcharge for Canada - US$ 2.00 Foreign (surface) - US$ 2.00 Europe (air) - US$ 20.00 Asia (air) - US $ 25.00 [additional charge for US$ check on foreign bank - $5.00] NOTE: Checks should be payable to: University of Illinois, with "Burma Press Summary" annotated on check. Correspondence concerning subscriptions, missing issues, etc., should be sent to the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies in Champaign, Illinois EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE Editorial correspondence, and requests for full texts of articles, should be sent to: Hugh C. MacDougall 32 Elm Street Cooperstown, NY 13326 Burma Press Summary No. 96, Feb. 1995