94-01 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY From the Rangoon "The New Light of Myanmar" Compiled for the Burma Studies Group by Hugh C. MacDougall Published by the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Illinois Volume VIII, No. 1, January 1994 Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans 2 Cartoons 2 Political Articles 2 Returnees from Bangladesh 4 Prisoners Released 4 Special Refresher Courses 4 Comment on Bertil Lintner 5 USDA Mass Rallies 7 Japanese Report on Myanmar 9 NATIONAL CONVENTION Convention Preparations 10 Convention Resumes Plenary Session 11 Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt's Speech 11 Clarification by U Aung Toe 13 National Convention Proceedings 25 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 25 New Myanmar Ambassadors 26 Diplomatic Tours 26 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops 26 Foreign Donations 27 China Boundary Inspection 27 FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Visitors 27 Cultural and Medical Visitors 27 Business Visitors 28 Religious Delegations 28 Foreign Journalists 29 Myanmar Doctors From US Visit Home 29 Malaysian Intelligence Visitors 29 Singapore Elephant Experts 30 Sichuan Music Troupe 30 Japanese Veterans 30 Japanese Aid Delegation 30 Thai Parliamentary Delegation 30 Garuda Indonesian Airways 30 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 30 Business Delegations 31 Delegations to Meetings & Events 31 Deputy Foreign Minister to India 31 Economic Delegation to Kunming 31 MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 31 Appointments 31 Appointments Confirmed 31 GOVERNMENT Independence Day Message 32 Independence Day Awards 33 Foreign Messages of Congratulations 34 Independence Day Ceremonies 35 Lecture to LORCs 36 New Deputy Ministers 36 Border Ministry Reorganized 36 MILITARY Explosives Seized 36 Armed Group Attacks 36 Members of Armed Groups Surrender 36 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 36 Project Inaugurations 37 Advertisements 38 Joint Ventures & Foreign Investments 38 Trade Fair in Tachilek 39 Department Stores Privatization 39 Development in Ex-Insurgent Areas 39 Satellite Towns Expansion 40 Volunteer Labour 40 Bhamo-Myitkyina Road Opened 40 Energy 40 Tourism 41 Merchant Marine 41 Rainfall in Yangon 41 SPORTS Sports Articles 41 National Sports Festival 41 Holes-in-One 42 New Golf Resort in Insein 42 HEALTH Health Articles 42 Dental Draft Announced 42 Myanmar Medical Association 43 CULTURAL Cultural and Scientific Articles 43 TV Broadcasts Extended 43 Publications 43 Universities 43 Religion 44 U Ohn Pe Literary Awards 44 Cultural Policy 44 School Computers 44 MISCELLANEOUS Sunday and Holiday Supplements 44 Crime 46 Murder & Retribution 46 Anti-Narcotics Activities 48 Obituaries 48 Traffic Accidents 49 Fires 49 HIGHLIGHTS -- As the National Convention reconvened, U Aung Toe suggested the following Constitutional features: -- Establishment of self-administrated divisions and zones for ethnic groups; -- Presidential rule for Yangon, Coco Island, and other strategic areas; -- Division of the Hluttaw into a tripartite electoral college: upper house, lower house, and appointed military members. Each group to name a Vice-President, with the Hluttaw to choose one of the three as President. [NATIONAL CONVENTION] -- Mass rallies for the Union Solidarity and Development Association were held throughout the country. [POLITICAL CRISIS] -- Murderers given death penalty the day after being arrested; police officers sacked and transferred. [MISCELLANEOUS-- Murder & Retribution] -- Bertil Linter roasted; peace policy towards insurgents outlined [POLITICAL CRISIS] POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans Recurrent Slogans: The bottom of each front page continues to bear the slogan: Emergence of the State Constitution is the duty of all citizens of Myanmar Naing-Ngan. Other slogans run frequently are: The Tatmadaw has been sacrificing much of its blood and sweat to prevent disintegration of the Union. All nationalities of the Union are urged to give all co-operation and assistance in this great task. National Convention is genuine national politics. Variable Slogans: Since August 1991, each issue has included a changing religious slogan at the top of each front page: Jan. 1-3: Nibbanasacchikiriya ca, to realize the Nibbana; this is the way to auspiciousness. Jan. 4-11: Phuttassa lokadhammehi, cittam yassa na kampati, the mind which is touched by the eight vicissitudes of life does not move; this is the way to auspiciousness. Jan. 12-31: Asokam, to be free from anxiety; this is the way to auspiciousness. Cartoons [There were only cartoons on safe driving, with Burmese-language captions.] Political Articles Following the pattern begun in October 1988, many issues contain lengthy feature articles, translated from Burmese, designed to bolster government views and policies. Editorials sometimes touch on similar themes. We note them briefly, with excerpts of typical or particularly significant portion: Jan. 1: Myanmar-- the country with five firsts, by Dr. Tin Than Myint (IM-Mann). ["Joy unprecedented and delight unparalleled in my life makes my heart flutter, as I set foot on Myanmar, the country endowed with five firsts-- the first offering of alms, the first sermon, the first sacred strands of hair, the first stupa and the first laymen to find refuge in the threefold jewels.... The author, also a Myanmar doctor, left home for the UK to secure medical treatment for daughter War War. From London where I had my further training, we moved on to the US in search of better medical care.... I took qualifying examinations and found a job there.... Myanmar doctors, who had been away from homeland for many a year...are not forgotten by Motherland. They were invited by the Government for a visit home." Joy of arrival, of meeting old medical mentors, of rediscovering Myanmar cuisine. "My solace, or so to say by blithe, soared high on Christmas Day. Back at my native place, a little village called Paydone-shaung west of Lewe, I had the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to novitiate my son into the Buddhist Holy Order and see him become a member of the Sangha.... Recalling our US days, I remembered that my son Zaw Zaw was not the least at home there. When the rest of the family took up American citizenship as the situation demanded, he alone obstinately refused to do so. He declared his ardent desire to go back to Myanmar and enter the Holy Order.... My son who is now a monk asked me about the five firsts endowed upon the Union of Myanmar. I took time to explain him about the brothers Tapussa and Balika from Okkala (now Yangon), on their trading visit to Majima Desa (now India) met the Enlightened One himself, how they had the chance of offering honeycakes to the Buddha as a first offering of alms, how they hear His teachings in person and were blessed with the first sermon of the Buddha, how they received the first sacred strands of hair from Buddha himself, how they became the first laymen to find refuge in the threefold jewels Buddha, Dhamma and the Sangha, and lastly how they returned to Myanmar and, under royal patronage, enshrined the sacred strands of hair in the first stupa which now stands as the Shwedagon.... In my [son's] eyes I could discern his determination to stay on in the Religious Order in the land of pagodas, the land where the Sasana of Lord Buddha flourishes.] Jan. 4: Inheritance, by Win Naing. [Grandfather's reminiscences about the struggle for independence.] Jan. 4: Editorial: Freedom is not licence. ["After the turmoil and chaos in recent history, the Tatmadaw has had to come forward again, as it did in earlier emergencies, to restore law and order. Lawlessness, anarchy and all their attendant ills visited us. While the leadership here was striving to restore peace and tranquillity, those who bode us ill were fanning the flames, creating more problems. They still do, but sanity has prevailed. Under any guise, no one should be made to take freedom for licence. That would spell disaster.... No one can throw decency to the winds and do what he or she likes, for we are a civilized people and must never discard the virtue of being disciplined.... To be composed, to show gentlemanly comportment is the Myanmar character. That is the true heritage our ancestors have left us.... Freedom is not licence. No one should think anything can be achieved without restraint, without conformity to norms and traditions.... For without discipline, the freedom we cherish can be lost. Discipline is the hallmark of greatness."] Jan. 8: What a joke, by Maung Thamadi. [Bangkok paper reports appeal to US from Khun Sa for aid in return for getting rid of opium {photocopy of article}. "It is reported that according to the letter sent by Khun Sa to President Clinton, it was fabricated that the presence of Myanma Tatmadaw in Shan State has prevented opium from being totally wiped out in Shan State and that if the Myanma Tatmadaw withdraws from the Shan State, the people there pledge to totally give up opium cultivation. In reality...that the...people in Shan State and the Myanma Tatmadaw are making utmost efforts to eradicate opium.... The DEA is also well aware of this fact.... If the Myanma Tatmadaw and the DEA cooperate and speed up the work more effectively, sooner or later, Khun Sa would be caught without fail. Being aware of this Khun Sa who is at wit's end has fabricated this tale. For the people who know Khun Sa thoroughly, the letter written by Khun Sa to President Clinton making a proposal to get rid of opium is a big joke."] Jan. 8,10,12,16: National Convention for formulating fundamental principles to draft an enduring State constitution, by Maung Kyi Lin. [(1) Duties of National Convention Convening Commission. (2) Committees described; procedural rules. (3) Methods of selecting delegates. (4) Facilities for Convention, and summary of opening address.] Jan. 10: Discipline is the hallmark of greatness, by Saya U Hla Aung. ["Discipline is the hallmark of greatness. Discipline is a must for every one. Hence, let us all think about it deeply and act accordingly--at all times!"] Jan. 16: Editorial: To protect and serve the nation. [The Union Solidarity and Development Association was formed and registered as a social organization with the Ministry of Home Affairs on 15 September 1993 .... In the aftermath of the chaos and anarchy of the late '80s, the social organizations could not absorb the bulk of youths enthusiastic to join. Hence the need for one that would cater to their desires. That the authorities had devised a way for them to identify themselves with a distinctive organization came as a boon and at an opportune moment.... Members who are ten and above, regardless of sex, class, creed or faith, will be able to get together for a common cause--that of protecting and serving the motherland.... All members are to swear their allegiance to the nation under the Four Oaths, observe an 11-point Code of Conduct and live up to 14 Duties and Responsibilities, which means they will be able to prove themselves worthy of identity with the Union. The mammoth rally that was held at Aung San Stadium yesterday was one of a kind, for it brought together a merry mix of students, teachers and people from other walks of life. More rallies are coming up. They will endorse the USDA and help strengthen the nation's chances of seeing peace and progress."] Jan. 29: Patriotism and the New Generation, by Dr. Win May. ["Loss of patriotism leads to a loss of national pride culminating in the loss of freedom. It is therefore essential for us to instill a sense of patriotism in the youth of today...."] Jan. 30: Editorial: Noble aims. ["On 15 September 1993, the Union Solidarity and Development Association was formed with noble aims as a social organization to lend support to national construction and consolidation of the strength of the nation that lies within. There have been mass rallies which have chalked up attendance by some four million and they have been drawing crowds which include academics and students from various campuses who have taken the podium to table motions and take part in the proceedings. There is an ongoing peace process to end civil strife that has sapped the energies of the people concerned and negated the endeavours for peace and progress. In order to undermine the peace process and endeavours for national wellbeing, there are certain circles which tend to sow dissent either through the print media or the electronic media abroad and strive to bombard our people with evil designs. Ulterior motive is very much evident in what is being done by these in the pay of those who wish to malign and destroy with their feet what we have written with our hands, as the saying goes. Inethical malicious and yet futile attempts are being made to further divide our brethren at a time when unity is being forged. The evil hand behind all these vicious acts is also very much evident. It is up to all patriotic nationals who are aware of their obligations to society and must uphold national dignity and sovereignty to expose the evil-doers and in doing so further strengthen our resolve to achieve what we have set out to accomplish. Our noble aims shall prevail."] Returnees from Bangladesh [Articles reporting the return of refugees from Bangladesh list the cumulative total since Sept. 22, 1992. Not all returns are reported in NLM.] Dec. 31: 172 persons from 35 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Dec. 30, "under the agreement reached between Myanmar and Bangladesh," bringing the total since Sept. 22, 1992 to 52,020. (NLM 1/ 1) Jan. 5: 49 persons from 9 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 4, bringing the total to 52,069. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 9: 66 persons from 19 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 8, bringing the total to 52,135. (NLM 1/10) Jan. 11: 44 persons from 11 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 10, bringing the total to 52,179. (NLM 1/12) Jan. 21: 28 persons from 8 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 19, bringing the total to 52,227. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 25: 76 persons from 16 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 24, bringing the total to 52,303. (NLM 1/26) Jan. 27: 61 persons from 11 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 26, bringing the total to 52,364. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 30: 107 persons from 23 households returned to Kanyinchaung camp on Jan. 29, bringing the total to 52,471. (NLM 1/31) Prisoners Released Jan. 8: 21 men and 12 women were released from Pathein and Maubin jails under SLORC Declaration No. 11/92. (NLM 1/9) Special Refresher Courses Dec. 31: Special Refresher Course No. 5 for Senior and Junior Assistant Teachers concluded, and was addressed by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. "He said today is a time when contacts with the outside are on the increase and there is likelihood of alien culture penetrating into the country and influencing the people. If people have no idea about the high standard and the fine points of one's own traditions and culture then they can easily think highly of alien culture and take to it. He said it is quite natural for those with very weak patriotism in them to become fancied with other cultures. He said by setting aside one's own traditions and cultures, one will come to think highly of culture of other countries and when such a thing increases, then the country will come nearer to become a serfdom.... He also explained the formation of the Union Solidarity and Development Association and the aims and objectives of the association and oath. He spoke of the need for teachers to strive hard in whatever duties they are assigned to in working for the development of the association and to organize their pupils to take active part in the association ...." (NLM 1/1) Jan. 10: Special Refresher Course No. 2 for Officials of General Administration Department opened at the Central Institute of Public Services, and was addressed by Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin. "He told them to effectively assist to the members of Union Solidarity and Development Associations in their respective regions for realization of the objectives of the USDA. The Minister reminded them of the danger of a handful of destructionists, who are trying to cause disintegration of the Union under the guise of human rights, democracy and affairs of national races...." (NLM 1/11) Jan. 17: Special Refresher Course No. 6 for Junior and Senior Assistant Teachers opened, and was addressed by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. The four-week course is being attended by 1,500 teachers. (NLM 1/18) Comment on Bertil Lintner Jan. 12: Prophet of Doom in Retreat, by U Pe Kin [full text]: I was somewhat amused to read the reaction of a foreign prophet of doom to the accord reached between the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and the State Law and Order Restoration Council in October 1993. From the way the said prophet, Bertil Lintner, described the accord it was obvious that he was greatly dismayed by it because it proved his predictions of doom befalling the government wrong and dethroned him from the position of an expert on Myanmar affairs with pretensions of high level contacts in Yangon. It might be of interest to mention here a few instances of his predictions which had gone astray. Way back in the early 1980s Bertil Lintner found his way to the insurgent camps on the northern border of Myanmar and stayed with them for several months. The insurgents were then a mixed bag dominated by the Burma Communist Party (BCP). He wrote a series of articles for Far Eastern Economic Review, a Hongkong-based weekly magazine, and was soon proclaimed an expert on insurgency in Myanmar. As a guest of the insurgents his articles were naturally biased in their favour. He overestimated the insurgents and underrated the Tatmadaw. But if I may say so, before the ink of his flattering articles had dried his heroes, the communists, were beaten in no uncertain terms and driven out of their strongholds lock, stock and barrel. He then moved southward and covered the activities of an insurgent alliance which later became known as the Democratic Alliance of Burma (DAB)--a conglomeration of some twenty dissident elements with the Karen National Union (KNU) as its central pillar. As a beneficiary of the KNU's largesse he became the chief exponent of its propaganda in Bangkok and spread glowing accounts of its activities taking particular care, though, of remaining silent on its smuggling of teak, jade, opium (both raw and refined) and terrorizing the countryside, blowing up trains and looting them. The 1988 crisis Then came the political crisis of 1988 when the pent-up feelings of the people against one-party dictatorship exploded. As in many cases of momentous events in world history this explosion also originated from an insignificant incident--a tea-shop browl [sic] between some students of Yangon Institute of Technology and local rowdies over the playing of music too loudly. Foreign Interference In the name of human rights and democracy the international media and the wire services threw journalistic ethics to the winds and poured oil on the flame of lawlessness by publishing or broadcasting exaggerated accounts of these fictitious stories without checking. Sensationalism and speed were their only concern. Truth and fairness were not. Similarly, breaking all canons of diplomatic practice some Western diplomats in Yangon brazenly interfered in our affairs and encouraged lawlessness. Heartened by their active participation and support, including financial contributions, the demonstrators took the law into their own hands and began challenging the Tatmadaw openly. The Tatmadaw which ha successfully driven out the KMT (Kuomington) [sic] intruders from our soil single-handed against all odds, and had contained the Communists and their multicoloured insurgent allies for 40 years at great sacrifice of men and material felt humiliated. It could not therefore be expected to remain indifferent to the country sliding down the slippery path to total anarchy and look on with folded arms the Communists riding to power through a shortcut. On 18, September 1988 it took over the country. The State Law and Order Restoration Council The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces announced the formation of the State Law and Order Restoration Council with himself as Chairman. He abolished the Burma Socialist Programme Party and all governmental institutions under it--the legislature, executive and judiciary. The prophets of doom confidently predicted that "the junta" (as they scornfully dubbed the new government) would collapse in three months time. It is now five months since and it is still alive and kicking. Some "junta" indeed! Border Tension When the above prediction went amiss they invented border tensions between Myanmar and Bangladesh and accused the Tatmadaw of persecuting the Muslims in Rakhine. I remember Bertil Lintner publishing a giant picture of a soldier, purported to be a Myanmar, standing arrogantly astride the border and throwing a challenge to the other side. The accusation was as false as it was immoral. The campaigners tried very hard to internationalize it by involving the United Nations but they failed because we resolved the question by mutual discussion. At this writing over 52,000 misguided emigrants have returned to their homes. Offer of National Consolidation At a time when the Tatmadaw was winning on all fronts including the hearts and minds of the people, Senior General Than Shwe unilaterally called a halt to all military operations as a gesture of goodwill and national consolidation and invited all brother-nationals to follow suit and stop shedding each other's blood. Critics of the regime (both inside and outside the country) were skeptical of the offer and called it a hoax and an admission of failure to subdue the opponents by force of arms. But saner counsels prevailed in many responsible quarters who saw in the offer a golden opportunity of turning a new page and of re-establishing traditional amity among all national races as in the days of yore before the advent of colonialism. The first to respond were the people of Kokang and Wa regions who had lived under the BCP domination for 30 years. They revolted against the Communists, captured their headquarters and banished them (including Ba Thein Tin) from their territories and opened a dialogue with the government. They offered to surrender their arms but as a practical demonstration of trust and confidence in one's own kith and kin the government asked them to keep whatever arms they had for security and maintenance of law and order in their respective regions. Needless to say they were impressed with this gesture of sincerity. With the restoration of peace and tranquillity the government launched a series of development projects which brought people immediate benefits such as schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, clean water and electricity. Livestock breeding and other agricultural projects were introduced to replace poppy plantations. Illegal border trade was properly organized and made legal. Prosperity dawned as never before making life easier and happier for the people. As recently as 30 December 1993 the Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races visited the Kunlong and Lawkkai townships in Kokang region for inspection of development projects and substitution crops for former poppy plantations. In his discussions with local leaders he expressed delight in not seeing any more poppy plantations on his way to the townships by helicopter. Seeing is Believing On seeing the rapid progress Kokang and Wa regions were making under peaceful conditions other dissident groups followed in quick succession to take advantage of the government's offer while the going was good. Among them were the Shan State Army (SSA), the Kachin National Development Army (KDA), the Pa-O National Organization, the Palaung Liberation Army and the Kayan National Army. The latest to jump on the bandwagon was the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO)--the most important arm of the KNU. It took the wind out of the sail of the so-called Democratic Alliance of Burma (DAB). It caused some consternation among the supporters of the DAB, especially the prophets of doom. In an article in the Far Eastern Economic Review of 21 October 1993 Bertil Lintner lamented: "One more to go" "Ceasefire deal (with KIO) leave Karens fighting Rangoon alone" and published a photograph of a pathetic looking young Karen soldier shabbily dressed in shorts and slippers (unlike his earlier pictures of well-groomed, smart and seemingly confident fighters) with the remark: "Defeat or negotiated ceasefire?" Then after recounting the depleted strength of the DAB he concluded rather sorrowfully: "....it appears that some compromise agreement on a ceasefire is the best the beleaguered Karens can hope for". It was his most sensible and realistic appraisal of the situation I have ever read and I hasten to commend it to the KNU. I know one hates to admit that one has made a mistake and that one must pull back rather than push forward. But then it is not impossible to make an omelet without breaking eggs. The eggs KNU shall have to break here is to admit that it has involved itself in a war which it cannot win. If that hurts its pride it will be good for its soul, for the whole country is now yearning for peace and will welcome it with genuine delight. The question of victor and vanquished will not arise. All will be winners. (NLM 1/23) USDA Mass Rallies Jan. 15: Over 100,000 attended the Yangon Division mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), chaired by Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, with four columns converging on the Aung San Stadium. Speech by Mayor U Ko Lay Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay presided, and gave an introductory speech [full text published in NLM]. He listed the five principles of the USDA, the 104 Basic Principles to be incorporated into the new Constitution adopted by the National Convention, the six objectives of the National Convention, and the Three Main National Causes. He concluded that: "Under prevailing political conditions, the neo-colonialists have been making false allegations against Myanmar with the aim of enabling their axe-handles to gain power. The traitor axe-handles, who have dealings with neo-colonialist groups on economic grounds, have cooked up stories to tarnish the dignity of Myanmar. These are the acts to ignore and insult the sovereignty of our State. "It is human nature that a person or an organization or a nation is liable to do good or bad. Under unavoidable circumstances, strength is applied in some matters. Bitter quinine has to be used to banish malaria thought one knows it is too bitter. Similarly, there are restrictions on the rights of freedom to ensure prevalence of peace and tranquillity and for non-disintegration of national unity...." He finished by calling on the rally to endorse six proposals, which he listed. Six Motions The Six motions were then formally proposed by Daw Le Le Win Swe, Executive Committee Member of the Tarmway Township Union Solidarity and Development Association [full texts in NLM]. The motions were then seconded [full texts in NLM]. "The Chairman of the rally U Ko Lay asked for the approval of the people. the people in attendance, in unison, gave their common consent. Hence the proposals were approved unanimously by the rally." (1) We firmly resolve to fully support the one hundred and four State fundamental principles laid down by the National Convention. (2) We firmly resolve to support the five objectives of the Union Solidarity and Development Association. (3) We firmly resolve to prevent at all costs subversions within and without the country that would disrupt perpetuation of sovereignty. (4) We call for armed groups to return to the legal fold and actively take part in all-round national development tasks. (5) We firmly resolve to strive hard for the emergence of an affluent nation as a national task. (6) We firmly resolve to make concerted efforts for the consolidation of the Union Solidarity and Development Association. Mayor U Ko Lay then ended the rally, thanking all those who had taken part. USDA Mass Rally Slogans National Convention fundamental principles Must succeed Must succeed! Unity of Entire nation Must succeed Must succeed! Perpetuation of Sovereignty Must succeed Must succeed! [pages of photographs] (NLM 1/16) [This rally set the format for the others noted below, which we note briefly, although most were reported in full, with texts of speeches, etc.] Jan. 17: Over 180,000 attended the Taunggyi mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, with four columns converging on the Shan State Sports Ground. It "unanimously approved six motions for the emergences of a peaceful affluent nation." The Minister said that throughout the nations there were 16 State/Division level, 85 District level, and 314 Township and Ward and Village level USDAs. He "pinpointed the wily tricks of neo-colonialists who try again to interfere with internal affairs of Myanmar which strictly adheres to the five principles of peaceful co-existence." The six motions were proposed and seconded, and the Chair "requested the approval of the people. The people in attendance, in unison, gave their unanimous consent. Hence the six motions were approved on consensus at the mass rally to the rousing cheers of the public." [photos] (NLM 1/18) Jan. 17: Over 200,000 people attended the Mandalay mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by USDA Secretary-General Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung, with five columns converging on the Sinbyugan Sports Ground. The six motions were approved by acclamation. [photos] (NLM 1/18) Jan. 18: Over 160,000 people attended the Kachin State mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with Kachin State USDA Secretary U Rawan Jon as Master of Ceremonies. Six columns converged on the Myitkyina People's Sports Ground. The Six Motions were "approved unanimously at the mass rally to the rousing cheers of the public." (NLM 1/ 19) Jan. 18: Over 270,000 people attended the Pathein mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Communications, Posts & Telegraphs U Soe Tha, with four columns converging on the new Pathein airport grounds. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/19) Jan. 18: Over 100,000 attended the Kengtung mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association in Kengtung, chaired by Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, with six columns convening on the Myoma Sports Ground in Kengtung. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 19: Over 55,000 attended the Bhamo District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with four columns convening on the Bhamo People's Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 20: Over 120,000 attended the Bago Division mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Secretary U Pan Aung of the Yangon City Development Committee, with four columns converging on the Divisional Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 20: Over 167,000 attended the Meiktila mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Cooperatives U Than Aung, with four columns converging on the District Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 20: Over 244,000 attended the Ayeyarwady Division mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Communications, Posts & Telegraphs U Soe Tha, with four columns converging on the Hinthada Airfield. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 21: Over 120,000 attended the Tanintharyi Division mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Deputy Minister for Information U Thein Sein, with four columns converging on the Dawei [Tavoy] Township Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 21: Over 130,000 attended the Sagaing District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with four columns converging on the new Division Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 21: Over 217,000 attended the Shan State (North) mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, with five columns converging on the Lashio People's Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/ 21) Jan. 22: Over 221,000 attended the Magway Division mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Communications, Posts & Telegraphs U Soe Tha, with five columns converging on the Magway airport. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/23) Jan. 22: Over 200,000 attended the Toungoo District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Secretary U Pan Aung of the Yangon City Development Committee, with eleven columns converging on the Toungoo Independence Monument Sports Ground. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/23) Jan. 22: Over 120,000 attended the Shwebo District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with four columns converging on the Yangyi-aung Sports Grounds. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/23) Jan. 23: Over 99,800 attended the Kayah State mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, with four columns converging on the Kayah State Sports Ground in Loikaw. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/ 24) Jan. 23: Over 180,000 attended the Monywa District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with four columns converging on the People's Sports Ground in Monywa. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/24) Jan. 24: Over 106,000 attended the Thayarwady District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Secretary U Pan Aung of the Yangon City Development Committee, with four columns converging on the No. 1 Sports Ground in Thayarwady, Bago Division. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/24) Jan. 24: Over 177,000 attended the Pakokku mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Communications, Posts & Telegraphs U Soe Tha, with three columns converging on airport grounds. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/ 25) Jan. 25: Over 16,300 attended the Falam District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with four columns converging on the Football Grounds in Haka. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/26) Jan. 25: Over 130,000 attended the Rakhine State mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Deputy Minister for Information U Thein Sein, with four columns converging on the Vesali Square Sports Ground in Sittway. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/26) Jan. 26: Over 12,000 attended the Mindat District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, with three columns converging on the BEHS No. 1 High School. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 26: Over 245,000 attended the Pyay District mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Secretary U Pan Aung of the Yangon City Development Committee, with four columns converging on the Sports Grounds. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 28: Over 309,000 attended the Mon State mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Deputy Minister for Information U Thein Sein, with six columns converging on Mawlamyine Airport. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/29) Jan. 29: Over 110,000 attended the Kayin State mass rally for the Union Solidarity and Development Association, chaired by Deputy Minister for Information U Thein Sein, with four columns converging on the Aung Than Lwin Sports Grounds in Hpa-an. The Six Motions were unanimously approved. (NLM 1/30) Japanese Report on Myanmar Jan. 28: The following are excerpts (as printed in NLM) from an article by Mr. Yoichi Masuzoe of Fuji Television, which appeared in the Jan. 5 issue of Masuzoe Analyitica [full text, transcribed as printed]: -- At the end of November, I visited Myanmar and explored its real state of politics and economy. I realized that I have to rectify my original impression. -- I visited the Philippines and Vietnam recently to pursue matters of political democratization and economical modernization. With the view point of comparison, we cannot say Myanmar is far behind these other countries. -- However, because the name of Mrs. Suu Kyi is known well as a symbol of democratization and the fact that she is the Nobel Peace Prize recipient, the image of Myanmar was strongly dangered. So far as the human rights and minor races are concerned, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam are the same as in Myanmar. If we strictly apply the human rights as the condition of aid, Japan must stop ODA to almost all countries. When we consider the facts that Indonesia is the largest beneficiary of Japanese ODA and China the second beneficiary, there are no treasons to stop aid to Myanmar. America blamed countries such as China and on the other hand they helped Boris Yeltsin who crushed Parliament and Supreme Council. I must say that Japan also is taking similar policy. -- While I was in Myanmar, I could meet Secretary-1 Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt. First of all, he emphasized that they will be able to prevent the split of Myanmar Union, which is a multi-racial country. As a matter of fact, before this interview, the Secretary-1 Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt visited Kayin State and Mon State and appealed on holding talks with armed groups. The DAB accepted this appeal. Secondly, concerning about Mrs. Suu Kyi, I could get strong impression that there is a great possibility of her release within half year from now. -- While I was walking around streets and visited markets, I noticed that it is far more active and lively than I imagined before. There are rich consumer goods and many Japanese made electronic appliances for home use. Overseas investments from Thai, Singapore, and others are increasing, and privatization of business is also active. When these merchandize and information started to flow in, operations of journalists in this country became much more easier. -- We may say that these facts are bright indications to further democratization. When GNP per person reached US$1,500, then waves of political democratization automatically arise. Thailand and South Korea are examples. Next country will be Indonesia. China, Vietnam and Myanmar probably need a little more time. -- Reforms, if we put the order of priority, is economy should come before politics. In other words, Chinese example is better than Russian example. -- For Japan, it is desirable that neighbouring Asian countries become more democratized and prosperous. Therefore, we should keep demanding China, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other countries to make further efforts for democratization. At the same time, we should not forget to cooperate with advanced countries such as America and European countries. However, while we are considering the histories and traditions of Asian countries as well as their present stages of economic development, we should cope with them flexibly. -- We also should know that even America which acknowledge itself as the leader of human rights diplomacy sometimes became double-tongued for its own national interest. -- With the cooperation of America and European countries--if it is necessary persuade these countries--Japan should reopen ODA to Myanmar, at least in the humanitarian fields. (NLM 1/29) NATIONAL CONVENTION Convention Preparations Dec. 31: The National Convention Management Committee met to prepare for the renewal of the Convention on Jan. 18. (NLM 1/1) Jan. 3: Chairman Brig-Gen. Tin Aye of the National Convention Management Committee inspected the preparations. (NLM 1/ 4) Jan. 7: The National Convention Convening Work Committee held its 19th meeting. Present were Chairman Chief Justice U Aung Toe, Vice Chairman Attorney-General U Tha Tun and members. (NLM 1/8) Jan. 11: Kunlong special police force leader U Haw Shauk Chan and party of Shan State (North) Special Region-1 donated K100,000 for the National Convention. \\ Chairman Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt of the National Convention Convening Commission inspected the preparations. (NLM 1/12) Convention Resumes Plenary Session Jan. 18: The National Convention Plenary Session resumed, with 668 of 696 delegates present. An opening address [see below] was given by Commission Chairman Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt, and a "clarification" [see below] by Convening Work Committee Chairman U Aung Toe. Group discussions will begin at the Kyaikkasan Grounds on Jan. 21. Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt's Speech Jan. 18: The following is the opening address by Chairman of the National Convention Convening Commission Lt- Gen. Myo Nyunt at the resumption of the National Convention Plenary Session [full text]: Esteemed delegates to the National Convention, First of all I would like to express a hearty welcome to you with great pleasure at seeing you all present at the plenary session of the National Convention that is reconvened now. As you have been able to take time, discuss relevant matters comprehensively and present proposals, it has been possible to lay down principles to serve as basis in formulating State fundamental principles for drafting the State Constitution at the plenary meeting of the National Convention held on 16 September 1993, just as it has been possible to discuss, coordinate and lay down necessary chapterwise headings at the National Convention. We are convening the National Convention and through discussions seeking positive ideas to get detailed proposals relating to principles to serve as basis chapterwise in drawing up the State Constitution, getting together on the same plane with political parties' delegates, representative-elect delegates, national races delegates, peasant delegates, worker delegates, intellectuals and intelligentsia delegates and other invited persons. It is known to all the delegates that it is to get good ideas like that, that we are holding the National Convention. This is an endeavour made with noble and true goodwill by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. We being of an organ assigned by the State Law and Order Restoration Council are discussing, coordinating and consulting with all esteem with the delegates worthy of it as ones travelling on the same boat on the same journey, so to say, for building the new democratic State with aims at entire national consolidation. Accordingly, all delegate groups who have come to attend and carry out duties at the National Convention at the invitation of the National Convention Convening Commission are working hand in hand with mutual respect for one another, all with integrity and dignity, without discrimination as to which is, or which is not, of importance. Esteemed delegates, If I am to appraise the present situation, it is a very delicate time of the State Law and Order Restoration Council's endeavours directed at achieving total national consolidation. The State Law and Order Restoration Council during the time of its taking responsibility of the State has achieved extraordinary success in the realms of the State's security, economic, social, education, health fields, preservation of national culture and especially development of border areas and the improvement of roads and communications in the whole country, as all can see for themselves and it is needless to elaborate. In the matter of national consolidation that is in the political forefront, too, it has been specially successful. Lack of peace and security in areas of insurgency that had prolonged its evil existence all along in the over 45 years of national independence has come to an end and the great majority of the areas of the country has become peaceful and tranquil. We have to continue endeavours to bring peace and tranquillity sooner or later to the remaining areas as well. The time has come for all national brethren to join hands and strive together to bring full and complete peace and tranquillity in the entire country that we love and built it up to become a developed modern nation. So, at such a time when efforts are being made with priority for organization to achieve the peak of political solidarity for the State, all national races, and all organizations, inclusive of the National Convention delegates, are urged to give utmost priority only to the interests of the State, without placing their individual or group interests to the fore. At the National Convention, the delegates have discussed and proposed points contributing towards principles to serve as basis in formulating State fundamental principles in drafting the State Constitution. They still have to carry on with discussion and coordination on the specific details chapterwise to expound these basic principles succinctly and completely. In the course of such discussions and coordination, there can be concurrence or divergence of opinions. In such cases it is important not to be resentful about the divergence of views from one's own. What is important is whether a thought or a view, no matter if it is one's own or of others, is contributory to the interests of the nation and practicable. Only those thoughts and ways capable of serving primary interests of the national people to the highest degree most practicably should be sought. Today, in our Union, there are many national races living closely together. We find that with their further awakening and development, the national races have a growing desire to administer affairs in their areas by themselves. So, we all must, with magnanimity, help all round for the national races that conform to the prescribed basic principles to get due standard of self-administration. Now up for discussion at the National Convention are the chapter headings namely the State, State structure and the Head of State. The delegates are to discuss and propose the required details, not losing sight of but in keeping with, the already obtained basic principles. In connection with the State structure, it is important to keep Our Three Main National Causes as its content and essence. It is vitally important to further strengthen the Union. It is necessary for the Union's constituent Regions and States to keep the Union steadfast and build it as a fine, grand, modernised, advanced and strong nation amidst many nations of the world. It is specially necessary for all of them to be constituent parts serving, and in no way harming, the interests of the Union. In connection with the heading 'Head of State' for further discussion at the National Convention, as basic principles have already been obtained for designating the President as the Head of State and having the system of executive headed by the President, the delegates will have to discuss and coordinate such specific details as what should be the qualifications required of the President of the Union, who would elect the President of the Union and what should be the rights and responsibilities of the President of the Union and so on. In connection with the executive system of the State, to mention some significant points worthy of note, it must be observed that today, unlike in the past, communications and transportation are advancing extremely rapidly in the world. All over the world, in political, economic, social and military spheres, things are happening, changing, at a fast pace, by the minute, by the hour. An active and dynamic executive machinery is truly needed for protecting our own national interests in accord with the changes in the international sphere. Specifically, the future administrative system needs to be advanced and dynamic for perpetuating national sovereignty, safeguarding integrity of territorial land, sea and air space and preventing any harm to national interests and national integrity. As it is highly necessary for a system of executive headed by the President to be active and dynamic, to be able to safeguard the nation in accord with rapid changes in international situation, we Tatmadaw member representatives too will be doing our best helping carry out duties that befit us in electing the President of the Union. The reason behind the necessity to provide help in this way lies in the aim to enable promoting and safeguarding of national interests, keeping pace with time, as international affairs move rapidly and affect our national interests to a greater or lesser degree as I have explained just then. As relevant in passing, I would like to speak a little on third of Our Three Main National Causes--perpetuation of sovereignty. A point of greatest importance for the country is 'perpetuation of sovereignty'. No one should in any way weaken or jeopardize the sovereignty of the State. We cannot accept any act harming sovereignty in any way. Just as we cannot stand any harm by any force outside, we cannot stand any harm by traitors from within. National sovereignty that belongs to the people is supreme and so it must be wielded by the central authority in accord with the Constitution. So it is necessary for other organs to exercise their rights so as not to encroach upon the rights of the central authority. In truth, all of us, all national races have the responsibility to reverently hold high and safeguard, even at risk of our lives, the perpetuation of the sovereignty of the State which belongs to and which is revered by all the national races. Esteemed delegates, The situation around us we are witnessing today is showing us valuable lessons for our way ahead. It is as if the situations are alerting us to be on guard. Even today, some opposed to national interests are still attempting to grab power through shortcuts. It is a time when they are lashing out with false accusations against the State, with utterly malevolent outlook, turning a blind eye to the objective situation of progress in the nation. Although other nations' governmental organizations, in keeping with international codes of conduct, refrain from interfering in our internal affairs, we are hearing today some imperialist subservient organizations interfering and meddling in others' internal affairs. If the danger of devious interferences of that neo-colonialist group and those acting against national interests are to be ignored, it will be tantamount to sheer irresponsibility on the part of the one ignoring it. Esteemed delegates, The six objectives that we must unwaveringly aim at in convening the National Convention are: -- Non-disintegration of the Union; -- Non-disintegration of national solidarity; -- Perpetuation of sovereignty; -- Flourishing of genuine multiparty democracy system; -- Further burgeoning of the noblest and worthiest of worldly values namely justice, liberty and equality in the State; -- For the Tatmadaw to be able to participate in the national political leadership role of the State. In conclusion, I would like to urge you, esteemed delegates, to keep the six objectives always in mind and strive for the emergence of the State Constitution fully endowed with them, and especially, to discuss and coordinate matters to get good ideas and thoughts for the State, drawing from their rich store of wisdom to further enliven the essence of the already coordinated and obtained 104 principles to serve as basis in formulating State fundamental principles. (NLM 1/19) Clarification by U Aung Toe Jan. 18: The following "clarification" was given at the opening of the renewed Plenary Session of the National Convention by Chairman of the National Convention Convening Work Committee U Aung Toe [full text]: Esteemed Chairman and delegates to the National Convention, I extend my greetings to the delegates of the National Convention with best wishes for their wellbeing both in mind and body and all auspiciousness. As the delegates to the National Convention know, principles to serve as basis in formulating State fundamental principles have already been laid down. I have also explained at the Plenary Session of the National Convention held on 16 September 1993 how to carry on with the work in connection with these principles so laid down. It has been explained it will proceed as follows: -- of those basic principles, relevant ones are to be taken as basis in discussing basic principles in respective chapters; -- of those basic principles, those that should be mentioned in the Preamble of the State Constitution should be mentioned also in that Preamble; -- principles concerning the State are to be mentioned separately in the chapter heading "The State"; -- likewise, principles concerning respective chapters are to be transferred to respective chapters when discussions are held for those respective chapters; -- principles concerning the chapter "State fundamental principles" are to be retained in the chapter on State fundamental principles. Esteemed Chairman, The principles to serve as basis in drawing up the Constitution constitute the very life, the key, the essence of the State Constitution. Now we have already obtained chapter headings so as to be orderly in writing the State Constitution. We have also obtained principles to serve as basis in connection with these chapter headings. So the delegates will be going on to detailed discussions on principles to serve as basis in respective chapter headings in accord with the programme I have just presented and within the framework of the six objectives of the National Convention. Esteemed Chairman, At the Plenary Session of the National Convention held on 7 June 1993, while explaining matters in connection with the laying down of State fundamental principles, I expressed the wish for the delegates to deal only with the main points and leave the details for future discussions on respective chapter headings. Where relevant, I would like to speak of some points we have learnt from the constitutions of Myanmar and other countries so the delegates could ponder from all aspects in detailed discussions under respective chapter headings and get ideas and views that are in agreement with Myanmar's natural geographical conditions, history and prevailing political, economic, social, cultural and other situations. Esteemed Chairman, I would like to clarify points in connection with the chapters on the State, State Structure and Head of State which are contiguous in discussions on chapters of the Constitution. [The State] In connection with the State, the basic principles laid down are -- (1) Myanmar Naing-Ngan is a sovereign, independent nation; (2) the State shall be known as Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw. (3) sovereign power of the State is derived from the citizens and is in force in the whole country; (4) the territorial boundary of the State is as it is on the day this State Constitution comes into force. The basic principles laid down in connection with 'the State' will be included in the chapter "The State". In addition to these, there are more basic principles to be included in detail. They are to be further discussed and proposed by the delegates. [State Structure] Esteemed Chairman, In connection with the State Structure, the basic principles laid down are -- (1) the State is constituted by Pyidaungsu (Union) system; (2) the existing seven divisions are designated seven regions and the existing seven states are designated seven states. Those seven regions and seven states are of equal status and authority; (3) the names of those seven regions and seven states are retained as they are at present; (4) if it is desired to change the name of a region or a state, it shall be done with enactment of law after ascertaining the wishes of citizens residing in the region or state concerned; (5) in regions or states, self-administered areas are to be prescribed for national races who reside together in communities on the same common stretches of land in appropriate sizes of population, other than national races who have already got regions or states; (6) depending on size of population and inhabited area, they are to be prescribed as self-administered divisions or self-administered zones as suitable. A commission responsible for prescribing so is to be formed by the State; (7) no part of the territory of the Union, namely regions, states and self-administered areas etc. shall ever secede from the Union. These basic principles constitute the main essence in connection with the State structure. If there are more basic principles that should be included in detail within these basic principles, they are to be further discussed and proposed by the delegates in their discussion on the chapter of the State Structure. Esteemed Chairman, In connection with State Structure, it has been also laid down that -- -- the existing seven divisions are designated seven regions and the existing seven states are designated seven states. Those seven regions and seven states are of equal status and authority; -- the names of those seven regions and seven states are retained as they are at present. In accord with these principles, it is laid down, in connection with the names and designation of regions and states, that -- (1) The following are designated as regions and states in the nation -- -- Kachin State -- Kayah State -- Kayin State -- Chin State -- Sagaing Region -- Tanintharyi Region -- Bago Region -- Magway Region -- Mandalay Region -- Mon State -- Rakhine State -- Yangon Region -- Shan State -- Ayeyarwady Region (2) Regions and States are of equal status and authority. [Self-Administered Areas] Esteemed Chairman, Among basic principles on State Structure I have just presented, the following principles have been laid down for self-administered areas: -- in regions or states, self-administered areas are to be prescribed for national races who reside together in communities on the same common stretches of land in appropriate sizes of population, other than national races who have already got regions or states; -- depending on size of population and inhabited area, they are to be prescribed as self-administered divisions or self-administered zones as suitable. -- A commission responsible for prescribing so is to be formed by the State. Esteemed Chairman, As basic principles have been so laid down to prescribe self-administered divisions or self-administered zones as necessary depending on sizes of population of respective nationals and contiguity of stretches of inhabited land, there arise situations for prescribing self-administered divisions or self-administered zones. In Regions or States, in addition to national races who have got their own Regions or States, there are other national races as well. Some national races have appropriate populations and are found to be residing close together on the same stretches of land. The National Convention has laid down the basic principle to prescribe self-administered division or self-administered zone on the basis of size of population and area of land of those nationals. Esteemed Chairman, The delegates are to discuss and propose how it should be differentiated between self-administered divisions and self-administered zones. As the self-administered divisions will have legislative powers, executive powers and judicial powers as prescribed by the State Constitution, there should be districts and townships in the self-administered division. Though the self-administered division is not as high in status as Region or State, it will be higher in status than the districts in the Region or State. Self-administered zones, though not as high in status as self-administered divisions, will not be lower in status than districts. It is found that such an area should be prescribed close together in that area. In connection with prescribing of self-administered divisions or self-administered zones, a basic principle had been laid down that if there arises occasion to prescribe a self-administered division or a self-administered zone the State is to set up a commission to proceed as necessary. The State's setting up a commission for prescribing self-administered divisions or self-administered zones is a procedural matter. The will to act for the national brethren to get their due rights expeditiously is bound to be unanimous in all the delegates to the National Convention. Accordingly, if the National Convention delegates themselves discuss and prescribe right away as to which national races should get self-administered divisions and which should get self-administered zones, which areas should be designated for which national races, in connection with national races who deserve self-administered divisions or self-administered zones, instead of having the State set up a commission to do so, the nationals concerned will be pleased and it will further consolidate national unity. So, we would like the delegates to discuss and give their suggestions whether or not it will be appropriate to determine right away where self-administered divisions or self-administered zones should be prescribed in which regions or states, for the national races, who conform to the basic principles already laid down, from among national races other than those who have already got regions or states. [Administrative Divisions] Esteemed Chairman, It will be necessary to lay down basic principles under the chapter heading of 'The State Structure' to determine how to organize the Union of Myanmar, exclusive or self-administered divisions and self-administered zones. According to the 1974 Constitution, villages are organized as village-tracts, wards are organized as towns, village-tracts, wards and towns are organized as townships, townships are organized as states or divisions, and states and divisions are organized as the Union. The State Law and Order Restoration Council, since its taking over State power, has designated ward and village-tract level, township level, district level and State or Division level to enable State organizations to have easy and speedy communications and to exercise close supervision on the different stages of functioning of the State. So, in connection with the State Structure, the following principles should be laid down to serve as basis in organizing the Union -- -- villages are organized into village-tract, -- wards are organized into town or township, -- village-tracts and wards or towns are organized into township, -- townships are organized into district, -- districts are organized into region or state, -- in a self-administered zone townships therein are organized into the self-administered zone, -- in a self-administered division townships therein are organized into districts and these districts are organized into self-administered division, -- if there be self-administered division or self-administered zone in a region or a state, the self-administered division, self-administered zone and districts are organized into region or state, -- regions and states are organized as the Union. A principle to serve as basis in formulating State fundamental principles has been laid down to the effect that "no part of the territory of the Union, namely regions, states and self-administered areas etc. shall ever secede from the Union". This principle is to be included in chapter heading of 'The State Structure'. [Boundary Changes] Esteemed Chairman, In the chapter on the State Structure, there are still basic principles that need to be laid down after detailed discussions and suggestions on the following: (1) how to proceed if it becomes necessary to re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Union, (2) how to proceed if there arises cause to re-delineate the boundary of a region or a state, (3) how to proceed if there arises need for changes in boundary, organization or name of village, village-tract, ward, town and township within a region, state, self-administered division, or self-administered zone. So, delegates are to discuss and propose how it should be done if it becomes necessary to deal with the said boundary matters, with aims at the interests of the State. The National Convention Convening Work Committee too would like to present proposals on the basis of studies from all aspects. Esteemed Chairman, In proposing ways to proceed if it becomes necessary to re-delineate boundaries in the interests of the State, it is necessary to refer to some of the basic principles laid down in connection with the legislature. So I will mention these principles as well. One principle is that there will be Pyidaungsu Hluttaw consisting of two Hluttaws--one Hluttaw with equal number of representatives elected from regions and states and the other one elected on the basis of population. To lead these Hluttaws, there will be leading personalities. Esteemed Chairman, If there arises need to re-delineate the territorial boundaries of the Union, first of all the President of the State should inform the head of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to seek the wishes of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw on the matter of re-delineating the territorial boundary of the State. Thereafter, for the purpose of re-delineating the territorial boundary of the Union, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should seek the wishes of Hluttaw representatives as follows: (1) assenting votes of more than half the total number of representatives included in the Hluttaw with equal number of representatives elected from regions and states, (2) assenting votes of more than half the total number of representatives included in the Hluttaw elected on the basis of population, (3) assenting votes of more than half the number of representatives from the region or state involving the boundary concerned in the two Hluttaws. The delegates are to discuss and propose whether or not a basic principle should be laid down for the President of the Union to re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Union if the assenting votes are obtained in accord with the ways so prescribed. A way is also submitted for the delegates to discuss and propose whether or not a basic principle should be laid down to seek the attitude of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, if one of the Hluttaws or the representatives from the region or state involving the boundary concerned in the two Hluttaws return a negative decision, and for the President of the Union to re-delineate the territorial boundary if it is supported by three-fourths and upwards of the total number of representatives in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. Esteemed Chairman, I will go on to submit how steps should be taken if there arises cause to re-delineate the boundary of a region or a state. If there arises cause to re-delineate the boundary of a region or a state, first of all the wishes of voters residing in the area involved in the re-delineation of the boundary ought to be sought. Without the supporting vote of more than half the total number of eligible voters residing in that area, re-delineation of the boundary should not be effected at all. If more than half the total number of eligible voters in that area vote in support of the re-delineation of the boundary, then the wishes of the involved region or state Hluttaw representatives are to be sought. It is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down that, upon getting the supporting vote of three fourths and upwards of the total number of involved region or state Hluttaw representatives, and after getting the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the President of the Union shall re-delineate the boundary of a region or a state. It is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down to seek the decision of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if an involved region or state Hluttaw passes a decision against re-delineation of boundary, and for the President of the Union to re-delineate the boundary of the region or state if it is supported by three fourths and upwards of the total number of representatives in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. Esteemed Chairman, There is cause for possible changes in boundary, organization or name of a village, village-tract, ward, town, township and district in a region, state, self-administered division or self-administered zone. It is to be proposed how to proceed if such an occasion arises. These are just local affairs. So it is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down for the region or state executive authority to submit its recommendation to the President of the Union if occasion arises to make such changes in boundary, organization or name, and for the President of the Union to act as necessary. Esteemed Chairman, It has been laid down as a basic principle that if it is desired to change the name of a region or a state, it shall be done so after seeking the wishes of citizens residing in that region or state and enacting a law. So this principle is to be stated as it is under the chapter heading "State Structure". Further, it is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down also to proceed as above if an occasion arises to change the name of a self-administered division or self-administered zone. [Status of Yangon & Special Areas] Esteemed Chairman, At the time of discussions by delegate groups on principles to serve as basis in formulating State fundamental principles, there was in one group a suggestion that a basic principle should be laid down to keep the capital of the State as a separately administered area, without placing it under the administration of any region or state. This suggestion should be considered seriously now at the time of discussions on the State Structure. As a basic principle has already been laid down that the State shall be constituted with seven regions and seven states, it will be necessary to include one among the basic principles under the chapter heading 'State Structure' if the capital of the State is to be prescribed as separately administered Union territory. So, it is necessary to discuss the State Capital under the chapter heading 'State Structure" although it is originally scheduled to be discussed later under the chapter heading "State Flag, Emblem, National Anthem and the State Capital'. In international practice, the city where the Central Government is based is designated as the State Capital and in some nations it is under direct administration of the President or the Central Government. In Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw, too, if Yangon as the seat of Central Government is to be designated as the State Capital, the delegates are to discuss and propose whether or not to lay down a basic principle to designate Yangon a Union territory under the administration of the President of the Union and not under control of Yangon Region. If Yangon is to be placed under direct administration of the President of the Union, it will be necessary to discuss and lay down basic principles in connection with legislative, executive and judicial powers concerning Yangon under relevant chapters. Moreover, the delegates are to discuss and propose whether or not to lay down a basic principle to prescribe areas of special situation like Cocogyun Township as Union territory under the direct administration of the President of the Union. They are also to discuss and propose whether or not to prescribe areas of special situation in connection with defence and security, administration and economy of the whole Union as Union territories under direct administration of the President, enacting laws if necessary in future. [Head of State] Esteemed Chairman, I have clarified points that should be discussed in detail in connection with the chapter 'The State' and the chapter 'The State Structure'. I will go on, to speak of the basic principles for the chapter 'The Head of State' laid down by the plenary session of the National Convention. They are -- (1) the head of State is the President of the Union, (2) the President of the Union shall be elected by presidential electoral college. Based on the principle that the Head of State is the President of the Union, detailed discussions should be held to lay down basic principles regarding the President's position, qualifications and responsibilities, election by presidential electoral college, term of office, impeachment, and so on. As a basic principle has been laid down that the President of the State shall be elected by a presidential electoral college, it becomes necessary to discuss such matters as how to form a presidential electoral college, who should be included in it, how to elect the President of the Union and so on and lay down detailed principles involved in the two said principles. So, I will continue to present some points which should be taken into consideration in connection with the President of the Union who is Head of State. Esteemed Chairman, In some nations, the president of the State who is Head of State is just a honorary figure-head but in others, the President of the State is also head of the executive. According to the basic principles laid down in connection with the head of State, the President of our nation will be one who can exercise full executive power. So, the President of the Union is like the nation's banner and must be a national leader on whom the people of the nation can rely. For thorough scrutiny and selection of a person who will be taking up such an extremely important responsibility of the State, qualifications necessary for the office have to be prescribed fully and precisely. So, in addition to prescribing a basic principle that the Head of State is the President of the Union, it is to be discussed and proposed for laying down the following as basic principles -- -- the President of the Union represents the nation; -- the President of the Union is the national leader of the citizenry; -- the President of the Union occupies a position of highest honour in the whole of the Union of Myanmar. [Qualifications of President] I would like to suggest further suggestions on qualifications the President of the Union should possess. It is necessary for the President of the Union, as the national leader of the State, to be a person who can achieve brilliantly in striving for non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity, perpetuation of sovereignty and progress and prosperity of the nation; and for that it is necessary for the President to be a person who can skilfully, effectively and resolutely manage affairs of the State, political, administrative, economic, military, etc. So, a basic principle should be laid down to prescribe these as qualifications a President should possess. Moreover, the President of the Union, as one to lead the State, needs to be loyal to the State and the citizenry. so, a basic principle should be laid down to include a necessary qualification that the President of the Union shall be a person who is loyal to the State and the citizenry. [Citizenship of President] Esteemed Chairman, It is found explicitly prescribed in the Constitutions of most nations that the President of the State shall be a person who was born in the country concerned of parents both of whom are citizens. In the Constitution of the United States of America, it is found prescribed that the one to serve as the President shall be a person who was born of parents, both being American citizens, who has fully attained the age of thirty-five years and who has been residing in the United States of America for at least 14 years. In the Constitution of the Philippines, it is found prescribed that the one who wishes to stand for election as President needs to be a citizen of the Philippines who was born of parents, both being citizens of the Philippines. In the Constitution of Indonesia, it is prescribed that a prerequisite for the President of Indonesia is to be a citizen of Indonesia born of parents both of whom are Indonesian nationals. Esteemed Chairman, In the Constitution of some countries it is prescribed explicitly that one must be born in the country to be eligible to stand for election as President of that country. In our country too, it is found that in connection with the citizenship of the President of the Union, a basic principle should be laid down that "the President of the Union must be a citizen of Myanmar who was, and both of whose parents were, born in the territory under the powers of the State, belonging to the nationality of Myanmar." In connection with the age limit for the Presidency, it is found that the lowest age limit is prescribed as 35 in the Constitution of Bangladesh, 45 in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, 40 in the Constitution of Egypt, 35 in the Constitution of India, and 45 in the Constitution of Pakistan. As the President of the Union should be a person rich in political, administrative, economic and military experience in our country, it is found that one elected the President of the Union should be at least 45 years of age. So it is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down that the age of one elected the President of the Union of our country must be at least fully 45 years old. Furthermore, the President of the Union should be a person who possesses qualifications prescribed specifically for the office, in addition to the qualifications required to stand for election to the Hluttaw. Such requirements are prescribed in the Constitutions of Bangladesh, People's Republic of China, India, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. It is provided under Section 49 Sub-section (ii) of the 1947 Constitution of the Union of Myanmar: "No person shall be eligible for election to the office of President unless he is qualified for election to the Union Parliament." So, we would like the delegates to discuss and propose on the matter of stipulating a qualification that the President of the State "shall possess specific qualifications required of the President of the Union in addition to qualifications required to stand for election" to the Hluttaw. To go on, it is found prescribed in some of the constitutions stipulating for how long a person must have been residing continuously in the home country to be eligible for election to the Presidency. As the President is the national leader and the Head of State, a person who is to serve as one needs to have continuous knowledge of the country's political, administrative, economic, social and nationalities affairs, etc. Then only will he be effective in providing leadership to the State. So, a basic principle should be laid down that the President of the Union shall be a person who has been residing continuously in the country for at least 20 years up to the time of the election. [Family of President] Esteemed Chairman, It may be recalled that, because of traitors, Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw had fallen into servitude of the British colonialists for more than 100 years and the people had had to suffer bitter experiences. Moreover, after Independence too, because of traitors like that, conditions had worsened almost to the point of losing Independence and sovereignty and the country had had to be safeguarded by the Tatmadaw in time, such instances being prominently visible. So, the President of the Union, who is to serve as the Head of State and national leader, should especially be loyal to the State and citizens. Moreover, in order that the people can have complete trust and confidence, without so much as a doubt, in the President of the Union, not only the President but also members of the President's family must necessarily be ones loyal to the State and the citizens. For a person to be qualified for election to the office of the President of the Union, it is most necessary that the person, spouse, children and their spouses do not owe allegiance to foreign power, must not be subject or citizen of foreign power, must not be persons entitled to the rights and privileges of a subject or citizen of a foreign power. Esteemed Chairman, As a safeguard against any external intervention in the internal affairs of the State, it was prescribed in Section 74, Sub-section 1(i) of the 1947 Constitution that any person who is under and acknowledgement of allegiance or adherence to a foreign power, or is a subject or citizen or entitled to the rights and privileges of a subject or a citizen of a foreign power shall be disqualified for being chosen as and for being a member of either Chamber. A similar provision is also found in Section 10, Sub-section (e) of the Pyithu Hluttaw Election enacted in 1989. So, a basic principle should be laid down to stipulate as presented above as a qualification in election of the President of the Union. If there are other qualifications that should be added, they are to be discussed and proposed. [Electoral College] Esteemed Chairman, Other than legislative and judiciary, the rest are executive functions. A basic principle has been laid down that the President of the Union, who will be undertaking heavy responsibilities as the national leader of the State, the Head of State and the chief executive of the State, shall be elected by presidential electoral college. So, it is to be further discussed and proposed how to form the presidential electoral college and how it is to elect the President of the Union. It is found from studies that presidential electoral colleges are formed in conformity with the history, political conditions and other situations of the nations concerned. In the constitutions of the United States of America, Indonesia, India and Pakistan-- among nations that practise the system of electing the President by presidential electoral college--it is found that electoral colleges suited to the conditions of the nations are formed for election of presidents. Esteemed Chairman, We have to elect the President of the Union in conformity with our country's history, political conditions and in accord with the six objectives of the National Convention. In doing so, it is found that, without separately electing the presidential electoral college, all representatives in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should be designated as members of the presidential electoral college and organized into three groups. Group (1) should be formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw with equal numbers of representatives elected from regions and states; Group (2) should be formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in Hluttaw elected on the basis of population; Group (3) should be formed with Tatmadaw member Hluttaw representatives nominated as such by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services for the said two Hluttaws. [Three Vice Presidents as Candidates] As the President of our Union is a national leader and head of executive of the State, the responsibility of the President is extremely great. Whatever the system, in quite a number of countries, there are elected second executive heads to assist persons serving as head of executive of the State. In our country too, it is necessary to elect Vice-Presidents to assist the President of the Union that is the head of executive of the Union. So, each of the three groups of the presidential electoral college is to elect a Vice-President from among Hluttaw representatives or from among persons who are not Hluttaw representatives. The Vice-Presidents will be candidates for the Presidency as well. Whether or not these Vice-Presidents possess the qualifications prescribed for the President of the Union should be scrutinized by a body that includes the leaders and the deputy leaders of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and the two Hluttaws. Then all members of the presidential electoral college, that is, all Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives are to elect by vote any Vice-President of choice as the President of the Union. Delegates are to propose whether or not to practise the system of electing the highest number of votes as the President of the Union. If this system is practised, there will be a President and two Vice-Presidents in our country and they will be able to carry out their responsibilities well. It will be necessary to lay down a basic principle for enacting law necessary for electing the President of the Union. Basic principles should also be discussed, proposed and laid down on such matters--after election of the President and Vice-Presidents--as their terms of office, monthly allowances and insignias, responsibilities, linkage with Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, impeachment etc. [Terms] Esteemed Chairman, As there is the system of executive headed by the president of the Union with full powers to be practised in our country, it is necessary to prescribe appropriate terms of office for the President and Vice-Presidents to carry on with their responsibilities and functions without any letup in momentum. Moreover, it should be considered whether or not to stipulate that a person must not serve more than certain number of terms in the office of the Presidency. In connection with this, I would like to present some provisions in the constitutions of some countries of the world. In the People's Republic of China, the President has a five-year term and shall not serve more than two consecutive terms. In Egypt, the President has a six-year term and there is no limit to re-election. In Indonesia, the President has a five-year term and there is no limit to re-election. In India, the President has a five-year term and there is no limit to re-election. In Pakistan, the President has a five-year term and shall not serve more than two consecutive terms. In the Philippines, the President has a six-year term and has no right to re-election. In Sri Lanka, the President has a six-year term and shall not be elected for more than two times. In the United States of America, the President has a four-year term and shall not be elected for more than two terms. It is to be considered how to set the term of office of the President suitable to our country. In order to catch up and keep up with other countries in economy, administration, social progress etc, we will have to make all-out endeavours. So it is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down that in order to take time and carry out works of interest to the State and the citizenry, the term of office of the President and the Vice-President should be prescribed as five years, that the President and the Vice-Presidents carry on in office till the time the new President and Vice-Presidents are duly elected, after expiry of incumbent terms, and that there shall be no right to serve in the office of the President for more than two terms. Moreover, it should be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down that if for some reason the post of President or Vice-President becomes vacant, and some one is elected to fill the vacancy, the term of office of that person shall be only up to the end of the original term of office. [Presidential Incompatibilities] Esteemed Chairman, I have earlier presented matters concerning election of President and Vice-Presidents with the electoral college electing qualified ones from among Hluttaw representatives or from among others who are not Hluttaw representatives. In case a Hluttaw representative is elected President or Vice-President there arises a matter for consideration. In laying down basic principles for the drafting of the Constitution, the Convention has laid down the principle for separate exercise of legislative, executive and judicial powers. So, if the electoral college elects Hluttaw representative as President or Vice-President and if the elected person is going to serve as President or Vice-President as well as Hluttaw representative concurrently at the same time it will not be in accord withy the principle of separation of the three powers. Moreover, as the President and Vice-Presidents are national leaders, they should during their terms of office strive for national politics, instead of party politics, so if they are members of a political party, it necessary for them not to participate in respective party activities. It is found prescribed in 1947 Constitution Section 47 Sub-section (1) that the President shall not be a member of either Chamber of Parliament and in Sub-section (2) that if a member of either Chamber of Parliament be elected President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that chamber. So, we would like the delegates to discuss and propose whether or not basic principles should be laid down as follows: -- the President and Vice-President shall not be representatives of any Hluttaw, -- if a Hluttaw representative be elected President or Vice-President, this person shall be deemed to have resigned from his seat in the Hluttaw, and if a service personnel be elected President or Vice-President, the person shall be deemed to have retired from the date of such election, -- if a person elected President or Vice-President happens to be member of a political party, this person shall not participate in party activities of that party organization, from the date of such election, during the term of office. Esteemed Chairman, The President or Vice-Presidents have to take oaths of office before they assume their responsibilities. Our President and Vice-Presidents too should assume their responsibilities of office only after taking oaths of office before the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives. As to how they should take the oaths of office is usually prescribed in the Constitutions. So it is to be discussed and proposed as to how they should take oaths of office. The President of the Union and Vice-Presidents being persons who have to undertake great responsibilities of the State, wield great influence. Measures should be taken to prevent other organizations from offering office or position of emolument to make use of their influences. So, we would like the delegates to discuss and propose whether or not a basic principle should be laid down for the President of the Union and Vice-Presidents not to accept any other office or position of emolument. Esteemed Chairman, The President of the Union, being the Head of State having the right to exercise full authority, and the Vice-Presidents having to undertake great responsibilities in the State, are to win confidence and trust of the public. The delegates are asked to discuss and propose whether or not a basic principle should be laid down requiring the President of the Union and the Vice-Presidents to furnish lists of assets namely family owned land, houses, buildings, businesses, savings and other valuables--stating their values--belonging to the respective families led by them and send them to the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, so that the public will not entertain any doubt about the President of the Union and the Vice Presidents. The President of the Union and the Vice-Presidents should each be entitled to enjoy the emolument and insignia of office, in accord with law. Moreover, each of them should be entitled to have a suitable residence. So, we would like the delegates to discuss and propose whether or not a basic principle should be laid down to extend in accord with law emoluments and insignia of position and suitable residences for the President and the Vice-Presidents. Responsibilities and rights of the President of the Union or the Vice-Presidents will duly be included in the chapters concerned of the State Constitution and other laws. So, a basic principle should be laid down requiring the President of the Union and the Vice-Presidents to exercise responsibilities and rights assigned and vested by the Constitution and other laws. [Impeachment] Esteemed Chairman, So far I have presented points for the delegates to discuss and give suggestions to lay down basic principles for election of the President of the Union and the Vice-Presidents and for some of the responsibilities to be undertaken by them. Legislative, executive and judicial powers are to be exercised separately as required by the principle of separation of powers but there must be check and balance among these. The President of the Union who is the head of executive and the Vice-Presidents are to conduct themselves compatibly with their positions and responsibilities. Basic principles should be discussed, proposed and laid down for impeachment of the President of the Union or the Vice-Presidents in case of any violation. In the Constitution of the United States of America, it is provided that there is right to impeach the President or Vice-President for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. In the Constitution of Bangladesh, it is provided that to impeach the President for violation of the Constitution or for gross misconduct no less than two-thirds of the Members of Parliament are to sign it and send it to the Speaker of the House. It is also provided in the Constitution of Egypt that to impeach the President if he commits treason or any crimes at least one third of the Members of Parliament are to table a motion and if it is not confirmed by two-thirds of the Members of Parliament, the motion is not passed. Here, in our country too, we would like the esteemed delegates to discuss and propose whether or not a basic principle should be laid down for impeachment of the President or a Vice-President for any of the following-- 1. Treason, 2. Violation of the State Constitution, 3. Misconduct. It should also be considered how to proceed if it becomes necessary to impeach the President or a Vice-President. If there arises cause to impeach the President or a Vice-President for all or any of the said three offences, a proposal in writing signed by not less that one fourth the total membership of any of the two Hluttaws included in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is to be submitted to the leader of that Hluttaw. Only when supported by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw concerned, further action is to be taken. When a charge has been preferred by one Hluttaw, the other Hluttaw shall investigate the charge or cause the charge to be investigated by a body. The President or Vice-President should have the right to appear and to be represented at the investigation of the charge and be given chance to refute it. If, as a result of the investigation, a resolution be passed, supported by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Hluttaw by which the charge was investigated or caused to be investigated, declaring that the charge has been sustained and that the offence, the subject of the charge, was such as to render the President or Vice-President unfit to continue in office, that Hluttaw should submit it to the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to remove the President or Vice-President from office. Immediately thereupon, the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should proceed to proclaim removal of the President or Vice-President from office. It is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down to proceed that way. Esteemed Chairman, The President or the Vice-Presidents are national leaders as well as leaders of the Union. So, during their tenure, they should be given protection against being prosecuted on a charge filed in a way other than in accord with provisions of the Constitution. Only then will they be in a position to execute their functions boldly. So, it is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down that during their terms of office there shall be no prosecution against the President or the Vice-Presidents other than impeachment in accord with provisions of the Constitution. [Vacancy in Presidency] Esteemed Chairman, The President or Vice-President should have the right to resign from office of their own volition before the expiry of the term of office. A basic principle should be laid down on how to proceed if the post of the President falls vacant due to his resignation, death, inability to discharge the powers and duties of the office or any other cause. In such a case, it will be necessary for one of the two Vice-Presidents who has won second highest votes in the presidential election to serve as Acting President so as not to have interruption in the presidential activities. If such a matter comes up, it becomes necessary to elect a new President. If the vacancy comes about while Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the Acting President should promptly inform the leader of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for filling it within seven days. On receipt of the intimation, the leader of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should move for electing of a Vice-President by the electoral college which had elected the Vice-President who later got elected President but has now vacated the Presidency. After election of a new Vice-President there will be altogether three Vice-Presidents out which one is to be elected to the office of President in accord with the wishes of the representatives of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. If the vacancy comes about at a time when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the leader of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should summon a Hluttaw session within 21 days from the date of receipt of the intimation from the Acting President, and carry on for filling the vacant Presidency in the way just explained. So, it is to be discussed and proposed as necessary for laying down a basic principle for holding election to a vacant Presidency. [Vacancy in Vice-Presidency] Esteemed Chairman, Continuing, I would like to present for consideration what should be done when the post of a Vice-President falls vacant. If the post of a Vice-President falls vacant due to resignation, death, removal from office, permanent disability or due to any other cause while Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the electoral college which has elected that Vice-President should promptly inform the leader of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for filling the vacancy within seven days. If such a vacancy comes about when Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the leader of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw should summon Hluttaw session within 21 days from receipt of the intimation for the electoral college concerned to elect a new Vice-President. It is to be discussed and proposed whether or not a basic principle should be laid down for filling the vacancy of a Vice-President. Esteemed Chairman and delegates to the National Convention, I have only presented some basic principles in connection with the chapters on 'The State', 'State Structure' and 'Head of State' for your consideration, discussion and proposals. The delegates are to put forward proposals and suggestions on the principles in their relevant chapters. I have in brief explained points from the studies of the National Convention Convening Work Committee in connection with the three chapters for wider scope for consideration. If there are proposals for further additions as appropriate they are to be discussed and proposed in accord with the six objectives of the National Convention, the basic principles already laid down and the National Convention convening procedures. The delegate groups, after studying matters I have explained, are to begin group discussion on the 21st and submit proposal papers compiled chapterwise on the chapters 'The State', 'State Structure' and 'Head of State' to the National Convention Convening Work Committee in conformity with the National Convention convening procedures. With this request, I conclude. (NLM 1/19) National Convention Proceedings Jan. 21: Eight groups of National Convention Delegates Groups met at Kyaikkasan Grounds, to discuss "matters in connection with the chapters on 'The State', 'State Structure' and 'Head of State' [NLD lists principal speakers but nothing on the substance of the discussions]: Nationalities: proposal papers are to be submitted to the Panel of Chairmen on Jan. 26. Peasants: discussions will continue Jan. 31. Workers: delegates will submit proposal papers on Jan. 25 and discussions will continue Jan. 26. Intelligentsia and Intellectuals: delegates will submit proposal papers to the panel of chairmen on Jan. 26 and discussions will continue Jan. 27. State Service Personnel: met. Other Invited Persons: proposal papers were submitted. Political Parties: different parties suggested different dates for reception of proposal papers. National League for Democracy (NLD), Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD), Union Pa-Oh National Organization (UPN), Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization (MKNSO), and Kokang Democracy and Unity Party (KDUP) suggested Jan. 31; National Unity Party (NUP) suggested Feb. 1; Shan State Kokang Democratic Party (SSKDP) suggested Feb. 2; Wa National Development Party (WNDP) suggested Feb. 3; Lahu National Development Party (LNDP) and Union Kayin League (UKL) suggested Feb. 5. Representatives-elect: papers will be proposed Jan. 26 and discussion will continue Jan. 28. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 26: Workers: met and heard ten papers; others were requested by Feb. 11. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 27: Four groups--Nationalities, Workers, Other Invited Persons, and Representatives-elect, met. In the evening there was entertainment for delegates. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 28: The National Convention Convening Work Committee met, chaired by Chief Justice U Aung Toe. Two groups met. Intelligentsia and Intellectuals: heard proposal papers and will continue Feb. 4. Representatives-elect: heard two proposal papers; further papers will be heard on Feb. 2, 8, 10, and 11. (NLM 1/29) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Dec. 31: Bangladeshi Ambassador Brig. Chowdhury Khalequzzaman (Retd) called on Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min. (NLM 1/1) Jan. 3: The Bangladeshi Ambassador called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, and on Chief Justice U Aung Toe. Philippine Ambassador Rosario V. Carino called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. (NLM 1/4) Jan. 5: The Bangladeshi Ambassador called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 6: The Bangladeshi Ambassador called on Election Commission Chairman U Ba Htay, and on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. (NLM 1/7) Jan. 7: The Bangladeshi Ambassador called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint, and discussed the "reception of over 50,000 returnees who have been {given?} welfare benefits...." Australian Ambassador Stuart Hamilton Rawdon Hume called on Chairman of the SLORC National Security and Administrative Committee Lt-Gen. Phone Myint. (NLM 1/8) Jan. 10: Chinese Ambassador Liang Feng called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 1/11) Jan. 11: Bangladeshi Ambassador Brig. Chowdhury Khalequzzaman (Retd) called on Attorney-General U Tha Tun, and on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. Israeli Ambassador Mordechay Karni called on Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (NLM 1/12) Jan. 13: The Israeli Ambassador called on Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. French Ambassador Alain Briottet called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung. Japanese Ambassador Takashi Tajima called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi. (NLM 1/14) Jan. 17: Israeli Ambassador Mordechay Karni called on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong, who has completed his tour of duty, called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung, and on Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. (NLM 1/18) Jan. 18: The Singapore Charge d'Affaires called on Minister for Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung, on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, on Minister for Education Col. Pe Thein, and on Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba. The Israeli Ambassador called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. (NLM 1/19) Jan. 19: The Singapore Charge d'Affaires called on Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min, on Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Yin, and on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. French Ambassador Alain Briottet called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 20: Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin. Israeli Ambassador Mordechay Karni called on Chief Justice U Aung Toe. Bangladeshi Ambassador Brig. Chowdhury Khalequzzaman (Retd) called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 21: French Ambassador Alain Briottet called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. Israeli Ambassador Mordechay Karni called on Minister for Industry 1 Lt-Gen. Sein Aung, on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, and on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 24: Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, and on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. (NLM 1/25) Jan. 25: Israeli Ambassador Mordechay Karni called on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung, and on Election Commission Chairman U Ba Htay. (NLM 1/26) Jan. 26: Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, and on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. Israeli Ambassador Mordechay Karni called on Attorney-General U Tha Tun. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 27: Indonesian Ambassador Gen. (Police) Mochamad Sanoesi visited the Myanma TV and Radio Department, and were received by Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 28: Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, on Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein, on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, on Minister for Labour Lt-Gen. Aye Thoung, and on Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Lt-Gen. Maung Thint. (NLM 1/29) New Myanmar Ambassadors Jan. 15: U Aung Phone presented credentials Jan. 10 in Lisbon to President Dr. Mario Soares as new Myanmar Ambassador to Portugal. (NLM 1/15) Jan. 21: U Hla Maung presented credentials Jan. 18 in Copenhagen to Queen Margrethe II as new Myanmar Ambassador to Denmark. (NLM 1/22) Diplomatic Tours Jan. 16: A group of Ambassadors and their wives, and UN Resident Representatives, led by Diplomatic Corps Dean German Ambassador Dr. Baron and Baroness Walther von Marschall visited Tachilek and Kengtung from Jan. 14-16. (NLM 1/17) Jan. 19: Ambassadors from Australia, the United Kingdom, and Japan left to visit UNICEF projects in Ayeyarwady Division on Jan. 17. They will visit Pathein, Ngaputaw, and Kyaunggone, and return Jan. 26. (NLM 1/20) // Jan. 26. They returned. (NLM 1/27) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops Jan. 16: An NCC International Diploma in Computer Studies course, co-sponsored by KMD Company Ltd. and NCC of England, opened with 70 students. Jan. 17: A 5-day Workshop on Safer Workplace and Higher Productivity in Small and Medium Enterprises, co-sponsored by the Ministry of Labour and the ILO, opened with 40 participants, in the presence of Minister for Labour Lt-Gen. Aye Thoung, Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba, Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min, UNDP Resident Representative Jehan Raheen, and ILO Chief Technical Adviser Mr. S.G. Jalali Naini. (NLM 1/18) Foreign Donations Dec. 31: Tokyo Ohki Co. Ltd. of Japan and Myanmar Kaunggyo Export and Import Co. donated 470 cycles and parts worth K1.9 million to the Social Welfare Department. A similar donation was made in August 1993. (NLM 1/1) Jan. 10: Director Mr. Ra Hul Argawal of Piyarelal Import and Export Ltd. donated 8 air conditioners and 5 motorcycles to the Ministry of Cooperatives. (NLM 1/11) Jan. 11: Directors U Myo Tun Aung and U Tin Thein of Marketing, Trade and Technology, based in Australia, donated surgical equipment worth US$7,473 to the Cardiac Unit and Yangon General Hospital. (NLM 1/ 12) Jan. 14: Mrs. Barbro Bengtsson-Hulten of Edward Co., Sweden, donated US$5,000 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 1/15) Jan. 23: General Managing Director Mr. Koh Soin Khacong of United International Ltd. donated 960 dozen "Close Up" brand toothpaste, worth K200,000, for schoolgirls at the opening and closing of the Second National Sports Festival. Jan. 24: Managing Director Mr. H.K. Han of Myanmar Borneo Company Ltd. and Director Mr. Ng Su Khet of Beacons Chemicals Pte. Ltd. donated iron tablets worth US$1,500 to the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association. (NLM 1/25) Jan. 26: Dr. Steve L. Montfort of the Smithsonian Institution of the United States donated "equipment for artificial insemination research on elephants" to the Myanma Timber Enterprise, as well as equipment for elephant censuses and for "compiling data on conservation of wild elephant population, capture capacity and population dynamics and medicine for tamed elephants" to the Ministry of Forestry at the Zoological Gardens. (NLM 1/27) China Boundary Inspection Feb. 23: An 8-member Chinese delegation led by Division Chief Mr. Zhao Manjian of the Department of Survey, Ministry of Defence, arrived to attend the Fourth Meeting of the Surveying and Mapping Experts for the Second Joint Inspection of the Myanmar-China Boundary. (NLM 2/24) FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Visitors Jan. 9: UNDP Representative Mr. Morris D. Woof and party called on Central Commander Maj-Gen. Kyaw Than in Mandalay. (NLM 1/10) Jan. 25: Deputy Director Ms. Aye Than Doliner of the Special Unit for Technical Cooperation among Developing Nations, UNDP HQ, accompanied by UNDP Resident Representative Jehan Raheem, called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung to discuss Myanmar fisheries. (NLM 1/26) Cultural and Medical Visitors Jan. 3: Dr. Elizabeth Moore, School of Oriental and African Studies/University of Yangon linkage correspondent, concluded a one-month visit. She finalized arrangements for linkage, held fruitful discussions with the newly established Department of Archaeology at the University of Yangon, and lectured on the archaeology of Cambodia. (NLM 1/4) Jan. 5: A seven-member Thai Red Cross goodwill delegation, led by Secretary Mr. Phan Wannamathee, arrived to study Myanmar's Red Cross activities. (NLM 1/6) // Jan. 6: The delegation called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt, and later toured Yangon. (NLM 1/7) Jan. 6: Singapore surgeons led by Dr. S.T. Lee, currently in Myanmar, have operated successfully on 27 persons with hare lips/cleft palate and carried out seven other plastic surgery operations at Yangon General Hospital. They will leave on Jan. 7. (NLM 1/7) Jan. 12: Australian dental surgeons Prof. Peter C. Reade, consultant oral surgeon, Dr. Graham Mount, consultant and research scientist (glass ionomer cements), and Dr. Kevin Allen, consultant in children's dentistry, attended the 14th Myanmar Dental Association Conference. Prof. Reade gave two lectures on oral mucosal disorders and Xerostomia, Dr. Mount on glass ionomer cements chemistry, and Dr. Allen on dental treatment planning for children. (NLM 1/13) Jan. 19: A five-member Singapore medical delegation led by cardiac surgeons Dr. J.H.H. Sheares and Dr. Leslie Lam, called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. They will remain in Myanmar until Jan. 26 to exchange information and perform cardiac operations. (NLM 1/20) // They were given a dinner by Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. (NLM 1/23) // Jan. 26: The team, from Mt. Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore, diagnosed 39 patients, 20 with special X-rays, and treated three with "a ballooning device" to avoid surgery. Four received a coronary bypass graft. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 18: 19 members of the Burmese Medical Association of North America arrived to attend the Myanmar Medical Association Conference. (NLM 1/19) // Nov. 23: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt hosted a dinner for the Association members. (NLM 1/24) Jan. 20: Secretary-General Dr. Kachit Choopanya of the Thai Medical Association, accompanied by Deputy Surgeon General Rear Admiral Sangob Chaloryoo of the Royal Thai Navy, attended the 40th Annual Meeting of the Myanmar Medical Association and presented gifts to MMA President Prof. Daw Kyu Kyu Swe. They also called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. (NLM 1/ 21) Jan. 21: Director of Medicine Dr. Eckart W. Schwarz of Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals called on Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin, and donated vaccine worth US$10,000. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 22: Prof. Prakash Singh Talwar of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine lectured on Neuro Anatomico-pathological cases by CT and MRI at the Institute of Medicine 1. (NLM 1/23) Jan. 24: A 12-member team from the Interplast Foundation Inc. of the United States arrived; they will stay until Feb. 7 and "face-lift and test will be conducted in cooperation with Myanmar counterparts." (NLM 1/25) // Jan. 28: The team will "do plastic and reconstructive surgery on cleft-lip and cleft palate patients. (NLM 1/29) Jan. 24: Managing Director Mr. P. Marchais of Sanofi (Thailand) Ltd. and party called on Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt and donated medical instruments worth US$15,000 for the laboratory for AIDS. (NLM 1/25) Business Visitors Jan. 18: The Panin Group of Indonesia, led by Senior Adviser Mr. Soedarmono, called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, and on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. Other members are Mr. Gunadi Gunawan, and President John P. Deloughery of P.T. Schroders Indonesia. (NLM 1/19) // Jan. 19: The group called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 19: Chairman Mr. Robert Friedland of Ivanhoe Capital Corporation of Canada and party called on Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 27: Managing Director Mr. Yuan Fa Gang of the Chinese Dragon Company in Te Hon Tai Sub-province, Yunnan Province, called on Yangon Mayor U Tun Kyi. (NLM 1/ 28) Religious Delegations Jan. 6: 81 foreigners from 13 countries, led by Maha Thaddhamma Jotikadhaja Daw Mya Thwin, arrived to attend ordination and ear-boring ceremonies sponsored by the Department for Promotion and Propagation of the Sasana. They come from Britain (19), Czech Republic (1), India (1), Israel (1), Italy (1), Japan (1), Holland (5), Australia (10), United States (11), Germany (4), Austria (6), Switzerland (13), and Singapore (8). "Forty men of them will enter monkhood and four ladies attend ear-boring ceremonies on 8 January. (NLM 1/7) // Jan. 7: 15 more foreigners from 11 countries arrived. (NLM 1/8) // Jan. 8: 50 of the foreigners from 16 countries entered the Buddhist order as monks, sponsored by Sasanodaya Thayettaw Kyaungtaik Sayadaw Bhaddanta Pandicca, at the International Paripatti Centre, 30/A Inya Myaing Road [Yangon]. Eight others were novitiated as Samaneras and "four ladies underwent traditional ear-boring at the centre." (NLM 1/ 9) // Jan. 9: 26 foreigners and one Myanmar were ordained at the Maha Theindawgyi, Kaba Aye, in the morning, and 22 foreigners in the afternoon, from the United States (6), Australia (5), Austria (5), Belgium (2), France (2), Germany (2), Italy (2), Singapore (2), Czech Republic (1), India (1), New Zealand and Myanmar (1), Netherlands (4), Switzerland (8), Myanmar (1). (NLM 1/ 10) // Jan. 20: The foreigners departed for home. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 16: A Ju-Gyiorder Korean Buddhist delegation led by Rev. Myungjin called on State Sangha Maha Nakaya Committee Member Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Osadhabhivamsa and other members of the Zabudipa Kyaung, Kaba Aye, Yangon. (NLM 1/17) Jan. 22: 32 Thai Buddhist pilgrims led by Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee of Thailand Vice President Ven Pharkhruphai Bonphattana Phorn paid respects to Myanmar Sayadaws. (NLM 1/23) Jan. 27: Three Hindu priests of the Sankar Math Mission of Bangladesh, led by Shree Math Swami Jyotiswarananda Giri Maharaj, called on Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt. (NLM 1/28) Foreign Journalists Jan. 3: Bangkok Bureau Chief Mr. Yoshimasa Suenobu of TV Asahi was received by Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant. He was accompanied by Staff Correspondent Ms. Tarinee Suvannapal and Producer/Cameraman Mr. Masazo Kusakabe. (NLM 1/4) // Jan. 7: He called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, and on Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Lt-Gen. Maung Thint. (NLM 1/8) Jan. 7: An NHK TV Crew led by Mr. Shinichi Isobe called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant. Other members were Producer Mr. Kenichi Kado, NHK correspondent in Myanmar U Khin Maung Myint, and Liaison Officer U Soe Win Than. (NLM 1/8) Jan. 10: Managing Editor Mr. Joseph Lilyveld of The New York Times called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, accompanied by South-East Asia Correspondent Mr. Philip Shenon, based in Bangkok. (NLM 1/11) // Jan. 11: Mr. Lelyveld [sic] and Mr. Shenon called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 1/12) Jan. 17: SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt received a group of Japanese journalists from NTV (Nippon Television), Kyodo News Service, TBS (Tokyo Broadcasting System), Tokyo Shimbun, Asahi Shimbun, Sankei Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun, Yomeuri Shimbun, and Nihon Keizai Shimbun newspapers. (NLM 1/18) Jan. 18: Covering the resumed Plenary Session of the National Convention are reporters from: The Nation, Tokyo Shimbun, Asahi Shimbun, Nippon Television Network, The New York Times, Kyodo News Service, Sankei Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, VOA, UPI, Bangkok TV Channel-7, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, TBS, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, TV Asahi News, NHK, Financial Times, The Observer, and The Economist. (NLM 1/19) Jan. 21: Regional Correspondent Ms. Yindee Lertcheroenchok of The Nation, Bangkok, called on Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Lt-Gen. Maung Thint. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 21: Members of the National Convention Convening Commission, including U Aung Toe, U Tha Tun, U Aung Khin Tint, U Aye Maung, and U Thaung Nyunt were interviewed by foreign correspondents from The Nation [of Bangkok], Tokyo Shimbun, Asahi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun, Yomeuri Shimbun, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Financial Times, Kyodo News Service, VOA, UPI, BBC, World Service TV, Bangkok Channel 7 TV, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation. (NLM 1/22) Myanmar Doctors From US Visit Home Dec. 31: Dr. Tin Than Myint, one of the visiting Myanmar doctors resident in the US, presented books on psychiatry, videotapes, and medicines worth US$1,000 to the Ministry of Health. In the evening, the doctors left Myanmar by air, and were seen off by Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin. (NLM 1/1) See also Political Articles: Jan. 1. Malaysian Intelligence Visitors Jan. 10: A delegation led by Chairman Mr. Tan Sri Datuk Zainal Abidin Sulong of the Institute of Strategic and International Studies of Malaysia was received by Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw, who is Chairman of the Myanmar Institute for Strategic and International Studies. In the evening the Foreign Minister hosted a dinner. (NLM 1/11) // Jan. 13: The delegation called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (NLM 1/14) Jan. 27: Director Lt-Gen. Raja Dato Abdul Rashid of the Defence Services Intelligence of Malaysia called on Joint Secretary Daw Khaing Khaing of the Foreign Investment Commission, and on Minister for Agriculture Lt-Gen. Myint Aung. (NLM 1/28) // He called on Minister for Mines Lt-Gen. Kyaw Min, accompanied by "entrepreneurs of Malaysia." (NLM 1/29) Singapore Elephant Experts Jan. 12: Chairman Mr. Lyn de Alwis of Asia Elephant Specialist Group of Singapore, accompanied by Dr. Charles Santiapillai and Dr. R. Sukumar called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe to discuss "providing assistance in collecting of census of wild elephants and studying their natural habits, training of Myanma elephant experts and cooperating in preserving and protecting wild elephants." The group donated US$10,000 for wildlife preservation, and will "conduct a course on studying wild elephants and providing on-job training at Alaungdaw Kassapa Park." (NLM 1/13) Sichuan Music Troupe Jan. 14: A music troupe from Sichuan Province, China, gave a benefit fashion and music show for the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association at the National Theatre. (NLM 1/15) Japanese Veterans Jan. 14: An 18-member Kagawa Ken Myanmar Tour Group of the Japanese War Veterans Organization, composed of veterans of Myanmar during World War II, which arrived Jan. 12 and has visited Buthidaung and Maungtaw Townships, donated US$2,000 to the Myanmar Red Cross. (NLM 1/15) Japanese Aid Delegation Jan. 24: A three-member delegation from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) led by Mr. Kashiwaya Makoto arrived to observe projects in Myanmar, and were welcomed by Health officials. (NLM 1/25) // Jan. 25: It called on Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin to discuss "plans for inspection of equipment at Biomedical Research Centres of Yangon General Hospital, Institute of Nursing, and Medical Research Department...." (NLM 1/26) Thai Parliamentary Delegation Jan. 26: A 25-member Thai Parliamentary Delegation (House of Representatives) led by Speaker Dr. Krasae Chanawongse arrived by air, and visited the Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry. A lunch was hosted by Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw. Afterwards they called on Election Commission Chairman U Ba Htay. (NLM 1/27) // Jan. 27: The delegation called on SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. It also visited the Shwedagon Pagoda, Dagon University, the Myanma Gems Enterprise and other sights. (NLM 1/28) // Jan. 28: The delegation left, after visiting Bago and the Shwemawdaw Pagoda. (NLM 1/29) Garuda Indonesian Airways Jan. 29: DC 3 Dakota RI 001 and CN 235 of Garuda Indonesian Airways, the first aircraft it used, arrived to celebrate the 45th anniversary of foundation on Jan. 26, 1949, in Myanmar. Welcoming them were Deputy Minister for Transport U San Wai and DC Dakota RI 007, which Garuda Airways presented to Myanmar 45 years ago. The CN 235 will give demonstration flights on Jan. 30, and then fly to Mandalay-Bagan. In the evening there was a dinner at the Penguin Restaurant at Yangon Airport, given by Deputy Minister for Transport U San Wai, with Indonesian Ambassador Mochamad Sanoesi and others. Capt. H. Sumolang of Garuda Airways, accompanied by Indonesian Ambassador Mochamad Sanoesi, called on Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win. (NLM 1/30) // Jan. 30: Mr. Toto K. Sugiarto and party of Garuda Indonesia Airways called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant. The 45th Anniversary of Garuda International Airways was commemorated at Yangon Airport. Garuda Airways was created in Myanmar on Jan. 26, 1949; officials posed in front of its first plane, DC 3 Dakota RI 001, and DC Dakota RI 007 presented by Garuda Airways to Myanmar on Oct. 30, 1950. (NLM 1/31) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations Jan. 7: Deputy Planning Officer U Tin Oo of Education Planning, Basic Education Department, left for Israel to attend a Course on Emergent Literacy in Early Childhood Education; Developmental and Educational Aspects. (NLM 1/7) Jan. 16: Assistant Director U Tin Aye of the Directorate of Trade left for Batam Island, Indonesia, to attend the Jan. 18-22 Regional Training Workshop on Strengthening Fruit and Vegetables Marketing for Export with Emphasis on Farmer's Participation, sponsored by the FAO and the Association of Food Marketing Agencies. (NLM 1/ 17) Jan. 24: Tutor Daw Khin Mar Ni of the Architecture Department, Mandalay Institute of Technology, left Jan. 23 for Indonesia to attend a course on Training on Provision of Housing for Low Income Community Self-Help Scheme. (NLM 1/25) Jan. 30: Four Health Ministry officials left for Singapore and Thailand to study "strengthening of research capabilities in human reproductive health" from Jan. 30-Feb. 19. They are Director Dr. Thein Hlaing of the Medical Research Department, Lecturer Dr. Than Than Tin of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Institute of Medicine 1, Head of Department Prof. Myint Maung Maung of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Institute of Medicine 2, and Professor Khin Mi Mi Lwin of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Mandalay Institute of Medicine. (NLM 1/31) Jan. 30: Assistant Director Maj. Aye Ko of the Internal Revenues Department left for Indonesia to attend an international course on value-added tax. (NLM 1/31) Business Delegations Jan. 17: A Trade delegation led by Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi left for Malaysia and Thailand. It includes President U Kyi Aye of the Central Bank of Myanmar, Deputy Eastern Commander Col. Thura Maung Ko, Director U Aung Kyi of the Trade Department, General Manager U Tin Sein of General Merchandise Trading, and the Minister's PSO Capt. Kyaw Kyaw Oo. (NLM 1/18) Delegations to Meetings & Events Jan. 14: Myanmar Red Cross delegates sergeants Aung Min Po Saw and Naw Nilar Win Shwe, from Dagon Myothit (North) and Myaungmya townships, left for Cebu, the Philippines, to attend the Jan. 17-23 Sub-regional Youth Summit in Asia and Pacific. (NLM 1/15) Deputy Foreign Minister to India Jan. 18: Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs U Nyunt Swe left on a visit to India. He was accompanied by Director-General Lt-Col. Thein Han of the Ministry for Development of Border Areas and National Races, Director-General Lt-Col. Kyaw Myint of the Ministry of Trade, Deputy Director-General U Nyi Pu of the Immigration and Manpower Department, Chief Engineer U Shwe Win of Public Works, Ministry of Construction, and Deputy Directors U Ko Ko and U Ba Cho of the Political Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (NLM 1/19) Economic Delegation to Kunming Jan. 26: A six-member delegation headed by Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel left for Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, "to discuss economic matters, possible cooperation, and promotion of friendship." Other members are Managing Director U Myat Win of Myanma Timber Enterprise, Director (Production) U Aye Mauk of the Industrial Planning Department, Chief Engineer U Aung Kyaw of Public Works, General Manager (Inspection) Thura U Thaung Lwin of Myanma Railways, Director U Myint Lwin (a) U Wan Kwe Tar of the Shan State (North) Joint Venture Co. Ltd., and the Ministers PSO U Tin Maung Htay. (NLM 1/27) MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments The SLORC appointed the following, on probation: Jan. 13: U Myo Myint, Deputy Director-General, International Organizations and Economic Department, to be Director-General, Department for Myanmar Missions, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (NLM 1/14) Jan. 19: Col. Tin Htay (Air/1268) of the Ministry of Defence to be Managing Director, Myanma Department Stores, Ministry of Trade. (NLM 1/20) Appointments The SLORC appointed the following: Jan. 13: U Tin Hlaing, Managing Director, Myanma Foodstuff Industries, to be Managing Director, Myanmar Pharmaceutical Industries, Ministry of Industry-1. Lt-Col. Than Shwe, Director-General, Regional Industrial Coordination and Inspection, to be Managing Director, Myanma Foodstuff Industries, Ministry of Industry-1. (NLM 1/14) Appointments Confirmed The SLORC confirmed the following appointments, after one year's probation: Jan. 5: Lt-Col. Pe Thein as Director-General, State Law and Order Restoration Council Office. U Aung Thein as Managing Director, Myanma Railways, Ministry of Rail Transportation. U Kyaw Aye as Director-General, Attorney-General's Office. U Arnt Kyaw as Director-General, Human Settlement and Housing Development Department. U Maung Hti, Director-General, Cooperative Department, Ministry of Cooperation. U Myint Tun as Director-General, Sports and Physical Education Department, Prime Minister's Office. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 19: U Kyaw Khaing as Director-General, Road Transport Administration Department, Ministry of Rail Transportation. U Kyaw Tin as Director-General, Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture. GOVERNMENT Independence Day Message Jan. 4: The following is SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe's 46th Anniversary Independence Day Message [full text]: Fourth January 1994 being the 46th Anniversary Independence Day of the Union of Myanmar is a day of auspiciousness and significance. On this auspicious occasion I cordially and respectfully greet the people of all the national races. Our Union of Myanmar had stood as a sovereign nation in the world for thousands of years, and in the 19th century, the avaricious colonialists occupied and enslaved the nation after waging three aggressive wars on the nation. With a high sense of patriotism, the people of all the national races fought with whatever weapons they could lay their hands on, against the colonialist aggression, occupation and enslavement. The patriots from among the various national races such as the Kachins, the Kayahs, the Kayins, the Chins, the Bamars, the Mons, the Rakhines and the Shans who had taken part in the anti-colonialist and national liberation struggles must be put on record as patriotic heroes in the annals of our history so that their names would last till the world lasts. Just as these patriotic heroes had struggled to regain the independence of the nation, so also there have been millions of service personnel and people including the members of the Tatmadaw, the offspring of the people of the national races, who have fought with sacrificing spirit in the battles fought in defence of the independence of the nation since our regaining of independence so that it would not be lost again. The spirit of safeguarding independence, in addition to the love for national independence, among the citizens of Myanmar has already been firm and strong. We are duty-bound to make efforts to hand down this spirit to our descendants both at present and in future. We, all the people of national races must try our best, on self-reliance basis, to enable the nation to stand tall among the world nations as an independent nation and to perpetuate it sovereignty. This is the duty to be performed by all the people of the Union to always protect and defend the nation in cooperation. Hence, the spirit of patriotism and the spirit of nationalism must ever be alive and dynamic. When we review the historical events which we have experienced in the past we will see that all the citizens of this Union have always been able to suppress and win victories against all kinds of enemies who were attempting to cause disintegration of the Union, home to the people residing together in weal or woe. Many instances can also be seen that every case of damage has been ameliorated. That is why we, in our time, have been implementing construction projects with unrelenting efforts after overcoming and crushing the enemies. We are now in existence as an equal among the world's nations indicating that we are worthy of our independence, able to build the nation and able to preserve and protect the fine traditions. The government has been implementing border areas development projects with impetus in the long-term interests of the national brethren residing in the border areas. At present 10 groups of national races have abandoned the line of armed struggle and are actively engaged in construction activities in the legal fold in cooperation with the people. In the absence of strife in such areas, construction activities are being carried out with gaining momentum. Delegates of the National Convention which began early 1993 have been engaged for the emergence of a new constitution which will suit the wishes and the aspirations of the people of the Union and which will enable the people of the Union to enjoy the rights they are entitled to and bring about their equitable development. At the National Convention, programmes of work have been divided systematically and then discussed. Chapter headings of the constitution and fundamental principles that must be included in drafting of the constitution have already been laid down and approved. As important sectors remain to be discussed and coordinated in detail, it is important to work out a constitution which meets the six objectives of the National Convention, fulfils the wishes and aspirations of the people and can bring about progress and development of the Union in the future. Just as the delegates are required to concentrate on the constitution drafting process with duty consciousness, the citizens also are to extend whatever assistance is necessary toward that end. That is why the drafting of a constitution is all the more important for the people of the Union. It is a well-known fact that the State Law and Order Restoration Council has achieved success in bringing peace and prosperity to the nation, ensuring a political stability and bringing about economic development by exerting strenuous efforts in the following tasks with public cooperation: (a) Our Three Main National Causes--non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and ensuring perpetuity of national sovereignty; (b) the tasks of ensuring prevalence of the rule of law and peace and tranquillity, of ensuring safe and smooth transportation and of easing the food, clothing and shelter problems of the people; and (c) giving attention to and safeguarding the tasks of carrying out various activities for the development of all the national races. At this juncture, we have formed the Union Solidarity and Development Association with the aims of safeguarding perpetuation of the Union of Myanmar, promoting friendship among the people of national races, perpetuation of national sovereignty and territorial integrity and for emergence of a prosperous, peaceful and modern nation. Correctly reviewing and assessing the changing international situation as well as the internal situation, all the peoples of the national races must take part in this Association and carry out duties. As there exist favourable conditions in international relations and foreign trade, success achieved in economic progress must be maintained and sustained efforts are to be exerted in order that there may emerge a developed, peaceful, prosperous and modern nation. To realize the objective, all the people are required to carry on the work in cooperation with the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Therefore, I urge all the citizens to implement, with undaunted spirit, unrelenting perseverance, earnest zeal and great strength, the National Objectives for the 46th Anniversary of Independence Day: (1) to involve the entire mass of the national people in constant efforts in unity and cohesion to protect and preserve the perpetuity of the State's independence and sovereignty; (2) to vitalize patriotism and nationalist fervour; (3) to involve all citizens in efforts for the emergence of the State Constitution; and (4) to bring about development and operate peaceful and modern State. (NLM 1/4) Independence Day Awards Jan. 4: Under various notifications, medals and awards were issued in honour of Independence Day. [Names and positions of those in the higher categories were published over several days, but we include only numbers here}. SLORC Notification No. 1/94. The State Law and Order Restoration Council of the Union of Myanmar has presented religious titles to the following Most Venerable Sayadaws, Gantadhura Pariyatti Lecturer Sayadaws, Vipassanadhura Paripatti Meditation Instructor Sayadaws, Touring Dhamma Preachers, Local and Foreign Missionary Personnel and outstanding donors of the four kinds of requisites to the Buddhist Sasana: -- Abhidhaja Maha Ratha Guru Title: 1 Sayadaw -- Agga Maha Pandita Title: 20 Sayadaws, including 1 from Singapore -- Agga Maha Ganthavacaka Pandita Title: 16 Sayadaws and 5 Nuns -- Maha Ganthavacaka Pandita Title: 25 Sayadaws, including 1 from India, 2 Nuns, and 2 Lay figures -- Cula Ganthavacaka Pandita Title: 9 Sayadaws and 2 Nuns -- Agga Maha Kammathanacariya Title: 9 Sayadaws -- Maha Kammathanacariya Title: 5 Sayadaws -- Cula Kammathanacariya Title: 2 Sayadaws -- Maha Dhamma Kathika Bahujana Hitadhara Title: 1 Sayadaw -- Dhamma Kathika Bahujana Hitadhara Title: 5 Sayadaws -- Abhidhaja Agga Maha Saddhamma Jotika Title: 1 Sayadaw -- Agga Maha Saddhamma Jotikadhaja Title: 14 Sayadaws, including 2 from India -- Maha Saddhamma Jotikadhaja Title: 7 Sayadaws, 1 Nun, and 3 Lay figures -- Saddhamma Jotikadhaja Title: 11 Sayadaws, 2 Lay figures -- Thiha Suddhamma Manijotadhara Title: 2 Lay figures -- Suddhamma Manijotadhara Title: 1 Lay figure -- Siri Suddhammasingi Title: 2 Lay figures -- Thiha Suddhammasingi Title: 1 Lay figure -- Suddhammasingi Title: 1 Lay figure SLORC Notification No. 2/94. The State Law and Order Restoration Council of the Union of Myanmar has conferred titles and medals of commendation on the following persons: -- Thura Title: 1 -- Gallantry Medal: 4 -- Medal (Second Class) for Excellent Performance in Industrial Field of the Economy: 6 -- same (Third Class): 7 -- Medal (First Class) for Excellent Performance in Administrative Field: 6 -- same (Second Class): 4 -- same (Third Class): 41 -- Medal (First Class) for Excellent Performance in Social Field: 8 -- same (Second Class): 6 -- same (Third Class): 59 -- Ye Thurein Medal: 1 -- Ye Kyaw Swa Medal: 1 -- Ye Kyaw Thu Medal: 10 SLORC Notification No. 3/94. The Military Good Service Medal is presented to: 4,038 persons (174 veterans and 3,864 servicemen) SLORC Notification No. 4/94. The Good Public Service Medal is presented to: 9,533 persons (985 retired personnel and 8,548 personnel) SLORC Notification No. 5/94. The Good PPF Service Medal is presented to: 272 (29 retired personnel and 243 personnel) SLORC Notification No. 6/94. The PPF Service Medal is presented to: 390 (7 retired personnel and 383 personnel) SLORC Notification No. 7/94. The Public Service Medal is presented to: 30,558 (1,008 retired personnel and 29,550 personnel) SLORC Notification No. 8/94. The PPF Joint Service Medal is presented to: 2,492 (13 retired personnel and 2,479 personnel) (NLM 1/4) Jan. 3: The Gallantry Certificate has been presented to 10 military servicemen, and the Certificate of Honour to 23. (NLM 1/4) Foreign Messages of Congratulations Jan. 4: Messages of Felicitations to SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe were received from the following [NLM prints texts of messages]: Chiefs of State: Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Laos, Vietnam, Germany, Israel, Iran, Maldives, Mexico, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Croatia, Romania, Algeria, Russia, Netherlands, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, United Kingdom, Italy (NLM 1/4), Singapore, United Nations, France, Nigeria, Australia (NLM 1/5), Bhutan (NLM 1/6), Japan (NLM 1/7), Portugal, Iraq, Poland, Slovakia, Canada (NLM 1/8), Libya (NLM 1/11), Cambodia (NLM 1/12), Thailand (NLM 1/14), Cuba, Brunei Darussalam, Nepal, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Egypt, Syria (NLM 1/15), Cyprus, Sudan, Madagascar, Hungary, Bulgaria (NLM 1/22), Philippines (NLM 1/28). Vice Presidents: Indonesia (NLM 1/5). Heads of Government: China, Singapore, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Japan, Malaysia, Yugoslavia, Bangladesh (NLM 1/5), United Arab Emirates (NLM 1/15). Jan. 4: Messages were received for Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw from the following [NLM prints text of messages]: Foreign Ministers: Singapore, Japan, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Algeria, Iran, Malaysia, Mexico, Chub, Czech Republic (NLM 1/6), Brunei Darussalam (NLM 1/7), Libya (NLM 1/11), Bulgaria (NLM 1/22), Maldives (NLM 1/29). UN Agencies: FAO. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 4: Messages were received from the following Heads of Diplomatic Missions [photos only]: Ambassadors: Vietnam, China, Laos, Thailand, Egypt, Nepal, Russia, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Japan, Bangladesh, Singapore (NLM 1/4). Charges d'Affaires: Yugoslavia, Sir Lanka (NLM 1/4). Independence Day Ceremonies Jan. 4: At 4.20 am, the formal flag raising ceremony was held at the People's Square, under the Chairmanship of Yangon Commander Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt. 65,000 runners turned out for the First Mandalay Mayor's Marathon. In the evening SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe gave the traditional reception and dinner for Myanmar officials and others, including Ambassadors and Military Attaches. (NLM 1/5) [Photos show the Chairman shaking hands with Ambassadors of Germany, Australia, and United Kingdom (NLM 1/5), Korea, Japan, Singapore, UNDP, Nepal, Russia, India, Nigeria, France (NLM 1/6)] Jan. 4: Winners of the 1994 Independence Day Essay and Poetry Competitions and TV Quiz were awarded prizes by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, who also made a speech [excerpts]: "The Union of Myanmar had once stood tall among the nations of the world as a sovereign and independent nation with its own monarchs and leaders for thousands of years. Avaricious colonialists were much impressed by Myanmar's prosperity and glory endowed with rich natural resources above and under ground. "Hence, the colonialists waged three aggressive wars--first in 1825, second in 1852 and third in 1885--thereby eventually occupying the entire Myanmar. They enslaved the peoples of Myanmar. Myanmar's independence and sovereignty were thus lost. At present, the neo-colonialists are waiting for an opportunity to influence Myanmar again and interfere in its internal affairs. The people of the national races are to be well aware of the fact that those neo-colonialists are trying to harm unity of national races and cause disintegration of the Union with the use of traitors in the country through crooked means. All the people of the Union, therefore, are to always strive together for perpetuation of national independence and sovereignty, and of the Union. "At this juncture, it is of most importance to vitalize patriotism and nationalist fervour. At a time when we are trying to enable Myanmar to keep abreast of the times by making contacts with the world's nations, it is necessary to cleanse ourselves of inclinations to think highly of foreign nations, to imitate foreign cultures and to be swayed by external instigations and internal persuasions.... "At the universities, colleges and institutes level this year, essay topic is 'Zartiman Ne Doh Lutlatyay' and topic for poetry competitions is 'Taingpyi Chit-hma Lumyo Hla'. At the Basic education level, essay topic is 'Silon Nyinyar Pyi-Myanmar' and the topic for poetry competitions is 'Doh-pyay Doh-myay Doh-amway'. "In the universities, colleges and institutes essay competitions, a total of 1,448 students of 62 institutions including Institutes of Medicine took part in the competitions. A total of 550 students of 59 institutions took part in the poetry competitions. "In the Basic Educations schools essay competitions, 68,143 students took part in competitions held in 266 townships. In the poetry competition, 22,660 students took part in the competitions being held in 189 townships.... In the Independence Day commemorative TV Quiz this year, students representing 12 institutions took part in the universities, colleges and institutes level while those representing 14 States/ Divisions took part at the Basic Education schools level.... Hence, students, literary enthusiasts among the youths and the entire mass of youths are urged to perform duties required by history and actively take part in the Union Solidarity and Development Association...." On behalf of the prizewinners, Ma Tin Zar Zaw said [excerpt]: "we have won prizes awarded by the State, owing to our proper preparations and enthusiasm. "This helped us not only to understand the neo-colonialists' current interferences in the country to deprive its independence, but also to understand the duties towards safeguarding the independence and perpetuation of the sovereignty and so protect the country from falling into servitude again. We are now imbued with nationalist fervour and patriotism. "I pledge that we, student youths, always bearing patriotism and nationalist fervour in our minds, will dutifully serve the country in the future whatever role we are playing...." (NLM 1/5) [Independence day activities around the country were reported briefly during the week after Jan. 4.] Lecture to LORCs Jan. 6: Yangon Division LORC Chairman Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt spoke to District and Township LORC Chairmen: "He said they must be aware they are being watched closely by high-ranking officials of the government and supervisors in respective townships and districts.... He pointed out that their most important task is to maintain peace and tranquillity in their regions noting that in some townships, greater efforts must be made for prevalence of law and order as there are law breakers. "He also reminded them of the dangers of those in Yangon who would not like to see prevalence of law and order and the avaricious who entered into economic field and are creating instability of commodity prices. "For promotion of traditional culture and flourishing of the Sasana, he urged them to continuously open monastic education schools and Buddhist culture courses." (NLM 1/7) New Deputy Ministers Jan. 27: SLORC Notification No. 12/94 of Jan. 27, Reassignment of Portfolio for Deputy Ministers, reassigns: Lt-Col. Than Nyunt, Deputy Minister for Home Affairs, to be Deputy Minister for Industry-1. U Kyaw Aye, Deputy Minister for Industry-1, to be Deputy Minister for Labour. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 27: SLORC Notification No. 13/94 of Jan. 27, Appointment of Deputy Ministers, appoints and assigns: U Aung Phone to be Deputy Minister for Forestry. Col. Aung Khin to be Deputy Minister for Religious Affairs. Col. Tin Hlaing to be Deputy Minister for Home Affairs. U Saw Tun to be Deputy Minister for Industry-2. U Kyaw Tin to be Deputy Minister for Agriculture. (NLM 1/28) Border Ministry Reorganized Jan. 30: SLORC Notification No. 15/94 of Jan. 30, Reorganization of Ministry, states full text]: The State Law and Order Restoration Council, to more effectively conduct urban and rural development affairs, has reorganized the Ministry for Development of Border Areas and National Races as the Ministry for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs." (NLM 1/31) Jan. 30: SLORC Declaration No. 1/94 of Jan. 30, Appointment of Portfolio for Minister, reads [full text]: The State Law and Order Restoration Council has appointed Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Lt-Gen Maung Thint as Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs. (NLM 1/31) MILITARY Explosives Seized Dec. 31: 33 plastic packets of gelignite (Bur, Gel 427) were seized by the Mandalay anti-drug squad on a bus in Patheingyi Twp. [Mandalay]. (NLM 1/1) Armed Group Attacks Jan. 11: Three innocent villagers on their way to a video show were killed by Kayin armed group members led by Phalu on Jan. 2 in Bilin Twp. [Mon]. (NLM 1/12) Jan. 27: 10 members of the Kayin armed group blew up three large irrigation water pumps in Mogaung Village tract, Thaton Twp. [Mon]. (NLM 1/28) Members of Armed Groups Surrender Jan. 13: A total of K256,700 was given to 17 former members of 6 armed groups and one dependent "who had come to the legal fold" at Loilem on Jan. 8. Eastern Deputy Commander Col. Thura Maung Ko spoke; "then the 17 persons individually surrendered their arms to the Deputy Commander who later gave them cash." (NLM 1/14) Jan. 20: Four members of the ABSDF armed group returned to legal fold, Jan. 12, bringing their weapons [names, photos, and details]. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 22: Four members of the ABSDF armed group returned to legal fold Jan. 5, with their weapons, at Sittaung Bridge [names, photos, and details]. (NLM 1/23) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Jan. 24: Editorial: Worker welfare. ["To cater to the needs and welfare of workers, there are welfare shops run by the welfare society at each business establishment, the credit society or rather the savings and loans outfit and the GEC--the Government Employee Cooperative.... Today, there is inflation everywhere--call it galloping or whatever. Low-income earners are caught up in the malaise of having to make ends meet the best way each individual or family possibly can. This is where the welfare units have to help for without them those in the lower income brackets would be hard put to find a solution to their individual problems. The pay raises the government has made over the past half decade plus the free-ride tickets for commuters have also been useful.... Many of the welfare shops are actually run under contract by private entrepreneurs, the contract fees going to the society concerned which gives the workers some cash for school stationery and suchlike or help out when needed either for weddings or birth, or at times of bereavement. Rice and cooking oil are available at about a third the going rate.... Soap and other commodities are available from the GEC at about the same rate...."] Project Inaugurations Jan. 1: A 70-mile Ywangan-Myogyi-Hanmyintmo motor road was inaugurated Dec. 29. Originally built in 1946-51, it has been converted into an all-weather road at a cost of K7.6 million. (NLM 1/2) Jan. 2: A 21-acre Sports Ground and 2000 capacity Gymnasium were inaugurated in Dagon Myothit (South) Twp. [Yangon] and a Badminton Gymnasium with capacity for 2,000 spectators in National Sports Park, Thuwunna, Thingangyun Twp. [Yangon], in the presence of SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt in his capacity as Chairman of the National Health Committee. (NLM 1/3) Jan. 5: A ceremony was held on Mandalay Hill, attended by Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba and others high officials, "to mark the supplying of water on the hill." A K5.6 million project (including public contributions of K2 million) was completed on Nov. 30, and includes 3 large water tanks. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 7: The 604-foot, K55.5 million Nyaungbinwun bridge on the Mandalay-Monywa Highway was inaugurated Jan. 4 by North-West Commander Maj-Gen. Hla Myint Swe. \\ Saya San Town Hall, built on a self-reliance basis for K6.7 million, was dedicated Jan. 4 in Thayarwady, in the presence of veterans who fought together with Saya San against colonialism. (NLM 1/ 8) Jan. 20: the International Business Centre was inaugurated at 88 Pyay Road, 60th Mile, Yangon, by Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, in the presence of SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo, and others. Addressing the occasion, Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe said the construction of the IBC was contracted by his Ministry to Turnkey Contracts and Consultancy of Singapore, represented at the ceremony by Managing Director Mr. Bernard Kwek. The building has 42,000 square feet, and comprises 33 offices of various sizes. 150 IDD phone lines have been installed, and will be followed by Fax and Telex facilities. Secretarial facilities will be available for short-term tenants who rent by the day, week, or month. There are two standby generators in case of power failure, and an auditorium seating 200-300 people. All rooms are air conditions, and the is a central water purification system. 18 tenants have signed up for space, and it is expected to recoup the initial investment in 6-7 years. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 20: The Myanmar-Yangon Duty Free Shop of United International Ltd. (UIL), Singapore, was opened at the State Department Store on Sule Pagoda Road by UIL Chairman Mr. Tay Choon Hye. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 20: The Myanmar Rowing Federation boathouse was inaugurated on Inya Lake [Yangon] by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt and others. It cost K6.4 million and can house 23 boats; it has dressing rooms and other facilities. Foreign donations were received: US$54,000 from Director Mr. Matt Smith of the International Rowing Federation; two K35,000 boats from Wilson (Apex) Co. and Sann Imaging Ltd., on behalf of Kodak Film Co.; 4 21-oar fibreglass boats from "555" Cigarette Co., and 8 canoes from Kim Tuck Huat Boat Maker (Singapore). (NLM 1/21) Jan. 21: The K5 million Myanmar Yachting Federation building was inaugurated on Inya Lake by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt and others. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 22: The five-storey WYZ Department Store was inaugurated at 216 Bogyoke Aung San Street, Yangon, by Yangon Commander Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt. It "will sell goods manufactured in the Republic of Korea, at reasonable prices." Present was Chairman U Win Swe of WYZ Pte. Ltd. and his wife Dr. Yee Yee. "Coffee, tea, soft drinks and snacks will be sold on the fifth floor in the morning. In the evening, it will sell drinks and stage karaoke entertainment." (NLM 1/ 23) // Jan. 27: The store was opened for business, and was visited by the wives of Ministers and of SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 27: A new three-story hostel, "Myitzu Hall" was opened at the Institute of Economics. It has 102 rooms and will accommodate 200 ladies; it cost K40 million. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 30: A new K1.5 million two-storey Parahita building was inaugurated at Taungphayagyi Kyaungtaik in Myitkyina on Jan. 17. (NLM 1/31) Advertisements ----- Now! On Sale 48th Anniversary ARMED FORCES DAY Commemorative Book (Literary & Art) (Illustrated English Translation) A Reading Feast for Scholars and Students. with the following Prize-Winning Contents --Poems --Paintings, Sculptures, and Photographs --Essays --Articles --Short Stories Price K-60/- Available at Sarpay Beikman Book Centre 529-531, Merchant Street Yangon, Myanmar Tel: 83366 (NLM 1/12) ----- Bangkok - Hong Kong - Singapore FLY THE AIRLINE YOU CAN CALL YOUR OWN Myanmar Airways International is your national airline. Whether you are taking off to Bangkok, Hong Kong or Singapore, we will take you there safely and comfortably in our new B757. In fact, everything about us is new. New name. New international flight crew with years of experience. And new cabin crew that speak fluent Myanmar and English. Take off to any of our three exciting Asian capitals and en route, experience the gracious tradition of Myanmar hospitality. Dine on Myanmar, Chinese or Western cuisine. Or simply sit back and relax in our plush seats with extra legroom. The next time you want to fly, fly the pride and joy of Myanmar. MYANMAR AIRWAYS INTERNATIONAL. For more information call 89772/3/4 or your travel agent. (NLM 1/30) ----- Joint Ventures & Foreign Investments Jan. 6: The signboard of Myanmar Niino J.V. Co. Ltd., formed on a profit sharing basis by Myanma Pearl Enterprise, represented by Managing Director U Win Maung, and Niino International Corporation of Japan, represented by President Niino Ye Tun, was raised at 432 Merchant Street, Yangon. (NLM 1/8) Jan. 18: A joint venture contract was signed between the Hotels and Tourism Department and Central Floating Hotel (Yangon) Co. Ltd. of Thailand for "operating four-star Floatel at Wadan Jetty of Yangon Port." Present were Minister for Hotels and Tourism Lt-Gen. Kyaw Ba, Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, President Mr. Wanchai Chirathivat of Central Hotels Group of Thailand, and Managing Director Mr. Suthikiati Chirathivat of Central Floating Hotel (Yangon) Co. Ltd., and Director Boontert Chirathivat. The Floatel is a converted "accommodating ship" built at Valmet Helsinki Shipyard in 1968 and rebuilt at Kotka in Finland in 1992. It will be operated as a four-star hotel with 132 rooms, and cost an investment of US$6,256,500. The Floatel is to open this year; it will be operated for 15 years, possibly to be extended a second 15 years. The Company will "pay proportional land use premium on total annual income." (NLM 1/19) Jan. 27: Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development Notification No. 4/94 of Jan. 27, Formation of Myanmar Euroworld International Limited, announces the formation of a joint venture "for the purpose of production and marketing of knit shirts, jackets and other garments" with an authorized capital of K15,860,000, divided into 1,586 shares of K10,000 each, of which 793 are held by Myanma Textile Industries, represented by its Managing Director, and 793 by Myanma Industrial Holdings Co. Ltd., represented by Managing Director Mr. Winfred Wai Wah Ho, with address at Block A9/ Summit Building 30 Man Ywe Road, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hongkong. (NLM 1/29) Jan. 27: Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development Notification No. 5/94 of Jan. 27, Formation of the Myanma Yaung Chi Oo Company Limited, establishes a joint venture "for the purpose of production and marketing of beer for export and local sales and soft drinks for local sales," with an authorized capital of K106,260,000, divided into 10,626 shares of K10,000 each, of which 5,844 are held by Myanma Foodstuff Industries, represented by its Managing Director, and 4,782 by Yaung Chi Oo Trading Pte. Ltd., represented by Managing Director Daw Win Win Nu, Yaung Chi Oo Trading Pte. Ltd., No. 1, Coleman Street 03-47, The Adelphi, Singapore, 0617. (NLM 1/29) Trade Fair in Tachilek Dec. 31: The closing ceremonies of the Myanmar Trade Fair were held in Shan Yoma Plaza, Tachilek, "City of the Golden Triangle." Present were Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Lt-Gen. Maung Aye, SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo, the Ministers, and others. On its final day, Dec. 31, goods worth 1,090,942 baht and US$16,274 were sold for cash, US$160,000 on sales contract, and US$12,398,000 on Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs). From Dec. 21-30, goods worth K54,000, 6,346,960 baht, and US$46,870 were sold for cash, and US$3,961,000 on sales contract, and US$12 million through Memoranda of Understanding. On the final day there were 40,000 visitors, including 51 tourists. The Ministry of Cooperatives plans to keep the Plaza open for business after the Fair. (NLM 1/1) Department Stores Privatization Dec. 31: Speaking in Bahtoo on Dec. 27, Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi said that department stores are being opened in various parts of the country because private entrepreneurs can still not able to fill all needs. "In the long run, the department stores will be gradually transformed into partnership-ventures owned by service personnel, he added. (NLM 1/1) Development in Ex-Insurgent Areas Jan. 5: Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Lt-Gen. Maung Thint visited Pansai on Jan. 3, and met with Wa national leaders U Kyauk Nyi Hlaing, U Pau Yu Chan, and U Lisi Yu. He said the SLORC has spent K150 million in the Wa region alone. Built have been 161 miles of dirt road, 26 miles of metalled road, 2 major and 37 small bridges, 17 primary and 1 middle school, 4 16-bed hospitals, 6 dispensaries, 1 post-office, 2 telephone exchanges, 1 telegraph office, 1 TV relay station (which he inaugurated), 3 agriculture farms, 1 tractor station, 3 forest nurseries, 1 model livestock farm. Five bulldozers and 7 tipper trucks are en route to pave the Hopang-Mongmau and Peinkaung-Tangyang Roads before the monsoons start. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 12: A "coordination meeting between a border development work committee...to carry out regional development projects in Special Region 2, Kachin State, and organizations under the KIO was held in Myitkyina, attended by Northern Commander Maj-Gen. Saw Lwin, who "spoke of the need for the local organizations under KIO to regroup the residents who had left their villages in the KIO areas.... He said that the vital sections of six major roads in Kachin State are being renovated...[and] asked the KIO's cooperation and assistance in the projects." He then introduced "leader of the KIO U Lamong Tujai and party" to the work committee and distributed 400 items of clothing "for the people in the KIA No 1 brigade area through the KIO leader." (NLM 1/13) Jan. 13: The Work Committee for Development of Border Areas and National Races held its meeting No. 1/94, under the chairmanship of SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. He said that the original allocation for border area development in 1993-94 had been K245 million (including K4.9 million in foreign exchange); this has been augmented by K129 million (including K14.7 million in foreign exchange) for Kachin Special Region-2 and other regions. "He said the additional funds sought was due to the increase in number of armed groups returning to legal fold...." He reviewed border development, and concluded by saying that the government "has invited armed groups to come and coordinate to return to the legal fold. According to this invitation, he said, some armed groups have made contacts to coordinate and some are holding discussions at the grass-roots level...." (NLM 1/14) Jan. 13: Speaking at 46th Kachin Day in Myitkyina, Northern Commander Maj-Gen. Saw Lwin said the SLORC "designated Hsadon and Kanpaik-tee Regions as Special Region 1.... (NLM 1/14) Satellite Towns Expansion Jan. 8: SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo "inspected systematic expansion of land plots of Shwepyithar Myothit without lessening cultivated lands.... He said as arrangements have been made for Yangon to have characteristics of a city, squatters have been relocated at new satellite towns. The new towns were established on some of the cultivated lands on unavoidable circumstances, he said.... He pointed out systematic establishment and expansion of new towns and plots, and warned that unnecessary actions will lead to loosing [sic] of cultivated land to no purpose. Efforts are being made to improve Yangon to have characteristics of a city and at the same time, he said, measures should be taken to prevent from lessening cultivated land. He warned them not to exceed the targeted area of the township in establishing plots. Peasants, he said, will be permitted to cultivate on allotted plots, which are free at current [sic]. He pointed out the need to base the principles in undertaking development for new satellite towns such as Hlinethayar, Dalla and Dagon Myothit...." (NLM 1/ 9) Volunteer Labour Jan. 8: In honor of Independence Day and the creation of the Union Solidarity and Development Association, over 26,000 Tatmadawmen and local people contributed volunteer labour Jan. 3 on the Gangaw-Kalay railroad. (NLM 1/9) Jan. 16: SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo attended the opening ceremony for the voluntary service camp for digging the Main Canal of the Tabuhla (Okkan) Dam Project at Yaintaikkwin village, Taikkyi Township [Yangon]; he was accompanied by Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Yin, Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein, Commander Brig-Gen. Khin Maung Than of the No. 11 Light Infantry Division, and others. He "said the supervisors of the voluntary labour contribution camps should stay together with the volunteers in order to be able to closely supervise and assist them.... The ceremony to open the voluntary service camp, where the entire township will contribute labour in digging the main canal as a gesture of support for the mass rally of the Yangon Union Solidarity and Development Association, was held...." The main canal is 24 miles long and 4 miles will be dug by machines, 4 miles by technicians, and the remaining 16 miles by volunteers "comprising people from 37,959 households of 84 village-tracts. The work will be carried out up to 31 January. Arrangements have been made to see to the welfare, health, entertainment and security of the volunteers." (NLM 1/17) Jan. 19: South-East Commander Maj-Gen. Ket Sein greeted over 14,300 volunteers working on the Ye-Dawei railroad. (NLM 1/ 20) Jan. 23: 25,000 people contributed labour digging drains along the Myeik-Tanintharyi Highway on Jan. 19. (NLM 1/24) [There were a number of articles reporting smaller quantities of volunteer labour, generally donated in honor of the Union Solidarity and Development Association.] Bhamo-Myitkyina Road Opened Jan. 9: The 110-mile road from Bhamo to Myitkyina, which has not been serviceable since 1962, has been open again since Dec. 15, thanks to volunteer labour. The State spent K14.4 million on the project, which included building 93 new bridges. (NLM 1/ 10) Energy Jan. 17: The Ministry of Energy estimates that natural gas production will be increased from the present ceiling of 40 million cubic feet per day to 80 million cubic feet per day. Aphyauk Gas Well alone could reach the 80m cu ft per day target very soon. The gas will be transported to Yangon through 14" pipes, and then to Sittaung and Myaingalay through 10", 8", and 6" pipes which are now being laid. On completion, the gas will be used at the power station in Ywama and the cement factory in Myaingalay. A pipeline is also being laid across the Ayeyarwaddy River at the Pyay-Myanaung crossing, to carry gas to the Kyangin cement plant, the Seiktha methanol plant, and the Myanaung electric power station. At present, the 40m cu ft per day production from four wells is going to industries in Yangon, the Sittaung paper mill, and the Tharkayta and Shwedaung Power Plants. [map] (NLM 1/18) Jan. 26: Three new gas wells have been opened in the Aphyauk natural gas field. No. 7 well has a capacity of 10 million cubic feet per day, and Nos. 5 and 6 have "high prospects." (NLM 1/27) Tourism Jan. 17: The cruise ship MS Lev Tolstoy with 161 tourists, mostly German, arrived for a day visit. (NLM 1/18) Jan. 23: The cruise ship Song of Flower arrived for a day's visit with 171 tourists; they leave by air tomorrow. Another 167 will arrive by air from Bangkok, and after staying over night will leave on the Song of Flower. Sponsor is Seven Seas Cruise Travelling Agency of the United States. (NLM 1/24) // Jan. 24: The second batch, totalling 154, arrived by air. (NLM 1/25) // The Song of Flower departed. (NLM 1/26) Merchant Marine Jan. 27: At the conclusion of Merchant Marine Cadet Training Course No. 21 at the Institute of Marine Technology, Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win said that since it was founded in 1971 the Institute had turned out 666 mercantile marine officers, given refresher courses for 5,548 nautical officers, 4,021 marine engineers, and 33,766 seamen, for a total of 43,335. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 30: Myanma Five Star Line has hired the MV Integra as a container vessel to ply between Yangon and Singapore; it berthed at Bo Aung Kyaw Wharf 1 for the first time, with 108 containers from Singapore. It will make the trip every twelve days. (NLM 1/31) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: YA KA CY 1987 97.01 100.98 95.43 1988 99.17 100.00 107.76 1989 96.22 100.59 102.76 1990 118.35 109.92 122.84 1991 91.81 83.78 96.65 1992 81.34 96.02 95.98 1993 82.64 111.18 95.12 1994, as of: January 30 00.00 00.00 00.00 SPORTS Sports Articles Jan. 8: Towards the Second National Sports Festival, by N Tin Maung. [Final preparations under way. Among new attractions will be "the free fall of parachutists at the opening ceremony, the scarf dance and hoop dance performances by girl students." National Sports Festival Jan. 7: Tickets for the opening of the Second National Sports Festival on Jan. 25 will be sold for K45 per pair, and for the Feb. 6 closing for K90 per pair. (NLM 1/8) [There were various articles on preparations for the Festival, and on trial heats by the various teams involved.] Jan. 25: The Second National Sports Festival was opened by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, Chairman of the National Health Committee, with great fanfare, with a torch relay, helicopter flyover, parachute jumps (including 33 lady paratroopers), traditional music, dancing displays, and a parade at the Youth Training Centre in Thuwunna. Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt said that since 1988, the SLORC had sent 1,697 athletes to participate in 96 international competitions, and they brought back 99 gold, 89 silver, and 114 bronze medals. Most Ministers and other high officials were present. A press conference was held for local representatives of domestic and foreign media; foreigners attending included Mr. Jonathan Birchell and cameraman Mr. Kyme Hallion of BBC (TV SEA Bureau); Bureau Chief Mr. Masaomi Terada, Producer Mr. Richard Dove, and cameraman Mr. Tony Jackson of BBC TV (World Business Report). The Festival cost K30 million and will be attended by 4,000 spectators. The National Objectives of the Festival are: (1) To work as a National Campaign for the realization of the motto "Myanmar Sports -- the World to Conquer"; (2) To bear in mind promotion of sports amounts to the defence of the country; (3) To enliven patriotism and national pride in conjunction with sports activities; (4) To nurture a new generation of world class athletes. (NLM 1/26) Jan. 26: There were 17 events on the first day of the Festival, in athletics, badminton, basketball, boxing, cycling, football, karate-do, rowing, canoeing, football [sic], sepak takraw, swimming, table tennis, tennis, thaing, volleyball, weightlifting, and yachting. Some events were attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 27: The Festival continued. Some events were attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 28: The Festival continued, with some events attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/29) Jan. 29: Festival events were attended by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, Minister for Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung, Minister for Transport Lt-Gen. Thein Win, and Quartermaster-General Maj-Gen. Min Thein. Prizes were presented to winners in the Second National Sports Festival Commemorative Poster, Postcard and Song and Literary, Painting, Sculpture, Cartoon and Photo Contests by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/30) Jan. 31: Festival events were watched by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt, who presented prizes to winners. (NLM 1/31) Holes-in-One Jan. 9: U Maung Htay of the Yangon City Development Committee scored a hole-in-one Jan. 8 at the fifth hole of the Myanmar Golf Course. (NLM 1/10) Jan. 22: Capt. Zaw Win Maw scored a hole-in-one on the second hole of the Myanmar Golf Course. (NLM 1/23) New Golf Resort in Insein Jan. 30: "Secretary-1 of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt, members of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Lt-Gen Phone Myint and Lt-Gen Mya Thin and Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, all at the same time hit at the first balls that blasted off fumes of various hues at the 16th hole and damsels of the Yangon City Development Committee released balloons to inaugurate the City Golf Resort on Thirimingalar Road in Insein Township this morning.... Construction of the 750 feet by 425 feet course, the first of its kind, on a 330-acre plot began in 1992 and was completed in March 1993. It enables 36 players to practise at the same time. The inauguration marked the completion of 18 out of 36 holes and the Club House, which will provide pro-shops, hair-dressing saloons, modern restaurants and bathrooms with hot and cold showers in addition to lockers. The first 18 holes are of par 72.... The last phase of the City Golf Resort project is the construction of a motel and facilities such as tennis courts and swimming pools. On completion of the whole project, amenities for the families of golfers, such as boating in the lakes, fishing, horse-riding, swimming and taking rest and recreation in the parks and playgrounds, will be available." (NLM 1/31) HEALTH Health Articles Jan. 11: 1994, the Year of Oral Health and the Myanmar Dental Profession, by Dr. Tin Maung Aung. ["Once upon a time, regarding dental materials, it had always been a matter of using 'what was conveniently available' than what one would actually have wanted to use. Today, the number of dental suppliers, through the free market economy, trade and counter trade procedures, have been able to supply the right materials for a fair price."] Jan. 12: 1994: The International Year of the Family, by Dr. Hla Yee Yee. [UN has designated 1994 as the Year of the Family, and it is well to examine family values. "The keyword is 'together'; the secret is cohesion bonds."] Jan. 20: The MMA: Forty five years of service, humanity, and humility, by Professor Hla Yee Yee. [The Myanmar Medical Association was founded in 1949: "(1) to promote the quality of health care delivery; (2) to disseminate knowledge among the health care providers; (3) to take an active role in promoting continuing education (CE) through self-instruction of the health professionals; (4) to promote collaboration among doctors to ensure cohesion and camaraderie."] Dental Draft Announced Jan. 11: The Myanmar Dental Association held its 14th Conference at the Institute of Dental Medicine. Speaking to the group, Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt "said beginning from 1969-70 dental surgeons were trained and produced at the Institute of Dental Medicine and altogether 929 dental surgeons have been produced to date. He said out of sanctioned strength of 323 dental surgeons there are only 230 dental surgeons and therefore, there are 93 vacant posts which could not be filled although applications were invited by the Public Service Selection and Training Board. He pointed out that although the State is spending huge sums in training and producing dental surgeons annually, majority of them are found to dread shouldering the responsibilities when called upon to do so and this is very regrettable. He said due to such a situation students who will attend the Institute of Dental Medicine in future must sign a pledge to serve according to the interests of the State for three years at any required time...." (NLM 1/12) Jan. 15: The Conference concluded. Elected as the Sixth Central Executive Committee were President Prof. U Khin Maung Lay, Vice-President U Myint Naing, General Secretary Prof. U Ba Myint, Joint General Secretary Dr. Myo Win, Treasurer Dr. San San Lwin, Auditor Dr. Aye Aye Cho, and 9 other EC members. (NLM 1/16) Myanmar Medical Association Jan. 20: The 40th Annual Meeting of the Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) was opened by Minister for Health Vice-Adm. Than Nyunt. He said that since 1988, 81 hospitals, 73 dispensaries, and 39 rural and 19 urban health centers had been established. 1,660 physicians, 125 dental surgeons, and 2,665 nurses and midwives had been recruited. The Meeting will last until Jan. 24, and 67 papers will be presented. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 24: A 37-member Executive Committee was elected, with Prof. Daw Kyu Kyu Swe as Chairperson and Dr. Kyaw Myint Naing as General Secretary. 67 papers were read. (NLM 1/25) CULTURAL Cultural and Scientific Articles Jan. 30: The Cat Family, by Colonel Hla Aung (Rtd). [(1) Introduction to the cat family.] TV Broadcasts Extended Jan. 1: Effective Jan. 1, TV Myanmar will begin its evening programmes at 5:30 pm daily. (NLM 1/1) Publications Dec. 31: Myanmarsar Journal, No. 23 for 1994, published by the Myanmar Literature Association of Yangon University, is now available for high school students. (NLM 1/ 1) Jan. 4: Economics Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, published by the Economics and Applied Economics Departments of the Institute of Economics, has appeared. "Articles written in English and Myanmar which will be of help to the candidates of the 10th standard examination and on market-oriented economy are included. [photo] (NLM 1/6) Jan. 14: Journal of Geography, Vol. 16, No. 1. [photo of cover] (NLM 1/14) Jan. 16: The Ministry of Trade donated 13,000 English-English-Myanmar [sic] dictionaries, valued at K6.5 million, to universities, colleges, and high and middle schools. The dictionary was compiled by SAM Translation and Publishing Co. Ltd. Minister for Trade Lt-Gen. Tun Kyi said that "although efforts are being made for the dictionary to become more advanced and precise, there can be errors, for which his Ministry will take sole responsibility if any were found as it was compiled in a short period. First, the dictionaries will be sold at universities, colleges and schools and later to the public. The dictionaries were accepted by SLORC Secretary-1 Lt-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (NLM 1/17) Jan. 26: Bulletin No. 9, for January 1994, of the Myanmar Writers and Journalists Association, has been published in 2,500 copies to honour the Sports Festival. (NLM 1/ 27) Universities Jan. 1: Rector Dr. Tun Maung of Yangon University conferred the following degrees at its 65th Convocation: MSc (74), MA (22), LLM (7), BA (398), BSc (991), LLB (195). (NLM 1/2) // Jan. 2: On the second day of the Convocation, he conferred the following degrees in the morning session: BA (167), BSc (649). In the evening session he conferred the following: BSc(Honours) (176), BA (259), BSc (407). All told, 1,400 students graduated in arts and science and 176 received post graduate degrees. (NLM 1/3) Jan. 16: Rector Dr. Tun Maung of Yangon University conferred the following degrees at its 66th Convocation: B.A(Hons) (90), B.Sc(Hons) (274), B.A (266), and B.Sc (860). (NLM 1/17) Jan. 29: The 67th Convocation of Yangon University was held. In the morning, Pro-Rector U Nyan Thin conferred the following degrees: B.A. (359), B.Sc (367). In the afternoon, Rector Dr. Tun Maung conferred the following degrees: B.Sc(Hons) (137), B.A. (263), B.Sc (357). (NLM 1/30) // Jan. 30: On the second day, Rector Dr. Tun Maung presented more degrees: B.A. (433), B.Sc (1,020). (NLM 1/31) Religion Jan. 2: Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt addressed a ceremony honoring the 15th Anniversary of the Chinese-Myanmar Buddhist Association (CMBA). Present was CMBA Chairperson Daw Khin Myint. (NLM 1/3) Jan. 6: Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt attended a coordination meeting to discuss "opening courses on religious teachings for the young and middle-aged persons," at the Department for Promotion and Propagation of the Sasana. The Minister "stressed the need for Myanmar youths to be imbued with Buddhist teachings and that basic Buddhist culture courses, talks and discussions on the topic should be held at the primary, middle, high school and university and college levels." (NLM 1/7) Jan. 26: The Yangon YMCA celebrated its Centennial, in the presence of Minister for Religious Affairs Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt, YMCA President Rev. Andrei Mya Han, and others. "The association is offering computer, English language, Japanese language, painting, sewing, embroidery, music and other courses for youths. It is also conducting karate, badminton, martial arts, basketball and boxing courses." (NLM 1/27) U Ohn Pe Literary Awards Jan. 7: The winners of the Pakokku U Ohn Win Literary Awards for 1994 were announced as: Collection of Short Stories: Hsu Pyi Noe (Dr. Aye Aye Myint) for Saya-sagar Wut-htu-toe-myar. Poetry: Maung Yin Nwe (U Thein Maung) for La-min Hnit-sin Ahlin-pyaing Kabyar-myar. Literary Treatise: Sagaing Hla Shwe (U Hla Shwe) for Maha Gita. Literary Research: Saw Lu (U Saw Tun) for Bagan-khit Myanmarsar. Novels: No award made. Life-long Literary Award: U Htin Fatt (Maung Htin), and U Tin Myint (Thinkha). In addition, the Literary Award will be presented to four Myanmarsar major students who got highest marks in Myanmarsar in the Basic Education High School Examination. Prizes will be awarded on Feb. 7, 1994; awards are K40,000 for specific categories and K50,000 for the Life-long awards. U Ohn Pe of Pakokku, owner of Thein Tayar Cheroot Factory, provided K7.6 million to the State for the awards. (NLM 1/8) Jan. 11: Literary awards worth K10,000 were awarded to students Ma Chaw Su Khaing, Maung Aung Swe, and Ma Zin Mar Oo of the University of Distance Education and Ma Khin Mar Kyu of Magwe Degree College. "The students, studying Myanmar language, got highest marks in Myanmar in the Basic Education Examination." (NLM 1/ 12) Cultural Policy Jan. 10: Speaking to State/Division Education Officer, Minister for Education Col. Pe Thein "noted that preventive measures are to be taken to stem the influence of alien cultures. Students should be educated at schools to value their own culture and preserve it...." (NLM 1/11) School Computers Jan. 22: SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo visited computer training programs at schools. "In line with the Ministry's policy towards development of computer science, computers have already been installed and courses are being offered at Latha BEHS 2, Institute of Education Practising School and Botahtaung BEHS 6 in Yangon Division, and BEHS 13 and BEHS 23 in Mandalay. More schools will have computers." (NLM 1/23) MISCELLANEOUS Sunday and Holiday Supplements Jan. 4 [Independence Day]: -- Full page of photographs of activities of SLORC Chairman Senior General Than Shwe during 1993. -- Significant role of Tatmadaw in struggle for Independence, by Ko Soe. [Burma Independence Army and Burma Defence Army in World War II.] -- Memories of the past still awakens nationalism, by Ye Nyunt. [Activities of the Thakins in 1930s.] -- Freedom lovers, by Maung Dawna. [Struggles against the British.] -- Time for recollection and making resolutions, by Theimm Htut. [Struggles against the British.] -- We must safeguard our independence and cherish our sovereignty, by Min Kyaw Min. [Struggles against the British.] Jan. 9: -- Let us rally around the Tatmadaw, build and defend the country, by Minye Kaungbon. [Cont. (24) British administration from 1935-1942.] -- A museum to preserve the glorious history of the Tatmadaw, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Cont. (6) World War II period exhibits; role of Tatmadaw since independence.] -- Barlar Nga-khu fish farm which is achieving success, by Thein Mya Lwin. [Fish farm in Mingaladon Twp. {Yangon}.] -- Paddy to be cultivated throughout the year, by Myat Swe. [Summer paddy in Bago Division. "Farmers were ebullient as they saw every where lush around them."] -- Tapping underground water resources for cultivating crops, by Ko Ko Oo. [Projects for underground water utilization. System of drilling five wells in a cluster, and using pumps; each project costs K60,000, and the Government will help.] -- Creating holiday resorts, by Pe Than. [12 hotel projects have been signed with foreign companies by the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism.] -- Making a low lift water pump with palm oil drums, by Shwe Nagar Tin Win. [An easy low-tech system.] Jan. 23: -- Let us rally around the Tatmadaw, build and defend the country, by Minye Kaungbon. [Cont. (25) Need for Myanmar defense expenditures, though they are under 1% of the superpowers, which conduct "a false propaganda campaign alleging that Myanmar has been spending a lot for armaments, and that Myanmars might even be able to destabilize the political and military situation in south-east Asia.] -- A museum to preserve the glorious history of the Tatmadaw, by Ahtet Minhla Nyunt Aung. [Cont. (7) The Tatmadaw from 1948-62; "General Ne Win...like a mother, nourished, nurtured, brought up and developed the Tatmadaw...."] -- The pleasant land of Arkhar nationals, by Taungdwin Bo Thein. [Visit to Nampan village, under the aegis of "Arkhar national and delegate to the National Convention U Chai Bwi."] -- From nine districts to the whole world, by Aung Shwe Oo. [(1) Program to develop the "nine special districts" of the dry zone.] -- First successful agriculture using river water, by Myint Thura. [Irrigation in Pathein East Township, Ayeyarwady Division.] -- Ayeyar, the land on which the State relies on {sic}, by Aung Soe (Myaungmya). [Development in Ayeyarwady Division.] -- South Nawin Dam construction project, by Ko Ko Oo. [Project to irrigate 62,500 acres in Paukkhaung Township, Bago Division, to be completed in March 1995. Cost: K585.1 million plus equivalent of K291.1 million in foreign exchange.] Jan. 30: -- Let us rally around the Tatmadaw, build and defend the country, by Minye Kaungbon. [Cont. (26) National Convention. A 1974 report on Tatmadaw and enemy casualties from 1962-1973 provided the following statistics: Tatmadaw Enemy AWOL/MIA Killed Captured/ Killed Surrendered 1962 257 697 2199 1339 1963 296 496 2244 1605 1964 413 696 3116 2202 1965 294 639 7327 2004 1966 168 531 3639 1222 1967 90 597 3870 2307 1968 184 775 5363 2941 1969 365 885 5448 2206 1970 613 971 3736 1827 1971 195 1125 3255 1375 1972 271 1114 3112 1339 1973 157 952 4730 1273 Total 3303 9478 48019 21640 Between Sept. 18, 1988 and May 31, 1991, 3,266 Tatmadawmen were killed and 11,210 wounded.] -- Myanma Railways which is reaching out to national brethren in the hill regions, by Lwin Hein Aung (Pa-O). [Various railway projects. "This is the reason why, leader of the Pa-O national group U Aung Hkam Hti commented to me that the new railroad construction project and other development projects are being implemented more for the benefit of the regional people rather than the interests of the State and therefore, they highly regard the goodwill placed by the leaders of the State towards the national brethren and they thank them for this."] -- Time-table for a dramatic show, by Pe Than. [Importance of allowing a full three hours for a traditional drama.] -- From nine districts to the whole world, by Aung Shwe Oo. [Cont. (2) Program to develop the "nine special districts" of the dry zone. The districts, with population, are Myingyan (1,330,900), Meiktila (1,188,699), Yamethinn (935,860), Sagaing (712,564), Monywa (1,102,663), Pakokku (1,315,999), Magway (894,746), Minbu (494,893), and Thatet (609,828) == Total 8,586,252.] -- Myanmar capability is known to the world, by Shwe Nagar Tin Win. [Local foundry in Thabyu that achieved wonders during World War II; 90.52 ton Mingun Bell cast during the reign of King Bodaw.] -- New railroad construction achieving success with people's might, by Kyaw Sein. [Importance of volunteer labour in building railroads.] -- Voluntary service by people in Chaungkauk Dam, by Myint Lwin Thein (Pyawbwe). [Labour by over 5,000 people in Pyawbwe Township.] Crime Jan. 9: The Yangon Special Court on Dec. 31 handed down 7-year sentences to 11 timber merchants and 11 forest personnel, following seizure on Oct. 6 of 310 tons of illegal teak from one U Yar Kyi in Monywa [details]. (NLM 1/10) Jan. 15: Four pick-pocket gang leaders were arrested from Jan. 3-5 [names and details] in Yangon Division. They had snatched 262 watches from 1992-93. 34 watches worth K128,250 were confiscated. (NLM 1/16) Jan. 19: Yangon Division Court on Dec. 16 and 25 sentenced four illegal log carriers to two and four years imprisonment [details]. (NLM 1/20) Murder & Retribution Jan. 10: Four pickpockets murdered first year student Maung Naing Win of the Institute of Economics on Jan. 8. The student "was assaulted by them when he asked for his wallet. He sustained multiple knife wounds and was sent to Yangon General Hospital, where he succumbed. The Yangon Division People's Police Force Commander's Office led the investigations into the case and nabbed the four culprits overnight. They are Khin Maung Oo (a) Let Kat..., Tin Kyu..., Myint Kyaw (a) Nagabat..., and Hla Tun.... Prompt action was taken to prevent recurrence. The Special Court of the Yangon West District tried the four and passed the death sentence under Section 302 (1) (c)/34 of the Penal Code." [photos] (NLM 1/ 11) Jan. 11 [full text]: "Two police officers dismissed from service for lack of preventive measures. First Year student of the Institute of Economics Maung Naing Win was knifed to death by four pick-pockets when he went after them to demand the return of his wallet at the Station Road bus stop in Hline Township on 8 January. At about 6.30 pm on that day, the wallet of the student was picked on board a No 8 line bus. In the ensuing incident, the student was fatally knifed by the four pickpockets. The death penalty was passed on the four, including Khin Maung Oo (a) Let Kat. As further investigations reveal that the incident had taken place owing to a lack of proper crime prevention, Commander of Hline Township PPF Police Captain Maung Maung and Commander of Hlinetharya Township PPF Police Captain Soe Min have been dismissed from service, said the authorities concerned." Jan. 11: Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin lectured 165 police officials, pointing out that the Jan. 8 murder "was a case that should not have taken place. Sentences had already been passed against the murderers, he said. The incident indicates that there is weakness in ensuring the rule of law and order, he said. There is weakness in suppressing vice. The PPF Stations are to suppress vice by laying down plans and they are to act boldly according to law, he said. The Minister said they are to take drastic action...against those with habitual records of theft and pickpocketing and those with no permanent residence nor stable employment.... He said he had already told them to carry out duties conscientiously or else serious action would be taken. He said that duty is again assigned to them and they are to carry out the duty precisely otherwise severe action would be taken...." (NLM 1/12) Jan. 12: Editorial: For commuter safety. ["No matter how many more buses are imported and put into service...or no matter how many trains added, commuters still have to struggle to get seats, or at least to be strap-hangers, specially during rush hours. And who might travel on the same congested transports but miscreants who pick the pockets of the unsuspecting and the innocent. Pick-pockets, buses and trains are synonymous, or have been, one might say. And those who get robbed of their meagre earnings could be none the wiser to go any farther than lament. It is a crime committee and it is a crying shame nobody had (repeat had) done anything much in the past. Police who are supposed to look for the snatch-thieves not quite readily help the victims on the pretext that they have other cases to attend to. But a bolt from the blue visited them. Two station commanders were sacked because the two precincts concerned had done little to prevent the thugs from harassing the innocent. It was no laughing matter. A student who [sic] went after those who had deprived him of his wallet. They took the challenge to be too brazen for their liking and had knifed him to death. The authorities sprang to act, had the thugs apprehended over-night and gave them the death penalty the very next day. Nobody takes delight in hearing about the death penalty, because Myanmar is one of the countries striving to phase out capital punishment. However, in the light of what had taken place, the public was aghast over the murder and the penalty had settled fears about what they might have to face in future had not such severe action been taken.... Had the law enforcement people concerned acted seriously much earlier without having to be told, they could have saved people the embarrassment and, more important, that very innocent life.... Of course, as the Minister has exhorted, it is left to the police to make such a guarantee. Or else..."] Jan. 12: Further action was taken against police officers who were "found responsible for not being able to effectively carry out crime prevention measures in Yangon Division. Yangon PPF Commander Police Col. Thein Lin is transferred to Rakhine State; Deputy Division Commander No. 1 Police Lt-Col. Tun Than is transferred to No. 5 PPF Battalion, Deputy Division Commander No. 3 Police Lt-Col. Win Kyi is transferred to Sagaing, and Deputy Division Commander (Staff) Police Lt-Col. Myint Aung "has been permitted to retire." Jan. 13: Four police lieutenants and second lieutenants, and four policemen [named], from Hlinetharyar Twp. and Hline Twp. police stations, "were dismissed with effect from 12 January for not being able to effectively handle crime prevention measures in Yangon Division." (NLM 1/14) Jan. 15: People's Police Force Quartermaster-General Police Brig-Gen. Myint Thein met with 22 police officers and 61 other ranks from Hmawby, Htantabin, Taikkyi, and Hlegu Twps. [Yangon]. "Police officers from Yangon Division, he said, have been dismissed from their post for their incompetence in combatting crime. He said PPF personnel, who cannot dutifully perform their task will be not only dismissed but action will be also taken against them." (NLM 1/16) Jan. 20: Speaking to headquarters and state/division police officials, Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin "said it is necessary to discuss frankly the weaknesses and shortfalls encountered in the discharge of duties as well as the reasons of success and failures.... As duties were not performed correctly and comprehensively and there was lack of supervision by officials at different levels, there arose problems. He said he had told them there was no refuge for criminals and they will surface one day. There must be a close vigil of habitual offenders or else there will occur crimes, he said. Continuing, he said, action has already been taken against PPF personnel concerned for their weaknesses in crime prevention measures and that similar action will be taken against incompetent personnel.... Target dates are prescribed for exposing certain offences and action such a transfers, retirement and dismissals will be taken against those who fail to carry out that duty in time, he said." (NLM 1/21) Jan. 21: SLORC Secretary-2 Lt-Gen. Tin Oo told police officials that "despite general improvement, there are daring offences of crimes in defiance of personnel and organizations concerned, especially in Yangon City.... Despite education through media, corrupt practices still exist in the higher to the lower levels, threatening the perpetuation of the nation." He called on all concerned "to effectively expose crimes, cases of bribery and daring culprits, to take care not to mete out punishments on innocent persons, to strive to be persons in whom people have faith and respect and to abstain from bribery and corruption." Minister for Home Affairs Lt-Gen. Mya Thin "spoke of the need for exposing pick-pocketing cases in the city and warned of drastic action to be taken against those who are not dutiful." (NLM 1/22) Anti-Narcotics Activities Dec. 31: From Nov. 21-Dec. 22, the Tatmadaw and others destroyed a total of 1,492 acres of opium poppy in the Eastern Command area. (NLM 1/1) Jan. 3: Legal aspect of the term "narcotic drugs" defined by the Supreme Court, by KMO. [Law cases on the subject.] Jan. 3: One Li Kum Shin (a) Li Vik Shin who shot and killed Assistant Immigration Head U Kyaw Aye Khaing while resisting arrest for possession of heroin on July 9, was sentenced to death by Lashio District Court. 2.8 kilos of heroin were seized Dec. 28 on a Lashio-Mandalay bus. (NLM 1/4) Jan. 12: 26.0 kilos of raw opium were seized Jan. 6 in Pindaya Twp. (NLM 1/13) Jan. 17: 0.06 kilo of heroin was seized Jan. 13 in Taunggyi. (NLM 1/18) Jan. 19: 240 bottles of Phensedyl were seized Jan. 26 in Kalay Twp. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 20: 13 bottles of Teradyl were seized Jan. 16 in Myeik [Tanintharyi]. 32.7 kilos of raw opium were seized Jan. 12 in Mandalay. (NLM 1/21) Jan. 21: 15.8 kilos of raw opium were seized Jan. 3 near Kunlong village, Namhkam Twp. [Shan]. On the same day 3.3 kilos of raw opium were seized at a Lashio checkpoint. 1.4 kilos of Kyet-hnit-kaung Gabalone brand heroin were seized in Lashio the same day on the Lashiogyi-Hsenwi Road. (NLM 1/22) Jan. 24: Drug-related cases vs duty of witnesses, by KMO. [Need for people to come forward as witnesses in narcotics cases. "It is...necessary...to educate the public to understand the role and duty of witnesses and testify the truth nothing but the truth before the Court to enable the Court to meet a correct decision.] Jan. 26: 45.2 kilos of opium were seized Jan. 8 at the Katha/Naba bus terminal. (NLM 1/27) Jan. 27: During December 1993 the Tatmadaw seized 0.3 kilo of opium, 1.6 kilos of heroin, 24.5 kilos of marijuana, and 61.3 litres of Phensedyl. The Police seized 17.5 kilos of opium (35 cases), 6.9 kilos of heroin (168 cases), 106.0 kilos of marijuana (41 cases), 219.3 litres of Phensedyl (14 cases), 0.03 kilo of heavy opium solution (4 cases), 0.07 kilo of opium powder (1 case), 0.02 kilo of liquid opium (1 case). There were 126 cases of failure to register, and 5 other drug-related cases. The Police handled 395 cases and took action against 536 persons. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 27: During calendar year 1993, the Tatmadaw seized 880.3 kilos of opium, 18.7 kilos of heroin, 140.4 kilos of marijuana, 105.7 litres of Phensedyl, 0.03 kilo of heavy opium solution, and 16 gallons of hydrochloric acid. The Customs Department seized 0.0002 kilo of heroin (1 case) and 6 litres of Phensedyl (1 case). The Police seized 1535.8 kilos of opium (669 cases), 260.2 kilos of heroin (2076 cases), 458.6 kilos of marijuana (553 cases), 2347.1 litres of Phensedyl (238 cases), 6.9 kilos of heavy opium solution (38 cases), 16.1 litres of Teradyl (6 cases), 1.3 kilos of liquid opium (4 cases), 125 vials of morphine injection (1 case), 0.5 kilo of opium powder (5 cases), 488 vials of pethidine injection (2 cases), 23.6 litres of Fencodeine (2 cases), 15 tablets of Methqualone (1 case), 4.5 litres of Comethazine (3 cases), 0.1 kilo of opium block (1 case), 15.8 litres of Methadyl (3 cases), 3.9 litres of Tixylix (2 cases), and 1,000 gallons of acetic anhydride (1 case). There were 1,896 cases of failure to register for treatment and 94 other drug related cases. Action was taken against 7,520 persons. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 27: 1 litres of Teradyl were seized Jan. 20 in Myeik. 0.008 kilo of opium residue was seized Dec. 19 at the Tachilek Maesai bridge. (NLM 1/28) Jan. 28: 77 bottles of Phensedyl were seized Jan. 18 in Tamu. (NLM 1/29) Jan. 29: 6.8 kilos of opium were seized Jan. 23 in Nyaungshwe Twp. [Shan]. (NLM 1/30) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are obituaries in Burmese as well.] Jan. 1: Daw Saw Yin, Kyauktan, widow of U Ba Thaung, died in Yangon, aged 89. (NLM 1/2) Jan. 1: Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Vasavabhivamsa, Presiding Sayadaw of Bago Division Kawa Township Thakkala Sasana Yaungchi Sarsintaik, Patron of Thakkala Gana, vasa 67, died, aged 86. [article] (NLM 1/3) Jan. 5: U Aung Kyaw Thar (Jeffery Tha Htoon), Myanmar Representative, CDC, Thailand, died in Yangon, aged 43. (NLM 1/6) Jan. 6: Mrs. Rita Knight, widow of Mr. Robert W. Knight (Records Office, ex-British Embassy), died in Yangon, aged 65. (NLM 1/ 7) Jan. 7: Col. Dr. Maung Maung Than (Retd. Medical Superintendent, DSGH), BC/5126, husband of the late Daw Khin Shwe, died in Yangon, aged 82. (NLM 1/9) Jan. 10: U Soe Thein (Chittoo), Old Suttonian, Managing Director, Dolphin Co. Ltd., husband of Daw Thida Nyunt Tin, died in Yangon, aged 47. (NLM 1/11) Jan. 11: Mercy Titus (Mrs. C. Hla Shwe), wife of the late Clarence Hla Shwe, died in Yangon, aged 62. [Christian] (NLM 1/12) Jan. 12: Daw Mya Kyi (a) Mrs. Gertie Sherman (Myeik), wife of Mr. Cyril Sherman (a) U Sonny, died in Yangon, aged 91. [Catholic] (NLM 1/13) Jan. 19: Daw Nyunt Han, (Retired) Chief Curator, National Museum, wife of U Nyein, died in Yangon, aged 73. (NLM 1/20) Jan. 29: U Chaing So, husband of Mrs. Helga So Hartman, died in Yangon, aged 41. (NLM 1/30) Traffic Accidents Jan. 1: The number of road accidents in Yangon in 1993 was 634, which left 125 dead and 900 injured in various degrees. Compared with the previous decade road accidents declined by 64 per cent, fatalities by 23 per cent, and injuries by 15 per cent. (NLM 1/2) Fires Jan. 8: More cash donations were received for Myingyan fire victims; a total of over K4 million has been collected to date. (NLM 1/9) Jan. 24: A fire in Ward 4, Hline Twp. [Yangon] destroyed 700 houses, leaving 5,100 people from 1,200 households homeless. A fire in Nathagon Ward, Insein Twp. [Yangon] destroyed 12 houses, leaving 89 people from 12 households homeless. (NLM 1/25) ----- SUBSCRIPTIONS & RENEWALS ATT: Burma Press Summary The Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies University of Illinois 910 South Fifth Street, RM 230 Champaign, IL 61820 Annual Subscriptions: US$ 50.00 Add Postal surcharge for Canada - US$ 2.00 Foreign (surface) - US$ 2.00 Europe (air) - US$ 20.00 Asia (air) - US $ 25.00 [additional charge for US$ check on foreign bank - $5.00] NOTE: Checks should be payable to: University of Illinois, with "Burma Press Summary" annotated on check. 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