93-03 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY From the Rangoon "Working People's Daily" Compiled for the Burma Studies Group by Hugh C. MacDougall Published by the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Illinois Volume VII, No. 3, March 1993 Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans 2 Cartoons 2 Political Articles 2 Returnees from Bangladesh 8 Prisoners Released 8 Gen. Than Shwe to UDNR 8 Living Standards & Prestige 9 Doctors Refresher Course 9 Voluntary Labour Contributions 9 LORC/Teacher Training Courses Set 10 Killing of U Win Ko 10 Fraudulent Report on Forced Labour 10 NATIONAL CONVENTION U Aung Than on Chapter Headings 10 Panel Discussions 13 U Aung Toe on Chapter Headings 14 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 17 New Myanmar Ambassadors 18 New Ambassadors to Myanmar 18 Myanmar-China Boundary 18 Myanmar-Laos Boundary 18 Text of VOA Broadcast 18 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops 19 Foreign Donations 19 Anti-Narcotics Cooperation 19 Chinese Arts & Crafts Exhibit 19 FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Visitors 19 Business Visitors 20 Academic Visitors 20 Religious Delegations 20 Foreign Journalists 21 Chinese Civil Minister 21 Japanese Customs Delegation 21 Bangladeshi Minister 21 Indian Foreign Secretary 21 US Ex-Congressmen 21 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 21 Religious Delegations 22 Delegations to Meetings & Events 22 Deputy Foreign Minister to Japan 22 MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 22 Appointments Confirmed 22 GOVERNMENT Peasants Day Message 22 Religious Titles Granted 23 Supplementary Appropriations Law 24 Armed Forces Day 24 Gen. Than Shwe on Tatmadaw Role 25 1993 State Budget Law 28 MILITARY Insurgent Attacks 30 ABSDF Terrorists Killed 30 Insurgents Surrender 30 Bangladesh Border Incident 30 Opium Bandits Massacre 122 30 Annual Military Report 30 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 32 Construction & Other Projects 33 Joint Ventures 34 Advertisements 35 Gems Emporium 35 New Revenue Stamps 35 Courses 35 Exports 35 Civil Service Housing Loans Eased 35 Off-shore Gas Drilling Begins 36 Agricultural Loan Rates 36 Film and Cameras, for Dollars 36 New Bank Licensed 36 Taxes 36 Mogok Motel Inaugurated 36 Meteorology 36 25 % Civil Service Pay Raise 37 Rainfall in Yangon 38 HEALTH Malaria Workshop 38 SPORTS Myanmar Teams & Delegations 38 Visiting Teams & Delegations 39 Sports Institute To Be Upgraded 39 CULTURAL Literary and Cultural Articles 39 University Convocations 39 Armed Forces Cultural Competitions 39 Monastic Schools 39 High School Exams 40 Baha'i Exhibition 40 Advice to Librarians 40 MISCELLANEOUS Crime 40 Anti-Narcotics Activities 41 Obituaries 41 Public Trainees Injured 42 Fires 42 Happy Birthday 42 Marriage 42 ------------------------------------------- HIGHLIGHTS -- THIS ISSUE MARKS THE SIXTH FULL YEAR OF THE PUBLICATION OF THE BURMA PRESS SUMMARY, which began with the April 1987 issue. -- Renewed National Convention Session [National Convention] -- Denials of rumours about forced labour, executions, Chinese bases, assassination of U Win Ko, attack on Bangladesh border guards, etc. [Political Articles] -- Call for all youth to join the Tatmadaw [Political Articles] -- Annual Military Report [Military] -- 1992 Annual Supplementary Appropriation Law [Government] -- Gen. Than Shwe's Armed Forces Day Address on the future role of the Tatmadaw [Government] -- Easing of housing-loan payments and 25% pay and pension raise for civil servants [Economic] -- 1993 State Budget Law [Government] POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans Regular Slogans: See January 1993 issue. Variable Slogans: Since August 1991, The Working People's Daily has run a changing religious slogan at the top of each front page: Mar. 1-3: Dananca, generosity; this is the way to auspiciousness. Mar. 4-15: Dhammacariya ca, lawful conduct; this is the way to auspiciousness. Mar. 16-31: Natakananca sangaho, to support the relatives; this is the way to auspiciousness. Cartoons Mar. 2: First Myanmar (looking at coughing man): "That man's worthy of praise. He goes to work even though he's ill." Second Myanmar: "Of course he does 컴 that's how he earns 'outside' (money) everyday." Mar. 3: Crowd rushes from ferry at Thanlyin [Syriam] landing. Myanmar: "Hey! Hey! What? The ship has not berthed as yet." Crowd: "We've to catch the bus." Mar. 15: Myanmars watching a group, on the far side of a fence, shouting insults at them: "Hah! Who are those next door? Where did they come from? without knowing what they're up to, they're pitching a fight. Don't know whether they think they're 'Nobel' people." Mar. 16: First Myanmar: "Hey! friend... A person by the name of Tu Tu, cried and acted a part which was said to be very funny and laughable, at a border of our country recently. Is he our famous vocalist Tu Tu?" Second Myanmar: "Oh! What an absurd thing to say... Our vocalist Tu Tu does not know how to cry to make people laugh... Whenever we hear his songs we are always filled with joy... The Tu Tu you just mentioned is international Tu Tu... He is a Nobel...or whatever...he is... I don't know." Political Articles Following the pattern begun in October 1988, many issues contain lengthy feature articles, translated from Burmese, designed to bolster government views and policies. Editorials sometimes touch on similar themes. We note them briefly, with excerpts of typical or particularly significant portion: Mar. 1: A lesson from 200 years past, by Maha Thamun. [KNU's Nga Mya compared with traitors Nga Thande and Shin Byan in reign of King Bodaw Phayar about 1800.] Mar. 1: In Honour of 48th Armed Forces Day [hereafter IH48AFD]: Indignation at Thabyedan Fort, by Maung Myo Tun (Myingyan). [Shameful surrender of the Hluttaw to the British in 1885. Never again will the Army be betrayed.] Mar. 1,3,5-6,9,11,14: If I Speak Out, It May Amount to Aung Min's Taking too Much for Granted, by Aung Min. [(1) Fumbling Nobels. How they embraced Nga Mya and Sein Win, and now "are busy attempting to insult Myanmar after rushing to Geneva in a bid to create plenty of sumptuous foods and good income for themselves." (2) They say "Hate and oppose Bamars". KNU preaches hate and wants secession from Myanmar. "There cannot be any motive more vicious or satanic!" (3) The gift of Guthabhani Sutta. Everyone regards KNU leader "Killer" Nga Mya and his evil men "as being even more unwholesome, unsavoury and hateful than human refuse...." He is the kind of person Lord Buddha spoke of in the Guthbhani Sutta, "who says words as unwholesome and foulsmelling as faeces." (4) It's time of need, let's be united. Myanmar's population less than its neighbours and should be increased: "I wonder whether the confirmed bachelors and spinsters should be fined for their failure to perform their duty of 'preserving one's race.'" According to 1990 Census, population was 41 million, of whom those under 14 were 16.9 million, those 15-59 2.6 million, and those over 60 2.4 million. (5) The most heinous political sin. Working against the interests of everybody, like KNU leader Nga Mya. (6) "The best is Ko Kyaw Hein's and Ma Tu's..." Just because Kawkareik and Kya-in-Seikkyi Townships in Kayin State have Mon majorities, they should not be transferred to Mon State. (7) Can there be a Kachin republic? No. The population is too mixed {statistics for various townships given}. ] Mar. 2: Outsiders' talk: not worth even a pinch of salt, by Nyan Htet. [Tourists generally say "'the reports which we have heard outside depict the Myanmar Naing-Ngan like some sort of "killing field" where disorder and anxiety is rife or abounds; but when we see it for ourselves, we find that it is a very beautiful country which is extremely peaceful and tranquil.'" Mar. 2,4,6,8,10,12,15-17,20,22,24,28,30: Thet-le and Shwethway Discussions, by Warazein. [(1) It is the Tatmadaw which is bringing about the genuine multiparty democracy system. Not "the false allegations made by the 'Nobels' against our country...." [(2) National Reconciliation {corrected to National Consolidation, 3/5}. The principal concept of the National Convention. [(3) Revolutionary vigilance. Needed against terrorists. [(4) Feeling shame for another person's indecency. Zoe Baird was rejected because she hired an illegal alien. "A woman in our country {Daw Aung San Suu Kyi--HCMacD.} committed acts of crime worse than that and I wonder why they don't make protests against her, pointing out her crimes. I, too, wonder what is their motive for praising her as a 'heroine' instead of making protests against her crimes.... This woman knowingly accepted these insurgents {Soe Myat Thu and Taik-paik (a) Than Tun Soe}, gave them support, looked after them, met them and spoke words of encouragement in violation of law; this is an act of crime.... She also mentioned 'civil disobedience' as being the programme of Bogyoke Aung San and spoke of the motto 'defy authority' in her speeches.... We don't want to talk about this woman very much. But certain Nobel prize recipients who are the stooges of neo-colonialists as well as certain foreign periodicals and broadcasting stations which reflect their voices give her too much publicity and trust [sic] upon her as a great heroine. I really want to laugh and their acts are disgusting.... 'Asiaweek' and a few other periodicals published her photo, her photo in an intimate pose with her husband and the photo of their offspring. And I believe it has a certain meaning behind it. But as a Myanmar, I feel ashamed.... It's like the proverb which literally means 'Feeling shame for another person's indecency.'" [(5) Political Musavada. Comparing activities of religious Nobel prize recipients {Dalai Lama and Bishop Desmond Tutu} with Myanmar's "Most Reverend Sayadaws and noble Sangha" is like U Ponnya's poem Yaing Maik Te Nyan: "When lice and fleas have pretensions of greatness; 'Tis ludicrous, like dung-pile compared to Mount Meru; As piss-puddles against an ocean, Potsherds compare ill against gold goblets; As menstrual blood against cream-of-prawn, Or as royal satin against filthy under-wear, Most perverse of concepts are these, 'Cause comparisons are too great to bridge!" [(6) Expatriate Re-incarnate. Tin Maung Win, "who used to be the Vice-Chairman of what used to be known as CRDB.... Though ...born of Myanmar parents he has embraced the life of an expatriate destructive terrorist. But in truth, he is nothing more than a nonentity who is at the beck and call of a certain powerful neo-colonialist nation; he is nothing more than a turn-coat and a traitor who is having to embrace the feet of the international bully which has been using him...." [(7) Preaching a discourse and doing nothing. "Certain radio stations which are under the influence of the neo-colonialists have also made broadcasts affronting the {National} Convention delegates without any firm reason.... They commented that the Convention delegates have to live under restraint and that they are undergoing a boring and dull time.... {Description of facilities and entertainment provided delegates.} They said that the peasant delegates are drunk almost all the time because they can buy alcohol cheaply.... One radio station...said that at this time nobody but the military government will recognize a Constitution drawn without a woman favoured by certain neo-colonialist countries.... In other words, it finally came out clearly that they favour the system in which a person who can be dictated by them is to be elected." [(8) To say what has to be said. "Some of those who don't know anything about this lovely Myanmar habit {of voluntary labour} and those who desire to devastate the country and keep it under their influence, those who are still clinging to imperialist notions, those domineering super powers and their cohorts accuse our country of forcing the people to do hard labour as in the days of the Roman Empire.... In a recent broadcast they have alleged that the government is persecuting the people and meting out summary executions.... These people are only making nonsensical allegations. Illegal executions can never be kept concealed as you know...." [(9) "...With a total disregard of truth". A broadcasting station in the first week of February "broadcast that the Chinese Government has been building up its naval strength so that it would be able to dominate both the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean.... During the past few years the Chinese Government had increased its influence economically, militarily and politically over our Myanmar Naing-Ngan...and certain observers had commented that at this rate the Myanmar Naing-Ngan will either become an autonomous region under Chinese influence or else a suzerain State under the Chinese.... The broadcast has said that there are certain similarities between the government of China and the government of our country. This is a deliberate attempt on the part of the broadcasting station to make us two countries appear to be rogues in the eyes of the international community.... The broadcasting station...said China would become a major power capable of dominating the two oceans if they are able to use the coasts along the Myanmar Naing-Ngan for naval bases...that the Myanmar Naing-Ngan was about to allow China the use of the Pathein Naval Base in the south-west of Myanmar Naing-Ngan; and ...that the Chinese Foreign Minister who recently came to Myanmar Naing-Ngan made overtures offering military assistance to Myanmar Naing-Ngan and all those things.... These in fact are baseless reports having no substance whatsoever...." [(10) True friends. Chinese Spokesman Wu Quinnin, speaking on Radio Beijing, rebutted "'the reports that while the Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen was visiting Myanmar Naing-Ngan they have offered military and financial aid to Myanmar Naing-Ngan so that Myanmar Naing-Ngan would give China permission for using the Pathein Naval Base and also to enable China to extend its influence and dominate the Indian Ocean.'" During his visit "there was no discussion whatsoever about military cooperation." China and Myanmar are true friends. [(11) Burning a barn to kill a rat. International sanctions against countries are "tantamount to making the people to lead to a state of abject poverty and to making them go hungry." In the time of Lord Buddha, a King who did this to a city was condemned to hell. [(12) "Evil schemes identical". "This fellow Win Ko simply was not worth killing! Even if he was, it certainly would not have been done in a neighbouring country, at the risk of adversely affecting friendly relations between the two countries.... According to AP, Win Ko was knifed to death in Kunming on his way back to Manerplaw... and that his body was found at a hotel in Kunming on 2 March...." This is just another example of "mutual extermination and assassination measures among the KNU...." [(13) Let all be clear of suspicions. False charge that Myanmar border guards operated inside Bangladesh. "There are also Muslims of common stock on both sides of the border.... Especially Kalazoe terrorists' hiding places are in the other country.... One Kalazoe terrorist organization is Rohingya Solidarity Organization (RSO) and another is Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front (ARIF).... {Other Rakhine terrorist organizations are} Bamarpyi Communist Party (Rakhine State), Ba Ka Pa (White Flag Communists), Rakhine Communist Party (Ra Ka Pa) (Red Flag Communists), Myanmar Naing-Ngan-lon-saing-yar Kyaung-thar-myar Nyi-nyut-yat Tat-U (Rakhine State), Rakhine Lut-myauk-yay Party, Rakhine-pyi Amyothar Nyi-nyut-yay Tat-U, etc.... The Kalazoe and Rakhine terrorists are plying between Myanmar and Bangladesh and are committing robbery, looting, murder and rape, harassing local populace. Their allegations have been made to appear that Myanmars are committing them.... Local people fled the terrorists' harassment and regarding this, foreign correspondents, in collaboration with the terrorists, wrote and broadcast allegations that they fled Myanmar nationals' religious and economic persecutions. They also exaggerated the number of emigrants ...." [(14) See the error, realize the truth. The truth will always come out. "For instance, a foreign broadcasting station which is well-known fo saying and unsaying things as it suits their purpose every now and then, stated on 24 March, 'It was reported that the number of those of Islamic faith who fled to Bangladesh due to repression on the side of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan was over 200,000. However, it is only now being realized that they fled to Bangladesh not because of any repression on the side of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan but simply because they hoped for better economic conditions....'"] Mar. 3: "Birds of a feather..." by Yebaw Thit Maung. [KNU atrocities and corruption. KNU "activities have not been different from the worst actions of the notorious Mafia...."] Mar. 4: Some relevant facts about Kayin terrorists, by Ko Ko Lwin. ["There are some who have expressed sympathy for Kayin terrorists. Some Westerners in particular have even gone to visit the Kayin terrorists, some for considerable periods of time .... It may be because some of the leaders of KNU terrorists are Christians; or else it may be because the Kayins and the British used to be very close. A large majority... are mercenary soldiers, who give military training in exchange for payment. And there are also newsmen who...get money from the Kayin terrorists by writing only good things about them.... Some...write and publish books...." Jonothan Falla, who lived for a year with the Kayin terrorists about 1987, has published a book called "True Love and Bartholomew" {photo of cover}. He quotes British missionary D.M. Smeaton (1887) on Kayin barbarism; when Kayins attack a house of Myanmar patriots resisting British colonial occupation they kill the men and seize women slaves: "'All the rest are killed. Infants are always killed and children are often barbarously massacred. Their hands and feet are cut off and their bodies hacked into small pieces.'" Falla recounts how, in 1987, "he had heard that Myanmar POWs when captured were routinely captured and killed," prisoners regularly disappeared, railway trains were mined "to get practice," children were recruited by force, and opposition assassinated. Since the "great big Nobel prize recipients" viewed Kayin terrorists as "harmless 'refugees'.... Let me remind you that what I have revealed about the Kayin terrorists is just a small portion of the whole evil fabric of vicious terrorism in which they have been engaged all these years."] Mar. 4: Editorial: Don't knock the Myanma Tatmadaw. ["Power maniacs together with narrow minded racists are still seeking ways and means to weaken the Tatmadaw and to throw the country to the wolves. We, true citizens of Myanmar will never tolerate any act that will weaken the Tatmadaw; for, this can only lead to the disintegration of the Union. Our nation of Myanmars can only be as strong as the Tatmadaw is strong. So don't knock the Myanma Tatmadaw!"] Mar. 5: The predicament of the "refugees", by Yebaw Thit Maung. [So-called refugees in Thailand "are made up of those KNU families, smugglers and contraband carriers who had absconded in 1984 and villagers who, in 1985 had been forcefully displaced and moved to the present areas by the KNU."] Mar. 6: An American army veteran and 'Bama Tatmadaw', by Mya Win. [Visit to Myanmar by Dr. Roger Hilsman and his wife from Feb. 28-Mar. 5. Dr. Hilsman was Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs under the Kennedy Administration, a veteran of Merril's Maurauders [sic] in Burma during World War II, and a Democrat deeply involved in the Clinton campaign. He is a Professor at Columbia and writer on international and military affairs. He visited the Defence Services Miuseum and Historical Research Centre on Mar. 4, and "expressed the increased respect he felt for the Bama Tatmadaw." He really understands Myanmar, and Western nations would do well to listen to him."] // Mar. 25: Prof. Hilsman will be interviewed on Myanmar TV on Mar. 26, after Myanmar programming. (WPD 3/26) Mar. 7: Taphet Naing-Ngan or next-door country, by Maha Thamun. [Myanmar has never accepted rebels from its neighbours.] Mar. 8: Internal insurgency and outside interference, by Sithu Aung. ["At present, the existing insurgents in the country have transformed into self-seeking armed terrorists who give priority to economic gains rather than operations for ideological and racial beliefs...."] Mar. 8: IH48AFD: The traditional form of Tatmadaw organization, by Nyunt Han (Kyudaw). [The Tatmadaw under Myanmar kings.] Mar. 9: IH48AFD: The Tatmadaw of the people, by Myat Min Hlaing. ["An establishment born with a correct political consciousness dedicated to anti-imperialism and national liberation." Mar. 9: Best disciples of the devil, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [The KNU.] Mar. 11: I have seen it on the video, by Maha Thamun. [Various false allegations by foreign media cited, such as "there were problems between the Myanmar and the other country and that perhaps the Myanma Tatmadaw had trespassed into the territory of the other country," that "the most severe punishments were meted out to the people at the slightest infringement of rules and regulations...forced arrests were made and that even the death penalty was being carried out and...there were a lot of refugees who had fled from the country because they dare not live there any more." On Mar. 4 a human rights representatives said in Geneva that "the entire people of Myanmar were living in an environment of fear and that they were carrying out pursuit of their livelihood in constant anxiety." We all know this to be false.] Mar. 12-15: "Who was really responsible in the assassination of Bogyoke and Arzanis?" by Nyan Htet. [The British Army and British officials. "Big countries' habit of interfering in the internal affairs of any country that they do not want and holding it in their reins will never dwindle.... They topple some by making the opposition party buy votes in the election and make those whom they can influence elected.... What they resort to finally is to purge by assassination.... There are still many U Saws {the assassin of Aung San컴HCMacD.} in Myanmar who want to call such persons 'father' and place full faith and reliance on them.... There are also Bingley-incarnates would want to use U Saw-incarnates.... Whether it is justified or not, they would employ all means and ways, as opportunity permit, to enable that person to seize power.... They, fanatic in their beliefs, would commit terrorist acts and slaying sby rearing neo-U Saws. The trouble is most of the Myanmars are susceptible, taking whatever for granted...."] Mar. 13: The Mafia that wears the mask of politics and racism, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [The KNU.] Mar. 13: IH48AFD: Tatmadaw spirit as a corollary to patriotic spirit, by Tekkatho Tin Kha. [It is the Tatmadaw spirit that has preserved the nationalist and patriotic spirit.] Mar. 14: IH48AFD: Tatmadaw has sacrificed lives, blood & sweat, by Chan Mya Aung. [Glorious record of Tatmadaw since 1826.] Mar. 16: Unknowingly or knowingly? by Yebaw Thit Maung. [KNU atrocities in 1986.] Mar. 16: IH48AFD: Let us fight shoulder to shoulder, by Maung Myo Tun (Myingyan). [Visit to "Heroic Warrior's Beikman."] Mar. 17: Daw Nu's home: haven for the KNU, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [Home of U Nu's wife in Bangkok sheltered the KNU in 1986.] Mar. 18: IH48AFD: For my Country, my People and my Tatmadaw, by Salai Nwai. [Oath of the Tatmadawman.] Mar. 19: Getting married in a foreign country, by Maha Thamun. ["I heard on the morning of the 12th of March that organizations from Britain and America are honouring the woman who had won the 1991 Nobel peace prize.... The broadcast said further that even a doctorate in humanitarian law will be granted {by Oxford} to the 1991 Nobel recipient.... It also broadcast that the centre for human rights and constitution in Los Angeles had presented the person with Victor Jara international human rights award.... What is difficult to understand is that somehow or the other, conditions in the countries where the recipients of the peace prize live invariably undergo deterioration of conditions...." Myanmar ideas of decency, modesty, and virtue extolled, and contrasted with immorality in other countries. "Some people who have been in those foreign places for along time may ape these alien customs and some of them, when they come back to Myanmar Naing-Ngan, may try to propagate such alien customs here...."] Mar. 19: IH48AFD: National Strength lies within the Nation, by Myo Than Kyaw. [Foreign rumours cannot impair it.] Mar. 20: IH48AFD: Paintings that inspire patriotism, by Tin Tun. [Those in the Tatmadaw exhibition.] Mar. 20: Letter to the Editor, from Tawga Bachaw. [Nobel prize recipients met with "KNU terrorists and bandits.... These 'Nobels' are not at all noble, in fact, they may become 'No bail' and as is the popular expression they may get into jail without bail, that's what I want to say, dear Editor."] Mar. 21: Those who are fond of using foul language, by Maha Thamun. [Malaysia and Thailand compared unfavourably with Myanmar.] Mar. 21: IH48AFD: A Tatmadaw steeped in noble traditions, by Than Khin (Pyay). [Historical role of the Tatmadaw, especially against KMT and BCP.] Mar. 22: IH48AFD: Tatmadaw and our three main tasks, by Phone Ngwe Lu. [Heroic role of Tatmadaw in Myanmar history.] Mar. 23: To those eager to assist the KNU, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [Relations between KNU, KIA, and BCP.] Mar. 23: IH48AFD: The National Peoples' Tatmadaw, by Monywa Win Pe. [Struggle against the British.] Mar. 23-24: Religious and racial storms in an unstable world, by Ko Ko Lwin. [Detailed review of ethnic and religious strife, concentrating on Hindu-Muslim conflict in India. In Myanmar, where Buddhists, Christians, Hindus, Muslims and other creeds live together in peace and tranquillity, outsiders "are even today attempting to creat the storm of religious strife" in Myanmar.] Mar. 24: IH48AFD: The Tatmadaw wants YOU! by Maung Nyein Thu (Gyobingauk). ["'YOU are wanted by the Tatmadaw.' Movie-goers keep seeing this call being flashed on to the movie screens. The call is being flashed at every movie show. And this is not all, hand-bills with the same call, with beautiful illustrations, will also be seen pasted on poster-boards under the cinema halls and on notice boards of the offices of the Ward Law and Order Restoration Councils. 컴 Friend. 컴 This land is your land 컴 This race is your race 컴 This country is your country 컴 Join the Tatmadaw to defend your land, your race and your country. [The Tatmadaw invites you to shoulder the responsibilities of the State. All members of the Tatmadaw are honourable. They can join hands with the people in waging just wars. They can give up their lives in defence of freedom, sovereignty and territorial integrity. They enjoy the love and sympathy of all national peoples. Thus is the Call being wides publicity [sic]. This publicity and propaganda campaign is fully justified.... It is my exhortation that all patriotic young persons be urged to join the Tatmadaw. The TATMADAW wants YOU!"] Mar. 25: In accord with chivalry and honour of true heroes, by Maha Thamun. [If the Tatmadaw wanted to assassinate Nga Mya and Sein Win, it would have done so. "The Tatmadaw will never stoop to this kind of thing."] Mar. 25: IH48AFD: The Tatmadaw Youth with a history of good traditions, by Nyi Nyi Zaw (Hmukhinn Tat Htein). [A worthy goal for youth.] Mar. 25: Is Democracy Possible and Desirable in Newly Emerging Nations? by Robert G. Neumann. [Unidentified excerpt, with footnotes. "Do not give to a people institutions for which it is unripe in the simple faith that the tool will give skill to the workman's hand. Respect facts. Man is in each country not what we may wish him to be, but what nature and history have made him."] Mar. 26: Who was the culpret? by Byuha. [U Win Ko's "corpse was found somewhere outside the Myanmar Naing-Ngan. According to the reports received, the corpse was already in a very badly decomposed state and he was also said to have been beheaded. I can well imagine that this beheading was the handiwork of the terrorists and anarchists who were so active during the disturbances.... U Win Ko was killed because he was unable to resolve his own problems."] Mar. 26: IH48AFD: Responsibility assigned by history, by Lai-Dwin-Thar Saw Chit. [Struggle against the British reviewed.] Mar. 26: Cannibalization, by Sithu Aung. [U Win Ko was in Kachin State "to engage in the smuggling of jade or in the trafficking of opium and narcotics drugs," and "the place where he died was well within the reach of all the criminals and terrorists who were active in the area he had gone to."] Mar. 27: 48th Anniversary Armed Forces Day. Photos: including portraits of Bogyoke Aung San, General Ne Win, and General Than Shwe. Mar. 27: The People's Tatmadaw steeped in historic traditions, by Nan Aye Aye Aung (Wettigan). [Prize-winning article on history of Tatmadaw.] Mar. 27: Tatmadaw never stays aloof from the people, by Ko Soe. [Celebration of Armed Forces Day.] Mar. 27: Dishonourable and cunning stratagems of the KNU, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [Making money off smugglers, introducing foreign mercenaries, providing substitutes (for a fee) for Thai draftees. "Still more dishonourable and cunning measures of KNU Nga Mya, more vicious and dishonourable are bound to be uncovered by and by."] Mar. 27: IH48AFD: Unforgettable, by Tin Htwe. [Being put on the right moral path by a Myanmar soldier in World War II.] Mar. 27: "To Bamar men of courage, sisters' hand in marriage" by Thukhi Aung. [Our duty to soldiers.] Mar. 28: Myanma Tatmadaw that dutifully performs national tasks, by Khin Pyi Chit. ["Let's join hands and cooperate with the Tatmadaw in its participation of national politics in a leadership role of the future State to make our country prosperous."] Mar. 28: Tatmadaw that gives up lives in Defence of Independence, by Moe Thauk Kyai. [The fight against Karens in 1948.] Mar. 29: Bodaw Maung Aung and Mya-Seng bandit gang (Swindling of US$ 250,000), by Sithu Aung. [They got the money from KNU's Nga Mya and KIA's Brang Seng in a fraudulent scheme to organize a coup d'etat.] Mar. 29: General Maha Bandoola's anti-imperialist war message, by Maung Maung Thaung Myint (Tayaryay). [British attacked Yangon in 1824 because they feared Maha Bandoola would crush British forces in Chittagong.] Mar. 29: Those who favour fights, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [Bertil Lintner's activities in 1985-87.] Mar. 30: Unity is strength, by Pha Hti. [Tatmadaw has held country together.] Mar. 31: KNU & their terrorist insurgent allies; identical in conduct and characteristics, by Yebaw Thit Maung. [1987 collaboration between KNU and other insurgent groups, through the Ma Da Ta.] Mar. 31: To prevent the union from splintering, by Yebaw Kyaw Khin. [The Tatmadaw "today is continuing to protect the splintering of the Union at a time when many other strong nations of the world have disintegrated elsewhere."] Returnees from Bangladesh Mar. 1: "Under the agreement reached between Myanmar and Bangladesh," 79 persons from 22 households arrived at the reception camps on Feb. 27, bringing the total to 21,670 since September 22, 1992. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 5: 177 persons from 43 households returned to two reception camps Mar. 4, bringing the total to 21,924. (WPD 3/6) Mar. 8: 203 persons from 56 households were repatriated at Kanyinchaung Camp on Mar. 7, bringing the total to 22,127. (WPD 3/9) Mar. 12: 76 persons from 18 households were repatriated at Kanyinchaung Camp on Mar. 10, bringing the total to 22,203. (WPD 3/13) Mar. 16: 85 persons from 30 households were repatriated at Kanyinchaung Camp on Mar. 14, bringing the total of 22,288. (WPD 3/17) Mar. 21: 45 persons from 12 households were repatriated at Kanyinchaung Camp on Mar. 20, bringing the total to 22,333. (WPD 3/22) Prisoners Released Mar. 24: 21 men were released from Insein Central Jail, and from Toungoo, Myingyan, and Myitkyina Jails, in accordance with SLORC Declaration No. 11/92. (WPD 3/ 25) Gen. Than Shwe to UDNR Mar. 5: Speaking to the final-year students of Primary Teachership Regular Course No. 24 at the University for the Development of National Races, the first course begun since the SLORC assumed responsibilities of the State in 1988, SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe said, inter alia: "To be in accord with what the term 'The National Convention' implies, arrangements have been made for invitation of delegates not only from political parties, but also from nationalities and people from all strata of the States and Divisions. More than this, welcome hands have been extended to terrorists who are engaged in insurrection following the armed struggle line and who are mostly of national races to enable them to come to the legal fold and come to take part in the National Convention. This concession is not that the State is caught in any stringency and not that the Government is being pressured into doing so by anyone but that manageable efforts are being made for bringing about peace and happiness that should be enjoyed in this human life by our nationals in a long-lasting country." (WPD 3/6) Living Standards & Prestige Mar. 9: Speaking to the General Administration Department, SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo said: "'The living standard of the citizens can be raised only when there is economic development in the country and the image of the national prestige will be tarnished if the nation's living standard is lowered and country may even fall into servitude.'" He "cautioned them against neo-colonialists and ax-handers trying to drag the country once again into servitude ...." (WPD 3/10) Doctors Refresher Course Mar. 9: Speaking at the opening of Special Refresher Course No. 5 for Doctors at the Central Institute of Public Services in Hlegu Twp. [Yangon], SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said the Courses had been organized "for strengthening the spirit of patriotism, for enabling the trainees to appreciate and strive for Our Three Main National Causes and for raising efficiency in administration and maintenance of discipline in public health affairs." Stressing the need for reviving the spirit of nationalism, he said that "certain neo-colonialist countries and some organizations and news services under their influence are unleashing rumours and unfounded allegations and attempting with instigations and subversive acts, to cause the disintegration of the national consolidation and the weakening of patriotic spirit." For this reason, "the State has opened refresher courses for university teachers who would guide youths and for doctors whom [sic] the public have faith and confidence...." Since terrorists had encountered setbacks in their efforts to disrupt the National Convention, "all sorts of terrorists collaborated with a group of expatriates, said to be a parallel government, and set up the 'Myanmar Naing-Ngan Amyothar Kaungsi' with the design for the downfall of Myanmar Naing-Ngan...." The persons said to be Nobel prize recipients had visited terrorist camps disguised as refugee camps, and that "the allegations컴the Myanmar Government committed murders and rapes and violated human rights컴made by the said Nobel recipients, after taking whatever the terrorists said for granted, were a design of fabrications made without reputation." The Nobels then went to the UN Human Rights Commission in Geneva "and paut forward such demands as the exertation [sic] of pressure on Myanmar politically and economically, the cancellation of Myanmar from UN membership and blocking sales of weapons to Myanmar...." (WPD 3/10) Voluntary Labour Contributions [Increasingly, news items on construction of roads, bridges, schools, and other public facilities note that they were built in whole or in part by "self-help." Articles on other projects, notably the recently completed Aungban railway, note the participation of voluntary labour in their construction. And, for many years, there have been regular news items and photographs about Tatmadawmen and others turning out voluntarily to clean up neighbourhoods, clear drainage canals, pick up rubbish, etc.컴HCMacD.] Mar. 12: Editorial [full text]: "Lok-ar-pay". We often hear the word 'Lok-ar-pay'. This means labour contributions. We Myanmars are well-known for our hospitality and generosity. Brought up on Buddha's teachings and traditions they believe in performing meritorious deeds. But some foreign broadcasting sations have been making all kinds of false allegations about the Myanmar Naing-Ngan including the amusing one that there is "forced labour" here. We are now making endeavours for the development of our country. People including Tatmadawmen contribute labour in construction of roads, bridges, and dams. This is an energetic participation for the development of the country. We can be proud of such participation. There is vast difference between the East and the West in concepts as well as values. If the City Development people are unable to cope with the problem of garbage thrown by the public, the public itself would come out en masse to clean up the rubbish as it is now being done voluntarily by communities every Saturday to keep their areas clean. In the West, this kind of work may be regarded as demeaning. It is, of course, perfectly possible that community service which members of the public willingly carry out to keep their own places clean in the Eastern countries would be misunderstood by the West as some kind of enforced labour. In the Eastern countries such voluntary labour and community service is regarded as meritorious, and as such people, willingly do this kind of work, with enthusiasm and humility. What we do is after all, helping ourselves컴helping to build our own dams, construct our own roads and even set up our own railway line컴even as masses of Tatmadawmen also contribute their labour together with us." (WPD 3/12) LORC/Teacher Training Courses Set Mar. 21: "On-job training course for Regional Law and Order Restoration Council members will be opened in the near future that will be of help in administration and economic systems which are being changed," said SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo at the Central Institute of Public Service in Phaunggyi, Hlegu Township. He urged officials "to make arrangements for the convenience of trainees while studying at the Institute." On the same day, SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt told teachers that "arrangements were under way for teachers of Basic Education Schools to attend special courses at the Central Institute of Public Services on completion of the special courses for doctors. He said that the courses would enable the teachers to properly nurture the children." (WPD 3/ 22) Mar. 29: Addressing the opening of On-job Training Course No. 1 for members of States/Divisions/Districts/Townships Law and Order Restoration Councils at the Central Institute of Public Services in Phaunggyi, Hlegu Township, SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo reviewed the activities of the SLORC, stressed the importance of "abidance of laws, rules, regulations and traditional customs," and said that "service personnel are those who run the administrative machinery to ensure peace and tranquillity in the State whatever government comes to power." He also "told them to value traditional customs and cultural traits of nationalities." (WPD 3/30) Killing of U Win Ko Mar. 21 [full text]: "Some foreign radio stations broadcast false reports about death of U Win Ko. "Some foreign radio stations broadcast this morning that U Win Ko, a member of Sein Win's expatriate group, had his throat cut at a hotel on his way back to KNU's Manerplaw camp after visiting terrorist guerilla groups in northern Myanmar. "In connection with the murder of U Win Ko, an announcement issued by Sein Win's expatriate group accused that the act was committed by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. According to a foreign broadcasting station correspondent's report, the opposition group said that the Myanmar military government was using all means to fight the oppositions and the group thought that the Myanmar military government was responsible. "Authorities concerned declared that the Myanmar Government was not involved in any manner in the killing of expatriate U Win Ko. It is likely that such a brutal act could be the result of problems which the terrorists could not solve among themselves. They said that some foreign broadcasting stations which do not wish to see prevalence of peace and tranquillity in Myanmar Naing-Ngan, broadcast such fabrications at the expense of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Government." (WPD 3/22) Fraudulent Report on Forced Labour Mar. 29: "The 27 March 1993 issue of the Nation newspaper published in Thailand featured on page 6 a photograph of a floating corpse said to be the body of one of those who have been forced into labour for the construction of a road between Phasawng in Kayah State and Sawhta in Kayin State. The Nation report fraudulently alleged according to what was told to them by so-called captain Htar Mla Ku of the KNU terrorists that the Tatmadaw had been killing porters and throwing their bodies in the river. "Regarding this fraudulent allegation, which was published in the Nation the authorities concerned categorically declared that there had not been even one single case of civilians being used by the Tatmadaw for the construction of roads or as porters in that region." KNU attrocities recalled. (WPD 3/30) NATIONAL CONVENTION U Aung Than on Chapter Headings Mar. 3: The Plenary Session of the National Convention resumed with 678 delegtes present at the Central Meeting Hall in the compound of the President's Residence on Ahlon Road, presided over by Alternate Chairman U Aung Than (category of intelligentsia and technocrats). U Aung Than "gave clarification regarding alloction of chapter headings suitable to be included in Constitution." He listed the number of headings suggested by each political party and group of delegates, and combined them into twenty groups; then for each group he listed the headings suggested by the various parties and delegate groups, noted their similarities, proposed an inclusive Chapter Heading covering all of them, cited the groups that had suggested this particular Heading, and concluded in the case of Nos. 1-18 that "it is to be discussed whether this should be the heading of a chapter." Groups 19-20 (interpretation and index) he felt to be unnecessary. [Partial text컴subheadings, based on Chapter Headings chosen by U Aung Than, have been inserted by HCMacD.]: "The first stage for the National Convention to be able to lay down fundamental principles for framing an enduring Constitution for the State is the allocation of chapter headings. The distinguished delegates, after holding panel-wise and political party-wise discussions, put forward their proposals on chapter headings at the National Convention Plenary Sessions held from 24th to 26th of last month. "In overall, it is found that a total of 18 papers on the proposals have been presented컴10 by the No 1 category group of political parties' delegates; two by No 2 category group of Hluttaw representatives-elect delegates; and one each by [the other category groups].... [Number of headings from each group listed] "In total, there are 367 headings in the 18 papers. Of them, the Panel of Chairmen for the present session has collected 160 headings that have same wordings and usages. We have divided these 160 headings into 20 groups that have common nature and aspects despite some differences in wording. We are to discuss designating a chapter heading for each of the 20 groups. Each chapter heading will encompass all the headings for the group. "When we go on to discuss chapter-wise headings, plans have to be made for discussions so as not to leave out topics included in the headings in each group. In this way, discussions will cover all the proposals in the papers presented by political parties and delegate groups. "Hence, so as to deliberate on the selection of a suitable chapter heading that will encompass all the topics in the headings of each group, I will now clarify headings in each group. I컴Preamble "There is only one group heading under group 1 and it is "Preamble", which has been proposed by 16 political parties/ groups for inclusion in the Constitution. It has also been found included in most constitutions of other nations. Hence, discussions are to be made whether it should be considered as a chapter alone itself or not and whether it should be designated as a preamble and not as a chapter. II컴Fundamental Principles of the State "There are 23 headings under group 1. They are 컴 State fundamental principles; fundamental principles of the State; fundamental principles of the State or fundamental policies; fundamental principles; directive principles; the economic system of the State; economic policy of the State; the future economic plan of the Union; economic policy; the economy and social affairs; the foreign policy of the State; foreign policy; foreign affairs; affairs of national races; rights of the national races; nationalities' affairs; Kayin affairs division; the development of border areas and national races; mass and class affairs; rights and responsibilities of peasants and workers; rights and responsibilities of peasants; rights and responsibilities of workers; and the protection and preservation of the natural environment of the Union and the extraction and utilization of natural resources in the Union.... The suitable chapter heading that will encompass all these headings will be "Fundamental Principles of the State".... III컴State Structure "In group 3, there includes 18 chapter headings 컴 Form and Structure of State; State Structure; Form of Union Government; the State; State Title, Structure and Flag; Form of State; the divisions; the states; the role of states; states and divisions; states and formation of new states; relationship between the State and the states; Hluttaws of member states, governments, structures and rights of the states' governments; roles of the member states; supreme powers and rights of autonomous regions; structures and rights of the leading committee and executive committees of autonomous regions in member states; distribution of power among the Union Government, state government and autonomous regions; and the states, the new states and the autonomous regions.... It is to be assumed that the most relevant chapter heading to all these chapter headings is "State Structure".... IV컴Head of State "There includes 11 chapter headings in group 4 and these are Head of State; President of State; President of Union Government; President; Head of State or President of State; Heads of State; Supreme Body of State; Leading Body of State; Head of State and Leading Body of State; State Advisory Board; and Vice-President of State.... I am of opinion that the Chapter Heading that would cover all these suggested chapter headings should be "Head of State". V컴Leglislation "There are 10 chapter headings compiled in group 5 컴 Legislation; Hluttaw; Pyithu Hluttaw; Pyidaungsu Hluttaw; Bi-cameral; Legislative Power of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw; Non-legislative matters of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw; Promulgation, Amendment and Repealling [sic] of Law; Promulgations, Amendments and Abrogations of Laws; and structures of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and Union Government.... The Chapter Heading that would encompass all these compiled chapter headings should be "Legislation".... VI컴The Executive "Chapter headings in group 6 are: the executive, the government, the Union government, the Union central government, head of government (Prime Minister/Ministers), the cabinet, formation of the ministry of nationalities, ministry of nationalities affairs, the sharing of power betwen the Union Government and the state governments, Attorney-General and Auditor-General and commission on the inspection of public activities.... I believe the Chapter Heading which covers all of them is "the executive".... VII컴Administration of Justice "Chapter headings in group 7 are administration of justice; Union administration of justice; Union administration of justice; Chief Justice; Chief Justice, Attorney-General and Auditor-General; Chief Justice, Auditor-General and Attorney-General; law tribunal; Constitutional court and administrative court.... I believe the heading that covers all of them is "administration of justice".... VIII컴Tatmadaw "Chapter headings in group 8 include: Tatmadaw, the role of Tatmadaw, National Security Council, National Defence Council and the role of Tatmadaw on a state of emergency.... I believe that the heading that covers all of them is "Tatmadaw".... IX컴Local Government "Chapter headings in group 9 are local government and the areas covered by the local government.... I believe the heading that covers both is "local government".... X컴Citizens and Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens "Chapter headings in group 10 include citizens, fundamental rights and duties of citizens; citzens, rights and duties of citizens; nationalities, fundamental rights and duties of citizens; duties and rights of citizens; freedom, fundamental rights and duties of citizens; fudnamental rights; citizen; commission on protecting the rights of citizens; fundamental rights and democracy and safeguarding democracy.... I believe the heading that covers all of them is "citizens and fundamental rights and duties of citizens".... XI컴State Service Personnel "Chapter headings in group 11 include State service personnel, State service organizations and public services commission or public services selection and training board.... I believe the heading which covers all of them is "State service personnel".... XII컴Elections "Chapter headings in group 12 include elections; elections and assignment; electoral system; elections and recall; recall, resignation and replacement; removal, resignation and retirement.... I believe the heading that covers all of them is "elections".... XIII컴Political Parties "Chapter headings in group 13 are political parties, political party, formation of political parties and lawful existence of political parties in the Union.... I believe the heading that covers all of them is "political parties".... XIV컴Provisions on a State of Emergency "The chapter heading in group 14 is "provisions on a state of emergency". Only one delegates group [the Peasants--HCMacD.] suggested to include it as a chapter heading. Since it is a heading which is vital for the State it is to be discussed whether this should be a heading for a Chapter. XV컴Amendment of the Constitution "Chapter headings in group 15 include amendment of the Constitution; amendment and interpretation of the Constitution; safeguarding the Constitution and enactment and the safeguarding of the Constitution.... I believe the heading that covers all of them is "Amendment of the Constitution".... XVI컴State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and State Capital "Chapter headings in group 16 are State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and State Capital; State Emblem, State Flag, National Anthem and State Capital; and State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem, State Capital, national flower, national bird and the official language.... I believe the heading that covers them all is "State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and State Capital".... XVII컴Transitory Provisions "Chapter headings in group 17 include transitory provisions and provisions on transitory period.... I believe the heading that covers them is "transitory provisions" .... XVIII컴General Provisions "Chapter headings in group 18 are general provisions and general....I believe the heading that covers them is "General provisions".... XIX컴Interpretation of Terms "The chapter heading in group 19 is "Interpretation of terms". Only one political party suggested to include it. Some countries include this in their constitutions but majority of the nations do not mention it separately and write respective Articles in such a way that they can be understood without any difficulty. This is aimed at making people fully understand the Articles immediately without referring to the chapter on interpretation. I believe this is good and so it is to be discussed whether there should be a separate chapter under the heading or Articles to be written in such a way that they can be understood fully. XX컴Index "The only chapter heading in group 20 is "Index." Only one delegates group suggested the heading. Certain countries include this in their Constitutions but the majority of the nations do not include it in theirs. They countries that include it do not open it as a separate chapter but mention it just as there is content [sic] in the front pages in a book on law there is index in its back pages. Therefore, it is to be discussed whether this should be included in the Constitution when printed into book form. "To put my clarifications in brief, it is to be discussed, based on the 20 above-mentioned groups, whether the chapters should be [18 proposed group titles listed] .... "It is also to be discussed whether there should be a separate chapter [for groups 19 and 20].... "When they deliberate on the chapters, all the political parties and delegates groups have the right to discuss the relevant chapter headings suggested in their papers whether or not they have been tentatively chosen as headings of the chapters. Furthermore, you will have the right to discuss, on a broader basis and to your satisfaction, points mentioned in your suggestions and proposals. Therefore I would like to request you not to be overzealous about your suggestions being tentatively chosen as headings of the chapters but to discuss objectively the headings which cover in general. I would also request you to give suggestions on the order of the chapters. You can hold discussions on them group-wise in the meeting rooms prescribed starting in the afternoon. There is no time limitation and you can discuss matters to your satisfaction. I would like to urge you to present chapter headings and the order of the chapters that come out from discussions to the National Convention Convening Work Committee." (WPD 3/4) Panel Discussions Mar. 3: Following U Aung Than's "clarifications," the Plenary Session adjourned for panel discussions at the Kyaikkasan Grounds by the various delegates groups on the chapter headings and their order, as he suggested. That afternoon eight categories of delegates met [speakers listed]: political parties met, and adjourned to Mar. 8; representatives-elect met, and adjourned to Mar. 8; nationalities met and approved U Aung Than's recommendations; peasants met; workers met; intelligentsia and technocrats met, and adjourned to Mar. 4; State service personnel met, and adjourned to Mar. 4; invited delegates met, and adjourned to Mar. 4. [several pages of photos] (WPD 3/4) Mar. 4: Four groups of delegates met [speakers listed]: peasants met, and approved U Aung Than's recommendations; intelligentsia and technocrats met, and approved U Aung Than's recommendations; State service personnel met, and adjourned to Mar. 8; invited delegates met, and adjourned to Mar. 9. (WPD 3/5) Mar. 8: Two groups of delegates met [speakers listed]: political parties met, and adjourned to Mar. 10; representatives-elect met, and adjourned to Mar. 9. (WPD 3/9) Mar. 9: Two groups of delegates met [speakers listed]: representatives-elect met and adjourned until Mar. 10; invited delegates met and approved U Aung Than's recommendations. (WPD 3/10) Mar. 10: Two groups of delegates met [speakers listed]: political parties met, and "decided to present compiled suggestions and proposals" to the National Convention Work Committee; representatives-elect met, and will consider two papers on Mar. 15. The Work Committee met, and Chairman Chief Justice U Aung Toe said the Plenary Session will resume when the present round of discussions is concluded. (WPD 3/ 11) Mar. 14: The National Convention Convening Commission met under Chairman Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt. (WPD 3/15) Mar. 15: One group of delegates met [speakers listed]: representatives-elect met, considered two proposals, "and reached agreement on presenting them to the plenary session." (WPD 3/16) Mar. 16: Following discussions by delegate groups, compiled suggestions and proposals were sent to the National Convention Work Committee as follows: State service personnel delegates: 1 paper on Mar. 5; Intelligentsia and technocrats delegates: 1 paper on Mar. 10; Other invited delegates: 1 paper on March 10; Nationalities delegates: 1 paper on Mar. 11; Peasants delegates: 1 paper on Mar. 11; Workers delegates: 1 paper on Mar. 11; Representatives-elect delegates: 2 papers on Mar. 15; Political parties delegates: 10 papers on Mar. 16. "The National Convention Work Committee is carrying out work on compiled suggestions and proposals in accordance with the provisions under Chapter 4 of National Convention Convening procedures." (WPD 3/17) Mar. 23: The National Convention Convening Work Committee met. Chairman U Aung Toe "said that each category of delegate groups had held discussions, focussed on the suggested chapter headings and submitted suggestions on orderly compilation of chapter headings to the Work Committee. The Work Committee would meet with the Panel of Chairmen on 24 March and discuss the progress of the work." (WPD 3/24) Mar. 25: Following the address by U Aung Toe [below], his "clarifications" were explained to the respective delegates groups by the Alternate Chairman and members [speakers listed]: political parties met, and "decided to sumbit the paper to political parties delegates discussions to be held on 27 for approval;" representatives-elect met and "reached agreement on presentation of two papers on 27 March; peasants, workers, and intelligentsia and technocrats met; State service personnel met, and adjourned to Mar. 26; invited delegates met; [nationalities not mentioned]. (WPD 3/ 26) Mar. 26: Two delegate groups met [speakers listed]: nationalities met, and will present a paper on suggestions to the Work Committee on Mar. 27; State service personnel met, and will present a paper on suggestions to the Work Commitee on Mar. 27. The peasants, workers, intelligentsia and technocrats, and invited delegates submitted their papers on suggestions to the Work Committee. Mar. 27: Two delegate groups met [speakers listed]: political parties met and "handed over papers of compiled proposals" for the Work Committee; representatives-elect met and handed over two papers for the Work Committee. (WPD 3/28) Mar. 28: The Work Committee met "to observe papers of compiled proposals submitted by the National Convention delegates groups." (WPD 3/29) Mar. 29: The National Convention Convening Commission met under Chairman Lt-Gen. Myo Nyunt and discussed the activities of the Work Committee. (WPD 3/30) U Aung Toe on Chapter Headings Mar. 24: Following the delegate discussions, National Convention Convening Work Committee Chairman U Aung Toe addressed a coordination meeting between the Committee and the Panel of Chairman with "clarifications...regarding allocation of chapter headings suitable to be included in Constitution." Further Discussion of Chapter Headings 1) Three chapter headings had been proposed unanimously by all eight delegate groups: 컴Preamble; 컴Judiciary; 컴Elections. For these "no more discussions were needed." 2) Seven headings had been proposed by all groups, with titles substantially the same as those suggested by Alternate Chairman U Aung Than: 컴Fundamental principles of the State; 컴State structure; 컴Tatmadaw; 컴Citizens and their fundamental rights and duties; 컴Amendment of the Constitution; 컴State flag, State seal, national anthem and the capital; 컴General provisions. U Aung Toe then specified reviewed seven objections to details of U Aung Than's proposed headings, made by a handful of delegates and concluded "that despite some differences in wording, these seven headings had unequivocal meanings and called on the parties and delegates groups that want to leave out or add words in the headings suggested by the Alternate Chairman to coordinations again so as to gain approval on the headings suggested by the Alternate Chairman." 3) In five categories, despite no changes in wording, some delegates had omitted them, included them under other headings, or proposed that they not be designated as Chapter headings: 컴Local government; 컴State service personnel; 컴Political parties; 컴Provisions on state of emergency; 컴Transitory provisions. U Aung Toe discussed the variations in delegates proposals. Local Government and State service personnel: Some wanted these as separate chapter headings, others did not. He concluded: "In connection with chapter headings 'local administration' and 'State service personnel', there included a chapter heading 'administration' in the alternate Chairman's address. 'Local government' and 'State service personnel' are, in fact, administrative matters; these topics could be dealt with when the chapter heading 'administration' is discussed. The respective political parties and groups, he said, are to further discuss and submit their suggestions so that 'local government' and 'State service personnel' will be discussed under the chapter heading 'administration'." Political parties: The Shan Nationalities League alone had suggested that this not be a Chapter heading; the League "would have to discuss further the matter to be in accordance with the points mentioned in the Alternate Chairman's address." Provisions on the state of emergency: Six groups and three political parties had suggested that this be included as a chapter heading; seven parties and the representatives-elect opposed it. [Note: Although many groups had gone along with U Aung Than's insistence that this heading be included, only one delegation컴the peasants delegates group컴had in fact suggested it컴 HCMacD.] U Aung Toe concluded: "This provision is essential to provide protection for the country in times when the national sovereignty is being endangered...as in times of foreign aggression, internal unrest, administrative instability, natural disasters and monetary instability. It should be understood explicitly, precisely and firmly as to who and which organizations are to declare state of emergency and how and what actions are to be taken under different situations. The topic is designated as one chapter heading in constitutions of some countries, he said. Hence, political parties and groups concerned will have to further coordinate the 'emergency provisions' to be in accord with the Alternate Chairman's address and then give suggestions." Transitory Provisions: Several parties and representatives-elect suggested that this was not needed, because included in SLORC Declaration No. 1/90, or need not be a separate chapter heading. U Aung Toe said that this heading is included in most Constitutions, including the Myanmar 1947 Constitution. "Only then [sic] would there be specific details as to what are to be done and to be learned at the time of a transitory period. He said that political parties and groups concerned were to further coordinate the matter so that it could be designated as stated in the Alternate Chairman's address." 4) Three of the headings proposed by the Alternate Chairman might later be changed totally: 컴Head of State; 컴Legislation; 컴The Executive. On a fourth, there was unanimity: 컴Judiciary. Various parties and delegates groups had suggested other versions for the first three headings, such as President, Hluttaw, and Government [details given]. In all these cases, broad and general terms were given by the Alternate Chairman so "all the political parties and groups would be able to freely discuss and suggest in discussing the chapter headings." U Aung Toe concluded that "Therefore, 'Head of State', 'Legislation', and 'The Executive' as mentioned in the Alternate Chairman's address would be tentatively chosen as haadings for the three chapters. When there emerges headings which the political parties and the groups prefer they can deliberate upon them whether or not they should be used in place of current headings. The Work Committee Chairman requested the political parties and the groups to discuss further among themselves, so that the headings mentioned in the Alternate Chairman's address could be used." 5) There were two proposals made by various groups: 컴Interpretation of terms; 컴Index. Interpretation of terms: Some suggested, others did not mention or opposed its inclusion as a separate chapter heading. U Aung Toe "requested the political parties and the groups to discuss further among themselves and give their revised suggestions on 'interpretations of terms' taking into consideration the reasons given in the alternate chairman's address so that there would be no separate chapter under the heading." Index: "The alternate Chairman...discussed whether there should not be a separate chapter for Index but it should be compiled only when the Constitution is printed into book form." Various parties and groups agreed. "Accordingly, there will be no further discussion on 'Index.'" 5) There were six suggested chapter headings included in the 367 mentioned by the Alternate Chairman, but not included in his suggested headings, namely: 컴States; 컴The role of States; 컴The high power of autonomous States; 컴Auditor-General; 컴Preservation of the Constitution; 컴Interpretation of terms. These "were covered by one of the 20 groups of headings compiled by the Panel of Chairmen. They can take up the matter when deliberations are to be made on the headings for chapters pertaining to them or relevant chapters and so they still have the right to discuss the headings whether or not they have been designated as headings for the chapters. Through discussions the groups can find out whether the headings are significant enough to be used as headings for chapters." 6) There were 17 suggested headings not included in the 367 mentioned in the Alternate Chairman's address. U Aung Toe said: "The time has now passed to suggest new headings and it has now reached the stage on discussing matters for designation of headings for the chapters. If we go back to the stage we have already passed, it will be very difficult for us to go ahead.... So I would like to tell the political parties and groups to discuss further among themselves and take up the matters only when deliberations are being made on the headings." Order of Chapters U Aung Toe then "spoke on the order of chapters. "All the orders of the chapter headings suggested by political parties and various groups will be presented in the tables to be distributed at the end of the meeting for them to study. Next Steps U Aung Toe called on the delegates to work with patience for the benefit of the State and people. They should respect each others' opinions and be forgiving. Majorities should not take the upper hand, but minorities should not stick to their views but should respect those of the majority and make compromises. He noted that there were differences of opinion between different parties and delegate groups, and "that the National Convention Convening Work Committee would take necessary steps, in accordance with para 29(1) of "The Procedures on Convening of National Convention" issued by the National Convention Convening Commission, to settle the differences as far as possible." In accordance with this provision, the Committee had met with the Panel of Chairmen "to settle the differences." He requested the Panel "to get the opinions of the groups concerned on his clarifications and send revised papers on their suggestions and proposals to the...Work Committee by 27 March." He announced that the following would be distributed, "to aid the Panel of Chairman in giving their clarification to their respective groups: 컴His clarifications; 컴Table 1 which shows the suggestions given by the various groups on the headings of the chapters and 컴Table 2 which shows the comparisons of orders of suggested headings. Members of the Panel of Chairmen "presented discussions on clarifications made by Chairman U Aung Toe." (WPD 3/24) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Mar. 1: Israeli Ambassador Ori Noy called on Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Maj-Gen. Maung Thint. (WPD 3/2) Mar 3: Korean Ambassador Jung Hwan Kim called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. Malaysian Ambassador John Tenewi Nuek called on Minister for Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung. Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Minister for Transport Maj-Gen. Thein Win to discuss the use of containers on Myanma Five Star Line, aviation technical assistance, and training and cargo handling at Yangon port. (WPD 3/4) Mar. 5: Russian Ambassador Valeri Vartanovich Nazarov called on Minister for Prime Minister's Office Brig-Gen. Lun Maung. Korean Ambassador Jung Hwan Kim called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint. (WPD 3/6) Mar. 8: The Russian Ambassador, accompanied by Commercial Counsellor Alexander L. Tikhonov, called on Minister for Agriculture Maj-Gen. Myint Aung, and on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein. (WPD 3/9) Mar. 9: Indian Ambassador G. Parthasarathy called on Minister for Trade Maj-Gen. Tun Kyi. (WPD 3/10) Mar. 10: Korean Ambassador Jung Hwan Kim called on Minister for Co-operatives U Than Aung. Russian Ambassador Valeri Vartanovich Nazarov called on Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Yin. Malaysian Ambassador John Tenewi Nuek called on Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay. (WPD 3/11) Mar. 11: Korean Ambassador Jung Hwan Kim called on Minister for Home Affairs Maj-Gen. Mya Thinn. (WPD 3/12) Mar 12: Netherlands Ambassador G.A. Marie Wehry called on Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt, and on Minister for Transport Maj-Gen. Thein Win. (WPD 3/13) Mar. 15: Russian Ambassador Valeri Vartanovich Nazarov called on Minister for Education Col. Pe Thein. Singapore Charge d'Affaires Anthony Chng Chye Tong called on Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Maj-Gen. Maung Thint. (WPD 3/16) Mar. 16: Korean Ambassador Jung Hwan Kim called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. Bangladeshi Ambassador Mostafa Faruque Mohammed called on Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Maj-Gen. Maung Thint to discuss development in Rakhine State and construction of the Asia Highway. (WPD 3/17) Mar. 18: Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 3/19) Mar. 19: British Ambassador Julian D.N. Hartland-Swann called on Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein. (WPD 3/20) Mar. 23: Egyptian Ambassador Mohamad Hassem Ghanem called on Deputy Minister for Religious Affairs U Kyaw Aye. (WPD 3/24) Mar. 24: United States DEA Officer Mr. Richard Horn and his colleagues, from the United States Embassy in Myanmar, called on CCDAC Joint Secretary Police Col. Ngwe Soe Tun to discuss the "law and rules regarding the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law." (WPD 3/25) Mar. 25: Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura called on Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. UNDP Resident Representative Jehan Raheen called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. (WPD 3/26) Mar. 26: Nepalese Ambassador Dr. Thakkan Mallik called on Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Yin. Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura, who has completed his tour of duty, on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (WPD 3/27) Mar. 29: German Ambassador Dr. Baron Walther von Marschall called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin. Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura called on Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (WPD 3/30) Mar. 30: The German Ambassador called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Brig-Gen. Maung Maung. The Japanese Ambassador called on SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (WPD 3/31) New Myanmar Ambassadors Mar. 3: U Set presented credentials Mar. 2 in Beijing to President Yang Shangkun as new Myanmar Ambassador to China. (WPD 3/4) New Ambassadors to Myanmar Mar. 12: Mr. G.A. Marie Mehry presented credentials to SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe as new Netherlands Ambassador to Myanmar. (WPD 3/13) Mar. 20: The Government has approved the nomination of Mr. Takashi Tajima as new Japanese Ambassador to Myanmar. Ambassador Tajima was born in 1935 and joined the Foreign Ministry in 1959. He has served in China, the United Kingdom, and Australia. From 1989-1992 he was Japanese Ambassador to Bulgaria. He is married with three sons. (WPD 3/20) Mar. 26: Police General Mochamad Sanoesi presented credentials to SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe as new Indonesian Ambassador to Myanmar. (WPD 3/27) Myanmar-China Boundary Feb. 28: A Chinese delegation led by Ambassador Xu Wenyi of the Foreign Ministry and party arrived to attend the second session of the Joint Boundary Inspection Committee, to be held in Yangon. They will meet with the Myanma delegation led by Acting Director-General U Tin Myint of the Survey Department. (WPD 3/1) // Mar. 5: The delegation left, after discussions and The joint signing of agreed minutes of the meetings. (WPD 3/6) Myanmar-Laos Boundary Mar. 8: A Lao delegation led by Acting Director Mr. Ouan Phommachack of the Foreign Ministry arrived for the sixth Technical Meeting of the Myanmar-Lao Joint Boundary Commission. (WPD 3/9) // Mar. 13: The delegation left after meeting with Acting Director U Ba Cho of the Boundary Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and signing agreed minutes. (WPD 3/14) Text of VOA Broadcast Mar. 26 [full text]: VOA Broadcast on Myanmar. The Voice of America (VOA) of the United States broadcast a piece of news about Myanmar Naing-Ngan on 26 March morning. The following is a translation of the full text: ----- Dear listeners, The American Congress has begun hearing and enquiries for the Clinton Government's Policy on Myanmar Naing-Ngan. Members of the Foreign Affairs Sub-committee of the House of Representatives also heard comprehensively reported opinions on the reformation in the Asian country. U Maung Win will now present a report concerning the matter. Dear listeners. Two members of the House of Representatives have returned from Myanmar Naing-Ngan recently. American Congressmen were rather surprise by the two's laudatory comments on the Myanmar military government's reformation programmes. Texas Republican Congressman Bill Archer and Connecticut Republic Congresswoman Nancy Johnson, at the Committee hearing, said progress was seen in health, education and economic reformation. Congresswoman Ms Johnson's assessment has been made on a written report to the Committee of Mirian [sic] Segal, an American commercial agent who was engaged in an economic undertaking in Myanmar Naing-Ngan for a number of years. Afterwards, Ms Segal, who has met a VOA correspondent, said despite rumours of human rights violations in Myanmar Naing-Ngan, the Myanmar Government is engaged in reformation activities more than most people have imagined and 'rulers of a country', whatever meaning is taken from it, are moderates. She said the present government should be encouraged for it, compared to the previous governments, is more a moderate one even if it may not be like the democracy government in America that is following a moderate way. Like some Committee members, another one commented that the reformation in Myanmar Naing-Ngan is not complete. Myanmar-born Moreen [sic] Aung Thwin of a private research organization also said reformatory measures in Myanmar Naing-Ngan cover only limited areas, that despite achievements in economic sector, there is no such progress in human rights and that a cause for concern is political changes. She also pointed out the lack of freedom in such a matter of ordinary course컴being not necessary to show identity card in going to wherever one likes at whatever time and being not necessary to sign permission papers. She further said it is now worse in such right of freedom than in 1981 when she last visited Yangon. Another matter is there has not been an American Ambassador in Yangon since 1990. Everyone who submitted reports to the Committee agreed to the need for an ambassador. I would like to say that apart from this matter, there are not differences between what is and what is witnessed on the part of experts and Congressmen for a change in American policy. (WPD 3/27) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops Mar. 30: A 2-day Roving Seminar on Comprehensive Flood Loss Prevention and Management was held, sponsored by the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, ESCAP, and UNDP, with 53 participants from 15 government organizations. (WPD 3/31) Foreign Donations Mar. 4: Managing Director Mr. Koh Soin Khaung of United International Ltd. donated 100 umbrellas, worth US$19,000, and 20 modern rest houses, worth US$60,000, to the City Golf Resort and Golf Driving Range being constructed by the Yangon City Development Committee. (WPD 3/5) Mar. 15: On Mar. 12, at the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok, seven Thai companies donated cash to "hail the National Convention." They were: Sun Far Co. Ltd. (Baht 101,992); Ves Group Co. Ltd. (100,000); Thai Teak Wood Veneer Co. (50,000); Salwwin Co. Ltd. (50,000); Baiyoke Hotel (50,000), Lucky Five Inter Trading Co. Ltd. (20,000), and Maesod Forestry Co. Ltd. (10,000). Six Myanmar families in Thailand also donated Baht 391,993. (WPD 3/16) Mar. 19: The Women's Association of the Chinese Embassy donated K450,000 for Social Welfare Department schools and departments. (WPD 3/20) Mar. 26: Various Myanmar Embassies abroad have sent donations to honour the National Convention: Bonn (DM300); Kathmandu (US$110); Washington (US$155); Singapore (US$100); Kuala Lumpur (US$150); London (DM300); Rome (DM200); New Delhi ($100); "Myanma doctors of WHO in New Delhi ($100). (WPD 3/27) Anti-Narcotics Cooperation Mar. 3: Mr. Jorn Christensen of the UNDCP, Australian Ambassador Geoffrey Charles Allen, United States Charge d'Affaires Franklin P. Huddle, Narcotics Drugs Liaison Officer Mr. Bernard Doyle of Australia, with Myanmar anti-narcotics officials, visited Hsilu Pankai region in Mongyang Twp., Kyaing Tong District, on Feb. 27-Mar. 1 to "study activities being implemented jointly by Myanmar/China/UNDCP." (WPD 3/ 4) Chinese Arts & Crafts Exhibit Mar. 29: A Chinese arts and crafts and photos exhibition under the Myanmar-Chinese cultural exchange program opened at the National Museum. It includes 284 arts and crafts and 93 photos of construction activities in China, and will be open until Apr. 7. (WPD 3/30) FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Visitors Mar. 3: President Mrs. Albina de Boisrouvray and Director Mr. Leon de Riedmatten of the Swiss-based Association of Francois Xavier Bagnoud, accompanied by French Ambassador Alain Briottet, called on Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt to discuss prevention of AIDS. (WPD 3/4) Mar. 17: Prof. Desmond Cohen, Principal Economic Adviser of the HIV and Development Unit, UNDP, New York, called on Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin to discuss UNDP supported anti-AIDS activities in Myanmar. (WPD 3/18) Mar. 23: Deputy General Secretary Mr. Stephen William Strutt Davey of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and Asia-Pacific Representative Mr. Charles Naucler, called on Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Brig-Gen. Thaung Myint. (WPD 3/24) Mar. 26: Planning Director Dr. Zakir Hussain of the WHO South-East Regional Office, accompanied by Bangladeshi Ambassador Mostafa Faruque Mohammed, called on Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt. (WPD 3/27) Mar. 29: President Mr. Jay L. Blevins and members of the J.B. Memorial Children Fund based in America called on Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt and donated US$40,000 of optical instruments for the eye bank. (WPD 3/30) Business Visitors Mar. 3: Mr. Vitoon Vonghangool of Mindocole Enterprise Co. Ltd., Thailand, called on Deputy Minister for Health Col. Than Zin to discuss producing vaccines from human umbilical cord. (WPD 3/4) Mar. 9: Market Manager Ms. Cecillia Chan and Technical Manager Mr. P.N. Chan of Fuchs Co. of Germany explained Titan engine oil and Renolin hydraulic oil, and Titan super gear oil and grease for heavy equipment, at a demonstration talk sponsored by Inspection and Agency Services, Mac Comm Market (S) Pte Ltd. of Singapore, and Thaik and Tin International Trading Enterprise. (WPD 3/10) Mar. 11: Senior Executive Officer Mr. Chummchook Kantapichan of the CP Co. Ltd. of Thailand, called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss projects for agro-based industries and livestock breeding under the Foreign Investments Law. (WPD 3/12) Mar. 11: An Indian commercial delegation headed by Joint Secretary Mr. Ashok Jha of the Ministry of Commerce called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, and on Minister for Trade Maj-Gen. Tun Kyi. They discussed merchandise trading, opening border trade, and boosting investments. (WPD 3/12) // Mar. 12: The delegation called on Minister for Industry-1 Lt-Gen. Sein Aung. (WPD 3/13) Mar. 17: Chairman Mr. Konstantin G. Bereza of Joint Stock Company Interles of Russia, together with Russian Ambassador V. Nazarov, called on Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (WPD 3/18) Mar. 24: Managing Director Mr. Frank W.M. Wong of Watana Trading Ltd. of the United States, called on Minister for Mines Maj-Gen. Kyaw Min to discuss "matters on speeding implementation of contracts signed on production of granite stones on joint venture basis." (WPD 3/25) Mar. 25: Deputy Director Mr. Eui Sup Byun of Pohang Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. of Korea, and delegation, called on Minister for Mines Maj-Gen. Kyaw Min to discuss production of iron sheets in Ywama Steel Mill. (WPD 3/26) Academic Visitors Mar. 9: Dr. M.R. Panday, President of the Nepal Health Research Council, currently in Myanmar under the WHO programme, called on Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt. (WPD 3/10) Religious Delegations Mar. 2: The seven-monk Korean Buddhist Delegation led by Theri Suk Ji Yeon visited the Tiger Parahita School in Hline Twp. [Yangon] and donated K300,000. (WPD 3/3) Mar. 2: A Russian Buddhist Delegation led by Russian monk Shagdarov Zhamyan Mytypovich, with two members, arrived for a 10-day visit to study Theravada Buddhism and visit famous pagodas. (WPD 3/3) // Mar. 6: The delegation visted Mandalay on Mar. 4. (WPD 3/7) // Mar. 8: The delegation paid obeisance to Vice-Patron Sayadaw of the State Pariyatti Sasana Tekkatho (Yangon), Maha Ganthavacaka Pandita Bhaddanta Vannita. (WPD 3/9) // Mar. 9: The delegation called on the Sayadaws of the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee. (WPD 3/10) // Mar. 10: Following discussions with Minister for Religious Affairs Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt, the delegation left for home. (WPD 3/11) Mar. 6: Six "title holder Sayadaws from abroad" come to attend the Religious Titles Presentation Ceremony under SLORC sponsorship were welcomed at Yangon airport by the Sri Lankan Ambassador and Myanmar officials. (WPD 3/7) // Mar. 13: Five "religious title recipients" from India, Shri Lanka, and the United States visited Bagan-Nyaung-U, Mandalay, and Sagaing from Mar. 9-11. (WPD 3/14) Mar. 26: A 26-member Buddhist delegation from Korea, led by Vice-Chairman of the Korea Buddhist Association Venerable Sayadaw Jeon Woon Duk arrived at the invitation of the Department for Promotion and Propagation of Sasana. The delegation, which includes 13 monks and 19 nuns, will spend five days studying Theravada Buddhism and visiting famous pagodas. (WPD 3/ 27) // Mar. 30: The delegation called on Minister for Religious Affairs Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt, paid respects to the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, and later departed for Bangkok. (WPD 3/31) Foreign Journalists Mar. 4: Singapore Broadcasting Corp. newscaster Mr. Y.P. Sonny Lim called on Minister for Information Brig-Gen. Myo Thant, and Minister for Hotels and Tourism Maj-Gen. Kyaw Ba. (WPD 3/5) // Mar. 8: He called on Minister for Trade Maj-Gen. Tun Kyi. (WPD 3/9) Mar. 26: German free-lance journalist Ms. Crystal Pilz called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 3/27) Chinese Civil Minister Feb. 28: Chinese Civil Minister Mr. Cui Naifu and party visited Social Welfare Department schools and the Hlawga Park. (WPD 3/1) Mar. 2: The delegation visited Bagan-Nyaung-U, Mandalay, Taunggyi, and Inle Lake. (WPD 3/3) Mar. 3: The Minister called on SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe. His delegation then departed for home. (WPD 3/4) Japanese Customs Delegation Mar. 17: A 3-member delegation led by Mr. Hisao Maeda of the Japanese Customs Department called on the Joint Secretary of the CCDAC, Police Col. Ngwe Soe Tun, to discuss "situations regardeing drug abuse and psychtropic substances." (WPD 3/18) Bangladeshi Minister Mar. 18: Bangladesh Minister of Communications Col. Oil Ahmed, Special Envoy of Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia, arrived, with his wife Begum Mumtaz, on a visit at the invitation of Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein. (WPD 3/19) // Mar. 19: He called on SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe. He also called on Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, Minister for Development of Border Areas and National Races Maj-Gen. Maung Thint, Minister for Home Affairs Maj-Gen. Mya Thinn, and Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw (who hosted a dinner), and toured the Shwedagon Pagoda, the Bengali Sunni Jameh Mosque, the Myanma Cooperative Showcase, and the National Museum. (WPD 3/20) // Mar. 20: He visited Mawlamyine and Kyaikmaraw, including the Kwin-hte Mosque. (WPD 3/21) // Mar. 21: He returned home. (WPD 3/22) Indian Foreign Secretary Mar. 26: A delegation led by Indian Foreign Secretary Mr. J.N. Dixit will pay an official visit to Myanmar Mar. 29-31. (WPD 3/27) Mar. 29: The Foreign Secretary arrived. (WPD 3/30) Mar. 30: The Foreign Secretary and his party called on Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw, and then held talks with Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs U Nyunt Swe. The Indian delegation includes Acting Director-General Mr. H.P. Kumar of the Narcotics Control Bureau, Joint Secretary Mr. P.B. Singh of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Joint Secretary Mr. R.K. Bhatia of the Ministry of External Affairs, Deputy Secretary Mr. S.S. Ahluwalia of the Ministry of Commerce, and Indian Ambassador to Myanmar G. Parthasarathy. Later the Indian delegation called on Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin, and on Minister for Home Affairs Maj-Gen. Mya Thinn. Mr. Kumar then signed an agreement on mutual co-operation in suppression of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with CCDAC Joint Secretary Police Col. Ngwe Swe Tun. (WPD 3/31) US Ex-Congressmen Mar. 29: Former United States Congressmen Mr. Robert Legett and Mr. Seymor Halperm [sic], accompanied by former National Security Council member Mr. Don McDonald, arrived and met with Joint Secretary of the the CCDAC Police Col. Ngwe Soe Tun and others to learn about Myanmar anti-narcotics measures. (WPD 3/30) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations Mar. 1: Staff Officer U Htay Lwin of the Agricultural Mechanization Department left for Israel to attend a 3-month, 24-day International Postgraduate Course in the Exploration, Exploitation and Management of Ground Water Resources. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 13: Director-General U Kyi Lwin of the Myanma Television and Radio Department left for Japan to observe broadcasting services and life of the Japanese. Staff Officer U Aye Than of the Agricultureal Mechanization Department left for Thailand to attend Group Training Course in Agricultural Mechanization. (WPD 3/14) Mar. 15: Assistant Director U Myint Thein of the Labour Department left for India to attend a Mar. 17-19 meeting on Labour Migration Statistics and Information Networking in New Delhi. (WPD 3/16) Mar. 19: Project Manager Daw Nyunt Nyunt Than of Hotels and Tourism Services left for Belgium to attend a Mar. 22-June 18 Training Course in Tourism Marketing Planning sponsored by the Belgian Government. (WPD 3/20) Mar. 20: Deputy General Manager U Ko Ko Gyi of Myanmar Export and Import Services left for Rotterdam, the Netherlands, to attend Seminar Matchmaker XI, 1993, from Mar. 22-Apr. 9, sponsored by the Netherlands government. Librarian U Khin Maung Tin of the National Library Department of Cultural Institute, left for Australia to visit libraries from Mar. 21-Apr. 8, at the invitation of the Australian government. (WPD 3/ 21) Religious Delegations Mar. 20: Two Sayadaws, Bodhitahtaung Kyaung Sayadaw Agga Maha Saddhamma Jotikadhaja Bhaddanta Narada of Monywa Township, and Nyaungbin-aing Tawya Kyaung Sayadaw Bhaddanta Nandobhasa of Salingyi Township, left for Thailand, India, Nepal, Shri Lanka, and Singapore on missionary visits. (WPD 3/21) Mar. 23: SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt paid obeisance to Joint Secretary Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Pannavamsa and member Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Indavamsabivamsa, who will attend the International Buddhist Conference at Buddhist College, Seoul, Korea. (WPD 3/24) Delegations to Meetings & Events Mar. 6: A delegation led by Director-General U Khin Maung of the Agricultural Mechanization Department, Ministry of Agriculture, left for Manila to attend the Fifth ADB Round Table on Development Strategies. Other members Director U Kyaw Myint of the Foreign Economic Relations Department, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, and Director Daw Khin Hta Yi of the Trade Department, Ministry of Trade. (WPD 3/7) Deputy Foreign Minister to Japan Mar. 8: Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs U Nyunt Swe left for Japan at the invitation of the Japanese Foreign Ministry. (WPD 3/9) // Mar. 20: He returned. In Japan he met with Parliamentary Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr. Koji Kakizawa, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr. Kunihiko Saito, and Deputy Minister for International Trade and Industry Mr. Ichiro Aisawa. (WPD 3/21) MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments The SLORC made the following appointments, on probation: Mar. 4: U Soe Kyi, Deputy Director-General, to be Director-General, Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry. (WPD 3/5) Mar. 10: Dr. Than Nyunt, Pro-Rector, to be Rector, Institute of Economics, Ministry of Education. (WPD 3/11) Mar. 24: Dr. Mya Maung, General Manager, to be Managing Director, Myanma Agricultural Service, Ministry of Agriculture. (WPD 3/25) Appointments Confirmed The SLORC confirmed the following appointments, after one year's probation: Mar. 4: U Aung Myint as Managing Director, Construction and Electrical Stores Trading, Ministry of Trade. (WPD 3/5) GOVERNMENT Peasants Day Message Mar. 2: SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe issued a message in connection with 1993 Peasants Day [full text]: The 2nd of March 1993 is the Peasants Day observed in honour of all peasantry throughout the country. On this auspicious day, I extend joyous greetings to all peasantry throughout the country and I wish them good health and success in their agricultural activities. The peasantry constitute the biggest force in the nation and are the owners of labour engaged in the production of food supplies essential for all the national brethren living in the country. Agricultural production of the peasantry is for the nation, the most fundamental and most extensive field of production. Hence, the government is taking multi-faceted measures to bring about better quality of life of the peasants. Since Myanmar Naing-Ngan is basically an agricultural country, the peasants have been regarded as the main force of the nation since the time of the ancient Myanmar kings. When the country lost its independence and fell into servitude, the entire peasantry suffered greatly under the repressive rule of the colonialist and imperialist government and the avaricious exploitation of foreign capitalists and their minions. The colonial government and foreign capitalists, solely interested in promoting their own welfare, indiscriminately brought in cheap foreign labour in large numbers, without any control whatsoever into Myanmar Naing-Ngan. Foreign labour and money-lending Chettyars were given full protection and they were allowed to exploit the peasantry without any restraint. The colonial government had no sympathy for the peasantry and forced them to pay capital tax, land tax and other taxes. As they could not longer bear the oppression and illtreatment of the colonial government, the peasants rebellion led by Saya San broke out. The political outlook of the peasants were then awakened as they later took part bravely in the anti-imperialist and later in the anti-fascist movements as well as in the independence struggles. It is profoundly believed that the entire peasant mass, who had noble traditions in history, would join hands with the Tatmadaw, which is made up of the off-spring of national races, and continue to repulse all the internal and external threats facing the nation, to preserve national independence and not to let the country fall into servitude again. Now is the time when National Convention is being held to implement the national objective of laying down fundamental principles for the emergence of an enduring Constitution. Delegates who represent peasants of respective areas are also taking part in discussions at the National Convention. I emphatically urge the entire peasantry including the peasant delegates, to dutifully play their respective role in implementation of the national task 컴emergence of an enduring Constitution which guarantees non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national unity and perpetuity of national sovereinty. To all the esteemed peasantry, The State Law and Order Restoration Council is making untiring efforts to bring about all-round development of the nation and it gives priority to construction of dams and embankments which will be of direct help to agriculture, the main livelihood of the peasants. The year 1992-93 has been designated the Economic Year and programmes are being implemented to bring about nation's economic development. In this endeavour, special emphasis is being paid on boosting production in agricultural sector. The State is systematically reclaiming fallow and virgin land for cultivation of various oil-seed crops, beans and pulses, sugarcane, cotton, jute and others through the practice of multiple and mixed cropping on all the arable land. Incentives are being given for increasing cultivated acreage, extending cultivation of paddy through multiple-cropping, cultivation of high-yield paddy, practice of ratoon cultivation and paddy-plus-fish cultivation and other means aimed at considerably increasing agricultural output in order to ensure sufficiency in food to feed the growing population of the nation. The State sells agricultural machinery to the peasants on credit in which they are to pay for the machinery through the sale of paddy. It also hires out the machinery under the same programme; distributes high-quality seeds and chemical fertilizer and disseminates techniques for increasing their per-acre yield. Due to these efforts being made, it is expected that 700 million baskets of paddy will be produced from 12.49 million cultivated acreage in 1992-93; that 800 million baskets will be produced from 16 million cultivated acreage in 1993-94 and that the figure will exceed 1,000 million baskets in the coming years. The peasants can see for themselves that leaders of the State personally visit agricultural work-sites and provide necessary assistance to ensure success. It is incumbent upon the peasantry to constantly strive for bringing about development in agriculture through the cultivation of crops all-year-round on all arable land; reclamation of land for extended cultivated agreage; storage of water from not only dams but also from all available sources and application of modern cultivation techniques as well as other means. I wish to emphatically urge the entire peasantry to dutifully play their role in the tasks of bringing about development in agriculture, the mainstay of the economy, and for the emergence of an enduring Constitution based on national unity for the perpetuation of national sovereignty of the Union of Myanmar so as to enable it to stand tall among the family of the world's nations. (WPD 3/2) Religious Titles Granted Mar. 7: Religious titles were presented at the Maha Pasana Cave, in the presence of Daw Kyaing Kyaing, wife of SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe, Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin and wife, Deputy Prime Minister Lt-Gen. Tin Tun and wife, SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and wife, SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo and wife, members of the SLORC and wives, the Chief Justice, the Attorney-General and Ministers and their wives, members of the Multiparty Democracy General Election Commission and their wives, Senior Tatmadaw Officers and their wives, and members of the the SLORC Information Committee and their wives. The members of the Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee headed by Chairman Sayadaw Bago Myoma Sayadawgyi Bhaddanta Indacara and religious title laureate Sayadaws were present. Deputy Prime Minister Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin presented the Abhidhaja Maha Ratha Guru title to Shwegyin Kyaungtaik Sayadaw Bhaddanta Vasethabhivamsa of Mingala Taungnyunt Township, and Abhidhaja Mama Saddhamma Jotika titles to Bhaddanta Pandita Siri of Sagaing and Bhaddanta Sethilabhivamsa of Yankin Township. 371 other titles were then given out to Sayadawas, Theris, and laymen. [photos] (WPD 3/8) Supplementary Appropriations Law Mar. 25: SLORC Law No. 2/93 of Mar. 25, the State Supplementary Appropriation Law, 1993, approves supplementary expenditures to the State Budget Law 1992 [see March 1992 BPS]: Schedules: Figures in kyats, by line number, with following abbreviations: ordinary {Ord}; interest {Int}; contributions {Cont}; capital {Cap}; disbursement of loans {Loan}; repayment of loan {Repay}; investments {Inv}; savings {Sav}. [line numbers from the State Budget Law, 1992] Schedule I - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES State LORC 1/SLORC: Ord-65,359,800; Cap-14,713,700 Schedule II - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES Ministries and Departments 1/Fon.Aff: Ord-10,296,000; Cont-288,000 2/Defence: Ord-845,353,000; Cap-351,667,000; Inv-100,000,000 --/Dev.Bord.Areas&Nat.Races: Cont-15,000,000; Cap-15,040,700 3/Home: Ord-347,552,850; Cont-50,000,000; Cap-94,577,180 4/Rel: Ord-28,131,800; Cont-2,000,000; Cap-28,782,900 5/Soc.Wel,Rel.&Resett: Ord-54,265,000; Cont-5l0,000; Cap-4,230,000 6/Info: Ord-32,612,000; Cap-9,000,000 7/Cult: Ord-6,879,900; Cont-2,000,000; Cap-81,183,500 8/Educ: Ord-447,204,000; Cap-482,197,000 9/Health: Ord-131,305,430; Cont-70,000; Cap-672,175,650 11/Forest: Ord-74,968,600; Cap-52,001,000 12/Agric: Ord-250,115,000; Cap-201,808,000 13/Livest&Fish: Ord-14,630,250; Cap-350,000 14/Mines: Ord-3,500,000 17/Energy: Cap-600,000 18/Const: Ord-699,261,900; Cap-960,638,000 19/Trans: Ord-2,141,000; Cap-156,206,000 20/RailTrans: Ord-1,650,000; Cap-2,037,100 21/Comm,Post&Tel: Ord-3,841,700; Cap-5,656,270 22/Trade: Ord-2,822,370 23/Coops: Ord-4,220,900; Cap-15,224,000 --/Plan&Dev: Ord-1,144,700 --/Fin&Rev: Ord-138,082,600; Int-310,000,000; Cont-350,400,000; Cap-3,220,000; Loan-27,490,000; Repay-47,729,000; Inv-10,000,000 TOTALS: Ord-3,099,979,000; Int-310,000,000; Cont-420,268,000; Cap-3,136,594,300; Loan-27,490,000; Repay-47,729,000; Inv-110,000,000 Schedule III - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES State Economic Organizations 1/St.Econ.Org: Ord-6,779,309,300; Cap-1,166,250,400; Loan-5,000,000; Repay-23,541,000; Inv-166,727,000 Schedule IV - SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENDITURES Development Committees and Municipalities 1/YangonDC: Ord-52,815,000; Cap-573,879,000; Repay-946,000 2/Mandalay DC: Ord-21,383,970; Cap-9,021,780; Repay-1,949,200 3/HomeMinMunic: Ord-101,338,560; Cap-13,783,470 TOTALS: Ord-175,537,530; Cap-596,685,050; Repay-2,895,200 (WPD 3/26) Armed Forces Day Mar. 23: SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe inspected the annual Armed Forces Day Exhibition at Tatmadaw Hall on U Wisara Road. The Exhibition will be open from Mar. 26-32. A full-dress rehearsal of the 48th Anniversary Armed Forces Day Parade was held. (WPD 3/24) Mar. 26: Armed Forces Day was celebrated, as usual, with a Parade and an address by SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe [see text below], prizegiving, and by a dinner given by Gen. Than Shwe to officials and foreign diplomats and military attaches. [Photos: include Gen. Than Shwe shaking hands with Ambassadors of Korea, Pakistan, Thailand, Shri Lanka, Bangladesh, Israel, and Vietnam.] (WPD 3/27-28,30) Gen. Than Shwe on Tatmadaw Role Mar. 27: Addressing the 48th Armed Forces Day (Resistance Day) Parade in Resistance Park on U Wisara Road, SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe said [full text]: Comrades, Today, 27 March 1993, is the 48th Anniversary Armed Forces Day (Resistance Day), an auspicious occasion for the State and the Tatmadaw. At this parade to mark the significant Armed Forces Day, I will speak on four main objectives. These are: 컴 Dutifully discharging present-day national political tasks; 컴 Participation of the Tatmadaw in the leading role of national politics of the State in future; 컴 Always striving to promote the Tatmadaw's solidarity and capability; and 컴 Maintaining the Tatmadaw's noble and brilliant historical traditions. Comrades, You are duty-bound to uphold the Tatmadaw's noble and brilliant traditions. The Tatmadaw is one which was established with the full backing of the national people while we were fighting colonialists and fascists to wrest our nation, which we cherish as much as our lives, free from servitude and to attain sovereignty. From the establishment of our Tatmadaw in December 1941 to date, the basic spirit and concept we have adopted for some fifty years has been to sacrifice our lives in safeguarding our motherland and citizens and to work perpetually toward that end. As this spirit and attitude has been the most basic quality inherent in our Tatmadaw, it must be said that this has fully assumed national character. The point you Comrades must keep at heart perpetually is that all of us Tatmadawmen have had no desire whatsoever for any special personal gain in the entire history of the Tatmadaw except to work for safeguarding the interests of the motherland and the people. That is why the Tatmadaw's noble and correct national character and its loyalty to the people have stood firm and deep. Because of the correct stand of the Tatmadaw and its accomplishments, it has won the unanimous support and encouragement of the entire people. This means the people and the Tatmadaw are one. If we make an evaluation of over fifty years of history our Tatmadaw has passed through, we find we have sacrificed our lives whenever the nation faced danger and quelled it. Around 1948-49, due to desire to grap power by force or based on narrow-minded racialism spawned by colonialist machinations or divisive acts, there were massive armed insurrections. According to records of the time, the total strength of various armed terrorist insurgents exceeded 55,000. The Tatmadaw then had not gained the strength it has today, and with a few battalions, had to staunchly repulse them. The situation soon after regaining independence was bordering on the danger of the Union breaking up and losing freedom again, so many patriotic youths joined the Tatmadaw and fought to repulse the terrorist insurgents. In 1958, the split and factional fights in the party in power intensified, also causing splits among the people and there was an attempt using some of the armed men of the party's pocket army to fight the Tatmadaw. At that time, our Tatmadaw magnanimously found a solution and worked for stabilization of the situation. In that 1958-1960 period, the Tatmadaw Caretaker Government, while working for tranquillity and maintaining law and order, established for the benefit of the people new towns, which you Comarades today see as Okkala [sic] and Thaketa. Then, in 1960, a general election was held and we put the nation on a multi-party democracy path. In 1962, there were grave threats to national unity and clamours for a "purely" federal form which would lead to disintegration of the Union, so the Tatmadaw had to intervene in good time before the situation exploded, in order to prevent the Union's disintegration, and the national brethren clashing in bloodshed. Comrades, You saw for yourself what adverse proportion the 1988 situation took and what danger it posed to the nation, so I will not go into detail. The Tatmadaw could not look on with arms folded when anarchy was so rife it endangered public security and wellbeing, and also their lives and independence and territorial integrity, so it again had to take up responsibilities. To this day, our Tatmadaw had taken up State powers not because we hanker for it. We are taking up duties to prevent the danger of the nation disintegrating, to prevent danger to life and limb of the people and for the situation to be firmly stable. If we had not done so, these dangers would be very real, so you have to understand we took up duties because it was unavoidable. In the aftermath of the 1988 disturbances, national unity was at stake and as the saying "Miscreants rejoice over a forest fire" goes, what the BCP Politburo did, how they entered and attacked Mongyang area and how the KNU terrorists fought at Methawaw, Mela, Mawphokay, and other camps, you Comrades already know. If our Tatmadawmen had not valiantly fought and sacrificed many lives at those battles, the shape of our nation on the world map could have changed. It is quite evident such change would not be one of a united country as at present. The reasons such assessment can be made is the cause many union republics like ours throughout the world have been in disarray after 1988 and to this day many citizens being killed and wounded may be seen as ample proof. Comrades, The lessons provided by the events in some nations between 1988 and 1993 prove that our endeavours since we took up duties in 1988 till this day, our having worked for non-disintegration of the Union, and further consolidating the unity of the nationals are undeniably correct. Just as you understand our having taken up duties of State as necessitated by the situation at the time in the interest of the Union and the people, you Comrades must also understand that the Tatmadaw does not have any intention of keeping these for long. As explained earlier, our Tatmadaw will systematically retransfer State power to the people to whom it initially belongs as the situation in the country allows. That is why the National Convention is being held for the emergence of a genuine multiparty democracy, for the development of eternal principles of justice, liberty and equality and for prevalence of firm principles which will guarantee Our Three Main National Causes which are "Non-disintegration of the Union; Non-disintegration of National Unity and Consolidation and Perpetuation of Sovereignty", which we hold uppermost. The National Convention is to coordinate and lay down the basic principles for the writing of a State Constitution which will see to the flourishing of the essence just mentioned. Comrades, On this auspicious occasion of 48th Anniversary Armed Forces Day, I will elaborate, as it is opportune, on one of the Six Objectives of the National Convention, which is "Participation of the Tatmadaw in the leading role of national politics of the State in future." The matter of the leading role of national politics of the State in future is broad and delicate. As such, the Tatmadaw is in a position where it cannot shun the duties for preventing the danger of disintegration of the Union, disintegration of national solidarity and loss of sovereignty. Therefore, the Tatmadaw has made preparations to be in the vanguard to work hand in hand with the people and take appropriate duties in the leading role of national politics in the future. This actually is an undeniable fact because we are dutifully taking up the task due to the entire people's reliance on the Tatmadaw to defend them and the nation. Therefore, due to the need to respond to the situation when the Tatmadaw must act in defence in consonance with the swiftly changing circumstances to prevent danger befalling the nation and the people, it has become incumbent that the Tatmadaw must participate in the leading role of national politics. According to not-too-distant lessons of history there are various necessities in national reconstruction in our country and time and all-round inputs are needed. However, you have personally witnessed the vast reverses that could be caused by destruction in so short a time to the nation's political life, economic life and social life. Therefore, in the course of the establishment of a new democratic State in the future also, if unforeseen dangers of all varieties should occur at any place or time either from within the country or without, our aim is to defend against them, ever vigilant. What you need to understand succinctly is that our Tatmadaw, in keeping with the tradition of safeguarding the nation whenever the danger arose, has undertaken to share in future such duties with noble goodwill in order that we may safeguard with due vigilance and in good time the interests of the motherland and the people. Comrades, I will point out here a most important duty which binds us Tatmadawmen. That is upholding the Tatmadaw's unity. In the stream of history, our Tatmadaw was able to achieve such paramount national endeavours as working hand in hand with the people for regaining independence, working toward not losing this regained independence, toward non-disintegration of the consolidated Union, perpetuation of sovereignty, and, as I said before, working for return to normalcy of 1948-49, 1958, 1962 and 1988 situations all because of one main factor컴our Tatmadaw's solid unity. That is why we must never accept attempts being made by certain quarters using methods many and varied to remould our solidly united Tatmadaw, which is founded on patriotism. The fact is, as long as there is a united Tatmadaw in the country, its stature and honour will be enhanced. If the strength of the Tatmadaw is broken up in any manner, the nation's strength will be diminished. As long as the Tatmadaw is united and strong, all destructionists will fail, so all destructive elements will be working each and every day to see to the disunity of the Tatmadaw. As an example, it may clearly be seen that armed terrorist groups, by writing a constitution of their choice, are working to break up the Tatmadaw through its remoulding. Therefore, the patriotic public and all of us Tatmadawmen must carefully watch their step in order not to fall into their trap and efforts must be made to further consolidate the Tatmadaw's unity. Comrades, I would like to urge you Tatmadawmen to continue unimpeded vigorous labour contributions being made in the national interest. From the Tatmadaw took up duties to date, everyone finds that as efforts are made for progress in the political and economic spheres, there is rarely any place, in villages and towns, in border areas and throughout the nation, where Tatmadawmen's labour contribution is not seen. From construction of roads, irrigation facilities, hospitals, schools, markets, parks and others, to building of new towns and all spheres of constructions, Tatmadawmen have toiled day and night and the people have shared merit and are thankful. That is why you must in future also accept that all work in the public interest is the concern of Tatmadawmen, and I urge you, whether at regiment or section level or individually, that you must, as you are doing today, continue to contribute labour with goodwill. As all of you Comrades are well aware, our nation has an abundance of natural resources. What is essential for all the people to work hard unitedly, learning modern techniques and skills and unshirkingly making contributions to the full with true goodwill. Thus, in the not-distant future there will be sufficient know-how and as further inputs are made as required, the nation's economy will take off and the people's socio-economic life will be distinctly enhanced. Therefore, I urge all patriotic people to strive unstintingly at this juncture. Comrades, I will point out on this 48th Anniversary Armed Forces Day, the twelve noble traditions which all Tatmadawmen must take as their personal qualities and strive to improve each day. The are: 컴 One, a patriotic Tatmadaw. 컴 Two, a disciplined Tatmadaw. 컴 Three, a loyal Tatmadaw. 컴 Four, a united Tatmadaw. 컴 Five, an efficient Tatmadaw. 컴 Six, a Tatmadaw which makes heroic sacrifices. 컴 Seven, a Tatmadaw which does not seek personal gain. 컴 Eight, a Tatmadaw of noble spirit and high morale. 컴 Nine, a Tatmadaw which has true quality of overcoming obstacles. 컴 Ten, a Tatmadaw which can endure hardship. 컴 Eleven, a tenacious and persevering Tatmadaw. 컴 Twelve, a Tatmadaw which always upholds our Three Main National Causes. Comrades, I want to conclude, urging you컴 컴 To dutifully dicharge all current national and political tasks; 컴 To participate in the leading role of national politics of the future; 컴 To strive at all times for enhancement of solidarity and capability; 컴 To uphold the Tatmadaw's noble and brilliant traditions, which are our noble and correct service to the nation. (WPD 3/27) 1993 State Budget Law Mar. 29: SLORC Law No. 3/93 of Mar. 29, the State Budget Law, 1993, effective Apr. 1, 1993, provides as follows: Parts I-IV - General Provisions. Schedules. Figures in kyat, by line number, with following abbreviations: Receipts: taxes {Tax}; from State Economic Organizations {St}; other current {Cur}; interest {Int}; Capital {Cap}; foreign aid {AID}; recovery of loans {Recov}; drawal of loans {Loan}; investments {Inv}; savings {Sav}. Expenditures: current {Cur}; interest {Int}; contributions {Cont}; capital expenditures {Cap}; disbursement of loans {Loan}; repayment of loans {Repay}; investments {Inv}; savings {Sav}. Schedule I - RECEIPTS State LORC, Election Commission, Government, Chief Justice, Attorney General, Auditor General: 1/SLORC: Cur-10,731,200; Cap-15,000 2/Elect.Comm: Cur-250 3/Gov't: Cur-215,500; Cap-1,500; AID-662,500 4/Ch.Just: Cur-73,422,200 5/Att.Gen: Cur-74,200 6/Aud.Gen: Cur-410,000; Cap-5,000 TOTALS: Cur-84,853,350; Cap-21,500; AID-662.500 Schedule II - EXPENDITURES State LORC, etc.: 1/SLORC: Cur-171,338,600; Cap-37,009,890 2/Elect.Comm: Cur-5,939,000; Cap-50,000 3/Gov't: Cur-59,991,000; Cap-547,040 4/Ch.Just: Cur-94,479,000; Cap-7,301,830 5/Att.Gen: Cur-45,438,000; Cap-6,359,100 6/Aud.Gen: Cur-99,851,000; Cap-6,399,350 TOTALS: Cur-477,036,600; Cap-57,667,210 Schedule III - RECEIPTS - Ministries and Departments 1/Taxes on inland productions and public consumption {Tax}: 1-1 Excise duty: 29,019,750 1-2 Commercial tax: 3,648,406,000 1-3 Import licenses: 200,000,000 1-4 State lottery: 1,200,000,000 1-5 Transport taxes: 46,878,000 1-6 Stamp sales: 190,660,000 (TOTAL - 5,314,963,750) 2/Taxes on income and ownership {Tax}: 2-1 Income tax 1,494,930,000 2-2 Profit tax 948,180,000 (TOTAL - 2,443,110,000) 3/Customs duties {Tax}: 3-1 Customs duties 1,600,000,000 (TOTAL - 1,600,000,000) 4/Taxes on utility of State owned properties {Tax}: 4-1 Land rev. taxes: 46,813,000 4-2 Water & embankm.: 18,682,100 4-3 Forest products: 446,915,600 4-4 Minerals tax: 6,251,370 4-5 Fisheries tax: 250,000,000 4-6 Rubber tax: --- (TOTAL - 768,662,150) 5/Receipts from State Economic Organizations {St}: 3,142,984,000 6/Fon.Aff: Cur-2,200,000; Cap-326,000 7/Defence: Cur-53,591,000; AID-2,643,000 8/Dev.Bord.Areas&Nat.Races: Cur-30,000 9/HomeAff: Cur-41,300,500; Cap-2,000,000; AID-9,492,000 10/Rel.Aff: Cur-9,713,500 11/Soc.Wel,Rel.&Resett: Cur-2,270,300; AID 170,000 12/Info: Cur-20,496,000; AID 600,000 13/Cult: Cur-2,661,050 14/Educ: Cur-209,209,200; AID-6,552,000; Loan-14,746,000 15/Health: Cur-24,201,040; AID-24,978,000 16/Labour: Cur-12,030; Cap-500; AID-763,000 17/Forest: Cur-32,638,500; AID-17,183,000 18/Agric: Cur-191,193,170; Cap-2,100,000; AID-27,905,000 19/Livest.&Fish: Cur-64,563,700; AID-3,000 20/Mines: Cur-564,000; Cap-50,000 21/Ind(1): Cur-15,710,910; Cap-50,000; AID-140,000 22/Ind(2): Cur-75,000; AID-200,000 23/Energy: Cur-1,000 24/Const: Cur-52,340,660; Int-155,500; Cap-1,000,000,000; AID-3,081,000; Recov-1,400,000; Loan-18,340,000 25/Trans: Cur-89,310,100; AID-2,889,000; Loan-8,280,000 26/RailTrans: Cur-16,639,190; AID-702,000 27/Comm,Post&Tel: Cur-25,105,010; AID-500,000 28/Trade: Cur-28,001,000 29/Hotel&Tour: Cur-600,000 30/Coops: Cur-9,556,900 31/Nat.Plan&Econ.Dev: Cur-1,532,500; Cap-110,000; AID-1,068,000 32/Fin&Rev: Cur-65,664,500; Int-228,857,000; Cap-10,000; AID-242,124,000; Recov-315,001,000; Inv-4,032,000 33/Pens.&Gratuities: Cur-301,500 TOTALS: Tax-10,126,735,900; St-3,142,984,000; Cur-963,482,250; Int-229,012,500; Cap-1,004,646,500; AID-340,993,000; Recov-316,401,000; Loan-70,766,000; Inv-4,032,000 (WPD 3/30) Schedule IV - EXPENDITURES Ministries & Departments 1/For.Aff: Cur-77,080,000; Cont-653,000; Cap-14,417,070 2/Defence: Cur-5,687,549,000; Cap-2,969,760,000 3/Dev.Bord.Areas&Nat.Races: Cur-37,814,370; Cont-51,000,000; Cap-160,324,590 4/HomeAff: Cur-1,455,338,000; Cont-125,736,650; Cap-237,003,970 5/Rel.Aff: Cur-34,321,000; Cont-2,654,950; Cap-12,345,200 6/Soc.Wel,Rel.&Resett: Cur-60,540,000; Cont-18,300,000; Cap-26,580,530 7/Info: Cur-180,075,000; Cap-90,712,210 8/Cult: Cur-29,597,000; Cont-6,500; Cap-131,085,170 9/Educ: Cur-3,594,466,000; Cont: 526,000; Cap-792,923,880 10/Health: Cur-870,513,000; Cont-5,568,000; Cap-817,572,270 11/Labour: Cur-26,551,000; Cont-150,000; Cap-3,824,070 12/Forest: Cur-238,544,000; Cap-85,415,830 13/Agric: Cur-817,640,000; Cont-7,911,000; Cap-429,386,100 14/Livest.&Fish: Cur-84,084,000; Cap-22,091,490 15/Mines: Cur-41,180,000; Cap-2,628,710 16/Ind(1): Cur-28,999,000; Cap-3,259,000 17/Ind(2): Cur-794,000; Cap-40,010 18/Energy: Cur-3,755,000; Cap-32,412,530 19/Const: Cur-480,842,000; Cap-1,240,217,430 20/Trans: Cur-76,445,000; Int-384,000; Cont-732,000; Cap-178,358,870; Repay-1,980,000 21/RailTrans:Cur-29,889,000; Cap-2,912,000 22/Comm,Post&Tel: Cur-18,569,000; Cont-777,500; Cap-7,115,590 23/Trade: Cur-12,900,000; Cont-160,000; Cap-786,040 24/Hotel&Tour: Cur-12,000,000; Cap-2,397,320 25/Coops: Cur-227,918,800; Cap-9,259,870 26/Nat.Plan&Econ.Dev: Cur-51,650,000; Cont-7,498,000; Cap-17,034,500 27/Fin&Rev: Cur-219,050,000; Int-568,583,000; Cont-4,532,000; Cap-48,418,000; Repay-383,935,000; Inv-21,979,000; Sav-300,000 28/Pens&Gratuities: Cur-687,637,000 29/Grat&Commut.Pens: Cur-250,700,000 30/Reserve Fund: Res-100,000,000 TOTALS: Cur-15,336,442,170; Int-568,967,000; Cont-226,204,600; Cap-7,338,283,100; Repay-385,915,000; Inv-21,979,000; Sav-300,000; Res-100,000,000 Schedule V - RECEIPTS State Economic Organizations 1/St.Econ.Org: Cur-48,462,380,000; Cap-290,931,000; AID-37,734,000; Recov-89,327,000; Loan-316,896,000 Schedule VI - EXPENDITURES State Economic Organizations 1/St.Econ.Org: Cur-47,077,488,000; Cap-2,694,320,280; Loan-90,957,000; Repay-967,294,000; Inv-163,615,000 Schedule VII - RECEIPTS Development Committees and Municipalities 1/YangonDC: Tax-304,460,000; Cur-426,573,000; Cap-200,000,000 2/Mandalay DC: Tax-29,066,000; Cur-170,954,600 3/HomeMin.Municip: Tax-150,012,760; Cur-454,835,860 4/Def.Min.CantonmentDC: Tax-669,840; Cur-11,023,800 TOTALS: Tax-484,208,600; Cur-1,063,387,260; Cap-200,000,000 Schedule VIII - EXPENDITURES Development Committees and Municipalities 1/YangonDC: Cur-442,289,500; Cap-487,800,000; Repay-946,000 2/MandalayDC: Cur-119,448,800; Cap-9.977,420; Repay-11,000,000 3/HomeAff.Muncip: Cur-482,623,200; Cap-43,410,130 4/Def.Min.CantonmentDC: Cur-9,828,800; Cap-2,609,900 TOTALS: Cur-1,054,190,300; Cap-543,797,450; Repay-11,946,000 (WPD 3/31) MILITARY Insurgent Attacks Mar. 5: An MNSP mine exploded Mar. 2 near Pa-nga village, derailing three carriages of a train between Karutpi Station and Thanbyuzayat, and injuring four persons. (WPD 3/6) Mar. 13: a KNU mine on Feb. 12 "planted by atrocious KNU terrorists near Meidawgalay," destroyed a car and injured three persons. Three other KNU mines blew up on the Thingannyinaung Road on Jan. 17 and Feb. 23 and 26. (WPD 3/14) Mar. 20: Three KNU terrorists on Mar. 9 fired on a quarry truck between Kawkareik and Thingannyinaung, Kayin State, injuring two. Six KNU terrorists on Mar. 10 fired on a Thingannyinaung-Kawkareik bus, killing one passenger and injuring two. (WPD 3/21) ABSDF Terrorists Killed Mar. 5: The Tatmadaw on Mar. 1 caught three ABSDF terrorists with explosives and propaganda leaflets, near the Mudon-Chaung Hnakhawa road in Mon State. Two were killed and one escaped [details]. (WPD 3/6) Insurgents Surrender Mar. 13: Between Feb. 2-11, 17 terrorists returned to legal fold, with their arms [names and details]. (WPD 3/14) Mar. 16: Between Feb. 18-28, 19 terrorists returned to legal fold, with their arms [names and details]. (WPD 3/17) Bangladesh Border Incident Mar. 22: Three Rakhine terrorists [named] surrended with their arms at Aungthabye camp, Maungdaw Twp., Rakhine State, on Mar. 20. They had left their camp "in the other country" on Mar. 19; while trying to find the Myanmar border, they approached a Bangladesh border guard camp. "While passing near the camp they were challenged and they started to run and opened fire at those in the darkness thinking them to be enemy." Concerning this incident, the BBC on Mar. 21 said that "some persons suspected to be members of Myanmar border guards attacked a Bangladesh village and killed one person and wounded five others." AIR [All India Radio] also "broadcast false reports that Myanmar security unit penetrated into Bangladesh and opened fire killing one person and wounding five others." In response, "Authorities concerned declared that neither Myanma Tatmadaw nor security units entered the other country and carried out any activities there. Foreign broadcasting stations made false reports as though Myanma armed units had fired rather than terrorist groups who were actually involved in the incident." (WPD 3/23) Opium Bandits Massacre 122 Mar. 24: On Feb. 9, 300 terrorists, "allegedly of the Hkunsa-Kansit group" invaded Pantawi village, Langkho Twp. [Shan], burned down 150 houses, and shot and bayonetted to death about 61 Pa-O villagers. On Mar. 29 in Monghsat Twp. [Shan] 80 terrorists of Khunsa and Kansit Lokmaw "bandit and opium group" seized 120 Shan and Lahu people, including children, "digging for gem-bearing rocks and panning gold along the Mai Pan Creek," tied them up, robbed them, and shot them, killing 61 and seriously wounding 37. [photos] (WPD 3/25) Mar. 25: National Convention delegate U Kya Deh, "whose family members were killed in a terrorist massacre in Monghsat Township," was given "a cash assistance" of K50,000. His wife, one daughter, one son, and two grandchildren were among those killed; he left for home today [photo]. (WPD 3/26) Annual Military Report Mar. 24-25,27: The following are statistics for Tatmadaw activities from March 21 1992-March 20 1993: Nationwide Figures: Tatmadawmen fought 298 major battles and 2027 skirmishes. 1,292 terrorists were "captured dead", 231 were captured alive, and 615 "returned to the legal fold." Tatmadaw losses were 514 killed and 998 wounded. The Tatmadaw captured: 905 arms, 686 artillery shells, 78,879 cartridges, 2,001 mines, 152 grenades, 39 walkie-talkies, 15 communications sets, 2,961 pieces of explosive, 58 kilos of nitre, 7,824 feet of wire-fuse, 6,606 detonators, 1,982 fuses, 31.5 kilos of heroin, 932.3 kilos of raw opium, 14 kilos of marijuana, 1803 viss of jade, 17 polished jade stones, 1 sawmill, 6,861 teak logs, 4,063 logs, 140 tons sawn timber, 678 cattle, 9 mules & horses, 23 elephants, 2 TV sets, 2 video decks, 3 typewriters, 1 mimeograph machine, 2 cars, 1 bulldozer, 2 disc saws, 5 engines, 1 power generator, K214,109, Baht 22,830, 893 old silver coins, 407 baskets of rice, 1,970 baskets of paddy, 385 viss of salt, and 1 hospital. The Tatmadaw (Navy) seized 220 illegal poaching trawlers and smuggling vessels and arrested 1,844 persons on board them. 14 weapons and 601 cartridges were seized. The value of the vessels and equipment is K363 million. (WPD 3/27) Northern Command: Operations Thureintun and Minthiha. 38 major battles and 254 skirmishes. 127 terrorists were "captured dead", 89 were captured, and 181 surrendered. Captured were 131 weapons, ammunition, equipment, 2.5 kilos of raw opium, 1,790 viss of jade, etc. [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 3 officers and 24 men killed, and 4 officers and 52 men killed. [Map] 컴 In March-April 1992 the Tatmadaw captured of Jaikhon and Lawkon camps (Mar. 7, 1992); Khaingban and Khindig camps, and KIA No. 3 brigade HQ at Loilunbum camp (Apr. 9); and took up strong positions in Eastern Momauk Twp. near the border. In 12 battles and 16 skirmishes, the Tatmadaw killed 23 KIA terrorists and seized 10 small arms, etc. [details] Tatmadaw losses were 10 killed and 15 wounded. 컴 On May 20 a column killed 3 out of 10 KIA near Namton village, Mohnyin Twp., without losses. 컴 On Nov. 15 a column killed 3 out of 10 KIA near Magigwun village, Mansi Twp., without losses. 컴 On Feb. 3, a column killed 3 out of 30 KIA near Myothit, Momauk Twp., and captured 3 weapons; 3 Tatmadawmen were wounded. North-East Command: Operation Aung Moe Hein. 16 major battles and 116 skirmishes. 72 terrorists were "captured dead", 22 captured, and 26 surrendered. Captured were 65 weapons, ammunition, explosives, 18.9 kilos of heroin, 451.6 kilos of raw opium, teak logs, 12.3 viss of jade, etc. [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 2 officers and 15 men killed, and 3 officers and 26 men wounded. [Map] 컴 On April 15, a column killed 3 of 50 SUA terrorists were killed near Loikhan village, Tangyang Twp., without Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On Oct. 26, a column killed 5 and captured 2 of 30 KIA terrorists at SO-1765 near Khatchanku village, Mansi Twp., without Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On Nov. 2, a column killed 7 of 50 SUA terrorists near Namma village, Lashio Twp. Tatmadaw losses were 1 killed and 4 wounded. 컴 On Jan. 20, a column killed all 5 KIA terrorists near Pa-peng village, Lashio, without Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On Jan. 26, a column killed 4 of 50 SUA terrorists near Loihsa village, Hsenwi Twp. Tatmadaw losses were 1 killed. Eastern Command: Operations Kyaw Naing Soe and Pyi Yan Aye. 17 major battles and 355 skirmishes. 291 terrorists were "captured dead", 14 captured, and 82 surrendered. Captured were 263 weapons, ammunition, explosives, 12.6 kilos of heroin, 178.2 kilos of raw opium, 422 cattle, 893 old silver coins, 22,730 baht, a Toyota car, bulldozer, etc. [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 6 officers and 119 men killed and 9 officers and 215 men wounded. [Map] 컴 From May-July columns captured 21 weapons hidden by SUA terrorists in Loimwe five village hilltract area, Kyaing Tong Twp. 컴 On Sept. 1, 400 KNU and KNPP terrorists attacked Tatmadaw camps in Hweponglao Region; a counteroffensive began Sept. 22. After 25 battles, Hweponglao and Dawtakhet ridge was seized Nov. 2. 87 terrorists were captured dead, and 74 weapons captured [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 1 officer and 14 men killed, and 2 officers and 100 men wounded. 컴 On Sept. 28 an offensive was mounted against joint KNU/KNPP terrorist camps in Hsawhta region, Pasawng Twp, capturing Hsawhta camp on Oct. 6 and Point 1629 on Oct. 18. 25 terrorists were captured dead, and 10 weapons captured [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 1 officer and 12 men killed, and 1 officer and 76 men wounded. 컴 On Nov. 2 a column killed 4 of 30 SUA terrorists near Nawngle village, Langhko Twp. Tatmadaw losses were 1 wounded. (WPD 3/25) South-East Command: Operation Thanhlyet. 98 major battles and 955 skirmishes. 580 terrorists were "captured dead", 102 captured, and 288 surrendered. Captured were 419 weapons, ammunition, 6,861 teak logs, a saw mill, 23 elephants, a car, K11,300, explosives, etc. [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 7 officers and 128 men killed, and 12 officers and 191 men wounded. [Map] 컴 On May 1, a column killed 5 of 12 NMSP terrorists near S-428461 in Mudon Township Tatmadaw losses were 1 killed and 2 wounded. 컴 On May 10, a column killed 8 of 30 KNU terrorists, including its leader, Company Commander and Ye Township Official Aung Thein Shwe, near Waikwa village, Phayathonzu Region, with no Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On May 19, a column killed 2 of 10 KNU terrorists near Apalon village, Phayathonzu Region, with no Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On July 12, a column killed 3 of 15 KNU terrorists in Dawlan Region, Kawkareik Township, with no Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On Nov. 17, a column killed 13 of 80 BCP (Tanintharyi) and NMSP terrorists near Metaw village, Myeik West Township. Tatmadaw losses were 1 officer and 1 man killed, and 5 wounded. 컴 On Dec. 17, a column killed 4 of 15 KNU terrorists near Tihsai village, Ye Township. 컴 On Dec. 31 a column killed 5 of 40 BCP (Tanintharyi) terrorists near Banlaw village, Tanintharyi Township. 컴 On Jan. 24, a column attacked an ABSDF and NMSP terrorist camp near Ahnai village, Tanintharyi Township, killing 6 of 15 terrorists and capturing 8 huts and a meeting hall, with no Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On Jan. 31 a column killed 6 of 10 KNU terrorists in Bilin Township, with no Tatmadaw losses. 컴 On Feb. 6, a column killed 4 of 50 ABSDF terrorists in Leikthaung village, Palaw Township. 컴 On Mar. 11, a column killed 3 of 10 NMSP terrorists in Yarphu village, Yebyu Township, with no Tatmadaw losses. 컴 From Oct. 14-Nov. 22 the Tatmadaw launched an offensive in Uhta, Mawphasu, and Mawphathu Regions, Myawaddy Township, against the KNU No. 7 Brigade. It captured the whole Mawphathu Region after fighting 29 battles, killed 50 terrorists, and captured 9,339 cartridges, 6,861 teak logs, a sawmill, a car, and an elephant. Tatmadaw losses were 2 officers and 19 men killed, and 6 officers and 124 men wounded. Southern Command: Operations Yan Myo Aung and Aung Thiha. 131 major battles and 357 skirmishes. 222 terrorists were "captured dead", and 38 surrendered. Captured were 27 weapons, ammunition, 240 cattle, 14 viss of marijuana, a car, etc. [details]. Tatmadaw losses were 7 officers and 203 men killed, and 18 officers and 468 men wounded. [Map] 컴 On July 25 500 KNU and ABSDF terrorists attacked and captured Htimukhi camp. Tatmadaw losses were 2 officers and 21 men killed, and 1 officer and 10 men wounded, and 11 "lost." 컴 On Aug. 1 a counteroffensive was launched to recapture the camp, with major battles on Pawmude and Paleikkho ridges. The Tatmadaw, in cooperation with Tatmadaw (Air), recaptured the whole Htimukhi, Paleikkho ridge and Hsayde areas on Nov. 6, in 255 battles. 142 terrorists were "captured dead", and 462 wounded. Tatmadaw losses were 3 officers and 85 men killed, and 15 officers and 437 men wounded. (WPD 3/26) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Mar. 2: Maington town's communications, by Taungdwin Bo Thein. [Development in Maington {Mongton} Twp. {Shan} praised.] Mar. 3: Co-operative Showcase is Shopper's Paradise, by Sein Shwe Hlaing. [The Myanma Co-operative Showcase, opened at the Co-operative Department on Bogyoke Aung San Road on Feb. 18, is a great place to shop.] Mar. 4: An Excursion to Maington, by Taungdwin Bo Thein. ["Maington is a town that has taken a great leap forward within three or four years."] Mar. 5: The Ngamoyeik Reservoir to irrigate 70,000 acres, by Soe Myat. [New Yangon reservoir, begun in 1992 and due for completion in 1994-95, will irrigate 70,000 acres and provide water for Yangon.] Mar. 6: The Yadanabon Zoological Gardens, by Khin Maung Oo (Thee U-Shwebo). [Upper Myanmar Zoo opened Apr. 8, 1989; now has 280 animals from 55 species.] Mar. 7: Expediting construction of South Nawin Dam, by Soe Myat. [Need to push forward.] Mar. 7: Work hard on paddy-plus-fish cultivation, Maung Swe Thant. [New scheme lauded.] Mar. 7: Another step taken in furtherance of smooth and secure transportation, by Theimm Htut. [The Pyidaungsu Overpass.] Mar. 7: The State's benevolence to servicemen, by Wundan Maung. [Housing loans for civil servants building homes in the new satellite towns have been made interest-free and extended from 10 to 18 years. They "should serve the State with a new outlook as new men and with renewed vigour."] Mar. 10: The impact of war on Myanmar agriculture, by Nyan Htet. [World War II.] Mar. 11: For local peoples to rejoice, by Kyaw Kyaw. [People who volunteered their labour to build the Aungban-Pinlaung railway in Shan State are happy.] Mar. 12: Bayintnaung road in the service of the people and the state, by A Reporter. [Six-mile road being built by the Tatmadaw in Yangon.] Mar. 14,21: The Zaungtu hydro-electric power station, by Soe Myat. [New project in Bago Division.] Mar. 14: We take pride in their earnest efforts, by Theimm Htut. [Visit to various hydro-electric and irrigation projects.] Mar. 15: We can now go shopping on the Bazaar Boat, by Maung Thai Yu (Yegyaung). [Delights of shopping on the new Yangon-Mandalay Bazaar Boat.] Mar. 17: Myanma Gems Enterprise: Myanma Gems Emporium draws world interest, by Swe Thant Ko. [This year's Emporium brought in K90,659,673.47 (US$14,667,714). 343 of 530 lots of jade were sold for US$11,935,977; 855 lots of gems were sold for US$537,348; 61 of 300 lots of pearls were sold for US$194,256. "After re-examining past sales, this would indicate that much effort remains to be made in the matter of pearl sales. There is much left to be desired by way of improvement of quality, shape, lustre, hue and size of pearls."] Mar. 21: Yinchaung waters to grow summer paddy, by Magway Win Maung. [Summer crops in Ayeyarwady Division.] Construction & Other Projects Mar. 2: The K410,858 Shweminsan Bridge, linking Aung Thukha and Padauk Shwe Wah Wards in Kawthoung [Tanintharyi] was inaugurated Feb. 20. In Yangon, Mayor Ko Lay inaugurated two new paved streets: the K658,000 1,388 foot 12th St. in Lanmadaw Twp. and the K756,740 1,389 foot Theingi St. in Tharkayta Twp. Minister for Trade Maj-Gen. Tun Kyi opened the Meiktila branch of Myanma Department Stores, with 2,400 items for sale worth K42 million. He said Myanma Department Stores undersold the "outside price": 5% for luxury item, 10% for common items, and 20% for essential items. (WPD 3/3) Mar. 7: The 1,249 Chanmyawady railway overpass in Mandalay was inaugurated Mar. 6. (WPD 3/8) Mar. 14: Speaking at the "camp-folding ceremony" of the new road linking the Tabuhla (Okkan) Reservoir Project, SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo praised the 8,000 people who built the 11 mile road in 29 days of manual labour, saying "What one can't ten-thousand can." (WPD 3/15) Mar. 22: The new K5.9 million Mandalay Division Myanma Insurance Building at the corner of 65th and 35th Streets was inaugurated Mar. 21. (WPD 3/23) Mar. 23: The Furniture Shop, Maintenance Workshop, and Panglong Market, sponsored by the Myanma Timber Enterprise, was inaugurated at the Myanma Timber Enterprise Ward in Dagon Myothit (North) [Yangon] by SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt, Minister for Forestry Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, Minister for Religious Affairs Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt, Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt, Minister for Transport Maj-Gen. Thein Win, Minister for Education Col. Pe Thein, Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, and others. The K3.6 million Furniture Shop "will sell furniture for altar, library, guest room, bedroom, dining room, kitchen and Myanma sculptures with Myanma currency or US dollar." The K3.06 million Workshop will "do servicing for cars." The K31.4 Panglong Market was completed in April 1992, and its stalls contain showcases, tables and chairs for the stall-keepers. (WPD 3/24) Mar. 24: A Myanma Agricultural Trading machinery and equipment saleshop was opened at Inspection and Agency Services on Merchant Street. 286 kinds of machinery and equipment for rice mills, spare parts, construction and electrical goods, and chemicals will be sold in kyats to the public. (WPD 3/25) Mar. 25: Inauguration of the Bawnatkyi-Zaungtu-Taikkyi Road, to which the local population contributed voluntary service, was attended by SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo and others. (WPD 3/26) Mar. 28: The Pyidaungsu Railroad linking Kayah State with Shan State was inaugurated at Loikaw on Mar. 27 by Minister for Rail Transportation U Win Sein and Lt-Gen. Maung Aye. "Passengers and goods would be transported free of charge for ten days as a gesture of repaying gratitude for their voluntary service." (WPD 3/28) Mar. 30: The 6-mile Kyaunggon-Kangalay Road, Kyaunggon Twp., Ayeyarwady, was inaugurated Mar. 26. (WPD 3/31) Joint Ventures Mar. 1: The Myanmar-Unimix International Limited Garment Factory [MUIGF], jointly established by Hong Kong Unimix Myanmar Ltd. [HKUM] and the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. [UMEH], was inaugurated at Pyimmabin, Mingaladon Twp., No. 3 Highway [Yangon] by the Managing Director of UMEH Minister for National Planning and Economic Development Brig-Gen. Abel, and the Managing Director of HKUM, Mr. Christopher Cheng. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 1: A Sony Showroom was opened at No. 30(A), Yaw Min Gyi Street, Dagon Twp. [Yangon], and a Sony Service Centre at No. 96/98 Pansodan Street, Kyauktada Twp. [Yangon]. Managing Director U Wai Lwin of TMW Enterprise and Managing Director Mr. Mokato Sato of Sony Singapore Private Ltd., spoke. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 17: Ministry of Trade Notification No. 3/93 of March 17 establishes as a private joint venture company the Myanmar Macau Hotel and Tourism Limited, for "the purpose of building a six storeyed hotel of international class equivalent of Three Star, operating and management of the Hotel, extention of the Hotel business at Bagan, Mandalay, Taunggyi etc. and promotion of tourism services," with authorized capital of K24 million, divided into 2,400 shares of K10,000, of which 960 are subscribed by Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited, represented by its Managing Director, and 1440 by Myanmar Macau International Limited of Macau, represented by Managing Director Mr. Rodrigo Hong, Rua Manul De Arriagn [sic, presumably Manuel de Arriaga], 4, 1/F, "B" Macau. (WPD 3/18) Mar. 26: Ministry of Trade Notifiction No. 4/93 of Mar. 25 establishes as a public joint-venture company Union of Myanmar Joint-Venture Corporation No. (9) Limited, "with the object of carrying out general trading, agriculture, livestock breeding, production, construction, agency, transportation and services for the purpose of promoting the welfare and accrual of benefits of the public servants and retired public servants of the State," with authorized capital of K5,000,000,000 divided in 1 million shares of K5,000, of which 40% or 40,000 [sic] shares will be subscribed by various departments under the Ministry of Trade [specified] and the remaining 60% or 60,000 [sic] shares by public servants and retired public servants of the State. The amount of these "shares that can be subscribed by a public servant of the State or an organization consisting of public servants of the State or a retired public servant of the State or an organization consisting of retired public servants of the State shall be limited to only sixty shares. Those retired public servants of the State who have bought twenty shares equivalent to Kyat 100,000...shall be eligible for election" as directors. Eight such directors are listed: Retired Managing Director [RMD] U Ohn Myaing, RMD U Aung Kyi, RMD U Soe Thein, Retired Ambassador [RA] U Ko Ko Gyi, RA U Tin Hlaing, Retired General Manager (RGM) U Nyunt Aung, RGM U Kyaw Hla, RGM U Maung Maung Aye. (WPD 3/7) Mar. 27: Ministry of Trade Notification No. 5/93 of Mar. 26 establishes as a private joint-venture company the Hansawaddy Fisheries Company Limited, for the purpose of "fishing, prawn farming, processing and marketing of marine products," with authorized capital of K100 million, divided into 10,000 shares of K10,000 each of which 5100 are held by Myanma Fisheries Enterprise, represented by its Managing Director, and 4900 by Hinn Thar Minn Co., Ltd. of Thailand, represented by Managing Director Mrs. Suphit Butsayarat, Hinn Thar Minn Company Limited, 19 B Pyi Lan, Hlaing Township, Yangon. (WPD 3/28) // Mar. 29: An agreement to form the joint venture was signed Managing Director Col. Sein Hmat of Myanma Fisheries Enterprise and Managing Director Mrs. Suphit Butsayarat of Hinn Thar Minn Co., Ltd. Mr. Somchai Pochanachuntara of the Thai company was also present. (WPD 3/30) Mar. 29: Ministry of Trade Notification No. 6/93 of Mar. 29 establishes as a private joint-venture company the Myanmar PL International Limited, "for the purpose of prawn farming, processing and marketing of aqua and marine products, with authorized capital of K100 million divided into 10,000 shares of K10,000 each, of which 5,100 are subscribed by Myanmar Fisheries Enterprise, represented by its Managing Director, and 4,900 by P.L. International Pte. Ltd., of Singapore, represented by Managing Director Mr. Kyan Khinn (a) K.K. Lee, P.L. International Pte. Ltd., 231 Outran Road, 03-00 Tarng Chern Building, Singapore 0316. (WPD 3/31) Advertisements SALES REPRESENTATIVE Applications are invited for the positions of Sales Representatives in two of our Major Divisions:- 1. Office Automation/Business Machines 2. Consumer and Consumer Durables Preference will be given to those with experience and knowledge of Personal Computers and Electronics. Please submit all applications stating qualifications and enclosing two passport photos to: The Administrative Manager Myanmar Borneo Co. Ltd. 447/449 Merchant Street (43rd Corner) Botataung Township, Yangon by March 19th, 1993 (WPD 3/6) ----- Stevens Paper & Board -------------------[Logo]------------------ Your Reliable Supplier ------------------------------------------- Stevens Paper & Board -------------------[Logo]------------------ Your Reliable Supplier [(WPD 3/27--Full page advertisement] Gems Emporium Feb. 28: Foreign diplomats purchased 46 jewellery pieces for US34,641, and 137 jade figurines for $6,118. Overall, the 30th Myanma Gems Emporium sold K 90,659,673 (US$14,667,714) of jade, gems, pearls, jewellery and jade figurines. (WPD 3/1) New Revenue Stamps Mar. 1: The Internal Revenue Department is selling special high-value revenue stamps for use on contracts and real estate sales agreements. They are revenue stamps in dnominations of K30,000, K50,000, and special revenue stamps in denominations of K1,000, and K5,000. In addition, 50-pya revenue stamps picturing a "Chinthe," used on vouchers, are sold by Township and other revenue offices. (WPD 3/2) Courses Mar. 1: Tourist Guide Basic Training Course No. 1/93 of the Myanma Hotels and Tourism Services began with 40 trainees. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 8: A two-week Computer Training Course No. 1 and Publishing Work of the Ministry of Co-operatives opened at the Ministry, with 20 trainees. (WPD 3/9) Exports Mar. 3: Vencoa Co. of the United States purchased gold embroidery and handicraft worth US$30,107 at the Myanma Co-operative Showcase, "under the contract signed at the Myanma Co-operative Trade Fair held at the Tatmadaw Hall in January." (WPD 3/ 4) Civil Service Housing Loans Eased Mar. 3: Ministry of Finance and Revenue Announcement No. 1/93 of Mar. 3 provided [text]: 1. To enable the personnel who are still shouldering the duties of the State to construct houses of their own, the Ministry of Finance and Revenue of the Government of the Union of Myanmar disbursed loans for personnel housing beginning April, 1990. 2. As it has been found that difficulties are met in their repaying of loans in 120 instalments for a period of 10 years at 5-per cent interest rate, it is hereby announced that the number of instalments has been increased from 120 to 216 and the loans are repayable interest-free in 18 years instead of formerly announced 10 years, to solve these difficulties and bring about peace of mind and welfare of the personnel. 3. The following new stipulations have been issued for the personnel who have obtained personnel housing loans to make their repayments: (a) The respective loan has been re-designated as interest-free loan with effect from the date of loan. (b) Interests that have been paid in at 5 per cent have been re-designated as repayments for the respective loan. (c) The personnel who have obtained loans for personnel housing are to make repayments beginning from the time after two years from the date of loan. (d) These new stipulations are not effective for the personnel who have fully paid in both their loans and interests. (e) The above-mentioned new loan repayment programme is valid only for the personnel and retired personnel who have obtained loans for personnel housing. ----- [Table of Repayments in kyats {condensed}] Amount Max. Old Monthly New Monthly of loan Mo. Instalment Instalment Sal. 50000 725 550.33 231.48 100000 975 1060.66 462.96 150000 1100 1590.98 694.44 200000 1225 2121.31 925.92 250000 1350 2651.64 1157.40 300000 1500 3181.87 1388.88 350000 1700 3712.29 1620.37 400000 1800 4242.62 1851.85 450000 1900 4772.95 2083.33 500000 2000 5303.28 2314.81 (WPD 3/4) Off-shore Gas Drilling Begins Mar. 9: The Mottama [Martaban] off-shore Yadana well No. 1, located 70 miles from Bogale Twp., was officially inaugurated, as Minister for Energy U Khin Maung Thein "shifted the lever to start production [corrected to "drilling", WPD 3/10] of gas," and Sangha members recited parittas. Production is being carried out by MOGE and Total Oil Co. of France under a production sharing contract. Present were personnel of Total Co. and Maersk Vanguard platform. (WPD 3/10) Agricultural Loan Rates Mar. 11: The Ministry of Finance and Revenue on Mar. 11 issued a press release announcing the table of agricultural loan rates for loans to peasants in 1993-94. "The loans are aimed at providing support to agricultural production, bringing about secured life for peasants and helping boost production in industrial raw materials." Except for paddy, the table indicates that loan rates are the same as for 1992-93. Paddy rates have increased as follows: Special high yield컴220 to 400 kyats Normal high yield컴170 to 300 kyats Ordinary paddy컴100 to 200 kyats Other items remain the same [we have rearranged the table to group items by loan rate amounts]: 500 kyats: Garlic 300 kyats: Groundnut, Sugarcane, Potato 200 kyats: Jute, Long-staple cotton, Onion 170 kyats: Wheat 150 kyats: Virginia tobacco, chilli, Myanmar tobacco 140 kyats: Oil-seed sunflower 100 kyats: Matpe, Butter bean, Pedisein, Sultani, Sultapya, Pesinngon, Gram, Soya-bean, Pyaza, Sadawpe, Pelun, Bocate, Pegyi, Pegya, Peyinn, Penauk, Pebyulay [Note: pe means beans컴HCMacD.] 80 kyats: Millet, Mustard seed, Mahlaing cotton, 1st grade cotton 70 kyats: Sesamum 40 kyats: 2nd grade cotton (WPD 3/12) Film and Cameras, for Dollars Mar. 19: "Fuji Film (Myanmar) showroom opened at the Young Men's Christian Association on Theinbyu Street this morning. Patron of the YMCA U Chit Sein and Managing Director of Fuji Photo Film (Thailand) Mr Hiroshi Saigusa delivered speeches on the occasion. Cameras, colour film. photographic films, chemicals and papers, video and cassette tapes and other photographic materials will be available in US dollars from 9 am to 4 pm daily. The showroom also undertakes colour film developing work with charges in kyats." (WPD 3/20) New Bank Licensed Mar. 19: The Central Bank of Myanmar on Mar. 19 licensed Yangon City Bank Limited. (WPD 3/20) Taxes Mar. 19: Minister for Finance and Revenue Brig-Gen. Win Tin called on Internal Revenue Department officials to surpass the "targetted tax collection of K 7,247.34 million for fiscal 1992-93." He said that the five taxes collected by the IRD account for 66-70% of the 15 taxes prescribed by the State Budget Law. "Effective action will be taken against tax-evading private businessmen and corrupt personnel, he reminded." (WPD 3/20) Mogok Motel Inaugurated Mar. 20: The K52 million Mogok Motel, on the Mandalay-Mogok road, was inaugurated by SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. The Motel "accommodates 36 double-rooms and six suites. All rooms have facilities of international standard, including a roof-top bar. there is a souvenir shop for Myanma handicrafts, silverware and lacquerware on the premises. Eurpean, Chinese and Myanmar dishes are served. Charges are K 800 (US $ 42) for suite and K 500 (US$ 30) for double-room per day, including breakfast." It was noted that there are only 800 hotels in Myanmar. (WPD 3/21) Meteorology Mar. 24: Meteorology and the transfer of technology, by Daw Yee Yee Win, Staff Officer (Met. & Hydro.). ["Myanmar is one of the countries that have benefited from technical assistance provided through the WMO. The Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) of Myanmar has established an efficient cyclone warning system based on satellite images, radar coverage of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal by the storm detection radar at Kyaukpyu and upper air and radiosonde/wind observations carried out from radiosonde stations at Yangon, Dawei, Sittwe and Mandalay. An Analysis, forecast and Data Operating system which includes microcomputers and appropriate software is being used at the National Meteorological Center of the DMH to upgrade forecasting systems in Myanmar. Computers are also being used in the Hydrological Division to facilitate river flood forecasting. Technological progress and development in meteorological and hydrological forecasting and cyclone forecasting and warning systems of the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology are largely due to technical assistance in the form of equipment, expertise and training programs coordinated by the WMO and UNDP."] 25 % Civil Service Pay Raise Mar. 26: Ministry of Finance Notification No. 15/93 of Mar. 26, Enhancement of scales of pay, pensions and wages of Government personnel, reads [text]: 1. The scales of pay and wages of Government personnel were first revised with effect from 1st April, 1948 and then for the second time with effect from 1st October 1972. In order to contribute towards the cost of living of Government personnel, temporary cost of living allowances and additional remunerations were permitted from time to time. Furthermore, in order to narrow the wide proportional gap between the price of commodities and scales of pay, to relieve the food, clothing and shelter necessity and to raise and improve production of commodities, the scales of pay of Government personnel were revised for the third time with effect from 1st April 1989. Enhanced scales of pay of Government personnel 2. As the Tatmadaw is constantly safeguarding the interests of the people, the Government has decided to further enhance the scales of pay of Government personnel in order that they may enjoy relief and welfare in their food, clothing and shelter necessity and to honour the Armed Forces Day. 3. As such, the scales of pay of Government personnel serving in the posts created under the organizational set-up of the Government departments and organizations are enhanced by at least 25 per cent on the basic pay according to the following schedule:- Present Scale Enhanced Scale Serial of pay of pay Number (kyats) (kyats) 1 450-25- 600 600-25 -750 2 625-25- 725 800-25 -900 3 750-25- 850 950-25-1050 4 875-25- 975 1100-25-1200 5 1000-25-1100 1250-25-1350 6 1125-25-1225 1425-25-1525 7 1250-25-1350 1575-25-1675 8 1400-50-1500 1750-50-1850 9 1700 2125 10 1800 2250 11 1900 2375 12 2000 2500 Note: Increments are to be permitted once in two years. 4. When the present scale of pay is converted to the enhanced scale of pay, increments will be permitted according to the periods under the present scale of pay. Due dates for increments shall not be changed with the conversion of the enhanced scale of pay. 5. Where it is necessary to co-ordinate in respect to the enhanced scale of pay, co-ordination is to be made with the Budget Department. Enhanced Pension and Remuneration 6. As the Government personnel have been permitted enhanced scales of pay, likewise persons enjoying at present pensions and remunerations are permitted 25 per cent increase on the pensions and remunerations presently drawn. 7. Where it is necessary to co-ordinate in respect of the enhanced pensions and enhanced remunerations, co-ordination is to be made with the Pension Department. Enhanced Daily Wage 8. The wage of daily wage earners from the Government departments and organizations, prescribed at present as kyats 15 for 8 working hours a day is enhanced to kyats 20. In future there will be only one type of daily wage of kyats 20. Enhancement of scales of pay, ration allowance and pensions of Tatmadaw personnel 9. The enhancement of scales of pay, ration allowance and pensions of Tatmadaw (Army, Navy, Air) personnel also by at least 25 per cent on the basic pay, ration allowance and pensions is to be submitted to the Defence Council, Ministry of Defence for confirmation. Benefits for personnel serving in foreign countries 10. Foreign service personnel and other similar personnel serving in foreign countries will have the right to enjoy the enhanced scales of pay. The difference under the enhanced scales of pay will be allowed to be drawn in foreign currency. Overtime Work Allowed 11. The following shall be carried out in respect of overtime work allowed:- (a) Overtime work to be allowed for not more than 5 days a month. Such overtime work to be allowed only with the consent of the Head of Department such as the Director General (or) Managing Director. (b) Where it is necessary to work overtime for more than 5 days a month in case of urgency, overtime work shall be allowed only with the consent of the relevant Deputy Minister (or) a person who is jointly undertaking the responsibility of a Deputy Minister. (c) Overtime allowance shall be reckoned and allowed for Government personnel drawing enhanced scale of pay kyat 1100-25-1200 and pay at lower level at 100 per cent on the normal rate of wage. Effectiveness 12. The benefits under this Order shall be enjoyed with effect from 1st April, 1993. (Sd) Win Tin Brigadier General Minister Ministry of Finance and Revenue. (WPD 3/27) Mar. 27: Editorial: Better pay, better work. ["The Ministry of Finance and Revenue, it its Notification No 15/93 has made public a much-awaited break that the public service employees and pensioners must welcome. Enhancement of pay scales, pensions and wages of Government personnel, effective 1 April 1993, the beginning of fiscal year 1993-94 will contribute measureably to toward enhancement of their wellbeing. Now-a-days, when the kyat or any other currency in any part of the world buys much less than it did even half a decade ago, whatever increase in income in the form of pay, pensions or wages must naturally make the recipients happy.... Gratifying as the act seems to be, recipients now face the prospect of prices of commodities rising further. This, the Government and all others concerned must prevent if the cetana of the Government is not to be exploited by those who are wont to do so."] Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: YA KA CY 1987 97.01 100.98 95.43 1988 99.17 100.00 107.76 1989 96.22 100.59 102.76 1990 118.35 109.92 122.84 1991 91.81 83.78 96.65 1992 81.34 96.02 95.98 1993, as of: March 1 00.00 00.00 00.00 March 15 00.00 00.04 00.00 March 30 00.00 00.04 00.00 HEALTH Malaria Workshop Mar. 23: Opening an anti-malaria Workshop at the Nursing Institute, Minister for Health Rear-Adm. Than Nyunt said that 36% of Myanmar's population lives in malaria-infested areas, and that 75% of malaria patients are over 14 years old. After reviewing current efforts to fight malaria, he mentioned "the need to search for traditional anti-malaria medicines as the disease was becoming immune to foreign made drugs and to study the medicines used in the neighbouring countries." He said Myanmar had started anti-malaria activities in 1952, and quoted SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt's recent statement that "anti-malaria activities must be given priority as anti-AIDS activities and should be carried out as a national task." 97 people are attending the 4-day workshop. (WPD 3/24) SPORTS Myanmar Teams & Delegations Mar. 3: The Myanmar soccer and volleyball teams returned from playing goodwill matches in Thailand. The soccer team's record was 1-1-1 (won, lost, tied); men's volleyball 4-0-0; women's volleyball 2-2-0. (WPD 3/4) Visiting Teams & Delegations Mar. 1: A Singapore women volleyball team will arrive in Yangon Mar. 5 to play a series of goodwill games. (WPD 3/2) // Mar. 8: Myanmar beat the visitors 3-2 on the second day of goodwill matches. (WPD 3/9) // Mar. 10: Myanmar beat the visitors 3-1 on the third day. (WPD 3/11) Mar. 10: The Russian Shinnk (Yaroslavl) football team will play goodwill matches in Yangon on Mar. 14, 16 and 18. (WPD 3/11) // Mar. 14: Russia beat Aung San, 3-2. (WPD 3/15) // Mar. 16: Myanma and Russia played a goalless draw. (WPD 3/17) // Mar. 18: Russia beat Myanmar Football Federation 2-1. (WPD 3/19) // Mar. 20: Russia beat Myanmar 1-0, in Mandalay. (WPD 3/21) Sports Institute To Be Upgraded Mar. 15: Chairman of the National Health Committee SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt announced that plans are under way to upgrade the Sports and Physical Education Institute to University level. (WPD 3/ 16) CULTURAL Literary and Cultural Articles Mar. 7: Poems; in English and Burmese. [(1) "Flower and Star" by Maung Swan Yi. (3) "We'll strew flowers on the Union highway, by Thiha Aung; "Twentieth Century's new lament, by Kyi Aye. (4) ] Mar. 7: The tale of Thitson village, by Maung Shu Shin. [Third prizewinners in the 1963 novels contest, Writers Ko Ko and Maung Kyaw Thar, for Ei Thitson.] Mar. 10: Brilliant Activities by Tipitakadhara Mingun Sayadaw Bhaddanta Vicittasarabhivamsa at the Sixth Buddhist Council, by Maung Arnt. [Accomplishments of a recently deceased Sayadaw.] Mar. 14: A juvenilia, by Hein. [1967 short story prize won by Tekkatho Maung Aung Swe for Nay Min Ni Ni.] Mar. 14,21: Short Stories. [(2) "A parental duty" by Pe Than. (3) "So This Is Love" by KMA.] Mar. 21: The heroine of Pinn Myo, by Maung Hsu Shin. [Ngwe Linn, who won third prize for novels in 1965 for Pinn Myo.] University Convocations Mar. 2: Maylamyine University held its third convocation on Feb. 26-28. Rector U Hla Tun Aung and Pro-Rector Dr. Hla Pe conferred degrees on 1,831 graduates and 275 graduates in absentia. (WPD 3/2) Armed Forces Cultural Competitions Mar. 1: 979 manuscripts have been received for the 48th Armed Forces Day poems, short stories, articles, and essays Competitions, as well as art, sculpture, photos, and songs. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 2: The Judges have received 427 black and white photos from 204 entrants, and 296 colour photos from 152 photographers. (WPD 3/3) Mar. 15: SLORC Chairman General Than Shwe previewed the prize-winning works. (WPD 3/16) Mar. 16: The Literary and Art Exhibition opened, and was addressed by SLORC Secretary-2 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo. Mar. 17: Speaking at the Exhibition, Work Committee Chairman Deputy Minister for Information U Soe Nyunt "said the unanimity with which the students, men of letters, musical artistes and photographers have taken part in the competitions amounts to paying due honour to the Tatmadaw in the magniture of the nation.... The students and artists have declared to the world their admiration for the Tatmadaw through their artistic talent...." (WPD 3/18) Mar. 18: First prize poem, Tatmadaw Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow by Maung Nwei Soe. [First verse: "Think not to compare concordant in discipline. skilled to a royal order, never the declaration of the head, wearing loyalty's crown, warrior with victory's banner raised high, revering the Threefold Task컴Tatmadaw.] [Beginning March 19, there were daily reports of attendance at the Exhibition, generally 1000-2000.] Mar. 21: Third prize poem, Tatmadaw's Strength, the Nation's Strength, by Maung Myo Win. [First verse: "Summer and koel {sic--a kind of bird} tell of might and service to the nation in history. The nation's strength and companion, proudly proclaim the gallant Tatmadaw."] [Further, and similar, poems were published at intervals throughout the month.] Monastic Schools Mar. 2: A monastic school was opened at the Norman School in Mingala Taungnyunt Twp. [Yangon], under the sponsorship of the township LORC. Wellwishers donated K249,000 of books, stationery, and textbooks. (WPD 3/3) Mar. 21: Minister for Religious Affairs Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt inaugurated Monastic Schools at the Theindawgyi in the compound of Thayettaw Kyaungtaik in Lanmadaw Township. Wellwishers donated K122,000 for the schools, and a contractor donated desks. (WPD 3/22) Mar. 28: Monastic primary schools opened in Seikkan Township. Wellwishers donated K62,542. (WPD 3/29) High School Exams Mar. 6: Editorial: Long-term psychological impact of "spotting". ["The Basic Education High School examination which is an important link in the pursuit of higher education, is drawing near. Some students who have studied hard and steadily may be looking forward to the examinations. Others who may not have studied as steadily or as hard would naturally wish to pass the examinations as well. Unfortunately, there is really no viable or real alternative to sheer steady hard study to achieve the purpose. But what has become all too common at this time of frantic efforts to make up for lost time and lost opportunities for study is the search for short-cuts, namely "tips" or "hot spots". The real objective of education is not the passing of examinations but a preparation for the realities of adulthood. For education and bringing about moral development of new generations, all teachers including so-called "tuition" teachers ought to live up to the tenets as "Acariya". New generations of young students are to be prepared for the realities of responsible adult life by being made to appreciate the fact that the ultimate test of ability in real life is steady work as in regular study as students. "Spot" by all means but only as the final culmination to thorough study. But "spotting" for spotting's sake will result in creating young little opportunists. We don't want that, do we? Teachers and parents ought to realize that there can be no substitute for thorough and sustained study. What is to be inculcated in minds of students is that there can be no success without hard work. This is the one and only way for success in the examination life."] Mar. 8: The Basic Education High School Examinations began around the country. 357,300 candidates, including 93,650 from Yangon Division, are sitting for the examination at 790 examination centres, and 86 candidates are taking the exam at 17 centres abroad. (WPD 3/9) Baha'i Exhibition Mar. 22: To honour Baha'i Holy Year (1992-93), a book and photo exhibition of the Baha'i National Spiritual Assembly was opened at 355 Banyadalla Road, Tarmway Twp. [Yangon] by Deputy Minister for Religious Affairs U Kyaw Aye, Director-General Arnt Maung of the Department of Religious Affairs, Director-General Col. Sann Lwin of the Department for Promotion and Propagation of Sasana, and others [unnamed]. The exhibition will last until Mar. 30. (WPD 3/23) Advice to Librarians Mar. 29: Opening a 4-month Course on Library Science, Deputy Minister for Information U Soe Nyunt "said that although a library is a good building and books are in abundance it will not be effective unless there is a good librarian.... He said that libraries could be defined as a kind of university, a workshop for nurturing intelligence, a centre for preserving literature and culture, the one providing a link between the books and public, the one supplying knowledge and the one relied on by researchers.... In emphasizing collection of books, [he] said that books that suited the prevailing conditions should be kept. He said that priority should be given to quality and not to quantity in selecting the books. He discouraged purchasing books which might lead to disputes. He also spoke of books of good character and bad character. In this connection, he cited important points on developing reading habit as described by writer Zeya. He also recalled Myanmar history and how libraries were kept during the time of Myanmar Kings; libraries constituted one of the seven characteristics for a good town or city, he added. Finally, he said that Myanmar Naing-Ngan Libraries Association would soon emerge and he urged the librarians to work for the progress of libraries." The course is attended by 45 trainees. (WPD 3/ 30) MISCELLANEOUS Crime Mar. 28: A university student who examined shirts in front of the Shwewutmon Restaurant, Pabedan Township, was beaten up on Mar. 20 by four shirt-vendors when he failed to buy any. They are being prosecuted. (WPD 3/29) Mar. 28: "Traffic Rules Enforcement Committee has taken action against 138 errant motorists who allegedly used petrol piped from plastic containers, installed extra petrol tanks and changed position of petrol tanks, in a measure taken since 15 March to prevent the hazards." (WPD 3/29) Anti-Narcotics Activities Mar. 1: Police in Htigyaing Twp. [Sagaing] on Feb. 5 seized 46.7 kilos of raw opium. (WPD 3/2) Mar. 4: The Lashio anti-drug squad and DSI on Feb. 17 seized 6.4 kilos of heroin in Muse, along with K100,000 and Yuan 3,500. (WPD 3/5) Mar. 6: The Mawlamyine anti-drug squad on Feb. 23 seized 0.008 kilo of heroin and 0.9 kilo of marijuana. (WPD 3/7) Mar. 7: Police on Mar. 4 seized 25.0 kilos of heroin, worth K15 million in street price, in Mandalay. Police in Pyin-Oo-Lwin seized 21.9 kilos of raw opium on a bus from Tangyang, as well as 0.09 kilo of heroin from a bus, and 0.05 kilo of heroin from a bus from Lashio. (WPD 3/8) Mar. 10: The Tatmadaw on Mar. 1 seized 138 viss of opium near Naungpaying village, Hsihseng Twp. [Shan]. (WPD 3/11) Mar. 12: The Lashio anti-drug squad on Feb. 24 seized 2.1 kilos of heroin on the Lashio-Mandalay train, from a passenger who tried to bribe them with K9,000 "for not to arrest him." The Thuwunna police on Feb. 16 seized 13.1 kilos of marijuana. (WPD 3/13) Mar. 13: During January 1993, Tatmadaw, police, and customs seized 128.5 kilso fo opium (48 cases), 0.002 kilo of opium oil (1 case), 0.49 kilo of opium liquid (1 case), 0.08 kilo of opium powder (1 case), 36.4 kilos of heroin (131 cases), 17.4 kilos of marijuana (48 cases), and 134.5 litres of phensedyl (18 cases). There were 138 cases of failure to register and 14 other drug-related cases. Legal action was taken against 533 persons in 402 cases. (WPD 3/ 14) Mar. 16: DSI and the Lashio anti-drug squad on Mar. 7 seized 2.5 kilos of heroin in Muse. (WPD 3/17) Mar. 17: The Mandalay anti-drug squad on Mar. 1 seized 56 bottles of phensedyl. (WPD 3/18) Mar. 22: During February 1993, the Tatmadaw, police, and customs seized 146.0 kilos of opium (54 cases), 17.8 kilos of heroin (175 cases), 0.1 kilo of heavy opium solution (5 cases), liquid opium (1 case; amount not specified); 55.8 kilos of marijuana (46 cases), and 93.0 litres of phensedyl (8 cases). There were 144 cases of failure to register, and 12 other drug-related cases. Action was taken against 586 persons in 446 cases. (WPD 3/23) Mar. 23: Hsenwi [Shan] police on Jan. 14 seized 1.8 kilos of heroin from a car leaving for Lashio. The Taunggyi [Shan] anti-drug squad on Mar. 11 seized 2 Thai gold bars weighing 22.5 ticals; and on Mar. 16 seized 8.0 kilos of raw opium. (WPD 3/25) Mar. 26: The Yangon anti-drug squad on Mar. 12 seized 1.1 kilos of raw opium and 0.7 kilos of heavy opium solution in Dagon (South) Twp. The Lashio anti-drug squad on Mar. 12 seized 1.5 kilos of heroin from "trawler jeep No 3/93 plying from Mongyai to Lashio." (WPD 3/27) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are obituaries in Burmese as well.] Feb. 24: Dr. S. Banerjee, Pyin-Oo-Lwin, C.A.S., Prisons Department, Htonbo, husband of Dr. Tin Tin Aye, died at No. 1 B.M.H., aged 50. (WPD 3/2) Feb. 28: State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Bhaddanta Janinda, Patron of Ledi Kyaungtaik, vassa 75, died in Pathein, aged 94. (WPD 3/5) Mar. 5: R Nandy, B.Sc., son of the late Shivdas Nandy, died in Yangon, aged 57. [Hindu] (WPD 3/18) Mar. 15: U Jimmy Ba Shwe, husband of Daw Joyce Shwe Ba, died in Yangon, aged 69. [Christian] (WPD 3/16) Mar. 15: U Hau Khaw Mang (Kosak), of Chin State, husband of Daw Ngiak Khaw Cing, died in Yangon, aged 68. [Christian] (WPD 3/17) Mar. 15: Daw Soe Soe Thein, Ass't Immigration Officer, wife of U Khin Mg Lwin (Georgie), died in Yangon, aged 41. [Christian] (WPD 3/17) Mar. 17: Saw Pan Boo, husband of Naw Rolly, died in Yangon, aged 80. [Christian] (WPD 3/19) Mar. 24: Mrs. L Miller, wife of the late H.E. Miller, died in Toungoo. [Christian] (WPD 3/25) Mar. 24: Daw Kyi Kyi Htin (Phyllis), daughter of the late U Ba Htin-Daw Daw Nyein, died in Yangon, aged 68. [Christian] (WPD 3/25) Public Trainees Injured Feb. 28: "In memory of the trainees No 76 Bala Company of Basic Public Affairs Clerical Course of the Central Institute of Public Services, who passed away on 21, 25 and 26 February, merits were shared and parittas were recited at the CIPS training hall yesterday...." (WPD 3/1) Mar. 6: SLORC Secretary-1 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt "visited the trainees of Basic Public Affairs Clerical Training Course No 76...who, on 21 February, were injured in a bus accident, and are being warded at Yangon General Hospital.... [He] spoke to the trainees warded at Rooms 5/6, 7/8, 9/10 and 19/ 20." (WPD 3/6) Fires Mar. 3: In January 1993 there were 200 fires in Myanmar, which destroyed 342 houses, 2 factories, and 8 godowns, for a loss of K6.3 million, and left 1541 persons homeless. 12 persons were killed and 9 injured. Most of the fires were due to negligence. (WPD 3/4) Mar. 24: In February 1993 there were 197 fires in Myanmar, which destroyed 314 houses, one work establishment, and 2 godowns, leaving 1,377 persons homeless. 14 persons were killed and 24 injured. 84.77% of the fires were due to negligence. (WPD 3/25) Happy Birthday 92nd. Birthday Wishes Daw Khin Lay (Mrs. Po Sa) No. 74(C) Inya Road, Ygn. Hair of silver Heart of gold You're a treasure To have and hold So Like Peter Pan Live on, dear Gran Here's 92nd. Best wishes From the 'WINVILLE' clan... (WPD 3/4) Marriage Feb. 26: Maung Soe Aung (a) Hsieh, Cheng Pei,, B.Sc. (Physics), son of the late Hsieh, Ching Tei and Tan Bee Inn married Ma Khin Hone (a) Yan Chine Hone, M.B.B.S. (YGN), daughter of U Thein Zan (a) Yan Pin Sant and Daw Khin Kyi (a) Seng Yu Ni, at the Supreme Court. (WPD 3/4) ----- SUBSCRIPTIONS & RENEWALS ATT: Burma Press Summary The Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies University of Illinois 910 South Fifth Street, RM 230 Champaign, IL 61820 Annual Subscriptions: US$50.00 Add Postal surcharge for Canada - US$ 2.00 Foreign (surface) - US$ 2.00 Europe (air) - US$ 20.00 Asia (air) - US $ 25.00 [additional charge for US$ check on foreign bank - $5.00] NOTE: Checks shouldd be payable to: University of Illinois, with "Burma Press Summary" annotated on check. EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE Editorial correspondence, requests for full copies of articles, and requests for back issues before January 1991 should be sent to: Hugh C. MacDougall 32 Elm Street Cooperstown, NY 13326