92-01 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (from THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY) Vol. VI, No. 1, January 1992 +-+-+-+-+ Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans & Official Books 2 Cartoons 3 Political Articles 3 NLD Hluttaws Denounce Sein Win 7 Gen. Saw Maung's Speech 7 Khin Nyunt Warns Jurists 9 ELECTIONS Party Registration Changes 12 Eleven More Hluttaws Ousted 14 Fifteen Parties Abolished 14 Hluttaw Member Resigns 15 NLD Expels Ten Hluttaws 15 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 15 Statement on Russia 15 New Thai Ambassador to Myanmar 15 Myanmar Envoy to New Zealand 15 Myanmar Environmental Policy 16 Statement on Bangladesh 16 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops 17 Foreign Donations 17 Foreign Sayadaw Honored 18 FOREIGN VISITORS Business Visitors 18 Academic and Non-Profit Visitors 18 International Agency Visitors 18 Chinese Delegations 18 Korean Delegation 18 Mauritius Minister 18 Japanese Parliamentarian 18 Singapore Parliamentarian 19 Thai Military Delegation 19 Papal Representative 19 Russian Youths Novitiated 19 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 19 Delegations to Meetings 20 Delegation to Yunnan 20 Workers to Singapore 20 MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 20 Appointments Confirmed 20 Transfers 20 GOVERNMENT Independence Day Message 20 Independence Day Ceremonies 22 Independence Day Honours 23 Congratulatory Messages 23 Gen. Saw Maung in Upper Myanmar 24 SLORC Expanded 24 Ministries Re-Organized 24 New Cabinet Named 24 MILITARY Tatmadaw Military Actions 25 Insurgent Attacks 26 Insurgents Surrender 26 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 26 Construction Projects 26 Sales Shops, Etc. 26 Energy & Transport 27 Housing Red Tape 27 Foreign Tourists 27 Trade Workshop 27 Cultivation Loan Rates 27 Rainfall in Yangon 28 HEALTH AIDS 28 Medical Association Conference 28 Institute of Pharmacy Opened 29 SPORTS Myanmar Teams & Delegations 29 Sports Articles 29 Traditional Sports 29 Holes-in-One 29 CULTURAL Literary and Cultural Articles 29 Poems and Short Stories, Books 30 Independence Day Essays & Poetry 30 Khin Nyunt on College Re-Opening 30 Cultural Relics 34 University Convocations 34 Patriotic Literary Seminar 34 MISCELLANEOUS Crime News 35 Narcotics 35 Obituaries 36 New Postage Stamps 36 Lawyers Disbarred 36 Engagement 36 Toad Swallows Snake 36 ----- Includes issue for Dec. 22, 1991. Issues for Jan. 15 and 18 not yet received. ----- POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans I. Regular Slogans: a) Four political slogans begun in November 1988 continued in most issues of The Working People's Daily. -- Only when the people are able to enjoy convenient and easy livelihood would they be physically and mentally at peace. The Tatmadaw is carrying out this duty and all nationalities of the Union are urged to give all co-operation and assistance in this great task. -- Only when there is security and efficiency in transportation and communication would there be convenience in travel, commerce and earning of livelihood. The Tatmadaw is carrying out this duty and all nationalities of the Union are urged to give all co-operation and assistance in this great task. -- The Tatmadaw has been sacrificing much of its blood and sweat to prevent disintegration of the Union. The Tatmadaw is carrying out this duty and all nationalities of the Union are urged to give all co-operation and assistance in this great task. -- The interests of the State cannot be served and promoted by disturbances and instability. Join hands with the Tatmadaw in preventing disturbances and acts of instability. b) Since January 1990, most issues have also carried the following message on the front page: Noble Desire Although the State Law and Order Restoration Council has had to take over, due to unavoidable circumstances, the sovereign power of the State to prevent the Union from disintegration and for ensuring the safety and security of the lives, homes and property of the people, it wishes to retransfer State power to the people, in whom it was initially vested, through democratic means within the shortest time possible. Therefore, the entire people are urged to give all their co-operation to ensure the rule of law and for prevalence of peace and tranquillity. The Tatmadaw c) Since October 9, 1991, the following slogan has run at the bottom of each front page: Emergence of the State Constitution is the duty of all citizens of Myanmar Naing-Ngan. During 1992 only changes in these regular slogans will be noted. II. Variable Slogans: Since August 1992, The Working People's Daily has run a changing religious slogan at the top of each front page: Jan 1-5: Khanti ca, patience; this is the way to auspiciousness. Jan. 6-13: Sovacassata, obedience; this is the way to auspiciousness. Jan. 14-19: Samananaca dassanam, to visit the monks; this is the way to auspiciousness. Jan. 20-31: Kalena dhammasakaccha, timely discussion of the doctrines; this is the way to auspiciousness. Official Books Officially published books and periodicals are advertised or publicised regularly. These were featured this month: "Skyful of Lies": Book rebutting false broadcasts, in Burmese. "Taing-kyo Pyi-pyu." Activities of SLORC from 1988 to 1991, may be ordered by mail from Myawady Press, 181/183 Sule Pagoda Road, Yangon, for K156, [domestic] postage paid. Book on Relations with China (in Burmese) History of Tatmadaw (in Burmese). Second printing with supplements. Newspaper record of history, 1945-48 (in Burmese). Rebuttal of attacks against Myanmar's human rights (in Burmese). The Thirty Comrades, by Mya Doung Nyo. (In English) Working People's Daily, Collected Articles, Book Sixteen. (In English). Myanmar Delegation Leader Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw Delivers Statement at the Forty-Sixth United Nations General Assembly (in English and Burmese). Cartoons There continued to be several political cartoons in each issue. E.g.: Jan. 1: Soldier labeled "Our Three Main National Causes armed with pistol labeled "patriotism", defends "Myanmar" and Myanmar women labeled "Myanmar Traditions and Culture" and "State Duty" surmounted by a dove, from hippie couple called "Western Culture" with "VOA", "BBC", "AIR", "AIDS", and "Heroin", surmounted by an eagle carrying a bomb. Jan. 2: 1st Myanmar: "The destructive inner picture of those persons who entered the political field by making use of democracy are now being uncovered gradually." 2nd Myanmar: "Yes, their acts are deceitful, insulting the innocent public and harming the stability of the nation." Jan. 6: 1st Myanmar: "The person who keeps the interests of his people, language and religion in the fore and practically promotes the welfare of the entire people is..." 2nd Myanmar: "A good and noble ruler, my son." Jan. 7: 1st Myanmar: "Is the fight against Kayin terrorists just or not?" 2nd Myanmar: "It is a fight not against a race. Him! Him! I'd like to wake up and ask Sama Duwa." 3rd Myanmar: "Hay! Hay! Even though Sama Duwa is not alive, there still exist his subordinates--U Labang Grong and U Kwan Kye Tuang. You can ask them." Jan. 19: Father to son: "Nowadays ...what needs to be collectively eliminated by the people of the world is AIDS. What needs to be annihilated collectively by the people of Myanmar is the disease of `pining for stepfather over own father.'" Jan. 20: 1st Myanmar: "What is martial law?" 2nd Myanmar: "Haven't you heard what the Senior-General said during his Upper Myanmar tour? It was paggaha (honour) and niggaha (suppression)." Jan. 23: 1st Myanmar: "Aba, we came back from the cartoon exhibition `Keeping Patriotism Alive and Dynamic.'" 2nd Myanmar: "Though the sapling is strong, it can grow no longer if the seed is not good. Likewise, no matter how much the State Law and Order Restoration Council kindle you to be patriotic, each of you should behave concientiously to be patriotic as well as not to be misled by Western culture." Jan. 24: 1st Myanmar: "Where to, Aba?" 2nd Myanmar: "I am going in search of the Myanma Anyeint which is almost extinct." Jan. 28: 1st Myanmar: "When I look into the Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law enacted on 21-5-89, there is no provision to hand over power." 2nd Myanmar: "That's true." Jan. 31: Myanmar Newsman: "May I interview you. Your religion...?" Myanmar woman: "Oh, Daddy's Buddhist. Errr...My first husband's Muslim. The second hubby's Christian... To have variety I am now thinking of getting hitched up with a Hindu. Hnnn! Hnnn!" Newsman: "Ummm! I asked her as she's so well-known...its...its extremely distressing." "King of Death": "Oh, its difficult. In which list should I put her name?" Political Articles Following the pattern begun in October 1988, each issue contains lengthy feature articles, translated from Burmese, designed to bolster government views and policies. Editorials sometimes touched on similar themes. We note them briefly, with excerpts of typical or particularly significant portions: Dec. 22: A story which every Buddhist should bear in mind, by Thukhi Aung. [Gratitude to Government for its promotion of Buddhism.] Jan. 1-3,6,12,18,22: A Concise History of Myanmar and the Tatmadaw's Role (1948-1988), by A Tatmadaw Reporter. [Cont. (174-180) War against insurgency.] Jan. 3: Let me ask, by Moon. [Everyone knows that the culprits responsible for the closing of the universities were "those who drank `Sparkling', mineral water ate good and expensive food and went round in their `SEs' meeting with demonstrators and speaking words of encouragement while the students were out in the sun.... Everyone knows who they were as well as who were the ones who, staying behind the scene, used the students for their own ends by instigating them."] Jan. 4-5: Although I do not wish to talk about it (Thitsa-Myitta Discussions), by Byammahso. [AIDS. "The VOA and the BBC are making slanderous attacks...saying that the AIDS is spreading quickly in our country and that our Government...are doing nothing...and they allege that our nation does not accept Myanmar men and women who are inflicted with this disease when they return to Myanmar.... These are all falsehoods spread by them.... The nation where {AIDS} originated is a big capitalist democratic nation which always points an accusing finger at others ...which is interfering in the internal affairs of other nations and violating their human rights and which takes every opportunity to claim that it is a cultured nation. Frankly speaking, the AIDS first began to appear in the United States of America round about 1981...and then it must have spread to other parts of the world." Discussion of AIDS transmittal; horrible extent of AIDS in Los Angeles.] Jan. 4-5,9: The matter of Myanmar Naing Ngan's paying debts arising out of its separation from India, by Bo Thanmani. [Cont. (30-32) History of the separation of Burma from India in 1937, and its financial arrangements.] Jan. 4: 44th Anniversary Independence Day: Photos of Bogyoke Aung San ["...who founded the great national traditions of the Tatmadaw for six years from 1941 to 1947 during the struggle for independence and brought independence back to the nation."]; General Ne Win ["...who preserved and upheld the fine, noble and great traditions of the Tatmadaw and defended and safeguard{ed} the nation for 47 years from 1941 to 1988."]; and Senior General Saw Maung ["...who have been shouldering the duties of the Tatmadaw and the State since 1949 and managed to bring about development in various aspects of the nation beginning 1988."] Jan. 4: Myanmar's struggles to regain national independence and sovereignty, by An Observer. [Struggle for independence from 1885-1948.] Jan. 4: Further foster and safeguard the spirit of patriotism, by Thura Thamein. ["Nationalism comes first."] Jan. 4: All responsible for protecting safeguarding the independence of the nation, by Ko Soe. [All must defend against imperialists and neocolonialists.] Jan. 6-7: The Government's cetana in the field of education, by San Lin (Mandalay). [(1-2) Regret that instigators forced reclosing of colleges and universities, after all Government has done for education. "If all the persons concerned collectively...protect the institutions of higher learning from interferences by unscrupulous persons, this problem can easily be solved."] Jan. 8: Human society and art, by Aung Khin Soe. ["We must, adhering to the concept `art for people's sake', create art which is really artistic and which will help realize our Three Main National Causes, the objectives of the society, on the one hand, and which will provide entertainment to the people on the other."] Jan. 9,11-13,15-17,21: Global holocausts, by Sithu Aung. [(1-2) Pestilence: Malaria and AIDS. Epidemics won't be conquered so long as US spends huge sums on arms and subversion, but won't pay its UN contributions. "This reveals the true intent of super powers...." (3-5) Famine: poverty of third world from colonial plundering. Food is "the most fundamental human right." Poverty caused by developed countries; unjust US aid policies. (6-8) War: World Wars and local conflicts; stirred up by big powers. "Man continues to commit genocides and wage wars. He...hesitates to eliminate...famine and epidemics. He is bent more on arming the angry and starving than on pacifying him by filling his stomach. If Man goes on in this way it will become doubtful if his species will not get exterminated by the three types of holocausts even before the end of our Solar System 5000 million years from now."] Jan. 12: I will conscientiously discharge the order given and the duty assigned from above, by Shwebaw Phyo (Sindewa). [Meaning of Tatmadaw oath.] Jan. 13-14,19,21,23,27-28,30-31: A Japanese Itinerary, by Htilar Sitthu. [Visit to Japan, as guest of Izumia Tatsuro, author of Minami Kikan {book about the World War II Japanese training given to Aung San and the 30 Comrades--HCM} and one of the instructors of the 30 Comrades. (1-2) "Hiroshima, Japanese Ex-Servicemen, Miyajima Island and Atomic Museum." (3-7) "Hamamatsu, Bo Moe Gyoe, Thirty Comrades, Minami Kikan, Aung San Tagun Title & the Japan-Myanmar Friendship Inscription." (8-9) "Perceiving Tokyo, National Theatre, Kabuki Stage, Shunkan Drama and Japanese Culture"] Jan. 14: Editorial: Spare the rod and spoil the child. ["Once a child is taught that he or she can get away with challenging parental authority, it is just another step when he or she begins to challenge the authority of other elders and teachers. It is just a matter of time when such badly brought-up children begin challenging all authority. That way lies potential anarchy. Let us therefore not spare the rod and spoil the child. It is ultimately for their own good and for the good of the entire nation."] Jan. 17,19,24-25: Post independence press in retrospect (1948-1958), by Shwe Kalaung. [Cont. {from Dec. 6} (91-94) Political divisiveness in the Myanmar press.] Jan. 17: Editorial: Our Union of Myanmar. ["We know for a fact that all the national races...have been {in} existance and having been living together aeons before {the Panglong Conference}. How long before?... Most of {the theories of migrations into Myanmar} originated in the minds of western scholars who practically dominated all intellectual fields for at least a century or so. And we must also remember that it would be in their interest to suppress any and all ideas regarding the Myanmar Naing-Ngan's rightful heritage as a definite independent sovereign entity of a collective peoples. For this purpose, they actually destroyed immense quantities of historic documents even as they were attempting to raise one excuse after another to colonize and annex this land. They, the barbarians whose ancestors were nothing more than primitives at a time when the peoples of the land of Myanmars were enjoying a highly sophisticated cultural environment attempted to make out that it was just the other way around. For this they used their intellectuals and historians to culturally infiltrate and subvert the very thought of the peoples of this great land. Where they could not, they declared our historical accounts to be nothing more than myths and legends. The hypocrisy is evident from the more recent accounts of relatively more objective historians who dared to look beyond the ready-made concepts instilled through many years with vindictive intellectual domination exercised by the erstwhile imperialists and colonialists.... We can say for sure that the peoples of this land of Myanmars are as ancient as the lands which we inhabit and that this great, rich and fertile land which we today define geo-politically as the Union of Myanmar has been an independent sovereign entity for longer than either the colonialists or neo-colonialists would care to admit."] Jan. 20,22: The daily newspapers, the mirrors of the life of the Myanmars and Myanmar Naing-Ngan, by Soe Nyunt. [(1-2) Importance of newspaper as recorders of historic events in Myanmar 1945-47, and "The Post Independence History in Retrospect" for 1948-1962.] Jan. 25-27: If we appraise the attempts made to sow enmity against Myanmar Naing-Ngan, by Mya Win. [(1) BBC, VOA, and others are making false allegations about alleged human rights violations in Rakhine State. "Look at the facts which they have turned into a base in their taking advantage of a `plot'.... They are as follows: ["Fabricated and false accusations (a) As the Myanmar Government is faced with all kinds of problems, it created the `Rohingya problem' to divert the attention of the people. (b) The members of the Islamic faith known as Rohingyas who are a racial group from Rakhine State had to flee leaving their houses and fields because of the brutality and cruelty of the Tatmadaw. (c) The Myanmar Tatmadaw made an attack on a camp of the Bangladesh security forces near the boundary as a warning and as a sort of teaching a lesson to Bangladesh, which has permitted the Rohingya terrorists to use its territory. (d) Afterwards, the Myanmar Tatmadaw greatly reinforced its forces near the border and with the support of the fighters from the Air Force and warships, raised the degree of tension in the border areas. (e) The Myanmar Government created a tense situation without holding talks and negotiations with the Government of Bangladesh to solve the problem. (f) The number of refugees who have fled into the territory of Bangladesh has continued to increase up to over 60,000 at present as the Myanmar Government is continuing to unjustly seize the Rohingya houses, fields and farms near the boundary and to suppress the Rohingyas. (g) The number of troops the Myanmar Tatmadaw has stationed near the boundary with Bangladesh is now nearly 70,000 and the Myanmar Tatmadaw is refusing to move its troops back. (h) The Myanmar Tatmadaw has arrested some 15,000 `Kalars' called Rohingyas and is planning to use them as `a human wall' placing them in front of the troops. It is also forcibly using many of them as porters and volunteers." [Long history of `Kalars' in Rakhine State since 1824, and their terrorism and assumption of the name `Rohingya.' Those who have fled to Bangladesh are illegal `Kalars' and not Rohingya refugees. Not true that most Rakhines are Muslims. Rakhine State in 1991 had 1.5 million Rakhines and 700,000 Bengali `Kalars.' The Rakhine State population is 64.05% Buddhist, 38.83% Muslim, and 5.1% Christian, Hindu, and animist. [(2) 1970's Rakhine crisis reviewed. Myanmar, under the Dacca Agreement, received back 186,968 foreigners up to 29 December 1979. Since under Operations Sabai and Nagarmin 156,630 foreigners fled, 30,338 more came back than had fled, thus hurting Myanmar interests and leading to the 1982 Myanmar Citizenship Act. Most foreign Muslims live in Buthidaung (89% Muslim) and Maungdaw (92% Muslim) Townships, on the Bangladesh border; the other 15 Rakhine townships have indigenous Rakhine majorities. Sittway and Rathedaung townships have 19% Bangladeshi populations; the rest less than 10%. ["The following are Rohingya insurgent organizations: 1. RSO (Rohingya Solidarity Organization) 2. ARIF (Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front) 3. RPF (Rohingya Patriotic Front) 4. RLO (Rohingya Liberation Organization) 5. IMA (Itihadul Mozahadin of Arakan) ["These five insurgent organizations have their bases in Ukhia township, Ramoo township, Natchaungsari township and in Chittagong township {all in Bangladesh}." Their total strength is about 500, not 5,000 as claimed by the foreign press. ["In Rakhine State there are only four small insurgent groups with a total strength of about 70. The strength of the Rakhine BCP and Rakhine Red Flag BCP is only about 100." These organizations have used lies in soliciting foreign help. "Some Rakhine insurgent groups had gone to the KNU, got some help and reinfiltrated into Rakhine State in 1991. The State had therefore organized a few more battalions in Rakhine State.... This was again grossly misrepresented and rumours spread and this led to illegal immigrants and criminals fleeing into Bangladesh...." [(3) "Not only Rohingyas insurgents but also so-called Rakhine insurgents are taking refuge in Bangladeshi territory. AIA or Arakan Independence Army, ALP or Arakan Liberation Party ANIP or Arakan National Liberation Party are such insurgents and ABSDF (Rakhine) are such insurgents. They have established camps in Wakhokchaung and Thanbaya areas. A Red Flag Communist group is also based in Wakhokchaung .... In 1991 Rakhine insurgents succeeded in contacting the KNU insurgents and strengthening their armaments.... Insurgents based in Bangladesh, began infiltrating into our territory toward the end of 1991 and January of 1992. This compelled the Tatmadaw to form a few more battalions in Rakhine State and to patrol the area.... Allegations that about 75,000 Myanmar troops supported by Artillery, Navy and Air Force, were getting ready to launch an offensive into Bangladesh are absolutely incorrect.... Reports that a Myanmar Tatmadaw patrol intruded into Bangladesh and attacked a Bangladeshi security post...are also untrue ...." [Bangladesh-Myanmar negotiations over frontier problems since 1980. Whole story has been stirred up by "malicious foreigners." ["The Rohingya problem is no more than the problem of unregistered illegal immigrants that is in existence for the past forty years now ...."] Jan. 29: Gaining spiritual merit, by Thukhi Aung. ["We are gaining spiritual merit all the while. We see on TV our State leaders going frequently on tours, visiting Holy pagodas on the way and helping in their all-round development works. Occasionally we see them making offerings and charities and then we say `Very good deeds'.... I have never seen so much charities been offered in such a short span of time of three years as now under the {SLORC} regime...."] Jan. 31: Hailing the 45th Anniversary of the Union Day: Our land: the pride and the duty, by Maung Maung Aye. [Foreigners covet Myanmar for its riches. Duty of all "to be ever alert against machinations from both outside and inside the nation."] NLD Hluttaws Denounce Sein Win Jan. 1: Election Commission Announcement No. 994 of Jan. 1, lists nine more National League for Democracy Hluttaw representatives-elect who have denounced the "the expatriate group led by Sein Win," bringing the total to 301: Kachin: U Pu Htwe (Bhamo); U Kyaw Maung (Mohnyin-1); U Kya Mya (Mohnyin-2). Sagaing: U Sein Yan (Salingyi-2); U Tin Maung Win (Mawlaik). Magway: U Kyi Lwin (Ngaphe); U Arat Kyi (Sedoktara). Shan: Dr. U Ohn Maung (Momeik); Dr. Hla Shein (Lawksawk). (WPD 1/2) Gen. Saw Maung's Speech Jan. 21: Addressing State/Division LORCs, State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung said [full text]: From time to time I say things which should be said. This time too I will tell you in brief which should be said. There were things I mentioned at the previous meeting. I won't speak long this time either. Things I mentioned at the previous meeting were "don't let your own integrity be lost no matter whoever loses his; don't let yourselves be deceived whoever attempts to deceive to whatever extent; in doing your work, hold firm to the teachings `Su, Ci, Pu, Bha, Vi, Li, Si, Dha' and do your work with awareness, diligence and knowledge." Myanmar Naing-Ngan does not lack a leader. It has a leader. I mentioned this at a press conference. I am a Buddhist, I am more than a mere Buddhist by birth. The majority of the people these days seem to be influenced by moha (delusion). They don't tell the truth. As for me, I always tell the truth. To tell the truth is Thitsa. The country today is ruled by Martial Law. According to their definition Martial Law means `No law at all.' When one studies Buddhist scriptures, one will find that there is a great law of Lord Buddha. Vinaya rules were violated in Mandalay. For example, they were U Yewata and U Kaviya as well as some in Yangon such as U Panninda. Among those who violated the rules was even one who had obtained the Tipitaka Title. Some people are so much wavering that they are not even sure whether they should believe there are six abodes of celestial beings. If they have such ideas they can't be Buddhists. This country is known as `Myanmar' in the United Nations. There is one point which not everybody is aware of. In explaining to the heads of services organizations, Maj-Gen Khin Nyunt declared which persons and which parties were not acceptable. You can find them in the newspaper. If one recalls the period of Japanese occupation, one will find that the organization `Minami Kikan' and the Imperial Army were different entities. The Minami Kikan sincerely wanted to give Myanmar Naing-Ngan its independence. It is true. I will talk about Our Tatmadaw. I was once a Central Executive Committee member of the Burma Socialist Programme Party. I was once on it. In other words, I was the Minister for Defence during the time of the previous government. Since I am a `Sittha' (soldier) who remained (`Kyan') from that government, I may quite rightly be referred to as `Kyansittha'. The hints I am giving are all true. Some people think I am making a personal attack because I am saying these. Some people said so. I have got many reports. What some people say in our country is so bad that one historian, who has received a doctorate said that he even liked Aris of the Anawratha period. If we think about it, what is the situation of Myanmar Naing-Ngan which is said to be the country where Theravada Buddhism flourishes? If we look at the people we will find that they want to be praised and rewarded. But they do not do their work well. Some radio stations broadcast about Rohinger. It is not a problem at all. We have the Citizenship Law enacted in 1982. All the grown-up people know that 1974 Constitution was adopted through a national referendum. It was the Tatmadaw that adopted the one-party system and the Socialist economy. The Lanzin Party became the Ta-Sa-Nya Party following its own course. It is also a natural phenomenon that everything is impermanent. Boldly do what you have to do. There is nothing to worry about. Party members, public, members of Sangha and those who believe in other faiths should review themselves. It is known among the people that the first letters of eight words "Su, Ci, Pu, Bha, Vi, Li, Si Dha" mentioned at the previous meeting were written by Shin Maha Rattha Sara. When I asked one learned person, I was told that it is mentioned in Anguttara Pali text. These are the teachings of Lord Buddha. Lord Buddha was not an ordinary person. Lord Buddha was not just an ordinary person but had nine guna virtues. I am a person who follows the Middle Path and who avoids the two extremes. Let foreign radio stations and foreign newspapers and periodicals broadcast and write what they want to broadcast and write. We have no need to care. When I met `Asiaweek' I told them `I saved Burma'. Under the present conditions I should say `I saved Myanmar. Annihilate the terrorists in armed movement. It is not easy to change from one system to another. It cannot be done within a few years. I have already said that I cannot forsee the future. It is not true that Buddha Sasana will flourish only for five thousand years. There is reference to this in the `Maha Buddhawin Kyangyi' written by the Mingun Sayadaw. The book mentions on its page 419 "Siram Tit-thatu Saddhamo Dhamma Hontu Sagarava Sabbepi Satta Kalena Samma Devo Pavassatu: Its meaning is "May the three modes of Sasana, namely, Pariyatti Sasana, Patipati Sasana, and Pativedha Sasana exist for long! May all the living beings highly regard the Dhammas with due respect! May rainfall seasonally occur at all times! There is religious freedom in this country. If you want to know what kind of person I am, you may ask the Most Reverend Sayadaws. I have received ovada from them. Read the thin, oblong yellow book. I always do things with awareness, digligence and knowledge. When I say knowledge, I don't mean evil knowledge like black magic or witchcraft. [Transcribed as printed-HCM] (WPD 1/22) Khin Nyunt Warns Jurists Jan. 28: Speaking to the Chief Justice, Attorney-General, and assembled State/Division Judges and Law Officers, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said [excerpts]: "I have frequently taken the opportunity at previous such co-ordination meetings to emphasize the State's objectives and aims regarding matters which ought to be adhered to and others which ought to be avoided...." "If we are to assess how such admonitions have been implemented in practice in the wake of the reminders so emphatically given, we will find the following;- -- Point 1: I have given emphatic reminder at every one of these meetings for the passing of sentences to be sufficient deterrence to law-breakers.... It is being found that some judges have not been acting according to the reminder. On the contrary, some judges have been too lenient to the point of indulgence in passing sentences.... -- Point 2: It is also being found that implementation has not been according to the emphatic reminders to build strong cases and also for the prosecution to provide full assistance for fair and speedy trials. -- Point 3: The need has also been emphasized for getting rid of unsightly questionable activities in the vicinity of law courts. But it is being found that there still exist such things due to lack of effective implementation. -- Point 4: Law officers are now helping the courts a little more than before to expedite fair and speedy trials. But weaknesses are still being found in the help being given to some township courts. -- Point 5: Emphatic reminders have also been given regarding the need to be free of corruption. Yet corruption continues to fester in spite of effective action being taken. It has therefore been found that firm and effective action must continue to be taken. "The system of People's Judges Committees was abolished.... It is now three years since the system of trial by committee has been substituted with trial by a single judge .... But...there still continue to exist weaknesses and shortcomings ...." "I therefore wish to underscore to all the intelligentsia...in the administration of justice that it is now time to stop talking and start working. I wish to doubly impress upon you to take effective action and to impose appropriate disciplinary measures without fear or favour if you find any breach or negligence of rules...." "Whatever the news regarding the administration of justice, be it good or bad, it invariably spreads from person to person until it becomes known to all. "Fairness and speed are essential in the administration of justice.... "Unfortunately the expression `Decision goes to whoever has more money' can still be heard in the administration of justice.... Its meaning is clear enough...it means that whoever is able to pay the most money wins the case. The litigant bribes the judge; the judge accepts; and then the judges passes a decision in favour of the party who gives the bribe...." "Seven kinds of individual are not worthy of being judges...is given in paragraph 13 of Volume VI of the Manukye Dhammathat.... 1. One who gives judgement [improperly] in favour of someone of noble birth.... 2. One who judges in favour of someone who has given much bribe and gifts.... 3. One who judges in favour of relatives and kinsmen.... 4. One who judges due to fear of death or destruction.... 5. One who gives jusgement against a person...in the belief that he is an enemy. 6. One who does not know or cannot differentiate between falsehood and truth. 7. One who...gives judgement contrary to his knowledge due to greed. "I wish to declare here and now that it is time for such individuals not worthy of being judges to be uprooted...." "From the time the [SLORC] took over...there were...170 judicial affairs personnel against whom action was taken and punishment meted out ...for taking bribes, misconduct and for deviation in dispensing of justice. Out of them, 100 were given warning; 28 were permitted to resign; 23 were dismissed; six were demoted; seven were given warning and demoted; five of them had their increment stopped and one had his promotion suspended. Out of [these] ...there were 39 state and division judges...." "It is therefore necessary for the state and division judges to administer justice in such a way that the public may come to have faith and trust in them by avoiding bribery and corruption...." "Martial Law is being used only when it is necessary. The Military Tribunals are hearing cases...only in cases of defying the authority, direct confrontations, carrying out activities aimed at bringing about disintegration of the Tatmadaw and those which could affect the country and race...." "I would like to talk about the matter of rewriting the laws.... It is common knowledge that the [SLORC] is effecting political and economic changes. It has also repealed and replaced the laws which are not in accord with the changes taking place. Moreover...some laws have become obstacles to the work being undertaken.... As some laws were drawn up...according to the wishes and desires of the aliens,...they are not in accord...with the present situations.... There are also laws ...which lawyers can stretch or bend according to their needs and wishes .... Some laws give opportunities for manipulation by those who can afford money or who have friends ...." "I would like to take this opportunity to dwell a little on the involvement of lawyers in the political changes during the disturbances .... What I say may contain names. But, since these are revealed to enable the people to come to know facts and to draw lessons so that the course of future history would not be tainted, I would like to warn you not to regard this as revealing personal matters.... "Four groups of lawyers took part in the [1988 disburbances]...." "The Bar Council or the Council of Advocates of the Central Court.... Vice President Thakin Chit, Secretary Daw Myint Myint Khin, and members U Hkun Win Hlaing, U Ko Yu and U Ohn Maung, setting the President [U Myint Maung] aside, held a meeting...on 15-8-88...[and] issued a statement making allegations camouflaged in legal terms against the Council of State and making demands. [It] was signed by thakin Chit, U T P Wan, U Ohn Maung, Daw Myint Myint Khin, U Mya Thein, U Hkun Win Hlaing and U Ye Htut from the Bar Council and lawyers Dr. Maung Maung Kyaw and Monywa Tin Shwe.... The letter contained matters which could breed wrong ideas and misunderstanding in the minds of those who read it... [and was] designed to intensify the disturbances.... The Bar Council... on 10-9-88 decided that [it] did not accept U Nu's parallel government and...urged Daw Suu Kyi to form an interim government.... However... Thakin Chit...was a minister...in U Nu's parallel government.... U Tun Tin, U Ko Yu and Daw Myint Myint Khin...issued a Bar Council statement in support of Daw Suu Kyi.... The lawyers from the Bar Council joined such parties as the League for Democracy and Peace, the National League for Democracy, the Democracy Party and so on. "The Yangon Lawyers' Association with U Ba Tun as chairman...Monywa Tin Shwe as vice-chairman [and] U Mya Thein as secretary and 17 members was then formed [16-8-88]...and an announcement was issued [which] ...demanded the revoking military administration order and immediate release of those arrested...in an attempt to create situation in which the disturbances could go as far as anarchistic acts...and the...terrorists could move more actively if military administration had been lifted.... U Ba Tun was a minister ...in U Nu's parallel government.... U Ko Myint, U Min Sein and U Ba Tun from Yangon Lawyer's Association joined the League for Democracy and Peace and Monywa Tin Shwe and U Tun Tin joined the National League for Democracy...." "The `Taik-pwe-win Shay-nay-myar' Committee {Committee of Fighter-Lawyers}...[during 1988] opened at the Yangon Lawyers Association Office... led by U Zaw Myo Win, U Than Nyunt, U Myint Thein, U Kyaw Soe (Bo), U Bo Aye, U Thaung Tun, U Ko Ko Lay, Daw Maureen, U Tin Maung Oo, and U Kyi Sein.... When the state of emergency was lifted, Daw Myint Myint Khin, U Tun Tin, U Ohn Maung and U Ko Yu... called for the reconstruction of the committee.... Agreement was not reached between U Than Nyunt (Aung), U Zaw Myo Win, U Kyaw Soe (Bo) and Daw Maureen from the...Committee and the Daw Myint Myint Kyin's group... and the group led by Daw Myint Myint Kyin, U Ohn Maung and U Tun Tin later formed the `Myanmar Naing-Ngan-lon-saing-ya Shay-nay-mya Thamagga'...and had its office opened at Daw Myint Myint Khin's office.... A Tatmadaw officer by the name of Captain Sitthu and his group...were arrested by a mob...[and] tortured in interrogation.... [They] were taken to Thayettaw Kyaungtaik and put under arrest there...by...some lawyers from the `Taik-pwe-win Shay-nay-mya' Committee and the Yangon Lawyers Association. They were handed over to...[a Sayadaw] on 26-8-88.... U Kyaw Soe (Bo)...U Than Nyunt (Aung)...U Tin Maung Oo [joined the] National Party and U Zaw Myo Win, Rule of People's Democracy League...." "There was a split between experienced lawyers such as Daw Myint Myint Khin, U Tun Tin and U Ko Yu from Yangon Lawyers Association and lawyers of younger generation... [who] carried out their movements under the `Taik-pwe-win Shay-nay-mya' Committee and Daw Myint Myint Khins's group also formed the Myanmar Naing-Ngan Lawyers' Thamagga.... Lawyers with the...Thamagga during the disturbances were [list condensed]:" Chairman-Daw Myint Myint Khin; Vice Chairmen-U Ba Sein, U Ohn Maung; General Secretary-U Ko Yu; Joint General Secretary-U Tin Aye; Executive Committee members-U Tun Tin, U Win Kyi, U Chan Aye, U Aung Ban, U Ye Htut, U Maung Maung Gyi, U Ngwe Than, Monywa Tin Shwe, U Zaw Win Hlaing, U Maung Maung Tun, U Myo Han, U Thein Chan, U Ohn Maung, U Thein Han (Gyobyu), U Soe Paing, U Tin Aung, U Myo Nyunt, Daw Khin Aye Mar].... "The Myanmar Naing-Ngan Thamagga (provisional) issued statement No 1 on 13-9-88 [which] demanded that the Burma Socialist Programme Party give-up power; prompt formation of an interim government; and the holding of a general election by the interim government.... The...Thamagga...took to the streets and staged demonstrations.... Daw Myint Myint Khin, U Ko Yu, U Tun Tin, U Chan Aye, Monywa Tin Shwe, U Ohn Maung (Bank), U Thein Han (Gyobyu) and U Ye Htut...joined the National League for Democracy and U Aung Ban...joined the Democratic Front for National Reconstruction ...." "Next I would like to speak on Mandalay Lawyers Association.... Lawyers Tin Aye Kyu (a) Hmaing Lwin and Thein Thein Oo, who were BCP UG elements, spread propaganda in Mandalay...[and] carried out organizational work [among] lawyers...[and] students.... The Association...took to the streets...on 17 August [1988] .... It opened a `democracy' court ...and the lawyers tried the cases according to their wishes.... [Some joined] the Mandalay Myon-ne-lon-saing-ya Thabeik Tatpaungsu...[and] even joined Galonni U Kawiya.... [Later] BCP UG lawyers Tin Aye Kyu, Khin Maung Than, Thein Than Oo... officially formed a political party under the name `National Political Front'.... The BCP (Central) laid down four objectives for that party [as a legal front for the BCP].... The party was banned when the BCP UG men were exposed and apprehended ...." "When the Tatmadaw assumed the responsibilities of State...some lawyers made use of the lawyers organizations and...joined the political parties and entered headlong into the political arena.... Lawyers ...neglected the Law and twisted the law to their own liking. For instance, U Chan Aye's group from the National League for Democracy knew full well that...Daw Suu Kyi was not eligible to contest the election, but...[nevertheless] put applications for Daw Suu Kyi to contest the election.... It was also their plan to place the Government in a tight spot and thus kill two birds with one stone.... Daw Myint Myint Khin ...[later] replied that Daw Suu Kyi [was not eligible, but at the time] Daw Myint Myint Khin was under detention and therefore did not know the situation. She said that those responsible at that time regarding legal matters in NLD were U Chan Aye, U Soe Myint, U Ye Myint, U Aung Kyaw Soe and U Nyan Win and she knew nothing about it...." "The worse was that some lawyers ...instigated the students from behind the scene, some lawyers joined up with the traitorous cohorts who had contacts with the expatriates and carried out instigative work and some lawyers made contacts with the embassies and sold information. Among these lawyers were some who made contacts with the BCPs became BCP UGs and conspired to seize state power...." "To conclude my speech I would like to draw your attention to the four factors that lead to the disintegration of a nation as mentioned in `Maha Yana Niti' writted by Shin Maha Silavamsa. They are: (1) Anayaka Vinasanti==A nation disintegrates if there is no leader (2) Kanasanti Bahunayaka==A nation disintegrates if there are many leaders (3) Kathi-Nayaka Vinasanti==A nation disintegrates if a woman becomes a leader of the state (4) Kanasanti Susunayaka==A nation disintegrates if a child becomes the leader of the state. "We find that these four causes were written by Shin Maha Silavamsa. It is clear that there should never be a woman leader of State in Myanmar Naing-Ngan and that there should never be a child leader of State in Myanmar Naing-Ngan. The nation will disintegrate if a woman or a child becomes the leader of State. Myanmar Naing-Ngan does not lack a leader. The leader and head of State is Senior General Saw Maung.... I would like to urge...all the law experts and lawyers and economists to actively participate, with correct orientation and clear conscience and without Maha, in the endeavour to establish a peaceful, prosperous and new democratic state." (WPD 1/29) Jan. 30: Outstanding law personnel were awarded the Attorney-General's Award, in accordance with the "award-and-punishment system...being practised in the country...." Two recipients got Grade I, 8 got Grade II, and 37 got Grade III. (WPD 1/31) ELECTIONS Party Registration Changes Party registration changes announced by the General Election Commission [in order of Party]. (1) Democracy Party. The Kyaikto Twp. Branch has been abolished. (WPD 1/30) (2) National League for Democracy. Former CEC Member Daw Mi Mi Khin has resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/4) // Former CLC member U Ko Yu has resigned from the Party. Former CEC members U Win Tin and U Aung Lwin and former CLC members U Tin Shwe, U Tun Tin, and U Moe Thu have been removed from the Party. (WPD 1/10) // CEC member U Min Wai has resigned. (WPD 1/21) (3) People's Democratic Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (5) All-Myanmar United Youths Organization. The Meiktila Twp. Branch has been abolished. (WPD 1/30) (7) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League. Registration cancelled at the request of Party Executive Committee, Jan. 1, 1992. (WPD 1/2) (8) Democratic Front for National Reconstruction. The Tada-U Twp. Branch has been abolished. (WPD 1/ 30) (10) Graduates and Old Students Democratic Association. The Kyaikto and Mingaldon Twps. Branches have been abolished. (WPD 1/30) (11) Myanmar United Democratic Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 8, 1992. (WPD 1/9) (12) National Peace and Democracy Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (27) Myanmar Naing-Ngan Democratic People's Power Organization. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (30) Zomi National Congress. GS Tarn Thang Lian Paul; Sec. Pu Kam Khin Mang; and CEC members Pupum Za Lian, Puzam Hkant Suan, have resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/26) (37) United National Congress. Registration cancelled at the request of Party Executive Committee, Jan. 30, 1992. (WPD 1/31) (52) Naga Hills Regional Progressive Party. JGS U Ba Win has resigned. (WPD 1/4) (74) Kachin State National Congress for Democracy. Info. Officer U Kyaw Bawm has resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/10) // Ch U Byit Tu has resigned from the Party. CEC member U Zagon Zau Khun has resigned. (WPD 1/21) (78) Arakan National Unity Organization. JGS U Aung Tun Oo has resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/4) // Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 8, 1992. (WPD 1/9) (86) National Peace Party. CEC member U Soe Yi has resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/4) // Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (88) National Democratic Party for Human Rights. Patron U R Bul Baw Shor has died. (WPD 1/4) (89) Free People League of Myanmar. Registration cancelled at the request of Party Executive Committee, Jan. 27, 1992. (WPD 1/28) (96) Rakhine Nationalites Democracy Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 8, 1992. (WPD 1/9) (98) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (HQ) AFPFL (Original). Patron U Thein has resigned. (WPD 1/10) // The Myingyan Twp. Branch has been abolished. (WPD 1/ 30) (122) Union of Myanmar Unity Democracy League. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (152) Shan State Kachin Democratic Party. GS U Zaw Bawk has resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/21) (166) Mara People's Party. JGS U Be Harong has resigned from the Party. (WPD 1/4) (167) Union Nationals Democracy Party. VCh U Khin Maung Maung has resigned. (WPD 1/10) // The Tanintharyi Div. Organizing Committee, the Dawei Twp. Org. Comm., and the Kawthoung, Buthidaung, South Okkalapa, and Kyaikto Twps. Branches have been abolished. (WPD 1/30) (177) Amyothar Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 8, 1992. (WPD 1/9) (194) Indigenous Race Collaboration Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (198) Union People's Future and Democracy Party. CEC member U Tha Aye has died. (WPD 1/4) // Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (200) Anti-Communist, Anti-Socialist, Anti-Totalitarian Free Democracy League. Ch U Thet has resigned from the Party. New officers are Ch U Maung Maung Lay; VCh and Treas. U Nay Win Aung. (WPD 1/21) (207) Lahu National Development Party. CEC member U Kya Soe has resigned. (WPD 1/4) (215) Union of Myanmar Democratic Front. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 8, 1992. (WPD 1/9) (216) League of Democratic Alliances. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 8, 1992. (WPD 1/9) (219) People's Peasant's Party. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) (233) Democratic Allies' League. Registration cancelled by SLORC, Jan. 22, 1992. (WPD 1/23) Eleven More Hluttaws Ousted Jan. 2: Election Commission Announcement No. 995 of Jan. 2 ousts five Pyithu Hluttaw representatives elected 27 May 1990, all from the National League for Democracy, who have been convicted under Section 122(1) of the Penal Code: U Hla Tun (Kyimyindine); U Tha Saing (Twantay-1); U Myint Kyi (Katha); U Myint Naing (Kanbalu-2); U Thein Pe (Kanbalu-1). They are permanently barred from future elections. (WPD 1/3) Jan. 6: Election Commission Announcement No. 996 of Jan. 6 ousts four Pyithu Hluttaw representatives elected 27 May 1990, all from the National League for Democracy, who have been convicted under Section 122(1) of the Penal Code: U Thaung Myint (Khin-U-2); U Thein Tun (Thegon-2); U Aung San Myint (Myaing-1); Daw Ohn Kyi (Myittha-1). They are permanently barred from future elections. (WPD 1/7) Jan. 8: Election Commission Announcement No. 997 of Jan. 8 ousts two Pyithu Hluttaw representatives elected 27 May 1990, both from the National League for Democracy, who have been convicted of crimes: U Maung Maung Myint (Yamethin-1): Section 5(1)(f)(g) of the Habitual Offenders Act, 1961, and Section 290 of the Penal Code; U Aung Kyi Nyunt (Chaungzon-1): Sections 436/109 of the Penal Code. The first is barred from elections for ten years; the second is barred permanently. (WPD 1/9) Fifteen Parties Abolished Jan. 8: SLORC Order No. 1/92 of Jan. 8, on the recommendation of the Election Commission, abolishes effective Jan. 8, 1992, six political parties "whose representatives have not been elected and which have not even been able to present the organizational standings of their parties," namely: (a) League of Democratic Alliances [No. 216] (b) Union of Myanmar Democratic Front [215] (c) Myanmar United Democratic Party [11] (d) Rakhine Nationalities Democratic Party [96] (e) Rakhine National Unity Organization [78] (f) Amyothar Party [177]. This leaves 68 Registered Parties. (WPD 1/9) Jan. 22: SLORC Order No. 2/92 of Jan. 22, on the recommendation of the Election Commission, abolishes effective Jan. 22, 1992, nine political parties "which have not been able to get their representatives elected and which have only a single central organization without any basic party organizations whatsoever," namely: (a) Indigenous Race Collaboration Party [No. 194] (b) Democratic Allies League (D.A.L.) [233] (c) Union People's Future and Democracy Party [198] (d) Myanmar Naing-Ngan Democratic People's Power Organization [27] (e) National Peace and Democracy Party [12] (f) Union of Myanmar Unity Democracy League (MUDL) [122] (g) National Peace Party [86] (h) People's Peasant's Union (Union of Myanmar) [219] (i) People's Democratic Party [3] This leaves 59 Registered Parties. (WPD 1/23) Hluttaw Member Resigns Jan. 13: Election Commission Announcement No. 1000 of Jan. 13 allows U Oo Byit Tu (Myitkyina-2) to resign, on grounds of health. (WPD 1/14) NLD Expels Ten Hluttaws Jan. 25: Election Commission Press Release No. 4/92 of Jan. 25 states that the National League for Democracy has expelled the following ten members "who are serving sentences for their violation of the existing laws": U Tin Oo: Former party chairman; U Kyi Maung: former CEC member and former representative for Bahann-2; U Soe Thein (Maung Wun Tha): former representative for Waw-2; U Kyaw Min: former representative for Pathein West-2; U Myo Aung: former representative for Dawei-2; U Khin Maung Swe: former representative for Sangyoung; U Chan Aye: former representative for Mawlamyine-2; U Soe Nyunt" former representative for Kyauktan-2; U Tin Htut: former representative for Einme-1; U Ohn Kyaing: former representative for Mandalay SE-2. In addition, the NLD has expelled U Win Khet, as of Mar. 26, 1991, "who is now out of the bounds of law." (WPD 1/26, corrected 1/27) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Jan. 3: Indonesian Ambassador Maj-Gen. Bernhard Paul Makadada on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss the new extension of air service to Jakarta. (WPD 1/4) Jan. 20: Yugoslav Ambassador DR. Svetozar Jovecivic and Trade Promotion Officer Mr. Rodavan Simic on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (WPD 1/21) Jan. 24: Malaysian Military Attache Lt-Col. Mushardin bin Mohd Said on Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services and Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Than Shwe, to introduce his successor, Lt-Col. Samah bin MD. (WPD 1/25) Jan 28: Czech and Slovak Commercial Counsellor Alois Koncal on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 1/29) Statement on Russia Jan. 1: [Text] "The Union of Myanmar noted that the Russian Federation has assumed the rights and obligations of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics both in bilateral relations and in the context of community of nations, including the seat and membership of the United Nations. "The State Law and Order Restoration Council is therefore pleased to announce that the relations between the two countries will continue to be enhanced, without interruption, based on the five principles of peaceful co-existence. "The government and people of Myanmar look forward to further promoting the existing ties with the government of the Russian Federation and the Russian people as well." (WPD 1/1) New Thai Ambassador to Myanmar Jan. 13: Myanmar has approved the nomination of Mr. Virasakdi Futrakul as new Thai Ambassador to Myanmar. Ambassador Futrakul was born Dec. 23, 1951 and obtained a Master's in International Affairs from the University of Virginia. He joined the Foreign Service in 1974 and has served in Manila, New York, and Washington. At present he is Assistant Permanent Secretary in the Office of the Permanent Secretary of the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (WPD 1/13) Myanmar Envoy to New Zealand Jan. 14: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung has named Ambassador U Saw Tun, Myanmar Ambassador to Australia, to serve concurrently as Myanmar Ambassador to New Zealand. (WPD 1/14) Myanmar Environmental Policy Jan. 12: Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw met with heads of Diplomatic missions and UN agencies in Yangon, at Hlawga [game] park, to explain Myanmar's "efforts to protect and conserve the environment." Director of Forests U Thein Lwin reviewed Myanmar's 130-year old timber conservation policies, and said that Myanmar also protects wildlife, citing the Alaungdaw Kassapha Wild Life Park as evidence. The diplomats were shown exhibits. In February 1990 a 21-member National Commission for Environmental Affairs was formed, with Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw as Chairman. Four subcommittees have been formed for: Conservation of Natural Resources; Control of Pollution; Research, Education and Information; and International Co-operation. The Commission is preparing for the UN Conference on Environmental and Development [sic] in Brazil in July 1992. (WPD 1/13) Statement on Bangladesh Jan. 16: Foreign Ministry Press Release [text]: "In recent days some foreign newspapers have published exaggerated reports about tensions rising between Myanmar and Bangladesh due to the situation in the border area between the two countries, while some broadcasting stations have transmitted inaccurate news quoted sources of information which could not be easily substantiated. "Unsubstantiated news reports and broadcasts which were made to the effect that tension between the two countries became more apparent especially after the visit of the Bangladesh Foreign Minister to Myanmar in November 1991 are attempts aimed at driving a wedge and creating misunderstanding between the two countries. Such acts tend to give the impression that instability persists in the region. "In its relations with the neighbouring countries, the Union of Myanmar consistently pursues the Five Principles of Co-existence based on equality and mutual benefit. It does not have any problem of magnitude with any of its neighbours. Should issues unavoidably arise between states, Myanmar Naing-Ngan has always solved in the spirit of good neighbourliness. "Additionally, it holds the view that it is a matter for the two states concerned to find ways and means to resolve such issues. "From the time of independence, the Union of Myanmar has always been able to resolve through its own resources the issue of insurgencies and suppress the endeavours of certain countries which are encouraging them. At the present time, the Government of the Union of Myanmar is systematically eradicating the various groups of insurgents in order to bring about peace, tranquillity and development of the country. Moreover, several misguided groups of national races have been welcomed back to legal fold and are now participating within the frame-work of border areas and national races development programmes in order to raise the level of the living standards by using our own internal resources. "Since the government was able to definitively obstruct the activities of some unscrupulous elements with anarchic tendencies in September 1988, certain groups that have sought refuge with insurgent terrorists have been waiting for opportunity to take advantage politically through attempts aimed at destroying the unity of the country with outside assistance. It can be found that these elements, on the advice of the Kayin insurgent terrorists, tried to appear as though they possess considerable strength and are engaged in destructive activities in the "Western" part of the country. Because of the activities of these elements, there were a number of incidents along Myanmar-Bangladesh border during December 1991. Even before this period, because of their uncertain status, some people fearful of facing the routine immigration checks which were being conducted nationwide, fled the area. This event was picked up by some newspapers and broadcasting stations and presented in an exaggerated manner to the world as though a serious problem existed. "The Union of Myanmar, based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, which it has consistently practised, will continue to build mutually beneficial relationship with each and every neighbour." (WPD 1/17) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops Jan. 9: A 10-day Workshop on curriculum development for skills-based literacy for women and girls opened under joint Education Ministry and UNESCO sponsorship. UNESCO Advisor Dr. Usa Duangsaa spoke. (WPD 1/10) Jan. 13: A 5-day workshop on Trade Facilitation began under joint ESCAP, UNCTAD, Customs Co-operation Council (CCC), and Ministry of Trade sponsorship. Director-General U Maung Maung Kyaw of the Trade Department said "the subject chosen... is to remove unnecessary or redundant steps in the export and import procedures in facilitation of trade." (WPD 1/14) Jan. 20: A three-day Symposium on Myanmar Energy Sector Investment and Policy Review Study opened at the Department of Medical Research under Ministry of Energy, UNDP, and World Bank sponsorship. Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin said 10 foreign international oil companies were participating in oil and gas operations, and that "more participation by private foreign countries is expected in the near future." Other speakers included interim UNDP Resident Representative Mr. Rohinton Setna and World Bank team leader Mr. Anil K. Mahotra. (WPD 1/21) Jan. 21: A National Seminar on the Convention of the Rights of the Child was opened by Attorney General U Tha Tun. Present were government officials, foreign diplomats, and representatives of UNDP and UNICEF. Eleven papers will be presented at the Seminar, which will last four days. (WPD 1/22) // Jan. 25: A debriefing on the Seminar was held at UNICEF House for UN representatives and the press, conducted by five of the seven resource people: Dr. Daniel O'Donnell (Geneva), Dr. Maria Becker (Brazil), Dr. Jo Boyden (Britain), Dr. Ngo Ba Thanh (Vietnam), and Dr. Purificacion Quisumbing (UNICEF, Bangkok). (WPD 1/26) Jan. 21: A Workshop on Teacher Education via Distance Education, under the project for upgrading the Teacher Training College and Teacher Training School opened, jointly sponsored by the Basic Education Department, UNESCO, and UNDP. It wilal last until Feb. 8. (WPD 1/22) Foreign Donations Including donations by Joint Ventures, etc. Jan. 1: Mr. Koki Onodera, President of MCG Corporation, presented Yen 100,000 to the Yangon Children's Hospital. (WPD 1/2) Jan. 6: Sayadaws from Laos and Cambodia donated K360,000 which they received while visiting Myanmar; K200,000 will go to support sangha members from Laos and Cambodia studying in Myanmar, and the remaining K160,000 to the State Pariyatti Sasana Tekkatho (Yangon), State Pariyatti Sasana Tekkatho (Mandalay), Jivita Dana Sangha Hospital (Bahann Twp., Yangon), and the Kaba Aye Hill Sangha Hospital. (WPD 1/7) Jan. 15: Japanese war veterans on pilgrimage to Myanmar, headed by Mr. Kotoro Honda and Mr. Masao Ishiyaki, donated K39,000 of medicines to the Red Cross. (WPD 1/16) Jan. 17: Foreign and local donations to the 1992 National Sports Festival total over K3 million. The Festival will cost over K30 million. Received Jan. 16 were K1.6 million, including K490,000 from apparently foreign sources [specified] (WPD 1/ 17) Jan. 23: Donations to the 1992 National Sports Festival total some K5,562,900. Recent donations included K480,000 from apparently foreign sources [specified]. (WPD 1/24) Jan. 24: The Kolin Electronic Co. of Japan donated equipment worth Yen 1.9 million to the Mingaladon Defence Services General Hospital. (WPD 1/25) Jan. 29: The Myanmar Naing-Ngan Chinese Social Welfare Committee donated US$50,000 for Ayeyarwady flood relief. (WPD 1/30) Foreign Sayadaw Honored Jan. 2: On Dec. 21, Myanmar Ambassador to Nepal U Hla Myint Oo presented the Agga Maha Pandita title to Sayadaw Bhaddanta Pannananda of the Sirisakkyasiha Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal. (WPD 1/3) FOREIGN VISITORS Business Visitors Jan. 8: Vice-Chairman Mr. Zhao Mingqi of the China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss CATIC aircraft, and extension of air service with China. (WPD 1/9) Jan. 22: International Relations Coordinator Mr. Sam Liu of Asiasat Co., of Hong Kong, called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss use by Myanmar of the China/Hong Kong Asiasat I communications satellite, the extension of TV service, and joint construction of a satellite communications reserve station. (WPD 1/23) Jan. 30: President Mr. Jae-Phil Suh of the Daewoo Corporation of Korea called on Minister for Transport, for Social Welfare, and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss Daewoo-produced buses. (WPD 1/31) Academic and Non-Profit Visitors Jan. 3: Professor Y. Hamashima of Tokyo Women's University and Prof. K. Nakene of Nagasaki University called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 1/4) Jan. 10: Mr. Oliver Foot, Chairman of the Orbis Project, called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein to discuss "Orbis plans for eye treatment in Myanmar...." (WPD 1/11) Jan. 15: A Thai medical delegation headed by Dr. Teera Ramasoota called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein; it will attend the 38th Conference of the Myanmar Medical Association. (WPD 1/16) International Agency Visitors Jan. 23: UNESCO Education Consultant Mr. David J. Laird and Chief Technical Adviser Dr. Rupert Maclean called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. They are here to give advice to the Workshop on Distance Education in Teacher Education. (WPD 1/24) Chinese Delegations Dec. 21: The Chinese Writers Delegation visited Hlawga Park and the the Buddha Pitakataik in Yangon. (WPD 12/23) Jan. 1: The Chinese National Archives Bureau delegation led by Mr. Liu Guoneng departed. (WPD 1/2) Korean Delegation Jan. 2: A delegation led by Mr. Nam Soo Lee, Director of West Asian Regional Affairs at the Korean Foreign Ministry, called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss economic and trade ties. (WPD 1/3) Mauritius Minister Jan. 13: A two-member delegation headed by Mauritius Minister of Trade and Shipping Mr. Anil Kumar Baichoo arrived. (WPD 1/14) // Jan. 15: The delegation left. (WPD 1/16) Japanese Parliamentarian Jan. 16: Mr. Issei Inoue, a Social Democratic Party member of the Japanese Diet, visited Myanmar Jan. 13-16. On Jan. 14 he called on Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw, and "put forward ideas for the improvement of Myanmar-Japan bilateral ties. The Japanese guest was informed that Myanmar has always been cultivating particular attention to the promotion of traditional friendly relations between the two countries, that while the Myanmar side highly appreciated his kind sentiments, it for the time being has no plans to act on his suggestions." Also on Jan. 14, he called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe; and on the Election Commission, and visited Yangon sites. On Jan. 15 he called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel, and visited Dagon New Town and the Bogyoke Market. On Jan. 16 he visited pagodas in Bago. He was accompanied by his assistant Mr. Yoshirio Sato and his personal doctor Akio Baba. He left Yangon Jan. 16. (WPD 1/17) Singapore Parliamentarian Jan. 16: Mr. Bernard Chen, Singapore Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee for Defence and Foreign Affairs, called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (WPD 1/17) Thai Military Delegation Jan. 23: A Thai delegation led by Lt-Gen. Anan Bamrungphruk of the Royal Thai National Defence College called on Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services Gen. Than Shwe. (WPD 1/24) Papal Representative Jan. 25: The Pope's personal representative, Roger Cardinal Etchegaray, Chairman of the Pontifical Council of Justice and Peace, accompanied by his secretary Monsignor Diarmuid Martin, arrived and were greeted by Archbishop Gabriel of Yangon and Archbishop U A Than Aung of Mandalay. He will remain until Jan. 29, and will lay the foundation stone of the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul at Nanthhagone, Insein. (WPD 1/26) // Jan. 27: He offered Holy Mass at St. Mary's Cathedral, and donated K200,000 for Ayeyarwady flood relief. He also called on Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint, and on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 1/28) // Jan. 28: He called on Minister for Foreign Affairs U Ohn Gyaw, and visited the Shwedagon Pagoda and the Home for the Aged. (WPD 1/29) // Jan. 29: He left. (WPD 1/30) Russian Youths Novitiated Jan. 28: Four Russian youths were initiated into the Buddhist religious order at the Department for Promotion and Propagation of the Sangha. They hare: Gombev Zorigto Nimaevich (21), Boudajapov Bator Bairovich (18), Dordjiev Evgieni Alikovich (16), and Dondokov Erdem Dugar-Tsyrenovich (15). "Nine Russian youths--the present four and the five who were initiated into the Order on 5 December, 1991--are studying the Pariyatti and Patipatti scriptures of the Theravada Buddhism at the State Pariyatti Sasana Tekkatho (Yangon)." (WPD 1/29) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations Jan. 11: Deputy Supervisor U Nyan Lin and Assistant Supervisor Daw Myint Myint Kyu of the Myanma Farms Enterprise left for Egypt to study Poultry Production and Vegetable Production, respectively, for 2 1/2 months. (WPD 1/12) Jan. 13: Chief Editor U Soe Myint of the Loktha Pyihtu Nezin newspaper, and Deputy Director (Admin) U Hla Kyin of the News and Periodicals Enterprise left for Singapore to study computerized printing for two weeks, at the invitation of Myanma Computer Co. Ltd. (WPD 1/14) Jan. 16: Five officials from the Customs Department left Jan. 3 for Los Angeles, USA, to attend a course on customs and excise tax administration at the Institute for Tax Administration, under the UNDP Tariff Policy and Customs Administration policy. They are: U Chit Khaing, U Aye Lwin, U Win Shwe 2, U Ti Cin Lian Hang, and U P Sein Tin. (WPD 1/17) Jan. 18: A three-member delegation left for Bangladesh to attend the fifth workshop on Improving Cyclone Warning Response and Mitigation from Jan. 19-30, sponsored by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre and the EEC. They are Deputy Director U Thet Tin of the Irrigation Department, Staff Officer U Maung Maung Khin of the Relief and Resettlement Department, and Staff Officer U San Hla Maung of the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. (WPD 1/19) Delegations to Meetings Jan. 26: Staff Officer (Stage Play) U Shan Tun of the Production Division of the Department of Fine Arts returned from the Jan. 20-24 14th Seminar of Traditional Music Experts of the Asia and Pacific Region in New Delhi. (WPD 1/27) Delegation to Yunnan Jan. 22: A 10-member goodwill delegation led by Managing Director U Winn Kyi of Myanma Export and Import Services left for Yunnan at the invitation of the Yunnan Province Government. Other members are: Managing Director U Tint Wai Aye of the Inspection and Agency Services; Director U Tun Ngwe of the Foreign Ministry; Secretary Lt-Col. Aung Ba Yu of the Shan State (North) LORC; Secretary Maj. Win Naing of the Kachin State LORC; Secretary Maj. Ye Bo of the Shan State (East) LORC; Director U Khin Maung Si of the Immigration and Manpower Department; Superintendent Geologist U Tint Zaw of the Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Department; Assistant Director U Tun Aung Kyaw of the Work Committee for Development of Border Areas and National Races; and Branch Head U San Lwin of the Foreign Ministry. (WPD 1/23) Workers to Singapore Jan. 3: A delegation led by Director General Col. Maung Maung Ohn of the Central Inland Freight Handling Committee Office left for Singapore, at the invitation of Job Centre Pte Ltd. of Singapore, "to study from 3 to 10 January possibilities for employment of Myanmar workers in Singapore." (WPD 1/4) MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments The SLORC made the following appointments, on probation: Jan. 1: U Ye Myint, Vice-Principal, to be Principal, Telecommunications and Postal Training Centre, Ministry of Transport & Communications. U Ye Myint, Deputy Director-General, to be Director-General, Forest Department, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests. (WPD 1/2) Jan. 22: Col. Maung Hti (BC/8669), Deputy Commander, Southern Command, Ministry of Defence, to be Director-General, Co-operative Department, Ministry of Co-operatives. Col. Sein Hmat (BC/10303), Commander of Tactical Operation Command, No. 22 Light Infantry Division, to be Managing Director, Myanma Fisheries Enterprise, Ministry of Livestock Breeding & Fisheries. Col. Aung Myint (BC/8909), Deputy Commander, North-East Command, Ministry of Defence, to be Managing Director, Construction and Electrical Stores Trading, Ministry of Trade. (WPD 1/23) Appointments Confirmed The SLORC confirmed the following appointments, after one year's probation: Jan. 22: U San Thein as Police Director-General, People's Police Force, Ministry of Home & Religious Affairs. U Tha Nyein as Director-General, Settlements and Land Records Department, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests. U Tin Maung as Director-General, Pensions Department, Ministry of Planning & Finance. (WPD 1/23) Transfers The SLORC has transferred and appointed the following: Jan. 22: U Maung Maung Than, Rector of the Yangon Institute of Technology, to be Director-General, Higher Education Department, Ministry of Education. (WPD 1/23) GOVERNMENT Independence Day Message Jan. 4: The following is the text of State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung 44th Independence Day message: "I cordially and respectfully greet the people of all the national races on this auspicious day, the Fourth of January, 1992, the 44th Anniversary of the regaining of the Independence of the Union of Myanmar. "Our Union of Myanmar had stood tall as a sovereign nation amidst the nations of the world for thousands of years and the avaricious British imperialists waged three aggressive wars on Myanmar Naing-Ngan in the 19th century and turned our nation into a colony of theirs and plunged it into servitude. "The people of all the national races, with a high sense of patriotism, fought with whatever weapons they laid their hands on, against the British imperialists' aggression, capture and enslavement of our nation. The patriots from among the various national races such as the Kachins, the Kayahs, the Kayins, the Chins, the Bamars, the Mons, the Rakhines and the Shans who had taken part in the anti-imperialist and national liberation struggles must be put on record as patriotic heroes in the annals of our history so that their names would last till the world lasts. "Just as these patriotic heroes had struggled to regain the independence of the nation, so also there have been millions of service personnel and people including the members of the Tatmadaw, the offspring of the people of the national races, who have fought, with many sacrificing their lives, in the struggles waged and the battles fought in defence of the independence of the nation since our attainment of independence so that it would not be lost again. "Just as the respective national races of our land have made sacrifices shedding their blood and sweat in the struggles for independence and in the endeavour to defend and safeguard the independence thus gained, so also the duty of defending and safeguarding the independence of the nation must be handed down to our descendants both at present and in future. "When we objectively review and analyze the international situations that have taken place during the latter part of the 20th century and at present, we find, to our sorrow, that some nations were invaded and that the internal affairs of some nations have become complicated leading to disintegration of unity and solidarity and to internal fighting as a result of a powerful nation's interfering in the internal affairs of those nations. "In this world the nations big and small that have their own customs, differing historical traditions and differing religious and political foundations respectively have their own specific characteristics. Even though they are nations that have had different social lives and different historical traditions, they are to peacefully co-exist with a view to ensuring the prevalence of world peace. Under these circumstances there have been one-sided activities undertaken and attempts made by powerful nations to shape the world's events to their benefit and liking and as such it will be necessary for the members of the family of nations not to accept such manipulations, domination and interference of the powerful nations and to prevent them from doing so. "Just as our Myanmar Naing-Ngan will persistently, seriously and solemnly pursue the independent and active foreign policy which it has declared to the whole world, so also it will respectfully observe and adhere to the principles of the Charter prescribed by the United Nations. "On this earth the imperialists and the colonialists have not yet given up their evil habits and evil practices and they are still trying to dominate and influence the small nations by practicing neo-colonialist methods and by employing new tactics and tricks. "Although the imperialists had had to give up our nation because of the circumstances which they were unable to alter, they instigated some of the national races with their evil intent of bringing back our nation under their domination or of causing disintegration of Myanmar Naing-Ngan if they could not do so just like the saying `throwing sand onto the meat which one is not allowed to eat' and as a result of this there arose suspicions and hatred among the national races of our nation leading to contradictions and clashes. The imperialists' glaring and blatant attempt to give rise to all sorts of problems and contradictions and to deteriorate and then to disintegrate Myanmar Naing-Ngan, just as the saying `the more critical the conditions of the patient, the more satisfied the medical practitioner is for asking for more consulting fee' goes, was especially more clearly seen in the disturbances of 1988. "Therefore, we must, by building up and cementing the solidarity of all the national races taking special care to distinguish friends from enemies who pretend to be friends, always take care never to lose the independence for the attainment of which a lot of lives were sacrificed and never to let our nation be plunged back into servitude and at the same time we must give top priority to ensuring strengthening and consolidation of the strength within the country. "Adhering to this concept, the State Law and Order Restoration Council will carry out, with might and main and together with the people, the national defence work and construction activities such as (a) the Three National Causes--non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national sovereignty and ensuring perpetuity of national sovereignty; (b) the tasks of ensuring prevalence of the rule of law and peace and tranquillity, of ensuring safe and smooth transportation and of easing the food, clothing and shelter problems of the people; and (c) giving attention to and safeguarding the tasks of carrying out various activities for the development of all the national races. "Correctly studying, reviewing and assessing the changing international situation as well as the internal situation, we must, on the 44th Anniversary of the Independence Day, cultivate and enhance our own patriotism with a view to ensuring perpetuity of the State and the wellbeing of the people. Moreover, we must always be striving to keep in our minds alive and dynamic a sense of ardent nationalism which opposes imperialists, neo-imperialists and their minions and their lackeys. "Therefore, I emphatically urge all the people of the national races to implement, with undaunted will, unyielding spirit, zeal and strength, the National Objectives for the 44th Anniversary of the Independence Day: (1) for all the citizens to join hands with one another for ensuring the perpetuity of national independence and sovereignty; (2) for keeping alive and dynamic the love for independence, nationalism and nationalist fervour; (3) for all the citizens to join hands with the Tatmadaw and work in unity for bringing about development of national economy; and (4) for keeping patriotism alive and dynamic. "Sd. Saw Maung Senior General Chairman, State Law and Order Restoration Council." (WPD 1/4) Independence Day Ceremonies Jan. 4: The State Flag was hoisted in the early morning, with State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's message read by Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt. In the evening, Senior General and Madame Saw Maung hosted the traditional dinner and entertainment for high Myanmar officials, diplomats, military attaches, and UN agencies A Cartoon Exhibition on "keeping patriotism alive" was inaugurated by State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. There were festivities and sports events around the country. (WPD 1/5) [Photos of Jan. 4 dinner show representatives of China, Republic of Korea, France, Indonesia, FAO, Japan, UNDP, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Thailand, Israel, Nepal, shaking hands with Senior General Saw Maung. (WPD 1/5-10). Independence Day Honours Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 2/ 92 presents religious titles as follows [recipients named]: Agga Maha Pandita Title: 10 recipients (including Bhaddanta Kheminda, World Peace Pagoda Monastery, Kita-Kyushu, Fukuoka, Japan). Aggamahaganthavasakapandita Title (First Grade Lecturer-Sayadaw): 35 Sayadaws and 42 nuns. Mahaganthavacakapandita Title (Second Grade...): 79 Sayadaws and 4 nuns. Culaganthavacakapandita Title (Third Grade...): 24 Sayadaws. Aggamahakammathanacariya Title (Meditation Instructor-First Grade): 2 Sayadaws. Mahakammathanacariya Title (... Second Grade): 9 Sayadaws. Culakammathanacariya Title (... Third Grade): 2 Sayadaws. Aggamahasaddhammajotikadhaja Title (Buddhist Missionary Sayadaw-First Grade): 2 Sayadaws. Mahasaddhammajotikadhaja Title (...Second Grade): 3 Sayadaws. Saddhammajotikadhaja Title (... Third Grade): 9 Sayadaws and 2 laymen. Aggamahasirisudhammamanijotadhara Title (Sasana Supporter-Higher Grade): 1 man-devotee. Sihasudhammasingi Title (...Second Grade): 3 women-devotees. Sudhammamanijotadhara and Suddhammasingi Titles (...Third Grade): 1 man-devotee; 2 women-devotees. Total: 195 titles. (WPD 1/4-7) Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 3/ 92 presents titles and medals of commendation as follows [all named]: Tagun Title: 1 recipient. Pyidaungsu Zarni Title: 2 recipients. Thura Title: 1 recipient. Gallantry Medal: 33 recipients. Medal for Excellent Performance in Industrial Field of the Economy (Second Class): 2 recipients. Medal...Industrial (Third Class): 5 recipients. Medal for Excellent Performance in Administrative Field (First Class): 5 recipients. Medal...Administrative (Second Class): 11 recipients. Medal...Administrative (Third Class): 13 recipients. Ye Thiha Medal: 18 recipients. Ye Thura Medal: 6 recipients. Ye Bala Medal: 3 recipients. Ye Thurein Medal: 12 recipients. Ye Kyaw Thu Medal: 20 recipients. (WPD 1/4-5) Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 4/ 92 presents the Military Good Service Medal to 232 retired military and 2,747 in-service military. (WPD 1/4) Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 5/ 92 presents the Good Public Service Medal to 232 retired and 2,747 in-service personnel. (WPD 1/4) Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 6/ 92 presents the Good Peoples Police Force Service Medal to 3 retired and 95 in-service personnel. (WPD 1/4) Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 7/ 92 presents the Peoples Police Force Service Medal to 20 retired and 1,085 in-service personnel. (WPD 1/ 4) Jan. 4: SLORC Notification No. 7/ 92 presents the Public Service Medal to 596 retired and 7,047 in-service personnel, and the Law and Order and Rule of Law Medal to 615 retired and 11,686 in-service personnel. (WPD 1/ 4) Congratulatory Messages Jan. 4: Messages of congratulation were received [with texts] on the 44th Anniversary of Independence Day from: Heads of State: China; Bangladesh; Republic of Korea; Pakistan; Singapore; India; Australia; United States ["On behalf of all Americans, I extend best wishes and congratulations to the people of Myanmar..."]; Canada. (WPD 1/4) \\ Russian Federation; Laos; Indonesia; Brunei; Shri Lanka; Vietnam; Malaysia; Mexico; Israel; Algeria; Nigeria; Seychelles; United Kingdom; Germany Netherlands (WPD 1/5). \\ Iraq. (WPD 1/6) \\ Italy. (WPD 1/7) \\ Thailand; Nepal; Japan; Mongolia. (WPD 1/8) \\ Romania; Bulgaria; Hungary; United Arab Emirates; Kuwait. (WPD 1/9) \\ Cuba (WPD 1/10) \\ Philippines. (WPD 1/11) \\ France. (WPD 1/14) Vice Presidents: Yugoslavia; Indonesia. (WPD 1/5) Prime Ministers: China; Bangladesh; Pakistan; Singapore; Malaysia; Japan. (WPD 1/5) \\ United Arab Emirates. (WPD 1/9) Foreign Ministers: Japan; Laos; Czechoslovakia; Romania; Indonesia; Singapore; Vietnam; Malaysia; Mexico; Cuba. (WPD 1/5) \\ Bulgaria. (WPD 1/7) \\ New Zealand. (WPD 1/16) International Agencies: FAO. (WPD 1/5) \\ UN Secretary General. (WPD 1/10) Jan. 4: Messages were received from the following heads of diplomatic missions [photographs only]: Pakistan; Indonesia; Sri Lanka; Yugoslavia; Bangladesh; Philippines; Republic of Korea; Russian Federation; Vietnam; China; Laos; Egypt; Czechoslovakia (Charge); Nepal (Charge); Thailand (Charge); UNDP (Resident Representative); Malaysia (no photo); Japan [no photo]; Singapore [no photo]; Nigeria [no photo]. (WPD 1/4) Gen. Saw Maung in Upper Myanmar State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung, accompanied by his wife and family, toured Mandalay Division, Sagaing, and Kachin State (Myitkyina, Mohnyin, Mogaung, Bhamo Twps.) from January 8-18. Much of the time was spent in visits to religious ceremonies, sites, and monasteries. (WPD 1/9-19). Jan. 16: Editorial: A man of the people. ["If there is anything that the current tour of the Head of State...is serving to demonstrate, it is that he is well and truly a man of the people. This is demonstratively evident from the way in which ordinary, common, decent, law-abiding people have been turning out spontaneously by the thousands just to get a glimpse of him as he goes by. This is evident from the smiles of welcome and joy which can be seen on the faces of those who have been lucky enough to be close by as he and his family went about their way. `Did you see him? That's Senior General Saw Maung! That's the Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council!' `He smiled at us and waved out to us!' `That's nothing! He actually stopped and spoke to my Aunt and her friends! They say that he spoke on the importance of never forgetting the Three Gems...Hpaya, Taya and the Sangha!' And it is equally evident from the scenes which have already been shown on TV Myanmar that the Head of State...has not hesitated to go among the people, to meet them, to talk to them, to engage in repartees and to laugh with them."] SLORC Expanded Jan. 29: [SLORC] Order No. 3/92 of January 29 adds three new Members to the State Law and Order Restoration Council: 1. Maj-Gen. Maung Hla; 2. Maj-Gen. Kyaw Min; 3. Maj-Gen. Soe Myint. (WPD 1/30) Ministries Re-Organized Jan. 29: [SLORC] Notification No. 19/92 of January 29, Re-organization of Ministries, states [text]: The State Law and Order Restoration Council, to more effectively conduct the nation's economy, construction, development and transport & communications activities, has reorganized the Ministry of Transport & Communications as follows: (1) Ministry of Transport, (2) Ministry of Rail Transportation, (3) Ministry of Communications, Posts & Telegraphs. Sd. Khin Nyunt Major-General, Secretary-1 State Law and Order Restoration Council. (WPD 1/30) New Cabinet Named Jan. 29: [SLORC] Declaration No. 1/92 of January 29, Reconstitution of Cabinet reads [text]: The State Law and Order Restoration Council, after holding successfully the multiparty democracy general election in a fair manner, has in view the objectives of holding a National Convention and framing a firm Constitution for the emergence of a new Democratic State. Accordingly, it is hereby announced the reconstitution of the cabinet with the following persons to take charge of the Ministries shown against each to more effectively and successfully carry out activities concerning economy, construction, development and transport and communications. (1) Prime Minister: Senior General Saw Maung--Ministry of Defence (2) Minister: Vice-Admiral Maung Maung Khin--Ministry of Mines (3) Minister: Lt-Gen Tin Tun--Ministry of Transport; Ministry of Social Welfare; Ministry of Labour (4) Minister: Lt-Gen Phone Myint ÄÄMinistry of Home & Religious Affairs; Ministry of Culture (5) Minister: Lt-Gen Aung Ye Kyaw ÄÄMinistry of Co-operatives (6) Minister: Lt-Gen Sein Aung--Ministry of Industry-1 (7) Minister: Lt-Gen Chit Swe-- Ministry of Agriculture & Forests (8) Minister: Brig-Gen Abel--Ministry of Planning & Finance; Ministry of Trade (9) Minister: Col. Pe Thein--Ministry of Health; Ministry of Education (10) Minister: U Ohn Gyaw--Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11) Minister: Brig-Gen Myo Thant ÄÄMinistry of Information (12) Minister: Brig-Gen Maung Maung--Ministry of Livestock Breeding & Fisheries (13) Minister: U Khin Maung Thein ÄÄMinistry of Energy (14) Minister: U Win Sein--Ministry of Rail Transportation (15) Minister: U Than Shwe--Ministry of Industry-2 (16) U Khin Maung Win--Ministry of Construction (17) U Soe Tha--Ministry of Communications, Posts & Telegraphs. Sd/ Saw Maung Senior General, Chairman, State Law and Order Restoration Council (WPD 1/30) Jan. 29: [SLORC] Notification No. 11/92 of January 29, Appointment of Deputy Ministers, names the following: (1) U Hlaing Win-Ministry of Mines (2) U Myint Thein-Ministry of Mines (3) U San Wai-Ministry of Transport (4) Lt-Col Than Nyunt-Ministry of Home & Religious Affairs (5) U Than Aung-Ministry of Co-operatives (6) Brig-Gen Win Tin-Ministry of Planning and Finance (7) U Win Naing-Ministry of Trade (8) Col Than Zin-Ministry of Health (9) Col Kyi Maung-Ministry of Education (10) U Soe Nyunt-Ministry of Information (11) U Tin Tun-Ministry of Energy. Sd. Khin Nyunt Major-General, Secretary-1 State Law and Order Restoration Council. (WPD 1/30) MILITARY Tatmadaw Military Actions Dec. 21: The Tatmadaw on Dec. 19 captured the KNU Nat-ein-taung Camp and the Yahanpyo Thamagga headed by company commander Hla Chaw of the No. 6 Co., KNU No. 10 Battalion. The attack began Dec. 11 along the Kanbauk, Kaleinaung route. Seized were 24 huts with iron roofs. There were three major engagements and one skirmish. Nine KNU terrorists were killed, and 10 weapons captured, along with ammunition and explosives [details]. There were no Tatmadaw casualties. [map] (WPD 12/22) Jan. 12: The Tatmadaw (66 L.I.D.) attacked the KNU No. 20 Battalion between Jan. 4-11, capturing Htonyokyo Hillock (Jan. 5), Point 2767 Hillock (Jan. 7), Point 2507 Hillock (Jan. 9), three KNU temporary camps near Nobu Village and Phawdido Hillock (Jan. 10-11), and the entire Bwado region. Mopping up operations were carried out Jan. 5 in the Panhaik region in the southern section of Papun, and the entire Panhaik region was captured after 3 attacks on Jan. 11. The offensive involved 2 major battles and 8 skirmishes. Three KNU terrorists were killed, and 10 mines and 45 huts seized. Tatmadaw losses were 5 wounded. [map] (WPD 1/13) Jan. 13: Northern Command troops from Dec. 27-Jan. 4 captured the KIA Tanaiyang camp (Dec. 30), Singnan camp (Jan. 1), and Janbidak camp (Jan. 4), capturing the entire region. There were 3 major battles and 9 skirmishes. Five KIA terrorists were killed, and the Tatmadaw captured 2 KIA and seized 2 weapons and communications gear, as well as 158 huts, one video hall and one lecture hall. Tatmadaw losses were 2 killed and 9 wounded. [map] (WPD 1/14) Insurgent Attacks Jan. 6: A KNU mine on Dec. 31 killed 4 and wounded 2 on a bus between Hwe Shan village and Mepale village, Myawady Twp. [Kayin]. (WPD 1/7) Jan. 18: Four persons in Thaton [Mon], aged from 13-70, were injured by KNU mortar fire. Eight 60-mm mortar shells were fired into Thaton from the west between 12.05 and 12.10 am. (WPD 1/19) Insurgents Surrender Jan. 20: Between Dec. 1-21, 14 terrorists surrendered with their arms [names and details]. (WPD 1/21) Jan. 23: Between Dec. 22-29, 14 terrorists surrendered with their arms [names and details], bringing the month's total to 28. (WPD 1/23) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Jan. 1-4,7-8,10-11,14,16,21,23-24, 28-31: The Regions of our Brethren: Where the State Law and Order Restoration Council's Goodwill Blossoms Forth, by Ngwe Kalaung. [Cont. Development in Wa and Kokang regions.] Jan. 7(4p),13(4p),20(4p),27(4p): The Records of the Construction of Roads and Bridges during the time of the State Law and Order Restoration Council, by Mya Kalaung. [Cont. Record of recent projects.] Construction Projects Jan. 1: A [roller] skating rink was inaugurated at Bogyoke Aung San Park. Roller-skates and board-skates can be rented. [photo of curved skating ramp] (WPD 1/2) Jan. 3: A sports stadium was inaugurated at Dalla [Yangon]. Costing K2.6 million, it is 860' x 670'. A K1 million gymnasium will also be built. (WPD 1/4) Jan. 4: The new Kyaikkalei Overbridge on Pyay Road, Mingaladon Twp. [Yangon], was inaugurated. Constructed by Myanma Railways, it is 167' long, 41' wide, and cost K20.3 million. \\ Water supply for No. 44 Ward, Dagon Myothit (North) [Yangon] was inaugurated. There are five 12,000 gallon water tanks and 122 common water-taps, and it cost K5.5 million. (WPD 1/5) Jan. 6: A new road, market annexe, and town clock were inaugurated Jan. 4 in Taunggyi [Shan]. (WPD 1/7) Jan. 10: An extension to the Tatmadaw Furniture and Parquet Extension Factory (Mingaladon) was inaugurated. It cost K15.6 million. (WPD 1/11) Jan. 11: A new platform was inaugurated at Yedashe railway station on Jan. 4. It cost K600,000. Jan. 14: A new bridge across the Sittaung River was inaugurated Jan. 9. It is 15' wide and 350' long. 100 cart-loads of sugar cane awaited the opening to get to the sugar purchase depot on the west side. (WPD 1/16) Jan. 18: The expansion of the Thamain Barann Road and Upper Pazundaung Road [Yangon] was inaugurated by State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo. The six-lane road links Tarmway, Mingala Taungnyunt, and Pazundaung Townships. (WPD 1/19) Jan. 21: The new Thazi-Thapyewa [Mandalay] road was inaugurated Jan. 18. (WPD 1/22) Jan. 24: The 16-bed Monyo [Bago] hospital was inaugurated Jan. 5; it cost K2.5 million. (WPD 1/25) Sales Shops, Etc. Jan. 4: The Tatmadaw Furniture Sales Shop opened in front of the Tatmadaw Furniture Factory (Mingaladon). Goods will be sold "at reasonable prices." (WPD 1/5) Jan. 16: Showroom No. 2 of the Vehicles, Machinery and Equipment Trading at Pansodan opened a showroom for articles shown by the Bangna Company of Singapore, including Video cassette players and recorders, refrigerators, and air-conditioners. "These will be sold for foreign exchange, it is learnt." The Bangna Co. donated K10,000 to the May 1992 National Sports Festival. (WPD 1/17) Jan. 18: An Ayeyarwady Division Sales Shop opened at Room No. 5, Building No. 158, Maha Bandoola Park Street, Kyauktada Twp., Yangon. It will sell rice, salt, fish paste, fish sauce, dried fish, dried prawn, etc. South-West Commander Maj-Gen. Myint Aung said "the products would be of better quality and the prices cheaper than those of private traders." (WPD 1/19) Jan. 26: The Mandalay Division Industrial Products Exhibition opened at the Mann-myo new market in Mandalay SE Township on Jan. 24. There are 145 booths, of which 45 are operated by 33 co-operatives and 100 by private entrepreneurs. "Various kinds of foodstuff, textiles, furniture, personal and household goods, machinery and equipment, vehicles and spare-parts, farm implements, work of art, lacquerware and medicines and medical equipment were displayed...." (WPD 1/27) Energy & Transport Jan. 9: During a visit to the Nawadat test well in Ngazun Twp. [Sagaing], Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin was told by Petro-Canada Myanmar Oil Company Resident Manager Mr. K. McDonald that drilling had reached 6,000 feet, that the planned depth was 16,000 feet, and that "there were good prospects." (WPD 1/10) Jan. 10: Aphyauk No. 1 test well in Taikkyi Twp., Yangon, is yielding "14.78 million cubit-feet [sic] of natural gas per day, according to the latest survey." The will, jointly drilled by Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise and Shell Oil of the Netherlands, was launched on July 10, and natural gas was found on Jan. 3, 1992 at 9,669 feet. "The initial yield per day was about 11 million cubit-feet. Surveys under way for steady yield." (WPD 1/11) Jan. 10: As previously announced, Myanma Airways inaugurated air service to Jakarta, via Singapore. Various officials joined the inaugural flight. (WPD 1/11) Jan. 20: Two 60-ton landing craft, the Yenaya-1 and Yenaya-2 were delivered to Inland Water Transport on Jan. 7, after being built at Myanma Dockyards in 45 days. Each cost over K5.2 million. (WPD 1/21) Housing Red Tape Jan. 9: State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo recommended that a single department, the Yangon City Development Committee, pass on applications for land ownership and house construction in Yangon. At present, preliminary approval must be given by the Department of Human Resettlement and Housing Development, which takes from 6 months to a year to act on requests. (WPD 1/10) Foreign Tourists Jan. 19: The cruise ship MV Aurora-I of the New Frontier Cruises Travel Agency from Britain overnighted Jan. 18 in the port of Yangon. 68 tourists were served Myanmar dishes at the Karaweik Hall and entertained with variety dances; in the morning they visted the Shwedagon Pagoda and National Museum and Department Store before the ship left for Phuket, Thailand. (WPD 1/20) Trade Workshop Jan. 20: Workshop No. 1/92 on trade matters for private entrepreneurs opened at the Ministry of Trade, with 90 participants, including 85 entrepreneurs. The workshop will end Feb. 19. (WPD 1/21) Cultivation Loan Rates Jan. 22: The Ministry of Trade has announced the rate of cultivation loans to be disbursed to farmers for fiscal 1992-93: Crop Current 1992-93 Rate (K) Rate (K) 1. Paddy a. Spec. Highyield 220 220 b. Highyield 170 170 c. Ordinary 100 100 2. Wheat 50 170 3. Maize 30 120 4. Corn 30 80 5. Groundnut 200 300 6. Sesamum 45 70 7. Sunflower 70 140 8. Mustard seed 50 80 9. Matpe 70 100 10. Butter bean 70 100 11. Pedisein 70 100 12. Suntani 70 100 13. Suntapya 70 100 14. Pesingon 70 100 15. Gram 70 100 16. Soya bean 35 100 17. Peyaza 35 100 18. Sadawbe 30 100 19. Pelun 20 100 20. Bocate 20 100 21. Pegyi 20 100 22. Pegya 20 100 23. Peyin 20 100 24. Penauk 20 100 25. Pebyulay 20 100 26. Jute 160 200 27. Sugarcane 200 300 28. Cotton a. Long staple 160 200 b. Mahlaing 60 80 c. Wagyi 60 80 d. Wagalay 30 40 29. Virginia tobacco 100 150 30. Potato 90 300 31. Onion 75 200 32. Garlic 100 500 33. Chilli 50 150 34. Myanmar tobacco 50 150 (WPD 1/23) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: YA KA CY 1987 97.01 100.98 95.43 1988 99.17 100.00 107.76 1989 96.22 100.59 102.76 1990 ll8.35 109.92 122.84 1991 91.81 83.78 96.65 1992, as of: January 30 00.00 00.00 00.00 HEALTH AIDS Jan. 2: Speaking to the Central Committee for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Chairman Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein said that "Injection should be taken only when unavoidable and the hypodermic syringe must be sterilized. Extra-marital activities must also be avoided...." (WPD 1/3) Jan. 7: An anti-AIDS poster [billboard] was erected at the Planning and Statistics Department of the Ministry of Health on Theinbyu St., Yangon. The meaning of the poster is "Stop AIDS". [photo] (WPD 1/8) Jan. 11: An anti-AIDS poster [billboard] was erected at the Myanmar Medical Association, in the presence of health and international agency officials. [photo] (WPD 1/12) Jan. 17: At a meeting of the Narcotics Drugs and AIDS Control Committee in Yangon, Chairman Police Col. Ngwe Soe Tun discussed the relationship between intravenous drug usage and AIDS. He said that in 1991, 646 out of 815 intravenous drugs users were found infected with HIV. Of 49,405 persons tested for HIV in 1991, 1,676 were HIV positive. There were 157 cases at Thayet, Nyaung-U, and Insein Prisons; 1,916 convicts and prisoners under trial were being treated for drug addiction at prisons around the country. (WPD 1/19) Medical Association Conference Jan. 16: The 38th Conference of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan Medical Association opened in Yangon. (WPD 1/17) // Jan. 17: A new Executive Committee was elected Jan. 16, as follows: President: Prof. Daw Kyu Kyu Swe Vice Presidents: Prof. U Myo Myint, Dr. Maung Maung (Mandalay) Secretary: Dr. Kyaw Myint Naing Joint Secretaries: Dr. Khin Maung Han, Dr. Htin Aung (Shaw Pyay). Treasurer: Dr. S Kyaw Hla Joint Treasuer: Dr. Khaing Soe Win Secretary (Education): Dr. Myo Thet Tun Joint Secretary (Education): Dr. Pe Thet Khin Secretary (Nutrition and Sports): Dr. Min Swe Members: Prof. U Thet Hta Wai, Dr. Kyaw Win, Prof. U Thein Aung, Brig-Gen. Kyaw Win, Prof. Daw Thein Thein Myint. (WPD 1/19) Institute of Pharmacy Opened Jan. 30: The Institute of Pharmacy of the Health Manpower Department of the Ministry of Health was inaugurated on Thaton St., Kamayut [Twp., Yangon]. Trainees will receive Degrees of B.Pharm. (Bachelor of Pharmacy) after completion of studies at the Institute. (WPD 1/31) SPORTS Myanmar Teams & Delegations Jan. 23: U Than Win, a referee recognized by the Federation of International Football Federations, left for Thailand to referee at the 23rd Thai King's Cup Football Tournament on Jan. 21-31. \\ A Myanmar chess team headed by Chess Federation Joint Secretary Dr. Aung Naing left to attend the Asian Cities Team Chess Championship for Dubai Cup and the Asian Cities Rapid Chess Team Championship in Dubai, U.A.E., Jan. 21-Feb. 7. Other members are Zaw Win Lay, Aye Lwin, Myo Naing, Dr. Aung Than Zin, and Ko Ko Ohn. (WPD 1/24) Jan. 26: A 10-member team, led by Deputy Director of the Sports and Physical Education Department U Zaw Lin, left to attend the 10th Asian Taekwando Championships in Kuala Lumpur, Jan. 28-Feb. 2. Other members are U Thein Htaik (coach), and athletes Aung Kyaw Soe, Lwan Aung, Mya Kyaing, Tin Kyaw Latt, Thit Lwin, Su Su Hline, and Naw Bway Wah. (WPD 1/27) Sports Articles Jan. 18-20,25: Myanmar athletes' performances at XVI SEA Games, by Myint Swe. [(1-4) Review of Games, and Myanmar achievements.] Traditional Sports Jan. 8: Ayeyarwady won the Traditional Myanmar Martial Arts Tournament in Yangon. (WPD 1/9) Jan. 12: The Restaurant and Beverage Enterprise team won the Myanmar Traditional Sports Federation President's Trophy Htoksitoe Competition. (WPD 1/13) Jan. 24: The President's trophy paik-kyaw-chin tournament will be held Mar. 15-22. (WPD 1/25) Holes-in-One Jan. 12: U Than Swe scored an ace Jan. 11 on the 194-yard par-three 15th hole of the Yangon Golf Course. (WPD 1/13) Jan. 18: Capt. Kyin Win (Rtd.), Branch Manager of the Restaurant and Beverage Enterprise, scored an ace at the 165-yard 7th hole of the Myaungmya Golf Course on Jan. 17, using a Spalding No. 6 club and an Altus 7 ball. (WPD 1/19) CULTURAL Literary and Cultural Articles Jan. 4: Independence Day Poems: "To Youth" by Htila Sitthu. "Independence Day" by Zawgyi. (In English and Burmese). Jan. 5,12,19,26: Foundations of Myanmar Culture: Myanmar literature and the ten major jatakas, by Hnaphet Hla. [Cont. (76-79)] Jan 5,12,19,26: Poems (in English and Burmese). [(1) "Drinking the same water in the same village" by Min Yu Wai. (1) "The Beauty of Jade Dragon Hill" by Htila Sitthu. (2) "A hillside emerald lake" by Htila Sitthu. (2) "To the hero of Bagan" by Tekkatho Maung Thu Hlaing. (3-4) "Artistic beauty of mist-covered jade Dragon Mountain and the Pine Forest of Li-chiang" by Htila Sitthu.] Jan. 5,12,19,26: Short Stories. (1-4) Cont. (15-18) "General Maha Bandula" by U Thein Maung. (1-4) Cont. (11-14) "What shall I tell Ah Nyo" by Maung Thin. (1) Cont. "Premature adults" by Pe Than. (2-3) "She for the third" by Pe Than. (4) "Based at Twantay" by Pe Than.] Jan. 5,12,19,26: Myanma classical poetry, by Htila Sitthu. [(5-8) Historical survey, with samples in Burmese.] Jan. 19: Poems on Ancient Bagan, by Zawgyi (in English and Burmese). [Cont. (30) "A father and daughter of the Bagan period."] Poems and Short Stories, Books Dec. 30: In commemoration of Sarsodaw Day, the Literary and Journalism Organization has issued Poems Magazine No. 2 and a collection of Myanmar Short Stories. The Poetry collection includes poems by "old-time poets" like Manle Sayadaw, Ledi Sayadaw, Hseebanni Sayadaw, Moung Htaung U Kyaw Hla, Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, Thado Piya, Mya Ketu and Khin Lay Maung, as well as "modern-day poets" like Zawgyi, Daung Nwe Swe, and Htila Sitthu. Also poems by Nay Thway Ni, Gon Win, Naung, Tun Nay Nwe, Tekkatho San, Lecturer Daw Myint Than, Ahpyauk-myay Maung Swe Mon, Min Ye Kyaw, Thiha Aung, Nuyin, Thein Than Tun, Ywet Wa, Danubyu Kyaw Tun, Monywa Win Pe, and Tawthagyi Lu Naung. Also articles on poetry by Hsinbyukyun Aung Thein, Dr. Maung Maung Nyo, Nwe (Sittway), and Pyinmana Maung Ni Thin. The Short Stories collection includes stories by "famous writers" Zawana, Shwe Lin Yon, U Po Kya, P Moe Nin, Banya, Thuriya Kandi, Ye Htut, Dagon Shwe Hmya, Shwe Oo Daung, Min Kyaw, Zeya, Min Shin, Tin Htwe, Maung Thein Kha, Htila Sitthu, Khin Maung Tun (Lanmadaw), Man Tin, Dr. Maung Maung Nyo, and Zin Aung. (WPD 1/1) Jan. 8: The Sarpay Beikman Book Club began distribution of "Gandawin Sarpay Sartanmyar" Vol. I., to its members for this month. It includes: "Gandawin Sarpay Huthi" by Maung Hsu Shin; "Myanmar Gandawin Kabyar" by Hitla Sitthu; and "Naing-ngan-tagar Gandawin Sartanmyar" by Tin Htwe." (WPD 1/9) Independence Day Essays & Poetry Jan. 4: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt gave out prizes in the 1992 Independence Day Essay and Poetry Competitions. At the higher education level, 1,273 students from 33 institutions entered essays and 606 students from 32 institutions entered poems. At the high school level, 36,316 students entered essays and 21,764 entered poems at 857 high schools. First, second, and third prize winners got K5,000, K3,000 and K2,000 respectively. The Secretary (1) "spoke of the need for keeping patriotism alive among the youths. He warned of falsehood spread by foreign publications and broadcasting stations and the possible danger to the country. He said the youths themselves would be able to protect their fellow youths from foreign instigations ...." (WPD 1/5) Khin Nyunt on College Re-Opening Jan. 5: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt, Chairman of the Myanmar Education Committee, met with University Rectors, professors, and department heads. He said that a small segment of youths, students, and service personnel "still have evil concepts and notions" and still "have not learnt their lessons." It is necessary to "gradually change the attitude of those whose view is not clear, who have strong personality cult, those who only think highly of foreign countries, those who are selfish and those of bad moral character." He reviewed Government statements on education. The December closure of colleges and universities was necessary even though it hurts peaceful students, because of disturbances "the causes of which were instigations by those out of a cult to a person or a party." Foreign interference was also to blame. "Do the faculty members know some diplomats entered the university campus and were engaged in subversive acts in contact with the students? Do you know that they have organized the students by giving them liquor or cigarettes? Do you know that they, at tennis or badminton courts, invite students to their receptions and organize them by giving presents?" Even if faculty did not know, they might have noticed "that the number of drunken students in the campus every evening had risen compared to previous years." He blamed faculty for having "not admonished the students for their following the wrong path. Are the faculty members themselves encouraging the students to let the problem grow? It is a point for us to ponder.... Some faculty members not only gave no help to the security personnel but also obstructed their work. Because of these obstructions we had extra work in searching for some student leaders outside who fomented trouble. We knew those who were involved in this matter." He asked "how plans should be drawn up by the faculty members for peaceful pursuit of the majority of students free from a handful of disturbance-makers. How plans should be implemented and how to deal with weaknesses when implementing practically ...." Following speeches by other officials, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt closed the meeting. "He also said the university was turned into political theatre and the students were made stooges by the political organizations. Therefore, he said all staff are to prevent recurrence of such disturbances .... All teaching staff must employ a system of guardianship over students to enable them to maintain a cordial teacher-pupil relationship." Jan. 19: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt spoke at a meeting with University Rectors and College Principals "to co-ordinate measures in making complete preparations for the reopening of the institutions as expeditiously as possible for the peaceful pursuit of education." He said that "Senior General Saw Maung felt sorry that the institutions had to be closed. He had asked me whether or not the institutions were closed after due consultations with the faculty members and in accordance with their wishes. I had replied that we had thorough consultations and had agreed that it was the solution and we did so. [He] does not want the institutions closed. That is why it is necessary for all to make concerted efforts to be able to reopen them soon.... We can never permit...a small group of students who wish to cause disturbances, personnel from outside who wish to make political capital and the groups which like to meddle in the internal affairs of the country through the foreign broadcasting stations join together and create disturbances and cause the institutions to be closed down and when the reopen, they again create disturbances...." "It was found that instigation work started at the beginning of December 1991, by writing propaganda in the toilets and on walls of the university campus. This was done by a group of youths who wanted to create disturbances. There were only about 10...and not all of them were university students.... These youths studied leftist writings and called themselves leftist group and leftist politicians and were merely imagining themselves to be so. "The students who caused unrest on the University campus were about four. Other student groups who were waiting for disturbances joined up. These were...the groups that once had tried to unlawfully form such organizations as Ba Ka Tha, Ma Ka Tha, Ya Ka Tha, and Ma Ka Tha Pha. That group was made up of about 15 persons. Another group was made up of those who, when political parties were allowed to be formed, formed a political party and who resigned from the party when the institutions of higher learning reopened...as well as those who...dissolved the political party and returned to the university.... There also incldued some who had returned from the terrorists' camps in the jungle, who attended classes without having informed the authorities concerned and who were still in contact with the ABSDF terrorist group.... "A group of about ten or so persons started the unrest but it was joined by other groups numbering a hundred or so...." "We have exposed that there were attempts to cause disturbances among the students in collaboration with the students won over by the minions of foreign organizations in the country and by certain persons from the embassies in the country. Certain diplomats were found to have entered the university campus and doing harm to boy and girl students through various means.... Certain diplomats, with ulterior motive, were engaged in instigative acts among the students to incite unrest and cause disturbances. "Prior to the closure of the institutions, there was a rise in the number of drunken students.... It is improper for the students to be drunk.... Improvements should be made...." "Measures for bringing about peaceful pursuit of education...were taken up at the meeting held on 5 January 1992. Discussions of the faculty members were found to be thorough and perfect.... Preparations are being made based on these discussions. "It has also been planned to open special refresher courses at the Central Institute of Public Services for the faculty members to enable them to implement measures more effectively. The focus of the courses is on management...man management, man control, discipline, leadership and morale.... Topics such as keeping patriotism alive and dynamic, historical trends of the freedom struggle, promotion of the Union spirit and abidance by rules, discipline and law for service personnel will also be included in the course .... Lectures are to be conducted in a form of discussions for them to have complete and clear faith and concept...." Administrative measures for the course, and lodging arrangements, were explained. In response to a question, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said that the Yangon University Correspondence Course Department "will have to compete" with the Main University, and that it will be raised to University status in the future. (WPD 1/20) Jan. 22: Addressing a Higher Education Co-ordination Meeting, Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein said: "Duties of the rectors and the principals are found to be uneven compared to their rights. So, arrangements will be made to reduce central control and give more rights to various levels. I would like to remind the rectors and principals to exercise their rights correctly as they will be vested with more rights and have more duties." (WPD 1/23) Jan. 27: Addressing Special Refresher Course No. 1 for university and college faculty members, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said [excerpts]: "Nobody can deny the fact that the Tatmadaw...firmly adheres to Truth no matter who every ignores and violates the laws of Truth...and is relentlessly defending...the interests of the people...of all the national races.... Traitors and self-seekers who rely on aliens are trying...to cause confusion, unrest and opposition to the rule of law.... The paucity of rationality of the destructive forces can be seen from the fact that they...instigated the members of the Sangha [and] as [they] did not succeed in instigating the members of the Sangha, they interfered in the peaceful pursuit by students...." "They carried out organizational and instigative work putting a person in the forefront. It will be seen that some organizations in some countries have given the person all kinds of awards and medals and have been spreading all sorts of news since the end of 1990. Then, in December 1991 they gave such a prize as the Nobel Prize to their disciple whom they had bred and brought up and foreign broadcasting stations which always broadcast skyful of falsehoods meant to instigate and cause disturbances, making clever use of such a situation. Their plans and arrangements for causing disturbances such as sticking of instigative leaflets on the campuses of the universities since about early December and an external and internal group of unscrupulous persons' plan of creating disturbances on such and such a date were formerly [sic] explained in detail and the clarifications were also broadcast and telecast...." "After the closing of the universities and colleges...it is found that -- as the teachers were weak in admonishing, organizing and winning over the students, they were unable to prevent, in advance, the dangers that would take place and -- they were unable to take the problem in control as management was weak even when the problem was taking place...." "It has now become especially necessary for them to join hands with the responsible personnel...to vehemently and rigorously resist and repulse, with ardent patriotism and a sense of nationalism, the persuasion, agitation and instigations of the cunning foreign organizations .... The teachers are not only to believe, accept and implement the Three Main National Causes but also teach and guide their students so that they become good and duty-conscious...." "It was necessary to hold a training course oriented towards having the teachers...to be imbued with the Three Main National Causes and to implement them and for management and maintenance and observance of discipline and hence the holding of the training course which begins today...." "In the future...one and all must ...protect this place [the University] from politicians who with evil intent, approach in order to interfere and to make profit and from dishonourable diplomats and rogues, rascals and scoundrels so that they will never be able to set foot on the campuses. If such individuals ever enter the campuses they should be driven out...." "Teachers...are to train [pupils] in the best discipline, make them received that which is well held by them, teach them every suitable art and science, introduce them to their friends and associates, and provide for their safety in every quarter .... If the teacher fails to prevent but pretends not to know the offence and avoids taking action, he or she is then indirectly abetting the offender.... Teachers must have at heart that they are responsible for preventing the students from making mistakes and engaging in misdeeds ...." "When the universities...were first closed, the [SLORC]...instructed that the institutions were to be re-opened if the students, teachers and the parents could bear the responsibility.... [They] have now been closed according to the wishes of the teachers because they could not keep the students under control. "Re-opening of the institutions this time will also be arranged...in accordance with the wishes of the students, teachers and parents. There should be arrangements which fully guarantee the students wishing to pursue their education peacefully.... Once such arrangements are drafted, there will be practical rehearsals according to the arrangements; there should then be the basic premise that teachers are in a position to take good charge of their duties ably and well...." "The struggle in the country today is essentially between the people who...want their country to be the master of its own destiny...and... those who wish their country to become a slavedom under the influence of aliens and who pine for their aunt over the shoulders of their mothers.... It is a struggle by patriots...who believe that our powers lie within...against those who think highly of letters from abroad and of the dubious honour bestowed upon them and get elected and yearn for outsiders, such are nothing but traitors...." "The [SLORC] will never...become the follower of any big nation or ...become flattered by them; nor will it give in to threats.... It would never accept the leadership of any person who would dance to the tune of any particular foreign country or alien influence which always opposes the Tatmadaw...." "[SLORC] Chairman Senior General Saw Maung....said: `I want to give a stern warning...that no diplomat, no foreign congressman, no foreign organization, no foreign journalist or radio station has a right to interfere in the internal affairs of a sovereign independent State.... Only Myanmar nationals understand Myanmar life, Myanmar traits, Myanmar wisdom .... We will not take interference and lording over of foreign organizations with head bowed....'" "In following [these] lectures, you are to do it under the conviction that you have the responsibility for the re-opening of universities and colleges within the shortest possible time and for maintaining the situation to ensure continued peaceful pursuit of education once they have been re-opened...." "I would like you to follow the lectures which will begin today and last for one month with peace of mind, tolerate having to live under relatively inconvenient conditions. Upgrade your philosophy and concepts to be correct and well-honed...." (WPD 1/28) Cultural Relics Jan. 10: A very rare book entitled "King Mindon's Kuthodaws, the Queen, the Princes and the Princesses", a 150-year old Cheik Htami, and a 130-year old silk Htami were donated to the Department of Cultural Institute in Mandalay. (WPD 1/11) Jan. 11: K10,360 was given to the finder of an antique 0.5 tical gold ring, with a miniature cow on its surface, found Aug. 17, 1991 in Alanpe village, Minbu Twp. [photo] (WPD 1/12) Jan. 29: K27,890 was paid on Jan. 24 to the finders of antique silverware on the Ayeyarwady riverbank at Thiripyitsaya village at Bagan-Nyaung-U. The "finely-wrought silver narrow silver belt, five silver belts with snake-skin motif, five nuggets of silver and an enameled pot in which they were stored" date from the Bagan period. The belt buckles "were embossed with designs of lotus petals and studded with pearls." (WPD 1/31) University Convocations Jan. 11: Mandalay University held its 27th Convocation. In the first section, Rector Dr. Tun Maung gave degree certificates to 6 M.A. Degree holders, 5 M.Phil. Degree holders, 81 B.A.(Hons.) Degree holders and 406 B.A. Degree holders. In the second section, he gave certificates to 32 M.Sc. Degree holders, 154 B.Sc. (Hons.) Degree holders, 301 B.A. Degree holders, and 13 B.Sc. Degree holders. He also presented, in absentia, 9 M.Sc., 26 B.Sc.(Hons.), and 31 B.A. Degree certificates. (WPD 1/12) Jan. 12: In the third section, the Rector gave certificates to 213 B.A. Degree holders and 287 B.Sc. Degree holders. He also presented, in absentia, 24 B.A. Degree certificates. In the fourth section, he gave certificates to 450 B.Sc. Degree holders. He also presented, in absentia, 45 B.Sc. Degree certificates. (WPD 1/13) [Jan. 14 or 17: Fourth through sixth sextions. (WPD 1/15 or 18)] Jan. 19: In the seventh section, Rector Dr. Tun Maung gave certificates to 382 B.Sc. graduates and 118 B.A. graduates, and presented 49 B.A. Degree certificates in absentia. In the eighth section, he gave Degree certificates to 514 B.Sc. graduates and presented 115 Degree certificates in absentia. (WPD 1/20) Jan. 25: Mandalay University held the first session of its 28th Convocation. Pro-Rector U Lu Ni gave B.A. and B.Sc. certificates to 512 graduates, and presented 58 B.A. Degree certificates in absentia. (WPD 1/26) Patriotic Literary Seminar Jan. 27: A 3-day literary seminar on "nationalist fervour contributing towards keeping patriotism alive and dynamic" opened, under the Chairmanship of U Soe Nyunt (Htilar Sitthu), Managing Director of the News and Periodicals Enterprise, who read a speech by Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint. (WPD 1/28) MISCELLANEOUS Crime News Names and addresses of culprits generally included. Crime, date, and locality are included in our summaries, but not individual names unless for special reason. Beginning with this issue, however, criminal narcotics cases will be found under Narcotics rather than under Crime. Jan. 30: The National Intelligence Bureau (NIB) seized 130 tons of teak being secreted by U Khin Maung Than, proprietor of the Lucky Hotel, Mandalay [details]. He has been smuggling stolen teak out of the country. Action is being taken against "all those involved." (WPD 1/31) Narcotics Including, beginning with this issue, crimes involving narcotics. The Working People's Daily has recently inaugurated a heading called "Anti-Drug News." Jan. 2: The Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control reviewed 1991 narcotics +activities: The CCDAC met with UN organizations 18 times, and sent delegations to four international meetings, in Thailand, Laos, and China. The Tatmadaw, police, and people destroyed 2338.7 acres of opium plantations, with a potential production of 531.5 tons. 15 anti-drug squads have been formed; in 1991 one was formed in Homalin. On Jan. 28, 3 opium refineries were destroyed in the Mongko region of Northern Shan State. 78.8 kilos of heroin, 4 kilos of morphine base, and 16 kilos of opium were burned, and 1,500 acres of opium plantations were destroyed, at Chinshwehaw. Total value was US$2,165 million. On Aug. 5, an opium refinery was destroyed in Mongla region, Eastern Shan State. 60 kilos of heroin, 31 kilos of morphine base, and 50 kilos of opium were destroyed, worth US$ 154 million. On Jan. 7, the Fourth Exhibition of Destruction of Narcotics Drugs was held in Yangon, with destruction of 76.4 kilos of heroin, 29.0 kilos of morphine base, 1.5 kilos of opium oil, 1.7 kilos of liquid opium, 377.8 kilos of marijuana, and 2,266.8 litres of phensedyl, worth US192 million. All told, in 1991, drugs worth US2,511 million were destroyed. The Crop Substitution Committee has opened 19 crop substitution stations and 20 agricultural training stations. 1,670 former opium farmers were trained, and 1,610 acres of virgin land reclaimed, with the distribution of 2,216 baskets of annuals seeds, 226,112 perennial seedlings, 466 tons of fertilizers, and 320 litres and 1,070 kilos of pesticides. The Livestock Breeding Committee distributed 31,415 chickens, 561 pigs, 44 cattle, 948,927 eggs, and 3,908 viss of cow milk to former opium farmers, and trained 40 in livestock breeding. Medical treatment: 30 drug centres treated 952 addicts. Total registered addicts on Oct. 30, 1991, were 51,841. 243 drug users were detoxified and rehabilitated, bringing the total rehabilitated to 4,104. The Education Committee holds township level competitions every year between June 18-26 to mark the International Day Against Drug Abuse; state/division level exhibitions were mounted in Sittway, Loikaw, Dawei, Mawlamyine, Myitkyina, and Lashio, and township level exhibits at Maubin and Tachilek. The Information Committee had Radio Myanmar broadcast 182 anti-drug talks, 103 plays, and 170 playings of anti-drug songs. TV Myanmar telecast 64 times on local news, 23 times on satellite news, 15 films, 8 music programmes, 53 agitational programmes, 16 educational programmes, and 2 plays. Newpapers featured 14 editorials, 22 articles, 827 news items, 597 photos, and 3 cartoons. Thuta Padetha published 8 articles, and the Myanmar Encyclopaedia Year Book 3 articles. One short story, 8 illustrated stories, one novel, and four cartoons were published. (WPD 1/3) Jan. 4: The Mandalay anti-drug squad on Dec. 26 seized 1 kilo of heroin. (WPD 1/5) Jan. 10: The Htigyaint Twp. [Sagaing] police seized 10.5 kilos of raw opium near Singyun village on Dec. 27. \\ The Tatmadaw seized 879.6 kilos of opium, plus explosives and detonators, from a group of 20 people near Mali Creek, Tarlawgyi village, Myitkyina, on Dec. 23. (WPD 1/11) Jan. 13: Officials seized 1 kilo of heroin in Yanlonchauk village, Kutkai Twp. [Shan] on Jan. 4. \\ 20,000 people viewed an anti-drug exhibit in Bhamo Jan. 4-6. "School girls sang an anti-drug song and performed pompom and aerobic dances." (WPD 1/14) Jan. 20: The Monywa anti-drug squad on Dec. 28 seized 83.8 litres of acetic-anhydride [used in making heroin-HCM], in Aungchantha Myothit Ward, Monywa. (WPD 1/21) Jan. 23: In the past four years, the police have destroyed a total of 2963 acres of poppy plantations; 2641 in Shan State, 313 in Chin State, and 10 in Kachin State. This has prevented the production of 13 tons of opium. (WPD 1/24) Jan. 24: Amarapura police [Mandalay] on Dec. 5 seized 11.9 kilos of opium from a vehicle arriving from Meiktila. (WPD 1/25) Jan. 25: The Tatmadaw between Jan. 14-18 destroyed 93 acres of poppy plantations in Kengtung Township [Shan]. (WPD 1/26) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are occasional obituaries in Burmese as well.] Dec. 27: State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Bhaddanta Jayanta Maha Thera, Padhana Nayaka of Lepaw Kyaung, West Htilin Taik, Mandalay, vassa 71, died aged 91. (WPD 1/2) Jan. 8: Miss Cyrilla Josephine Paul, died in India, aged 64. [Christian] (WPD 1/12) Jan. 11: State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Nagasena, of Min Kyaung, Loikaw Twp., Kayah State, vassa 65 Vara, died aged 84. (WPD 1/12) Jan. 11 (?): Daw Mary, widow of Mr. B.X. Miller, Controller, Burma Railways, died in Myaungmya, aged 86. (WPD 1/12) Jan. 18: U Ko Ko Lay (a) Mr. R. Andy, of South Okkalapa, Rtd. Radio Officer, husband of Rosie Andy, died in Yangon, aged 66. [Christian] (WPD 1/20) Jan. 23: Mrs. Banoo Cooper, mother of Maude Boudville (a) Daw Khin Mya Kyi, died in Yangon, aged 99. [Christian] (WPD 1/24) Jan. 25: Mr. Abdul Sattar Moton (a) U Aung San, Ex-proprietor of the Mulla Oil Company, husband of the late Daw Rabia Bia, died in Yangon, aged 86. [Muslim] (WPD 1/26) Jan. 29: Mrs. H.M. Chowdhury, wife of the late Dr. K.P. Chowdhury, died in Yangon, aged 75. [Muslim] (WPD 1/31) New Postage Stamps Jan. 1: New 50-pya and two-kyat stamps will be issued on Jan. 4, Independence Day. They bear the first-prize winning poster and sculpture from the Posters and Sculpture Exhibition on Keeping Patriotism Alive and Dynamic. First day cancellations will be provided at the General Post Office. [photos] (WPD 1/2) Lawyers Disbarred Jan. 9: Advocates U Tin Shwe (a) U Chan Aye of Mawlamyine and U Kun Sa of Myitkyina were disbarred following convictions under Section 5 of the 1950 Emergency Provisions Act. (WPD 1/10) Engagement Jan. 11: A.L. Roman Simpson (Radio Officer, Maersk Line, Singapore), son of Mrs. Clara and the late J. Simpson of Kandawglay, Yangon, became engaged to Stella M Lazarus, daughter of the late J.F. and Hariet Ruby Lazarus of Mingala Taungnyunt, Yangon. (WPD 1/14) Toad Swallows Snake Jan. 20: Last November a toad swallowed a snake in Mandalay South-West Township. "Certain dignitaries are saying that the incident is good omen for the Union of Myanmar and its people. Some said that the place has become `Aung Mye' and took away the earth from there to keep as charms. Photographs of the incident are in great demand, it is learnt." [photos] (WPD 1/21) ----- SUBSCRIPTIONS & RENEWALS ATT: Burma Press Summary The Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies University of Illinois 910 South Fifth Street, RM 230 Champaign, IL 61820 Annual Subscriptions: US$50.00 Add Postal surcharge for Canada - US$ 2.00 Foreign (surface) - US$ 2.00 Europe (air) - US$ 20.00 Asia (air) - US $ 25.00 [additional charge for US$ check on foreign bank - $5.00] NOTE: Checks should be payable to: University of Illinois, with "Burma Press Summary" annotated on check. EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE Editorial correspondence, requests for full copies of articles, and requests for back issues before January 1991 should be sent to: Hugh C. MacDougall 32 Elm Street Cooperstown, NY 13326 ------- Burma Press Summary No. 59, Jan. 1992 Hugh C. MacDougall