91-05 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (from THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY) Vol. V, No. 5, May 1991 +-+-+-+-+ Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans 2 Cartoons 2 Book and Periodical Ads 5 Political Articles (Excerpts) 5 Press Conference 7 NLD Absconder Found Dead 11 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt's Speech 11 Gen. Saw Maung's Speech 13 Gen. Than Shwe to ADNG Graduates 14 ELECTIONS Two Hluttaw Members Ousted 15 Party Registration Changes 16 Hluttaw Members Die 16 Hluttaw Candidates Disqualified 16 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 16 Attaches Visit Beach 17 Indian Condolence Book 17 Nigerian Ambassador Approved 17 Chinese Ambassador Approved 17 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops and Courses 17 Myanmar Donations 18 Latrine Project Finished 18 Foreign Donations 18 FOREIGN VISITORS International Organizations 18 Business Visitors 18 Japanese Diet Member 19 Malaysian Public Services 19 Cypriot Official 19 Visiting Sayadaws 19 Academic Visitors 19 French Economic Mission 19 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 19 Delegations to Meetings 20 Delegations Return 21 Delegation to China 21 Agriculture Minister to China 21 MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 21 Appointments Confirmed 21 GOVERNMENT Service Personnel and Politics 22 May Day Message 22 Police Medals Awarded 24 National Races University Law 24 MILITARY Insurgent Attacks 25 Insurgents Surrender 25 Palaung Defectors 25 Insurgent Groups Legalized 26 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 26 Advertisements 27 Joint Ventures 27 Construction Projects 27 Foreign Salesrooms in Yangon 28 Exports 29 Imports 29 Export Prices 29 Air Service to Hong Kong 29 Hotel Renovation 29 Rainfall in Yangon 29 HEALTH Warning Against Tobacco 29 SPORTS Sports Teams Abroad 30 Sports Delegations Abroad 30 Visiting Sports Teams 30 Holes-in-One 30 CULTURAL Literary and Cultural Articles 30 Poster Competition 31 College Reopenings 31 Buddhist Culture Courses 32 Culture Shock and Cookery 32 Literary & Photo Competitions 33 Relic Found 33 MISCELLANEOUS Crime News 33 Obituaries 34 Cyclone in Rakhine State 34 Meiktila Fire Relief 35 Student Misbehavior 36 Marriage 36 Narcotics Destruction 36 Earthquakes 36 Brothels Raided 37 Fire at Mawlamyine Hospital 37 Water Shortage in Hlegu 37 POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans The four political slogans launched in November 1988 appeared in most issues of The Working People's Daily throughout the month, as did the "Noble Desire" slogan begun in January 1990. We reprinted them in the January 1991 issue. --- Since April 1989 the The Working People's Daily has run a political slogan across the bottom of each front page: May 1: 1991 WORKERS DAY ANNIVERSARY May 2-3: Natakananca sangaho, to support the relatives; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 4-7: Anavajjani kammani, to perform faultless actions; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 8-10: Arati papa, to abstain from evil; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 11-13: Virati papa, to refrain from sin; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 14-16: Majjapana ca samyamo, to restrain [sic] from intoxicating drinks; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 17-21: Appamado ca dhammesu, to be diligent in Laws; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 22-24: Garavo ca, to give respect to those who are worthy of respect; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 25-26: Nivato ca, to be humble; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 27-29: Santuthi ca, to be content; this is the way to auspiciousness. May 30-31: Katannuta, gratitude towards the grateful; this is the way to auspiciousness. --- Since Jan. 3, 1991, most issues have also run the following slogan: The interests of the State cannot be served and promoted by disturbances and instability. Join hands with the Tatmadaw in preventing disturbances and acts of instability. --- Since Apr. 29 a slogan has appeared across the centerfold of most issues: May 1-17: TODAY'S TATMADAW (SLORC) IS NOT A RIVAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. HENCE, NO NEED TO ATTACK IT POLITICALLY. May 20-24: MARTIAL LAW IS NEITHER MORE NOR LESS THAN THE WILL OF THE GENERAL WHO COMMANDS THE ARMY. IN FACT, MARTIAL LAW MEANS NO LAW AT ALL. -- Duke of Wellington Cartoons There continued to be a number of political cartoons in each issue. E.g.: May 2: 1st Myanmar: "When asked about that person who died from leukemia...that gentleman from _____ party replied that he did not know what leukemia is, and said he has no knowledge of medical science and law ...that's how he answered.... As a party, it's the number one party." 2nd Myanmar: "Leukemia is blood cancer...everybody knows about it... Is that a person who is going to lead the country? He doesn't know even a small matter like this...Hpooey!" May 6: 1st Myanmar: "Can there be any violation of human rights more dastardly than threatening and destroying life?" 2nd Myanmar: "The... the brutal massacres of the people of Myanmar Naing-Ngan committed by the imperialists and the killings of innocent people by the insurgents, the minions of the imperialists, have been the worst acts of violation of human rights!" May 6: 1st Myanmar: "It is very heartening to hear that Buddhist culture courses are being opened in various townships to enable the youth to become pious, cultured and gentle." 2nd Myanmar: "Youths became rude and immoral because they lost contact with culture and religion. It was proved by incidents that took place during the disturbances. The existing government is paving the way for the forth-coming government by properly nurturing the youth. It's a noble deed. Sadhu, Sadhu, Sadhu...." May 7: Woman with armed insurgent [labeled "Illegal Associations/Insurgents"] hiding under her skirt: "Shhhh! Keep quiet." 1st Myanmar: "It is said that the body of a dead elephant cannot be covered up with the hide of a goat. If that is what has happened... [Thinking: `The clarifications made by Secretary-1 at the press conference on 5-8-89']" 2nd Myanmar: "If they accept, encourage and help those they know are insurgents...." 3rd Myanmar: "Not less than a sentence of two years' imprisonment is to be handed down on them according to Section 17(1) of the Unlawful Association Act of 1908." May 8: 1st Myanmar: "The political parties which were allowed to be formed by the SLORC have been heard talking about transfer of power." 2nd Myanmar: "What? It was not from them that power was taken over. Does what they are saying amount to asking that power to the parallel government that has not yet been dissolved [sic]?" May 10: "We love and cherish our land...for it is the heritage of our forefathers." 1st Myanmar: "What happened to Sein Kyi when the big master went back to Tokyo?" 2nd Myanmar: "She was left behind pregnant of course..." 1st Myanmar: "That is why it has been repeatedly reminded to love our own race." May 10: "If you cherish your race ...uproot all notions of thinking highly only of things foreign." Myanmar man (thinking "The strength of a nation lies only within."): "Do you love and cherish your race?" Woman: "Oh, yes, I do. Man: "Then, uproot and get rid of all thoughts which hold high all that is foreign; and don't pine for the aunt over the shoulder of the mother." May 11: 1st Myanmar: "Hey, I wonder why BBC and VOA did not comment on the destruction of 154 million dollars worth of narcotic drugs in Mongla region of our country on 5 May?" 2nd Myanmar: "It should be thought. In other countries, it would have been a big news. Is it because they don't like the destruction of narcotics drugs in our country? There must be a reason...." May 12: 1st Myanmar: "What are you looking for?" 2nd Myanmar: "Aw! The debt that Myanmar Naing-Ngan had paid the British. 1st Myanmar: "That's not difficult...the SLORC chairman has said about that in his speech at Kungyangon on 10.12.90. The British Exile Government's debt was 256 million 162 thousand 208 kyats. That's after the independence. Aye. When Myanmar seperated [sic] from India on 1st April 1937, the British demanded Myanmar to pay 497.2 million rupees to India. That's how they suck and drain our blood..." 2nd Myanmar: "How good that is! How fair!" May 13: Boy [long hair, long trousers]: "Dad, what is Buddhist Culture Course?" Father [ditto]: No...no my son, I don't know what it is." Mother [in longyi]: "You, father and son, don't know about religion and culture...and don't have patriotism...thinking highly of foreign, you're not fit to live in Myanmar Pyi. Heck!" May 14: "Universities and Institutes will reopen on 15 May." Myanmar man: "You must cannot finish giving instructions, can you?" Myanmar woman teacher: "Of course I must instruct... -- to understand the State's cetana, -- to be free from parties, -- not to listen to destructive elements, -- to confine yourself to studies and education only. These are things which parents have responsibility to instruct their offspring." May 16: 1st Myanmar: "If the debt incurred as a result of British blood-sucking is calculated in terms of gold of that era, it amounts to 362.02 tons of gold; according to current prices it will be five billion US dollars..." 2nd Myanmar: "Ha ...Then our country is free of foreign debt because ours is just a little over four billion." 1st Myanmar: "That's correct. If we ask repayment from those who unfairly took from us, we will be absolutely free of debt." May 17: BBC Official: "Do you know what to write for me to announce on Wednesdays?" Bertil Lintner, Simon Michel, Neil Kelley, and Pam O'Toole: "Yes, Sir. We are to fabricate news to be ills of Myanmar." May 17: 1st Myanmar: "In section 3(d) of the Political Parties Registration Law it is mentioned that any organization which under any knowledgement [sic] of allegiance or adherence of a foreign power directly or indirectly...." 2nd Myanmar: "Then...the groups which the BBC has been supporting are subjected to... according to law..." 1st Myanmar: "Yes, of course." May 17: Party politician: "Power.. Power..transfer now...transfer now ..." 1st Myanmar: "Don't stage demands and attacks. It is the time of Martial Law Administration. 2nd Myanmar (reading newspaper): "The Senior General started mentioning Martial Law on 5.7.89 when he met with local and foreign journalists ..." 3rd Myanmar (reading newspaper): "Oh yeah... Now do I grasp it clearly at the SLORC's 110th press conference given by Secretary-1. It is said that Martial Law is `General's will'. This is quite obvious... Isn't it? That is the quotation of the British Duke of Wellington... It is not our quotation ... Hehehehe...." May 18: Westerner in trousers: "We gave it a name Burma." Myanmar: "Yes, but now it is changed to Myanmar. Myanmar means swift, quick, bright, sharp and having zeal. Ones who cannot tolerate if the nation and the race is attacked are Myanmars." May 19: Myanmar couple: "We are genuine citizens, genuine nationals of Myanmar Naing-Ngan." Myanmar woman clutching a Western man: "We are ...ehh...ohh...." Their son: "Daddy, Mummy! We are mixed blood of Bamar and that race..." May 19: 1st Myanmar: "The SLORC has been doing all that is good." 2nd Myanmar: "But all those who are bad do not like the SLORC." May 20: 1st Myanmar: "All the old, medium and young figures currently on the democracy political stage have some evil offences concerning thoughts and ideology. You can see clearly if you study carefully." 2nd Myanmar: "Right, right! It is like a red ant aiming to break down a mountain, though unable due to lack of ability. They should know about themselves. Do not decieve [sic]. Speak out the evil doings candidly." May 23: "Political sharper" (to himself): "As I cannot get a chance to play the main character, I attempted to destroy the main drum, but it did not break. I cannot afford to play on the stage. My play can be staged neither in theatre nor open air. The contracters [sic] too suffer loss. The special 110th press conference also exposed my life. I must flee to Manerplaw as I am afraid of Martial Law." May 24: "Political sharpers used students as stepping stones to reach their goals." Adult: "Will you be used by such persons or will you strive to march towards your educational goal? You have to choose one from these two ways. Don't be taken in twice like Mi Aye." Student (thinking): "The farer [sic] from party politics the better it is for us." May 29: 1st Myanmar: "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has issued the press release stating that Daw Suu Kyi would be permitted to leave Myanmar Naing-Ngan if she wanted to live [sic] and rejoin her husband and sons. By the way, who is the Minister for Foreign Affairs?" 2nd Myanmar: "Wait, let me see... Ah yes, the Minister for Foreign Affairs is the Defence Services Commander-in-Chief." May 30: 1st Myanmar: "You said Minister for Foreign Affairs is Defence Services Commander-in-Chief... didn't you? Because I want to ask you...What powers has the Defence Services Commander-in-Chief? Answer me." 2nd Myanmar: "Oh, I see. You are naive. What he has is General's will. Is it clear to you now?" May 30: 1st Myanmar: "The SLORC Chairman in his speech the other day mentioned laws concerning the Commission and the parties, didn't he?" 2nd Myanmar: "That's why it is said that democracy can be enjoyed only when there is prevalence of law and order. They should scrutinize themselves." 3rd Myanmar: "They pay no attention to law...those who do not know cheat others who don't understand...that is deceit and fraud... they fabricate untrue into true... that too is deceit...Hmmm...in accord with law...such wrong-doings are to be dealt under Martial Law ..." Book and Periodical Ads [Officially published books and periodicals are advertised or publicised regularly. These were featured this month:] Foreign subcriptions to Working People's Daily. Clarifications of the State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt at the Special 108th Press Conference [in Burmese]. Misbehavior of political parties, and traitors who slander the motherland, etc. [in Burmese] Nga Ba, by Maung Htin [Burmese and English editions]. "It is a life story of Myanmars full of tear drops, sweat, bitter cries, drops of blood, angry voices that came out from the bottom of the heart, revolution and attacks and vicious rape cases. It's also a world famous Myanmar self-style novel with the highest value of literature, which stands in the list of classic genre ...." Myanmar cultural traits and Myanmar traditions [in Burmese]. History of the Shwedaung Battle [in Burmese]. Major General Khin Nyunt's clarification concerning educational matters made to Rectors, Professors and service personnels of the Ministry of Education [in English]. History of the insurgency [in Burmese]. Five volumes: Before 1947; 1947-1962; 1962-1968; 1968-1972; 1968 [sic]-1975. Political Articles (Excerpts) Following the pattern begun in October 1988, each issue contains lengthy feature articles, translated from Burmese, designed to bolster government views and policies. Editorials sometimes touched on similar themes. We note them briefly, with excerpts of typical or particularly significant portions: May 1-2: Today's politics; what would you call it?, by Mya Win. [(1) It took the Revolutionary Council 12 years to change from "multi-party democracy system to a socialist democracy system." The Nawata must move gradually since "to change from a single-party system to a multi-party system is a change over from one type of production relationship to an opposite type of production relationship." (2) Situation is different from 1947.]] May 1-8,11,13-18,21,25-27,30-31: Fruits of peace in Kokang, Kachin, Wa & Shan lands, by Goung Kyaw Swa. [Cont. (6-7) Tatmadaw pacification of BCP areas in 1988. (8-9) Formation of Border Area National Races Development Executive Committee in 1989. (10-13) Development progress. (14-17) Wa breakaway from BCP in 1989. (18-19) Development projects. (20) The Wa people. (21-22) 1990 visit by Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (23-26) 1990 Wa visit to Yangon.] May 1: Workers Day 1991: "Because there's still work to be done", by Thuza Thein Tan. [Need for a work ethic.] May 2: Editorial: Workers Day Message. ["{The} noble nature of the workers, so pure and so possessed of what is best of human goodwill and honour may be stained and smeared through the manipulations of avaricious and over-ambitious political charlitans who have no scruples whatsoever...."] May 4: Thitsa-Myittar Discussion: The story of 90,000 hintha ducks, by Byamahso. [The ducks, instead of uniting to destroy their spider enemy, hid in a cave and devoured each other. Why do politicians "desire now to split up?"] May 5: The history of Fire Brigade Day, by Khin Aung Tin. [Nationalist origins of Myanmar fire fighters.] May 5,7: BBC the Tormentor, by Khaing Tun. [BBC "meddling in the internal affairs of Myanmar Naing-Ngan."] May 6: Wanted. Higher education without extra costly coaching, by Pha Tha Oah. ["No one can deny the fact that any extra coaching, be it by parents or a hired tutor, can be beneficial for a youngster's passing the examinations with flying colours .... Although teachers are forbidden to hold tuition classes for students of their class, such coaching has become a necessary evil.... With no grudge against tuition-takers and tuition-givers, a way out needs to be found for those who cannot think of tuition, much less take it or pay for it.... Cetana teachers can provide one answer.... Higher education without extra coaching is not too wild a dream. Where there is a will there is a way."] May 8,10: Anti-imperialist nationalist fervour in speeches, by Sai Thiha. [Myanmar valor in struggle against British conquest.] May 9: History of Shwedaung Battle, by Soe Nyunt. [Cont. (3) Myanmar-Japanese battle against British in 1942; British atrocities.] May 9: Nurturing youths, by Maung Dawna. [Refesher course for graduates of the Academy for Development of National Groups.] May 10-11,13,15,19: Flower buds from the hills, by Kyaw Zeya. [Cont. (6) Accompanying youths on visit to Bagan-Nyaung-U. (7-8) Mt. Popa and Mandalay. (9-10) Sagaing and Mandalay.] May 12: To improve the quality of life of the national races in the border areas, by Thura Thamein. [Those who accompanied State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt on his tour of border regions "have come away with more than a smile, for seeing is believing."] May 12,20: Students have nothing to do with party politics, by Kyaw Min Tun. ["Some political parties have instigated the students using the slogan `to continue to pursue academic education' as a ploy in connection with reopening of the schools at a time when the construction work which is in accord with the multi-party democracy system, measures to prevent their causing undesirable situations have had to be taken [sic]." May 14: Gambling must be deterred, by Maung Maung Swe. [Gambling is immoral and illegal.] May 14: Editorial: Loyalty and Treason. ["A patriot...[is] someone who cherishes his own nation and his own people above any thing else.... This kind of loyalty condones no exceptions.... Disloyalty towards one's own people and toward one's own land is summed up in the dreaded word `Traitor' for which the only reward known to human society has invariably been `Death'.... If the sentence passed may appear to be too drastic for our genteel modern concepts, let us recall that it could not have been otherwise because disloyalty and treason towards one's own nation and one's own people has justifiably been regarded as the greatest of social or political sins because it may result in no less than a total extinction of identity as a people and as a nation. "Many peoples and many nations have had to suffer this fate throughout history, either through bloody massacre or insidious absorption mainly due to traitors.... There exists a line which must never be crossed. That line is loyalty towards the nation and the people. "Whosoever goes running to other peoples or other nations or to alien polities in the hope of gaining succour has universally been recognized as a traitor in any language. And what about that particular nation or polity towards which the traitor runs in the hope of aid and assistance? They may make use of such traitors for their own advantage. But never in trust. For, a traitor is regarded as being always a traitor, never to be trusted but only used." May 16,23: Today's politics at a glance, by Myan Pyi Tha. [Danger of "political ideas and ideologies infiltrating the mass of service personnel" and causing destabilization.] May 18-21: Don't dispose with malice what has been proposed with goodwill, by Thukhi Aung. [(1-4) Happiness at reopening of Universities; "parents, teachers and students in unity can keep all types of disruptors away from the campus." Disturbances and college closure reviewed. Duties of students and parents.] May 21: The British Army's massacre of 34 Myanmar nationals from Mintekyaunggon and Potheintan villages in Shwedaung Township, by Bo Thanmani. [1942 killings; denunciation of May 3, 1991 broadcast by Myanmar-born Lord K. Sness [sic] denouncing Myanmar's "existing brutal and cruel leadership." 4 page article.] May 22-23,27-28: To those with a blurred vision, by Mya Win. [(1-4) "There are persons who are simply unable to interpret history correctly." Correctness of Tatmadaw conduct over the years.] May 22,24,30: Bloody Bloodshed at Hparkani Jade Region: Brutal Massacre by KIA Insurgents, by Nyo Sein Win. [(1-3) KIA execution of 15 men and 4 women, accused of theft and drug trafficking, in Kamaing Twp. {Kachin} on Aug. 30, 1990.] May 24,26-27,30: 1988 Replay of Gory BCP Pogroms, by Maung Pyithu. [(1-4) l988 BCP atrocities recalled.] May 29: The exercise of Martial Law, the highest military administration law, by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, by Thihathu. [Legitimacy of Martial Law in emergencies.] May 29: From an academy to a university for the national races, by An Observer. ["A great step taken with immense goodwill for the development of the national races as fostered by the State Law and Order Restoration Council, the Tatmadaw."] Press Conference May 14: At the Special 110th State LORC Press Conference, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt spoke as a prelude to the May 15 re-opening of the major Universities, which have been closed since June 1988. He was followed with statements on narcotics control by Maj. Than Tun and on the re-legalization of eight former insurgent groups [see below, under Military] and the collapse of the NDF by Co. Than Tun, both of Defence Services Intelligence. The official summary said the Press Conference "clarified matters relating to students' involvement in 1988 disturbances, activities of politicians, movements in the literary field, lawyers movements, BCP movements, the SLORC endeavours for the emergence of multi-party democracy, situations of the political parties, warnings given to the National League for Democracy and other political parties, drug suppression work being carried out as a national task, cancellation of the announcement of unlawful associations to some political parties, and the current situation of DAB." More specifically: -- Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said student involvement in the March 1988 demonstrations, including formation of the Progressive Students Organization by Min Zeya, Zaw Min, Htay Kywe, and Yu Yu Maw. Subsequent "emergence of many anti-government agitation and propaganda publications under the name of many student thameggas," which spread rumours, including rumours of counterfeiting of currency and planned demonetization of 10 kyat notes that undermined confidence and led to hoarding and exhorbitant price increases. "Moreover, U Aung Gyi started distributing publications agitating and causing diminished public confidence in the government." -- Agitation increased when the universities and institutes reopened on May 30, 1988. On June 20 students started denouncing the government and "they resorted to all sorts of agitation to sow bad blood within the Tatmadaw." Universities were closed June 21, and agitation spread to some highschools. -- From July 28 on, agitators used the Shwedagon Pagoda as a base, after looting donation boxes. They sought to depose BSPP Chairman U Sein Lwin, unite students, worker and soldiers, and "bring down the Government with a view to achieving democracy." -- Beginning Aug. 5, 1988, the BBC started stirring up trouble with its broadcasts. On Aug. 6, Christopher Gunnes [sic] interviewed students "including a concoction involving Aye Nyein Thu (a) Aye Aye San." On Aug. 8, there were demonstrations in Yangon and elsewhere. -- The BCP and old politicians started to exploit the situation "to compete in striving to finding a short-cut to grabbing State power." Elements of journalists, lawyers, politicians, and artistes "were lured into the fray, shaking fists." "Manipulated by politicians, some students ended up as insurgents...." -- U Htwe Myint, Vice-chairman of the Democracy Party, began in March 1988 to meet with Daw Suu Kyi, who had returned to Myanmar to attend her sick mother, "and persuaded her to take part in political movement." In May Daw Suu Kyi decided to join with U Htwe Myint, and also consulted with "some veteran politicians and some honourable persons such as U Nu, Mahn Win Maung, Bohmu Aung, U Saw Kyar Doe, U Nyo Tun, and U Myint Thein, leading to the Aug. 15 "thesis known as Formation of a People's Consultative Committee" signed by U Htwe Myint and Daw Suu Kyi. -- U Htwe Myint "was once a member of a group of expatriate-insurgents led by U Nu and was also a saboteur and underground activist." He was released from jail in 1980 and lived with U Kyaw Nyein. He acted as secretary for a group including U Nu, U Kyaw Nyein, Bo Khin Maung Gale, Thakin Tha Khin, and U Aung Gyi. -- When U Htwe Myint was arrested in Aug. 1988, Daw Suu Kyi "who had not yet been used to life in Myanmar Naing-Ngan, met with difficulties and hardships," and started getting help from Thakin Ohn Myint, who also provided monetary help to Thet Khaing and BCP underground groups. While Thakin Tin Mya was working on a pamphlet with Bo Ye Htut of the 30 Comrades, Thakin Ohn Myint introduced them to Daw Suu Kyi. Thakin Tin Mya organized an office for Daw Suu Kyi, with his associates U Hla tin and U San Tha Kyaw. When U Htwe Myint was released from jail on Aug. 25, 1988, he joined the group. -- Political biographies of people associated with Daw Suu Kyi, including: Thakin Tin Mya, a Communist since 1938-39. U Htwe Myint, a Communist since 1951. U Thu Wai, head of the Democratic Party, an insurgent and former associate of U Nu who tries to bring religion into politics. U Win Tin; angry at Lanzin Party after being fired as editor of the Hanthawady Daily "for his involvement in an anti-government literary discussion." Lawyer U Tun Tin, Communist and half-Chinese originally named Frank Wong and who, like U Win Tin, has been a leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD). Writer Maung Thaw Ka, a former Navy officer involved in Kyaw Zwa Myint's treason in 1965. -- Involvement of "some persons from the world of literature and that of artistes" who went along with the disturbances. Named are writers Lay-tha-ye Ta-Oo (A Pilot), Hanthawaddy U Win Tin, Win khet, Maung Thawka; film directors Moe Thu and Sabai-Oo Tin Soe; writers Saya Min Thu Wun, Saya Zawgyi, U Khin Maung Latt, Daw Khin Myo Chit, Saya Yan Aung, and others. Also lawyers U Ko Yu, U Tun Tin, and U Ba Tun. Daw Suu Kyi met with writers, artistes, and lawyers in a "clandestine meeting" on Aug. 21, 1988. -- Role of Daw Suu Kyi in encouraging demonstrations at Yangon General Hospital and the Shwedagon. Demands for an interim government by U Aung Gyi, U Tin Oo, Daw Suu Kyi and others. -- Communist activities of U Win Tin. His "close friend" Asahi Shimbun Correspondent U Nay Win. Both tied in with NLD. -- Lawyers split into a pro-political group wanting to use the "Barr Council [sic]", and anti-political groups wanting only to participate in demonstrations. "There were also lawyers who were also solo traitors who sent false news to BBC" like Nay Min (a) Win Shwe [details]. -- Activities of BCP outlined at length, before and during August 1988 disturbances. -- Elections of 1990 successfully held, although "all classes of strata as mentioned before such as artistes, lawyers, students were persuaded by the trick of politicians and so it was known by all that past disturbances were caused to a great extent by the trick of politicians." -- De-politization of civil servants, by decree of Dr. Maung Maung on Sept. 16, 1988. "It is of vital importance for all the service personnel to say away from party politics, to be loyal to the Government and to carry out duty to their utmost." -- "What I would like to present now is that universities and colleges will be reopened soon. We wish the youths to pursue their studies peacefully and happily...." Students have only suffered from the past few years. But those who fled are being welcomed back at reception camps. "Now arrangements have been made to reopen schools under the joint sponsorship of parents, teachers and students. The Tatmadaw/the Government will render necessary assistance to its utmost most [sic]." -- "It is of vital importance [for students] to saya away from party politics, groups from outside and opposition political groups. The Tatmadaw is worried that politicians who are opportunists would make use of the students to get onto the wrong path. So, the students should not do party politics, stay away from them and attend classes. Those who want to do politics may do so independently when they received their degree [or] should leave school and do what they want.... We will allow to form associations of majoring subjects, social, religious, cultural and sports associations. But we will not accept, by any means, any activities in connection with party politics...." [photos of documents cited] (WPD 5/15) -- During the election period, "Some of the political parties including NLD which were trying to get state power by short cut means collaborated with destructive elements within and without the country to fabricate rumours against the SLORC, making accusations to discredit the Tatmadaw and for the disintegration of the Tatmadaw.... The SLORC unavoidable had to restrict Daw Suu Kyi...to protect the State.... The restriction[s]...of Daw Suu Kyi were aimed at protecting the country from the dangers and at protecting her from the danger that might fall upon her.... The Ministry of Foreign Affairs [on]...19 December 1990 said that should Daw Suu Kyi wish to stay together with her husband and her children, she would be allowed to leave Myanmar Naing-Ngan. I would like to say that it will be very good for the country if the offer is followed.... -- "Declaration No 1/90 contained the stand and the activities of the [SLORC]. It also mentioned that it would not accept in any way the formation of a government through the framing of provisional Constitution .... Elected leaders of political parties...were informed on 11-7-90 that the [SLORC] would meet with them when [election reporting procedures are completed].... So the vital task ahead is to bring forth a firm constitution which can be accepted by all the national races ...." -- Discussion of incompleted business of submitting election expenses, inspection of accounts of political parties, and hearing of election objections. -- "Some persons who are in the leadership of certain parties and those who had been elected to the party leadership infringe the Election Law. Some of them are not even entitled to stand for the election .... Action can be taken against them at any time for their act...." -- "The person who can exercise martial law is the Defence Services Commander-in-Chief.... [According to the British Duke of Wellington] Martial Law is neither more nor less than the will of the general who commands the army. In fact Martial Law means no Law at all. This is the most precise and most clear definition of Martial Law.... I would like to tell the political parties that we would use martial law precisely and in full if they go against the law too much, defy the authority and try disintegration of the Tatmadaw." -- "Eight Hluttaw representatives from National League for Democracy and Party for National Democracy have formed parallel government. The Election Commission has therefore cancelled their names from the list of Hluttaw representatives.... Chairman Sein Win of the Party for National Democracy...joined with the insurgent organizations which formed parallel government. The Election Commission has therefore de-registered the Party for National Democracy. The League for Democracy and Peace split into two organizations .... The Election Commission has to announce the de-registration of the League for Democracy and Peace.... The total de-registered parties being nine. Today there are 83 legal political parties. There are 26 political parties with at least one representative elected to Pyithu Hluttaw and 57 political parties with no representative elected...." -- Major Than Tun of the Directorate of Intelligence Services then reviewed at length warnings given to the National League for Democracy and other parties. -- Major Than Tun then reviewed at length Myanmar anti-narcotics activities, saying, inter alia, the "Mr Angelo M. Saladino, representative of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration said that destroying opium refineries and narcotic drugs without any bloodshed is a great success for the Government in the fight against narcotic drugs," and that "Mr Donald L. Jameson, Counsellor for Political and Economic Affairs of the Embassy of the United States of America said that Myanmar Naing-Ngan plays an important role in suppressing narcotic drugs and in fighting the narcotic drugs abuse. Myanmar Naing-Ngan's fight in the drugs abuse is greatly appreciated and supported...." -- Major Than Tun said Myanmar was surprised to hear on the VOA on May 10 that "Assistant External Secretary for US drugs control [sic] said the military government in Yangon allowed the insurgent organizations to cultivate poppy and refined opium and trafficking it. Instead of fighting the narcotic drugs abuse the generals in Yangon just whitewash the narcotic drugs abuse control records.... The broadcast was made in negligence...or with malicious intent [and]...amounted to insulting the officials from UN agencies, DEA and local and foreign journalists who had attended the ceremonies at which the narcotic drugs were destroyed...." -- Deputy Director of Defence Services Intelligence Col. Than Tun then reviewed the declaration of insurgencies as unlawful associations, including the KIA, KNU, etc., and the recent [see below, under Military] cancellation of certain such declarations, namely: "No. 1 is splinter Kokang group and now it is a lawful association Myanmar National Democracy Alliance (MNDA).... It split away from BCP on 12-2-89 and it returned to the legal fold" after discussions between State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Hpon Kyar Shin. "No. 2 is splinter Wa group. Now it has a name Myanmar National Solidarity Party (MNSP). It split away from BCP on 17-4-89 and returned to the legal fold" after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Kyauk Nyi Hlaing. "No. 3 is No. 768 and 815 splinter military region groups. Now it is called National Democracy Alliance and Local Administration Committee (Eastern Shan State) (NDAA). It returned to the legal fold" after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Sai Lin on 11-8-89. "No. 4 is SSA [Shan State Army]. It was once under SSDP. Though it had not been declared unlawful association, it formed alliance with BCP. It returned to the legal fold" after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Say Htin on 11-11-89. "No. 5 is BCP No. 101 unit. Now it is called New Democratic Army (Kachin) (NDA). It was once a Kachin nationals organization under BCP and it was later organized by BCP...." It returned to the legal fold after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Sakhon Tein Yein on 13-1-90. "The sixth is KIA No. 4 brigade. Now it is Kachin Defence Army (KDA)." It returned to the legal fold after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Mahtu Naw et al. on 15-1-91. "The seventh is Pa-O National Organization (PNO). It had been Pa-O National Army and a member of the DAB...[but] resigned from DAB membership in March 1991." It returned to the legal fold after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Aung Khun Hti on 11-4-91. "Finally, the eighth organization or Palaung State Liberation Party (PSLP)...resigned from the DAB membership in April 1991" and returned to the legal fold after discussions between Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Ai Mon. "It is evident that the SLORC extends a warm welcome to any armed organization returning to the legal fold with sincere heart. All the eight organizations...will work together under the management of the Tatmadaw/SLORC.... They have now become lawful organizations...." -- Review by Col. Than Tun of "the present condition of the National Democratic Front (NDF)" originally formed in 1976 of nine organizations --KNU, Rakhine Liberation Party, Kayinni National Progressive Party, KNLP (Kayan), SSPP (Shan), Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), Palaung People's Liberation Organization (PSLO), Pa-O National Organization (PNO), and Lahu National Unity Party (LNUP). Its membership rose and fell, with addition of the New Mon State Party and the CNF, reaching a new total of 11 members. But with current defections (discussed), "there will be only two or three insurgent groups left as NDF members .... So, the NDF or DAB exists only in name." [photos of documents cited.] (WPD 5/16) NLD Absconder Found Dead May 15: U Si Maung, elected representative of the National league for Democracy in the Pyithu Hluttaw constituency of Lay Myat Hnar-1, died of malaria near Nga Tauk Creek in Lay Myat Hnar Township on Jan. 30, 1991. He had been declared an absconder on Dec. 4, 1990, for his involvement in the parallel government. The authorities found his body in a "makeshift tent." (WPD 5/16) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt's Speech May 21: Addressing Government trade officials, private entrepreneurs, and officials of the Chamber of Commerce, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said [excerpts]: -- "We have been practising market economy to undertake trading freely and independently by giving priority to the path of private economy. No one can deny that our objectives have not achieved as much success as they should although we have practised market economy for two-three years. The prices of commodities are rising gradually on one hand. It is found that the prices have risen three times...[since 1987].... -- "However, under the prevailing circumstances, the public are far from enjoying welfare and convenience. The prices today are soaring due to unscrupulous acts of capitalists and merchants.... -- "There appeared JVC, department stores as well as joint venture activities. The number of companies now is about 4,000.... We gave [JVC's] permission to enable them to carry out brokerage work freely, But we have not achieved our aim of fulfilling the food, clothing and shelter needs of the public. The commodity prices are rising day by day.... -- "We exposed the unscrupulous acts of JVC No 8 and presented the matter three or four weeks ago. Similar malpractise was committed by the JVC No 6 recently.... The malpractices of JVCs are taking place one after another.... -- "There are now nearly 4,000 companies. They do not seem to co-operate for the good of the country but there are a large number of greedy persons involved in the work for importing commodities fetching good prices only for becoming rich over night. They import goods spending US dollars earned from the sale of commodities. These imported goods are sold within the country again... not at the exchange rate legally fixed by the Government but at the blackmarket rate.... -- "For example, prawns are being exported. Various kinds of timber except teak, prawns and pulses and beans are exported. These goods... are to be purchased at the rate of one dollar equivalent to K 60 or K 70 in the blackmarket and so these are to be bought at exorbitant prices in kyats. Now the price of lobster is over K 480 per viss.... So poor people, service personnel and daily wage-earners are not able to buy goods.... -- "Of the prices given to me, some are not correct.... The prices are higher than those.... The price of rice in 1987 was two kyats and twenty pyas per pyi. Now the price of ngakywe is about K 16 and 27 pyas per pyi and the price of emahta is K 12 and 15 pyas per pyi. The prices may be higher than those. -- "The price of cooking oil in 1987 was K 45 and 60 pyas per viss. Now one viss of cooking oil is K 69 and 20 pyas. This is not right. It is rising more than that. The price of palm oil in 1987 was K 42 and now in 1991, it is said to be K 64. No it isn't so, it is rising much higher. -- "The price of dry chilli (short) in 1987 was K 60 per viss. Today, the price given to me is K 131 and 28 pyas.... It is higher than that. The price of dry chilli (long) today is K 108. The price of onion is K 14 and 87 pyas and that of garlic is K 80 and 81 pyas. These are the lowest prices and they may be higher. -- "The price of salt is K 6 and 71 pyas per viss and it is likely to rise higher. The prices of other groceries are also rising excessively. The price of 10 citrons is K 150. That is K 15 each and these prices have never been heard of. The price of fish, meat and chicken is K 139 and that of duck is K 102, pork is K 112, beef is K 92, mutton is K 142. I think these are the least price given me.... There is a likelihood of rising higher. -- "Therefore the prices are very exhorbitant, with the exception of basic foodstuff, rice. It is seen that the prices of other commodities are rising three to four times. The exhorbitant prices are due to some of the joint venture enterprises and companies that have failed to co-operate among themselves...but have only sought to serve their own interests.... -- "In carrying out brokerage work, the cost of services is rather high.... They are made to pay `toll' at the entrance gates in towns. It is seen that they are taking advantage of some unscrupulous service personnel to hike the prices of goods. Moreover, they hoard up goods with the sole intention of reaping good profits and manipulate the prices based on rumours.... -- "The service organizations connected with trade matters such as import and export work, services sector and collection of taxes are taking bribe according to their ranks.... In order to get permit for carrying out enterprises they have to pay the service personnel at different levels. We also know that bribes have to be given to service personnel in charge of scrutinizing import-export entrepreneurs in charge, supervisory work and service personnel who carry out research to scrutinize the quality of goods. Bribes are given according to their positions and ranks.... -- "The prices of commodities cannot come down if the Government merely tells them repeatedly to bring down the prices of commodities.... In giving priority to gain much profit by joint venture corporation, it serves the interests of majority of those who are working abroad; those who are foreigners; and those working in other countries although they are citizens of Myanmar Naing-Ngan; but it does not serve the interests of the majority of the public. -- "The prices of articles sold at joint venture department stores are very high. We cannot afford to buy and use them. Those who are rich can buy them only. Those who are earning money in excess of what they need can buy them, we service personnel cannot do so.... It is time to make changes in these matters.... Don't let yourselves be called capitalists, but be proud to be known as entrepreneurs and economists who work for the welfare of the State and the national people.... -- "If [the traders, entrepreneurs and responsible personnel of the State] neglect the interests of the people and the State and indulge in serving only their own interests and continue to make the economy in the country unstable, our State Law and Order Restoration Council will have to take action severely according to martial law, which we have been stressing time and again." (WPD 5/ 22) Gen. Saw Maung's Speech May 24: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung addressed the closing ceremony of Course 41 at the Command and General Staff College [excerpts]: -- Condolence at death of Rajiv Gandhi. "I remember again the death of Indira Gandhi.... General Ne Win had received an invitation to visit India while he was abroad. At that time the person who took the responsibility of Foreign Minister [U Chit Hlaing] said that Indira Gandhi... herself had invited General Ne Win but that this invitation was useless as Indira Gandhi had passed away.... When he said this, I told Bogyoke that it would be better to make it known to the person concerned.... When Chairman General Ne Win arrived back home...the Chairman said `At that time I would have gone there. The aim of my visit was that I wanted to warn her to take care of her security to avoid unnecessary incident. Now it had taken place. What can I do? Whatever it may be I would go there....' General Ne Win went there without failure...accompanied by General Kyaw Htin. The Minister for Foreign Affairs may have gone along. I think U Lay Maung also went and Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt accompanied him. There they met with Rajiv Gandhi...and offered their condolences. I remember that.... -- Military reminiscences from late 1940s. -- "In about 1984...I was already the Commander-in-Chief...the Indian Amred Forces Chief of Staff General Son Tajee visited our country.... What the General gave us as gifts were mountain artillery. I believe they are now among what is shown to you [corrected, 5/27, from "in the museum"].... What I mean is that when he presented us the gifts. We refused to to take it.... The reason was it was our country's policy that we do not accept any arms and ammunition given to us by any other country free of charge...." -- Reminiscence of border meeting with Indian officers at time of 1970-71 Pakistan-Bangladesh War. -- Buddhist doctrines. Getting rid of inclinations is difficult. "Abandoning inclination of lust and greed, are easier said than done.... -- "We must not forget that we are service personnel today...we are no longer members of any political party. If you ask when all service personnel including Tatmadawmen stopped being members of any political party, that it was 16 September 1988 .... Just in case we...should forget that, Declaration No 1/90, which has the effect of law, was issued by us as a reminder.... [Service personnel] should not allow themselves to be used or influenced or owe their loyalty to any party organization. Some say that the Government is doing politics. There is no denying that. It needs to be understood that the politics we are doing is politics in the interest of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan and all her citizens, and not in the interest of a party or an individual. -- "The problem here is that of the price of commodities. Only the other day, Maj-Gen Khin Nyunt met the people concerned and attempts will be made to overcome this problem.... -- "If [Bogyoke Aung San] were alive and saw what happened in the course of history after Independence, it would really break his heart...." -- Long discussion of electricity. "Buddha's teachings are scientific. What the world today is speaking ofÄÄnuclear, atom and thermo-nuclear--had already been spoken about by Buddha.... All that we are not able to study and fathom, only Buddha has known.... That is why we take Buddha as omniscient and worship Him. You may say `What is he talking about at the graduation ceremony...?' I'm saying it because it's time to do so. We are soldiers, and as such we must fight the insurgents. If need be, we must kill.... We have it in our military jargon, we say `If you're brave, you don't die; even if you die, you don't go to hell', that's because we embrace the dhamma. -- "If you look at our Myanmar Naing-Ngan, we have Myanmar citizens of various national groups, we have associate citizens, we have naturalized citizens, and holders of National Registration Certificates various nationalities [sic]. There is freedom to profess any religion of one's choice in this country. There is no restriction whatsoever on religious pursuit. I have once said that religions are interconnected. In this world of changes there is no need to sow bad blood, for differences among human beings. If law and rules of conduct are adhered to and respected, no problem will arise...." -- Discourses on history. 1937 separation between Burma and India. Recently published books on Myanmar history. History of Command and General Staff College. Officers have also attended staff colleges abroad: 8 in India, 5 in Australia, 11 in England, 1 in Malaysia, and 26 in America. World War II. -- Principles of victory as taught by various armies. Take the offensive. Don't be caught by surprise. Believe you are waging a just war. -- Foreign Policy. Principles of Peaceful Co-existance. -- Election law and regulations reviewed. -- "Today, Myanmar Naing-Ngan is being ruled under Martial Law. Martial Law means the will of the ruler. He can do anything he wishes to do. However, we have carried out matters in accordance with law. Several organizations are lying to us. I know it. But, I will tolerate as long as I can. I am watching out on how long they will continue to lie and cheat. If they continue to behave like this, it amounts to their shaping their own future.... There is no other way except taking action against those who defy the Tatmadaw Government exercising martial law. As for me, I hold in esteem the Five Ultimate Benefactors. For those who have not been true to their words and deeds will accordingly shape their own destinies. That is all what I want to say. They should have realized that by now ...." (WPD 5/24) [Photos of documents relating to address (WPD 5/24-29)] Gen. Than Shwe to ADNG Graduates May 30: Speaking to graduates of Refresher Course No. 2 of the Academy for the Development of National Groups (ADNG)--now upgraded to university status--SLORC Vice-Chairman and Chairman of the Central Committee for Development of Border Areas and National Races Gen. Than Shwe said [excerpts]: -- The Academy "was undisturbed and remained open" during the 1988 disturbances. Afterwards, "we placed administrative affairs of the ADNG under direct control of the SLORC." -- "Arrangements have been made for turning out teachers needed in the far-flung regions.... Improvements have been made for the welfare of the ADNG trainees, such as increasing the stipend and raising allowances.... -- "The SLORC also made contact with ADNG graduate teachers who have not been in contact for many years with their alma mater. We have been able to easily contact some of the over 3,000 ADNG graduates easily [sic]. But we had to overcome difficulties in getting in touch with others. Eventually we organized a reunion of those teachers as quickly as possible. -- "In 1989-90, Special Primare Teacher Training Course No 1 and No 2 of the ADNG, turned out 88 and 52 trainees respectively in addition to 230 graduates of the ADNG for the year.... [They] have been assigned to their respective regions as primary teachers.... -- "Transport and language are the two obstacles in certain far flung areas. In such areas there were schools but no teachers because of ...insurgents.... So, native youths of such areas, though they may not be fully qualified, were selected and then given short-term training courses lasting six months or so. They were then given assignments. We are having success in this program .... -- "In 1990, we organized an excursion of 125 ADNG graduate teachers serving in the border regions. Now, we have conducted refresher courses for over 3,000 ADNG graduate teachers and organized an excursion to Yangon. -- "As the Academy has been upgraded to University for the Development of National Races, the courses will be extended and the number of trainees will be increased beginning this academic year.... -- "The political parties which are aiming to grab State power, foreign periodicals, foreign broadcasting stations, Myanmars who lack patriotic spirits and think highly of the foreign nations and self-seeking businessmen have...[caused] difficulties to the activities being carried out by the Tatmadaw with resolution and cetana.... [They] are sowing discord between the Tatmadaw and the public, through subversion and exaggerated blames neglecting the SLORC's activities.... Some Hluttaw representatives who have been elected at the recent election were found to have recklessly...collaborated with destructive insurgents, as they have not had power handed over to them.... -- "The 1974 Constitution is already null and void.... In order to transfer power and shape the era, it is needed to draft a constitution which can be acceptable to all the nationalities to govern the State .... -- "As service personnel you will have to stay away from party politics. Just being not a member of such party organizations cannot be described as being totally free from party politics. If one makes direct or indirect contact with a certain party and gives speeches and debates on the politicies and activities of that party, one is engaged in party politics.... So, I would like to remind you not to get involved with the concepts of party politics but keep in mind the national politics that will serve the interests of the entire mass of the people.... -- "You, teachers, are advised to educate, disseminate knowledge to and nurture the children while keeping patriotism alive among them so that they will become good pupils ...." (WPD 5/31) ELECTIONS Two Hluttaw Members Ousted Apr. 30: Elections Commission Announcement No. 921 of Apr. 30 canceled the election of U Hla Oo (Kyauktada-1) and U Myint Maung (Einme-2), because "the court concerned has ruled with firm evidence that the above-mentioned persons made contacts with and collaborated with the armed insurgent organizations which formed parallel government to rise up against the State and with members of the said organizations and that they formed organizations to rise up against the State." (WPD 5/2) Party Registration Changes Party registration changes announced by the General Election Commission [recorded by Party as in previous issues, omitting "U"]. (61) Youths' Solidarity Front. Registration cancelled at the request of Party Executive Committee, May 8, 1991. (WPD 5/9) (92) Union of Kachin Youth led by Kachin University Students (UKY). Registration cancelled at the request of Party Executive Committee, May 23, 1991. (WPD 5/24) (217) Arakan People's Democratic Front. Registration cancelled as of May 13, 1991, on grounds that it is "already null and void as the four parties are no longer with the Front." (WPD 5/14) Hluttaw Members Die May 9: U Sai Kyaw Sein has been cancelled as Hluttaw Representative for Mongton [Shan], as he passed away on Apr. 19, 1991. (WPD 5/10) May 22: U Si Maung has been cancelled as Hluttaw Representative for Laymyethna-1 [Ayeyarwady], as he passed away on Jan. 30, 1991. [See also above under NLD Absconder Found Dead.] (WPD 5/23) Hluttaw Candidates Disqualified May 30: Election Commission Announcement No. 927 of May 30, "decides that the following Hluttaw candidates who lost in the election and their election agents are disqualified because they failed to submit the returns of election expenses under Section 88(c) of the Pyithu Hluttaw Election Rules": U Tun Thwin (League for Democracy and Peace--LDP) (Thanbyuzayat-1) [Mon] and election agent U Maung Bwa. Daw Nyunt Nyunt (LDP) (Thabyuzayat-2) and election agent U Min Thein. U Tun Than (LDP) (Thaton-1) [Mon]. Dr. U Sein Win (National Peace and Democracy Party) (Thaton-2) and election agent U San Myint. (WPD 5/ 31) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. May 2: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on Minister for Industry 1 and for Industry 2 Lt-Gen. Sein Aung. (WPD 5/3) May 3: The Chinese Ambassador on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe, and on Chief Justice U Aung Toe. UNDP Resident Representative Gerd Merrem on Minister for Industry 1 and for Industry 2 Lt-Gen. Sein Aung. (WPD 5/4) May 7: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng, and Singapore Charge d'Affaires Lam Peck Heng, on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 5/8) May 8: The Chinese Ambassador on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun, to discuss aircraft and aviation affairs. (WPD 5/9) May 9: Singapore Charge d'Affaires Lam Peck Heng on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun, to discuss aviation and friendly relations. Korean Ambassador Hang Kyung Kim on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 5/10) May 10: The Korean Ambassador on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (WPD 5/11) May 16: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint. (WPD 5/17) May 17: The Chinese Ambassador on State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung, on Minister for Construction and for Co-operatives Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw, and on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. UNDP Resident Representative Gerd Merrem on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. Philippine Ambassador Mrs. Rosalinda V. Tirona on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 5/18) May 21: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on Attorney-General U Tha Tun. UNDP Resident Representative Gerd Merrem on Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint. (WPD 5/22) May 22: The UNDP Resident Representative, accompanied by Assistant ResRep Ms. Flavia Pansieri, on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss UNDP projects and preparation for the VI Country Programme. (WPD 5/23) May 23: Malaysian Ambassador Sallehuddin bin Abdullah on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 5/24) May 24: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss "matters relating to aviation, flight extension of Myanma Airways...." May 27: Indian Military Attache Col. Arun Kumar Chopra on Commander-in-Chief (Air) Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. (WPD 5/28) Attaches Visit Beach May 12: Military Attaches of embassies in Yangon [not identified] were flown to Chaungtha Beach, near Pathein, for a May 9-12 "rest and recreation visit." (WPD 5/13) Indian Condolence Book May 23: The Indian Embassy opened a condolence book on the assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Attorney-General U Tha Tun signed on behalf of the Myanmar Government. (WPD 5/24) Nigerian Ambassador Approved May 24: The Myanmar Government approved the nomination of Mr. Ernest O. Adefemiwa as Nigerian Ambassador to Myanmar. Ambassador Adefemiwa was born July 4, 1942, in Ondo State, Nigeria, and studied at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria and the University of Dakar in Senegal. He joined the Foreign Service in 1966, and served in Nigeria and at Nigerian Missions abroad. He will be resident in New Delhi, where he is accredited as High Commissioner. He is married with two children. (WPD 5/ 24) Chinese Ambassador Approved May 30: The Myanmar Government has approved the nomination of Mr. Liang Feng as Chinese Ambassador to Myanmar. Ambassador Liang was born in May 1932 in Guangdon Province. Following graduation from university, he has served as Attache in Viet Nam, Deputy Division Chief in the Second Department of Asian Affairs at the Foreign Ministry, Deputy Division Chief, Division Chief, and Deputy Director-General of the Department of Asian Affairs, Counsellor of Embassy in Bangkok, and Ambassador to Senegal and the Gambia. He is currently Ambassador to Laos. (WPD 5/30) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops and Courses May 2: The Myanmar Naing-Ngan UNESCO National Commission held its meeting 2/91 ath the Universities Central Council hall. In addition to Myanmar officials, the meeting included UNDP Resident Representative Mr. Gerd Merrem and UNESCO Advisors Dr. Antoine and Dr. Rupert MacLean. (WPD 5/3) May 7: A workshop on energy planning, sponsored by the Ministry of Energy, ESCAP, and UNDP, opened at the Department of Medical Research. Myanmar is cooperating with the two agencies to organize two activities ÄÄ"one on natural gas planning and the other on MEDEE-S energy demand forcasting." The workshop will last from May 7-13. The opening was addressed by Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, UN Resident Representative Gerd Merrem, and ESCAP Economic Affairs Officer (from Thailand) P. Chandra Sada. (WPD 5/8) // May 13: The workshop concluded with presentation of certificates to 17 trainees. (WPD 5/14) May 15: A 2-day workshop on Safe Motherhood co-sponsored by the Myanmar Medical Association and UNICEF opened at the Association Hall, with 20 participants. (WPD 5/16) Myanmar Donations May 8: Myanmar will donate 500 tons of rice to Bangladesh "in a gesture of sympathetic consideration to the great loss of life and property in Bangladesh due to the cyclone...." (WPD 5/9) May 18: U Kyaw Win, former head of the English Department at Yangon University, and others, donated a bronze Buddha image to Laos on May 6. (WPD 5/19) May 25: "108 sets of Thingan (Sacred Robes), 14 string belts, and K23,000" were donated "for members of Sangha from Laos and Cambodia." (WPD 5/26) Latrine Project Finished May 15: The fly-proof latrine utilization project in Oktwin Twp. [Bago] was completed, with a ceremony attended by Myanmar officials and UNICEF Assistant Project Manager Mr. Prasat. (WPD 5/16) Foreign Donations May 14: Korean Ambassador Hang Kyung Kim handed over 50 sets of Taekwondo Sports Clothes, 10 sets of Taekwondo Protect and 10 pieces of Mitt, donated by the World Taekwondo Federation in Korea to the Sports and Physical Education Department. (WPD 5/25) [See below, under Meiktila Fire Relief, for foreign donations to the fire victims.] FOREIGN VISITORS International Organizations May 17: Dr. Monica Sharma, UNICEF Adviser, accompanied by UNICEF Resident Representative Rolf C. Carriere, called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 5/17) May 28: Mr. Jean-Michel Monod, Asia and Pacific Region Director-General of the International Red Cross, called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 5/29) // May 29: An agreement on the second year of the posthesis [sic] programme was signed with the Myanmar Red Cross and the Ministries of Defence and Health. (WPD 5/30) // May 30. Mr. Monod called on State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (WPD 5/31) May 29: Mr. Gregory Wood and Mr. Alan Lee, members of the transport delegation of the World Bank, called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss "all-round transport study programmes" being undertaken with UNDP assistance. (WPD 5/30) May 30: Mr. Vibul Aunsnunta, Executive Director of the World Bank, called on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, and on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun, and on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 5/31) Business Visitors May 2: Mr. S.Y. Roh, Chairman of Seoul Air International Ltd., called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss "giving of training by Myanmar pilot instructors to pilots from the Republic of Korea in Myanmar...major repairing of aircraft...for Asia and Pacific Region based in Myanmar... under a mutually beneficial co-operation between the two countries ...." (WPD 5/3) May 2: A delegation from Soviet Aviaexport consisting of Deputy Director-General Mr. F.N. Myasnikov and Director Mr. Y.N. Filline called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss "substitution of Soviet made AN-32 aircraft in place of present F-27 aircraft in Myanmar...and purchase of TU-154 passenger aircraft and MI-17 helicopters from USSR." (WPD 5/3) May 14: Managing Director Mr. Li Shanghui and Project Manager Mr. Xu Wen of China National Aero-Technology Import and Export Corporation, accompanied by Embassy Economic Counsellor Mr. Zhang Yong Zhi, called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss bilateral aviation matters. (WPD 5/15) May 14: The Vice President of OECF of Japan, Mr. T. Oyake, called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss economic co-operation. (WPD 5/15) May 15: Vice President Mr. Gil-Yong Um of the Daewoo Corporation of Korea called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss the purchase of railway coaches, passenger buses, and telephones from Daewoo, and joint ship-building in Myanmar. (WPD 5/16) Japanese Diet Member May 2: Mr. Tatsuo Ozawa, member of the Japanese Diet and Chairman of the Japan-Myanmar Parliamentarians' League, accompanied by Economic Affairs Adviser Mr. Yasuo Miyata arrived. (WPD 5/3) // May 3: He called on State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt, and donated 5,000 mosquito nets for Meiktila fire victims. He also called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 5/4) // May 4: He left. (WPD 5/5) Malaysian Public Services May 6: Mr. Datuk Hj Omar b Mohd Hashim of Public Services Section Board of Malaysia and his party called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 5/7) Cypriot Official May 12: Mr. Tassos Panavides, Permanent Secretary of the Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs, arrived on a "friendly visit," accompanied by Cyprus Ambassador to Myanmar Theophilos V. Theophilou. (WPD 5/13) // May 14: They left, after talks with Foreign Ministry and Trade officials and with the Myanma Hotels and Tourism Services. (WPD 5/15) Visiting Sayadaws May 12: A ceremony honoring Presiding Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Tiggawa of Makudarama Monastery, Colombo, Sri Lanka, was held. (WPD 5/13) May 14: Reprint of article from the Apr. 14, 1991, Sunday Observer [of Sri Lanka] on visit to Myanmar by Ven. Prof. Dr. Walpola Sir Rahula Maha Thera, Chancellor of the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka, in Feb. 1991. (WPD 5/14) Academic Visitors May 13: Prof. Lani Stephenson of Cornell University will lecture May 18 at the Myanmar Medical Association on "the effect of intestinal worm infections on the health of children." (WPD 5/14) // May 18: He gave the lecture. (WPD 5/19) May 15: Mme. Denise Bernot, Professor of Myanmar Language at the Paris Institute of Oriental Languages and Culture, called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. She is gathering materials for a Myanmar-French dictionary. Scholar exchange was also discussed. (WPD 5/16) French Economic Mission May 27: The French economic mission met at City Hall with Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay to discuss "distribution of water, roads, bridges, buildings and sanitation work of Yangon." Present were Myanmar officials and "11 representatives from the member companies of French economic mission." (WPD 5/28) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations May 4: Deputy Director Dr. Daw Tin Aye of the Medical Research Department left for India to attend an inter-country workshop on Promotion of Polymerase chain Reaction in Diagnosis of Infections, Genetic Disorders, and Degenerative Diseases, sponsored by the WHO. (WPD 5/5) May 6: Staff Officer U Hla Baw of the Irrigation Department left for Japan to attend a 6-month management course on dam water distribution under a Japanese Government grant. (WPD 5/7) May 8: A 7-member delegation headed by Managing Director U Nyunt Maung of the Myanma Farms Enterprise left to study poultry and pig breeding work in Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia. (WPD 5/9) // May 19: The delegation returned. (WPD 5/20) May 13: Principal Daw Tin Mar Yi of Sagaing Technical High School, and Principal U Than Tun of the Dimawso Agricultural and Livestock Breeding High School left for Manila to attend a seminar on International Management, Planning and Management Information Systems to be held under Colombo Plan auspices. Assistant lecturer Daw Khin San Yi of the Monywa College Botany Department, and demonstrator Daw Yi Yi Win of Yangon University (Botahtaung campus) left for Israel to attend an advanced training course on Photosynthesis and Algal Bio-technology under an Israel government grant. Assistant Superviser U Zaw Win of No. 9 Sunn Ye Inn Plantation in Singaing Twp. [Mandalay] of Myanma Farms Enterprise left for Germany for a six-week course on Ruminent Nutrition in the Tropics. Director U Ohn Maung and engineer U Soe Naing of the Technical, Agricultural and Vocational Education Department left May 11 on a three-week study tour to Sweden, Britain, and Singapore to study teaching aids. (WPD 5/14) May 26: Lab Technician U Maung Maung Khin of the Medical Research Department left for the United States to attend a training course on purification of HBs Ag, under UNDP auspices. (WPD 5/27) May 28: A group of customs officials led by Director-General of Customs Department U Khin Nyein left May 26 for Korea, Australia, and Sri Lanka to study customs work. (WPD 5/ 29) May 29: A group of historical research officers led by Prof. U Tun Aung Chein of the Department of History, Yangon University, left for China and Singapore to study "the evidences of historical research" at the invitation of Beijing University and the Department of South-East Asian Study of Singapore. Other delegation members are Prof. Daw Ohn Kyi (2) of the Department of History, Magway Degree College; Director (Research) Daw Ni Ni Myint, and Senior Research Officers Daw Khin Khin Kha and U Thein Hlaing of the Department of History, Yangon University. (WPD 5/30) Delegations to Meetings May 2: A delegation left for Geneva to attend the May 6-17 44th Conference of the World Health Organization. It comprised Yangon Mayor U Ko Lay, Deputy Yangon Division Health Director Dr. Daw Yi Yi Thein, and Health Department Assistant Director Dr. Ohn Kyaw. Dr. Tin Oo had already left Apr. 29 to attend the meeting of the Consultation Committee on Tuberculosis meeting May 2-3. The WHO delegation is headed by Myanmar Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva U Tin Kyaw, and includes Deputy Permanent Representative U Win Mra and Third Secretary U Win Naing. (WPD 5/3) // May 20: The delegation returned. (WPD 5/21) May 6: Director-General U Tin Pe of the Basic Education Department left May 4 for Thailand to attend the Sixth Session of the Advisory Committee on Regional Co-operation in Education in Asia and the Pacific, May 6-10, sponsored by UNESCO. (WPD 5/7) May 6: Attorney-General U Tha Tun, Chairman of the Bar Council, accompanied by Director-General of the Supreme Court U Aung Myin left for Seoul, Korea to attend the May 9-10 Second Conference of Chairmen of Bar Councils in Asia Region. (WPD 5/7) // May 16: They returned. (WPD 5/17) May 24: A Red Cross Youth delegation led by Commander (Second Class) of Kachin State Red Cross Brigade U Ganness left for the Red Cross Youth Camping in Kuching, Malaysia. Other members were Red Cross Platoon Sergeant Aung Kyaw Moe of Pa-an, Kayin State and Taunggyi Township Red Cross Brigade member Mo Mo Kyi. (WPD 5/25) Delegations Return Return of delegations whose departure was announced in previous months: Apr. 30: Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun returned from the 12th Asia and Pacific Labour Ministers Conference in China. (WPD 5/1) May 1: The Myanmar delegation to the Guanzhou Spring Trade Fair, led by Managing Director U Win Kyi of Myanma Export and Import Services, returned. (WPD 5/2) May 5: The observer delegation to the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee headed by Supreme Court Judge U Myo Htun Lynn, returned from Cairo. (WPD 5/6) May 13: The delegation to the United Nations Commission for Human Settlements headed by Minister for Construction and for Co-operatives Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw, returned from Zimbabwe. (WPD 5/14) Delegation to China May 9: A delegation led by Foreign Ministry Political Affairs Director-General U Ohn Gyaw, and including 6 officials from the Centgral Drug Abuse Committee and 3 from Foreign Affairs and Public Works, left for China to attend a seminar in drug control in Beijing. U Ohn Gyaw will also discuss and sign contracts for the construction of two bridges across the river at the Myanmar-Chinese border. (WPD 5/10) // May 25: The delegation returned. The bridge construction contract was signed with Deputy Foreign Minister Mr. Qi Huai Yuan on May 11, and a drug control agreement with Deputy Security Minister Mr. Gu Lin Fang and UNIDCP Acting Chairman Mr. G. Giacomelli on May 14. (WPD 5/26) Agriculture Minister to China May 15: A delegation headed by Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe left to study agriculture, fisheries, and forestry in Yunnan, China, and in the Philippines. The delegation includes Director U Hla Pe of the Myanma Timber Enterprise, Managing Director U Tin Hlaing of Myanma Agriculture Service, Assistant Director U Tin Htut Oo of the Agriculture Planning and Statistics Department, Director General U Tin Maung of the Livestock Planning and Statistics Department, No. 11 Light Infantry Division Commander Col. Nyunt Tin, and Capt. Thaik Toe. The delegation will be joined in the Philippines by Director General Dr. Myint Thein of the Agriculture Planning and Statistics Department. (WPD 5/16) // May 27: The delegation returned. (WPD 5/28) MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments The SLORC made the following appointments, on probation: May 2: U Soe Thin, General Manager, to be Managing Director, Myanma Agricultural Products Trading, Ministry of Trade. (WPD 5/3) May 8: U Kyaw Lwin, Director, Religious Affairs Department, to be Director-General, Department for Promotion and Propagation of Sasana, Ministry of Home and Religious Affairs. (WPD 5/9) May 15: U Aye Thwin, Principal of the Academy for the Development of National Groups to be Rector, University for the Development of National Races. (WPD 5/16) May 22: Dr. Maung Kyaw, Deputy Director-General, to be Director-General, Health Department, Ministry of Health. (WPD 5/23) May 29: Col. Aung Thein (BC-10962), Tactical Operation Commander of the 33rd Light Infantry Division, to be Director-General, General Administration Department, Ministry of Home & Religious Affairs. (WPD 5/30) Appointments Confirmed The SLORC confirmed the following appointments, after one year's probation: May 15: Thura U Aung Htet as Director General, Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. U Soe Tha as Managing Director, Myanma Posts and Telecommunications. U Ohn Maung as Director-General, Meteorology and Hydrology Department, Ministry of Transport and Communications. U Shwe Tin as Principal, Institute of Marine Technology, Ministry of Transport and Communications. U Sann Wai as Managing Director, Myanma Five Star Shipping, Ministry of Transport and Communications. (WPD 5/16, correction 5/17) May 29: U Saw Aye Ko as Director-General, Co-operatives Department, Ministry of Co-operatives. (WPD 5/ 30) GOVERNMENT Service Personnel and Politics Apr. 30: State LORC Order No. 1/91 of Apr. 30, the Order Relating to the Conduct of Service Personnel so as to be free from party politics, reads [text]: 1. After the assumption of all responsibilities of the State, the State Law and Order Restoration Council in changing the political system of the country in accorance with the desire of the public from a single party system to a multi-party system have abolished laws which have protected the single party system and have paved the way by enacting necessary laws. 2. Prior to the assumption of responsibility by the [SLORC], the previous Council of State had prohibited, by issuing Declaration No. 14/88 dated 16-9-88 that as public servants owe allegience to the Stte they should perform only their public duty and in keeping with the tradition upheld in the multi-party system service personnel should not be members of any political party. 3. In the existing Government Servants' conduct Rules it is provided that service personnel:-- (a) should not engage in any party politics. Moreover, they should not give financial assistance or assistance in any other manner to party political activities; (b) should not participate in any party political organization; (c) shall also prevent their dependents and those under their guardianship and protection from participating either directly or indirectly in all activities which are against the State Government; (d) shall not participate in an association, organization, union, etcetera relating to service personnel, which are formed not in accordance with the conditions prescribed from time to time by the State Government. 4. Consequently members of the Defence Forces such as the Pyithu Tatmadaw and the People's Police Force, service personnel from the Departments, service personnel from the State-owned Economic Enterprises and service personnel enjoying salary from State Finances shall conduct themselves so as to be entirely free from party politics in accordance with the stipulations mentioned in above paragraph 3. Service Personnel who violate this Order shall have action taken against them effectively in accordance with law. 5. This Order shall have the force of law. By Order Sd/Khin Nyunt Major-General Secretary (1) The State Law and Order Restoration Council. (WPD 5/1) May Day Message May 1: Text of State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's Message to Workers: To all the esteemed masses of the workers. May 1, 1991 is the Workers Day observed in honour of the mental and physical workers of the whole of the Union of Myanmar. I send this message to the masses of workers, greeting you with love and respect, on this auspicious day. As the mental and physical workers are those who are fulfilling the food, clothing and shelter as well as the social needs of all the people residing in the Union of Myanmar, they play the primary role in bringing about the progress and development of the nation. The life of the workers who possess physical strength, mental ability and `cetana' (goodwill) as their capital investment and who meet the needs of society by the strength of their labour is noble--a life which enables them to earn their livelihood as well as good merit, as a saying goes. The mental and physical workers who generally possess such pure and noble honour and characteristics need to take care not to get their noble and pure life tainted and sullied. Not giving their full labour power, shirking, violating worksite rules, causing loss and wastage to both raw materials and finished products, causing damage to the means of production including machinery through negligence, giving or taking of bribes, being haughty and high-handed in dealing with the people while doing their work, spreading of rumours and carrying out whispering campaigns among the service personnel as directed by political parties and organizations are causes that sully and stain the noble and pure life of the mental and physical workers. Therefore, the entire masses of workers including service personnel need to have a clear view of their inherent national political activities which they carry out in the interest of the entire masses of the people in whatever role they have to play and they also need to perform their duties and responsibilities precisely, correctly and swiftly and with `cetana' and keen interest so as to achieve full success. As a matter of fact, ours is a country which is rich in natural resources both above and underground and which has a fine climate; as such, if all the citizens work with zeal, diligence and perseverence and with the correct attitude of properly serving both the interests of others and their own, it is certain that ours will become a prosperous nation very quickly. As construction work is being undertaken in the economic and social fields with greater momentum under the leadership and guidance of the State Law and Order Restoration Council, it is necessary for the masses of mental and physical workers in the whole of the country to give the best of their services with `cetana', diligence and perserverence and with might and main. Construction and repair work that has been carried out during the period the State Law and Order Restoration Council is undertaking the duties and responsibilities of the State can be seen in every region of the country. The construction of roads, bridges, parks, schools, hospitals, dispensaries, pagodas, monasteries, rest-houses and "tazaungs" which the State Law and Order Restoration Council is undertaking, spending tens and hundreds of millions' of kyats amounts to investments for bringing about development and ensuring social welfare of the entire masses of people inclusive of the workers and the peasants of the country. I urge all the workers to safeguard and protect, together with the entire masses of the people, the fruits of the construction work so that they will never be destroyed. Since priority is being especially given, at present, in striving to bring about the development of the border areas where our brothers and sisters of various national races live, the people of the national races who are relatively more developed need to also give priority to rendering every assistance to the work being carried out for the development of the regions. The State Law and Order Restoration Council will convene a national convention when basically necessary preparations have been completed in accordance with Declaration 1/90, and after that it will continue to strive for drafting and promulgating a constitution. After the emergence of a strong constitution, it will systematically undertake the transfer of State power in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. Since these are very important programmes of work for the State, it is necessary for the masses of workers to take active part in the endeavours to implement these programmes stage by state. I emphatically urge the masses of the mental and physical workers to continue to preserve and uphold the historic traditions of the anti-fascist, anti-imperialist and national liberation struggles while joining hands with the Tatmadaw as builders and defenders of the State to implement with might and main the genuine national objectives of the State Law and Order Restoration Council, namely:-- -- non-disintegration of the Union, -- non-disintegration of national solidarity, and -- ensuring perpetuity of national sovereignty. (WPD 5/1) Police Medals Awarded May 1: SLORC Notification No. 23/ 91 of May 1 awards the People's Police Joint Combat Medals to 71 retired and 881 in service PPF members [list not published]. (WPD 5/1) National Races University Law May 10: SLORC Law No. 9/91 of May 10, the University for the Development of the National Races of the Union Law, establishes such a University [full text published]. Chapter III, Aims of the University, provides: "The aims of the University are as follows:-- (a) to strengthen the Union spirit in the national races of the Union while residing in a friendly atmosphere and pursuing education at the University; (b) to preserve and understand the culture and good custom [sic] and traditions of the national races of the Union; (c) to promote the spirit of desiring to serve in order to raise the standard of living of the national races of the Union; (d) to raise the quality of leadership and efficiency in carrying out the development of the national races of the Union; (e) to infuse the spirit of desiring to carry out works of research with a view to the success of the measures for the development of the national races of the Union; (f) to produce good educational personnel who are free from party politics and who are of good moral character; (g) to keep alive and promote the spirit of desiring to preserve the causes of non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and ensuring the perpetuity of the sovereignty of the State." The University may give examinations and award University and post-graduate degrees, diplomas, etc., establish rules and discipline, conduct extra-curricular activities and study tours, etc. It shall have a University Council appointed by the SLORC. (WPD 5/11) The University Council will from a University Academic Body, to operate the academic functions of the University, and a University Administrative Body, to handle administrative and disciplinary matters. (WPD 5/12) May 11: State LORC Order No. 2/91 of May 11 establishes the following University Council for the new institution: Chairman: Commander of North-West Command. Vice Chairman: U Aung Thein, Member, Public Services Selection and Training Board (PSSTB). Members (15 plus): U Myo Swe, member of PSSTB; Sagaing Division LORC Vice Chairman; Director of People's Relations and Psychological Warfare; Director of People's Militia and Territorial Force; Director-General (DG) of Higher Education; DG of Basic Education; DG of PSSTB; DG of Public Service Affairs; DG of Health Manpower; DG of Technical, Agricultural and Vocational Education; Rector of Yangon University; Rector of Mandalay University; Rector of Institute of Education (Yangon); Rector of University for the Development of the National Races of the Union (UDNRU); and "citizens associated with Education and selected by the Commander (especially from the National Races." Secretary: Deputy Rector of the UDNRU. Joint Secretary: Head of the Administrative Department, UDNRU. (WPD 5/12) May 11: State LORC Order No. 3/91 of May 11 designates the Public Services Selection and Training Board to administer implementation of the University for the Development of the National Races of the Union Law. (WPD 5/12) MILITARY Insurgent Attacks May 11: Five KNU insurgents on May 7 entered Kya-inn Village, Hpa-an Twp. [Kayin] and fired on U Sein Kyi's house, killing three people and wounding another three. (WPD 5/ 12) May 26: 40 KNU and ABSDF insurgents on May 18 entered Pawutkon Village, Palaw Twp. [Tanintharyi], burned 16 houses, and stole K60,000, gold jewellery, and other items. (WPD 5/27) Insurgents Surrender May 6: A "company commander" and nine other members of the No. 601 battalion of ABSDF insurgents "discarded the armed struggle line and returned to the legal fold giving themselves up at Taunggyi Tatmadaw Camp on 29 April with the help of PNO (Pa-O National Organization) [names and ranks]." (WPD 5/7) May 27: Between Apr. 1-11, 23 insurgents surrendered, with their arms [names and details]. (WPD 5/28) May 28: Between Apr. 12-21, 26 insurgents surrendered, with their arms [names and details]. (WPD 5/29) May 29: Between Apr. 22-30, 26 insurgents surrendered, with their arms [names and details]. (WPD 5/30) Palaung Defectors May 3: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt met May 2 in Lashio with Palaung national leaders led by U Ai Mong who have returned to the legal fold. He said [excerpts]: "After hearing news that the Palaung armed organization led by U Ai Mong, U Nyi Lon, U Lwe Sai and other leaders have returned to the legal fold the [SLORC] has in mind plans for your future. We extend a warm welcome to any armed organization that returns to the legal fold. We then implement the development projects for the region concerned.... "Kokang nationals, Wa nationals, Shan and Akha nationals, some Kachin nationals and finally Pa-O nationals who have returned to the legal fold have faith in and rely on the [SLORC] and the Tatmadaw.... "As the Palaung nationals have also placed themselves under the management of the Tatmadaw and the SLORC, we have to work out the plans for the future.... "The point is that internal insurgency will be gradually put to an end.... We understand that Palaung nationals have now returned to the legal fold because they have faith in the SLORC and the Tatmadaw. "Therefore, there are some still some national races left. For example there is the region of the Kayin nationals in the southern sector and that of Kachin nationals in the northern sector. There are the KNU insurgents and the KIA insurgents in these regions. They have their own stands. They became insurgents together with the independence on their own volition and not due to the Tamadaw. The insurgency has existed since the time of that political government.... "We must attack and crush any organization which is carrying out armed insurgency within the country.... Therefore, if these organizations accept the stand and attitude of our Tatmadaw and the [SLORC] and regurn to the legal fold with sincerity, we will always welcome them with open arms.... "From today onwards, the Palaung nationals whom we call Shwe-palaung and Ngwe-palaung, but Ta-ang Palaung as called by the Palaung nationals will be called Ta-ang Palaungs. They should realize that their region has now been opened to the golden and silver paths of development.... "I wish to clearly state that we would welcome with open arms any organization, the KIA organization and the KNU organization, if they have faith in our Tatmadaw and the [SLORC] and return to the legal fold with sincerity...." In response, PSLA leader U Ai Mong said [excerpts]: "After analyzing the policy and activities of the Tatmadaw Government, we, PSLA members, have found out that they bring benefits to the national groups of the Union. So, a conference of the PSLA commandants was held in order to co-operate with SLORC leaders in nation-construction work.... "Following the unanimous decisions, a preliminary group of the PSLA was sent on 20-4-91 for peace negotiations which were held on 23-4-91. We terminated relations with the NDF/DAB informing them of the PSLA withdrawal by telegrams on 2-4-91 [sic]. We did the same to the other unlawful organizations. We hereby declare that our group is no longer a member of the NDF, the DAB or other unlawful organizations.... "The PSLA has complete faith in the SLORC Government.... "The PSLA came into being at the same time with the emergences of Shan State armed revolution...as the PNF on 12 January, 1963. The PNF comprised two battalions--Nos 5 and 6 battalions. No 5 battalion disintegrated owing to various reasons. the PNF was reorganized into PSLO and then into PSLA on 14 February, 1976. On 23 October, 1984, the PSLO was transformed into the PSLP. "The objectives of the PSLA were: (1) To oppose chauvinism and narrow-minded racialism; (2) To have equality; (3) To consolidate national unity; and (4) To have genuine autonomy. However, the conditions have changed for the better today...." [Photos of Palaung leaders U Ai Mong, U Myi Lone, and U Lwe Sai] (WPD 5/4) Insurgent Groups Legalized May 14: SLORC Announcement No. 2/91 of May 14, the Cancellation of Unlawful Association Announcement, cancels, as of the dates specified, the earlier designation of certain groups as unlawful under the Unlawful Associations Act, namely: Myanmar National Democracy Alliance (MNDA)--as of Mar. 31, 1989. Myanmar National Solidarity Party (MNSP)--as of May 9, 1989. National Democracy Alliance Army Military and Local Administration Committee (Eastern Shan State) (NDAA)--as of June 30, 1989. Shan State Army (SSA)--as of Sept. 24, 1989. New Democratic Army (Kachin) (NDA) --as of Dec. 15, 1989. Kachin Defence Army (KDA)--as of Jan. 11, 1991. Pa-O National Organization (PNO)--as of Feb. 18, 1991. Palaung State Liberation Party (PSLP)--as of Apr. 21, 1991. [See above, under Press Conference, for discussion of measure] (WPD 5/ 15) ECONOMIC Economic Articles May 1,10,13: A Study Tour of Forests: "Inexhaustible Myanmar Forests", by Soe Tin Win. [Cont. (2-4) Visit to teak plantation in Pyay Twp.] May 2,15,28: A milestone in the history of Myanma Railways: Shwenyuang-Lawksawk railway line inaugurated, by Tun Aung. [(1-3) Attendance at ceremony on Mar. 26; account of construction.] May 3,16,22: Construction and renovation work in Tanintharyi Division, by Saw Thura. [Cont. (5-7) "Turning Dawei {Tavoy} into a capital town of the Division."] May 3: Joint ventures should function properly, by Duwun Kyai. [Irregularities in JVC-8 reviewed.] May 4,6: Myanmar-NC Woodwork Co Ltd.: First joint-venture undertaking on the move, by Khin Maung Myint. [Visit to the factory, which makes hardwood parquet floors and panelled doors, made from pyinkado and padauk wood.] May 7,11,17,19: Mohnyin Township's efforts to grasp natural energy, by Aung Chit. [Implementing the Gahlaing Creek Hydro Electric Power Project.] May 8: Diamond; a new member of our gems family, by Nyan Thin {Prof. of Geology, University of Mawlamyine}. [Since 1960's diamonds have been found near Kyeindaw village, Momeik Twp. Process of mining, grading, cutting, etc.] May 12,26-27,31: Construction Activities throughout the Country: Kalewa, a beautiful town, by Kyi Hlaing and Nyunt Aung. [(1-4) Visit to Kalewa in March.] May 17: Impressive results in development of border areas & national races, by An Observer. [Summary of border projects.] May 17,20: Attractive Myanmar gems, by Thein Aye Ko. [Cont. from April. Interviews with private entrepreneurs engaged in joint-venture gem mining.] May 21,24: Yangon Garment Manufacturing Co. Ltd.: A joint-venture undertaking bearing fruit, by Soe Tin Win. [Since it was opened in June 1990, it has produced 327,160 trousers and skirts worth US$2,334,000, and has exported 320,727 garments worth US$2,293,000 to the United States. On the domestic market, it has sold 11,886 garments worth K1,725,000. Foreign investment was US$1 million by Value Industries Ltd. of Hong Kong.] May 23,29: Construction and Renovation Work in Chaungzon Township: Projects for beautifying Bilugyun or Chaungzon Township, by Kyaw Sein. [(1-2) Development projects in Chaungzon {Mon}.] Advertisements PEPSI - 7-UP [logos] THE CHOICE OF A NEW GENERATION PEPSI-COLA PRODUCTS MYANMAR LTD. 336, PYAY ROAD, YANGON, MYANMAR. TEL: 31991/33946 (WPD 5/2 etc.] ----- ANNOUNCEMENT MYANMA FRITZ WERNER INDUSTRIES CO. LTD. Sales Exhibition will be held at PAYIN ROOM INYA LAKE HOTEL for Lathe machines, Shaping machines, Drilling machines, and various kinds of Electric Power Tools on the following dates. 14th May 1991 -- 12:00 Noon to 4 P.M. 15th May 1991 & 16th May 1991 -- 9. A.M. to 4 P.M. All interested Patrons are cordially invited. Please come to see and inspect the machines to buy and place order. For Enquiry Phone: 62594 62868 (WPD 5/11, etc.) ----- MCC SPECIAL COMPUTER SALES * 8088 XT Computers, 80286 AT Computers, EPSON Printers, HP Laser JET III Printer, BROTHER Electronic Typewriter, Toner for Laser Printer, DD & HD Floppy Disk (5.25", 3.5"), Disk Drive, Cleaning Kit, Printer Ribbons, Electronic Typewriter Ribbons and Correction Tape, Printer Cable, Dust Cover, Printer Stand, Printer Paper and Media... * Quick Printing, Type Setting and Desk Top Publishing Service (Both Myanmar and English Languages) * Available at--Stationery, Printing & Photographic Stores, Shop No (5) (AVA HOUSE), 232, Sule Pagoda Road, Yangon. PH: 83969. (WPD 5/16 etc.) ----- MCC WHAT'S YOUR REQUIREMENT PURCHASE! MAINTENANCE! TRAINING! DATA PROCESSING! REPAIR! INSTALLATION! RENT! MCC WILL FULFIL IT MYANMA COMPUTER COMPANY LTD. 317 Mahabandoola Street, Yangon Ph: 83969 (WPD 5/28, etc.) Joint Ventures May 17: Deputy Director of Intelligence Services Col. Than Tun, on behalf of the National Intelligence Bureau, warned officers of Joint Venture Corporation No. 6 "in connection with malpractices by some Executive Committee members..., theft of fuel oil owned by the State and illegal sale of it by service personnel of fuel bowsers." Alleged crimes spelled out in detail. (WPD 5/18) Construction Projects May 2: A K27,000 dispensary and two other buildings were inaugurated Apr. 27 in Mongsi region. A TV relay station was commissioned May 1 in Myeik [Mergui]. (WPD 5/3) May 4: Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint and State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo inaugurated the new 14-mile Kamma-Pyagyi road [Magway]. On May 1, the Muse Motel of the Restaurant & Beverage Enterprise was inaugurated in Muse [Shan]. (WPD 5/5) May 5: On May 1, the Zarthabyin village suspension bridge was inaugurated in Hpa-an Twp. [Kayin]. On May 5, the new library of the Institute of Education Practising School in Yangon, built since 1989 at a cost of K1.2 million, was handed over. (WPD 5/6) May 9: A new Central Fire Services Station was inaugurated in Mandalay. Water distribution began on Dalla Twp. [Yangon] on an experimental basis, using 8-inch steel pipes across the Yangon River bed from Keighley Jetty. "People in Dalla were reported to be overjoyed to get drinking water." A telephone exchange was inaugurated Apr. 22 in Namyun Myo [Sagaing]. A K2.7 million 16-bed hospital and a new high school building were inaugurated in Maukmai Twp. [Shan] on Apr. 29. (WPD 5/10) May 13: A telephone exchange was commissioned May 5 in Mawlamyine [Mon]. (WPD 5/14) May 18: Bridge No. 3/83 was inaugurated in Mongshu Twp. [Shan] on Apr. 25. A new 25-bed hospital was opened May 18 in Kawhmu Twp. [Yangon]. An auto-telephone exchange was commissioned May 12 in Muse [Shan]. (WPD 5/19) May 19: SLORC Vice Chairman Gen. Than Shwe visited the new 36-mile Mawlamyinegyunn-Kyaiklat-Maubin road in Ayeyarwady Division. (WPD 5/20) May 20: The new out-patient building at the Workers' Hospital, Kyaikkasan Road [Yangon] was opened. (WPD 5/21) May 21: Myanma Shipyards signed a contract to build two ocean-going patrol boats for the Customs Department. The boats will be 110 feet long, 22 feet in breadth, and with a draft of 12.5 feet. They will have two 1,000 HP engines, and cruise at 20 knots. Myanma Shipyards is also constructing 4 log carriers and one push boat for Myanma Timber Enterprise, and a 60-ton Z-craft and another 150-ton Z-craft for Inland Water Transport, all to be ready this fiscal year. Discussions are under way for the construction of five log carriers for Myanma Timber Enterprise. (WPD 5/22) May 26: A new 11 KV electric power line was commissioned May 23 at Twintaung, Budalin Twp. [Sagaing]. (WPD 5/27) May 28: A new airport building was opened at Magway airport on May 24. 90'x53'x12', it cost K2.95 million and is air conditioned. (WPD 5/29) May 29: "Measures for building the Aungban-Loikaw railway, that will link Shan State with Kayah State, were discussed at the meeting held at the Eastern Command meeting hall on 27 May." The Bonzon bridge on the Haka-Gangaw road [Chin], built at a cost of K686,000, was commissioned on May 22. (WPD 5/30) Foreign Salesrooms in Yangon May 10: The Toshiba Service Centre, of the Myanma Export-Import Enterprise and the Golden Glory Company of Singapore, opened at 622 Merchant St., Yangon, in the presence of Senior Manager Mr. Toshihiko Okuda of Toshiba, Japan. The only recognized Toshiba service centre in Myanmar, it will "concentrate on the After Sales Service for the equipment sold from the Toshiba sales centre opened at the MEIE." The centre will be open 10-4:30 except Sundays, Mondays, and holidays. (WPD 5/11) May 14: The showroom of Myanmar Fritz Werner Industries Co. Ltd., jointly founded by Myanma Heavy Industries and Fritz Werner Co. of Germany, opened at the Payin Hall of the Inya Lake Hotel, and will remain open for visitors and purchasers until May 16. (WPD 5/15) // May 16: Hand-operated machineries and carpenters's equipment worth US$3,224 and K10,460 has been sold. (WPD 5/ 17) May 23: The Myanmar Natsteel Hardware Centre Ltd., jointly founded by the Construction and Electrical Stores Trading and the Natsteel Trade International Pte. Ltd. of Singapore, opened its office at 262 Seikkantha Street, in the presence of General Manager Mr. Chang See Poh and Myanmar officials. It will import CI [corrugated iron] sheets, metal gratings, iron rods and zinc pipes, and sell them in local or foreign currency, and will hire out construction machinery. (WPD 5/24) Exports May 10: 50 metric tons of honey were exported to Antares Trading in Germany on board the MV Mawlamyine. (WPD 5/11) Imports May 6: "Groundnut and imported palm oil are sold both retail and wholesale to consumers at the two shops of the Co-operative Brokerage Centre at Nos 440 and 458 on Strand Road. It is also being sold at the shops of the consumers co-operative societies in Yangon Division." (WPD 5/7) May 16: The MV Pinya arrived May 12 from the Far East with 5,810 tons of steel rods, nails, etc. from Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Pusan; and 50 motor vehicles for State Organizations, 125 for private individuals, 58 motorcycles, 30 tons of oil drilling equipment and other materials totalling 8,999 tons from Kobe, Yokohama, and Nagoya. The MV Bago arrived May 13 from Inchon, with 5,117 tons of 10 goods carriages, 2 passenger coaches, and 960 sets of machinery parts, plus 57 tons of other spare parts, for Myanma Railways. (WPD 5/17) Export Prices May 17: Actual export prices during April were (US$ per MT, FOB): Pulses and Beans Black Matpe FQ 1991 $ 285 Black Matpe SQ 1991 450 Butter Beans FAQ 1991 415 Payin Beans Yellow FAQ 1991 250 Animal Feed Yellow Maize FAQ 1990 107 Miscellaneous Turmeric Finger 455 Dried Chillies FAQ 1991 1000 (WPD 5/17) Air Service to Hong Kong May 16: Beginning May 31, Myanma Airways will introduce non-stop Yangon-Hong Kong and Hong Kong-Yangon service. Every Monday and Friday, a F-28 (jet) will leave Yangon at 6:30 am, arriving Hong Kong at 11:20 am. It will leave Hong Kong at 12:30 pm and arrive back at Yangon at 2:20 pm. (WPD 5/17) // May 18: Display Advertisement for new service.... "SAVE TIME AND MONEY. FLY MYANMA AIRWAYS DIRECT TO HONG KONG...." (WPD 5/18, etc.) Hotel Renovation May 21: Speaking at a dinner at the Strand Hotel, Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel said [text as published]: "The reason for this evening is to launch the renovation and new construction programme for the Strand, Inya Lake and Thamada Hotels. The 1901 building we are in was closed to business two days ago. It will be re-opened early next year an international five star hotel. We look forward to that!... The Inya Lake and Thamada Hotels will be renovated to international three and two star hotels. They will, however, remain open during the renovations... Both should also be completed by early next year... All the three plus more in the pipeline should enable locals and overseas visitors to enjoy a high standard of accommodation, food and service as they now do...in Hong Kong, Singapore and Tokyo." (WPD 5/ 22) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall since January 1, 1990, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: As of YA KA CY May 1 0.79 1.10 1.42 May 15 0.95 1.26 1.50 May 30 1.85 1.73 2.01 HEALTH Warning Against Tobacco May 31: World No-Tobacco Day--Public places and public transport: better be tobacco-free, by Dr. U Thaung, Director for Disease Control, Department of Health. [Dangers of second-hand smoke. "Non-smokers should be protected. They should not be the victims of somebody else's doing.... Do you want to see your children and grandchildren suffer from tobacco-induced illnesses?" SMOKING CONTROL MEASURES Information, education and communication. This is an important activity for making the people aware of the danger of smoking. Protect the children. Children of smoking parents are more likely to become smokers than children of non-smoking parents. The best policy would be absolute abstinence of smoking in parents and teachers. Advertisement. Advertisement for cigarettes and other smoking articles should be controlled. Advertisement in the television, video, radio and other media can entice the youth to pick up smoking. Smoking is now in the decline in the developed countries. Large cigarette companies are shifting to the developing countries and they are now spending millions of dollars on advertisement, their target being adolescents and youth. In many other countries advertisement on smoking is prohibited. Myanmar should follow suit. Revenue that can accrue from advertisement should be weighed against health hazards arising out of enticement and alluring of adolescents and youth into smoking habit. Hazards to public far outweigh the revenue. Advertisements in radio and T.V. should be banned. Public places and public transport. Smoking should be prohibited at these places to prevent passive smoking. Warning notices. In many countries, warning notice on danger to health is legally required to be printed on cigarette packets. It may as well be done here. Increase taxation. Taxation on cigarettes can be increased so that selling price will be high which may deter the buyers. Smoking rooms. In public places and public transport areas can be set aside, where people can smoke--smoking rooms or smoking verandahs or whatever available places may be utilized." (WPD 5/31) SPORTS Sports Teams Abroad May 10: Marathoners Shwe Aung and Ma Hla Hla Mu, led by Sports Officer U Thein Myint, left for Malaysia to participate in the Seventh International Invitational Marathon in Kuala Lumpur, May 12. (WPD 5/11) // May 13: In the women's section, Myanmar's Hla Hla Mu came in second in 3:05:54. Indonesia won both men's and women's events. (WPD 5/14) Sports Delegations Abroad May 2: The Myanmar sports study delegation led by Deputy Director General of the Sports and Physical Education Department U Aung Nyein returned from the Soviet Union. (WPD 5/3) Visiting Sports Teams May 3: Myanmar-Thai youth goodwill soccer matches will be held in Yangon May 8 and 10. (WPD 5/4) // May 6: The 22-member Thai team, headed by Manager Mr. Songswad Wichompoo, arrived. (WPD 5/7) // May 8: Myanmar won 6-2. (WPD 5/9) // May 10: Myanmar won 1-0. (WPD 5/11). // May 11: A dinner was given for the visiting team by Director-General of the Sports and Physical Education Department U Aung Din. (WPD 5/12) Holes-in-One May 13: U Ba Ba hit a hole-in-one May 7 on the 137 yards 4th green of the Nan Myo Golf Club in Mandalay Golden Palace, in a friendly game with Central Commander Maj-Gen. Tun Kyi and Maj. Tin Oo, using a No. 7 iron and DDH 360 Dunlop golf ball. He also hit a hole-in-one [time not specified] on the 175 yards 2nd green, using a No. 5 iron and a Spalding Top-flite golf ball No. 5. (WPD 5/14) CULTURAL Literary and Cultural Articles May 5,12,19,26: Foundations of Myanmar Culture. Myanmar Literature & the ten major Jatakas, by Hnaphet Hla. [Cont. (41-44)] May 5,12,19,26: Poems (in Myanmar and English). [(1) "The Gleaner" by Nu Win. (2-3) "The biography of a hut" by Moe Si. (4) "Sere Leaf" by Moe Si.] May 5,12,19,26: Poems on ancient Bagan, by Zawgyi, in Myanmar and English. [Cont. (25) "Asawlat's compassionate giving." (26 3 pts.) "Pagoda donor Hpwar Saw's regret."] May 5,12,19,26: 20th Century Myanmar Poets & Poems, by Htila Sitthu. [Cont. (80-83) Poet Gon Win: Twelve selected poems.] May 5,12,19,26: Short Stories. [(1-3) Cont. "Nga Ba" by Maung Htin ÄÄ {21-22} A tin of condensed milk. {23} Nga Ba's Victory. (1) Cont. "Aung Baw and the four-eyed dog" by Zawgyi. (2) "Negligence" by Pe Than. (4) "Let them come back" by Thawdar Swe.] May 19,26: Culture and the people, by Min Naing. [Activities of Ministry for Culture.] May 26: From old Pagan to new Bagan, by Maung Htin. [Virtues of Pagan resettlement program, etc.] Poster Competition May 1: The exhibition of posters and sculpture on "making patriotism alive and dynamic" opened at U Wisara Hall. First prize went to a poster by U Khin Thein that "depicts safeguarding the motherland from the danger posed by an alien country." [Photo--Traditionally dressed warrior slashes at enemies in pith helmets.] May 3: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung visited the exhibit. (WPD 5/4) May 12: Editorial: Rekindling patriotic spirits. ["Such an exhibition not only arouses the latent spirit of patriotism in viewers but also enhances the appreciation of their own heritage. It also motivates a desire for more knowledge of their own national identity. Patriotic feelings are part and parcel of appreciation of culture. Should the people of Myanmar Naing-Ngan, who truly love their own race and nation, be contented with superficial knowledge of their national heritage? The answer would be `No'."] [Numerous photos of paintings and sculpture from the exhibition printed through the month. The exhibit was scheduled to remain open through May 14, extended to May 21, extended indefinitely.] College Reopenings May 1: Pathein Degree College will reopen May 6; hostels will open May 4. Hinthada College will also reopen May 6. (WPD 5/2) May 2: All classes of the Institute of Medicine of Mandalay reopened, following renovation costing K4.5 million. (WPD 5/3) May 3: Shwebo College will reopen May 6. Students registered in 1987-88 should submit required documents beginning May 2. Monywa College will reopen May 14. Students should report May 9-14, "after acquiring relevant documents from the Township LORCs concerned." (WPD 5/4) May 6: Monywa College will reopen May 14, and students should report May 9-12 "bringing their pledges and recommendations from the respective Township LORCs." All courses at the Yangon Institute of Technology, the Institute of Economics, and Yangon University will reopen May 15. Students of the 1987-88 academic year are to submit their application forms at the Students Affairs Section on May 10, and may move into hostels on May 13. All courses at the Institute of Computer Science will reopen May 15. (WPD 5/7) May 7: The Workers College will reopen May 15. (WPD 5/8) May 7: Pyay [Prome] College reopened, with speeches by Principal U Tin Soe and local SLORC representatives. (WPD 5/9) May 8: Myanma Five Star Shipping is transporting 1,000 students from Myeik [Mergui] to Dawei [Tavoy], Mawlamyine, and Yangon, so as to attend reopened colleges. Trips are on May 7, 11, 12, and 13. Students can buy tickets from Township SLORCs and travel agents. (WPD 5/9) May 15: Students happily pursue education at universities and colleges [text]. "All classes of the universities, degree colleges and colleges throughout the nation were reopened now and students are happily pursuing their education in their respective classes. The universities in Yangon: Yangon University and its Hlaing, Botahtaung and Kyimyindine Campuses, Yangon Institute of Technology, Institute of Economics and Institute of Computer Science & Technology were reopened this morning with over 32,000 students.... "Similarly, the universities reopened today were Yezin Institute of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Magway Degree College, Workers College, Yenangyaung College and Pakokku College. Those which were reopened on 14 May included Mandalay University, Mawlamyine University, Sittway Degree College, Monywa College, Meiktila College and Hpa-an College. Dawei College was reopened on 9 May; Bago College and Pyay College were reopened on 7 May and Pathein Degree College, Shwebo College and Hinthada College on 6 May. Over 35,000 students are joyfully attending the classes at these universities and colleges. It is learnt that Myitkyina Degree College will be reopened on 16 May." (WPD 5/16) Buddhist Culture Courses May 3: Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt attended the opening of the Mingaladon Twp. Buddhist culture instructor course. Buddhist culture course No. 1/91 of the Tanintharyi Naval Region Command Headquarters opened. (WPD 5/4) May 4: Buddhist culture instructor course No. 1/91 opened at No. 1 SHS in Mayangonn Twp. [Yangon]. (WPD 5/5) May 6: Buddhist Culture Instructors' Course No. 2/91 opened at No. 2 BEHS, Lanmadaw Twp. [Yangon]. Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt attended. (WPD 5/7) May 10: Buddhist culture instructors course 1/91 in Dagon Myothit [Yangon] ended. (WPD 5/11) May 28: The closing ceremony of the Hline Twp. [Yangon] Buddhist Culture Course No. 2/91 was addressed by Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt. May 29: Buddhist Culture Course No. 1/91 for instructors in Pabedan Twp. [Yangon] concluded. There were 116 trainees, of which 26 were awarded prizes. (WPD 5/30) Culture Shock and Cookery May 11: Editorial: Cookery, cuisine and culture [text]: Most people don't realize what culture means to them until they begin to miss it. And even then, the effect may not be immediate. The feeling that something is missing sinks in gradually, a bit at a time until finally a whole lot of things seem to be missing and somehow the euphoria of new experiences in new surroundings no longers seems to be satisfying enough. A person begins to long for the sights, the sounds, the smells peculiar to one's own nativity and the comfort of one's own people. And then one day, there is the realization that this is part of what is known as "cultural shock." One begins to long for even mundane little things which one had always taken for granted and never thought important before. Even home-cooked "Mohinga" or "Let-thok" or "La-phet" which one [may] not have been too particularly fond of at one time may eventually become a mouth-watering obsession after a period of time and for which one may be willing to travel many miles for a plateful. This has been the experience of many. How about a bowlful of "Chin-yay-hin", a dish of "Pe-gyee Hnut" or even the humble "Nga-pe-yay" with fresh, newly-picked vegetables and plateful of rice prepared the way mother used to prepare? Meat? How about well-chillied "Kyet-tha Hsee-byan", well-cooked "Ah-mai Hnat" or "Wet-tha Kyaung-gyee Gyet" set off with pickled mangoes? And if you prefer fish, how about a bit of dainty "Nga-but-hmway" or the delicately scraped "Nga-hpe-chit"? How about even a bit of simple Myanmar plain tea? As we were saying, it is not often that people perceive food to be part of the cultural heritage. But it is. And this is no better shown by the way in which they tend to reminisce about the kind of foods which are peculiar to their homeland. Cookery and cuisine are undoubtedly part of the cultural experience. And as such, it deserves more serious attention and promotion than it seems to have so far been done by our better restauranteurs who currently seem more interested in improving their skills in the preparation of foreign cuisine than that of their own native land. (WPD 5/11) Literary & Photo Competitions May 22: The Myawady Limited has invited entries in literary and photo competitions. The categories are: Short Stories: Theme--"National Solidarity." 2,500-3,500 words. Prizes: K 3,000, 2,500, 2,000. Novels: Theme--"Perpetuity of national sovereignty, non-disintegration of the Union and preservation of traditional culture." 5,000-10,000 words. Prizes: K5,000, 4,000, 3,000. Articles: Theme--"Our Three Main Causes." 2,500-3,000 words. Prizes: K1,500, 1,000, 750. Poems: 100-500 words. Prizes: K1,000, 750, 500. Essays for students: 1,500-1,700 words. Entries must be approved by Principals "to assure that they have been written by the students themselves." Prizes: K1,000, 750, 500. Photos: Theme--"The Tatmadaw and the people joining hands." 10" x 12"; four entries per contestant. Prizes: Black & White: K2,000, 1,500, 1,000. Colour: K3,000, 2,500, 2,000. Deadline for entries at Myawady Limited, 181/183 Sule Pagoda Road, Yangon, is Aug. 7, 1991. Prizes will be presented in November 1991. (WPD 5/23) Relic Found May 29: A piece of ancient gold-ware weighing nearly one tical was found May 6 at Kanni and Laydu sandbank, Toungoo Twp. [Bago} and turned over to the Archaeology Department on May 24. (WPD 5/30) MISCELLANEOUS Crime News Names and addresses of culprits generally included. Apr. 30: Police in Ahnin village, Thanbyuzayat Twp. [Mon] seized .06 kilos of raw opium. (WPD 5/2) May 2: Eight thieves who stole trolley rails in Yangon were arrested April 10-11. (WPD 5/3) May 4: Meiktila police on Apr. 30 seized 4.7 kilos of marijuana and arrested a man. (WPD 5/5) May 9: Mayangonn Twp. [Yangon] police on Apr. 24 arrested four men who posed as personnel of the special investigation committee of the Religious Affairs Department. One identified himself as Maj. Thein Htaik, and on Apr. 23 told a Sayadaw that there was a complaint lodged against him by a laywoman, demanding K3,000 to close the case. The suspicious monk gave only K520, promised the rest the next day, and informed the police. (WPD 5/10) May 15: Mrauk-U [Rakhine] police on Apr. 16 seized 4.9 kilos of marijuana at the Myo paddy depot sentry. Action taken against two persons. (WPD 5/16) May 17: Yangon Railway Police on May 6 seized 3.6 kilos of marijuana from passengers arriving on the Thazi-Yangon train, and booked two people. Mandalay Railway Police on May 1 seized 2.5 kilos of raw opium from passengers leaving for Myitkyina, and booked three people from Muse. Yangon and Tanyin [Syriam] police on May 5 arrested 15 persons at Pagantaung Village, Tanyin Twp. for stealing public teak logs. (WPD 5/18) May 21: Defence Services Intelligence on May 15 arrested one Kassim trying to smuggle coins out of Myanmar: new 50 pya coins worth K1,500, and new 25 pya coins worth K7,500. "The coins were to be sold for baht at the other country at the border near Myawady." Kassim had twice before smuggled coins "to the other country", and is being prosecuted. (WPD 5/22) May 22: Kalay [Sagaing] authorities seized 70 bottles of phensedyl recently. Bago Police on Apr. 25 seized 3.3 kilos of marijuana in Nyaunglebin. Police in Ye Twp. [Mon] on Apr. 17 seized 8.2 kilos of marijuana from two boat passengers at Kyaung village. Myitkyina Railway Police on May 12 seized 23 kilos of raw opium from three passengers on the Myitkyina-Mandalay train. (WPD 5/23) May 25: Hsipaw [Shan] police on Mar. 25 seized 16.5 kilos of raw opium from a monk, O Ottama (a) Aung Zan, at the Hsipaw Railway Station. (WPD 5/26) May 28: The Myeik [Mergui] anti-drug squad on May 10 seized 10 litres of phensedyl in Kawthoung, and a man is being prosecuted. (WPD 5/29) May 30: The Bureau of Special Investigation, "acting on information that one-kyat notes and coins are being sold at higher prices," raided several houses in Yangon and seized K36,095 worth of one-kyat notes and small change, which "were reportedly exchange at the Union of Myanmar Central Bank and that the suspects allegedly collected them to sell at higher prices with the intention of hampering money circulation in the country." The suspects had reportedly "sold coins twice to Kassim, who smuggled coins out of the country and whose arrest was reported in the 22 May issue of the newspapers. Effective action will be taken against them, it is learnt." Hmawby Twp. [Yangon] police have booked nine persons for stealing a section of pipe, 24 ft. by 56" diameter, worth K3,000 and "reserved for emergency repair of Gyobyu water pipeline." A military tribunal in Taunggyi on May 7 sentenced two women to ten years in prison with rigorous labour for "enticing and selling young women to the other country for prostitution. (WPD 5/31) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are occasional obituaries in Burmese as well.] May 1: U Saw Edmund Po, Rtd. Port Superintendent, husband of Sister Isabella Thin Ogh, died in Yangon, aged 68. [Christian] (WPD 5/2) May 2: Percival Lopes (U Maung Maung Lwin), Steel Brothers, Yangon, (Percy), died in Yangon, aged 74. [Christian] (WPD 5/3) May 8: Thiripyanchi U Kyaw Zan U, B.A., Barrister-at-Law, Retired Judge of the Chief Court, husband of Daw Khin U, died in San Francisco, U.S.A. (WPD 5/23) May 10: Miss Cecilia Rustom, ex-teacher, St. Peter's, Mandalay, died in Yangon, aged 94. (WPD 5/11) May 18: Daw Win Kyi (Wendy) (Mawlamyine), wife of U Lay Maung, mother of...Daw Saw Saw Win (USA), Sandra Law Maung (USA)...died in Yangon, aged 65. (WPD 5/19) May 22: P.S. Swamy Nathan (a) U Khin Maung Yin, Inspector of Health (Retd), husband of Daw Chine, died in Yangon, aged 86. (WPD 5/24) May 23: Daw Daw Seinn, Taungoo, relict of U Aung Thein (a) Phra Pharison Salarak of the Royal Thai Forest Service, died in Yangon, aged 94. (WPD 5/24) May 25: Wunna Kyaw Htin (a) Dr. J.W. Edwards, husband of Daw Yu, died, aged 80. [Christian] (WPD 5/ 26) May 26: Daw Than Tin (a) Mrs. Josephine Collasco, Ex-Lady-Searcher, Customs Dept., widow of J.B. Collasco, died in Yangon, aged 86. [Christian] (WPD 5/27) Cyclone in Rakhine State Apr. 29: Storm News. At 6:30 hours the severe Cyclonic storm in the North Bay of Bangal crossed the Bangladesh coast between Chittagong and Cox's Bazaar. Rain or rainshowers will be widespread in North Rakhine, Chin and Kachin States and Sagaing and North Mandalay Divisions, with isolated heavyfalls and wind speed reaching 50 mph.... (WPD 5/1) Apr. 30: Surface wind speed in squalls in Rakhine State reached 40 to 60 mph. In Maungdaw it reached 80 mph. "There was a high tide which entered half of the township and reached 4 feet high." A woman and 4 children drowned in Maungdaw Twp. [names]. 5 persons are missing in Finsi village [names]. Damage is reported from Sittway, Kyaukpyu, Kyauktaw, Mrauk-U, and Buthidaung Townships, and relief measures are under way. (WPD 5/1) May 1: Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint and State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo, who have been touring Rakhine State, were told "that there was very slight damage" at Maungdaw from the rainstorm of Apr. 29. At Buthidaung, they received damage reports and "gave instructions for repairing the damaged buildings promptly" and heard about the "condition of new school building wrecked by the storm." (WPD 5/2) May 3: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt "inspected the damages caused by a strong wind in Lashio after midnight on 1 May." (WPD 5/4) Meiktila Fire Relief Apr. 30: The April 7 fire in Meiktila destroyed 5,125 houses and made over 25,000 people homeless, with property damage of over K 500 million. Relief activities continue. Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura delivered relief materials worth US$ 172,000, including 2,500 blankets, 1,000 eating utensils, 1,000 mats, 3,000 bars of soap, 3,000 towels, washing powder, flashlights and batteries. (WPD 5/1) May 2: Corrugated iron, nails, cement, etc. were sent to Meiktila Apr 29 for reconstruction,. Indian Ambassador Preet M.S. Malik donated K50,000 to the Red Cross for fire relief. Goods of various kinds worth K12,257,848 have arrived in Meiktila to be sold to fire victims. (WPD 5/ 3) May 3: Between Apr. 8-30, K4.3 million worth of 229 kinds of relief goods were received at the Central Relief Camp at Shisha Hall in Meiktila. (WPD 5/4) May 3: President Mr. Park Chung Kyu and Secretary Mr. Jung Han Kim of the Korean Association in Myanmar donated K30,700 for Meiktila fire victims to News and Periodicals Enterprise Managing Director U Soe Nyunt. (WPD 5/5) May 9: Managing Director Mr. C. Terwogt of Myanma Shell B.V. gave a check for US$10,000 for fire relief. (WPD 5/10) May 10: Israeli Ambassador Ori Noy donated US$2,600 of medical stores for fire relief. (WPD 5/11) May 11: The Saturday Club of the Philippines in Yangon donated K10,000 to the Red Cross for fire relief. (WPD 5/12) May 13: Chairman Mr. Low Kim Yong of Golden Glory Co. (Singapore) and Golden Glory Co. (Myanmar), sole representative of Toshiba Corporation of Japan, donated US$25,000 for fire relief. (WPD 5/14) May 14: The Australian Government donated K46,500 through the UNDP. General Manager Mr. J.S. Lee and Accounts Manager D.S. Suh of Yukong-Myanmar Oil Co. Ltd. donated US $10,000. (WPD 5/15) May 17: Yugoslav Ambassador Dr. Svetozar Jovicevic donated K50,000 for fire relief. The Japan Myanmar Association donated K22,900 to the Red Cross. (WPD 5/18) May 18: UNDP Programme Officers Mr. Volker Welter and U Hla Myint Phu and Assistant Manager U Saw Walter Kaing visited Meiktila and presented 150 bags of rice, 1,000 plastic buckets, and 540 viss of wire nails. (WPD 5/20) May 22: The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Geneva sent 82 packs of relief goods, which arrived May 16-19 from Bangkok. (WPD 5/23) May 23: General Manager Mr. Chang See Poh of Myanmar Natsteel Hardware Centre Ltd. donated US$2,000. Laos contributed K50,000 for fire relief. (WPD 5/24) May 30: The Thai government donated K1,000,000 for fire relief to the Myanmar Red Cross. Mr. & Mrs. H.J. Stevens-Looienga of Stevens Paper & Board B.V. of the Netherlands donated US$10,000 to the Red Cross. General Manager Mr. Roland Zee of Myanmar Motors Ltd. donated K100,000. (WPD 5/31) Throughout the month there were also numerous articles on donations for Meiktila fire relief by Myanmar nationals and agencies, as well as on reconstruction efforts. As of May 25, donations totalled K14,801,979. Student Misbehavior Apr. 30: Students at the Mandalay Institute of Medicine got drunk after the April 6 final exams. At Bahtoo Hall railings were broken and doors damaged [photos]. At the `Ever' Restaurant in Mandalay, students demanded that the Thingyan tape being played be replaced with a tape of English songs, and a "quarrel nearly broke out." (WPD 5/1) Marriage May 2: Ma Thuzar Myo Nyunt, B.Sc.; Dip. in International Tour Leader Course; Director-Manager, World Travel Co. Ltd. Japan, daughter of Yangon Myo Thant, Foreign Correspondent of Yomiuri Shimbun of Japan and ANSA News Agency of Italy, and Daw Hla Myint (Mudon), was married to Dr. Tint Htwe M.B.; B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Surgery), Assistant Lecturer, Dept. of Surgery, Institute of Medicine 1 (Yangon), son of Wunna-Kyaw-Htin U Shwe Tha Htwe and Daw Aye Aye, at the office of the Chief Justice, in the presence of Justice U Aye Ohn. (WPD 5/3) Narcotics Destruction May 6: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt supervised the destruction of a heroin refinery near Mongla village in the eastern sector of Kengtung Twp. [Shan], in the presence of the Chinese and Thai Ambassadors and Military Attaches, the Malaysian Military Attache, and numerous journalists, as well as representatives from UNFDAC and the United States DEA. Drugs worth US$154 million were destroyed, including 60 kilos of heroin, 30 kilos of morphine, 50 kilos of opium, chemicals, refining equipment, and buildings. Joint Secretary of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control PPF Director Ngwe Soe Tun reviewed Myanmar's anti-narotics efforts, including the destruction of drugs worth US4,183 million since 1990. U Sai Lin, "leader of the National groups of Mongla region," said that "Our region east of Kengtung consists of Hsi-Lu, Mong-Kwei-yan-taung, Mong-la, Mong-ma, Hsan-tauk, Mong-wa, Keng-kham, Wang-hsaw, Wan-peng, Mong-he and Mong-Kham areas; and the total area is 4,952 square kilometers. The population of the region is made up of Shan, Ah-khar, Lwei and Lahu nationals and its total is 74,022.... Total acreage of opium poppy cultivation in our area has increased to 7,522.... We are now taking these initial bold steps to get rid of the horrible scourge of narcotic drugs from our land. On 22 March 1991, under the leadership of Commander of the Forward No 77 LID Col Ket Sein, 45 acres of illicit opium poppy plantations were destroyed...." (WPD 5/7) May 7: The diplomats and officials visited the Kengtung drug addict treatment centre, the livestock breeding station, and a crop substitution station, etc., escorted by State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (WPD 5/8) May 16: From January-April 1991, narcotics worth US$59,243,294 (or K373,232,753) were destroyed by the Tatmadaw and Police. The Tatmadaw seized 0.38 kilos of heroin, 109 kilos of raw opium, and 8 kilos of marijuana, worth US$752,562. The Police seized 36 kilos of raw opium [sic--probably heroin is meant] in 559 cases, 223 kilos of raw opium in 225 cases, 353 kilos of marijuana in 251 cases, 513 litres of phensedyl in 76 cases, 11 bottles of cough linctus in 5 cases, 116 bottles of morphine in 1 case, and 4.4 kilos of opium powder in 1 case, with a total value of US$58,490,732. It filed 704 cases for failure to register for treatment and 65 drug related cases. A total of 1,892 cases involving 2,527 persons "were exposed and action taken." (WPD 5/17) Earthquakes May 11: An earthquake of moderate intensity (5.2 Richter) was recorded at 08:48:48 hours, Myanmar time, with epicentre 55 miles NW of Mawlaik [Sagaing]. (WPD 5/12) May 13: An earthquake of moderate intensity (4.8 Richter) was recorded at 19:54:15 hours, Myanmar time, with epicentre 75 miles SW of Yangon. (WPD 5/14) Brothels Raided May 20: The Defence Services Intelligence on May 18 raided Lay-aye-tha Rest House at 699/701 Merchant St., Yangon, and arrested proprietor U Tin Maung Lwin (a) Lin Maung, Manager U Aung Kyaw, 29 men and 14 women. U Tin Maung Lwin "raised about 20 women, ages ranging from 17 to 25, as prostitutes. He charged each man who came to visit the Rest House K 200, he pocketed K 150 and he paid the women only K 50 each and he earned his living thus." (WPD 5/21) May 22: Editorial: The flesh trade. "The proprietor reportedly possesses a considerable record of past offenses such as having used the Pine Hill Restaurant on Inya Road for similar operations. It is also reported that `swimming courses' were opened and young men enticed with young girls, and that rooms were hired out for such purposes even as dice games were organized.... Is there no law under which those who have been known to engage in such activities can be prevented from opening and operating such `fronts' as rest houses behind which they can carry on with their nefarious activities?" (WPD 5/22) May 22: Defense Services Intelligence on May 20 raided the Aungzabu Rest House at No. 260, Mazin 1st Lane, Mazin Ward, Bago, and rounded up 11 women and 7 men. "It is evident that five out of 11 women earned their living as prostitutes at the rest house." (WPD 5/23) Fire at Mawlamyine Hospital May 25. A fire on May 24 at the People's Hospital in Mawlamyine started in a medical store room and spread to other wards including the blood bank and nurses training hall. Damage is estimated at K6.4 million. (WPD 5/26) Water Shortage in Hlegu May 25: "Beginning from 22 May, as some villages in Hlegu township [Yangon] encountered water scarcity and a number of cattle died, arrangements were made by the No 11 LID and 6,000 gallons of water were supplied to the villages through five bowsers." 4,600 gallons were sent May 24, and 34,800 gallons on May 25. "The water supplied thus is sufficient for the villages up to 30 May, it is learnt." 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