90-10 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (from THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY) Vol. IV, No. 10, October 1990 +-+-+-+-+ Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans 1 Cartoons 2 Political Books 2 Political Articles (Excerpts) 3 Historical Exhibition 8 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt in Mon State 8 Political Documents Recorded 9 Press Conferences 9 Agriculture and Economy 9 US Ambassador Rejected 10 Constitutional Plans 11 Press Release to Diplomats 13 Political Arrest 14 Curfew Relaxed 14 SLORC Ousts U Nu from Party 14 Crackdown on Unlawful Monks 14 ELECTIONS Election Tribunals 19 Election Announcements 20 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 20 Ambassador to Egypt Named 20 New Soviet Ambassador 20 Ambassador to Belgium 21 Ambassador to Korea Named 21 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Border Meeting 21 Workshops and Courses 21 UNESCO National Commission 21 FAO Hill Country Project 21 FOREIGN VISITORS Hydrographic Bureau Mission 21 Chinese Education Delegation 22 US Drug Delegation 22 UNDP Regional Chief 22 Soviet Acrobats 22 Israeli Diplomat 22 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 22 Delegations to Meetings 23 UNGA Address 23 Arts Delegation Returns 24 MYANMAR GAZETTE Appointments Confirmed 25 Appointments 25 GOVERNMENT Nurse and Midwife Law 25 MILITARY Insurgent Attacks 25 Insurgents Surrender 25 Embassy in Bangkok Bombed 25 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 25 Courses 26 Rice Prices Reduced 26 Appliance Sale 27 Container Service 27 Satellite Towns 27 Imports 27 Joint Ventures 27 Restaurant Enterprise Review 28 Credit Cards 28 Farm Export Prices 28 Photocopier Imports Restricted 28 Mining Enterprise Meeting 29 Rainfall in Yangon 29 HEALTH Drug Addict Course 29 SPORTS Myanmar Sports Delegations 29 Asian Games 29 UNESCO Award for U Zaw Weik 29 Myanmar Sports Teams Abroad 29 CULTURAL Literary Articles 29 Historical & Cultural Articles 30 SLORC Religious Activities 30 Gen. Saw Maung on Language 30 Relic Found 31 National Literary Awards 31 Newspaper Circulation Grows 31 MISCELLANEOUS Crime News 32 Ruby Smugglers Sentenced 33 Obituaries 33 Train Wreck 34 +-+-+-+-+ Issues for Oct. 17 and 19 not received. +-+-+-+-+ POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans The political slogans quoted in the November 1988 issue appeared in each issue of The Working People's Daily throughout the month, as did the "Noble Desire" slogan launched in February 1990. Since Apr. 7, 1989 the The Working People's Daily has run a political slogan across the bottom of each front page: Oct. 1: The Tatmadaw owes loyalty only to the State not to any party organization. Oct. 2,5-8: Myanmar history will be written by the Myanmars; no nation, no person shall dictate to us as a mentor. Oct. 3-4,9: Since the Tatmadaw is not a party organization; it will not enter into discussion with any political organization that is based on party politics. Oct. 10: According to Election Rule 81 there are only seven days left for the parties to complete their tasks. Oct. 11-16: Only six [five, four, three, two, one] days left for parties to submit returns of election expenses according to Election Rule 81. Oct. 17: [not received] Oct. 18-21: Receiving sentence according to law for criminal offence is reaping what one has sown. Oct. 22-31: * All the citizens of Myanmar Naing-Ngan must be loyal to Myanmar Naing-Ngan. They must abide by the laws of Myanmar Naing-Ngan. * Citizens of any nation resident in Myanmar Naing-Ngan must respect and abide by the laws of Myanmar Naing-Ngan. Cartoons [There continued to be one or two political cartoons in each issue, generally denouncing foreign broadcasts, those who listen to them, and political parties in general.] E.g.: Oct. 3: Cartoon shows "contemporary six blind men" labelled Stephen Solarz, Moynihan, Christopher Gunness, Bertil Lintner, Dana Rohrabacher, and Joseph Silverstein trying vainly to describe an elephant (the Myanmar Government) while a Burmese says "This is a De Facto Government you dolts". Oct. 4-5: AIR-VOA-BBC and Solarz-Moynihan-Rohrabacher-Edward Kennedy say "Oppose ruling military junta--Impose trade sanctions in accordance with American Law--Eleven Senators demand." Japanese says: "Htai-hin Yawrawshi Yawrawshi." SLORC De Facto Government, weapon in hand, replies: "I am two years old de facto government. All bullshit. You all are follower Senators? This is not the voice of American people and government. I think it may be the voice of CIA (or) destructive elements. In my dictionary, there is no word like surrender. Don't shout too much. Shut up!" Political Books [Official political books and collections continue to be advertised regularly. Unless otherwise indicated, they are available from the Sarpay Beikman bookstore, the News and Periodicals Enterprise head office at 173/175 Pansondan St., Yangon, and other outlets. These were featured this month:] State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's Addresses. Four volumes. (English) State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's Addresses (Second Volume). Addresses of Mar. 27, Apr. 18, May 9 & 10, May 30, July 3, and July 7, 1990. (English) Myanmar historical events of past forty years. Vol. 1 (Burmese) and Vol. 2 (Burmese) The History of Internal Insurgency. (Burmese) The Mirrors of an Age. 44 articles "that objectively review, analyse and assess the 20th century history of Myanmar." (Burmese) City of Yangon Modernization Records. For diplomats, tourists and those interested in records and travelogues on Myanmar and Yangon City. $5 per copy. K 150 for government departments, etc. (WPD 10/21) Oct. 28: Since 1988 the News and Periodicals Enterprise of the Ministry of Information has published 1,626,350 copies of 77 books: -- Collected Articles (Vols. 1-24) in Myanmar: 327,630 copies; (Vols. 1-10) in English: 23,300 copies. -- Press Conferences (Vols. 1-5) in Myanmar: 81,870 copies; (Vols. 1-4) in English: 8,000 copies. -- Addresses of Gen. Saw Maung (Vol. I): 79,000 copies; (Vol. II): 13,000 copies. -- Gen. Saw Maung's 45th Armed Forces Day Anniversary Address 11,500 copies. -- Gen. Saw Maung's Address to 21st ADNG Course 10,000 copies. -- BCP Conspiracy to Take Power in Myanmar 255,850 copies; in English: 11,000 copies. -- Conspiracy of Treasonous Minions within Politics in Myanmar 160,000 copies; in English 8,000 copies. -- Scheming of BCP Politburo 23,000 copies. -- Clarifications of State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt at 100th Press Conference 350,000 copies. -- Skyful of Lies 8/88 in Myanmar 100,000 copies; in English 2,200 copies. -- CRDB 20,000 copies. -- Amyinhman Ya Thu Do Ei Ko Dwe Pyitat Myar 12,000 copies. -- Tine Pyay Go Let Hnyoe Hto Yaung Sar Nay Thaw U Nu Hnint Apaungpar Myar 27,000 copies. -- History of Internal Insurgency (Part 1) 13,000 copies; (Part 2) 13,000 copies. -- Concise History of Myanmar and the Tatmadaw's Role (1948-1988) (Vol. I) 17,000 copies; (Vol. II) 12,000 copies. -- SLORC's Pyithu Oh-ein Karkwe Sount Shauk Hum Hnint Aphyet Thamar Do Ei Loke Yat Myar 6,000 copies. -- U Pe Kin Ei Ko Dwe Panglong 22,000 copies. -- Skyful of Lies (9/88) in Myanmar 6,000 copies. (WPD 10/29) Political Articles (Excerpts) Following the pattern begun in October 1988, each issue contains lengthy feature articles, translated from Burmese, designed to bolster government views and policies. We note them briefly, with excerpts of particularly significant portions, but can provide copies if needed: Oct. 1-7,11-15,18-22,25-31: A Concise History of Myanmar and the Tatmadaw's Role (1948-1988), by A Tatmadaw Researcher. [Cont. documentary study, with numerous facsimiles: (53-59) 1988 disturbances and events. {No. 55 includes a list of persons purged from Party Central Committee in 1977}. (60-65) SLORC assumption of power and its statements. (66-76) Events of 1989, including statements of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and other correspondence by "pro-democracy" individuals.] Oct. 1: The tasks to be carried out by party organizations, candidates that contested in the election, by Pyi Chit Thu. [Cont. (3) Hearing of objections; Gen. Saw Maung's speech on party responsibilities.] Oct. 2-3: Defunct, De Facto, De Jure, by A Senior Tatmadaw Officer. [(1) The old government is defunct; the Tatmadaw government is de facto. "Some diplomats...fear that the capitalist governments will divert their attention from Myanmar...to more important matters as a result of the Kuwait-Iraq affair. That is why they created the incident at Mandalay on 8-8-90. Since they were unable to instigate the people, they, with their evil designs, tried to use religion as a stepping-stone and instigated the members of the Sangha. When they saw that what they had done was not effective, they created `incidents' so that they would be able to compare the Government of Myanmar...with the Government of Iraq and condemn it." [(2) VOA on Sept. 29 said that "`Myanmar soldiers entered the compounds of some diplomats' houses... Those acts were protested by 18 nations that issued a joint statement .... The United States Department of Foreign Affairs {sic} on Thursday said that four Myanmar employees of the US embassy in Yangon were arrested during the recent week and detained and that they were also interrogated in connection with the work of the embassy and its employees...." The BBC said that "Senator ...Moynihan has urged the Security Council...as well as US President George Bush to take measures for action to be taken against the military government of Myanmar.... According to The Guardian Daily armed Myanmar soldiers recently entered the embassy compounds of the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, Britain and Australia and it was because of those reasons that the letter of protest was sent.' It is clear that the news was just about the ordinary functions of a few diplomats from the diplomatic circle of Yangon but it was excessively exaggerated when it was broadcast.... Members of the security unit, in hot pursuit of the terrorists or saboteurs, may have entered the compound of such a person without knowing whose compound they have entered. If they enter the residence of a diplomat or the compound of a diplomatic mission not with the intention of committing aggression or causing disturbances but as a result of doing their security work, this cannot become a serious matter. If there is no deliberate aggression and if they cause no disturbances, those concerned have to forgive them with understanding according to the fine traditions of diplomatic relations.... The Myanmar nationals serving with foreign diplomatic missions are to be loyal to the State; they need not be loyal to the embassy they serve. They enjoy no diplomatic rights and privileges. The State has the right to exercise its powers according to the laws and rules which all the citizens are to observe. They can be interrogated at any time in the interests of security and law and order. This matter has noting in common with what Iraq has done to the foreign diplomatic missions both in Iraq and Kuwait.... It should not be forgotten that the Tatmadaw Government today is not only a de facto government but also a temporary de jure governement."] Oct. 4,6: The Simangain (1) incident of (4-9-88), by An Eyewitness. [Cont. (3) Description of murders of people in Simangain (1) ward on suspicion of having killed students and monks, and list of those murdered. (4) List of 38 monks involved. "There is no evidence because in fact nobody was killed by the people from Simangain (1) Ward. It was just a made-up story."] Oct. 4: Abhidhamma as known to Buddhist scholars, by Tint Lwin. [Full moon of Thadinkyut, or Abhidhamma Day. "The views held by Western or non-Buddhist scholars are excluded...."] Oct. 5: To the East of Myaing Hay Wun Park, Maha Thamun. ["There are also some within our country who are extending invitations to `thieves' even handing swords over to them.... During the disturbances of 1988 there were some who invited white-faced Indians and red-faced Indians and even after the disturbances some wrote letters to their masters requesting them to send black-faced Indian army into our country." Instigation of youth denounced. 1852 conquest of Myanmar by "white-faced Indians and black-faced Indians" recalled, along with looting of Shwedagon pagoda. "How difficult it is when even educated persons have come to be imbued with slavish mentality and are inviting colonialists and neo-colonialists to interfere in our internal affairs...!"] Oct. 7: Let us look at it from legal and historical points of view, by Pyi Chit Thu. ["If the citizens ...have to choose between the interests of the party and the interests of the State, they are to give up the interests of the party and give priority to serving the interests of the State. This is one of the duties and responsibilities of good citizenship...."] Oct. 8-13: About US Ambassador-designate Frederick Vreeland and former Ambassador Burton Levin, by Bo Thanmani. [(1) Review of Vreeland affair, with texts and facsimiles of Washington Post's Oct. 4 articles: "Rat-killing Time" and "Envoy's Nomination Divides Senators, State Department." "It has become apparent even before he arrives...that {Vreeland} is a person who opposes Myanmar...." {Editorial, same day, has similar message.} (2) Text of VOA broadcast of Oct. 4 "Senate Committee declines to approve appointment of ambassador to Union of Myanmar" and text and facsimile of Bangkok Nation article of Oct. 4: "Nominee to Burma linked to Pope `coverup'". "The newspaper world today is asking why...Vreeland covered up the suspicions connected with the assassination attempt...." (3) More on withdrawal of Vreeland's approval; Ambassador Burton Levin left on Monday {Oct. 8} after 4 years in Myanmar. Levin's letter to a political party "interfering in the internal affairs of our nation." (4) Ambassador Levin's alleged CIA connection, based on his inclusion in the 1968 "Who's Who in the CIA." {Note: This "reference book" was issued by the then Communist Government of East Germany, and included as "CIA" all Foreign Service Officers of the U.S. Department of State who had ever held assignments in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research.--HCMacD.} (5) US news stories accusing SLORC of torturing political opponents, based on reports from Western diplomats. E.g., "The New York Times said the telegram mentioned that tortures including stabbing with burning buds {sic} of cigarettes, giving electric shocks and beating causing serious injuries to the eyes and ears of the opposition leaders tortured. It was said that the telegram also mentioned that many prisoners were put in a small room filled with water up to their knees; that some were made to stand in the water for a long time while being interrogated and that some were interrogated continuously for a number of days without being given any chance to sleep." (6) No torture took place. Ambassador Levin's letter of Sept. 18, 1990, to Unity & Development Party, denying intent to influence political parties, but recommending handover of power to Myanmar's elected representatives. "I have presented all these facts to enable the Myanmar people to...know how they have interfered in our internal affairs ...."] Oct. 9: We denounce them (Thitsa-Myitta Discussions), by Byammahso. [False accusations of Western media, etc. "We strongly denounce such correspondents, such newspapermen, such diplomats, and such broadcasting stations."] Oct. 10: What should be the objective? Is it for one party or is it for the State?, by A Senior Tatmadaw Officer. [Two roads for Myanmar: "one political party to come to power" or "to ensure the perpetuity of the State." The decision to make Myanmar a multi-party democracy was made by the BSPP on Sept. 11, 1988, and the SLORC is implementing it. But the "principal political party" says the main task is not to draw up a new constitution but to get power transferred to it, as indicated in the "Gandhi Hall declaration." This would put the constitution in the hands of the party. "It is a constitution not concerned with the 135 national races...the peasants and the workers...members of the Tatmadaw, public service personnel, and people from other walks of life." It is clear that the party's objective "does not serve the interests of the entire nation," but seeks only to come to power. The Tatmadaw government will stand firm under Declaration 1/90.] Oct. 13,16: "Red Power and Revolutionary War", by Soe Tun Ni. [(1) BCP infiltration of AFPFL after 1958. (2) Current BCP infiltration.] Oct. 14-15: Tricky and crafty VOA, believe it or not you may, by Nyan Htet. [(1) VOA and BBC's negative reports on UN Delegate U Ohn Gyaw's address to General Assembly quoted. (2) More of same. "What they have been talking about is also aimed at preventing the disintegration of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and at helping it to speedily come to power."] Oct. 17-18: Where shall we go? What shall we continue to do?, by Min Htet Aung. [Discouragement of the ABSDF described. "There are many factions and in each of them are many self-seekers. You can't imagine how disappointing it is. The strength is gradually draining...."] Oct. 19-20: In connection with interfering in the internal affairs of Myanmar Naing-Ngan, by Thiha Thu. [EEC "interference" denounced. Italy is a mess, and using its EEC presidency as a political stunt.] Oct. 20: The constitution is primary and it is to serve the interests of the people for ever, by Maung Pwint Lin. [Need for a constitution drawn by all the people. Today, despite the great progress made by the SLORC, "It is primarily because of the clever political self-seekers and the great economic exploiters (using unlawful means) that the commodity prices today are rising instead of coming down. That is why the people are saying that they themselves will draw up a constitution that will keep them away from fear and alarm and that will bring about development that will ease their food, clothing and shelter needs." Myanmar needs a "constitution that will endure for hundreds of years...."] Oct. 21: More effective role for the UN, by R Zatu. [Security Council unity over Iraq has "suddenly made the UN a more effective and dependable organization."] Oct. 21: The Three Main Causes, the most important duties of all, by Latt Myint Thein. [Writer shocked by a woman lawyer for defending the destruction of a "Our Three Main Causes" billboard, and "speaking in praise of the destructive activities of the schoolboys who, out of ignorance, got swayed by the instigations and incitements of the destructive elements and did such destructive acts."] Oct. 22-23: I think it is enough, by Myan Pyi Thar. [Protest against Bangkok Nation Sept. 6 article saying Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was offered release if she chose exile {photocopy of article}, against her award of the 1990 Grafto Human Rights Award (from Norway), and an Honorary Doctorate from Oxford. In fact, the State has been very lenient with her. Why she barred from election. "The people...have come to understand that [her] infringement upon the election law...puts an end to her political career once and for all. The people...have to accept the fact that there is no room, in the Myanmar political world, for Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, whose permanent address is 15, Park Town Oxford, England. The people...believe that since [she is a foreigner], she has nothing to do with the political life and activities of Myanmar...."] Oct. 24: Commemorating United Nations Day, by Maung Dawna. [Programs reviewed. UNDP, UNICEF, and WHO aid now total some 28 million dollars per year.] Oct. 24: Purification, perpetuation and propagation of the Sasana, by Myan Pyi Thar. [False reporting about the boycott. Only a few hundred monks participated, but there were false and malicious reports in the foreign press. {Photocopies of articles in The Bangkok Post and The Nation}] Oct. 25: The comments of two UN officers on establishment of new towns & falsehood spread by The Nation and the BBC, by Bo Thanmani. [The Government has spent K 632 million on Dagon Myothit, K 240 million on Shwepyitha Myothit, and K 91 million on Hlaingthayar Myothit. 70,000 of 90,000 plots have already been taken up. The BBC on Oct. 10 said a UN official will visit Myanmar to "study whether the people were resettled in the new towns by force or not." He should ask the UN Center for Human Resettlement Team, composed of Mr. Terry Standley and Mr. David Etherton, who visited in April 1990 and praised the program.] Oct. 26: One should not live at a religious centre if one cannot live like one pursuing the Dhamma, by Myan Pyi Thar. [A few Sangha members are "drinking liquor, having affairs with women, watching `dirty' video films, doing illegal business in some monasteries in partnership with some civilians, not paying attention to the Vinaya, making accusations against personnel from the administrative machinery." Most monks "are very sad at these few monks' committing of all sorts of offences and sin carrying out instigative and agitative work."] Oct. 26: Without understanding the essence of Buddhist ethics, by Koyin Kumara. ["Without understanding the essence of Buddhist ethics," certain people "are bombarding us with noxious airwaves, trying to foul the atmosphere with their morally harmful and permicious practices which serve no one any good. With such good friends...er...who needs enemies?"] Oct. 27,30: To live and act according to Lord Buddha's wish, by Ko Yin Thar Tho. [(1) "Those who make politics dirty and vulgar are those who, in their attempts to gain power, do not care whoever dies if they themselves (Nga Tay) remain alive." (2) "The constitutions that were drawn up in our country contain provisions which prevent religions from being used for stepping stones for political purposes and which keep those serving any religious order away from politics." Quotations from 1947 and 1974 constitutions; quotations from monks.] Oct. 28: Myanmar Naing-Ngan where Buddha Sasana is flourishing, by Myan Pyi Thar. ["I would like to present some of the important projects the SLORC has been undertaking .... The implementation of the three all-round development projects for the Shwedagon Pagoda will cost K 50 million; The Sule Pagoda all-around development project will cost K 20 million; Maha Wizaya Pagoda construction work will cost K 30 million; the Kaba Aye Pagoda and Kaba Aye Hill all-round development work will cost K 18 million; the Kaba Aye Otthathiri Gardon and Dagonthiri Bayme Kandawgyi construction work will cost K 10 million; the Botahtaung Pagoda all-round development work will cost over K 6 million; Mandalay Maha Myatmuni Pagoda all-round renovation work will cost K3,000,000; the Anyar Thihataw Pagoda all-round renovation work will cost K 5,000,000; Mandalay Nandwin Sudaungpyi Pagoda work will cost K2,000,000.... Altogether K 430.2 million was scheduled to be spent on the above-named projects and works as well as for other pagodas, temples and shrines in the whole of Myanmar Naing-Ngan. Altogether K 270 million from the donations of the people has been spent on them. This does not include {contributed services}...."] Oct. 29: A terrible and alarming incident, by Myan Phi Thar. [Discovery of weapons, drugs, jade, political pamphlets in Mandalay monasteries. "The boycott by some members of the Sangha going on at present is connected with leftist and rightist political activities.... Members of the Sangha must live and act according to the Vinaya, and politicians should carry out political work without having evil thoughts and without using cunning methods."] Oct. 30: Some historical evidence obtained during a trip to Upper Myanmar Naing-Ngan, by Bo Thanmani. [British postal cancellations from Upper Burma: Nanmyo was "Fort Dufferin"; Pyin Oo Lwin was "Maymyo"; Putao was "Fort Hertz"; Samar was "Fort Morton"; Sadone was "Fort Harrison." "Now we must totally get rid of all the words which smack of colonialism and servitude.... The British imperialists not only gave the name of `Dufferin' to the Myanmar Palace but also set fire to it with bombs...." {photos of cancelling stamps and cancellations}.] Oct. 31: SLORC serving the interests of both the Sasana and the State, by Maung Myanmar. [(1) Review of SLORC crackdown on "unlawful Sangha organizations."] Oct. 31: Ovadakatha of Sayadaws from State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee and SLORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's supplications, by A Reporter. [(1) Gen. Saw Maung on Oct. 18 told the Committee that "There ought to be a limit in time for tolerance. I am also a pure Buddhist. All my ancestors on both sides of the family are Bamars. A am also a native of Mandalay. I tolerate as much as possible.... I will do what should be done after I have made a decision.... Some ask, `When will you transfer power?' I can't say for sure. I am not the one who can foresee the future. I am to solve by some means or other the problems or the situations as they arise.... The situation is on the brink...." Response of Committee Vice Chairman.] Historical Exhibition Sept. 30: The SLORC exhibition on "the historical trend of Myanmar politics and national objectives," at the Tatmadaw Hall on U Wisara Road, continued for the 13th day. Civil servants attended. // Oct. 1: 44 Political Party representatives, 99 Yangon LORC members, and 63 Tatmadaw officers attended. (WPD 10/2) // Oct. 2: 179 University faculty and education officials attended, and saw Prime Minister U Nu's request in 1958 to General Ne Win to form a Caretaker Government. (WPD 10/3) // Oct. 4: 353 university faculty members attended. (WPD 10/5) // Oct. 5: 340 university faculty members attended. (WPD 10/6) // Oct. 6: 338 university faculty members attended. (WPD 10/7) Oct. 7: 343 university and institute faculty members and 3 Naga politicians attended. Among the displays were the lists of the 570 persons arrested, 410 persons released, 51 persons against whom action was taken, and 109 persons under investigation since the May elections, as of Sept. 15, 1990. (WPD 10/8) // Oct. 8: 338 university faculty members attended. (WPD 10/9) // Oct. 9: 340 university faculty members attended. (WPD 10/10) Oct. 10: 233 medical faculty attended. (WPD 10/11) // Oct. 11: 400 medical personnel attended. (WPD 10/ 12) // Oct. 12: 344 medical personnel attended. (WPD 10/13) // Oct. 13: 478 medical personnel attended. (WPD 10/14) Oct. 14: Over 353 civil servants attended. (WPD 10/15) // Oct. 15: 153 Tatmadaw officers attended. (WPD 10/16) // Oct. 17: 238 Tatmadaw officers and civil servants attended. (WPD 10/18) Oct. 19: The exhibition will remain open from Oct. 23-29. (WPD 10/ 20) // Oct. 24: 21 members of Sangha and 546 others visited. (WPD 10/25) // Oct. 25: 23 Sangha members and 626 others visited. (WPD 10/26) Oct. 26: A new section on "anti-government activities of the members of Sangha on the pretext of staging a boycott," etc., and State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's "supplications to the State Sangha Nayaka Committee Sayadaws on religious matters," was added. (WPD 10/ 27) // Oct. 27: Illegal articles seized from Mandalay monasteries are on display. 20 Sangha members and 1,163 others visited. (WPD 10/28) // Oct. 28: 32 Sangha members and 1,540 others visited. (WPD 10/29) // Oct. 29: 39 Sangha members and 1,290 others visited. (WPD 10/30) Oct. 29: The Exhibition has been extended to Nov. 6 "according to popular demand." (WPD 10/30) // Oct. 30: 16 Sangha members and 471 others visited. (WPD 10/31) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt in Mon State Sept. 30: State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt visited Mon State on Sept. 29. At the Shwesaryan Pagoda in Thaton he was told by State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Bhaddanta Vayama that: "The sasana has to rely on the ruler or the government. Only when it can rely on the ruler or the government will it flourish. As stated in the treatises, the sasana has its ups and downs. If it wins the support of the government it flourishes. The sasana got ruined during the reigns of evil kings such as Kalagya at Bagan, Thonhanbwa at Innwa and Portuguese Ngazinga at Bago [Pegu] and Tanyin [Syriam]. It is the duty of the kings to extend assistance and support to the sasana. Good and noble kings can do so. The sasana will get ruined during the reigns of evil kings. "History shows that assistance and support given to the sasana during the time of the English (British) was insignificant. Under the present Myanmar Government, Pathamabyan, Dhammacariya and Tipitakadhara examinations are being held and the sasana has been flourishing." Members of the Sangha should keep themselves away from non-religious matters. Meeting the Thaton Township LORC, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said that "Some diplomats have interfered in our internal affairs in breach of their code of conduct and BBC, VOA and AIR are broadcasting false news.... We have warned them indirectly concerning such acts. But they increased broadcasting false news.... So, the officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had to meet a diplomat who represented the embassies and clarified points. Certain diplomats and some broadcasting stations can interfere in our internal affairs blatantly because traitors within the country and those who count on foreign countries are helping them daringly." [photos] (WPD 10/1) // [more photos] (WPD 10/2) Political Documents Recorded Oct. 1: State LORC Declaration No. 2/90 of Oct. 1, 1990 provides that: "The State Law and Order Restoration Council has received numerous letters and suggestions relating to political, economic and social matters from certain political parties, organizations and individuals. "It is hereby declared that such letters and suggestions have been placed on record with the State Law and Order Restoration Council to serve as historical evidence in future." (WPD 10/2) Press Conferences [Press conferences have been held regularly since 1988, first weekly, and, since July 19, 1990, fortnightly.] Oct. 5: At the l05th State LORC Press Conference, spokesmen said: :Agriculture and Economy -- Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe discussed the introduction of a market economy and increased private enterprise in agriculture. There are 25 million acres of land under cultivation, of which 5 million are multi-cropped. This could be increased to 46 million by making use of fallow and virgin land. Water resources are being developed, as in the Mu and Sittaung Valley Projects. The State is seeking to promote inputs of seed, fertilizers, farm machinery, and food processing equipment, and "concentrating on making land available primarily for the private sector...." Joint ventures with domestic and foreign entrepreneurs are sought, but proposals for 60- and 90-year joint ventures "have been temporarily held in abeyance." "Just as agricultural produce domestically produced is freely bought and sold both inside, and outside the country, so also goods from abroad can be freely imported." -- He said agricultural production was up this year, with good climatic conditions. There will be paddy for both domestic consumption and export, with stabilized prices. -- Forest products, except teak, are now open to private entrepreneurs, who are active in exporting pyinkado, padauk, and tarmalan. "But there is a tendency for domestic timber price to be unstable and to rise because traders try to pay more and upset the market in their attempts to quickly earn FE to bring in imports." Sawn timber should be sold locally, while exporting finished or semi-finished products. Experts say that thitkha, pyinma, mahogany, dinka, hnaw, etc. are good for furniture, not just teak. "Emphasis is placed on Sustainable Yield and to ensure this, care is taken not to exceed the Annual Allowable Cut. Annual production is 335,000 tons of teak and 1.3 million tons of hardwood. But hardwood cannot be extracted in full and only teak meets the annual target of 335,000 tons." -- Fresh-water fish output in 1989-90 was 87.71 million viss, of which the State sector output was 1.52 million viss or 1.7%. Salt-water fish output was 361.64 million viss, of which the State sector produced 11.66 million viss or 3.2%. Meat production (beef, mutton, pork, chicken, duck and turkey) was 104.43 million viss, of which the State sector produced 0.72 million viss or 0.6%. Salt-water fish and prawn sustainable production is over 1 million tons; of which the actual catch of 0.59 million tons is only 59%. General Saw Maung has "time and again reminded that not to cause extinction of species supersedes the earning of money." In fish breeding, 6,947 acres of ponds produced 4.13 million viss; expansion to 400,000 acres is possible. Salt-water fish are being bred on 10,000 acres in Rakhine coastal areas; expansion to 100,000 acres is possible. In cooperation with the Cherry Valley Farm of Great Britain, duck production can be increased by 1 million viss every year. -- Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel said that many changes would accompany the change to a market economy. "The distribution of rice and edible oil is only for a certain period of time .... In the future the state will plan only for armed forces personnel and social welfare organizations. At the moment, we distribute only major foodstuffs and and goods to regulate the market so that no manipulation of market is possible...." -- He said that "regarding the changing of exchange rates, we have not been thinking of it. Compared to...other countries, our [foreign debt] is very small...only US$ 4.2 billion." [Arrangements for foreign trade, joint ventures, etc. reviewed.] "There are now 1,329 exporters and 522 importers. The number of business representatives is 367. There are 480 partnership firms. There are 456 Myanmar companies and 63 foreign companies. 23 joint venture corporations and 4 associations and organizations are also included in the total number of 3,244 economic organizations...." :US Ambassador Rejected -- With regard to the appointment of Frederick Vreeland as American Ambassador to Myanmar, the spokesman said that Myanmar had approved the nomination on June 9, and that on June 12 Mr. Vreeland had met in Rome with Myanmar Ambassador to Italy U Thein Toe and expressed the wish to promote friendly relations. However, on Oct. 2 the BBC quoted Mr. Vreeland as saying that "he believed that economic sanction against the military government is unavoidable since [it] has failed to transfer power and taken political prisoners." -- The State LORC on Oct. 4 "decided to withdraw the agreement on the appointment of Mr. Vreeland", and so informed the proper persons. Meanwhile, on Oct. 5, the Washington Times Daily said Vreeland had been for 33 years with the CIA under State Department cover. The VOA on Oct. 4 said the Senate was hesitating on the appointment. The Thai Nation Daily on Oct. 4 said Mr. Vreeland "had hindered investigations into the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II in Rome in 1981. He was involved in the effort for releasing false news that Bulgaria and the Soviet Union were involved... General Saw Maung declared on 9-5-90 that the existing American Ambassador...had connections with CIA." Consultations began on June 29 so that Ambassador Levin could be recalled "within the stipulated period of time following the agreement on...Mr. Vreeland.... Generally, an Ambassador has to be sent within one month or one and a half months after the agreement on appointment of a new Ambassador. However, in this case, it was about four months after accepting the approval, that the above-mentioned news appeared. Therefore the [SLORC] had to withdraw the agreement...." -- [Facsimiles of Western news articles linking Mr. Vreeland to the CIA and to the "Pope `coverup'".] -- "We would like to present a letter reflecting the position and attitude of American Ambassador... Burton Levin, [sent to a political party, and saying] `My government continues to hope for a peaceful resolution to the differences between the military leadership and the people of Myanmar and has said so on many occasions. We also believe that the most effective means of reconciliation would be for the SLORC to respect the wishes of the people of Myanmar by handing over power to their elected representatives.' The journalists know just how much interference there has been in our internal affairs." --[Facsimile of letter from Ambassador Burton to Vice Chairman U Than Maung of the Unity & Development Party, dated Sept. 12, 1990. The letter also says {in language just preceding that quoted by the spokesman} that "I note your request that this Embassy `persuade tactfully' leading personalities of the NLD to accept Government Order 1/90. Implicit in this request is the incorrect assumption that this Embassy, either directly or indirectly influences or seeks to influence the decisions and policies of Myanmar parties. Official media assertions to the contrary, the U.S. Government has not interfered in Myanmar's internal affairs, nor will it do so."] -- The BBC on Oct. 5 said the Journalists Protection Committee in New York had condemned the arrest of four persons as "a great blow to the freedom of press and the freedom of speech." Regarding this, many sarsaungs are being published legally and illegally, as by the National League for Democracy, Union Nationals Democracy Party, and the Unity and Development Party formerly led by Thakin Soe and Vidhura Thakin Chit Maung. "We have only taken action against those who are publishing sarsaungs to defame and discredit the Government." -- On Sept. 27 General Saw Maung told the new Indian Ambassador that the AIR [All India Radio] was broadcasting the announcements of the insurgents, including the Secretary of the DAB, and of expatriat Tin Maung Win of CRDB "and that the AIR could therefore be regarded as the voice of the insurgents." -- Myanmar has no intention of joining organizations, such as the South Asia Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) or the Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN). -- SLORC Declaration 1/90 came out July 27, while the NLD's Gandhi Declaration was issued July 28. The NLD on Sept. 17 issued resolution 5/90 calling for talks with the SLORC. Since the SLORC is not a party, it will not discuss political matters outside the framework of law. Parties are to file financial reports, which will be checked and "if any discrepancy or cheating is found, action will be taken against those concerned according to law." The SLORC "will constantly continue to firmly stand by the terms of Declaration 1/90." -- "We have been hearing some people saying in that the State today is leaderless.... Gen. Saw Maung is leading the [SLORC] Government, that it is a de facto government, and is freely and independently governing the nation.... The Leader of the State today is Senior General Saw Maung." -- The June 4 issue of The Nation said that the ABSDF called for a transfer of power. "ABSDF members are now frequently surrendering." (WPD 10/6) Oct. 19: At the 106th State LORC Press Conference, spokesmen said: :Constitutional Plans -- The National League for Democracy meeting No. 6/90, and a subsequent NLD meeting in Mandalay, both held since the last SLORC Press Conference of Oct. 6, called for: (1) convening a Pyithu Hluttaw session as soon as possible; (2) transfer of power "according to the temporary constitution they framed"; (3) drawing up a new constitution; (4) negotiations [with the SLORC]. This "amounts to saying that the party that won the majority of Hluttaw seats want to assume power according to the constitution they drew up and get the Hluttaw to draw up a new constitution." But the constitution concerns all 135 national races, the worker and peasant class, and others like soldiers and civil servants. The Union National League for Democracy (UNLD) on Feb. 8 proposed a constitution with 8 states, each having full sovereigny, and a bicameral parliament. The NLD wants 7 states and 7 divisions. Others want Myanmar proper divided into three states, Upper, Central, and Lower. Thanmani Bo Khin Maung's `Da Nya Ta' is reported to have accepted the 1947 Constitution. Kayin insurgent Nga Mya and others in the jungle advocate small republics with their own governments and armies. Kyaikmaraw U Thwin, expatriate Tin Maung Win of the CRDB, and the ABSDF, back KNU Nga Mya's attitude. An article by Win Myint Maw broadcast on All India Radio called for a national seminar grouping political parties, student Thamaggas (unions), distinguished people from the past, personalities from social organizations, armed national races organizations, leftist and rightist armed elements, expatriates groups and intelligentsia, student Thamaggas and organizations abroad, and international observers. Thus, different groups have different views on the constitution. "It has therefore become evident that emergence of a new constitution acceptable to the majority is a basic requirement." The 1947 and 1974 constitutions caused insurgencies. "Only after the emergence of a constitution acceptable to all will there be a transfer of power." -- Parties must complete monetary requirements. "It will not do just to mention the expenses. There must be accurate accounts compiled as to where the money was obtained, how much was spent and how much remained. For example, there was money given to the National League for Democracy. [K200,000 from National Peace and Democracy Party Chairman U Darwood Jamari; K10,000 from the League of Patriotic Old Comrades; and K100,000 from U K Ba Thaung.] "We would like to ask [the Parties] whether they have kept systematic accounts in advance and how they would solve the legal problem in future if they have not kept accounts." The SLORC warned the people connected with Nu's parallel government in advance "with cetana because the existence of a parallel government would affect the election.... It is also with cetana that we have reminded as regards accounts, because they may become problems one day." -- U Chit Khaing [detained NLD official] denied responsibility for the bulletin "Khut-daung-thit" issued by the NLD (Youth) in Mandalay in July 1990, though it bore his name and exemption permit number, and his signed letter of authorization was seized. "Action will duly be taken according to law." -- The VOA broadcast reports on Oct. 11 of the NLD Oct. 5-9 Central Executive Committee Leading Body meeting, saying that the NLD "has decided to make strenuous efforts to gain power." The BBC on Sept. 19 broadcast that the NLD had named U Aung Shwe as spokesman after the detention of U Kyi Maung and U Chit Khaing. Despite denials, "it is obvious that there are those in the party who are sending news directly to foreign periodicals and news agencies.... By sending news directly to foreign news agencies undesirable problem can arise and it is not good. Hence it is necessary to enquire which members are sending news directly to foreign news agencies." -- Mandalay NLD Central Body member U Ohn Kyaing and Mandalay Division Organization Committee member U Thein Tan have been sentenced to 7 years' imprisonment for "creating disturbances by writing false news regarding the 8-8-90 disturbances in Mandalay." Sentence was handed down by military tribunal and reported in the Sept. 8 Loktha Pyithu Nezin. -- In response to a question about State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's supplications [of Oct. 18--relevant issue of WPD not received, but see text in political article on Oct. 31 with text {above}] to the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee about BCP involvement with students and the Sangha, a journalist wanted to know "the number of boycott camps of the members of the Sangha...." Despite BCP efforts, the spokesman said "that there were no boycott camps in Mandalay, that some members of the Sangha under the leadership of Sangha Tammaggyi had staged a boycott to show their dissatisfaction with 8-8-90 Mandalay affair by denying acceptance of alms and offeratories by the armed organizations and that the term `boycott camp' came out as a mere expression and there were no boycott camps at all." -- It was not true that prisoners named Myo Kyin, Hkun Sai, Sithu, and Kyaw Htay had "died in the Insein Jail commotion when the security unit members attempted to bring the situation under control." Rather, the spokesman said "that some prisoners on 18 September had staged hunger strike as a gesture... against the [SLORC]'s assumption of the responsibilities of the State, that not a single security unit from outside had intervened...that the hunger strike had ended within one or two days...[and] that three or four persons who had played the leading role in that matter were sent to other prisons separately ...." Thus relatives didn't find them at Insein, and started the rumor. (WPD 10/20) Press Release to Diplomats Oct. 5: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued the following Press Release [text]: "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Myanmar would like to bring to the attention of the Diplomatic Corps in Yangon that although the State Law and Order Restoration Council is by its nature not a de jure Government as it has not been constituted under an existing constitution, it is the de facto Government of the Union of Myanmar since its assumption of responsibilities on 18 September 1988. At present, the State Law and Order Restoration Council is endeavouring its utmost to create favourable conditions where democracy can flourish in the Union of Myanmar. This is being done in accordance with Myanmar's outlook and in a Myanmar's way to suit the nation's own specific conditions and circumstances. "As the diplomats are no doubt aware, the Union of Myanmar has practised and continues to practise an independent and active foreign policy based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. In the exercise of its foreign policy, the Union of Myanmar has always been guided by these Five Principles in its relationship with other countries. Maintaining friendly ties with all the nations in the world, particularly with the neighbouring countries is a cardinal pillar of its international activities. Myanmar Naing-Ngan harbours no antagonism against any country whatsoever. On the other hand, it is unacceptable that foreign countries, at this delicate and sensitive stage and time of transition, exert unwarranted and unjustified pressure on the nation. The State Law and Order Restoration Council would like to reiterate that whatever external pressure is exerted, it would continue to shoulder the tasks that have been set out. Such pressure, which is exerted by a minority of countries, can only be counter-productive to their interests as well. As for Myanmar Naing-Ngan, in keeping with the responsibilities of a member of the United Nations, it has always respected and scrupulously adheres to the Principles of the United Nations Charter. "In accordance with the de facto status of the Government, the State Law and Order Restoration Council has conducted its responsibilities and activities according to the law. Should it be deemed necessary, the State Law and Order Restoration Council will continue to exercise Martial Law until such time a firm constitutionally established Government comes into existence. In the exercise of judicial responsibilities, Martial Law is being applied in serious cases which warrant such action. In other instances, regular Civil Law Cours have continue to function. "To have democracy flourish in this country, it is imperative that there should be respect for law and order and discipline. In this aspect, the diplomats based in Yangon should understand and appreciate the delicateness of the prevailing situation, and that responsibilities also rest with them to help the Government in its endeavour for the establishment of a firm democratic state. "It needs hardly be mentioned that the peace and stability of Myanmar will contribute to the peace and stability of the region as a whole. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Y a n g o n Dated: 5th October 1990. (WPD 10/6) Political Arrest Oct. 8: A National League for Democracy township organizer, U Maung Maung, 40, of Yenangyoung, was "arrested on 6 September for distributing pamphlets slandering the government and those in the leadership .... Stern punishment will be meted out, it is learnt." (WPD 10/9) Curfew Relaxed Oct 10: State LORC Order No. 4/90 of Oct. 10, provides that "No one shall go into the streets from 23:00 hours (11 pm) to 04:30 hours (4 am) without specific permission to do so." The previous curfew hours had started at 10 pm. (WPD 10/11) SLORC Ousts U Nu from Party Oct. 11: State LORC Order No. 5/90 of Oct. 11 provides that: "It is found that the following patron and members of the central executive committee of the League for Democracy & Peace (L.D.P.) which was registered with the Multi-Party Democracy General Election Commission on 21-11-88 have not yet, till this day resigned from or been cancelled from the membership of a parallel government as declared by them. Since the existence of these persons as such are not in accordance with law, their names are hereby cancelled from the list of names of the patron and members of the central executive committee of the League for Democracy & Peace (L.D.P.):-- (1) U Nu (2) Bohmu Aung (Thirty Comrades) (3) Thakin Chit (4) U Than Sein (5) Thakin Khin Aung (6) U Ba Swe (7) U Nyunt Aung" (WPD 10/12) Crackdown on Unlawful Monks Oct. 18: [Gen. Saw Maung announced plans for action against unlawful Buddhist monks in three days. (WPD 10/19--not received.) But see political article published Oct. 31] Oct. 19: Member of the State Central Working Committee of the Sangha Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Pannindabhivamsa of Aung Myay Bon San Kyaungtaik noted the General's intentions, and that under Pyithu Law No. 9 protecting the Decisions of Vinaya Dhamma Kamma cases, and that as the State had "provided executive power for the purification, perpetuation and propagation of Sasana, the bogus and imitation monks must be removed." Religious Affairs Department Director-General U Arnt Maung reviewed the long history of Royal support of Sangha discipline, and the institution of the Sasanabaings, until the colonial regime ended them. He said "that as there were over 300,000 members of Sangha in Myanmar...it was evident that there should be an administrative body to handle the Sangha affairs," and this was why the "sole Sangha Organization" had been established. In conclusion "he called upon those attending the meeting to stay away from Sangha organizations which were outside the legal Sangha organizations." (WPD 10/20) Oct. 20: State LORC Order No. 6/90 of Oct. 20 provides that [text]: 1. In the Union of Myanmar the freedom of worship to various religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and others is allowed. Amongst such religions, in Buddhism there exist the following nine sects of Sangha:- (a) Sudhamma Sect; (b) Shwekyin Sect; (c) Dhammanudhamma Mahadvara Nikaya Sect; (d) Dhammavinayanuloma Muladvara Nikaya Sect; (e) Ah-nauk-Chaung Dvara Sect; (f) Veluvana Nikaya Sect; (g) Catubhummika Mahasatipatthana Nget-twin Sect; (h) Ganavimutti Kudo Sect; (i) Dhammayutti Nikaya Ma-har-yin Sect. 2. The 1218 Sayadaws representing the above mentioned nine Sects of Sangha held the first Congregation of Sangha of All Orders for the Purification, Perpetuation and Propagation of the Buddha Sasana in the Mahapasana Cave, Kaba-Aye Hillock, Yangon for four days from 11th to 14th Waxing of Nayon, 1342 ME (from 24th to 27th May, 1980) and in that congregation the Sangha Organization Basic Regulations and Procedures, procedures relating to the settlement of Vinayadhamma Adhikarana disputes were approved and promulgated. 3. According to the approved and promulgated Basic Regulations and Procedures, the State Ovadacariya Committee, the State Central Working Committee of Sangha, the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, the State or Divisional Sangha Nayaka Committee, Township or Village-tract Sangha Nayaka Committee were formed at all levels and activities for the purification, perpetuation and propagation of the three Sasanas, namely, Pariyatti Sasana, Patipatti Sasana and Pativedha Sasana have been carried out systematically and continuously. 4. However, at present with the exception of the lawfully existing nine Sects of sanghas and Sangha Organizations at all levels, it is found that unlawful activities are being carried out by the Sangha Samaggi Organization, the Young Sangha Organization etc. On scrutiny of the activities of such unlawful Sangha Organizations, it is also found that the activities are being carried out not for the perpetuation and propagation of the three Sasanas, namely, Pariyatti Sasana, Patipatti Sasana, Pattivedha Sasana, but for political purposes which are not appropriate to the Sasana. 5. The aforesaid unlawful Sangha Organizations not only fail to accept the control of the Sangha Organizations at all levels which are performing the duties of purification, perpetuation and propagation of Sasana but are also carrying out activities to disintegrate lawful Sangha Organizations by threatening and coercing Sangha Nayaka Sayadaws. Besides, it is found that such unlawful Sangha Organizations are disturbing the rule of law and peace and tranquillity by threat, coercion and strike against the State by gesture or sound or publication. 6. Therefore, the State Law and Order Restoration Council in pursuance of the purification, perpetuation and propagation of Sasana and the rule of law and tranquillity hereby makes the following Order:-- (a) with the exception of the nine Sects of Sanghas and Sangha Organizations at all levels formed under the control and supervision of such nine Sects of Sanghas, other unlawful Sangha Organizations being the Sangha Samaggi Organization, the Young Sangha Organization, the Presiding Sayadaws Sangha Organization and similar Sangha Organizations shall be abolished with effect from 12 p.m. the 3rd Waxing of Tazaungmon, 1352 ME (20th October, 1990). Those disobeying this Order shall not exist as Samuti Sangha. (b) political parties are prohibited from carrying out activities for the benefit of their party by misusing religion. Action shall be taken under the existing laws against political parties disobeying this Order. 7. This Order shall have the force of law. Sd. Saw Maung Senior General Chairman, The State Law and Order Restoration Council (WPD 10/21) Oct. 21: State LORC Order No. 7/90 of Oct. 21 provides [text]: 1. The State Law and Order Restoration Council, in pursuance of the purification, perpetuation and propagation of Sasana and the rule of law and the regional peace and tranquillity made the Order No. 6/90 dated the 20th October 1990 and thereby abolished the unlawful Sangha Organizations being the Sangha Samaggi Organization, the Young Sangha Organization, the Presiding Sayadaws Sangha Organization with effect from 12 p.m., the 3rd Waxing of Tazaungmon, 1352 M.E. (20th October, 1990). Furthermore those continuing to carry out the activities without abolishing such unlawful Sangha Organizations under the said Order have no right to exist as Samuti Sangha. 2. Recently, on interrogation of a monk who acted as Secretary of the United Front of Strikes and the leader of an organization under the name of Eindawgyi Column during the 1988 crisis in Mandalay, it was disclosed that he urged a political party to endeavour for the speedy transfer of power. Furthermore, it was also disclosed that the monk himself carried out political activities in organizing certain monks and Sanghas to overthrow the Government of the State Law and Order Restoration Council and to have power transferred to that political party speedily. Likewise, it was also found that certain persons under the name of Samuti Sangha are involved in party politics. 3. It was found that persons under the name of Samuti Sangha participated in unlawful Sangha Organizations who, instead of engaging in the duties and functions of the monks and sangha such as purification, perpetuation and propagation of the three Sasanas namely Pariyatti Sasana, Patipatti Sasana and Pativedha Sasana are carrying out activities which are inconsistent with and detrimental to the same. 4. Consequently, power is conferred on Military Commanders to investigate and reveal the above-mentioned persons and to take effective action against them. 5. Should it be necessary to take action under the law against the persons revealed under this Order, the Military Commanders are conferred Martial Law powers in respect of the judiciary in order to effect speedy trial of cases instituted against such persons. In causing the trial of such cases, it shall be in accordance with the powers contained in the Martial Law Order No. 2/89 dated 18th July, 1989 of the State Law and Order Restoration Council. 6. This Order shall have the force of law. Sd Saw Maung Senior General Chairman, The State Law and Order Restoration Council (WPD 10/22) Oct. 21: Touring Mandalay and Monywa, State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung "called for efforts to bring about purification, perpetuation and propagation of the Sangha, ensure the rule of law, maintain peace and tranquillity and implementing of construction projects." He and his party then "went on pilgrimage to Byadeikpay Buddha Image on Mandalay Hill and Sudaungpyay Pagoda in Mandalay Nandwin." (WPD 10/22) Oct. 21: News article [text]: "Some members of Sangha in Yangon cancel agreement signed in support of the boycott. Some members of Sangha of some monasteries in Yangon Division had signed an agreement supporting the boycott staged by the Sangha Samaggi Organization of Mandalay's four sections. "Within the period from midnight of 20-10-90 to 5.45 pm on 21-10-90, subsequent to the [SLORC] Order No. 6/90 dated 20-10-90, a total of 172 members of Sangha of 148 monasteries led by U Sumangala of Maha Gandayon Kyaungtaik, U Tiloka of Insein Ywama Pariyatti Sarthintaik, U Tejinda of Alon Aungmingala Taikthit, U Pannasiri of Kwinkyaung Pariyatti Sarthintaik, U Kontanna of Bahan Maha Withokdaryon Kyaungtaik, U Kalyana of Naynattha Sarthintaik and U Ottama of Aungmingala Theikdi Sarthintaik put their signatures cancelling their agreement supporting the Pattanikkujjana Kamma staged by some members of Sangha of Mandalay, it is learnt." (WPD 10/22) Oct. 22: Since Order No. 6/90, 194 members of 167 monasteries in Yangon Division have cancelled their agreement supporting the Pattanikkujjana Kamma. On Oct. 21, 22 teaching members of the Sangha from 18 monasteries in Monywa "held a ceremony to call off the boycott". (WPD 10/23) Oct. 22: Security units entered the Mandalay Phayagyi Taik and "cleared up the monasteries where there was Laybyin Layyyat Sangha Samaggi." Anti-government documents published by "the BCP UGs" were seized. 133 monasteries in the precinct of Phayagyi Taik were cleared. One of them was that of U Khemacara who is a member of Mandalay Laybyin Layyat Sangha Samaggi Ahphwegyoke. He "has been engaged in political affairs and this is a disgrace to the Sangha." Seized were sarsaungs including "Pyithu Arnar" (People's Power) Journal Volume 6, badges of the National League for Democracy, Democratic Party for New Society, and students' thamagga, etc., seditious pamphlets and documents, wigs and layman clothes, jinglee bolts and catapults, etc. [photos of seized items; more on subsequent days.] Gwaygyo Taik (Mandalay SW Twp), Moegaung Taik, Htilin Taik, Bagan Taik, Khinmakan Taik, Saku Taik, Taung Thaman Taik, Maygawati Taik, Masoeyein Taik (old), Masoeyein Taik (new) and Myataung Taik (Mandalay SE Twp), "where unlawful organizations are active are being surrounded by the security unit members." "At a time while measures are being taken to expose some unlawful Sangha organizations which are active in Mandalay, some foreign broadcasting stations have broadcast false news... To the contrary, the situation in the city of Mandalay is normal with people going about their work and with many places crowded with people as usual." (WPD 10/23) Oct. 22: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung called on State Sangha Mahanayaka Committee Secretary-General Tipitakadhara Dhammabhandagarika Abhidhajamaharattnaguru Bhaddanta Vicittasarabhivamsa at the Dammanada Kyaungtaik in Mingun village, Sagaing, who said he looked at Gen. Saw Maung's photograph every day, which "brings honour to the State." He thanked the General for assistance to Mingun, said Gen. Saw Maung's statements "are in conformity with Bhaddekaratta Sutta," rejoiced at the ending of the boycott [against accepting alms from the military--HCMacD], and called for ending "the four deprivations resulting from the boycott." (WPD 10/24) Oct. 23: Editorial: [SLORC] Order No 6/90: "All true Buddhists who have at heart the purification, perpetuation and propagation of the Buddha Sasana will surely welcome the Order [No. 6/90]." (WPD 10/23) Oct. 23: 46 Sangha members from 43 monasteries in Bago Division [some named] have cancelled their agreement supporting the Pattanikkujjana Kamma in Mandalay. (WPD 10/24) Oct. 23: Security units entered Masoeyein Taik (new) and Masoeyein Taik (old) in Mandalay. They entered 17 kyaungtaiks in Masoeyein Taik (new) and seized agitative leaflets and journals published by member of Mandalay Laybyin Layyat Sangha Samaggi Ahphwegyoke U Laba (a) U Vayama, as well as 9 rounds of ammunition, etc. They entered 15 kyaungs in Masoeyein Taik (old) and seized agitative pamphlets and journals by Ahphwegyoke member U Kosalla, as well as knives, ammunition, etc. One man and 3 women were captured. The other Taiks [as listed above] "are still being surrounded." Mandalay is normal. (WPD 10/24) Oct. 24: Editorial: Fully justified: "The abolition of unlawful Sangha organizations...which have been found to be active in deed, speech, print in ways directly contrary to the Purification, Perpetuation and Propagation of the Buddha Sasana have been widely acclaimed by all pious and well-informed Buddhists...." (WPD 10/24) Oct. 24: Security units "entered and cleared up" monasteries in Myataungtaik, Gwechotaik, Htilintaik, Mogaungtaik, Khinmakantaik, and Sagutaik in Mandalay "where there was unlawful Laybyin Layyat Sangha Samaggi." They seized The Ottama journal, Pyithu Hit-taing, Shit-lay-lon newspaper, Meepwar bulletin, Ayeyarwady bulletin, Eindawya bulletin, Democracy bulletin, Arzani bulletin, Khut-daung bulletin, Daung Myanmar bulletin, Moethauk-kyai bulletin, Gyobyu bulletin, Kyai-ni bulletin, Pyithu Arman bulletin, Alinyaung newspaper, Doe Doe Dauk Dauk cartoon, Galon-ni newspaper, and Naing-Ngan Yay newspaper published by "the BCP UG's." Arms, jade, gold and silver were seized. The units "entered and cleared up" 24 monasteries and 10 Soonsarkyaugs in the Myataungtaik, seizing jade and publications; jade and pamphlets at Gwechotaik; heroin, gampbling gear, and cassettes by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi at Htilintaik and Bagantaik; gold, K 146,369, 3 kilos of heroin, 80 military uniforms and pamphlets from Khinmakantaik; and a rifle and pamphlets from Sagutaik. [fuller lists printed] "Though the security unit members had to unavoidably entered and cleared up [sic] monasteries, they, as pure Buddhists and pure Myanmars, took off their shoes, paid obeisance to presiding Sayadaws and other Sayadaws and made a request to them and sought permission when they entered the monasteries according to Myanmar culture. They also systematically searched the materials and put them back neatly. Sayadaws were delighted as the security unity members carried out their duty for the purification and perpetuation of the Sasana. Townsfolk were also delighted and they welcomed the work for the purification of the Sasana. The situation in Mandalay is normal ...." (WPD 10/25) Oct. 24: Sangha members in Sagaing called off the boycott. 42 members [some named] were present. "Sagaing Division LORC Chairman Col Than Tin supplicated to the Sayadaws to call off the boycott." (WPD 10/25) Oct. 26: Editorial: Continued Purification of the Sasana: "The revelations which have resulted from searches...in some of the monasteries in Mandalay will surely prove to be shocking eye-openers,...not the least for confirmed sceptics and cynics.... The enormous amount of agitative literature, all kinds of anti-government tracts, reproduction machinery and equipment for producing such things, illegal flags, badges of political parties, illegal arm-bands, all kinds of rubber stamps of illegal organizations, books on political ideology, lethal weapons and arms and ammunition, gold jewellery and jade stones, military uniforms and even heroin and wigs and false hair, a cache of over K 140,000 in cash...so far found...have nothing to do with religious pursuits.... "The action...taken in complete uniformity with legal and religious requirements, is literally a stitch in time.... Thje [SLORC] has been in the forefront of all lay activities being conducted [for the Buddha Sasana]. Never before at any given time in modern history has so much been done for the promotion of the Sasana as of today. Even a casual glance at the newspapers makes this obvious. "What then of the monastic order? One rotten fish does not indicate that an entire boatload is rotten; nor does one rotten apple, an entire bushel. The things which are incompatible with Buddha Sasana are surely not done by the overwhelming majority of monastic order who remain true to their code of conduct. Those Sangha who have consistently remained true to the Vinayapitaka will surely rejoice at the continued activities being taken for the purification of the Buddha Sasana." (WPD 10/26) Oct. 26: Security personnel "clearing up monasteries" on Oct. 25 found 853 bags of rice, 220 bags of matpe, and 20 bags of sunflower at Saku Kyaung Taik and Thandawhsint Kyaung, and 304 bags of rice at Myatheindan Kyaung. On Oct. 26 they seized 268 viss of jade hidden in the compound of Mingun Taik Manimyitzu Monastery (Mandalay SW Twp.), and 120 gallons of petrol at Mingun Taik Aungtheikdi Yadanabon Monastery. (WPD 10/27, repeated 10/28) Oct. 27: Security personnel on Oct. 26 seized 49.2 viss of jade, etc. from Thabye Kyaung of Minguntaik; 38.5 viss of jade from Thayetpin Khaung; many jade objects [specified}, K 177,965, and 8 daggers from Waiyanbontha Kyaung; and jade from Thiri Mingala Kyaung. Likewise jade, rubies, Russian diamond, sapphire, emeralds, and other gems [detailed] were seized from Allakappa Kyaung of Hlawtaung Kyaungtaik. (WPD 10/28) Oct. 28: Speaking in Mawlamyine on Oct. 27, State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt said: "The BCP established foothold in border areas and carried out their activities. It disintegrated as those from the national races did not accept it; but it did not get totally destroyed. The communists are like cancer and once they have got a foothold, it is not easy to dislodge them. "The BCP cells took refuge in monasteries in Mandalay and using religion as a cover they distributed anti-government pamphlets and leaflets. Some members of Sangha in collaboration with the politicians, carried out their movement on 8-8-90. Foreign radio stations broadcast exaggerated and false news on it. "Unity of Sangha of All Orders could be affected owing to leftist and rightist schemes and movements. Moreover, there have been threats against the Reverend Sayadaws. The SLORC then issued Order No 6/90 to keep the situation under control. It also issued Order No 7/90 investing powers to Command Commanders and made them perform duties to ensure perpetuity of the unity of Sangha of All Orders. Accordingly, those posing danger to religion and using it as a stepping-stone are being sought and exposed." (WPD 10/29) Oct. 29: Editorial: Story Retold. "[We] have had ample evidence of the perfidy and treachery of the BCP. And it is a story well worth retelling.... Now the story has been retold once again in the expose made during the searches conducted on certain monasteries of Mandalay which appear to have exhibited an un-monkish character in their intransigence and in activities totally incompatible with the code of conduct of the Sangha. The things discovered, ranging from politically-inspired literature, lethal weapons, wigs and false hair, to women's apparel, jade, playing cards, heroin and jewellery offer firm evidence that whatever has been going on at these monasteries have not all been monkly pursuits...." (WPD 10/ 29) Oct. 30: Mandalay Commander Maj-Gen. Tun Kyi "explained matters relating to compiling data for Samanera membership cards," in a meeting with officials concerned. (WPD 10/31) [Following the raids on Mandalay monasteries, almost every issue of WPD had a full page of photographs of seized items deemed incompatible with religion, including weapons, gems, political pamphlets, etc.] ELECTIONS Election Tribunals The Government has formed Election Tribunals to hear specific election complaints: Tribunal No. 1: Oct. 2: Heard the Ingapu-2 case, rejecting complainant's letter of objection but allowing a revised one. (WPD 10/3) // Oct. 10: Heard the Kyaikmaraw-2 case, with testimony recounted; next hearing Oct. 11. (WPD 10/14) // Oct. 12: Heard the Ingapu-2 case (WPD 10/13) // Oct. 16: Heard the Ingapu-2 case; next hearing Oct. 17. (WPD 10/18) // Oct. 23: Heard testimony in the Kyaikmaraw-2 case on Mon interference, etc.. (WPD 10/25) // Oct. 24: Heard the Ingapu-2 case; next hearing Nov. 5. (WPD 10/26) // Oct. 15: Heard more evidence on voting irregularities in the Kyaikmaraw-2 case; next hearing Nov. 7. (WPD 10/ 27) Tribunal No. 2: Oct. 1: Heard the Chipwe case; Chairman asked whether U G Bawng Hlan had improperly forced voters to vote for him and "had used the influence of insurgents to win votes," whether the election should be nullified, and whether U Rawbon should be declared the winner. Next hearing Oct. 29. (WPD 10/2) // Oct. 4: Heard the Bogale-1 case. (WPD 10/5) // Oct. 8: Heard the Bogale-2 case. Were voters prevented from voting? Did NLD block entry and make it difficult for NUP voters? (WPD 10/10) // Oct. 9: Heard the Bogale-1 case. Was NLD candidate's name at top of ballot in NLD specimen ballots instead of in alphabetical order? Was NUP symbol misprinted? Did NLD use threats at polls? (WPD 10/ 10) // Oct. 12: Heard the Bogale-2 case; next hearing Oct. 17. (WPD 10/ 13) // Oct. 15: Heard the Bogale-1 case; next hearings Nov.6-7. (WPD 10/16) // Oct. 26: Heard evidence in the Bogale-2 case; next hearing Nov. 8. (WPD 10/28) Tribunal No. 3: Oct. 1: Heard the Myaung-1 case; next hearings Oct. 15-16. (WPD 10/2) // Oct. 2: Heard the Pyin-Oo-Lwin [Maymyo] case. (WPD 10/3) // Oct. 8: Heard the Pyin-Oo-Lwin case. Complainant (NUP) allowed to file revised complaint. (WPD 10/ 10) // Oct. 12: Heard the Pyin-Oo-Lwin case, with a revised complaint. Next hearing Oct. 24. (WPD 10/13) // Oct. 15: Heard evidence in the Myaung-1 case. The winner ran as an independent after being expelled from the NLD, but continued to use NLD facilities and symbols. (WPD 10/ 18) // Oct 16: Heard more evidence in the Myaung-1 case; next hearing Nov. 5. (WPD 10/20) Tribunal No. 4: Oct. 2: Heard the Sittwe-1 case; did Moslems illegally tamper with voters and voting? (WPD 10/3) // Oct. 16: Heard the Sittwe-1 case; next hearing Nov. 6. (WPD 10/ 18) Tribunal No. 5: Oct. 5: Heard the Thantlang case. (WPD 10/7) // Oct. 8: Heard the Homalin-2 case. (WPD 10/10) // Oct. 10: Heard the Thantlang case; issues are whether the victor sought votes on a tribal basis, used intimidation, etc.; next hearing Oct. 19. (WPD 10/12) // Oct. 15: Heard the Homalin-2 case; did people vote illegally on behalf of relatives, etc. Next hearing Nov. 5. (WPD 10/18) // Oct. 26: Heard the Thantlang case; next hearing Nov. 5. (WPD 10/27) Election Announcements Oct. 5: General Election Commission Announcement No. 900 of Oct. 5, notes that U Sao Tha Tint, elected Pyithu Hluttaw representative from Pinlaung-2, Shan State, died on Sept. 26, 1990, and that his name is therefore removed from the list of representatives. (WPD 10/6) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Oct. 2: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (WPD 10/3) Oct. 5: The Chinese Ambassador on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 10/6) Oct. 6: The Chinese Ambassador on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (WPD 10/7) Oct. 15: Indian Ambassador Shri Preet Mohan Singh Malik on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (WPD 10/16) Oct. 17: The Indian Ambassador on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 10/ 18) Oct. 23: Philippine Ambassador Mrs. Rosalinda V. Tirona on SLORC Vice Chairman Gen. Than Shwe. (WPD 10/24) Oct. 25: Chinese Ambassador Cheng Ruisheng on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun, to invite him to attend the 12th Conference of Labour Ministers from the Asia and Pacific Regions to be held in Beijing. (WPD 10/26) Oct. 29: Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. (WPD 10/30) Ambassador to Egypt Named Oct. 5: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung named U Sein Yi as Myanmar Ambassador to Egypt. (WPD 10/5) New Soviet Ambassador Oct. 5: President Mikhail Gorbachev has named Vadim Shabalin as the new Soviet Ambassador to Myanmar. Ambassador Shabalin was born in 1931. From 1961-67 he worked in the Soviet Embassy in China. In 1967 he became Deputy-Director of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Institute of the Far East. He worked on the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee staff in 1967-85 and 1985-90. In 1986-87 he was Soviet Ambassador to the Philippines. He will replace Sergei Pavlov, who is retiring. (WPD 10/7) Oct. 19: Ambassador Vadim I. Chabaline [note different spelling] presented credentials to State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung as Soviet Ambassador to Myanmar. (WPD 10/20) Ambassador to Belgium Oct. 25: U Win Aung presented credentials Oct. 18 to King Baudouin as Myanmar Ambassador to Belgium. (WPD 10/25) Ambassador to Korea Named Oct.29:State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung appointed U Tin Winn as Myanmar Ambassador to the Republic of Korea. (WPD 10/29) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Border Meeting Sept. 30: Inaugurating the Shwethamin Park in Muse, Maj-Gen. Maung Thint, Vice-Chairman of the Shan State LORC, was joined by "15 officials of the People's Republic of China together with about 10,000 national races and residents of the town." (WPD 10/4) Workshops and Courses Oct. 15: A workshop on Removal of Iron from Domestic Water Supply and Construction Practices of Radial Well, co-sponsored by the WHO and the Agricultural Mechanization Department, opened. It will last three days. (WPD 10/16) UNESCO National Commission Oct. 19: The Myanmar UNESCO National Commission held its third meeting in the Universities Central Council Hall. Present were Commission members: Director-General of the International Organizations and Economic Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs U Ba Thwin; Dir-Gen of the Higher Education Dept. U Win Maung; Dir-Gen of the Basic Education Dept. U Tin Pe; Dir-Gen of the Technical, Agricultural and Vocational Education Dept. Dr. Khin Maung Win; Dir-Gen of the Central Research Organization U Aung Koe; Dir-Gen of the Health Manpower Dept. Dr. Maung Maung Lay; Dir-Gen of the Dept. of Cultural Institute Dr. Ye Tut; Chairman of the Committee for Compiling Authentic Facts on History of Myanmar Naing-Ngan Dr. Khin Maung Nyunt; Myanmar Ambassador (retd) and UNESCO Headquarters Director (retd) U Thet Tun; Rector of Yangon University U Tin Oo Hlaing; Rector of the Yangon Institute of Technology U Maung Maung Than; Rector of the Institute of Education U Myo Nyunt; Secretary of the Myanmar UNESCO National Commission and Director (foreign scholars) of the Higher Education Dept. U Saw Tun; Universities Central Library Librarian U Thaw Kaung; Professor of the Yangon University History Dept. U Tun Aung Chein. Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein told the group of the need for preserving ancient buildings and temples in Rakhine State as well as in Mandalay, and the need "to give encouragement to art and culture as well as to modern art." (WPD 10/20) FAO Hill Country Project Oct. 22: A US$ 206,000 project for horticultural development in the Chin Hills region was signed by FAO Resident Representative Oscar J S Lazo and Myanma Agricultural Services Managing Director U Tin Hlaing. (WPD 10/23) FOREIGN VISITORS Hydrographic Bureau Mission Oct. 4: Rear-Admiral Sir David Haslam, President of the Directing Committee of the International Hydrographic Bureau, arrived in Yangon and called on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin. (WPD 10/5) Chinese Education Delegation Oct. 4: A three-member Chinese education delegation headed by Vice-Director Mme. Li Zhenli of the Students Studying Abroad Department of the State Education Commission arrived for a six-day visit. (WPD 10/ 5) // Oct. 5: The delegation called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein, who hosted a dinner. (WPD 10/6) US Drug Delegation Oct. 17: A six-member delegation from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, headed by Mr. John Andrejko, called on Secretary of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control Acting People's Police Force Director-General San Thein. (WPD 10/18) UNDP Regional Chief Oct. 23: UNDP Chief of Division 3, Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, Mr. H. Behrstock, called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss UNDP assistance to Myanmar. (WPD 10/24) Soviet Acrobats Oct. 23: A 16-member Soviet acrobat team led by Mr. Moussaev Jossip, Vice President of the USSR Sport Union of Trade Unions, arrived under the cultural exchange program. They will perform in Yangon Oct. 25, 27, and 28, and also visit Mandalay. (WPD 10/24) // Oct. 25: They performed at the National Indoor Stadium-1 at Thuwunna. (WPD 10/26) // Oct. 27: They performed again at Thuwunna, and will be in Mandalay on from Oct. 30-Nov. 1. (WPD 10/28) // Oct 29: They arrived in Mandalay. (WPD 10/30) // Oct. 30: Soviet and Myanmar acrobats held a joint "acrobatic and aerobic display." It will be repeated Oct. 31 and Nov. 2. (WPD 10/31) Israeli Diplomat Oct. 26: The Director of the Israeli Foreign Ministry International Co-operation Training Department, Ambassador Azriel Gal-On, called on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe to discuss technical cooperation. He called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein to discuss educational cooperation. (WPD 10/27) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations Sept. 29: U Aung Thaung, General Manager of the Myanma Agricultural Service left for India to study at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. (WPD 10/1) Sept. 30: U Chit Wein, who won the photographic first prize in World in Focus 1989, Grand Prix, sponsored by the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Geneva, left on a photographic mission to Switzerland and Spain at the invitation of the League. (WPD 10/2) Oct. 5: A study delegation headed by U San Lwin, Director-General of the Department of Myanmar Language Commission, and including Chairman of the Myanmar Board of Examinations U Maung Maung Sein, Director (University) of the Higher Education Department Daw Sein Sein, Magway Division Education Officer U K Naw Tawng, and Principal of the Pyay Teachers Training School Daw Khin Khin, will visit China Oct. 10-23. It was received by Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 10/6) // Oct. 10: It left, and will study Chinese education activities for two weeks. (WPD 10/11) Oct. 29: A delegation led by U Tin Oo, Principal of Mawlamyine Teachers Training Instutute, left to study teachers' training institutions in Japan, Malaysia, and Thailand from Oct. 29-Nov. 17. Other members are the following Principals of Teachers' Training Schools: Daw Khawng Luan (Myitkyina); U Kyi Soe, (Taunggyi); U Nyunt Lwin (Pakokku); Daw Khin Thein Win (Sagaing); Daw Nwe Yee (Myaungmya); and U Thein Lwin (Meiktila). (WPD 10/30) Delegations to Meetings Oct. 8: A delegation led by Ambassador to Thailand U Nyunt Swe left to attend the Ministerial-level Conference on Environment and Development in Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Oct. 10-16. Members include Director-General U Ba Thwin, Deputy Director U Aung Bwa, and Head of Branch U Aung Htoo of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Director-General Dr. Myint Thein of the Ministry of Agriculture & Forests; Director-General U Hla Sint of the Ministry of Mines; Lt-Col. Thein Han of the Ministry of Defence; and First Secretary U Aung Than of the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok. (WPD 10/9) Oct. 8: A delegation headed by Director-General U Thawda Sein of the Trade Department, Ministry of Trade, left to attend the seminar on Business Opportunities in Myanmar sponsored by the Singapore Trade Development Board. Members are Director-General U Tin Tun of the Planning Department, Ministry of Energy; Director-General U Tin Aung of the Industrial Planning Department, Ministry of Industry-1; Director-General Daw Khaing Khaing of the Planning Department, Ministry of Planning and Finance, who is also Secretary of the Foreign Investment Commission; and Executive Director U Kyi Aye of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan Central Bank. (WPD 10/9) // Oct. 12: The delegation returned. (WPD 10/13) Oct. 12: PPF Director Ngwe Soe Tun, Secretary of the Law Enforcement Committee of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control, left for Beijing to attend the 15th meeting of Heads of National Law Enforcement Agencies (HONLEA), Asia and the Pacific, to be held Oct. 15-19. It is sponsored by the UN Division of Narcotic Drugs (UNDND). (WPD 10/13) // Oct. 25: He returned. (WPD 10/26) UNGA Address Oct. 10: U Ohn Gyaw delivered Myanmar's annual formal address to the United Nations General Assembly on Oct. 9 [full text published]. Highlights were: -- Generally upbeat appraisal of recent international events. -- Cambodia: "We welcome...the acceptance by all the Cambodian parties of this framework in its entirety as the basis for settling the conflict, and the agreement reached by them at the recent Jakarta meeting to form a Supreme National Council." -- Kuwait: "The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and its subsequent purported annexation is an act of aggression by any definition.... The decisions on the situation taken by Security Council to date, whose objective is to restore the status quo ante in Kuwait, constitute decisive action to uphold the sanctity of this principal [of territorial integrity and political independence].... The essential purpose of these [Security Council] decisions, in our view, is to terminate the act of aggression ...through political and diplomatic means. Given the fact that the Gulf region has now been transformed into the scene of the world's heaviest concentration of multi-national adversarial military forces deployed in battle-ready formations...any other course of action...would be fraught with incalculable and far-reaching dangers...." -- Palestine: "A comprehensive, just and lasting solution to this problem must be based on...respect for the sovereignty...of every State in the area, including Israel, coupled with the restoration of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, including their right to national independence and sovereignty...." -- Narcotics: We...continue to intensify our relentless war on illicit drugs.... This year...heroin and other narcotic drugs worth US Dollars 921 million at prevailing street prices in the United States were destroyed in Yangon in full view of...the diplomatic corps.... A total of 163,000 acres have been put under cash-crops in place of the poppy plantations.... My country has already established close co-operative arrangements with...China and Thailand...[and is doing so with Laos].... We have ample reason to visualize the total eradication of poppy cultivation and the menace of illicit drugs in Myanmar in the shortest possible time." -- Democracy: "On 27 May 1990, the first multi-party general elections in nearly three decades were successfully held...in response to the ardent desires...of the Myanmar people. This historic event constitutes the fulfilment of the solemn promise, made by the [SLORC].... The [SLORC] is now taking firm steps--systematically and step by step--towards the establishment of a stable and enduring democratic state .... The [SLORC] will hand over power in due course to a strong and stable government that is to be formed in accordance with a new constitution to be drafted. [Election tribunals hearing complaints discussed.] [The new constitution] must be based on a national consensus and must be acceptable to a majority of the Myanmar people as well as to the majority of the national races living in the Union. To that end the Myanmar authorities...plan to meet with the elected representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw (National Assembly). A broadly-based national convention will be convened to discuss all factors that should be taken into account in drafting the new constitution. Its drafting will be the responsibility of the elected representatives. The [SLORC] and the Defence Services will do their utmost to assist them in this task. Until such time as a firm constitution established government comes into existence, the [SLORC] will continue to fulfil its national responsibilities...." -- Human Rights: "Myanmar is well-known for its unique culture, the hallmarks of which are tolerance and compassion. This cultural environment underpins respect for human rights which are not only protected by law but are observed in practise as a matter of tradition. Discrimination--be it on grounds of race, religion or sex--are non-existent in my country. We have been cooperating closely with the Commission on Human Rights, its subsidary bodies and the Centre for Human Rights in Geneva, and have been providing information to them on the human rights situation in the country.... [We] welcome the visit to our country of Professor Sadako Ogata, an independent expert appointed by the Commission on Human Rights. She will shortly be arriving in our country to carry out her mandate." -- Arrests: "Questions have been raised in certain quarters concerning the restraint placed on certain individuals in my country.... Legal action has been taken against these persons not for their political activities but for their infringement of existing laws of the land.... The actions taken...are the most lenient prescribed by our laws, even though the acts perpetrated by them, which include instigating the general public to defy the legal authority and forming a parallel government, make them liable to much sterner penalties under our criminal laws...." -- Foreign Pressure: "Our national undertaking to establish a...democratic state must be accomplished by the Myanmar people themselves in accordance with Myanmar's outlook and +to the Myanmar way to suit our nation's own specific conditions and circumstances. The international community can best help this process by refraining from interfering or exerting pressure in any shape or form and by letting the Myanmar people to proceed along their own path until they reach their chosen destiny of a free and democratic state." (WPD 10/11) Arts Delegation Returns Oct. 10: The cultural delegation led by Director General U Tin Htoo of the Department of Fine Arts returned from China. (WPD 10/11) MYANMAR GAZETTE Appointments Confirmed The SLORC confirmed the following appointments after one-year's probation: Oct. 5: U Tin Htoo as Director-General, Fine Arts Department, Ministry of Culture. Dr. Hla Tun as Director-General, Department of Indigenous Medicine, Ministry of Health. (WPD 10/5) Oct. 17: U Win Zaw Nyunt as Managing Director, Myanma Textile Industries, Ministry of Industry-1. U Than Win as Managing Director, Technical Services, Ministry of Industry-2. U Thein Tun as Director-General, Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests. Daw Khin Thaung Chit as Director-General, Central Statistics Organization, Ministry of Planning & Finance. Daw Yi Yi as Managing Director, Myanma Economic Bank, Ministry of Planning & Finance. (WPD 10/18) Appointments Oct. 25: The State LORC has appointed U Tha Nyein, Deputy Director-General, to be Director-General, Settlement and Land Records Department, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests. (WPD 10/26) GOVERNMENT Nurse and Midwife Law Oct. 17: SLORC Law No. 19/90 of Oct. 17, the Law relating to the Nurse and Midwife [full text published] establishes an 11-member Nurse and Midwife Council to regulate the nursing profession. It will have powers to register nurses and midwives, and to suspend, revoke, or cancel such registrations, establish examination boards, etc. Nurses and midwives must abide by the regulations, and "abide by...professional ethics and...avoid such behaviours, utterances and acts which may affect the...ethics." (WPD 10/18) MILITARY Insurgent Attacks Oct. 7: KNU insurgents on Oct. 5 fired on two passenger buses near mile post No. 27 between Kawkareik and Myawady, killing 3 passengers and wounding 12. (WPD 10/8) Oct. 9: Insurgents on Sept. 22 shot and killed a villager in Peinshaung village, Yebyu Twp., and another on Sept. 23 in Mawngan village, Yebyu Twp. [Tanintharyee]. (WPD 10/11) Oct. 17: On Oct. 12, KNU insurgents in khaki uniforms stopped a bus from Hpa-an to Kawkareik and forced it to drive to Hlakadaung Village, where they robbed passengers of property worth K30,000 and burned the bus. KNU insurgents fired on a bus from Kawkareik to Myawady on Oct. 16, between Ah le-bote and Natyekan, killing 2 and wounding 7. They stole gold, jewellery and cash. (WPD 10/18) Oct. 23: On Oct. 20, insurgents attacked a bus going from Taunggyi to Mongshu between Htan-hsan village and Mongpung, killing three passengers and wounding eight. (WPD 10/24) Insurgents Surrender Oct. 3: Five ABSDF members surrendered at Monyaw camp on Sept. 15. "The repentent insurgents were given a warm welcome by personnel concerned." [photo] (WPD 10/4) Oct. 20: Between Sept. 1-10, 15 insurgents surrendered with their weapons. [names and details] (WPD 10/21) Oct. 21: Between Sept. 11-16, 18 insurgents surrendered with their weapons. [names and details] (WPD 10/22) Oct. 22: Between Sept. 26-30, 19 insurgents surrendered with their weapons. [names and details] (WPD 10/23) Embassy in Bangkok Bombed Oct. 17: There was a bomb blast at the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand, breaking windows in the visa hall and embassy building. Nobody was injured. (WPD 10/18) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Oct. 1,8,16: To ensure secure and smooth transportation, by Min Kyaw Min. [Cont. (6) "Proper repair and maintenance"--truck and bus repair. (7) "Road freight department facilitates smooth flow of commodities." (8) "Flow of goods as a priority for availability and price stabilization."] Oct. 3,12,14,28: Myanmar paddy, to be produced more for domestic and foreign markets, by Maung Maung Tun. [Cont. (3-6) General discussion of paddy production.] Oct. 5,8,18,23: SLORC's economic endeavours paving the way with flowers, by Duwun Kyai. [Cont. (45-48) "Foreign Investments"-survey of laws.] Oct. 7: Promising potentials in livestock breeding, by Maung Maung Aye. [Activities of the Livestock, Feedstuff and Milk Products Enterprise (LFME).] Oct. 10: Better animal health, more food production, by Maung Yin Swe. [Development of livestock production in Myanmar.] Oct. 15: Promising potentials in fisheries development, by Maung Maung Aye. [Fisheries development.] Oct. 16: "Food for the Future", by Maung Maung Aye. [Objectives of World Food Day.] Oct. 22-23,25-26: Tatkon, a town full of religious edifices, by Aung Nyunt. [Sept. 19 journalists' visit to Tatkon Twp. {Mandalay} and its many Buddhist institutions, including SLORC renovation work, economic development, etc.] Oct. 27: SLORC's construction activities paving the way with flowers, by Kyattika Kyai. [Cont. (6) "Turning Kandawgyi and its environs green and pleasant."] Oct. 29: Meiktila Town, Meiktila Lake and historical background, by Ye Myint Pe. [Description.] Courses Oct. 2: Training course No. 1 in exporting beans and pulses, given to 59 trainees from Sept. 11-Oct. 2 at the Ministry of Trade, ended. (WPD 10/3) Oct. 5: The Workshop on Trade matters for private entrepreneurs No. 8/90 concluded. The four-week workshop had 92 participants. (WPD 10/6) Rice Prices Reduced Oct. 2: Rice prices at the Tatmadaw welfare shops and JVC-2 sales shops in Yangon will be reduced, effective Oct. 4, to (kyat per pyi): K8.50-Emahta/Ngasein 35%; K9.50-Meedon 38%; K10.50-Pawhsan 25%; K12.50-Pawhsan 15%; K15.50-Pawhsan 5%; K17.50-Pawhsan 100% [i.e., 0% broken]. (WPD 10/3) Oct. 4: The price of Ngasein and Emahta rice sold by the Co-operatives Rice Trading Branch has been reduced from K10 to K8.50 per pyi. "Consumers can buy them as much as they want at co-operatives sales shops within the Yangon City Development area." (WPD 10/5) Oct. 25: Effective Oct. 26, rice will be sold at the Tatmadaw welfare shops and JVC-2 shops in Yangon at reduced prices, namely (kyat per pyi-per bag): K8-K200 Emahta/Ngasein 35%; K9-K225 Midon 30%; K10-K250 Pawhsan 25%; K12-K300 Pawhsan 15%; K15-K375 Pawhsan 5%; K17-K425 Pawhsan (100%). "Every person can buy any amount of rice mentioned above." (WPD 10/26) Oct. 30: State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo told rice purchasers not to compete with each other so as to increase prices."You cannot force the peasants to sell their paddy, and you cannot prescribe the number of baskets which a farmer must sell or per acre amount to be sold. And paddy is to be purchased not at a fixed price but at prevailing price." Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel said about 6,529 lakhs of baskets of paddy were expected this year. He said: "We assume that this year paddy price should be between K 4,500 and K 5,000 for 100 baskets. The rice price can fall of K 7, or K 8 or K 8.50 per pyi this year. But there are some avaricious rice traders, engaging in illegal export of rice. I therefore want to urge traders to exercise the right to free trade with restraint and within the bounds of law." (WPD 10/31) Appliance Sale FOR CONSUMER PUBLIC Thadingyut Festival Special Sales The following products of Daewoo Corporation, are available at special reduced price at the People's Department Stores Commencing from 1st October 1990. 1. Carrier Room--Air Conditioner Model 51 CMA 012703 (12000 BTU) Ks 36,000 Model 51 ZMB 009703 (9000 BTU) Ks 27,000 2. Refrigerator Model FR--260 C Ks 30,000 Delivery can be made at customer premises free of charge within Yangon Municipal Area. Myanmar Department Stores (WPD 10/3) Container Service Oct. 3: Vessels of the Myanma Five Star Line are making five voyages to Singapore a month and "transport containers as well." Arrangements have been made to "transport only containers between Yangon and Singapore once every fortnight." Launching the service, the MV Pagan left Singapore Sept. 28 and docked in Yangon, bringing 1,472 tons of cargo in 30 containers. 40-foot, 20-foot, and cold storage containers will be transported. [photo of container laden MV Pagan.] (WPD 10/4) Satellite Towns Oct. 6: Visiting Shwepaukkan new satellite town State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo said: "The State is setting up new satellite towns for the benefit of those who do not have houses of their own and so it is necessary for those who have been allotted plots of land to build their houses within the shortest time possible. They should not sell off their land to others.... Arrangements in all aspects are being made for stabilizing commodity prices and ensuring regular flows of commodities. Rice; the principal food item, is being well handled. So, there need not be any anxiety for rice. Efforts are also being made for stabilizing prices of grocery, green grocery and livestock and fish...." (WPD 10/7) Imports Oct. 8: The MV Sittway arrived from Europe on Oct. 6 with 6,208 tons of milk powder, 499 paper reels, 1,125 tons of cotton, and 2,283 tons of general merchandise. The MV Bago arrived from the Far East on Oct. 8 with 561 tons of CI [corrugated iron] sheets, 44 tons of nails, 186 tons of wires, and 426 tons of general merchandise. It also "brought home" 108 motor vehicles, 63 40-foot containers of cotton, (1,049 tons) and 8,290 tons of general merchandise. (WPD 10/9, corrected 10/19) Oct. 17: Two "floating bulldozers" for dredging and clearing weeds in the Gyobyu and Phugyi Reservoirs arrived on the MV Magway. (WPD 10/18) Oct. 23: The MV Mawlamyine arrived from the Far East with 163 tons of merchandise from Hong Kong, 31 buses, 1269 tons of yarn, and 2 containers totalling 837 tons from Pusan, Korea. It also brought 47 containers of cotton, 22 buses, and 61 tons of merchandise from Kobe, Japan, and 768 tons of machinery, 46 motorcycles, 12 vehicles, and 87 tons of merchandise from Yokahama. "The vessel carried a total of 776.21 tons of cargo [sic], it is learnt." (WPD 10/24) Joint Ventures Oct. 9: An agreement establishing the Myanmar-Singapura United Tobacco Co. Ltd. was signed by the Myanma Foodstuff Industries of the Ministry of Industry 1, represented by Managing Director U Tun Zaw, and Singapura United Tobacco (Pte) Ltd, represented by Managing Director Mr. Tay Choon Hye. Of the total capital of K 29.15 million, Myanma Foodstuffs will provide K 18.95 million in buildings, machinery, and raw materials, or 65%, while Singapura United Tobacco will provide 1.5 million dollars (K 10.2 million), or 35%. The joint venture will extend the No. 1 Cigarette Factory, so as to produce 400 million cigarettes in 1991-92, 600 million in 1992-93, 800 million in 1993-94, and 880 million in 1994-95, up from the present 200 million Duya cigarettes. Modern techniques for using Virginia tobacco will be used for both domestic consumption and export of Duya cigarettes. (WPD 10/10) Oct. 10: The Myanmar Inspection and Testing Services Ltd. was established as a private joint venture, to "carry on the business of inspection, testing, analysing and rendering technical advices regarding quality, weight, packing and prices of commodities to be imported or exported," comprised of the Inspection and Agency Services of the Ministry of Trade, represented by its Managing Director, and the M/S Specialist Services International Ltd., represented by Managing Director Mr. Miles Elliott of St. James House, 25 King Street, London SW1 6QY, England. The authorized capital is K 5,000,000, divided into 5,000 shares of K 1,000 each, of which Inspection and Agency Commission will hold 2,450 subscribed in kyat or in kind, and M/S Specialist Services International Ltd. 2,550 subscribed in American dollars or in kind. (WPD 10/11) Oct. 27: The Konica Centre (Photographic Stores) of the Stationery, Printing and Photographic Stores Trading (Ministry of Trade) and the Golden Glory Co. of Singapore was opened at No. 481/483 Maha Bandoola Street, Yangon. (WPD 10/28) Oct. 30: The Myanmar Sea Fishers Joint Venture Enterprise Ltd. was established by Myanma Fisheries Enterprise and Sea Fishers Overseas Ltd. of Bangladesh, both represented by their Managing Directors. The new joint venture will catch prawns from its fishing base near Kyaukpyu [Rakhine], and process, cold store, and export them. "Prior to approval for formation of this company, it has been engaged in fishing operation for three months and as a result has exported over US 0.2 million dollars worth of finished products to Japan." (WPD 10/31) Restaurant Enterprise Review Oct. 15: the first bi-annual work coordination meeting for 1990-91 of the Restaurant and Beverage Enterprise of the Ministry of Trade was held. The Enterprise had sales of K 298 million in the first half year, or 128% of the target of K 232 million. (WPD 10/16) Credit Cards Oct. 23: A seminar on Master Card's acceptance procedures was held at the Inspection & Agency Services. Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel noted that credit cards were increasingly used, and that Myanmar had entered an agreement with American Express in October 1974 for accepting cards. Credit cards are accepted by Myanmar Hotel and Tourist Services and the Myanma Gems Enterprise. Credit card use in Myanmar in 1989-90 increased to K 9.97 million. An agreement was signed in April 1990 by the Myanma Foreign Trade Bank with MBf Card Services for accepting Master Cards. General Manager of MBf Card Services from Malaysia Mr. K Y Loke also spoke. (WPD 10/24) Farm Export Prices Oct. 25: Actual agricultural export prices during Sept. 1990, in US$, FOB per metric ton, were: Rice Emata Myanmar 25% 1990 $ 200 Pulses and beans Black Matpe FQ 1990 275 Black Matpe SQ 1990 470 Butter Beans FAQ 1990 420 Pedesein Beans FAQ 1990 266 Sultani/Pya FAQ 1990 285 Sultani/Pya FAQ l990 300 Animal Feed Oil extracted Rice Bran FAQ 63.50 Yellow Maize FAQ 1990 92.00 Oil Seed White Yellowish Sesamum 610 Miscellaneous Dehusked Tamarind Seed 155 (WPD 10/25) Photocopier Imports Restricted Oct. 24: Ministry of Trade Notification No. 30/90 of Oct. 24, Matter regarding permission of importing photo copiers without import permits, provides that [text]: 1. Union of Myanmar Government Ministry of Trade has prescribed the list of commodities which may be brought into the country without import permits in its Notification No 16/90 dated 12 July 1990. 2. Serial No 2/13 of the appendix table showing the list of commodities which may be brought into the country without import permits mentions that two sets of photo copier and component parts & accessories are permitted to be imported. 3. Regarding photo copiers, the Ministry does not permit the import of multi colour photo copiers and single colour photo copiers at all, and it only permits the import of black and white photo copier. (WPD 10/26) Mining Enterprise Meeting Oct. 26: At the 1990-91 biannual coordination meeting of the No. 3 Mining Enterprise, Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin urged it to produce other mineral resources needed by industry. He called for increases in production of iron and steel for domestic use, and coal for electric power generation. Chromite, antimony and nickel production for export should be increased. Arrangements should be made to produce aluminium and other new products. Coal production in border areas, in joint ventures with foreign companies, should be extended, and barites production, for oil exploration, should be expanded. (WPD 10/27) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall since January 1, 1990, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: As of YA KA CY October 1 108.39 102.28 115.20 October 15 112.92 105.98 119.06 October 30 116.54 107.80 121.46 HEALTH Drug Addict Course Oct. 13: The 26th rehabilitation course for ex-addicts at the Agricultural and Livestock Breeding Station (Wetigan) concluded. There were 42 "trainees." (WPD 10/14) SPORTS Myanmar Sports Delegations Oct. 11: The President of the Myanmar Olympic Committee Minister for Construction and for Co-operatives Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw, and his delegation, returned from Beijing, after an 11 day visit including attendance at the Asian Games. (WPD 10/12) Asian Games Oct. 2: In women's 3,000 meters, Khin Khin Htwe placed 6th (of 9) with 9:11.32. In women's shot put, Aye Aye Nwe placed 5th (of 6) with 13.37 meters. (WPD 10/3) Oct. 3: Feature article on Khin Khin Htwe's bronze medal in the 1,500 metres race. The first contingent of Myanmar athletes returned from the games. (WPD 10/4) // Oct. 10: A second batch of athletes returned. (WPD 10/11) // Oct. 12: Members of the Myanmar delegation told of their experiences. (WPD 10/13) [Note: Myanmar athletes won two bronze medals at the Asian Games.] UNESCO Award for U Zaw Weik Oct. 24: Myanmar "strong man" U Zaw Weik left for Ottawa to received a UNESCO award for outstanding performances in sports. He participated in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, as the first Myanmar athlete. (WPD 10/ 25) Myanmar Sports Teams Abroad Oct. 25: A contingent led by Lt-Col Myat Soe of the Adjutant General's Office, and comprising team manager Dr. Ye Hlaing and athletes Ba Yin Aye and Tin Ngwe, left for the 10th Wheelchair International Marathon in Osaka. (WPD 10/26) CULTURAL Literary Articles Oct. 7,14,21,28: Myanmar Proverbs, by Dr. U Hla Pe. [Cont. (77-80)] Oct. 7,14,21,28: Short Stories. [(1-3) "The pillar of love" (1964) by Thawdar Swe. (1) "The vainglory of I and mine" by Ye Than. (2) "Top grade beauty" by Htin Lin. (3-4) "The Bunch of Keys and the Tattooed Nats" by Zawgyi. (4) "Hey Avarice" by Pe Than.] Oct. 7,14,21,28: Poems on ancient Bagan, by Zawgyi, in Myanmar and English. [Cont. (14 3 pts.) "Sentiment at Nanpaya." (15) "Alaungpaya's repentence."] Oct. 7,14,21,28: 20th Century Myanmar Poets & Poems, by Htila Sitthu. [Cont. (50-52) Budalin Chit Lay: Mya Kyemon Poems. (53) Budalin Chit Lay: Thanat-khar ta-gwet shunt ta-zet.] Oct. 7,14,21,28: Foundations of Myanmar Culture. Myanmar Literature & the ten major Jatakas, by Hnaphet Hla. [Cont. The Temiya Jataka or Ten Major Jatakas. (12-15)] Historical & Cultural Articles Oct. 9: Wut Suam Kham and Maha Myatmuni Pagodas in Kengtung, by Ye Myint Pe. [Cont. Description of pagodas.] SLORC Religious Activities [Throughout the month, there were frequent stories of donations to religious causes and institutions by high government officials, especially State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo. Ministers and others repeatedly called on high-ranking Sayadaws, made offerings, etc. There were numerous donations of TV sets to monasteries. Towards the end of the month, such activities stepped up; State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung made virtually daily religious appearances, as did LORC officers around the country.] Oct. 16: Absolute devotion to `Ti-sirana'. Editorial. State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt "recently paid homage to State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee Chairman Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Abhidhaja Maha Rattna Guru Bhaddanta Indacara at Bago Myoma Sathintaik." The Chairman "stressed the need for national races residing in the Union to live in unity based on `metta' and to strive for non-disintegration of the Union races.... [He] declared that man by nature makes mistakes and that such mistakes should be forgiven.... [He] also expressed satisfaction with the government's activities being taken for the propagation, purification and perpetuation of the `sasana' including the additional assistance being provided for those who have passed the `pariyatti' examinations in addition to the extensive general renovation being carried out on pagodas and religious edifices throughout the length and breadth of the country." The Chairman "succinctly expressed what has doubtless been one of the most outstanding achievements being carried out since the [SLORC] assumed the responsibilities of State. Concern with the material and mundane matters...has not made the [SLORC] or the Tatmadaw too preoccupied: either collectively or individually, members of SLORC and the Tatmadaw have paid even greater to the three Gems ......`Hpaya, Taya, Thanga'......the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha ......or the `Ti-sarana' as it is known in Pali. The roll of Sayadaws to whom members of SLORC have been paying homage and obeisance constitutes a scintillating list of the most learned and revered Sayadaws in the country.... There can be no better evidence of the [SLORC]'s absolute devotion to the `Ti-sarana'." Oct. 20: A team of medical specialists visited Bago to attend to the "health of members of Sangha of monasteries in Bago headed by Chairman Sayadaw of the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee Abhidhaja Maha Rattna Guru Bhaddanta Indacara." They visited the various monasteries, and also sold spectacles to the monks. [photo] (WPD 10/21) [There were further articles on medical missions to monasteries in the course of the month.] Gen. Saw Maung on Language Oct. 8: Speaking to the Myanmar Language Commission, State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung said that: "Writing in Myanmar language has changed according to different periods. Although changes have taken place in the writing, it should be grammatically correct. It is necessary for one to refer to the Book on Myanmar Orthography and the Myanmar Grammar Book published by the Myanmar Language Commission in writing in Myanmar. Since Myanmar is the official language, special care should be taken so that no mistakes are made in writing Myanmar. [English was used in colonial period, and in Tatmadaw until 1954.] Myanmar language is rich in usages. Therefore, measures are to be taken to preserve the roots and foundation of Myanmar language and literature. It is necessary for all of you present here to make concerted efforts to bring about good Myanmar writings and literary works for the preservation of our race, our Sasana and Myanmar language and literature. This meeting has been called to solicit your frank advice and suggestions on how the SLORC should help in the work of Myanmar Language Commission to make progress." Following discussion, Gen. Saw Maung "gave necessary advice." (WPD 10/9) Relic Found Oct. 12: A farmer and nine others who found "an ancient garnet pendant of the Srikhestra Pyu period" in Hmawza Village-tract, Pyay Twp., were awarded K281,500 at a ceremony at the Hmawza Museum on Oct. 9. (WPD 10/13) National Literary Awards Oct. 25: The National Literary Awards Selection Committee announced the National Literary Awards for 1989: No awards were made in the novels, short stories, plays, or translations (general knowledge/fiction) categories. Poems: "Lan-hnint-pan-hnint Sakhan-thit" by Tet-lu. Belles lettres: "Pan-lo-chin Ah-pin-go Pyoe-tat-hma" by Ledwintha Saw Chit. Myanmar culture and art: "Myanmar Amyo-thami Hsin-yin Hton-phwe-hmu" by Saw Mon Hnyin. Children's literature: "Mun-hnint Acha-wuttu-to-myar" by Myat Myo Myint. Youth's literature: "Asar-htoe-thee-hnan hnint-achar-wuttu-tomyar" by Su Kyi Myo. General knowledge (arts): "Le-dwin Koe-kha-yine Shay-khit Myanmar-do-e-sabakyi" by Director Myint Maung. General knowledge (science) and applied science: "Myanma-lay Myanma-yay" by Naing Shwe Myo. Each winner will receive K 20,000, with awards to be made Nov. 17. [photos] (WPD 10/26) Oct. 26: Poetry winner Tet-lu said his book of poetry "was written according to rules for composing poems on a variety of themes," and that "his ideas are in keeping with Myanmar thoughts and the book was written...to contribute towards preserving Myanmar culture." He added, "My poetry depicts the nation-building activities of the SLORC." He has been writing poetry since 1969. Arts winner Director Myint Maung said it was the first time he had won a literary award. He has written short stories under the pen-name Myittha Maung, and has been writing and directing films since before the War. Myanmar culture and arts winner Daw Saw Mon Hnyin said: "I have written the book based on the facts from ancient palm leaves because I am afraid that the cultural traditions of Myanmar that are concerned with women will become extinct." She called on girls to retain traditional Myanmar hairstyle and mode of dress. She has been writing since 1935, is now 70 years old, and a member of the Myanmar Language Commission. She has written under the pen-name of Daw Yin Yin and Momeik Yin Yin. (WPD 10/27) Oct. 27: Children's literature winner Myat Myo Myint said the theme of her book "is to strenghten national unity," and that it highlights the danger of drugs. Her real name is Daw Myint Myint Than and she teaches at Yangon University. Science winner Naing Shwe Moe said he has been with the Meteorology and Hydrology Department since 1965, and has a B.Sc. in meteorology from the USA. This is his first book, and it won the Sarpay Beikman Manuscript award in 1986. (WPD 10/28) Newspaper Circulation Grows Oct. 29: Current circulation of Loktha Pyithu Nyezin is 280,196, of which 131,414 is in Yangon and 148,782 outside Yangon. Since Sept. 18, 1988 the circulation has grown by over 191,000 copies. (WPD 10/30) MISCELLANEOUS Crime News Names and addresses of culprits generally included. Sept. 30: Troops on Sept. 26 seized 8 viss of "ownerless" opium in two villages of Kutkai Twp. (WPD 10/ 1) Oct. 2: North Okkalapa police arrested a burglar charged with stealing K 35 of bandages from a medical supply store on Sept. 11. Yangon Port police on Sept. 24 arrested two thieves who gave boat passengers drugged tea and stole a gold chain while they slept. The Yangon anti-drug squad on Sept. 28 seized l.3 kilos of heroin in South Okkalapa, arresting two. During the past year, the Yangon Airport Task Force has seized over K 1.5 million worth of narcotics and jewellery, and exposed 5 narcotics and 6 gems smuggling cases. It was formed Oct. 1, 1989 "to prevent illicit trafficking of narcotics drugs, arms and ammunition, jewellery of the State and foreign exchange." (WPD 10/3) Oct. 3: Bahan Twp. [Yangon] police have charged a youth arrested Sept. 30 for snatching a gold chain. Latha [Yangon] police on Sept. 28 seized 0.02 kilos of heroin. (WPD 10/4) Oct. 4: A security unit in Matlen village, Laikha Twp., seized 1.3 kilos of raw opium on Sept. 21. In Yangon, 9 persons were sentenced to four year's rigorous imprisonment on Oct. 2 for selling imitation cement. (WPD 10/5) Oct. 5: Pyu police on Sept. 9 seized 15.5 kilos of marijuana and booked two people. Hline Twp. police [Yangon] on Sept. 19 raided a house and recovered 2 stolen stone Buddha images taken from an only monastery in Wayondan village, Tuntay Twp. [Twante]. Two culprits, who had absconded after selling a wooden Buddha image, were seized. (WPD 10/6) Oct. 5: Htaukkyant police [Yangon] police on Oct. 4 arrested 5 pickpockets on a bus. (WPD 10/7) Oct. 8: Hmawby Twp. police promptly arrested four persons who stole an ancient 52-viss bronze bell in Minywa village on Sept. 26. (WPD 10/ 9) Oct. 8: The Mandalay drug squad on Sept. 29 seized 2.1 kilos of heroin and arrested two women. Since July 1, the squad has seized 11.8 kilos of heroin in 31 cases and 0.08 kilo of raw opium on 6 cases, and arrested 42 people; total value of seized drugs is K 4.2 million. Heho airport security agents on Oct. 1 arrested a woman about to leave for Tachilek with four girls she had "promised jobs" in Thailand. (WPD 10/10) Oct. 9: The Kaleymyo drug squad on Sept. 9 seized 310 125ml bottles of phensedyl from seven persons arriving from Kale and Tiddim townships. (WPD 10/11) Oct. 11: North Okkalapa police arrested 3 thieves charged with stealing a bicycle worth K4,000 on Sept. 18, and a woman charged with stealing goldwares worth K51,200 on Sept. 15. Yangon Port Police arrested 11 members of a gang "stealing materials from foreign ships anchoring at Thilawa Jetty," and recovered K92,000 of nylon ropes and paint. Two others absconded. (WPD 10/12) Oct. 12: Latha police on Oct. 10 arrested a man "who stole steel tiffin carriers from those who came to the Yangon General Hospital to bring food for patients undergoing medial treatment there." He stole 16 of them, which he sold for K10,000 at the Open Air Market and Kyimyindine Evening Bazaar; they have all been recovered. (WPD 10/13) Oct. 16: The South Okkalapa police on Oct. 10-12 rounded up 2 heroin dealers and 6 pushers, and seized 0.26 kilos of heroin. (WPD 10/18) Oct. 21: Kamaryut [Yangon] police on Oct. 14 raided a card gambling-den and arrested 8 people. (WPD 10/ 22) Oct. 22: A bicycle thief who had taken four bicycles in North Okkalapa was arrested Sept. 26. (WPD 10/ 23) Oct. 26: Insein police [Yangon] arrested a gang of 3 con women who had cheated over 500 people of more than K200,000, by offering jobs in a non-existent "Myanmar/Bangkok Lacquerware Company" and demanding K100 to K1,500 per applicant. Officials in Hpa-an on Oct. 11 seized 8 viss of jade inside a coconut. The same day they seized 370 jade stones in coconuts, and an additional 668 jade stones hidden in gram and chili bags. Yangon airport police on Oct. 15 arrested one Mr. Scott L. Elliot [photo], who was leaving for Bangkok with K171,455 worth of smuggled jewellery and gold in his attache case. (WPD 10/27) Oct. 28: The Yangon drug squad on Oct. 25 seized 0.1 kilos of heroin, and arrested three women. (WPD 10/ 29) Oct. 29: Yangon airport authorities on Oct. 27 confiscated 30 pieces of jewellery weighing 20.8 ticals, 25 precious stones worth K800,000, and 13 foreign currency notes from one U Than Oo, who was then allowed to fly to Bangkok. (WPD 10/30) Oct. 30: The Monywa drug squad on Oct. 19 seized 75 125ml bottles of phensedyl and arrested three people. (WPD 10/31) Ruby Smugglers Sentenced Oct. 5: A special military tribunal sentenced four ruby smugglers to life imprisonment, confiscated K 11 million and the evidence. The four had illegally mined rubies near Mogok from Oct. 1989-June 1990 and sold them in and out of the country. Thanks to the Directorate of Tatmadaw Intelligence, rubies totalling 1,870.1 carats, including the 504.5 carat Na-Wa-Ta [SLORC] ruby, were recovered. There were 28,858.5 carats of rubies to be smuggled out. The four are U Than Tun (a) Ba La Gyi, 45, son of U Thaung; his wife Ma Soe Soe Tun (a) Ma Yin Yin Nyunt, 39, daughter of U Chit Tin; Zaw Win (a) Lein Sauk (a) Li Yin Sauk, 41, son of U Kwan Te; and Paysi (a) Hla Myint, 47, son of U Sai. Action will be taken against the other smugglers. (WPD 10/6) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are periodic obituary notices in Burmese as well.] Sept. 26: Saya Zaw Gyi, aka U Thein Han, born Pyapon Apr. 12 1907, poet, novelist, former Chairman of the Myanmar Historical Commission and then Director-General of the Historical Research Department, husband of Daw Saw Yin, died. [article] (WPD 10/1) Sept. 30: U Than Sein Tun, Manager, Kyemon Press, husband of Daw Yin Kyi and Daw Myint Myint Htay, died in Yangon, aged 55. (WPD 10/2) Oct. 2: Tim. L. Marshall, ex-Principal, St Michael's High School, died in Baukhtaw, aged 87. [Christian] (WPD 10/3) Oct. 2: Daw Nyar, wife of U Hone Hwee, died in Yangon, aged 82. (WPD 10/3) Oct. 3: Nung Khan Kham, B.E. (Electronics), huysband of Daw San San Lwin, died at Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok, aged 31. [Christian] (WPD 10/7) Oct. 4: U Ba Kyaw, husband of Daw Mama Lay, died in Yangon, aged 72. (WPD 10/6) Oct. 4: Sithu U Khin Nyunt, Divisional Commissioner (Retd), Member (Retd) (Public Service Commission) Nai Ngant Gon Ye (2nd Class), husband of Daw Mu Mu, father of...Daw Win Win Nyunt (Intl. School Manila) Mr. Norby Ong (City Bank, Manila) ...died in Yangon, aged 79. (WPD 10/ 6) Oct. 8: Syed Ali Ispahany (a) U Ali, Vice Chairman, Board of Panels of Surveyers, husband of Sheila (a) Daw Sein Sein, died in Yangon, aged 77. [Muslim] (WPD 10/11) Oct. 11: Mr. Victor Robert Taylor, retired BPI, Gyogon, husband of Mrs. Jennie Taylor, brother of Mrs. Teresa Rego (Lewis) (Australia)... died in Yangon, aged 74. [Catholic] (WPD 10/12) Oct. 13: Dr. Daw Thin Kyi, BA (Hons) B.Ed. Ph.D (Clark), Retd Professor of Geography, University of Yangon, Naing-Ngant-Gon-Yi (2nd Class), died in Yangon, aged 74. (WPD 10/14) Oct. 19: Maung Chit Yin Htoo, son of Dr. Maung Maung-Dr. Htway Kyaw Maung, died in Yangon, aged 15. (WPD 10/21) Oct. 20: U Milton Ba Than, No. 12, Daw Hla Pan Rd., Thamaing, died in Yangon, aged 72. [Christian] (WPD 10/21) Oct. 26: U Tin Sint, Deputy Governor, Central Bank of Myanmar. (WPD 10/28) Oct. 26: M. Saleem (a) Mg Mg Lay, husband of Daw Khin Kyi (a) Talat Khanum, died in Yangon, aged 45. [Muslim] (WPD 10/28) ca. Oct. 27: Tan Cheng Htaw died in Singapore, aged 79. Funeral Oct. 28 in Singapore. (WPD 10/28) Oct. 28: Sithu U Thet Su, Director of Agriculture (retd), State Agricultural and Marketing Board Chairman (retd), FAO Director (retd), husband of Daw Khin Than, died in Yangon, aged 88. (WPD 10/29) Train Wreck Oct. 14: The Mandalay-Yangon No-2 Down train collided with a quarry train near Payagyi. The engine and 12 passenger cars were derailed. Four persons died, including the quarry train guard, and a soldier was injured. (WPD 10/15) +-+-+-+-+ TO SUBSCRIBE Write to Hugh C. MacDougall, 32 Elm Street, Cooperstown, NY 13326. 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