90-09 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (from the WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY) Vol. IV, No. 9, September 1990 +-+-+-+-+ Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans 1 Cartoons 2 Political Books Advertised 2 Political Articles (Excerpts) 2 Press Conference 6 Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt 6 U Tin Tun on Oil 12 Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt's Views 13 Judiciary Warned 14 Political Arrests 15 Gen. Saw Maung's Speech 9/7 15 Maj-Gen. Tin Oo's Views 17 Disturbances in Mandalay 18 Editorial for Students 18 SLORC Historical Exhibition 19 Ne Win on Daw Aung San Suu Kyi 19 Press Release on VOA & BBC 21 ELECTIONS Election Tribunals 22 Party Registration Changes 22 DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls 23 Ambassador to EEC 24 Indian Ambassador Arrives 24 Singapore Ambassador Approved 24 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops and Courses 24 Foreign Donations 24 FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Missions 24 Business Delegations 25 Japanese Parliamentarian 25 Chinese Narcotics Delegation 25 Thai Study Delegation 25 Korean Military Delegation 25 Thai Narcotics Delegation 25 MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations 25 Delegations to Meetings 26 Delegations Return 26 Myanmar Workers Abroad 26 Cultural Delegation to China 26 MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 26 Appointments Confirmed 27 GOVERNMENT Archive and Mawgun Law 27 Advocates Council Member 27 Good Conduct Medals 27 Myanmar Accountancy Council 27 MILITARY Insurgent Attacks 28 Military Narcotics Seizures 28 Insurgents Surrender 28 ECONOMIC Economic Articles 28 Joint Ventures 29 Entrepreneur Workshops 30 Imports 30 Record-breaking Sapphires 30 Electric Power Projects 31 Gas Source Found 31 Farm Export Prices 31 Rainfall in Yangon 31 HEALTH AIDS Workshop 31 SPORTS Myanmar Sports Delegations 31 Asian Games 32 Olympic Football Course 32 Myanmar Teams Abroad 32 CULTURAL Literary Articles 32 Historical & Cultural Articles 33 Education Exams 33 Religious Friendship Ceremony 33 Appeal for Maha Myatmuni Pagoda 33 Ancient Gold Bowl Found 33 MISCELLANEOUS Crime News 34 Obituaries 35 Engagement 35 Marriages 35 +-+-+-+-+ POLITICAL CRISIS Slogans The political slogans quoted in the November 1988 issue appeared in each issue of The Working People's Daily throughout the month, as did the "Noble Desire" slogan launched in February 1990. Since Apr. 7, 1989 the The Working People's Daily has run a political slogan across the bottom of each front page: Sept. 1: To exist and earn a livelihood in peace and tranquillity is the over-riding desire of the people. Sept. 2-3: The nation's independence may be lost today if there are disturbances and destructive activities. Sept. 4-8: Disturbances and destruction cause much suffering for the large majority of people who wish to exist & earn a livelihood in peace & tranquillity. Sept. 9-13: Let us all collectively oppose those destructive elements who are bent on ruining peace and tranquillity. Sept. 14-21: Receiving sentence according to law for criminal offence is reaping what one has sown. Sept. 22-25: Tatmadaw Government is not a party government but an organization which is taking responsibilities with Martial Law for bringing about multi-party democracy. Sept. 26-28: It is the duty of every citizen to defend and protect national independence. Sept. 29-30: The Tatmadaw owes loyalty only to the State but not to any party organization. Cartoons [There continued to be one or two political cartoons in each issue, generally denouncing foreign broadcasts, those who listen to them, and political parties in general.] Political Books Advertised [Official political books and collections continue to be advertised regularly. Unless otherwise indicated, they are available from the Sarpay Beikman bookstore, the News and Periodicals Enterprise head office at 173/175 Pansondan St., Yangon, and other outlets. These were featured this month:] How the Panglong Conference and the Panglong Agreement emerged, by U Pe Kin. (Burmese) The History of Internal Insurgency. (Burmese) State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's Addresses. Four volumes. (English) State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's Address at the meeting held between the SLORC and State/ Division LORC 9-10 May 1990. (Bilingual) Myanmar historical events of past forty years. Vol. 1 (Burmese) State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's Addresses. Second Volume. (Addresses of March 27; Apr. 18; May 9, 10, 30; July 3; Sept. 7.) Political Articles (Excerpts) Following the pattern begun in October 1988, each issue contains lengthy feature articles, translated from Burmese, designed to bolster government views and policies. We note them briefly, with excerpts of particularly significant portions, but can provide copies if needed: Sept. 1-2,9-11,13-18,20-30: A Concise History of Myanmar and the Tatmadaw's Role (1948-1988), by A Tatmadaw Researcher. [Cont. documentary study, with numerous facsimiles: (32-52) 1988 Events.] Sept. 1-2: As they discarded the election that did not need for a new constitution to be drawn up, by Mya Win. [BSPP Congress in Sept. 1988 called for an election for a Hluttaw that would take power without a new constitution, but agitators changed their tune and called for an interim government, making necessary Tatmadaw intervention. Thus they are responsible for the present situation!] Sept. 3-4: The titles given by the British imperialists in those days, by Maha Thamun. [Review of British conquest and rule of Myanmar. "Titles and decorations awarded to Myanmar nationals who served {the British} as their lackeys." British titles (TPS, KSM, ATM, TDM) for Myanmars described. British forms of place names which "smeared our towns and cities, including roads and streets with dirty marks of servitude," such as Akyab (for Sittwe), Mergui (Myeik), Tavoy (Dawei), Prome (Pyay), Martaban (Mottama), Moulmein (Mawlamyine), and Rangoon (Yangon). People with "slavish mentalities" still use British place names, pronunciations, and titles.] [Note: Editorial, Cultural patriotism (WPD 9/4), says "A lot of our place-names which had previously been given alien names or transliterations are now being pronounced...according to traditional Myanmar pronunciation. Previously also, a number of generations of Myanmar youth who came under the influence of cultural imperialism considered it somehow fashionable, if not prestigious, to have alien `christian names' attached to their traditional names without any religious justification for it."] Sept. 3: Is it a rumour or an authentic piece of news? Or what?, by Mya Win. [If NLD really calls a Hluttaw session, as VOA said Aug. 31, "it amounts to its defying the authority" and establishing a parallel government. SLORC Declaration 1/90 is in force. Parties "should take care not to do anything one-sidedly outside the bounds of law."] Sept. 4: If we study the form of foreign interference, by Nyan Htet. [Foreign radio "carried out, according to a pre-arranged programme, instigative and agitative work to cause the Shitlaylone (the four eights) anniversary disturbances and to create confrontations on the 18th September anniversary."] Sept. 5: They say they went underground, by Soe Tun Ni. [BCP instigates people to go underground. Some come back. "But men like Bo Mya, who is said to have become wealthy, do not come back. Aung Bala, who is getting on well in a foreign country, does not come back."] Sept. 5-11,13: Why not tell us these, BBC?, by Nay Balu. [(1-8) Lengthy denunciation of BBC, phrased in rhetorical questions as to why BBC told this or that untruth, or did not tell this or that truth. Hundreds of examples cited, ranging throughout modern Myanmar and world history.] Sept. 6,14,18: Under the slogan "Human Rights", by Thiha Thu. [(1) Originally, human rights meant freedom from capitalist and imperialist oppression. Then it became a cold-war ideological weapon. {Thai press photos of police brutality during London anti-poll tax riots, with legend "Force was used to clamp down on unrest and disturbances in their country too..."}. (2) Hypocrisy of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. "Human rights records and reports on Myanmar Naing-Ngan are one-sided accusations and slanders of pro-rightist expatriates and insurgents." [(3) While US Congressmen "fabricated stories...in order to get political gains," the "New York-based Human Rights Watch...tries [to get laws passed]...for giving pressure to the countries which violates human rights by cutting off aid to them .... If the Congress enacts a law that bans and cuts off aid as desired by the insurgents,...this is the giving of an indirect support to an organization which is fighting the government. ["Who is pulling strings from behind the CRDB, ABSDF and DAB and giving financial aid to them.... Those who are opposing the government from within the country under the pretext of human rights are pro-rightist traitors. If it is so, who are backing them? Some Myanmars from the CRDB (USA), CRDB (UK) and others who are no longer Myanmar citizens amassed wealth after the emergence of DAB and ABSDF after the 1988 disturbances.... Expatriates such as Ye Kyaw Thu, Tin Maung Win and Maung Thaung (a) Aung Bala give information to ther `great masters'.... ["One will find out very clearly that the reports...of the human rights organizations are nothing but the fabrications {of traitors}...if one studies the contact between {them}...and advisers to the CRDB such as American Congressmen Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Stephen J Solarz, Dana Rohrabacher and others, Lewis Golinsky and Robert Nathan who had been advisers to the expatriates since their former days and close follower of the spy agency such as U Law Yone.... ["The human rights is being used only to destroy from within the political beliefs in societies in East Bloc countries and in those in the Third World countries which do not like the rightist domination."] Sept. 6,10: Imperialist complicity in assassination of national leaders, by Bo Thanmani. [(1-2) 8-page special article, with photocopies of contemporary news articles, on British involvement in assassination of Bogyoke Aung San.] Sept. 7: In connection with the transfer of power, by Ye Oo. [Parties should cooperate with Tatmadaw; "police action will be taken against them if they cannot apply the brakes in time."] Sept. 15: Beware of `Kyar Bo' or the opportunists, by Maha Thamun. [Beware of rumors, including those distributed by pamphlet. "If lawyers and medical doctors themselves were saying that the statues and images of Lord Buddha were shedding tears or bleeding or that their chests became swollen, who heard what they had said would be swayed not knowing whether it was right or wrong.... Things will never get settled so long as {people} adhere to the idea that whatever the {SLORC} does is wrong. Those who hold such ideas are now called `Kyar Bo'. `Kyar Bo' in Myanmar does not mean that it is a `male tiger'. It is a pun. It means the opposite `Kyo Phar', which means `subserviently approaching those who might come to power one day.'"] Sept. 16,19: Don't hesitate to correct mistakes, by San Linn (Mandalay). [1988 demonstrators were paid to riot and controlled from abroad. Tatmadaw acted with greatest restraint. BBC instigation. Now in 1990 "a big political party...is found to be instigating the people to cause disturbances.... A pamphlet was issued sayiang that...the Tatmadawmen {in Mandalay} kicked the Sayadaws with combat boots,...hit the students with the butts of their firearms and arrested them,...fired tear gas...beat the members of the Sangha and the students with sticks and trampled on them and kicked them. This pamphlet was nothing but fabrications.... {It} could be purchased from wayside hawkers as many as one wanted and this is to be given thought...."] Sept. 17-18: Assessment of the BCP UG's movements in Mandalay-Monywa areas in connection with the BCP's protracted war, by Yebaw Min Gaung. [BCP infiltration of Sangha, etc. Biography of Kyin Maung.] Sept. 20-25,28: Why not tell us these, VOA?, by Nay Balu. [(1-3) Congressman Solarz' visit to Myanmar in Sept. 1988; his false prediction of civil war; he should know Myanmars are a cultured people; "Solarz and the like will never be forgiven." (4-5) Cong. Dana Rohrabacher's visit to KNU insurgents. (6) More on Rohrabacher. Senator Moynihan, who called U Ne Win "The Noriega of Asia," who was pulling the strings from behind. {Bio data on Rohrabacher and Moynihan}. (7) US atom bomb at Hiroshima recalled.] Sept. 21: Letter from FEER. [Letter reprinted in large type {with photocopy of original} from Far Eastern Economic Review of Sept. 20, 1990: ["Partisan views on Burma ["Tired as Robert Taylor's cliches may be, Bertil Lintner (REVIEW, 26 July) seems merely to be replacing, in a blatantly partisan way, an authoritarian tradition by a family one. So much is now riding on Aung San Suu Kyi and so long has Burma been neglected, that, however much it would be refreshing to see her come to power, unless she too became authoritarian in turn, it is difficult to see how she could use power successfully, still less satisfy all expectations of her. ["For while it may be fun now to back the Tatmadaw into a corner, reporters like Lintner are not exactly serving a future under Aung San Suu Kyi better. The Tatmadaw remains, as any national army must, `the best Tatmadaw we have'; and in getting there from here, short of civil war or a blood bath, some sort of accommodation with it has to be found, so making the position more fraught does not help (and is not reporting). ["Lintner provides one fascinating glimpse in his book Outrage: Burma's Struggle for Democracy. A British reporter was sent by the BBC World Service (at the suggestion of the Head of Eastern Service, a former Burma Programme Organizer) to cover a special Burma Socialist Programme Party meeting; he was young, without prior experience of Burma; he went, as journalists did, on a tourist visa; and he was openly agitated by what he found. According to Lintner, he set public opinion alight by broadcasting, as a novel expedient, interviews with local people, including a call to mass demonstration on 8 August 1988. People in Burma had never heard their views broadcast live in this way before, nor had the Tatmadaw any experience in controlling a crowd so inflamed. ["Was this deliberate? Or were people in the BBC so out of touch that they did not know what they were doing? ["As for Aung San Suu Kyi, she may be no housewife like Mrs Aquino, as Lintner claims, but she also needs to show that she is no Oxbridge hothouse plant like Benazir Bhutto. In this respect she is very much an unknown quantity. Certainly she has experience working in the UN, but it is not clear if such an opening would have come the way so easily of someone, even an Oxford graduate, lacking a famous father and a well-connected guardian. DOUGLAS ROGERS"] Sept. 22: You alone will go mad, by Maha Thamun. [Ignore rumors and foreign broadcasts. VOA on Sept. 18 quoted Cong. Stephen Solarz that Myanmar people showed in election that they "rejected the military administration and wanted a civilian government...." To hear what {Solarz} said is very unpleasant--as unpleasant as breathing in foul air and hearing people beating tins early in the morning.... ["The VOA broadcast that it had interviewed fourth-year student (Physics) Ma Onmar. "This was nothing but trying to revive the dirty smell that existed some two years ago." Onmar said "many people including students lost their lives in the general strike on 8-8-88" but we know that "not one person died on 8-8-88. ["Then came one Ko Htein Lin, said to be an 18-year old student of Sangyoung State High School. He said 328 persons were killed in Sagaing ...shot dead by the PPF station during the disturbances.... ["Next, the VOA broadcast what one Ma Myint Myint Than, a fourth-year botany student said. She said, `What I want to say is that if the Army goes back into the barracks, we students will have to go back into the classrooms.'... During the disturbances the BBC and the VOA broadcast made-up and concocted `interviews with students' {in which}...the girl students said they had got raped.... Later...the girls...admitted that it was a made-up interview prearranged .... One can be deceived only once .... Hello VOA, we people do not believe your concocted interview which your deranged minds have invented .... If you use concocted interviews the contents of which, you know, are false, you alone will go mad, VOA."] Sept. 24: The sweet smelling flower, by Chit Kyi Maung. [Defend patriotism and our tradition. Do not copy foreign dress, foreign songs. "The State does not tell you not to be sophisticated. It simply wants you not to be super sophisticated."] Sept. 26-27: The imperialists' turning Myanmar Naing-Ngan into their colony, plundering, endangering the Sasana, by Bo Thanmani. [(1) Gen. Prendergast named British commander in 1885. {photo of Prendergast and British officers posing with a Buddha at their feet}. (2) "The imperialists' endangering and hurting Buddhism and the Sasana has now been exposed with evidence." Quotes and photos from A.T.Q. Stewart's The Pagoda War {1972}.] Sept. 26,28: The tasks to be carried out by party organizations, candidates that contested in the election, by Phi Chit Thu. [(1-2) Law on filing reports of spending. 347 of 479 representatives have filed to date.] Sept. 27: Myanmar Naing-Ngan's effective drug abuse control, by Maung Dawna. [Brief review: "Thus steps are being taken in all directions, leaving no stones unturned, in order to do away with narcotic drug abuse.] Sept. 29-30: The Simangain (1) incident of 4-9-88, by An Eyewitness. [(1-2) Account of 1988 "disturbances" in Simangain (1) Ward, South Okkalapa {Yangon}, where 23 persons were "brutally killed" ] Sept. 30: Effective Drug Abuse Control in Myanmar Naing-Ngan, by Kyaw Kyaw. [Drugs were introduced by British, and opium trafficking by US in support of Kuomintang; Tatmadaw anti-drug efforts summarized.] Press Conference [Press conferences have been held regularly since 1988. On July 19 it was announced that the July 20 conference would not be held and that, thereafter, official press conferences would be held fortnightly unless otherwise deemed necessary.] Sept. 11: At the 104th State LORC Press Conference, Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt and U Tin Tun (Energy) made lengthy presentations. ["Photo Documents" exhibited at the Press Conference were reproduced in the WPD from Sept. 12-15 (WPD 9/12-15)] :Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt -- State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt appraised "matters which may not yet be clear to the political parties and some of the people," as an extension of State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung's speech of Sept. 7. "We have been hearing all sorts of talk...about the transfer of power. The gist of what is being said includes that a national convention is to be formed to draw up a new constitution; that the Tatmadaw is to prove [sic] it and the people are to vote on it; that another election is to be held and since it will take years to carry out these tasks stage by stage, there may finally be no transfer of power and that the Tatmadaw is undertaking this program simply because it does not wish to hand over power." "As the British imperialists would give Myanmar Naing-Ngan independence only if all the people of the land demonstrated concensus...concessions [had to be] made to please the imperialists. The socialist cause, which was the national aspiration, had to be relegated to secondary position.... If the clause `the right to secede...' had not been included in the constitution [of 1947], the British imperialists might never have granted independence.... This constitution could be regarded as a temporary constitution .... As it was drawn up with the sole aim of regaining independence, the desires of the people could not be fully ascertained.... Rather... [it] reflects and represents the desires of the Sawbwas, the feudal lords belonging to the ruling class .... The British imperialists working in complicity with `axe-handles' inside the country, assassinated Bogyoke Aung San and the other leaders whom they knew it would be very difficult to handle.... "As the political system practised was a bourgeois parliamentary democratic system and as the economic system practised was one which was entirely in the hands of the foreign capitalists, the people were exploited.... Insurrections broke out ...and later, the party in power split into many factions.... The prejudice [was great] between those who had once been colleagues as they adhered to the motto `To get power is primary and the wellbeing of the nation is secondary". "As the country was on the verge of disintegration, the Caretaker Government led by General Ne Win came into being in 1958. There were some people who blatantly lied that the Tatmadaw had seized power. The Tatmadaw held the election as promised and systematically handed over (to the winning party).... But it did not amend the Constitution to make it worthy of an independent nation.... "So the Federal issue arose.... Furthermore, the unity within Myanmar Naing-Ngan disintegrated and... the nation tethered [sic] on the brink of disintegration.... In other words, treasonous elements and traitors within the country counted on foreign forces that entered the region.... "At that time...the Constitution no longer suited the country. It no longer prescribed the establishment of socialism, the original national objective. It was building capitalist Parliamentary democratic system contrary to the original objective. National solidarity had disintegrated. National economy had also become bankrupt...in the hands of foreigners.... The war that would be breaking out in South-East Asia due to foreign interferences was going to engulf Myanmar Naing-Ngan too. "Because of these conditions, the Revolutionary Council came into being in 1962.... This led to implementing the socio-political system, the original national objective of an independent nation, under a suitable Constitution.... The 33-member internal unity advisory committee made up of prominent politicians was formed on 4 December 1968.... Scores of mass rallies and seminars were held to solicit the wishes and opinions of national races and people from all classes.... A constitution was drafted based on their desires and opinions.... "If we look at the two constitutions...the 1947 Constitution which was drawn up prior to the gaining of independence, contains provisions on the right to secede... and besides it was drawn up in haste and therefore the approval of the national people could not be sought. "As for the 1974 Constitution,... the opinions of the people were solicited on a wide scale. Moreover, a nation-wide referendum was held and ...the matter of the states of the national races were completely solved in accordance with the wishes of the national races.... It was overwelmingly approved by the people and hence it can be regarded as firm and good. "However, a question can be raised as to why it ended up with the disturbances.... The then Chairman of the Organ of State Power U Ne Win delivered an address at the Pyithu Hluttaw premises on 10 August 1987, reiterating the need to review and apparaise in order to effect changes in economy and also to amend the Constitution if necessary. He also spoke of the need to consider and take measures to remedy the weaknesses in the socialist economic system and the one-party system. It was guidance given to think over whether it was appropriate or not to change over to multi-party system .... "The public became restless in 1988 and...[at the] Emergency Party Congress...the Party Chairman himself suggested holding a national referendum to find out which of the two systems--one-party system or multi-party system--the people wanted.... Although the suggestion...was not followed,...a decision was made to change and practise the multi-party system at another Emergency Party Congress held on 10 September 1988. If the political organizations which existed at that time had accepted the arrangements of the State organs of power to effect changes in its system, this would have created...a multi-party political system...by merely amending the constitution.... There would have been no reason for the State Law and Order Restoration Council to come into being. [Its] coming into existence...is the same as [that] of the Caretaker-Government of General Ne Win in 1958 and the Revolutionary Council in 1962 as it was inevitable dou to developments in history when the country was on the verge of disintegration, obviously it was a matter of history repeating itself... "When an era or a system ceases to exist, then the constitution which reflects that era and system also ceases to be in force.... The [SLORC] views everything from a legal point of view.... The national objective in 1947 was to gain independence...and in 1962 it was the socialist cause.... After the advent of the [SLORC], the national objective is the coming into force of the multi-party system and accordingly, the [SLORC]...held the multi-party election. "After the holding of the free and fair election in order to aim for the parliamentary democracy system, which is the national objective, it is necessary to implement the second step of drafting of the constitution...which is acceptable to majority of the national races .... "The emergence of the [SLORC] was due...to political organizations which rejected the offer for the establishment of the multi-party system according to the law but demanded...an interim government according to the programme for seizing power through force.... [Congressman] Solarz and...Ambassador...Levin met with...Dr. Maung Maung on 4 September and attempted to browbeat him into forming an interim government by setting aside the constitution.... Some diplomats are still interfering.... "An announcement broadcast by the VOA on 1-9-90...stated that the military government has been violating human rights; that new conditions are laid down...[for] handing over power to the elected civilian government...[and] drafting and approving the constitution;...that the Army will continue its rule without limitations...; that the Myanmar Army had driven about 500,000 people out of their homes and resettled them in remote places during the last six months and that democracy means that the Army is to be put under civilian government which was elected in accordance with constitutional and democratic means. These facts [sic] were announced by VOA on 1-9-90.... [Denunciation of foreign interference and BCP plotting. Review of establishment and dissolving of parties. Analysis of surviving 93 parties, and of election results.] "When we studied the list of successful candidates...the majority stood for election under the name of the National League for Democracy... Of the 485 successful candidates, there were 42 retired Tatmadawmen, ...145 retired service personnel, 54 advocates and lawyers, 50 doctors and 194 civilians.... Students are conspicuous by their absence.... If [SLORC] had no wish to hand over power it would not have held the election. This is quite clear.... "The National League for Democracy [NLD] Central Executive Committee and League candidates elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw held their first plenum at the Gandhi Hall on 28-29 July 1990 and published the `Gandhi Hall Declaration,' the main points of which were the convening of the Pyithu Hluttaw during September 1990, the handing-over of power according to the 1990 temporary constitution written by the [NLD] and the writing of a new constitution by the Pyithu Hluttaw only after power was transferred to the body.... [Other similar NLD declarations cited.] The Democratic Labour Party (Myanmar), the League of Democratic Allies and five student parties, namely the Democratic Party for New Society, the Patriotic Democratic Youth Front, the Patriotic Youth Organization, the Graduates and Old Students Democratic Association and the Youths Unity Front separately published support for the Gandhi declaration. "The United Nationalities League for Democracy...[which] listed 22 parties after the latest changes... [has] four main standpoints.... One, formation of a Union comprising eight states by racial grouping.... Two, the full enjoyment of the three sovereign rights by these states. Three, the formation of a bicameral Hluttaw, and four, a union where equal rights are enjoyed.... "A youth organization, the Democratic Party for New Society [endorsed the "Gandhi declaration, while "manipulating the illegal organizations" and having "shady dealings" with the ABSDF].... I want to say there is a limit to such actions and they must cease.... "The...five youth organizations [listed above]...have jointly issued a statement endorsing the Gandhi declaration. It is also found that political parties would gang together and put the present military under coercion, stage demands and fights and then move toward instigating disturbances. I want to say this is not the time to get into such activities. "Student...groupings such as the Ba-Ka-Tha, then the Ba-Ka-Tha (Upper Myanmar), Ba-Ka-Tha (Lower Myanmar), Thone-yaung-chai, Khut-daung-ni-Asiayone, Ma-Ta-Tha, Ah-Ka-Tha, Ah-Kha-Tha and such like, have been active variously and in disunity.... Some...are found to be working in collusion with political parties, some are...engaged in what concerns the students. Some...are... moving towards creating disturbances.... Some students get bold not only to the point of circulating anti-government handouts, but...to destroying the posters displaying Our Three Causes or smearing them with paint ,... [and] destroying the telephone. Or to take down the State Flag, create disturbances during school hours, or threatening the teachers or trying to harm them.... "Those who are against the Three Causes...are connected with the insurgents and those who are fomenting trouble from outside the country.... "Various political parties are talking variously about the kind of constitution they want.... [Breakdown of proposals] The Union of Myanmar is made up of 135 national groups. Therefore, if such variance as is found today gets into the way of drafting a constitution, it would point to the Union moving toward disintegration.... "Next, I want to put before you what concerns religion and race issues being mixed up in politics.... Some political forces in Rakhine State are working toward formation of a racial entity.... [Support by NLD and others; money contributions to NLD] The two points are: (1) Recognition of Myanmar-Muslim as Pathi and setting them up as a national group....(2) A self-governing status in the areas resided by Muslims.... "[NLD pamphlets in Mandalay] made out...as if the security units, in controlling the disturbances, had resorted lawlessly to force, as if the sangha and the students had shed blood.... [Reports on Mandalay disturbances by Monywa U Tin Shwe and others were only hearsay. Foreign broadcasting stations have reported "fabricated news." Bangkok papers distort reports sent by correspondents in Myanmar, and use incorrect news sent by diplomats. They ignore news on the BCP and KNU.] Bertil Lintner...goes to the (KNU) camp and reports the news that the insurgents have given.... Diplomats...seem to be conspiring to incite violence and disturbances intentionally.... "Diplomatic staff of some embassies...are...in constant touch with political parties.... [In] many instances student youths were invited and instigated.... "Foreign interferences and instigations of foreign organizations are mainly responsible for continuing insurgency problems. They persist because of foreign conspiracies.... "The SLORC...Declaration 1/90 [of] 27 July 1990...is actually a guideline for the political parties... what to do or what not to do so that nothing untoward would happen in the political transition of the country. The [SLORC] on 29 August 1990 sent the attitude of the SLORC...to three political parties, namely the National League for Democracy, the Patriotic Old Comrades League and the Party for National Democracy.... It is to let them know that...we are going to constantly uphold the progress of the national cause.... We are joining hands with the political parties along historical lines for building a democratic nation.... "As regards personnel of the political parties and Hluttaw candidates, there will be things they can do just as there are things they cannot do where the writing of a new constitution is concerned. Do what you are supposed to do. If there is something you cannot do, the SLORC and the Tatmadaw are ready to help you.... "Informations have been sent to the elected Hluttaw representatives to complete their work as mentioned in the...Election Law.... [They] are to submit (1) election expense accounts and (2) to give explanation on objections lodged against them .... "Out of 479 representatives 347 ...had already submitted their election expense accounts up to now.... There are alo 1,730 candidates who were not elected.... Out of this 1,093 candidates have submitted... accounts.... Only three Independent candidates out of six submitted... accounts. [Of] 81 Independent candidates who were not elected...58 have submitted accounts.... "There are 11 objections lodged in accordance with Section 64(a) of the Election Law...being heard at five tribunals.... There are 31 complaint letters sent to the [SLORC] .... The Election Commissions also received 41 complaint letters.... "We also know there are differences of opinion within the political parties, personality cult, personal attack, misappropriation, politicking and complaint letters were received from the political parties. The complaint letter said woman Hluttaw representative from the National League for Democracy was allegedly guilty of misappropriation and...moral turpitude.... A doctor who was an elected Hluttaw representative from the [NLD] is facing trial with alleged looseness of character.... "If efforts are made [by parties] to cause instability in the country the government that assume responsibilities cannot help in framing a constitution. It amounts to wasting the time for the government has to control the situation.... Hence, it is time for political parties and organizations to make efforts for the swift emergence of a new constitution that conforms with law [sic], instead of threatening and instigating with the aim of disintegrating the Tatmadaw and trying to confront the Tatmadaw.... "I will now present matters in connection with taking of action on the night of 6-9-90. Action has been taken against U Kyi Maung and U Chit Khaing of the [NLD]. They were frequently...given warning...to control themselves and their party members .... According to law, action has to be unavoidably taken for they committed an offence with the aim of jeopardizing the security of the Union and restoration of law and order (or) attempted for that purpose.... We have already got evidence that some political parties have contacts with insurgent ghroups in the jungle. We will carry out what needs to be done in this connection.... "I will present the latest conditions of the BCP organizations. The Kokang, Wa, Shan/Ah Khar national organizations drove out the political and military leaders of the Burma Communist Party...in March and April 1989...and so the BCP leaders had to take refuge in Panwah area in Kachin State where they have the No 101 military region.... [There] they reconstituted the [BCP] politburo with Thakin Ba Thein Tin, Khin Maung Gyi, Bo Kyin Maung, Yebaw Kyaw Mya and Yebaw Ba Than.... They attempt to reestablish Shweli Valley as their base area.... "The BCP leaders who were from the national races...declared that they no longer accepted the BCP (central). So, Thakin Ba Thein Tin, Khin Maung Gyi, Myo Myint, Bo Kyin Maung (a) Yebaw Tun, Ba Than, Yebaw Kyaw Zaw, Yuam Kwam (a) Tin Yi and Soe Thein (a) Lin Htin had to take refuge in some small towns in the border areas of the other country.... However...Bo Kyin Maung (a) Yebaw Tun continued to carry out underground (UG) work.... "There is said to be a box of treasure at the BCP central headquarters.... They also have nearly one million US dollars as well as some 2.5 million yuans. The money is kept under the charge of Bo Kyin Maung and Ba Than.... Bo Kyin Maung arranged to send his UG groups to Mandalay, Madaya, Monywa, Meiktila, Myingyan and Pyinmana areas to set up bases...since the beginning of January 1990. Yebaw Tun (a) Bo Kyin Maung held a meeting with the remaining BCP forces at Thitkhwa camp of Panwah area on 17-1-90.... He said...not to discard Marxism...[or] the principle of armed struggle.... "We find that the BCP...are distributing propaganda leaflets.... The `Pyithu Ah-nat' journal...is being distributed in Mandalay area.... They secretly distributed copies of Bulletin 3/90 representing U Wisara and U Ottama [nationalist monks in colonial period---HCMacD] in Mandalay...during 3 August.... "I shall briefly present the economic activities undertaken by the [SLORC].... Enterprises from other countries have been carrying out joint ventures.... "We have given priority to...domestic consumption.... As no rice was exported at all in 1989-90 fiscal year, there has been an adequate amount of rice... and we have been able to stabilize the price of rice. We imported 24,911 metric tons of edible oil in 1989-90...and 72,978.94 metric tons...in 1990-91 and distributed it among the people to meet demand. "With the market economy in effect we have been carrying out border trade...[with] China...and with Thailand.... Trade between Myanmar ...and China...started in December 1988 [and has] resulted in trading up to 2.3 million US dollars worth of goods up to July 1990.... "The [SLORC] has spent over K 5,500 million on development activities...[including] K 342.6 million worth of foreign exchange.... Over K 100 million has been spent [in "development of national races and border areas"]. The economic enterprises...have signed agreements with foreign companies on 401 undertakings. Of them 237 are in operation .... Ten foreign oil companies... will invest 321.59 million US dollars during the first three-year period of oil exploration.... "The country earned 129.526 million US dollars in 1988-89, 151.275...in 1989-90 and 42.268...as of August of 1990-91 financial year from timber export. It obtained 9.65 million US dollars in 1988-89, 13.92...in 1989-90 and 3.45...as of August of 1990-91...from export of fish, prawns and animal feed. "The allegations to the effect that we have no foreign exchange and that we do not know how to do business are totally false.... The accusation...that the economy of Myanmar Naing-Ngan has become bankrupt is totally false.... "We are implementing economic structures which will directly benefit the farmers and workers.... Some ...are: Mu River Valley Irrigation Development Project.... Yenwe Dam Project.... Yin Chaung Dam Project .... Saing Din hydroelectric power supply project.... Paunglaung Chaung Hydel Power Project.... Bilin Hydel Power Project.... "We have been dutiful in connection with service personnel while we are taking responsibility.... The number of persons sent abroad stand at 3,399 up to date...[including] 1,781 as members of delegations, 726 as members of study groups and 892 scholars.... [Partial breakdown by Ministry: Defence 567; Transport 320; Agriculture 307; Health 829; Education 181] Lands have also been alotted to service personnel and loans in cash have been disbursed for construction of houses.... "The present situation in Iraq may immediately topple the decayed feudalism which is still existing in some Middle East countries. We think that if the feudalism is toppled... there may be such situation which will surely lead to destruction of entire economic life of the western countries. On account of this western countries have become very frightened and are taking counter actions as matter of life and death .... We find the relation between the Arab world and the western countries is like a bomb which may explode any time.... If there is change of governments in the Middle East, the majority of the countries which depend for their oil on these counties will inevitably face economic crisis. Myanmar Naing-Ngan... will also be affected...to some extent.... "At a time when all countries... must make concerted efforts in restoring peace in the Middle East... why are some of the big western countries very interested in a small country like Myanmar Naing-Ngan...? We can estimate there is something here coveted by them.... "I will now present the concluding part. I will present matters relating to the drafting of the constitution. There is a dire need to have a constitution which contains precise and concrete policies, ethics, rules and procedures in order to ensure the perpetuity of country's independence; prevent the disintegration of the Union; to enable democratic essence which the people desire flourish and to enable the people to live in peace and tranquillity. "All the Union nationals residing in the country, all mass and class organizations, all intellectuals and technicians, all who love the country and all who protect and preserve the country are to co-ordinate and co-operate in drafting a constitution so that it would be the best and all the national races...would be satisfied.... "I will...present matters on where to start the work of drafting the constitution and who are to take the initiative.... [Drafting and approval of 1974 Constitution reviewed at length.] Don't you think there should be...a conference or a pilot referendum for the drafting of a new constitution broadly based to reflect the wishes of the national races...and people of every walks of life.... [It] is not the work of a single party, a group, an association, a group of people or a single human being.... It simply can't be done in this way.... The wishes, attitudes and advices of the people as broadly based as possible should be sought. "Who will sponsor this?... The SLORC is not going to write the constitution.... Accordingly, people's representatives from different political parties and the major political parties will be leading.... What we have to remember is to obtain the attitude and advice of the Union races living in farflung and remote border areas.... We, members of the SLORC government and the Tatmadaw, have visited our brethren in far away border areas...and have...studied and noted down their feelings and their wishes. Similarly, I would like to say that the voice of our brethren...should be heard and noted down in the programme for obtaining the wishes of the national races to be launched soon. "If the new constitution incorporated these three causes [non-disintegration of the Union or national unity; consolidation of sovereignty] we will welcome it.... After the constitution is systematically, correctly and fully written and after it is approved by the people, the SLORC will hand over power to a strong new government that emerges according to the constitution." (WPD 9/12) :U Tin Tun on Oil -- Director-General of the Energy Planning Department, Ministry of Energy, reviewed oil exploration: There are 14 geological basins and plains with petroleum and gas potential: -North: Hukong; Chindwinn; Shwebo-Monywa; Salin; Bago Yoma; Pyay Embayment; Sittaung; Hsipaw; Nan Myaw; Kalaw. -South: Mawlamyine; Mepale. -West: Rakhine; Ayayarwady. Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise [MOGE] has drilled only in Salin basin (Yenanchaung, Chauk, Mann, and Htaukshabin oil fields); Pyay Embayment (Pyay, Manaung oil fields; Pyayi, Pyaloh, and Shwepyitha gas fields); and Delta Basin (Payagon gas field). Seven blocks have been chosen off the Rakhine Coast, and 18 off the Moattama [Martaban] and Tanintharyi [Tenasserim] coasts, for offshore exploration. Onshore, blocks between the Shan Yoma and Rakhine Yoma which were outside the MOGE working area were made available for Production Sharing Contracts with foreign oil companies. Ten companies have signed contracts for 9 0nshore and 2 offshore areas. Seven foreign companies are now participating: AMOCO (US) in onshore Block B; UNICAL (US) in onshore Block F; PETRO CANADA in onshore Block E; SHELL (Netherlands) in onshore Block G; BHP (Australia) in onshore Block H; IDEMETSU (Japan) in onshore Block D; YUKONG (Korea) in onshore Block C; CROFT (UK) in onshore Block I; KIRKLAND (UK) in onshore Block J; PREMIER (UK) in off-shore Blocks M-13 and M-14. The areas involved range from 1,390 to 15,72 square miles. The Production Sharing Contracts provide for 3 year's exploration; the companies can request two 1-year extensions with 25% reduction in area. The development and production period is 20 years for each commercial discovery. When exploration periods expire, the area can be contracted to others. Companies must pay a "signature bonus" on signing of the contract--10 companies have given US$50 million [total] as signature bonuses. Ten percent of production will be paid to the State as royalty. Each company must make a minimum investment in exploration, with a total for all companies of US$321 million; if the minimum is not used, it must be paid to the State in foreign currency. Oil Production will be shared as follows: -up to 50,000 Bbl/day: 70% to Myanmar; 30% to contractor -50,501-100,000: 80%-20% -100,001-150,000: 85%-15% -over 150,001: 90%-10% Natural Gas Production will be shared as follows: -up to 300 million cubic feet/day: 70% to Myanmar; 30% to contractor -301-600: 80%-20% -601-900: 85%-15% -over 900: 90%-10% Contractors must also give a production bonus to the State when production reaches: -10,000 - US$ 2 million -30,000 - US$ 3 million -50,000 - US$ 4 million -100,000 - US$ 5 million -200,000 - US$ 10 million Contracts also provide for supplying domestic demand at a reasonable price, for training, and for research. At present, companies are carrying out seismic surveys, and will begin drilling test wells at the end of the year. Helicopter operated rigs will be used in the Amoco, Yukong, and Idemetsu Blocks. In response to questions, U Tin Tun said that: Daily crude oil production is now 15,000 barrels, and natural gas with a volume equal to about 15,000 barrels, for a total of about 30,000. "If used with care, it will be quite sufficient for domestic consumption." Oil was imported from Australia "to supply projects being implemented with assistance from the World Bank." -- In response to other questions, spokesmen said that: It is not true that loans for service personnel to build houses in the Yangon City Development area have been stopped. It is not true that customs duties were raised as of Sept. 1. However, assessment of values of goods varies with international rates. "Rates for foodstuff and building materials are lower than current prices." "Necessary action" will be taken against those connected with smuggling out the "SLORC Ruby," and "will be disclosed at appropriate time." (WPD 9/13) Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt's Views Aug. 31: Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt told recuperating soldiers that: "As the attempts to cause disturbances in August have come to no avail, fresh attempts are being made to cause disturbances in September again. Some youths, cooperating with the pundits abroad, are spreading news that they will launch a movement on 9-9-90. Some political parties are reported to have decided to launch the second phase if the Hluttaw is not convened and power not transferred by September. They have also published meeting minutes No 15/90 and come to make this and that demands. Some are saying that a great movement will be launched on 15 September. There are also some who are calling this September `black September.'... "There are some unscrupulous politicians who are saying: `SLORC will collide head on with NLD as both are running along the same rails in opposite directions; the only difference will be the impact of the collision.'... There are publications under the name of UNDP which carry the news that a democracy bomb is going to explode.... The SLORC... will strictly adhere to its Declaration 1/90.... You may sometimes think casually that power can be transferred easily. But if you think it seriously, you'll see that the transition of power without a firm constitution will only lead to the disintegration of the Union. Some nationalities from some states are giving hints of the right to secede even before the transfer of power. We would like to ask the next government how it will tackle things if the nationalities come to make demands and attacks.... "There are some individuals who are accusing the Tatmadaw of being fascists. Although there are such indirect references and innuendoes, the political parties have never revealed their attitude towards the Tatmadaw openly. They only reiterate their demands for earliest transfer of power and their offer to the insurgents to hold peace talks." (WPD 9/1) Sept. 7: Speaking to 650 Tatmadawmen living in civilian dwellings, Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt said: "There are certain unscrupulous persons who set you outliving Tatmadawmen as targets in their attempt to spark off disturbances.... Should the power be transferred without a firm constitution, aliens will blatantly interfere in our internal affairs. In this connection, U Aung Gyi in his book...wrote thus: `We can in no way permit CIA meddling in Myanma domestic affairs. What is worse is that there are some foreigners who are interfering in our affairs. Most of them are from the Western countries.... We'll in no way tolerate foreign interference or influence.... "There are differences of opinions and aims within the parties. You can imagine how perilous it will be for the SLORC to transfer power to them under present circumstances. You should read the book entitled `Whither Myanmar Naing-Ngan?' written by Vidhura Thakin Chit Maung. In his book, he raised a question of whether the casting of overwhelming votes for the candidates of a solitary party is right or wrong.... "The saboteurs have made fresh attempts to launch movements in September.... We have heard that they will collect lists of outliving Tatmadawmen, that they will insult, threaten and bully [them], that if [they] lose their temper and encounter them, they will injure or kill them, that if a civilian dies in the brawl, they will turn the person into a hero and thereby create disturbances.... So, I would like to urge you not to dance to the tune played by them...." [They are also "making movements bringing to the fore the members of the Sangha...."] (WPD 9/8) Judiciary Warned Sept. 2: Chief Justice U Aung Toe warned judges and staff to observe Declaration 1/90. "If the superiors found their subordinates involved in party politics they had to warn the latter and they had to take action unless the warning was heeded. Action will have to be taken against the superiors themselves, he stressed, if they failed to prevent their subordinates." Meanwhile, Deputy Attorney-General U Khin Maung Aye called for "security of documents and facts concerning the government. He said that action would be taken against a service personnel or a member of his family who gave permission to political parties to use State-owned motor vehicles or property." (WPD 9/3) Political Arrests Sept. 7: Six National League for Democracy (NLD) leaders were arrested Sept. 6. The authorities took into custody NLD Executive Committee member U Kyi Maung and Secretary U Chit Khaing "for having sent evidence that ought to be kept for the sake of the State to those not concerned with them." Also taken into custody were NLD Central Committee member U Ohn Kyaing from Mandalay, Mandalay Div. Organizing Committee member U Thein Tan, and Mandalay North-East Twp. Organizing Committee head U Ye Myint Aung, and member U Sein Hla Aung, "for having incited disturbances by writing false news in connection with the scuffle that took place in Mandalay on 8-8-90. Arrangements are being made to take legal action against them." (WPD 9/8) Sept. 21: Three Democratic Party for New Society (DPNS) leaders were arrested Sept. 12. Kyi Win and Win Naing, members of the Executive Committee of the Kayan Township [Yangon] NPNS, and member Lwin Oo, were arrested Sept. 12 for publishing agitative pamphlets under the name of Bamapyi Lunge Kyaung-tha Tat-U, with intent to distribute them to highschool students. "The agitative pamphlets called for the students to make demands and attacks. Effective action will be taken...." (WPD 9/22) Sept. 24: An Acting Executive Committee member, in charge of News and Information, of the National League for Democracy in Kyauktada Twp. [Yangon] was arrested Sept. 20. U Kyee Hla is accused of publishing "3,000 copies of `Why the National Unity Party lost the election'; 300 copies of `The meeting of Mandalay Commander Maj-Gen Tun Kyi and teachers'; 1,000 copies of `Gandhi Hall Declaration'; 500 copies of a translation of Time and Asiaweek news stories on Aung San Suu Kyi; 400 copies of `Myet-khok-dah' Vol 1 and 380 copies of a combination `Myet-Khok-Dah' Vol 1 and Vol 1, 2 and 3 of Ba-dway-phyi-kon-gya-byi-lai' which were reproduced for circulation. U Kyee Hla reproduced his illegal publications at Wai Wai Lwin Typing & Duplicating Works on 32nd Street and Ma Aye Aye Typing on 34th Street and sold them at the saleshop in front of the National League for Democracy Headquarters...." He was arrested with some of the above documents, plus "a political tract headed `National League for Democracy and Youth Parties', an audio cassette containing a speech against the government, photos, ten armbands with insignia of red fighting peacock and tracts written to incite unrest.... Effective action will be taken against him...." (WPD 9/25) Sept. 26: Sein Hlaing (35), Myo Myint Nyein (38), and Nyan Paw (a) Min Lu (36) were arrested Sept. 9 and 13 "in connection with distribution of pamphlets under the heading `Bar Dway Hpyit Kon Byi Lai' to organize the student youths to cause instability in Yangon and to make the people misunderstand the government and the Tatmadaw." Nyan Paw "wrote poems...that slandered high ranking officers of the Tatmadaw..." at the request of Myo Myint Nyein, who gave the poems to Sein Hlaing "who led the unlawful organization Thon Yaung Chai to cause unrest...." [photos] (WPD 9/27) Gen. Saw Maung's Speech 9/7 Sept. 7: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung said, in an address to the nation and to news correspondents [major excerpts]: "There are respective laws for specific professions and responsibilities.... We [Tatmadawmen] abide by the 1959 Defence Services Act. Citizens...have to abide by the Penal Code. Service Personnel...have to follow the Fundamental Rules. Furthermore, as we are Buddhists there is vinaya and codes of conduct for those of the Sasana.... For the entire nation and all the national races residing within the national boundary and for the conduct of international relations there must be a constitution.... "There is the matter of those who reign as kings. I am not a king. In fact, I Am the SLORC Chairman. But I am entirely responsible for Myanmar Naing-Ngan. I do not regard myself as a king. I am not a king. Today is not an era of kings.... [I have read the] "Shwenanthon Abidan" .... I've also found the ten kingly duties in it. [Other texts mentioned].... It is not good for a king to be too aggressive and if he is too soft he will be overwhelmed. I cannot let this kind of thing happen again in our country.... "There are also traditions and customs to be abided by. That means to pay respect to parents, teachers, elders and those who are of same age and to be kind and considerate to the younger ones...." [Christian and Muslim texts cited.] "We have the situation at present .... The broadcast made last night by the BBC and VOA and measures to be taken to prevent undesirable things from taking place.... I did things which ought to be done during the night. You can ask afterwards .... Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt will explain on 11th all these matters on who did what with documents, evidence, records, cassette tapes and video tapes.... "I had mentioned matters to be carried out after the election.... This should be understood by those who will lead the country.... I need reports from the Commission saying that such and such persons have become legally elected Hluttaw representatives, Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.... There seems to be some sort of controversy in this regard. Is this the constituent assembly or is this the Pyithu Hluttaw? [1947 Constitution, written under colonial rule, and adopted as an "a sort of amendment" under British colonial legislation.] But in our case no one must come under us.... I have no constitution. This should be understood.... Whether it's called the Constituent Assembly or the Pyithu Hluttaw...is a matter which concerns the [Election] Commission, as I have said earlier.... "What must the party organizations do?... Why should they come and demand `give us power' using confrontation method? This sort of thing took place in 1988.... I cannot allow such a thing to happen again. On the basis of what constitution is a government to be formed. I have told one and all that I cannot accept a temporary constitution.... [Panglong Conference, and Revolutionary Council conferences recalled.]...[The Revolutionary Council] had a party. I have no party. But if I wanted power I would have formed a party .... "[The parties] should have asked by now what they should do. I have told them that I will help them .... What have they been doing? Have they they own real strength? Have they their real party strength? Ko (Maj-Gen.) Khin Nyunt will tell you about this in detail on 11 September.... [Party expense accounting requirements reviewed]. If the accounts are ...incorrect at the time of one's signing the affidavit, one commits an offense according to the penal law.... This amounts to giving false evidence.... There was a matter connected with a woman. The people thought that we did it to damage her dignity. No. The account must be cleared up.... "Then, another matter connected with law. I shall not give the name. [Daw Aung San Suu Kyi-HCMacD.] It concerns a woman's submission of an application. She was asked, in respect of the decision made according to democratic procedure of the League, whether she had the right to stand for election or not. It will probably be known. However, she signed the application saying she was doing it in obedience to the democratically-made decision of her party. This is connected with 10(e) .... According to it the following persons shall have no right to stand for election...those who have the right to enjoy the rights and privileges enjoyed by subjects and citizens of foreign governments.... What is mentioned is not `those who are enjoying those rights and privileges'.... `The right to enjoy' means one may have enjoyed them at one time or another in the past or one who will enjoy them in the future. That is what is meant.... However, the application was submitted as an act of respect of the decision of that organization. There took place commotion in that township. The matter was settled at the Division-level.... It is not we who created this.... "[Different countries have different kinds of head of state.] In our country how shall we get a Head of State?... I do not say what should be done. This is the work to be done by the coming Hluttaw representatives.... I work very hard. Today there are various kinds of rumours afloat. There is the matter of our having to take action last night. I cannot allow troubles and dangers to occur.... "I must say there are broadcasting stations giving us trouble. I restrained myself and just gave hints as I did not want to have relations between nations affected. I said things in connection with diplomats violating the ethics and code of diplomats. We have tolerated a lot.... "In connection with the matter with members of the Sangha in Mandalay, what I want to say is I am no unbeliever. In fact I am carrying out activities today for the betterment of Sasana.... People in the country are free to profess religion of one's choice. Muslims as well as Christians have the right. I received a letter from Mandalay (from) Thanga Thammagi Ahpwe. The members of Sangha informed us, the military Government, that they boycotted us for what had happened in Mandalay. We cannot help it. I am not a man who will flee the country. But I would like to supplicate that members of the Sangha need to take into account the points mentioned by Aung Min and act accordingly. So, members of the Sangha have to be free from politics. We have no desire to cause trouble to eminent Sayadaws. Because it can amount to committing a sin .... "We have here valuable minerals. The Almanac of 1990 here was sent to me by USIS.... There are lots of mineral wealth. What we need is just to exploit them. There is no need to worry about debts.... Our country became an LDC not we wanted to [sic] .... As I understand it, the suggestion was made to us by two other countries. Nowadays, our country's foreign debt amounts to 4.2 billion .... Our oil exploration work is not a trifle [sic] one. Our oil reserve survey was seven hundred and thirty-three million billion barrels in 1985. It is very promising. I have learnt that we can start drilling some oil wells in the early part of the winter. Now we are only in the stage of seismic survey.... "Some are saying that something will happen on the 9th or on the 15th just like an indication.... I am not a wimp.... But I will not tolerate under any circumstances, anything that will harm the interests of the country and the national races or anything that will make the country come under the influence of another nation. In connection with the actions I have taken, I hereby inform the people, members of Sangha, journalists and my officers in Myanmar Naing-Ngan that I have only done things within the framework of the law. That is all." (WPD 9/8) [Photos in WPD 9/9] Maj-Gen. Tin Oo's Views Sept. 9: State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo briefed officials of the new Hlinethaya Twp. [Yangon], saying: "Though it will not be easy to establish a town or village in a short period, it will be made possible.... The State has made arrangements to provide electricity, drinking water and foodstuffs while paying serious attention to the transport for the people. During the current monsson season, appropriate measures have been taken to keep people living in low-lying areas of the township from flooding. Follow-up measures will be taken at the end of the monsoon season.... "However, some political groups are trying to cause political instability by instigating the members of the Sangha and students. Taking advantage of such a situation, greedy and avaricious traders are manipulating commodity prices.... "In spite of the fact that the State has tripled its spending on education...it is evident that students' peaceful pursuit of education is affected due to political incitements. The cetana of the Government is for the emergence of intellectuals and technicians that the country is in need [sic]. Though we have made arrangements for opening not only the basic education schools but also the universities and colleges, the latter cannot be opened as yet due to political hindrances...." (WPD 9/10) Sept. 15: State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo told officials in Shwepyitha and North Okkalapa Townships [Yangon] that it was "just rumor" that higher revenues caused a rise in the price of commodities. The State had been collecting revenues as usual, and "unscrupulous elements were manipulating commodity prices by spreading false news." (WPD 9/16) Disturbances in Mandalay Sept. 11: Some monks and students caused disturbances Sept. 10, injuring 11 security unit members. Two novices were detained. 50 monks and 20 students hoisted a "fighting peacock" flag between Saku Taik and Htilin Taik, shouted slogans, and threw stones. 100 monks did the same between Khin Ma Gan Taik and Moegaung Taik. Two companies of security units and police took positions at the entrance of Gwaygyo Taik on 26th(B) St., and dispersed the crowd. At the Kyauksit Firestation the crowd grew to 200 monks and residents, who invaded the station and set fire to equipment. The police cleared the building and arrested two novices. The crowd continued unruly, and invaded the building again, causing more damage. (WPD 9/12) Sept. 15: Four sick Tatmadaw members on their way to hospital in Mandalay by trishaw on Sept. 14 were assaulted by 30 members of the Sangha. "The monks threw stones, seized one of the men and beat him up.... People in the street strongly appealed to the monks saying that the Tatmadawmen came from the district and were innocent. Only then was the man freed, but had to be hospitalized for injuries inflicted." The same day members of the Sangha of the Mogaung Kyaungtaik "catapulted and threw stones at Tatmadaw security personnel based in the premises of Eindawya, Mandalay." (WPD 9/16) Sept. 17: Five students expelled last year from No. 9 High School in Mandalay South-West Twp. scaled the school wall and disrupted a school test. They were joined by 7 others, hoisted a flag, and "urged the students sitting for examination to go out under duress." They threatened the headmistress and a teacher with knives and burned exam questions and papers. When security unit members arrived, they were stoned from a crowd of 500 onlookers, and finally used 4 teargas canisters to disperse the crowd. Three security unit members were wounded, and suspected people were "summoned for questioning so that legal action could be taken." (WPD 9/18) Editorial for Students Sept. 13: (Editorial-excerpts) "Where you go students?. "This is a special message for students. The SLORC does not hate you. Why you then say `confront SLORC'? Why you shout and make trouble? Why you follow those who do not love you?.... "Students! You know why these people are afraid of SLORC and Tatmadaw? They are afraid because SLORC and Tatmadaw will defend our country .... These people who want you to hate SLORC and Tatmadaw; they say that SLORC and Tatmadaw want power. "No! That is a lie!... If SLORC and Tatmadaw want power, no multiparty democracy general election would be held. Now SLORC and Tatmadaw have held multiparty democracy general election. Very successfully. Also very free and fair. "Then why VOA, BBC and AIR broadcasting bad things about SLORC and Tatmadaw? Why are some foreign writers like Bertil Lintner saying bad things...? "They do this because they want to split our country. They wish to make our country weak. They are working for greedy foreigners who want to take our country. Greedy foreigners want to own our country. They want our country because it is very rich. "Students do you want foreigners to own your country?... "Many trouble-makers praising students to hate SLORC and Tatmadaw.... They praise because they want students to do what they are afraid to do.... They are making use of students!... "They do not want Myanmar Naing-Ngan to be united and strong! All these greedy people want is power for themselves! And they make use of students for this purpose! "Students! We ask one question. "Any students elected in recent multiparty general election? Anybody from legal student organization elected? None at all! "So, where you go students!" (WPD Editorial 9/13) SLORC Historical Exhibition Sept. 18-30: The SLORC Exhibition on Historical Trend of Myanmar Politics and National Objectives opened at Tatmadaw Hall on U Wisara Road, and was visited by 229 representatives of 57 political parties. It includes historical documents shown at the 104th Press Conference on Sept. 11. (WPD 9/19) [Extensive photos of exhibits in most daily articles] // Sept. 19: University teachers attended, and heard speeches. // Sept. 20: Speeches and displays continued. (WPD 9/21) Sept. 21: High and Middle School teachers attended. Maj. Than Tun said the exhibit showed how President U Ne Win welcomed U Nu; how U Nu told U Kyaw Nyein, U Aung Gyi, and others in 1983 that "elections would be held some day" that preparations must be made. :Ne Win on Daw Aung San Suu Kyi Maj. Than Tun went on to say: "Another person who has made accusations against the Tatmadaw and General Ne Win is Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. However much slanderous speeches and accusations she made, there are evidences which show General Ne Win's attitude towards the offspring of the National Leader. Here is a draft article of Maj San Myint (Rtd), who was performing security duty near the General. In this article, he recounted his experiences of the General's trip to India in 1964-65. In this article, he disclosed the conversation between the then Ambassador to India Daw Kyin Kyi [Aung San's widow--HCMacD] and the General's wife Daw Kyin May Than. Daw Khin May Than told Daw Khin Kyi that the General on some occasions had told her that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi should be sent back to Myanmar Naing-Ngan as he feared she might get married to a foreigner. Daw Khin Kyi told Daw Kyin May Than that she wanted her to tell the General not to worry about this because she would arrange her return. "Moreover, the General, one day after his return from India, said that they must take into consideration the health, education and economic affairs and even the marriage of the offspring of the National Leader, that the offspring of Bogyoke Aung San were required to be patriotic, that should they be married to aliens who were good-for-nothing fellows, the national spirit which Bogyoke Aung San had aspired for would be lost in addition to their possibly being looked down upon by the people of Myanmar and that the phrase: `Destroying a nation' did not only mean the occupation of a nation but also the damaging of morale of the citizens of a nation. The general also said that there had been instances in which some members of the Royal family of King Thibaw were married to foreigners as the country was annexed by the British imperialists, that the daughter of the National Leader must therefore be told so that such a case must not happen to her, that he wanted to see the children of the National Leader become professors or doctors of Myanmar Naing-Ngan that he did not want them to engage in politics, that by playing with politics they might have earned enemies and that he wanted the sons and daughters of the National Leader to be respected and loved by the entire nation. These were mentioned in the draft article of Maj San Myint (Rtd). "If the article is studied, you will be able to learn the General's cetana for the sons and daughters of the National Leader. Regarding contesting the election, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi earlier said that she would not contest the election. There are documents that she she has not decided to take part in the election. There are also the broadcasts made by the BBC. But when her party submitted her candidature it was signed that she decided to contest the election in respect of the wishes of the people. It is necessary to think whether it is legal to contest an election. She should have considered whether she would be eligible under Section 10(e) of Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law. The Commission has a written record urging it to delete the section. This is a law Bogyoke Aung San himself had enacted. "Documentary evidences are shown. The record showing that she had lived abroad since 1960, marriage certificate, birth certificates of her children and what her permanent address was mentioned when she applied for a passport. That's why there were objections when she submitted her candidacy in the election. On the other hand they had done all sorts of things to win the election. Photographs showing how the Township Zone Commission was threatened and the decision of the Division Commission were displayed. Moreover, the photographs of the things sent to Daw Aung San Suu Kyi by her husband are also shown. These things have been sent through the British Embassy. Why did the British Embassy help her. You can think for yourself. She has been enjoying these privileges ...." (WPD 9/22) {photos} Sept. 22: At a session attended by teachers, Lt-Col. Kyaw Thein discussed BCP activities: "The BCP...have possessed a box of treasure looted from the people, one million US dollars and 2.5 million yuan (Chinese currency). Using these funds the BCP gets the BCP(UG) party regional committee 4828 in action in upper Myanmar such as Mandalay, Madaya, Sagaing, Monywa and Myingyan...{led by} Michael (a) Wai Linn (a) Kyaw Myu (a) Hla Thaung. "Bo Kyin Maung and his group reside in border towns across the border and have been publishing `Pyithu Arnar' journal which carries instructions for BCP UGs. They have already published No 6 journal. BCP UGs are circulating illegal publications in Mandalay carrying in them political guidelines contained in the `Pyithu Arnar' journal.... `U Wisara and U Ottama Journal', for instance, seems to represent members of the Sangha if its cover and name only are studied. Ideology and investigations in the journal, however, are the material of the BCP's `Pyithu Arnar' journal. The `Meedok' newspaper takes the symbol of the `meedok' (torch) which the `Pyithu Arnar' journal...used as a symbol before and after independence. The `Meedok' newspaper has taken the place of `Aryon-U' newspaper which was exposed and it is a BCP agitative and propaganda paper...." (WPD 9/23) {photos} Sept. 23: More teachers visited. "Maj Myo Myint spoke at length on matters concerning foreign journals and periodicals such as Dawn, CRDB Update, Burma News Letter, ISBDA, Information Service on Burmese Democracy Affairs, Burma Review, Far Eastern Economic Review, Asiaweek, Outrage and Land of Jade, which contain articles that slander and attack Myanmar Naing-Ngan." (WPD 9/24 {photos} // Sept. 24: More teachers visited. (WPD 9/25) // Sept. 25: More teachers visited. (WPD 9/26) // Sept. 26: More teachers visited. (WPD 9/27) // Sept. 27: Civil servants visited. (WPD 9/28) // Sept. 28: Civil servants visited. (WPD 9/29) Sept. 29: Civil servants visited the exhibit, where they examined "publications from organizations based in foreign countries...[such as] `Dawn' of ABSDF, `CRDB Update' of a Washington-based organization, `The Burma News Letter' of CRDB (UK) and CRDB (FRG), `The Burma Review' from New York-based organization, the ISBDA (Information Service on Burmese Democracy Affairs) published by ISBDA in Japan, `Outrage, Land of Jade' written by Bertil Lintner, the 13-8-90 and 26-8-90 issues of the Far Eastern Economic Review, the 20-9-90 issue of the FEER which includes a letter titled `Partsan {sic} Views on Burma' written by Douglas Roger, the FEER and the `Asiaweek' magazines published in 1990, the 9-8-90 issue of The Nation and Bangkok Post newspapers which included false news about Mandalay incident that took place on 8-8-90, the Japanese newspapers--Asahi Shinbum, Daily Yomiuri and Japan Times--issued on the same date and the false broadcasts of BBC and VOA." Press Release on VOA & BBC Sept. 28: The Foreign Ministry issued a Press Release "in connection with the false news commentatries made by VOA and BBC earlier today" [text]: "The morning transmissions of the VOA and the BBC on 28 September 1990 carried a news comment on a so-called verbal demarche made by some 17 diplomatic missions in Yangon in connection with the action taken against some individuals and the questioning of a few members of the local staff of the US, British, and Australian Embassies for their activities in contravention of the existing laws. The news comment also quoted the so-called protest made by the United States Government both in Washington DC and in Yangon. "The news commentary, in which the US Embassy in Yangon apparently had a part to play, is tantamount to an effort to spread news of their choice, and discredit the Government. The move was simply an endeavour to present a situation as if the International Community is concerned about the internal developments in Myanmar. In actuality, the Ambassador of the Republic of Italy requested an appointment with the Director-General of the Political Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to pass on a demarche on behalf of the EC countries on certain actions taken by the Government. But due to misconceptions among some Western Heads of Mission, the impression was given as if the International Community was collectively protesting the legal measures taken by the Government. The demarche did not take place but, out of politeness, the Director-General of the Ministry of Foreign affairs accepted a non-paper expressing in general terms the concern of the Italian Government and the EC he represents. The US Ambassador and the Australian Ambassador separately approached the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to inform that they also joined the demarche but since they are not members of the EC, the approach was politely declined. They were, however, informed that if they received instructions from their governments, they could individually contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "There are a few Embassies in Yangon that perceive Article 38 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations only through the perspective of rights and not also from the point of view of obligations. Accordingly, they attempted to take the opportunity to act on behalf of their local staff by presenting a complaint together with the intent of interfering in the internal affairs of the Union of Myanmar. Some Ambassadors went so far as to write letters to certain political parties extending advice and encouraging them to defy the law enforcement authorities. "In line with this intent, the news of the so-called demarche was dispatched to the VOA and BBC as if there actually occurred an international protest against the action of the Government. This is not true. "The Swedish and Canadian Ambassadors, the Australian Embassy, the Japanese Charge d'Affaires, and an official from the US Embassy, separately either sent non-papers or personally delivered notes to the officials concerned of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "It is regrettable to note that what should have been a simple diplomatic exercise by a few diplomats in the Yangon Diplomatic Corps has become grossly exaggerated through the biased media such as the VOA and BBC which have been broadcasting incorrect news about events in Myanmar." (WPD 9/29) ELECTIONS Election Tribunals The Government has formed Election Tribunals to hear specific election complaints: Tribunal 1: Sept. 1: Heard objections against Nai Khin Maung and 4 others in Kyaikmaraw 2 (Mon). (WPD 9/4) // Sept. 6: U Tin Ngwe of the NLD testified that Mon insurgents and voting officials used intimidation, etc. on behalf of winning Mon National Democratic Front. (WPD 9/7) // Sept. 10: Heard complaints in Ingapu-2 (Ayeyarwady) case that winning independent candidate Dr. Saw Aung in fact ran as a NLD candidate. (WPD 9/11) // Sept. 12: U Tin Ngwe's testimony in Kyaikmaraw-2 case heard at length. (WPD 9/14) // Sept. 26: Heard the Ingapu-2 case; to continue Oct. 2. (WPD 9/27) Tribunal 2: Sept. 7: A voter has lodged objections to Hluttaw representative U Win Kyaing in Bogale-1 (Ayeyarwady), and another to Dr. Sein Myint in Bogale-2. (WPD 9/8) // Sept. 11: Heard complaints against Hluttaw representative U G Bawng Hlan (KSNOD) in Chipwe (Kachin); Sept. 12: Heard complaints in Bogale-2; Sept. 13: Heard complaints in Bogale-1. (WPD 9/14) // Sept. 17: Heard the Chipwe case; to be continued Oct. 1. (WPD 9/18) // Sept. 26: Heard the Bogale-2 case; to be continued Oct. 8. (WPD 9/27) // Sept. 27: Heard the Bogale-1 case; to be continued Oct. 4. (WPD 9/28) Tribunal 3: Aug. 31: Heard arguments against elected representative U Win Shein (Indep.) in Myaung-1 (Sagaing.) (WPD 9/1) // Sept. 14: Arguments continued (WPD 9/16) // Sept. 17: Heard the Pyin-Oo-Lwin-2 [Maymyo] (Mandalay) case. (WPD 9/18) // Sept. 19: In Myaung-1 case, Tribunal upheld Dr. Kyaw Naing Tun's right to bring a complaint even though he was not a voter in the constituency; next hearing Oct. 1. (WPD 9/20) // Sept. 25: Heard the Pyin-Oo-Lwin-2 case; to be continued Oct. 2. (WPD 9/26) Tribunal 4: Aug. 31: Heard arguments against elected representative U Hkun Tun Lu (a) U Tun Lu (NUP) in Hopang (Shan). (WPD 9/1) // Sept. 10: Hearing against U Shwe Ya [photo]. (WPD 9/11) // Sept. 12: Heard further arguments against Hluttaw representative U Shwe Ya in Sittway-1 (Rakhine). (WPD 9/13) // Sept. 14: Arguments continued in the Hopang and Sittway-1 cases. (WPD 9/16) // Sept. 18: Heard the Hopang case continued, with counterclaims by winning National Unity Party candidate. (WPD 9/19) // Sept. 24: Heard the Sittway-1 case; to be continued Oct. 2. Also heard the Hopang case; to be continued Sept. 27. (WPD 9/26) Tribunal 5: Sept. 7: Candidate U Maung Lwin has lodged objections to Hluttaw representative U Hla Thein in Homalin-2 (Sagaing). (WPD 9/8) // Sept. 17: Heard complaints against Hluttaw representative Dr. Hmuh Thang (Indep.) in Thantlang (Chin); defence protested against untranslated documents in Chin. (WPD 9/18) // Sept. 25: Heard the Thantlang case; next hearing Oct. 5. (WPD 9/ 26) // Sept. 25: Heard the Homalin-2 case; next hearing Oct. 8. (WPD 9/27) Party Registration Changes [Format as in previous issues] (17) National Unity Party. New address is: 14(G) Myaytaing Ward, corner of Theinbyu St. and Strand Road, Ward 6, Botahtaung Twp. [Yangon]. New officers are: Ch Tha Kyaw; GS Tun Yi; JGS Than Tin; CEC members Khin Maung Gyi, Chit Hlaing, Saw Kyaw Khin Win, Thura Saw Pru, Sai Aung Tun, Sein Win, Nyein Maung, Htwe Han, Van Kulh, Myint Lwin, Hla Tun, Tha Shim, Thaung Dan, Than Nyunt, Thein Ngwe, Aung Thain, Ohn Kyi, M Sinsar, Ohn Kyaw; Secretaries Tin Latt, Han Shwe, Ba Thein, Sein Aung. (WPD 9/28) (48) Patriotic Democratic Youth Front (Burma). New officers are Ch Myint Naing (Hkun Ye Thway); VCh Thet Zaw (Ba Hein Aung); GS Then Naing Aung (Ba Moe Aung); CEC members Kyaw Kyaw, Aung Myo, Kyi San (Nyo Tun Aung), Win Naing, Tin Soe, Kyaw Moe, Maung Maung, Maung Maung Naing (a) Ko Ko Naing, Daw San San Nwe, Daw Hla Hla Htwe, Daw Than Than Aye, Daw Thinn Thinn Aung. (WPD 9/28) (57) Workers' Unity Organization. CEC member Aung Khin has died. New CEC members are Kyaw Tun, Edward Pyu Aung. (WPD 9/6) New address is corner of Theinbyu St. & Strand Rd., Ward 6, Botahtaung Twp., Yangon. (WPD 9/7) (61) Youth's Solidarity Front (Union of Burma). New address is 2317/17 (lst fl.), corner of Maha Bandoola Park St and Bogyoke Aung San St., Kyauktada Twp., Yangon. (WPD 9/7) (66) Democratic People's League (DPL). New address is 692 Thitsa Rd., ward 6, South Okkalapa Twp., Yangon. (WPD 9/7) (76) People Power Party. Registration cancelled at the request of Party Executive Committee, Sept. 19, 1990. (WPD 9/20) (85) Union Paoh National Organization. New officers are: Patgron Kyaw Thein; Ch Maung Ngwe; VCh Khe, Aung Khin; Sec. Hkun Kyaw Zeya, Hkun Kyaw Swa; CEC members Than Pe, Soe Tint, San Hla, Po Hsaung, Chit Ein, Hkun Thein Pe, Hkun Maung Nge, Hkun Tin Shwe. (WPD 9/28) (89) Free People League of Burma. Patron Myint Htoo has resigned. (WPD 9/6) (98) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Hq). CEC member Thein tun (Awba) has resigned. (WPD 9/28) (167) Union Nationals Democracy Party (UNDP). Tr. Min Din has resigned. (WPD 9/6) (177) Amyothar Party. CEC member Tun Sein Hla (a) Arbu Baw Chaw has resigned. (WPD 9/28) (189) Karen National Congress for Democracy (KNCD). Patron Mrs. Ba Maung Chein; VCh Saw San Dun; Tr. Saw Rosco have resigned. (WPD 9/6) (206) National Politics Front (Youth). JGS Kyaw San has resigned. New officers are JGS Daw Khin Khin Hlaing and CEC member Saw Lim Kham. (WPD 9/6) (233) Democratic Allies' League (DAL). New address is 692 Thitsa Rd., Ward 6, South Okkalapa Twp., Yangon. (WPD 9/7) DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic Calls The following calls were paid on Burmese officials by foreign Embassy or UN officials accredited to Burma. Aug. 31: Korean Ambassador Hang Kyung Kim on Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint. (WPD 9/1) Sept. 3: Soviet Ambassador Sergei Pavlovitch Pavlov on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, and on Minister for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries and for Agriculture & Forests Lt-Gen. Chit Swe. (WPD 9/4) Sept. 5: The Soviet Ambassador on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein. (WPD 9/6) Sept. 6: Belgian Ambassador Baron Olivier Gilles de Pelichy on State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung. Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 9/7) Sept. 7: Israeli Ambassador Ori Noy on Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint, and on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 9/8) Sept. 12: Algerian Ambassador Ahmed Maamar on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, representing State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung. (WPD 9/13) Sept. 17: Laotian Charge d'Affaires Veng Saysana on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun to discuss air transport. (WPD 9/18) Sept. 18: Soviet Ambassador Sergei Pavlovich Pavlov on State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung. Bangladesh Ambassador Mostafa Faruque Mohammed on Attorney General U Tha Tun. (WPD 9/19) Sept. 26: UNDP Officer-in-Charge Gerd Merrem on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 9/27) Sept. 28: American Ambassador Burton Levin on Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin, representing State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung. (WPD 9/29) Ambassador to EEC Sept. 21: Ambassador U Win Aung on Sept. 17 presented his credentials as Head of the Myanmar Mission to the European Economic Community to the Acting President of the European Commissions Claudio Vitalone in Brussels. (WPD 9/21) Indian Ambassador Arrives Sept. 27: Shri Preet Mohan Singh Malik presented credentials to State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung as Indian Ambassador to Myamar. (WPD 9/28) Singapore Ambassador Approved Sept. 28: The Government has approved the nomination of Brig-Gen. Chin Siat Yoon as Singapore Ambassador to Myanmar, replacing Mr. Tan Sang Chye. Brig-Gen. Chin Siat Yoon was born in China Nov. 5, 1949. He received a BS degree from University of Melbourne (Australia), a MS in Logistics Management from Florida Institute of Technology (USA), and a Master of International Public Policy from Johns Hopkins University (USA). He joined the Singapore armed forces in 1972 and served in the Ministry of Defence until 1989. He is married with 3 daughters. (WPD 9/28) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Workshops and Courses Sept. 6: A National Seminar on Teacher Education, sponsored by UNDP and UNESCO, opened with a speech by the Head of UNESCO Asia and Pacific Educational Development Dr. L. de la Cruz. (WPD 9/6) Sept. 10: A 2-day Workshop on Small and Medium Enterprises and Private Sector Development, co-sponsored by the Ministry of Trade and UNDP, opened with 54 participants (19 from [Government] departments and 25 from joint ventures, trade organizations, and private enterprises. (WPD 9/11) Foreign Donations Sept. 28: The M/S R Piyarelall International (P) Ltd. of Calcutta, represented by Mr. Suresh Kumar, donated medical equipment to the Lake View Hospital at 6th Mile, Pyay Road [Yangon]. Joint Venture Corporation 7 Chairman Dr. Khin Maung Tin participated. (WPD 9/29) FOREIGN VISITORS International Agency Missions Sept. 11: Prof. D.V.I. Fairweather of University College, London, called on Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein to discuss obstetrics and gynaecology. (WPD 9/12) Sept. 24: A delegation headed by Executive Director Dr. G. Di Gennaro of the United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) arrived to study anti-narcotics activities in Myanmar. (WPD 9/25) [see also below under Thai Narcotics Delegation.] // Sept. 26: He met with the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control, and toured an exhibition on drug control. (WPD 9/27) // Sept. 27: He left. (WPD 9/28) Sept. 25: Mr. Paul Cook, Senior Adviser of the United Nations Management Development Programme, called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel to discuss project implementation. (WPD 9/26) Business Delegations Sept. 4: Group Director of Development Asia-Pacific P & O Mr. Brian W. Baillie and party, from Australia, called on Minister for Transport & Communications and for Social Welfare and for Labour Lt-Gen. Tin Tun. (WPD 9/5) Sept. 11: Myanma Railways and the Managing Director of Daewoo Corporation signed an amendment to agreement 3/BRC/OECF/(MG)/85-86, DT 6.7.88 for the purchase of 72 passenger and 140 freight cars. (WPD 9/ 12) Japanese Parliamentarian Aug. 31: The Japanese delegation headed by Member of the House of Representatives Mr. Michio Watanabi called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel. (WPD 9/1) // Sept. 1: The delegation left. (WPD 9/2) // Sept. 7: His donation of US$ 5,000 to the Myanmar Red Cross Society was presented to Society President Dr. Hla Nwe by Japanese Ambassador Tomoya Kawamura. (WPD 9/8) Chinese Narcotics Delegation Sept. 1: The Chinese narcotics study delegation headed by Mr. Yuan Yong Yuan visited Mandalay Aug. 29, toured drug treatment facilities and tourist attractions in Mandalay, Lashio, and Bagan, and returned to Yangon Aug. 31. (WPD 9/2) // The delegation departed. (WPD 9/3) Thai Study Delegation Sept. 14: A delegation of students from the Thai Pyschological College, headed by Lt-Gen. Naruedon Dejpradhiyuth arrived, and was later received by Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services and Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Than Shwe. (WPD 9/15) // Sept. 15: The delegation toured Yangon. (WPD 9/16) // Sept. 17: After visiting Bago, the delegation departed. (WPD 9/17) Korean Military Delegation Sept. 24: A 26-member study delegation from the National Defence College of the Republic of Korea, headed by Col. Ryoo Jae Kap arrived Sept. 21. It visited tourist sites in Yangon and Bago, and called on Minister for Planning & Finance and for Trade Brig-Gen. Abel, and on Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Service and Commander-in-Chief (Army) Gen. Than Shwe. It departed Sept. 24. (WPD 9/24) Thai Narcotics Delegation Sept. 25: A Thai delegation headed by Police Lt-Gen. Chavalit Yodmani, Secretary of the Office of the Narcotics Control Board, Thailand, arrived with UNFDAC Executive Director Dr. G. Di Gennaro [see above under International Agency Visits]. The two called on Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint, who is Chairman of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control. Lt-Gen. Chavalit Yodmani also called on State LORC Secretary (1) Maj-Gen. Khin Nyunt. (WPD 9/26) // Sept. 26: The delegation met with a Myanmar Delegation headed by Foreign Ministry Political Director-General U Ohn Gyaw on Sept. 25-26. (WPD 9/27) // Sept. 27: The delegation left. (WPD 9/28) MYANMAR DELEGATIONS Study Delegations Sept. 1: Daw Khin Thein Mya of the Immigration and Manpower Department, Ministry of Religious & Home Affairs, left to attend a nine-month population training course in The Hague, Netherlands, sponsored by the UN Fund for Population Activities. (WPD 9/2) Sept. 1: Thirteen staff headed by Daw Wai Wai Yee from Myanma Heavy Industries left for training in production of television sets, radios, cassettes and refrigerators in Korea, sponsored by Daewoo Electronics Myanmar Co. Ltd. (WPD 9/2) Sept. 3: Dr. Than Swe, Director of Medical Research Department, Ministry of Health, left Sept. 1 to attend Advanced Techniques in AIDS & HIV Infection, in Thailand the the US, under WHO auspices. (WPD 9/4) Sept. 3: Daw Ahmar Kyu, instructor at Technical High School No. 1 left Sept. 1 to attend a 4-month course on Electrical Control Engineering, and Principal U Kyaw Win Than of the Technical High School, Mawlamyine, left Sept. 1 to attend a 1-year course in School Management and School Administration for the Field of Vocational Training, both in West Germany under FRG grants. (WPD 9/4) Sept. 10: Daw Nwe Nwe Htin, assistant lecturer at the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Pyinmanaa, left for Indonesia Sept. 8 to attend a 3-month Fourth International Course on Poultry Husbandry in Indonesia under an Indonesian grant. (WPD 9/11) Sept. 10: Daw Khin Aye Myint, lecturer of the Institute of Education, left to attend an 8-week 18th International Methodology Training Course in Malaysia, under a Malaysian Government grant. (WPD 9/11) Sept. 12: A writers delegation headed by U Myo Thant (Maung Hsu Shin), Director of the Sarpay Beikman Board and Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the Writers and Journalist Organization left on a two-week cultural trip to China. Other members are U Tin Htwe (Tin Htwe), Director (Admin) of the News and Periodicals Enterprise; Daw Yin Yin (Saw Mon Hnyin), member of the Myanmar Language Commission Department; U Kyaw Aung (Kyaw Aung), Chief Editor (retired) of the Universities Translation and Publications, Higher Education Department; and U Ye Tint (Ye Tint), Chief Editor of Kyemon Daily. (WPD 9/13) // Sept. 26: The delegation returned. (WPD 9/27) Delegations to Meetings Sept. 25: At the 43rd Session of the South-East Asia Regional Committee of the World Health Organization, held in New Delhi on Sept. 18, Dr. U Ko Ko of Myanmar was unanimously re-elected for a third term as Regional Director, beginning in 1991. Myanmar was represented at the session by Director General Dr. U Tin Oo and Deputy Director (Foreign Relations) Dr. Kan Tun of the Department of Health. (WPD 9/26) Sept. 28: The leader of the Myanmar delegation to the 45th United Nations General Assembly, Foreign Ministry Political Director-General U Ohn Gyaw, left for New York. Other members of the delegation from the Foreign Ministry, Director-General U Ba Thwin, Deputy Director-General U Pe Thein Tin, Directors U Tun Ngwe and U Kyaw Tint Swe, Deputy Directors U Tin Maung Aye and U Nyan Lyan, Division Deputy Head Daw Hla Myo Nwe, and Head of Branch Daw Ei Ei Khin Aye, had left on Sept. 13. (WPD 9/29) Delegations Return Aug 31: The 8-member delegation to Singapore headed by SLORC Office Director-General U Kyaw Aye returned by Tradewinds aircraft. (WPD 9/1) Sept. 3: Deputy Director of the Foreign Ministry U Aung Bwa returned from the Preparatory Meeting of the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Nairobi, Aug. 6-31. (WPD 9/4) Sept. 11: Attorney General U Tha Tun;s delegation returned from the second Conference of the Attorneys-General of the Asia-Pacific Region held in Korea, Sept. 2-6. (WPD 9/12) Myanmar Workers Abroad Sept. 7: Ten carpenters from the Public Works left for Singapore to work for the CDC Construction Company. CDC has hired 31 carpenters from Public Works under a two-year contract. Five had left for Singapore on Aug. 24, and the remaining 16 will leave soon. The Company plans to hire another 120 construction workers this month. (WPD 9/9) Cultural Delegation to China Sept. 26: A 46-member cultural delegation headed by Diretor-General U Tin Htoo of the Fine Arts Department left for two-weeks of performances in China. (WPD 9/27) MYANMAR GAZETTE Probationary Appointments The SLORC made the following appointments, on probation: Sept. 12: Lt-Col. Tin Tun (BC/ 10376) to be Principal, Central Institute of Public Services. U Nyunt Maung, Director, Myanma Farms Enterprise, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests, to be Managing Director, Myanma Farms Enterprise. (WPD 9/13) Appointments Confirmed The SLORC confirmed the following appointments after one-year's probation: Sept. 26: U Tin Oo as Managing Director, Myanma Agricultural and Rural Development Bank, Ministry of Planning & Finance. U Tin Pe as Director-General, Basic Education Department, Ministry of Education. (WPD 9/27) GOVERNMENT Archive and Mawgun Law Sept. 13: State LORC Law No. 18/90 of Sept. 13, 1990, the National Archive and Mawgun Law, provides for conservation of government records and for records classified as mawguns, defined as as "a record... which warrants permanent preservation...as it contains supporting evidence and particulars relating to history, cultural heritage, State Administration etc., of Myanmar." [Full text in WPD] Principal points include: -- A 5-15 member National Archives and Mawgun Supervisory Body, with Chairman and Secretary, will be named by the Government to examine records, identify and preserve mawguns, acquire foreign and domestic records by purchase and otherwise, provide security classifications, control access to and distribution of records, direct destruction of unneeded records, etc. -- Security Classifications for mawguns are: -Strictly Confidential (kept classified indefinitely) -Confidential (50 years) -Private (30 years) -Restricted (25 years). -- The Minister in charge of the Department of National Archives decides on taking mawguns abroad, access to Strictly Confidential mawguns, etc. -- The Director General of the Department of National Archives decides on requests for copies of records or mawguns, access to unclassified records or mawguns and those whose classification has expired, etc. He is in charge of training, public education on records preservation, and communication with international archival organizations. -- It is unlawful to destroy or alter mawguns; study and copy classified mawguns without authorization; remove any mawgun from the Department without authorization; or take any mawgun abroad without approval; on penalty of 5 years imprisonment and/or a fine up to K 10,000. -- The law does not apply to the Defence Services Historical Research Institution [DSHRI], except that the Archives may accept DSHRI documents and may give copies of documents to DSHRI. -- "A copy of any book or pamphlet printed or published by any Government department or any other organization or any individual shall be sent to the Department in the manner prescribed." (WPD 9/14) Advocates Council Member Sept. 14: The Advocates Council Notification No. 2/90 of Sept. 14, names Advocate U Khin Maung (Mandalay) as a member of the Council. (WPD 9/15) Good Conduct Medals Sept. 18: The SLORC announced the names of 119 recipients (incl. 16 retired) of the PPF [People's Police Force] Good Service Medal, under Notification No. 40/90, and of 4,194 recipients (incl. 254 retired) of the [Service Personnel] Good Service Medal, under Notification No. 41/90. [names not published] (WPD 9/18) Myanmar Accountancy Council Sept. 19: State LORC Notification No. 42/90 of Sept. 19 establishes the Myanmar Accountancy Council under Sect. 3 of the Burma Accountancy Law (1972), as follows: Chairman: U Khin Zaw, Auditor-General. Members (12): U Maung Maung Han (Chairman, Central Bank of Myanmar); Dr. Khin Maung Nyunt (Rector, Inst. of Economics); U Soe Thwin (Director-General, Foreign Economic Relations Dept.); Daw Khin Than Tin (Director-General, Auditor-General's Office); U Myint Aung (General Manager, Myanma Timber Enterprise); U Kyaw Zaw (General Manager, Myanma Five Star Line); U Kyaw Hlaing (Dep. Director-General, Budget Dept.); U Khin Maung Oo (Dep. Director-General, Trade Dept.); U Kyee Myint (Director (Finance), Myanma Ceramic Industries); U William Paw (Retd. Professor, Inst. of Economics); U Tin Tun (Retd. Director (Finance), Myanma Electric Power Enterprise); U Tin Htut (Retd. Professor, Inst. of Economics); U Hla Tun (Registered Accountant, Financial Consultant); U Win Thin (Registered Accountant). (WPD 9/20) MILITARY Insurgent Attacks Sept. 2: KNU insurgents on Aug. 30 stopped 3 small buses, en route from Kawkareik to Myawady, near Kyaukkaba village and seized K 400,000 and other property, with which they fled when intercepted by the Tatmadaw. (WPD 9/3) Sept. 5: Villagers in Aungmye Village (Waingmaw Twp., Kachin) on Aug. 28 killed a KIA sergeant who regularly extorted money from them, and turned his carbine over to the Tatmadaw. (WPD 9/5) Sept. 8: KNU insurgents entered Htanyet village, Myeik [Mergui] Twp. [Tanintharyi] on Aug. 30 and looted the co-operative shop. (WPD 9/9) Sept. 9: The Myitkyina-Naba train was mined this morning by KIA insurgents at milepost 709/2 between Pyidaung and Mayan stations, as was a railway engine between mileposts 708/20 and 708/21 carrying officials to the site of the first incident. No one was injured. (WPD 9/10) Sept. 18: KNU insurgents on Sept. 15 tried to stop a truck between Kawkareik and Myawaddy; the truck escaped but five passengers were wounded. (WPD 9/19) Sept. 20: Twelve KNU insurgents on Sept. 18 attacked passengers in a car travelling from Hpa-an to Kawkareik, between Thayargon and Weikayin villages. The driver and 2 passengers were wounded, and K 60,000 of property stolen. (WPD 9/21) Military Narcotics Seizures Sept. 5: A Tatmadaw column seized 3 viss of raw opium left by PSLA insurgents in Panjawt village, Namtu Twp., on Aug. 22. Another seized 1 viss of opium left by KIA insurgents in Pantaung village, Kutkai Twp., on Aug. 28. (WPD 9/6) Insurgents Surrender Sept. 7: 12 KIA insurgents surrendered, with their weapons, Aug. 12, 20, and 31. Ten of them begged forgiveness on Aug. 30 in Bhamo, before a crowd of 2,000, claiming to have been recruited by force. They were given "gifts and cash awards" by Bhamo LORC Chairman Lt-Col. Tin Ngwe. (WPD 9/9) Sept. 14: Between Aug. 1-19, 12 insurgents surrendered, with their weapons. [names and details] (WPD 9/ 16) Sept. 15: Between Aug. 20-31, 9 insurgents surrendered, with their weapons. [names and details] (WPD 9/ 16) ECONOMIC Economic Articles Sept. 1-2,9-11: SLORC's economic endeavours paving the way with flowers, by Duwun Kyai. [Cont. (40) Joint Ventures. Table of the 9 Public Joint-Ventures (Authorized capital in kyats. Myanmar government participants. Percent of ownership. Purpose) The remainder of the capital may be subscribed by the public.: [The Union of Myanmar Joint-Venture Corporation No. 1 Ltd.: 50,000,000. Myanmar Agricultural Produce Trading [MAPT]/ General Merchandise Trading [GMT]/ Myanma Department Stores. 50% General Trading. [No. 2: 100,000,000. MAPT. 50%. Paddy, rice and rice products trading. [No. 3: 100,000,000. Stationery, Printing and Photographic Stores Trading/ Inspection and Agency Services [IAS]/ Myanma Export & Import Services [MEIS]. 55%. Trading on papers, Printed matters, Photographic stores, Printing, Binding and related activities. [No. 4: 100,000,000. MAPT. 50%. Agricultural products other than rice and paddy trading. [No. 5: 50,000,000. Medicine and Medical Equipment Trading [MMET]/ Construction and Electrical Stores Trading/ IAS. 50%. Construction Works; Production and marketing of Construction materials. [No. 6: 500,000,000. GMT/ Restaurant and Beverage Enterprise/ MMET. 50% Fish, shrimp & other marine products breeding and trading. [No. 7: 500,000,000. MMET/ MEIS. 40%. (Note: 35% of total equity may be in foreign exchange or in kind). Modern hospitals & clinics, Medicines & medical equipment manufacturing and trading. [The Northern Shan State Joint-Venture Corporation Limited. 100,000,000. GMT. 50%. General Merchandise Trading, general merchandise export/import commission agencies and agricultural production. [The Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited. 10,000,000,000. Directorate of Procurement, Ministry of Defence. 40% Forming and supervising affiliated and subsidiary companies in various areas. [(41) Myanmar economic policy reviewed. (42) Import rules. (43) Foreign investment and partnerships. (44) Joint ventures.] Sept. 3-5,7-8,13,17,19: SLORC's construction activities paving the way with flowers, by Kyattika Kyai. [Parks and Roads. (1) Gardens, streets, and parks constructed or repaired in Yangon. (2-4) People's Square and People's Park. (5-6) Theingottara Sacred Garden. (7-8)) Memorial to Fallen Heroes erected by SLORC, Mar. 27, 1990.] Sept. 6,14,16: Kengtung and the Nawngton Lake, by Ye Myint Pe. [(1) Visit to Kengtung. (2) Construction projects. (3) Wut Suam Hkam and Maha Myatmuni Pagodas.] Sept. 20,28: Myanmar paddy, to be produced more for domestic and foreign markets, by Maung Maung Tun. [(1) Review of Myanmar rice production in past, with periods continued improvement from 1880-1910 and 1977-83, both extensively and intensively. (2) Table of Myanmar paddy output from 1920 to 1990. Latest figures {1989-90} were: cultivated acres 12,038,000; successful area 11,675,000; yield [per acre] 56.57 baskets; output 66,050,000 baskets or 13,760,000 metric tons.] Sept. 23-24,26: To ensure secure and smooth transportation, by Min Kyaw Min. [(1) "Better roads and vehicles": Survey of road transport; expansion of bus service in Yangon. (2) "Turning more wheels with the money available": Bus service. (3) "Helping boost socio-economic development": Long-distance buses.] Joint Ventures Aug. 31: Ministry of Trade Notification No. 21/90 of Aug. 31 establishes the Myanmar Leading Logistics Limited, a private joint venture with authorized capital of K 50,000,000, divided into 5,000 shares of K 10,000, of which 2,550 shares will be subscribed in kyat by The Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd., Mawgundaik St., Dagon Post Office, Yangon, and 2,450 shares in US dollars or in kind by SKS Marketing (Pte) Limited, Unit 02-02 STA Building, No. 5 Berdum St., Singapore, represented by Director Mr. Lek Eng Khiang, "to carry on the business of looking after the logistics requirements of oil and oil related companies, etc." (WPD 9/2) Sept. 15: Joint Venture Corp. No. 2 opened its building at the corner of Lanthit St. and Strand Rd., Yangon, presided over by Chairman U Chon Sein. The building, begun Nov. 1989, cost K 16.6 million and is 160'x 100' with four storeys. The ground floor will "serve as showrooms for domestic and foreign companies." (WPD 9/16) // Sept. 29: JVC-2 held its annual meeting; 20% of its profits will be divided among shareholders. (WPD 9/30) Sept. 20: An agreement to establish Myanmar Natsteel Hardware Centre Ltd. was signed by the Construction and Electrical Stores Trading of the Ministry of Trade, and by Natsteel Trade International Pte. Ltd. of Singapore, represented by General Manager Mr. Chiang See Poh. It will produce and sell construction materials such as iron rods, iron bands, zinc pipes, zinc sheets and wire mesh. (WPD 9/21) Sept. 25: Myanmar-Singapore International Ltd., which is "jointly sponsored by SKS Marketing Pte Ltd from Singapore and the Construction and Electrical Stores Trading and the Stationery, Printing and Photographic Stores Trading under the Ministry of Trade," celebrated its first anniversary. The company has sold K 56 million of goods and made K 18 million profits. To celebrate, it presented US$ 17,320.65 worth of musical instruments to the Defence Services General Hospital; K 100,000 to the Hninzigon Home for the Aged; K 100,000 to the Jivitadana Sangha Hospital; and K 100,000 to the Home for the Aged "run by the nuns in Kandawgale." (WPD 9/26) Entrepreneur Workshops Sept. 4: Workshop on Trade Matters for Private Entrepreneurs No. 8/90 opened, attended by 90 entrepreneurs. It will last until Oct. 5. (WPD 9/5) Sept. 19: A workshop on the role of the private sector in importing, selling and distribution of fertilizer and insecticide, sponsored by the Myanma Agricultural Service, was held. (WPD 9/22) Sept. 29: The Director-General of Customs met with members of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and merchants engaged in the border trade to "explain the customs duties and the collection of customs duties on border trade business...[and the need for] the co-operation of all concerned...for solving the difficulties being faced by merchants and rumours to the effect that the prices of commodities have gone up due to the increase in collection of customs duties on border trade business...." (WPD 9/30) Imports Sept. 6: The MV Inwa arrived Sept. 3 with 4,183 tons of palm oil from Malaysia; and 1,127 tons of palm oil and 121 tons of general stores from Singapore for private entrepreneurs. The MV Sagaing arrived Sept. 5 with 61 tons of helicopter and spare parts for Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise and 2,456 tons of general stores from South Korea; and 1,100 tons of machinery for Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise, 232 motorcycles, 226 tons of "DC power container" for Myanma Post & Telecommunications, 2 road rollers for Myanma Port Authority, 67 Land Cruisers for Vehicles, Machinery and Equipment Trading, 47 buses (incl. 11 for Min. of Agriculture & Forests, 16 for Myanma Timber Enterprise, 17 for Yangon), "a vessel" for Ministry of Livestock Breeding & Fisheries, and 3,839 tons of general stores for private importers, from Japan. (WPD 9/7) Sept. 16: 25 tons of water supply machinery, etc. for Yangon, ordered from the Degremont Company of France, arrived by a chartered Aeroflot Ilyushin jet. (WPD 9/17) Sept. 18: The MV Myeik arrived with 5,891 tons of cargo, including 4,725 tons of tar for Yangon streets, 552 tons of wire mesh for Public Works, 106 tons of fuel oil for Myanma Timber Enterprise and Myanma Railways, 155 tons of general merchandise and 7 containers for Government Enterprises, and 200 tons of palm oil for private entrepreneurs. (WPD 9/19) Record-breaking Sapphires Sept. 6: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung inspected a 979-carat star sapphire, and other gems, from the Yadana Gaday-gada Mining Camp in Mogok, run by the Myanma Gems Enterprise. The star sapphire [photo] is deep sky-blue and nearly flawless, and when cut will outweigh the 563-carat "Star of India" at New York's Natural History Museum. (WPD 9/7) Sept. 26: State LORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung inspected a 1,383-carat sapphire from the Yadana Gadaygadar Mining Camp. It is blueish gray and flawless. Rubies of 76, 6.2, 6.1, and 2.6 carats have also been extracted from this camp. "Moreover, it is learnt that sapphire kyet-su and sapphire bon-to are being extracted." In addition, a 1,006-carat raw ruby and an 86-carat raw ruby have been extracted from the Dattaw Tract under joint venture projects. [photos] (WPD 9/27; more photos 9/28) Electric Power Projects Sept. 14: The Special Projects Implementation Committee, chaired by SLORC Vice-Chairman Gen. Than Shwe, met to review "hydel power and energy projects." Power generated has grown from 840 million "power units" in 1976-77 to 1,489 million in 1989-90, for an annual increase of about 10%. Myanma Electric Power Enterprise [MEPE] supplies power in two ways: 621 megawatts high tension and 186 megawatts. Installed capacity the high tension line system is 621.46 megawatts, to increase to 721.46 MW in 1992-94, with the coming on line of the Biluchaung HydroElectric Power Project No. 1 in 1992 (28 MW) and the Mann Thermal Generation Project in 1993 (72 MW). Firm capacity will then be about 562.91 MW. More capacity will be needed later. Later projects planned include: Saing Din hydroelectric project, Buthidaung Twp. (Rakhine) (15.0 MW) ÄÄWill serve 10 northern Rakhine State townships, rather than providing 76.5 MW of industrial power as originally anticipated in 1956. Cost will be K 335 million (including US$ 32 million); Paunglaung Hydel Power Project, Pyinmanaa Twp. (Mandalay) (280 MW) ÄÄCost will be K 4,250 million (incl. US$ 410 million) for power, and K 135 million (incl. US$ 14 million) for irrigation of 40,000 acres; Bilin Hydel Power Project (Mon) (240 MW)ÄÄCost will be K 2,590 million (incl. US$ 245 million); Kun Hydel Power Project, Pyu Twp. (Bago) (84 MW)ÄÄCost will be K 1,110 million (incl. US$ 100 million); Ye-nwe Multipurpose Dam Project, Kyauktada Twp. (Bago) (16.2 MW and irrigation of 40,000 acres). There are 151 potential hydroelectric sites in Myanmar. [Maps] (WPD 9/15) Gas Source Found Sept. 16: Minister for Energy and for Mines Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin and State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo visited No. 96 oil well at Pyay mountain range oilfield in Shwedaung Twp., where natural gas with "good potential" has been struck. Appraisal wells will be dug to assess the potential. (WPD 9/17) Farm Export Prices Sept. 18: The following were the actual export market prices during Aug. 1990, FOB in US$ per metric ton, all Fair Average Quality (FAQ) 1990 crop: Pulses and Beans Butter Beans $ 420 Pedesein 257 Pedesein 260 Toorwhole 342 Black Eyed Beans (White pelun)350 (WPD 9/18) Rainfall in Yangon Rainfall since January 1, 1990, in inches, at Yangon's three weather stations of Yangon Airport (YA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Yangon (CY) was: As of YA KA CY September 1 93.39 87.20 99.17 September 15 101.65 95.39 107.72 September 30 107.52 101.93 114.96 HEALTH AIDS Workshop Sept. 4: A 2-day Workshop on Group Counselling, Family Counselling and Living with HIV-Positive Cases in an Institution, cosponsored by the Social Welfare Department and UNFDAC opened, in the presence of UNFDAC Deputy Director Mr. Ketil Bentzen (Norway) and Advisor Mr. Rolf M. Borgos. (WPD 9/5) SPORTS Myanmar Sports Delegations Sept. 1: The delegation visiting Yunnan Province, China, returned. (WPD 9/2) Sept. 5: Dr. Mya Lay Sein and Daw Yi Yi Win of the Sports and Physical Education Department discussed the Conference on the Role of Women in Sports they attended in Chiangmai, Thailand. (WPD 9/6) Asian Games Sept. 4: Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw, President of the Myanmar Olympic Committee, gave advice to athletes who will attend the 11th Asian Games in Beijing Sept. 22-Nov. 7. (WPD 9/5) Sept. 17: Minister for Health and for Education Col. Pe Thein told the athletes "I wish to see the State Flag and hear the National Anthem played time and again at the Asian Games and for you to bring back as many gold medals as you can." (WPD 9/18) Sept. 19: Minister for Construction and for Co-operatives Lt-Gen. Aung Ye Kyaw, who is President of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan Olympic Committee, left for Beijing to attend the Asian Games. He was accompanied by the Committee Secretary, U Kyaw Mra, and by PSO to the Minister. Capt. Kyaw Htoo. The 57 member Myanmar sports contingent also left: Officials: Olympic Committee Joint Secretary U Khin Maung; medical officers Dr. Pe Thaung Myint and Dr. Mya Lay Sein; Security team Lt-Col. Tin Win and Capt. Zaw Tun. Track and Field: Manager, Federation President U Aye Ko Ko; coach U Kyaw Khin; athletes Tun Win Thein, Tun Tin, Khin Khin Htwe, Ma Kyin Lwan, Ma Hla Shwe, and Aye Aye Nwe. Boxing: Manager, Federation President U Maung Aung; coach U San Myint; boxers Win Kyi, Ron Mann, Kyi Win, Thaung Tun, and Soe Soe. Golf: Manager, Federation Secretary Lt-Col. Maung Maung Lay (Air); coach U Thet Wai; golfers Myint Thaung, Nay Win Myint, Soe Myint Lay, and Thein Pe. Judo: Manager, Federation President Thura U Myint Shwe; coach U Ba Htein; judokas Sithu Zaw, Kyaw Nyunt, Than Maung, Kyi Kyi Wai, Hla Hla Myint, Phyu Phyu Thang, and Thanda Sit Naing. Volleyball: Manager, Federation Chairman U Thaung Wai; coach U Soe Thein; umpire U Kan Nyunt; players Nyi Nyi Lwin, Than Tun Oo, Tun Ngwe, Khin Maung Than, Aung Myint Oo, Htay Aung, Soe Min Naing, Aung Kyaw Soe, Aung Kyaw Oo, Win Zaw Oo, Zaw Lin Hlaing, and Kyin Maung. Weightlifting: Manager, Federation Secretary U Myo Nyunt; coach U Hla Win; weightlifters Kyaw Thet, San San Nu (also in track and field), Phyu Phyu Thi, and Naw Bwe Htoo. This is the first international appearance of Myanmar women weightlifters. (WPD 9/20) Sept. 24: Saudi Arabia on Sept. 23 defeated Myanmar in men's volleyball (15-8, 15-12, 15-9). (WPD 9/25) Sept. 26: "A Myanmar soldier's daughter [Khin Khin Htwe, victor in the 1,500 meter race Asian Championships in New Delhi last year] heads the challenge of the underdog nations at the Asian Games, pitting her frail frame against the region's super powers." (WPD 9/27) Sept. 27: In men's volleyball, China beat Myanmar 15-8, 15-1, 15-6. In men's golf Myanmar's Myint Thaung came in last with 224 (winning score Philippines with 212). In men's team golf Myanmar came in last with 672 (winning score Japan with 655). (WPD 9/28) Sept. 29: Thandar Sit Nyaing won the bronze medal in women's middleweight judo. In the 20 kilometer walk, Tun Tin was disqualified. (WPD 9/30) Olympic Football Course Sept. 12: The Olympic Solidarity Football Coaching Course, conducted by Director Mr. Claude Leroy of the Federation International de Football Associations, attended from Sept. 4-12 by 22 Township sports officers, 8 coaches, and 20 observers, concluded. (WPD 9/13) Myanmar Teams Abroad Sept. 21: Kyi Hla Han took the lead with a 6 under-par on Sept. 20 in the 150,000 riggit (US$ 55,565) Perak Masters Golf Tournament. Also playing is Zaw Moe. (WPD 9/22) CULTURAL Literary Articles Sept. 2,9,16,23,30: Myanmar Proverbs, by Dr. U Hla Pe. [Cont. (72-76)] Sept. 2,9,16,23,30: Short Stories. [(1) "Truth and Fiction" by Pe Than. (2-4) "Gambhi's head" by Htin Lin. (3) "Love as one's dear life" by Pe Than. (5) "One evening" by Htin Lin. (5) "Bad luck charms" by Khin Aung Tin.] Sept. 2,9,16,23,30: Poems on ancient Bagan, by Zawgyi, in Myanmar and English. [Cont. (12 2 pts.) "Grandfather and grandchild in Bagan". (13 3 pts.) "Son's love and father's joy."] Sept. 2,9,16,23,30: 20th Century Myanmar Poets & Poems, by Htila Sitthu. [Cont. (45-48) Poet Budalin Chit Lay: His life & times. (49) Budalin Chit Lay: Mya Kyemon Poems.] Sept. 2,9,16,23,30: Foundations of Myanmar Culture. Myanmar Literature & the ten major Jatakas, by Hnaphet Hla. [Cont. The Temiya Jataka or Ten Major Jatakas. (7-11)] Historical & Cultural Articles Sept. 2,9: Bronze culture and tradition in Myanmar, by Aung Thaw. (1) Prehistoric and Pyu [including the five Pyu bronze figurines of musicians returned to Burma in 1984. (2) Bagan bronzes.] Sept. 23: Old Myanmar Paintings, by Tint Lwin. [(English translation of booklet published in 1967) Cont. (7) Bagan period pagoda paintings.] Education Exams Sept. 1: Results of the Basic Education High School Examination (BEHS) held in March 1990 have been released. (WPD 9/2) Sept. 7: Minister for Health and for Education and Chief Commanding Officer of the University Training Corps Col. Pe Thein told a Co-ordination meeting of State/Division Education Officers that successful passing of the BEMS [middle school] exam rose from 55.84% in 1988 to 70.98% in 1990. Passing of the BEHS exam rose from 23.92% in 1988 to 31.39% in 1990. In this year's BEHS exams, 15,170 students gained distinctions, and 76 gained six distinctions. (WPD 9/8) Sept. 10: Applications to take the 1991 Basic Education Middle School Examination (BEMS) must be received between Sept. 20-Oct. 22, 1990. The exam fee is K 10. (WPD 9/11) Sept. 20: Applications to take the 1991 Basic Education High School Examination (BEHS) must be received between Oct. 1-31, 1990. The application forms cost K 1 and the exam fee is K 15. (WPD 9/21) Religious Friendship Ceremony Sept. 1: The Myanmar Muslim National Affairs Organization, represented by President U Hla Myint, held a "ceremony for strengthening friendship among different religions," at Yangon's Inya Lake Hotel. Participating were government, military, and SLORC officials, Buddhist representative U Kyaw Sein, Christian representative U Dodo Wa, Hindu representative U Ba Thi, and Muslim representative Saya Chai. Speeches were also given by Religious Department Director-General U Arnt Maung and Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt. (WPD 9/2) Appeal for Maha Myatmuni Pagoda Sept. 3, etc.: "Donations wanted for Kyauktaw Maha Myatmuni. The general renovation work of Maha Myatmuni Pagoda in Kyauktaw Township, Rakhine State, is beginning and donors throughout the country are notified so that they may not miss the chance of gaining merit." Donors are asked to contact the Pagoda Trustees, or LORC, in Rakhine State, or the Religious Affairs Dept. in Yangon. (WPD 9/3 and many others). [There were frequent news items on other donations for and inspections of pagoda restorations around the country. For example, on Sept. 21 it was stated that a total of "K 47,616,322 have been received for the construction of the Maha Wizaya Zedi {a project generally associated with U Ne Win--HCMacD.} and Sasanika buildings as of today." (WPD 9/23) Appeals have been made for specific pagoda projects, notably the Kyauktaw Maha Myatmuni Pagoda in Kyauktaw {Rakhine}; the Danoke Pagoda in Rakhinegyaung Station, Twantay Twp. {Yangon}; and the Zwegabin Hsandawshin Pagoda in Hpa-an {Kayin}.] Ancient Gold Bowl Found Sept. 24: An ancient gold bowl was found Sept. 1 50 yards west of Pakhangyi moat in Yesagyo Twp. [Magway]. The Bowl weighs 7 ticals, and was made of 23 carat gold, and "although...[it] has been disfigured it is a rare ancient artifact." Ancient Pakhangyi was built in 667 ME. The finder, Daw Khin Wet, will be compensated. (WPD 9/25) MISCELLANEOUS Crime News Names and addresses of culprits generally included. Aug. 31: Yangon Railway Police on Aug. 18 seized 6.5 viss of marijuana arresting two men. The Kemmendine Twp. [Yangon] narcotics squad on Aug. 27 raided a house, seized 7 grammes of opium and 120 ml of comethazin and arrested one man. (WPD 9/1) Sept. 1: Kyaukkyi Twp. police [Bago] seized 4.9 kilos of marijuana in Katkyaysein village, arresting a woman. The Yangon narcotics squad on Aug. 22 seized 178 grams of heroin in Mingala Taungnyunt Twp., arresting a woman. (WPD 9/2) Sept. 3: The Mandalay drug squad on Aug. 21 seized .3 kilos of heroin and arrested a man. (WPD 9/5) Sept. 5: Yangon police are searching for the murderer of U Tin Win, Branch Clerk of the Myuanmar News Agency (External), found dead Sept. 2 in a pond in Thingangyunn Twp. Yangon police on Aug. 22 seized a female "snatch and run thief." Over K 160,000 in gold was recovered. (WPD 9/6) Sept. 7: Yangon police rounded up three burglars on Aug. 4, together with K 150,000 of stolen property and burglars tools. (WPD 9/9) Sept. 10: Action has been taken against 22 bus crews on Line No. 53 (Mingaladon route) for taking petrol for 234 trips when they only made 113 trips. (WPD 9/11) // Sept. 28: In addition, the All Private Bus-lines Control Committee (APBCC) has withdrawn the professional licenses of 23 drivers and 17 fare-collectors "for similar offences." (WPD Editorial 9/28) Sept. 12: A man who "enticed two young girls [15 and 19] with plans to send them abroad illegally" was arrested Sept. 5 on arrival at Tachilek by Myanmar Airways from Heho. The Lashio Twp. drug squad on Aug. 22 seized .654 kilos of brandless heroin from two women arriving in Lashio from Kutkai. The Monywa Twp. drug squad on Aug. 29 seized .592 kilos of heroin from a woman in Thanla Ward. (WPD 9/13) Sept. 13: The Kale Twp. drug squad on Aug. 31 seized 1.633 kilos of raw opium in Thayargon Village. (WPD 9/14) Sept. 14: The Mandalay drug squad seized 4 kilos of heroin on Sept. 11 and 4.116 kilos on Sept. 12, with a total street value of K 2.4 million. 3 persons were arrested. (WPD 9/15) Sept. 15: The Kale Twp. drug squad on Aug. 4 seized .3 kilos of heroin in Kaleymyo, arresting one man. Pyu police on Aug. 27 seized 7.8 kilos of marijuana, and 4.9 kilos on July 24, arresting three men. (WPD 9/16) Sept. 16: The Lashio Twp. drug squad on Aug. 30 seized 3 kilos of Chinthe Hnitkaung Kabalon brand heroin, and .329 kilos on Sept. 10. Three persons were arrested. (WPD 9/17) Sept. 17: Five members of a 6-member gang were rounded up after robbing two pedestrians at knifepoint in Hline Twp. [Yangon] on Aug. 28. The Mawlamyine drug squad on Aug. 25 seized 10 kilos of marijuana, and is prosecuting 3 people. (WPD 9/18) Sept. 18: The Monywa drug squad on Sept. 12 seized 3 kilos of raw opium and arrested two women. (WPD 9/19) Sept. 19: The Anti-narcotics task force in Lashio on Sept. 16 seized 14 kilos of heroin with a street value of K 4.2 million, and arrested one man. Between July 1-Sept. 16, the Lashio task force has taken action in 28 heroin cases (28.5 kilos); 19 opium cases (22 kilos); 5 cases of failure to register for treatment; 4 jade cases (4 jade stones); 42 jade bracelets (1 viss 77 ticals); and took action against 72 persons. The total value of drugs seized was K 10 million. (WPD 9/20) Sept. 20: Seikkan Twp. [Yangon] police have arrested five thieves who stole 180 gallons of diesel oil from a Myanma Petroleum Products Enterprise oil barge on Sept. 12. (WPD 9/21) Sept. 21: The drug squad seized 8 kilos of marijuana in North Okkalapa on Sept. 19. In Insein on Sept. 16, police seized a "bogus monk and a sham nun" who had begged for alms. (WPD 9/22) Sept. 22: Pekon Twp. [Shan] police seized 7 kilos of raw opium near the Zaydan Ward jetty; a man from Yawnghwe was arrested. The Lashio drug squad on Sept. 6 seized .3 kilos of heroin from a car arriving from Kutkai; a woman was arrested. (WPD 9/ 23) Sept. 25: Security units at Hpaweng Station, Mongpaw Village-tract, Muse Twp. [Shan] on Sept. 21 seized 1.2 kilos of heroin from a vehicle coming from Mongkoe. The driver has been charged. (WPD 9/28) Sept. 26: Railway police in Pyu on Sept. 25 seized 7.7 kilos of marijuana at the railway platform, and arrested a couple. (WPD 9/27) Sept. 27: Yangon police on Sept. 25 seized two pickpockets, along with US$980, a camera, and other items stolen at a busstop from a woman's sling bag. (WPD 9/28) Sept. 29: On Sept. 27 Yangon Airport personnel seized K 300,000 of jewellery and gems about to be smuggled out of the country by Mya Hla Hla Thein, "a Chinese woman who is a Myanmar citizen," after X-raying her baggage. She was en route to join her husband, U Myint Tun, a tour guide in Hong Kong and Macao. "Supervisor U Sein Maung of the Flight Operations Department, Myanma Airways, and U Thein Aung, a volunteer with the Customs Section, were found to have aided and abetted the illegal act on being bribed." (WPD 9/30) Obituaries [English language obituaries only; there are periodic obituary notices in Burmese as well.] No date of death given: Padana Nayaka Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita Bhaddanta Kaweindabhivamsa Maha Thera of Maha Theindawgyi Pariyatti Sarthintaik in Pabedan Twp., Yangon, was given last rites Sept. 26 in the presence of Minister for Home & Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt-Gen. Phone Myint, State LORC Secretary (2) Maj-Gen. Tin Oo, and Yangon Commander Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt. [photo] (WPD 9/27) Sept. 2: Miss Daphne Blake, (Special Nurse, Y.G.H.) died in Yangon, aged 67. [Baptist] (WPD 9/4) Sept. 3: Vincent Walter Grant (a) U Nyan Moe, husband of Bertha (Daw Mya Than), died in Yangon, aged 53. [Catholic]. (WPD 9/4) Sept. 8: Naiki Devi (Mandalay), relict of Pitamber Prasad, died in Mandalay, aged 67. (WPD 9/11) Sept. 15: Daw Khin Mya Mya (Mrs. Maria King), wife of the late Major J.A.W. King, mother of...Mr. Piero Bellebond-Daw Thwe Naing Win (Virginia), died in Willowdale, Ontario, Canada, aged 75. (WPD 9/18) Sept. 17: Joseph Manuel, husband of Theresa (nee Paul), died in Bauktaw, aged 72. [Christian] (WPD 9/18) Sept. 26: U Thein Han, TPC, WKH, (Zaw Gyi), husband of Daw Saw Yin, retired librarian, Universities Central Library and Director-General of Myanmar Historical Research Commission died in Yangon, aged 84. (WPD 9/27) Sept. 27: Capt. C. Khuma (Retired) Army/3978, husband of Daw Huali, died in Yangon, aged 77. (WPD 9/28) Engagement Sept. 6: Maria Anne Hla Tin (Final year-English Honours), daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Hla Tin of Yangon, became engaged to Tin Maung Maung (B.Sc.:Geo), 3/E (F.G.) M.V. "Neptune Diamond", son of the late U Tin Hla and Daw Nyo Nyo, in Vancouver, Canada. (WPD 9/11) Marriages June 25: Ma Khin Nwe Aung, BA (Myanmar), Ibaraki Christian College, Japan, daughter opf Daw Nyunt Khin (U Soe Lwin-Daw Tin Nwe), and Maung Myo Tint B.Sc. (Geology), Ibaraki University, Japan, son of (U Thein Kywe) and Daw Khin Nyunt Yee, were married at the Myanmar Embassy, Tokyo, by Ambassador U Mya Thein. (WPD 9/29) Aug. 6: Miss Takahashi Michiyo, daughter of Mr. Takahashi Takeo and Mrs. Takahashi Kouko of Tokyo, Japan, married Maung Khin Maung Hlaing (2nd year-Maths), eldest son of U San Hlaing and Daw Sein Sein, "with the consent of both sides at the court in Bangkok, Thailand." (WPD 9/30) +-+-+-+-+ TO SUBSCRIBE Write to Hugh C. MacDougall, 32 Elm Street, Cooperstown, NY 13326. Annual Subscriptions: Individuals - US$ 40.00 (after 1/1/91 US$ 50.00) Institutions - US$ 50.00 Add Postal surcharge for - Canada - US$ 1.50 (after 1/1/91 $ 2.00) Foreign (surface) - US$ 2.00 Europe (air) - US$ 18.00 (after 1/1/91 $20.00) Asia (air) - US$ 23.00 (after 1/1/91 $25.00) [additional charge for US$ check on foreign bank - $5.00] NOTE: Checks should be payable to: Hugh C. MacDougall. Please indicate the issue with which you wish your subscription to begin (available from April 1987). -------