88-07 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (from the WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY) Vol.II, No. 7, July 1988 +-+-+-+-+ Table of Contents POLITICAL CRISIS BSPP Congress Convened 2 Central Committee Meeting 2 Co-Ordination Meeting 2 Panel of Chairmen Chosen 2 Congress Opening Day 2 Ne Win's Speech 3 U Aye Ko on Congress 6 U Aye Ko on Economic Reform 8 Second Day of Congress 10 Pyithu Hluttaw Convened 10 Party Congress Concludes 10 U Aye Ko's Replies 10 U Sein Lwin Becomes Chairman 12 U Sein Lwin's Speech 12 Prime Minister Fired 13 Attorneys Chairman Fired 13 DIPLOMATIC Malaysian Ambassador Approved 13 UN (Geneva) Ambassador Named 13 Ambassador to USSR Named 13 Singapore Ambassador Arrives 13 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION American Aid Amendment 13 French Wheel Chairs 13 FOREIGN VISITORS Australian MP 13 Chinese Goodwill Delegation 13 EEC Delegation 14 Indian Minister of State 14 BURMESE DELEGATIONS Cultural Troupe to Bangladesh 14 Youth Delegation Returns 14 Prime Minister In Bulgaria 14 BURMA GAZETTE Probationary Appointments 15 Appointments Confirmed 15 Transfer and Appointment 15 GOVERNMENT Curfew Reduced and Lifted 15 Detainees Released 15 Expelled Students May Reapply 16 Disorders in Taunggyi 16 Disturbances in Prome 17 Martial Law in Prome 19 Sangha Asks Calm in Prome 20 Arzani Day 20 Report on March 18 Deaths 20 Minister Resigns 21 MILITARY Insurgent Atrocities 22 Insurgents Surrender 22 KNU Mauls Mon Insurgents 22 ECONOMIC Profiteers Denounced 22 Fingerlings on Sale 23 Car Purchases 23 Rice Mill Parts 23 Roadside Stall Permits 23 Rainfall in Rangoon 23 HEALTH Indigenous Medicine Praised 23 CULTURAL Konbaung Period Writers 23 Religious Exam Results 25 SPORTS Letter to Editor 25 Malaysian Masters 25 MISCELLANEOUS Crime News 25 Obituaries 25 Aung San's Family 26 Marriage 26 +-+-+-+-+ NOTICE TO READERS This issue covers July 1 - 26 (July 5 missing). We do not know what issues will be received by mail for August, but are seeking an alternative source. In any case, there may delays in the Burma Press Summary, and we will have to consider its continued utility and feasibility in the light of the rapid changes taking places in Burma. Should we be unable to continue publication, the unused portions of subscriptions will of course be returned, but we have not reached that point yet. HCMacD. +-+-+-+-+ POLITICAL CRISIS BSPP Congress Convened July 7: The BSPP Central Executive Committee will convene an Extraordinary Congress of the Burma Socialist Programme Party on Saturday, July 23, 1988, "for purposes of effecting change in the State economic policies and guidelines and for amending the Party Constitution." (WPD 7/8) Central Committee Meeting July 22: The ninth meeting of the BSPP Central Committee met in the Saya San Hall, Kyaikkasan Grounds, Rangoon, at 9 am, under BSPP Vice-Chairman U San Yu. BSPP General Secretary U Aye Ko presented "the state of affairs concerning the convening of the 1988 Extraordinary Party Congress. Joint General Secretary U Sein Lwin presented the matter to be submitted to the Extraordinary Party Congress: to invest in the the Central Committee the right to amend the guiding philosophy of the Party, "the System of Correlation of Man and His Environment", and the Central Committee gave their decision by ballot. U Aye Ko then presented the matter to be submitted to the Congress "in connection with making changes in the State economic policies and guidelines and implementing them." The Central Committee voted. Central Committee Headquarters Secretary U Htwe Han then presented the matter to be submitted to the Congress "for investing the right to the Central Committee for amending the provisions and procedures contained in the Party Constitution which have direct bearing on the changes to be made in the State economic policies and guidelines." The Central Committee voted. Other procedural matters were approved. U Sein Lwin presented the questions of permitting the resignation of one Central Executive Committee member, and of two vacancies in the Central Executive Committee, and the Central Committee gave their decision. The decisions were approved. (WPD 7/23) Co-Ordination Meeting July 22: The preliminary co-ordination meeting for convening the Extraordinary Party Congress opened in Saya San Hall at 1 pm, presided over by the Chairman of the Convening Commission Party General Secretary U Aye Ko. The 15 members and 15 reserve members of the Panel of Chairmen was approved. The list of delegates "who will discuss the speech to be delivered by the Burma Socialist Programme Party Chairman...amending the guiding philosophy of the Party, the System of Correlation of Man and his Environment, matters on State economic policies and guidelines, matters on the provisions and procedures contained in the Party Constitution, were discussed and approved." (WPD 7/23) Panel of Chairmen Chosen July 22: The following were elected to the Panel of Chairmen of the Congress: Yebaw D Ja Yaw [Kachin]; Yebaw Phyu [Kayah]; Yebaw Say Nay Wai Htoo [Karen]; Yebaw Aung Tha Ban [Chin]; Yebaw Win Maung [Sagaing]; Yebaw Ohn Maung [Tenasserim]; Yebaw Tun Shwe [Pegu]; Yebaw Aung Bwint [Magwe]; Yebaw San Maung [Mandalay]; Yebaw Han Yin [Mon]; Yebaw Maung Kyaw Zan [Rakine]; Yebaw Aye Thwin [Rangoon]; Yebaw Sai Tun Kyi [Shan]; Yebaw Saw Naing [Irrawaddy]; and Yebaw Kyaw Tint [Tatmadaw]. (WPD 7/23) Congress Opening Day July 23: The Extraordinary Session of the BSPP Congress opened at 8:30 am at the Saya San Hall, presided over by Yebaw Aung Tha Ban. 1062 of the 1089 delegates were present, or 97.52%. It heard five addresses: one by Chairman U Ne Win [see text below]; one by General Secretary U Aye Ko on the convening of the Congress [see excerpts below]; one on by U Aye Ko changes in State economic policies [see excerpts below]; one by Joint General Secretary U Sein Lwin on investing the Central Committee with the right to amend the guiding philosophy, "the System of Correlation of Man and His Environment"; and one by U Htwe Han on investing the Central Committee with the right to amend the Party Constitution. (WPB 7/24) Ne Win's Speech July 23: [Text] Party Congress delegates. I speak on matters for calling Extraordinary Party Congress and the matters to be presented, discussed and approved by this Congress and carried out. Other points which need to be included will also be included. I believe the 1988 March and June bloodshed and disturbances were meant as moves by those who took part in the disturbances and those behind them to show lack of confidence in the Government and the Party leading the Government. It is necessary to assess whether among the people of the entire country, a majority is behind those lacking confidence or a minority. As I believe that holding a national referendum on what they wish--a one-party system or a multi-party system--would bring out the answer, I am asking the Party Congress to hold a referendum. If the majority want a multi-party system, the present Constitution's provision under Chapter II, Paragraph 11 for the sole political party leading the State will have to be substituted with wording in consonance with a multi-party system. A suitable lapse of time would of course be needed for convenient movement of the people, production of ballot cards and other requirements. Roughly said, it should be set up no later than end of September. It should be held earlier than that if possible. If, after the referendum more votes are for a multi-party system, elections must be held at the earliest for a new parliament. Part[ies] formed by bonafide citizens, organizations and individual citizens will have to register themselves with the elections supervisory body. Last date for registration will have to be prescribed. The elections supervisory body should co-ordinate with the organizations taking part to set the last date for registration and decide whether or not individual independants should be allowed to compete. At the end of the registration period, the elections supervisory body should co-ordinate with the registered organizations the date for holding elections. I believe all will be best satisfied if the date for election is set as soon as possible. The Hluttaw elected thus, can write the Constitution and other necessary laws according to its own wishes. I request the organizations currently taking responsibility to assert control as much as possible to keep the country from disarray till the organizations formed by the Hluttaw can take over. I request the present organizations to hand over authority without delay, if the new Hluttaw or the organizations formed by that Hluttaw say that they are no longer needed or continue assistance if asked to do so for some time. If the majority of the people decide on a single party system, the present party and organizations will have to continue to lead in keeping with the changes made and the regulations which continue to be accepted. I want to specially point out my role if the present party is to continue to lead. As I consider that I am not totally free from responsibility even if indirectly for the sad events that took place in March and June and because I am advancing in age, I would like to request Party members to allow me to relinquish the duty of Party Chairman and as a Party member. In order to do so, Paragraph 14 subpara (c) of the Party rules will have to be amended. I request you to do so. If you do not want to amend the rule, I request this Party Congress to treat it as a special exemption. Formerly, whenever I talked of relinquishing Party chairmanship, my confidants and, colleagues prevented me and, unhappily, I have had to stay on in this political samsara. This time my confidants have not only consented to allow me but have also asked that they too be allowed to leave along with me and have entrusted their resignations to me. They are (1) U San Yu (2) U Aye Ko (3) U Sein Lwin (4) U Tun Tin (5) U Kyaw Win. There are others, quite a number, who have as seniors been shouldering high responsibility, who want to retire, leave the Party. I would like this Party Congress to accede to their wishes to do so after transferring responsibility with the emergence of the new Hluttaw. I want to tell those wanting to retire, to leave the Party, to tender their letters of resignation in time while this Congress is in session. In short, (a) I submit to this Congress to seek the decision through a nationwide vote which the majority of the people choose from the two, a one-party system or a multi-party system (b) if the majority supports a multi-party system, then, as I have said before, arrangements will have to be made in accord with the terms concerning a multi-party system, (c) if the majority of the people support a one-party system, those of us who want to retire, must be allowed to do so in deference to our wishes while other remaining Party members continue to shoulder responsibilities of State, (d) please accede to the wishes of those who want to leave with me, (e) multi-party system or one-party system, whichever of the two the people support, may I conclude, declaring that I shall leave the political arena and turn away from politics. That is what I have to say in connection with the Congress and I have said it. However, from what is currently happening--from what happened in Taunggyi, what is happening in Prome--I cannot say if there is something imitative, thinking that they could do as they like against discipline. We made arrangements to exercise restraint so that the events of June in Rangoon would not lead to further bloodshed. Despite this, what occured was not of our creation--for example, it was in March, was it? What happened was between some locals and students. The locals and students had it out in a teashop. As a matter of duty, the Government could not but intervene. So, what ensued? What happened between the students and the locals faded away and the Government and students met head-on. Therefore, we tried all means to avoid recurrence of such things in future. What occurred in Prome started on the 16th, and we knew it only on the 17th. When we heard it on the 17th we thought it could be controlled by the police and the council, we hoped. As I said earlier, in what concerned preventing bloodshed, I asked that the Tatmadaw be not used in trifling matters and that it be used only when really necessary. I told them not to use the Tatmadaw without my knowledge. The Prome affair however did not subside but became bolder. So, I allowed the Tatmadaw to go in yesterday. There is what I said earlier that I would retire from politics. Although I said I would retire from politics, we will have to maintain control to prevent the country from falling apart, from disarray, till the future organizations can take full control. In continuing to maintain control, I want the entire nation, the people, to know that if in future there are mob disturbances, if the army shoots, it hits --there is no firing into the air to scare. So, if in future there are such disturbances and if the army is used, let it be known that those creating disturbances will not get off lightly. I now have this to say. Be patient and listen to what I have to say. This part is separate from the other parts concerning the convening of the congress. This may be the last time I am speaking before a gathering so, after putting before you matters concerning the Party Congress, I want to tell you about an episode which has led to misconception by students concerning me and the entire Revolutionary Council. The destruction of the University Students Union building on 8 July 1962 morning is known by all. Only if I reveal the role I played on July 7 evening will the events of the day become more complete, so I will do that. Around 5 that evening I heard gunshots, so I telephoned Bo Kyaw Soe to enquire. He said Sayagyi U Kar and family had been sent to a safe place, and that some 8 or 9 police had been injured. Asked if the students leaders creating disturbances had been apprehended, he said not yet and that some were in the Student Union building. In order that no more police and Tatmadawmen may get hurt I instructed him as follows: (a) To use loud hailers to urge those in the union building to come out and submit to arrest, and to warn that large-calibre arms would be used if they did not do so. (b) To use recoilless gun if necessary if they failed to submit to arrest peacefully And that it be done before dark. Here, I will tell you what is important. I and some of the Revolutionary Council members did not take part in the discussion and decision for the explosion which destroyed the building. Only when I enquired on hearing a very loud bang like the explosion of a big bomb on July 8 morning did I learn that the union building had been dynamited. There were also quite a number of Revolutionary Council members who knew of it only after they heard that explosion. However, all members of the Security Council composed of some of the Revolutionary Council members, Security Council Chairman Colonel Kyaw Soe who took responsibility for security, all security council members and all officials in charge of security were at the broadcasting station. Those persons were Security Council Chairman Colonel Kyaw Soe, Colonel Hla Han, Colonel Saw Myint, Colonel Ba Ni and from among officers Intelligence Colonel Maung Lwin and Chief of Police U Ba Aye. There were also many others present. When I called Bo Kyaw Soe and asked of what I had learned of the destruction of the union building on July 8, he (Bo Kyaw Soe) replied that when I said on July 7 evening that recoilless gun could be used in necessary in apprehending the ring leaders in the union building, he had thought that he was being told to destroy the union building and had therefore destroyed it. That being the case with the acceptance of the concept of collective leadership, the statement by Revolutionary Council leader which included the words "Sword with sword and spear with spear" was broadcast. Three or four months later I heard that foreign correspondent circles were saying that I gave the order to destroy the union building while I was drunk. I told Bo Kyaw Soe that I alone was being accused as the culprit who ordered the destruction while I was drunk, and asked him to tell me about the incidents of July 7. Then only did Bo Kyaw Soe say he would tell the truth. He said that, previously, soon after the Revolutionary Council emerged, some differences of opinion had appeared and that he was trying to cover that up. The fact was that one of those at the broadcasting station on July 7 had said that the union building was becoming a rebel headquarters and declared that it would be good to have it destroyed and thus whether or not to destroy it was discussed. Finally, he (Bo Kyaw Soe) said, it was decided to let me know about it and to destroy the building if I agreed. Bo Aung Gyi had said he would go and submit it to `Bogyoke' and bring a reply as to whether it was agreed or not. He (Bo Aung Gyi) left in a car taking Ko Hla Han along. Later, Bo Aung Gyi returned to the broadcasting station and claimed that `Bogyoke' had agreed. The group at the broadcasting station collected explosive materials and destroyed the building. After getting that answer, I called the Revolutionary Council member excluding Bo Aung Gyi and told them that Bo Aung Gyi, without submitting to me and without asking my opinion had told the group at the broadcasting station that I had agreed to the destruction of the building. After learning the truth, I called Bo Aung Gyi to my office and told him that I had discovered that he had claimed that I agreed to destroying the building. So I told Bo Aung Gyi--if you want to be leader and think you can lead I will get out; do I get out or do you get out? Decide, I told him. He said he would get out. He went back to his room and tendered his resignation. I will provide evidence to support my statements: First evidence: Beginning with second line on page 24 of Bogyoke Aung Gyi's letter dated 9 May 1988 --the person called Bogyoke Aung Gyi who became the culprit heard Bo Hla Han tell Rector Sayagyi U Kar who was temporarily staying at a bungalow near Inya Lake Hotel when he went along to Bogyoke's House with Bo Hla Han and dropped in at that house that permission had been obtained to destroy the union building and ventured to call Bo Kyaw Soe at the broadcasting station on the phone and asked that the matter be delayed while he took the matter up with `Bogyoke'; but when he arrived at Bogyoke's house he did not tell Bogyoke anything; but he claims to have tried to to stop the matter in a devious way--that is the first evidence from what he had written. Second evidence: When I called those concerned and asked them to write down what they knew to be true, there was in what Colonel Hla Han submitted--I have his letter with me--in line four, page 5 of his letter "Bogyoke Aung Gyi also arrived at that time. When there was talk about the union, (he said) Wait, I will go and submit it to `Bogyokegyi' and ask for orders, and taking me along, started out. On the way we dropped by to call on Sayagyi U Kar who was at Colonel Tin Soe's house. He also talked about the number of students killed and injured." "At that time, I also told the Sayagyi about the plan to destroy the union building. Afterwards, the two of us proceeded to Bogyokegyi's house. Bogyoke Aung Gyi reported the situation when we met Bogyoke. The union building matter was not in what he submitted. We got into the car to return." "In the car, I reminded him `Bogyoke, that matter has not been included.' Bogyoke Aung Gyi said `Let it be' and I kept quiet. When we got back to the broadcasting station, I heard Bogyoke Aung Gyi say `Okay' to Colonel Kyaw Soe"--those are the points. So, these two points are, as I said earlier, what were told to others without my knowledge but as if I knew; as if I had asked them to, and others destroyed it as they had been told that I agreed. So, taking the above-mentioned points into consideration, I conclude by asking the entire people to judge for themselves who the real culprit was in the destruction of the union building. (Applause) (WPD 7/24) U Aye Ko on Congress July 23: BSPP General Secretary U Aye Ko addressed the Extraordinary Party Congress on why it was convened [excerpts]: The Fifth Party Congress...was held from August 2 to 7, 1985. The Congress laid down the 23 future tasks...and approved the guidelines for the Fifth Four Year Plan. Although it was possible to implement to a certain extent the future tasks on political organizational affairs for the period, it was found that those in economic affairs and the plan guidelines were not implemented as successfully as original envisaged.... At the Central Committee Seventh Meeting held on October 8 and 9, 1987, the Party Chairman said...the situation required laying down of new principles.... ...it is with a view to expeditiously effecting policy changes in political, economic and social affairs in order to bring about better conditions that the Central Executive Committee has convened this Extraordinary Party Congress. The Burma Socialist Programme Party is firmly standing as the sole political party leading the state.... [Party organizations] still have to do more to function well.... [They must] keep close touch with the people and heed the wishes of the people, get rid of bribery and corruption and do away with weaknesses.... In the judicial field...some judicial bodies are found to have handed down judgements which are not in conformity with the law and not in accord with directives, and there are instances of undue individual influence, bribery and corruption.... At present in the country, deterioration of morality and lowliness in spirit is spreading amidst the people in various sectors. In the various State organizations and departments, there is too much weakness in performing duties and rampant misappropriation of public funds and property, bribery and corruption and such practices as fostering mentors and disciples to get protection on default and secure undue privileges. [Review of military and foreign affairs] In the economic sphere...a situation has been reached where there has been almost no development.... While the economic situation is in such a state of affairs, private capital is being widely used in blackmarketeering.... The majority of the working people are having to depend on the blackmarket trade.... The value of exports fell annually from K 918.9 million in 1983-84 to only K 785.3 million in 1986-87.... In connection with foreign currency receipts and expenditures there was a deficit of K 1777.2 million in 1986-87.... Mainly because of trade deficits, there was a main account deficit of K 1949.6 million in 1986-87.... Borrowings from abroad ...totalling K 1214.9 million in 1977-78 came up to K 1730.4 million in 1986-87. In terms of debt service ration, it was 15.11 per cent in 1977-78 and it rose to 59.16 per cent in 1986-87.... [In education] there are still defects...such as being still unable to get the education system meet the needs of the nation,...the number of unemployed persons increasing from day to day; the number of qualified teachers still being low and students from primary classes to post-graduate classes and also those seeking to join services having to depend on private tuition. There are weaknesses in the field of health such as difficulty to get admitted to hospitals...; insufficiency in medical equipment and supplies; prevalence of bad dealings between health services staff and patients and their families and frequent losses of lives owing to harmful substances faked as medicines.... [In agriculture] although the controlled crops were decontrolled stage by stage, it did not ease the situation as much as expected and the people are still having to buy basic foodstuffs paying exhorbitant prices.... To halt and rectify the country's economic downslide...positive assurances and proper arrangements must be made so as to encourage enthusiastic and increased private investment.... Changes which ought to be made in the different lines of economic activity have been submitted separately to this Extraordinary Party Congress.... It is essential for the guiding philosophy [of the BSPP] to always reflect changing conditions.... In Chapter 3 of the guiding philosophy it is stated, "When the economic relations of a given age can no longer serve the interests of his society, man...endeavours to establish new systems which can better serve his interest...." The matter of empowering the Central Committee to amend the Party's guiding philosophy...has been presented separately to the Extraordinary Party Congress...." (WPD 7/24) U Aye Ko on Economic Reform July 23: [Text of substantive portions of BSPP General Secretary U Aye Ko's address on economic reforms:] ...In effecting changes to reverse the present economic decline of the country, it is necessary to mobilize and utilize the productive forces of the country in full and to utilize the productive forces of the country by bringing public, co-operative and private sectors to operate abreast of one another as a basic principle.... To raise agricultural production, the following is to be done: (a) To permit public, co-operative and private sectors to carry out agricultural production and trade as they want. (Including jute, rubber, cotton, industrial sugar-cane, coffee seed and virginia tobacco, all currently scheduled crops). (b) To give assurance of the right to work the land so as to arouse enthusiasm to develop new farm land. (c) To grant ownership as long as one is commercially producing long-term industrial crops and long-term fruit-bearing trees. (d) To permit private individuals as well to buy and use agricultural machinery including tractors and trailers for reclaiming more fallow land and extending multi-cropping. (e) To bring about harmony and fairness between production cost and selling price of crops to contribute towards better agricultural production and to effectively employ the means of economic incentives including price policy. To raise livestock and fishery production, the following is to be done: (a) To permit public, co-operative and private sectors to catch and sell fish and prawns in all inland, coastal and off-shore works. (b) To permit public, co-operative and private sectors to work all fisheries by auction except those designated for research work by the State. In forest industry the following is to be done: (a) Forest nurseries and forest conservation are to be carried out by the State; (b) Teak extraction, local distribution and export are to be carried out by the public sector; (c) Extraction and production of hardwood, other wood and forest product raw materials and finished products and their local distribution and export are to be permitted to be carried out by public, co-operative and private sectors. In mining, the following is to be done: (a) Oil and natural gas exploration, production and distribution work is to be carried out only by the public sector. Exception: To allow co-operatives to work small oil wells not worked by the State; (b) Exploration, production and export of pearls, jade and gems are to be carried out only by the public sector; (c) Apart from the articles to be handled only by the public sector as mentioned in Sub-paragraph (b), exploration, production and sale of other minerals are to be carried out by the co-operative and private sectors only with the permission of the State. In manufacturing and processing sector, the following is to be done: -- Apart from the production of arms and ammunition, the public, co-operative and private sectors are to be permitted to set up small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale industries and produce and sell the products. In production and utilization of electric power, the following is to be done: -- Permission is to be granted to public, co-operative and private sectors for the production of hydro-electricity, electricity generated by machines and other means. However, if such work is carried out by the co-operative and private sectors, they are to be done according to law, rules and regulations. In construction sector, the following is to be done: -- Public, co-operative and private sectors are to be permitted to carry out such construction works as the building of roads and bridges, structures and buildings. In transport and communications, the following is to be done: (a) Communications work is to be carried out only by the public sector; (b) Air and rail transport activities are to be carried out only by the public sector; (c) In the field of transportation, apart from the modes mentioned in Sub-paragraph (b), public, co-operative and private sectors are to be permitted to construct, assemble and repair all other modes of transportation; (d) Public, co-operative and private sectors are to undertake all other forms of inland transportation work. In financial sector, the following is to be done: (a) Only the State is to undertake and manage financial enterprise. (b) The banking systems are to be changed as necessary with a view to getting the working people to have confidence in the banking business and conveniently deal with the banks. (c) The revenue collection systems are to be changed in conformity with the changes in the economy. (d) Loan plans and cash plans are to be systematically drawn up in conformity with the changes in the economy. In trade, the following needs to be done: (a) The State sector, the co-operative sector and private sector are to be allowed to engage in all internal and external trading business. (b) However, in external trading business, the main crops such as rice, paddy, and maize may be exported only after consideration for sufficiency for domestic consumption. (c) Private services are to be to be expanded. (d) Trading in border areas is to be undertaken. (e) Checks, curbs, hindrances are to be avoided in order to ensure expeditious flow of goods in the country and in order to ensure that there are no hindrnces in commercial activity. The following are to be undertaken in conformity with the economic changes: (a) In connection with the matters of accumulating capital and utilizing higher techniques and knowhow for the sake of increasing production in all the branches of economy, joint ventures between the public sector and the co-operative societies, between the public sector and the private sector, between private concerns, between governments, between the public sector and foreign private concerns, between the co-operative sector and foreign private concerns and between internal private concerns and foreign private concerns are to be allowed with the permission of the State. (b) The State is to make effective arrangements and give guarantee in connection with business and capital invested by private concerns in the economic enterprise permitted by the State. (c) The Fifth Party Congress's guideline to the effect that mutually beneficial co-operation with foreign countries and foreign economic organizations be undertaken for limited periods of time when large amounts of capital investments are needed and knowhow and machinery and equipment are required to be undertaken; and laws and by-laws needed for such undertakings are to be made. (d) The laws and rules made for each kind of business are to be reviewed and revised in order that the public sector, the co-operative sector and the private sector can do business without any difficulty. The following are to be undertaken in connection with the mass communications: (a) The broadcasting work and television work are to be undertaken by the public sector. (b) The public sector, the co-operative sector and the private sector are to be permitted to undertake newspaper, journal and magazine publishing work. The following are to be undertaken in connection with the public entertainment. -- The public sector, the co-operative sector and the private sector are to be permitted to undertake cinema hall construction and film screening anywhere including cities and the public sector, the co-operative sector and the private sector are to continue to be permitted to undertake thabin and musical entertainment. [Closing exhortation] (WPD 7/24; repeated 7/25) Second Day of Congress July 24: On the Second Day of the Extraordinary BSPP Party Congress, 15 delegates implored Chairman U Ne Win to reconsider his resignation, 12 delegates endorsed the economic changes proposed by U Aye Ko, and three delegates endorsed giving the Central Committee the right to amend Party philosopy. [Summaries of these interventions contained little of substance] (WPD 7/25) Pyithu Hluttaw Convened July 24: An emergency session of the Fourth Pyithu Hluttaw was convened by Council of State Proclamation No. 3/88, beginning at 10 am on Wednesday, July 27. (WPD 7/25) Party Congress Concludes July 25: The Extraordinary Congress of the BSPP concluded on its third day, with 1,061 out of 1,089 delegates present. General Secretary U Aye Ko responded to the second day's discussion [see below]. The Congress then voted [favorably] on the changes in economic policies, on investing the Central Committee with the right to amend the Guiding Philosphy of the Party, and to amend Party Constitution provisions relating to the changes in economic policy. These decisions were announced. Joint General Secretary U Sein Lwin then submitted matters relating to not holding a national referendum, to permit the Party Chairman [U Ne Win] and Vice-Chairman [U San Yu] to resign from Party duties and not to resign from Party membership but to retire, and not to permit the resignations of other leaders who submitted their resignations. He "procured the decision of the Congress on these matters." The Congress then concluded. (WPD 7/26) U Aye Ko's Replies July 25: General Secretary U Aye Ko replied to the delegates discussions [excerpts]: Esteemed Chairman and Party Congress delegates, The Party Chairman delivered a speech of special significance to the nation at the first...session .... The Party Chairman, expressing his belief in connection with the events that took place in March and June 1988 that it was an expression of lack of confidences in the Government and the Party leading it by those who actually took part in the disturbances as well as those who supported them from behind. He pointed out the need to assess whether the majority of the country's population is on the side of those who lack confidence or whether only a minority is on their side. He said that as it is his belief that holding a national referendum on what the people wish, a one-party system or a multi-party system, he asked this Party Congress to hold a national referendum. Party Congress delegates from the 14 Party Regional Committee areas and from the Tatmadaw Organizing Committee...submitted that since arrangements have already been made to bring about economic changes and other allied changes, it is necessary at present to give priority to the success of economic enterprises. The disturbances that broke out in some townships actually arose out of some petty personal quarrels. These disturbances arose as a result of machinations by a handful of people while the majority of the people throughout the country did not take part, desiring only to live in peace and tranquillity. With regard to the adoption of the one-party system and the leadership role of the Lanzin Party of the State, they pointed out that these had been approved by an overwhelming majority of people in the national referendum held in 1973. The delegates earnestly discussed at this Extraordinary Party Congress the matter of whether a national referendum should be held or not on the adoption of a one-party system or a multi-party system. Hence the matter of obtaining the decision of the Party Congress in connection with the holding of a national referendum will be dealt with separately. The Party Chairman made a request to the Extraordinary Party Congress to permit him to resign as Party Chairman and also as Party member, and also to permit five other Party leaders to retire from the Party along with him at the same time. ...all Party delegates...expressed deep sadness at it and emphatically submitted to to this Congress not to accept the resignations of the Party Chairman and the other leaders. Citing instances of practical achievements, they also described how the Party Chairman and the other Party leaders are personalities with great historic traditions and rich experiences fully able to provide leadership to overcome difficult and stringent conditions being faced in the country. Moreover they emphatically expressed great concern that the country would be left in disorder and disarray if the leaders of such great traditions resigned. It is clear that their discussions in this matter of resignation of the Party Chairman and the other Party leaders at this Extraordinary Party Congress reflect not just their individual sentiments but those of the delegates of the regions to this Congress and those of the entire mass of Party members. The Party Congress delegates are totally unconsenting about these matters of permitting the resignation of the Party Chairman, other leaders from Party membership, and similar resignations of other persons in leading positions. However, the Party Constitution already contains a provision that could permit retirement of a Party member on account of old age or health. Some who are shouldering duties in leadership are still able in respect of age and health to go on undertaking responsibilities of the Party and the State. That there is need for continuity in leadership and continuity of endeavours for realization of the objectives of the Party has also been stressed in the discussions of the Party Congress delegates. So, decision of the Congress will be taken in a separate arrangement on the matter of permitting retirement from the Party and on the matter of not permitting some leaders to resign and having them continue performing duties.... The delegates who discussed the matters unanimously agreed that the Central Committee should be authorized to carry out the matter of changing the Party's guiding philosophy and Constitution as they are broad ones and there could be difficulty in preparing them completely during the present session of the Extraordinary Party Congress. As they have discussed the matters without any additional suggestions, the Central Committee shall proceed with the task. On economic changes, there were suggestions and so I shall now reply to them. [Remainder of speech devoted to extensive economic commentary, most of it restating the proposed economic changes contained in U Aye Ko's earlier address to the Congress]. (WPD 7/26) U Sein Lwin Becomes Chairman July 26: The tenth meeting of the BSPP Central Committee met at 1 pm in the Conference Hall of the Pyithu Hluttaw, presided over by Joint General Secretary U Sein Lwin. Central Committee Headquarters Secretary U Thein Ngwe "submitted matters relating to Party duties and meting out punishment and the Central Committee approved the matters." Central Committee Headquarters Secretary U Aung Thein then "submitted matters relating to annulling the Private Enterprises Rights Law and the Central Committee members gave decision." Other matters considered were "holding elections in connection with the duties and vacant seats of the Central Executive Committe members" and "matters concerning the Pyithu Hluttaw." The Central Committee elected U Sein Lwin as Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party, Thura U Kyaw Htin as Party Joint General Secretary, and U Khin Maung Gyi, Dr. Maung Maung, and Lt.Gen. Than Shwe as members of the Party Central Executive Committee. U Sein Lwin gave a short address [text below]. (WPD 7/27) U Sein Lwin's Speech July 26: Following his election as Chairman of the BSPP, U Sein Lwin made the following address [text]: Comrade Central Committee members, You comrades have given me a very heavy duty--that of the Party chairmanship. I will perform this duty to the best of my ability. I would like to request you to help me, in the performance of this duty. Another matter is that since ours is one and the only party, it is necessary for us to always seek out mistakes and defects in our serving the interests of the State and to carry out the tasks in accordance with the wishes of the people. In this regard our experiences have shown us that mistakes and defects are caused not by work principles but mostly by personnel and as such I would like to ask you to present the matter of the Party Units and the Party Regional Committees taking prompt action in the matters caused by personnel and of always scrutinizing the personnel and taking action. If they are found to have been caused by work principles, it is imperative that they be speedily submitted to the higher level. I would like the Party organizations concerned to always study ways and means of having the people carry out, without any difficulty, the economic changes principally laid down by the Extraordinary Party Congress and submit them to the higher organizations at different levels for further action. There are Party organizations and cadres in the respective organizations and at the respective departments. There are also Party members. However, on various pretexts, they are overbearing on the people with such ways as bribery, causing wastages and hindering work and malpractices. I would like to warn the Party fraction leaders, Party cadres and Party member service personnel and workers to put an end to such practices soonest. In conclusion I would like to urge you to strive to achieve success as quickly as possible in effecting the economic changes laid down by the Extraordinary Party Congress in whatever capacity you may be serving and wherever you may be assigned. (WPD 7/27) Prime Minister Fired July 26: Council of State Notification No. 97/88 provides that as it has been found that Prime Minister U Maung Maung Kha was not free from responsibility of the consequences of the disturbances that broke out during March 1988, he has been removed from the premiership with effect from 26 July, 1988. (WPD 7/27) Attorneys Chairman Fired July 26: Council of State Notification No. 98/88 provides that as it has been found that Chairman of the Council of People's Attorneys U Myint Maung was not free from responsibility of the consequences of the disturbances that broke out during March 1988, he has been removed from the chairmanship of the Council of People's Attorneys with effect from 26 July, 1988. (WPD 7/27) DIPLOMATIC Malaysian Ambassador Approved July 7: Burma approved the nomination of Mr. Sallehuddin bin Abdullah as Malaysian Ambassador to Burma. Born in 1942, he graduated from the University of Malaysia with a BA (Honours) degree. From 1970-79 he served in the Ministry of Finance, the Prime Minister's Department, and the Ministry of Trade and Development. In 1980 he became Trade Commissioner in Jakarta, and in 1983 was transferred to the Foreign Ministry, where he became Under-Secretary of the ASEAN Division. He has been Consul-General of Malaysia in New York since 1986. (WPD 7/7) UN (Geneva) Ambassador Named July 8: President U San Yu named U Aung Thant, Director General, International Organizations and Economic Department, Foreign Ministry, as Burmese Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Geneva. (WPD 7/8) Ambassador to USSR Named July 8: President U San Yu named U Tin Tun, Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Geneva, as Burmese Ambassador to the USSR. (WPD 7/7) Singapore Ambassador Arrives July 14: The new Ambassador of Singapore to Burma, Tan Seng Chye, presented credential to President U San Yu. (WPD 7/15) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION American Aid Amendment July 11: Deputy Minister for Planning and Finance U Kyaw Myint and American Ambassador Burton Levin signed Amendment No. 2 to the Project Grant Agreement for the Burma Agricultural Production Project, under which the United States will provide a grant of US$ 3,675,000 million (Ky 22.6 million) for the procurement of chemical fertilizer. (WPD 7/12) French Wheel Chairs July 11: French Ambassador Georges Sidre donated two wheel chairs, valued at Ky 15,000 each, to the new Rangoon General Hospital. (WPD 7/12) FOREIGN VISITORS Australian MP June 30: Andrew Fischer, visiting Australian Member of Parliament, accompanied by Australian Ambassador to Burma Christopher Lamb and Australian Ambassador to Thailand John Smith, called on Deputy Minister for Home and Religious Affairs Col. Khin Maung Win, to discuss narcotic drug control. (WPD 7/1) Chinese Goodwill Delegation June 30: The Chinese Goodwill Delegation led by Mr. Huang Shiming called on Vice Chairman Dr. Maung Di of the Lanzin Youth Central Organizing Committee, on Vice Chairman U Chit Swe of the Peasants Asiayone Central Body, on Vice Chairman U Kyi Thein of the Workers Asiayone Central Body, on Principal U Ye Myint of the Central Institute of Political Science, and on Secretary of the BSPP Central Committee Headquarters U Htwe Han. In the evening Secretary of the BSPP Central Committee Headquarters U Aung Thein hosted a dinner for the delegation at the Inya Lake Hotel. (WPD 7/1) // July 1: The delegation visited Syriam, where it toured No. 3 footwear factory, garment factories Nos. 3 and 4, No. 1 Industrial Training Centre, and the Rangoon-Syriam bridge site. (WPD 7/2) // July 2: The delegation visited the Shwedagon Pagoda, the National Museum, National Indoor Stadium (1), and the Central Agricultural Training Centre at Zayatkwin village, Hlegu Township [Rangoon]. (WPD 7/3) // July 3: It visited Taunggyi and Inle Lake. (WPD 7/4) // July 5: The delegation visited Mandalay and the Academy for the Development of National Groups in Ywathitkyi, Sagaing; it then returned to Rangoon. (WPD 7/6) // July 7: The delegation departed. (WPD 7/8) EEC Delegation July 2: A seven man delegation from the Commission of the European Communities, headed by Claude Cheysson, arrived in Burma and flew on to Mandalay. It will be in Burma until July 6. (WPD 7/3) // July 5: The delegation was received by President U San Yu. It also placed a wreath at the Arzani Mausoleum and called on Managing Director of the News and Periodicals Corporation U Khin Maung Aye. (WPD 7/6) // July 6: The delegation held talks with Acting Prime Minister and Minister for Planning and Finance Thura U Tun Tin. It visited the Shwedagon Pagoda and contributed Ky 2,000. Later it departed from Burma. (WPD 7/7) Indian Minister of State July 11: Shri Ajit Kumar Panja, Indian Minister of State (Revenue), Ministry of Finance, and party arrived in Rangoon, and will remain until July 14. (WPD 7/12) // July 13: He called on Acting Prime Minister and Minister for Planning and Finance Thura U Tun Tin. On July 12 he had visited Inle Lake and Taunggyi. (WPD 7/14) // July 14: The Indian Minister called on Minister for Trade U Khin Maung Gyi, and on Deputy Minister for Home and Religious Affairs Col. Khin Maung Win. In a visit to the Shwedagon Pagoda he donated Ky 1,001. The Minister left Rangoon in the afternoon. (WPD 7/15) BURMESE DELEGATIONS Cultural Troupe to Bangladesh July 1: A 25 member cultural troupe headed by Research Officer (Music) of the Fine Arts Department of the Ministry of Culture U Kyi Lwin left on an eight-day tour of Bangladesh. (WPD 7/2) // July 9: The troupe returned. (WPD 7/10) Youth Delegation Returns July 6: The Burmese youth delegation headed by U Sein Win returned after a study tour of China. (WPD 7/7) Prime Minister In Bulgaria July 7: Members of a Burmese delegation that will accompany Prime Minister U Maung Maung Kha on an official visit to Bulgaria left Rangoon. They included Foreign Minister U Ye Goung, Minister for Informationa and for Culture U Aung Kyaw Myint, Deputy Minister for Industry 1 U Thein Myint, Deputy Minister for Co-operatives Dr. Chit, Judge Advocate General Col. Than Oo, and Director-General of the Foreign Ministry Political Department U Ohn Gyaw. (WPD 7/8) July 11: Prime Minister Maung Maung Kha and his delegation arrived in Sofia, Bulgaria on July 10. They were met by Chairman of the Council of Ministers Georgi Atanasov. (WPD 7/12) July 12: He called on President Todor Zhivkov, who gave him a luncheon. Earlier he visited the Pushkarov Institute of Pedology. In the evening, Chairman Atanasov gave a banquet where speeches were exchanged [texts printed]. Chairman Atanasov welcomed "the highest delegation of Burma visiting this country." He noted the Soviet-American summit dialogue to which the world was looking to escape thermonuclear catastrophe, and called for a Balkan nuclear and chemical-weapons-free zone. He called attention to Bulgaria's socio-economic successes following the "triumph of the socialist revolution." Prime Minister Maung Maung Kha said in reply that he had come on a good will visit to establish personal contacts and enhance friendship. He lauded the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence and the U.N. Charter, and looked forward to the opportunity to exchange views. (WPD 7/13) July 13: The Prime Minister and his party left Bulgaria on July 12 for West Germany. (WPD 7/14) // July 20: Prime Minister U Maung Maung Kha returned to Rangoon; other members of his party had returned on July 16. (WPD 7/21) BURMA GAZETTE Probationary Appointments July 27: The Council of State appointed the following on probation: U Ko, Deputy Director-General, Office of the Council of Ministers, to be Director-General, Office of the Council of Ministers. U Than Tint, Director, Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries, to be Director-General, Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department. U Ba Ohn, Vice-Principal, Central Transport and Communications Training School, Ministry of Transport and Communications, to be Principal, Central Transport and Communications Training School. (WPD 7/27) Appointments Confirmed July 26: The Council of State confirmed the following after their one-year probationary period: BC/8581 Colonel Zaw Min as Director-General, Fire Services Department, Ministry of Home and Religious Affairs. Dr. U Khin Maung Tin as Director-General, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health. (WPD 7/27) Transfer and Appointment July 27: The Counil of State transferred and appointed under Article 73(l) of the Constitution: U Khing Maung Aye, Principal, Central Transport and Communications School, Ministry of Transport and Communications, as Director-General 1, Transport and Communications Planning and Operation Department. (WPD 7/27) GOVERNMENT Curfew Reduced and Lifted June 30: The curfew order No. 1/88 "banning people from going outside beween 6 pm and 6 am" is modified, effective July 1, by Rangoon Division People's Council Executive Committee Order No. 2/88 to read "between 8 pm and 4 am." (WPD 7/1) July 9: Order No. 3/88 of July 9 lifted Orders Nos. 1/88 and 2/88 as of noon, July 9. Curfew orders in Pegu and Prome were lifted as of 12:30 hours July 9, and that in Moulmein as of 1:30 pm July 9. (WPD 7/10) Detainees Released July 7: Those detained in connection with the disturbances in March and June are being released, beginning today. Students, numbering 139 boys and four girls, were released to the custody of their parents, guardians and teachers in Rangoon today. Those released "include those who have been unconditionally released as well as those who have been released on their own personal assurances." Among the 240 released in Rangoon today were 86 ayat-tha (civilians) and 11 workers. Among the 73 released in Mandalay today were 71 students, one worker, and one ayat-tha (civilian). Among the 50 released in Pegu today were 13 students, two workers and 35 ayat-tha (civilians). Among the 27 released in Prome today were two students and 24 ayat-tha (civilians). The release of others in custody will continue. (WPD 7/8) // July 8: All detainees, in Rangoon and in rural towns, have been released. Among the 394 released in Rangoon today were 59 students, 327 civilians, and eight workers. (WPD 7/9) Expelled Students May Reapply July 8: Students who were detained and those were were expelled in connection with the disturbances in March and June 1988 may apply for re-admission. They must enclose a "written statement expressing their desire to continue their studies and assurances from their parents to take responsibility for their sons and daughters." (WPD 7/9) Disorders in Taunggyi July 13: [Text] Authorities in Taunggyi issued a [curfew?] order under Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code in the Taunggyi Township Development area, effective 10 pm on July 12, following disturbances on July 11 and 12. At 9:30 am on July 10, four novice monks from Lawkamanaung Kyaungtaik, Seinpan Ward, Taunggyi, while collecting soon near the Union Confectionery shop in Myoma Market were pelted with rubber bands by a worker from the confectionery, Nyunt Oo, and a quarrel broke out in which one novice was beaten up. Nyunt Oo, was arrested and booked. Later Presiding Sayadaw U Dhammapalabhivamsa of the Monastery returned with novice monks to the office of the market collector and demanded that Nyunt Oo be handed over to them. They were requested to go to the police station, where matters were explained, and they returned to the Monastery. At 9:30 am on July 11, a crowd of 300 gathered and demanded that the owner of the confectionery shop, Aye Pe, and his father U Soe Myint, be handed over to them. Police explained matters, and the crowd dispersed at 9:45 am. At 8:00 pm on July 11, a crowd of 200 came to Kantha Ward where Nyunt Oo lives, and started to throw sticks and stones at police. Some of them destroyed the confectionery shop. The authorities brought the Sayadaw, U Dhammapalabhivamsa, who successfully appealed to the crowd to disperse at 9 pm. About 6:40 pm on July 12, a crowd of 200 at the Lawkamanaung Monastery, stoned a car carrying People's Council members. Moreover, a crowd stoned house No. 49 in Neikban Road, Kantha Ward, and damaged the Orphanage. About 100 police dispersed the crowd about 8:30 pm. At the same time a crowd of 200 destroyed the houses of U Soe Myint's younger brother U Kyaw Aye and of U Soe Myint's son, and stoned Primary School No. 14. At 9 pm, the crowd destroyed the "Myat Wutyi" tea shop in Kan-auk Ward, owned by U Soe Myint's daughter. The crowd then went to Lanmadaw, and confronted the police at the road junction on the north of the market; the police fired 30 shots and dispersed the crowd. During the disturbances, one person (San Win, 29) died and nine were injured [names given]. Shan State People's Police Force Director U Sein Tun was struck in the right eye by a nut from a catapult, and was hit on the head. Nineteen persons were apprehended in connection with the disturbances. (WPD 7/14) July 14: [Text] Disturbances occurred again on July 13, when at 1:30 pm a crowd at the Myoma Police Station demanded the release of those detained. Disappointed, the crowd stoned tea shops and betel shops on its way back to town. One group dispersed after a fight with another. The other group went along Sao Sam Htun Hospital Road towards the Myoma Market, growing in size to 200, and destroyed a foodstall, tea shops, and bicycle spare parts and repair shops along the way. At about 4:20 pm the crowd set on fire an orphanage school on Neikban Road in Seinban Ward; police fired about 20 shots to disperse the crowd. At about 5:45 pm the authorities requested the Shan State Working Committee of Sangha Nayaka Sayadaw and the Presiding Sayadaw of Lawkamanaung Kyaungtaik to help disperse the crowd, which they did. One orphanage school and five buildings were damaged by fire. During the disturbances U Than Maung and U Win Lwin died of stab wounds, and 11 others [named] were wounded by sticks and knives. Altogether three persons were killed and 20 wounded between July 10-13. Action has been taken against 36 persons. Peace was restored in Taunggyi as of 6:10 pm. (WPD 7/15) Disturbances in Prome July 18: [Text] Authorities issued a [curfew] order under Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the Prome Development area following disturbances in the early hours of July 17. After midnight on July 16, a brawl broke out between Fire Brigade Platoon Commander U Zaw Moe and three friends, and the drunken U Aung Kyi, owner of the Let-yway-zin Cafe on Merchant Street, Shwe-let-hla ward, Prome, when U Zaw Moe tried to prevent U Aung Kyi from teasing girls passing by. U Aung Kyi hit U Zaw Moe, injuring his head, and U Zaw Moe returned to the fire station, rounded up some 20 people, and came back to destroy property at the Let-yway-zin Cafe. Police chased them away. At 1:00 pm on July 17 some 15 youths from Shwe-let-hla Ward arrived by pony-cart and did further damage. At about 2:15 pm, 20 people invaded the nearby shop of Maung Tu, who had been U Aung Kyi's companion the night before, and broke glasses in its cupboards. Then youths discussed their dissatisfaction with the Ward Party Section secretary and the Ward People's Council Chairman, and were told not to resort to violence. At 3:30 pm the Township Party Chairman and Council members met the youths and told them that legal action would be taken against those who committed assault. The youths dispersed quietly. At 8 pm 30 persons armed with sticks and dahs [knives] went along Lanmadaw Road from north to south and stoned houses. Just beyond the bronze equestrian statue, the police fired into the air to disperse the crowd. At about 9:30 pm a crowd of 50 started throwing stones at houses in the Sinmagyi compound near High School No. 1 on Sitke Road. At the same time, 150 persons gathered near Prome market and started stoning houses on Lanmadaw Road, and broke into betel shops. By about 9:30 the crowd had grown to 300, including those bent on causing disturbances. Shots were fired to disperse them. At about midnight about 70 persons started stoning street lamps and houses on Sinsu-tar-yo Road. Township People's Councils functionaries and police arrived and fired shots in the air to disperse them. The Township People's Council issued order under Section 144 as of 9 pm July 17 to bring the situation under control. Seven civilians [names given] were injured in the disturbances; Maung Aung (a) Soe Aung died on arrival at hospital. Thirty-four persons were apprehended in connection with the disturbances. (WPD 7/19) July 20: [Text] Slight disturbances took place in Prome and Paungdale in Prome Township on 19 July and in Prome this morning, it is learnt. Some 10 persons stoned the betal shop of Ma Khin Than in Muyabin Ward and the betel shop of U Kyaw Aye at the corner of People's Hospital and Pabedan Road at about 1 pm on 19 July, in Prome and caused slight damage to the shops. At about 9 am on 19 July, a crowd of about 200 stoned a building on Lanmadaw Road in Paungdale and broke the walls and doors of the building. Personnel of the Village Party and People's Council and People's Police Force requested them not to do so and the crowd dispersed about 9.30 pm. At 9.45 pm the same day eight persons broke into the house of one U Chin Swe in Padetha Rice Mill Compound, Koethaung Ward, Ywabe area in Prome and made off with about K 4,500 worth of property including K 1,000 in cash, it is reported. At about 5.20 am today, a crowd of about 100 entered a building in Ywabe Ward in Prome, brought out property from the house into the street and set fire to it. Then the crowd swelled to about 200. At that moment personnel of the Party, People's Council and the People's Police Force requested Presiding Sayadaws to help and as a result of the appeal made by the Presiding Sayadaws, the crowd dispersed at about 6.30 am it is learnt. (WPD 7/21) July 21: [Text] Disturbances continued in Prome, it is learnt. About 25 persons trespassed the cattle farm of U Ruby at Pwinthla Theingon Ward in Ywebe area here at about 7.30 on 19 July. They wrecked the farm and freed the cattle. They also destroyed properties in the house. The People's Police Force has taken action under section 392, it is learnt. At about 10.30 am on 20 July, some 30 people stoned the house of U Hussein of Thayettaw ward. At about 12.45 pm, a crowd of about 300 people extracted petrol from a three-wheeler No Ha/417 and Chevrolet No Gagyi/ 1873 belonging to U Thar Gyar and tried to use the petrol to set fire to household properties on Shwetaga Kwetthit 2nd Lane in Myothit ward. But, the residents of the ward requested them not to do so. The crowd did not set fire to the household properties. At about 5 pm the same day, stones were thrown at and damage inflicted on the poultry farm of U Hla Maung at Shwehintha Anaukpauk ward in Ywabe area and also at the Win Star cassette and book rental shop on Bogyoke Street. At about 7 pm, some houses on either side of Bogyoke Street were also stoned and damaged as was a landrover No Hsa/2146 being used by People's Police Force members at a place near the Koe Thaung market. At about 8.30 pm, about 40 people threw stones and inflicted damage on the houses of U Min Thee and Daw Gandamar on Sayedan Street in Shwegu ward while over 100 people also threw stones and damaged some of the houses in Shwehintha Anaukpauk ward. At about 9 pm, a group of people was getting together to destroy the cattle farm of one Hnokkhanhmway at Pwinthla Theingon ward in Ywabe area when the People's Police Force arrived and dispersed them. Likewise in Htanpauk village, Prome Township, some 200 people set fire to a paper mill belonging to U Thein. At about 8.30 pm, about 150 people stoned the houses of U Myo Lwin, U Tin Maung and Daw Ahmar in western Paungdale, Prome Township. The same group also threw stones and wrecked the houses of Tin Shein, Daw Ohn Hlaing, Hla Win and Daw Kalayma at Thayagon Ward and Lanmadaw Alepaing. They also stoned and wrecked the condensed milk plant in Shwetalay Ward. During the disturbances caused by such crowds that day, the People's Police Force had to disperse the crowds by firing warning shots. This morning at about 7.30 am, disturbances caused by crowds took place in Shwetaga Kwetthit and Sinzu in Prome. During these disturbances, about eight troublemakers were apprehended, it is learnt. (WPD 7/22) July 22: [Text] Disturbances in and around Prome continued from midnight of July 16 to this evening. On the afternoon of July 21, some 60 persons threw stones at members of the People's Police Force in Thayettaw Ward, and the People's Police Force had to disperse the crowd. Four of those causing disturbances were apprehended and of them, Kyaw Soe Moe (15) received injuries on his arm. At 10 pm, a group of 100 was getting together near Shwehsandaw Pagoda and the Township People's Council had to disperse them. At about midnight, about 100 persons went and surrounded No. 2 PPF Station and threw stones at houses at Kondawpauk in Ywa Be area. At Hmawza village in Prome Township, about 150 persons set fire to things in a building about 10 pm and the Prome Fire Brigade had to go to put out the fire. Beginning from 10 am today, crowds of people forcibly opened and destroyed shops, indigenous herb shop[s], buildings, bicycle repair shops, restaurants, houses, tea shops, electrical goods shops, beauty parlours and bicycle accessories sales shops along Letthama Street, Lanmadaw Street, Lanshe Street, Tayoketan Street, Shwephonepwint Pagoda Street, Hsinsu Ward, Bogyoke Road, Pagoda Road, Taryodan Street, Thein Street, Rangoon Road, Jetty Street, and Shwehsandaw Anauk Saungdan Street. They brought things onto the road and set fire to them till evening. In connection with these disturbances, members of the People's Police had to fire warning shots to disperse the crowds in some wards, it is learnt. (WPD 7/23) Martial Law in Prome [Text] Council of State Proclamation No. 2/88, 22 July 1988 State of Emergency and Military Administration proclaimed in Prome Township, Pegu Division 1. Beginning from the evening of 16-7-88 those out to create disturbances have caused riotous and destructive disturbances in some of the wards of Prome Township in Pegu Division and the disturbances have spread throughout the whole town so much so that the regional administrative bodies have become unable to keep the situation under control. The Council of State has thus proclaimed a state of emergency in Prome Township, Pegu Division, using powers under Article 76 of the Constitution...and issued martial law to ensure security of the state, public safety and property as well as to prevent the outbreak of religious conflict. 2. The Council of State has authorized the Chief of Staff of the Defence Services to apply administrative and judicial powers in the area mentioned in Paragraph 3. 3. From the moment of this proclamation, Prome Township, Pegu Division, shall be under the military administration of the Chief of Staff of the Defence Services. 4. The military administration... shall come into force from 1800 hours...(July 22, 1988) and shall be in force until it is revoked by the Council of State. 5. Regarding judicial matters, trial of cases shall continue according to existing laws and the Chief of Staff...is invested with the following powers...(a) Judicial bodies...shall continue functioning and if necessary...shall be increased. (b) Directives may be issued for summary trials in some cases according to the Criminal Procedures Code. 6. Regarding cases handed over by the military administration...appeals may be submitted directly to the Chief of Staff...[who] is empowered to...(a) uphold the sentence. (b) reduce the sentence. (c) quash the sentence. 7. The Chief of Staff...is authorized to personally exercise the State's administrative and judicial powers or to delegate such powers to another individual. 8. The Chief of Staff...may form a military administration advisory committee.... 9. The Chief of Staff...shall be responsible to the Council of State.... Sd San Yu Chairman, Council of State. ----- [Text] Military Administration Announcement No. 1, 22 July 1988 ...I, the Defence Services Chief of Staff, hereby delegate the administrative and judicial powers conferred on me to Deputy Commander of the Central Command Colonel Aye Kyaw (BC 8805).... Sd Saw Maung General, Chief of Staff of Defence Services (WPD 7/23) Sangha Asks Calm in Prome July 18: At the request of the Burmese Government, the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Sayadaws issued the following appeal [text]: What has occurred as a result of a personal brawl in a tea-shop in Prome on the night of 16 July 1988 causing misunderstanding between one religion and another can only bring about adverse results in the Sasana and to the country. The State Sangha Maha Nayaka Sayadaws deeply request all Reverend Sayadaws at all levels of Sangha organizations to help promote love & goodwill and cut short hatred by restraining their following of Sangha, novices and laity so that such a state of affairs does not occur and furthermore to work with metta in the fore to prevent such occurrences in co-ordination with the respective People's Councils. (WPD 7/19) Arzani Day July 19: The 41st Anniversary of Arzani Day [commemorating the assassination of Aung San and other Burmese martyrs] was celebrated by Acting Prime Minister Thura U Tun Tin at Rangoon's Arzani Mausoleum. Aung San's daughter, Daw Aung San Su Kyi, represented the family. (WPD 7/20) Report on March 18 Deaths Rangoon, 19 July: [Text] At about 10 am on 18 March 1988, some persons causing disturbances arrived in a bus at the Enquiry Commission. As they were not permitted to enter, they proceeded to the Maha Bandoola Park. At the Park, they harangued the onlookers. Then they commandeered a Hilux pickup and drove away shouting all the way. At that time, about one hundred people who were present at the park threw stones at all motor vehicles. Then the number of disturbance-makers increased to about 500. They proceeded along Sule Pagoda Road and Maha Bandoola Street. Along the route they set fire to three motor vehicles. When they got to Kyauktada Township, they set fire to two motor vehicles parked in front of a restaurant. Security forces arrived and dispersed the group and arrested some trouble-makers. At the same time, disturbance-makers set fire to the co-operative shops and the departmental store at Theingyizay in Pabedan Township. They also set fire to some fire engines which arrived to put out the fire. They proceeded to Latha Township and stoned traffic lights and the Burma Examinations Board office. Thence, they went to Lanmadaw Township where they wrecked traffic lights on Canal Road and foodshops and restaurants of the Restaurants and Beverages Trade Corporation. Because of this security force members, arrived and dispersed the crowds and arrested some trouble-makers. At the same time, those causing disturbances wrecked the traffic lights, motor vehicles, telephone cable boxes and mail boxes in the Pazundaung Township. Those causing disturbances in Dagon Township threw stones at the Thamada Hotel. Those causing disturbances in Ahlone Township set fire to a motor vehicle and wrecked co-operative shops. Those causing disturbances in Botataung Township set fire to two motor vehicles on Theinbyu Street and wrecked one Black Maria. A group of those causing disturbances from Yegyaw Ward met another group at the junction of Theinbyu Street and Bogyoke Street. The combined group threw stones at the office of the Housing Department. The security forces dispersed the mob. Some of those dispersed then threw stones and wrecked the Co-Operative Department. The security forces dispersed the crowd and arrested some of them. Some of those dispersed joined forces with another group at the junction of the Theinbyu Street and the Bogyoke Street. The group swelled to about 1,000. They wrecked the Department of Health building. The crowd threw stones at security forces and they had to use tear-gas to disperse them. The crowd dispersed. Some of those who collected at the junction of Anawratha Street and Theinbyu Street were dispersed by security forces using tear-gas and some were arrested. Those causing disturbances who went to Mingala Thaungnyunt Township set fire to four motor vehicles. Similarly, those causing disturbances in Tamwe Township went along the Maugon Road, and Bowlane and caused damage to motor vehicles and traffic lights. Some trouble-makers who went to Bahan Township made an attempt to wreck the Myanma Ahlin Daily, fish and butcher shops and traffic lights, throwing stones at them. The security forces arrived and dispersed the crowd. Some were arrested. Those who were apprehended for causing disturbances and damage in Rangoon on 18 March were sent to Insein Jail in Black Marias at midnight that day. Due to the fact that there were not sufficient number of Black Marias, more than the usual number of detainees had to be accommodated in each vehicle and due to the fact that the trip to Insein Jail which usually takes forty minutes actually took nearly two hours to drive because of the then-current conditions, it was found on arrival at Insein Jail that one of the cars which contained 71 detainees included 41 persons who had died. Those who were found dead were those who had been apprehended at the junction of Theinbyu and Bogyoke Streets. The Commander of the Botataung Township People's Police opened a case concerning the deaths at the Botataung Township Judges Committee on 19 March. On that day, the Botataung Township Judges Committee, together with the Township Medical Officer and the PPF personnel, went to the Insein Jail and examined the deaths. According to the condition of the deaths, the bodies were cremated at the Kyandaw Cemetery beginning after midnight of 19 March. According to autopsy results, the cause of death was found to be inhalation of tear-gas and also suffocation as the Black Maria had had to carry more than its capacity. The delay in the release of news concerning these incidents is due to the fact that all proper care had to be taken in the interest of law and order and so as to prevent exacerbation of the situation and proliferation of such disturbances. [Minister Fired] In connection with this, the Council of Ministers has accepted the resignation of U Min Gaung as the Minister for Home & Religious Affairs. (WPD 7/20) July 20: [Police Officers Disciplined]. [Text] Action has been taken against some People's Police Force officers in connection with the death of 41 persons out of 71 who were carried in a Black Maria to the Insein Jail during the disturbances in Rangoon on 18 March 1988, it is learnt. The deaths occurred because the Black Maria had had to carry more detainees than its capacity. Director-General of the People's Police Force U Thein Aung has been retired; Rangoon Division PPF Commander Director of Police U Pe Kyi has been demoted to the rank of Deputy Director of Police and transferred; Rangoon Division PPF Deputy Commander Deputy Director of Police U Hla Ni is not to be considered for promotion for two years and the last warning has been given to some PPF officers involved in the case, it is learnt. (WPD 7/21) Minister Resigns July 19: Council of State Notification No. 95/88 of July 18 permits Minister for Home and Religious Affairs U Min Gaung, Pyithu Hluttaw member for Patheingyi 1, Mandalay Division, to resign as member of the Council of Ministers and member of the Pyithu Hluttaw as of July 18. (WPD 7/20) MILITARY Insurgent Atrocities July 1: Maung Tin Win, 20, of Minlwin-Ahle village, Thaton Township [Mon] was injured by a KNU mine on June 25. Another villager was wounded by second mine while coming to his rescue. Maung Naing, 25, was killed by a KNU mine near Seikkyi village, Kyaukkyi Township [Pegu] while gathering danyinthees on June 19. A companion was wounded. (WPD 7/2) July 7: Naw Bu Shwe, 35, was killed by a KNU mine near Myitta Ward, Kyaukkyi Township [Pegu] while gathering durians, and Naw Ceila, 43, was injured. (WPD 7/8) Insurgents Surrender July 5: Seventeen insurgents surrendered, with their arms, between June 1-15. (WPD 7/6) // July 6: Nineteen surrendered between June 18-26. (WPD 7/7) [names and details given.] KNU Mauls Mon Insurgents July 11: KNU insurgents on June 28 attacked Mon insurgents at Waithali village, Kya-in-seikkyi Township [Karen]. On June 29 they killed four Mon insurgents on a boat from Chaungzon, Kya-in-seikkyi Township. On June 30 they attacked Mon insurgents at Monzu, Pharpya village, Kya-in-seikkyi Township, killing five, and burning 40 houses. (WPD 7/12) // July 15: Mon and KNU insurgents continue to battle for turf. On June 24, KNU and Mon insurgents clashed at Wetsutphyu village, Ye Township [Mon], killing two and wounding one KNU insurgents as well as two villagers and a nun. On July 25, KNU insurgents led by Tazay attacked a Mon toll-gate camp, killing three Mon insurgents and capturing three firearms and Ky 200,000. Also on July 25, KNU insurgents ambushed Mon insurgents in Lakhahu village, Thanbyuzayat Township [Mon], killing one Mon insurgent and wounding another, and capturing a large-calibre weapon. (WPD 7/16) ECONOMIC Profiteers Denounced July 3: The Rangoon Division Party Regional Committee met with registered rice wholesalers and major traders in fish, meat and essential kitchen commodities. Chairman U Ye Win warned them that "if the private traders do business with avarice and greed there can be no justice and if they become extreme in selfishness they shall suffer the results of their greed." He said that the "exhorbitant soaring of prices after crops had been decontrolled" was the "sole responsibility" of persons who had spread false reports about price rises. When the State was distributing rice the price varied between Ky 2.10 and Ky 5.0 per pyi, and afterwards it rose to from Ky 7 to Ky 15 per pyi. Similarly, the price of ngasein rose from Ky 2.10 per pyi to Ky 7; emahta from Ky 3 to Ky 9; meedon rice from Ky 3.50 to Ky 10; and ngakywe rice from Ky 5 to about Ky 15. At harvest time the purchase price for paddy by private dealers was from Ky 1,500-2,000 per 100 baskets, which after costs for purchase, milling, storage and reasonable profit should allow them to sell fro from Ky 3-3.50 per pyi at the lowest to Ky 5-6 per pyi at the highest. Similarly, the price of fish, meat and prawns has risen about Ky 10-15 per viss since Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code [the curfew] was invoked. The wholesale price of fish and prawns at Keighley Market has risen, and hence the retail price has risen as much as 1 1/2 times. Similarly, the price of meat, such as pork, beef, and mutton, has risen about Ky 10, and edible oil from Ky 60-70. "The rise of price of edible oil at a rate of Ky 10 per viss is a vivid indication of the lack of fairness and justice between seller and consumer." Chairman of the Rangoon Division People's Council U Kyaw Thein then noted that 448 persons had registered as rice wholesalers in the Division, of whom 234 were from the Rangoon City Development Committee area. He said the State was distributing meat, fish, and livestock and kitchen items to consumers in Rangoon, under a project launched on Jan. 1, 1986 by the Ministry of Cooperatives. "Though successful, the project could not satisfy consumer demand." At the same time, "the big traders had been manipulating the market and creating situations to destabilize the price. As a result the people had to suffer exhorbitant prices." (WPD 7/4) Fingerlings on Sale July 12: Beginning July 15, the Fisheries Department will sell ngamyitchin fingerlings to fish breeders at Ky 10 per 100 at a variety of breeding stations. (WPD 7/13) Car Purchases July 14: Citizens who have earned foreign exchange legally may purchase vehicles from the Vehicle and Machinery Stores Trade Corporation with foreign exchange. Cars are to be shown at the Corporation's workshop at 23 Signal Pagoda Road, and at its Shop No. 2 at 190/ 194 Pansodan Street. (WPD 7/15) Rice Mill Parts July 17: The Agricultural and Farm Produce Trade Corporation now manufactures rubber and abrasive rollers used in rice processing, in its spare parts factory. The factory was built in Setsan Ward, Mingala Taungnyunt Township, Rangoon, in 1982-83, and now produces 600 ten-inch rubber rollers and 120 abrasive rollers per month, as well as other rice mill parts. (WPD 7/18) Roadside Stall Permits July 25: The Rangoon City Development Committee will issue permits for opening roadside stalls and residential shops, in order to systematically supervise them. The objective is to recover taxes for the State. According to the list, there are 9l9 shops in Botataung; 1,887 in Pazundaung; 1,585 in Kyauktada; 2,976 in Pabedan; 1,473 in Latha and 1,167 in Lanmadaw. (WPD 7/26) Rainfall in Rangoon Rainfall since January 1, 1988, in inches, at Rangoon's three weather stations of Rangoon Airport (RA), Kaba-Aye (KA), and Central Rangoon (CR) was: As of RA KA CR July 1 30.00 33.58 37.17 July 15 35.94 41.18 46.42 July 31 49.68 54.49 62.52 HEALTH Indigenous Medicine Praised July 7: "We ought to provide people with greater knowledge regarding indigenous medicine." From 1962-69, 7,500 indigenous medicine practitioners passed the examinations, adding to the existing 3,900 veteran practitioners. In 1976, the Institute of Indigenous Medicine in Mandalay was opened, and admits 50 trainees each year to a three-year course. To provide basic knowledge of indigenous medicine, the State has conducted training courses, 97 of which were held from 1976-86 in 55 townships, attended by over 17,000 persons. (WPD editorial 7/7) CULTURAL Konbaung Period Writers July 4: In the twenty-first in his series on Konbaung Period Writers Aung Moe discusses "Writers in the language of the gods." He describes how "star" writers like Singu's Queen Shin Minn and the Lord of Myawaddi U Sa developed the art of song writing "and perhaps developed the art of singing into the art of playing the songs on musical instruments." Thus was born "a new culture--the musical culture--that apparently became immensely popular--a craze--among the rich and poor, the young and the old." Burmese had always sung. But by Bodawpaya's time, the poems had become "compositions that could be reproduced on musical instruments such as the saing-waing or drum set, kye-waing or brass-gong set, saung or harp, hne or oboe, taraw or violin and megyaung or guitar. Saing-waings or full orchestras became "permanent fixtures of royal establishments." From them, the love of singing spread to all classes. "We owe our thanks to poets like Padetha Raza, Shin Minn and U Sa...and especially to U Sa whose patyos, yodayas, bwes and the-chin-khans never fail even now to beguile us for half an hour every Wednesday evening via the radio and TV. (WPD 7/4) July 11: The twenty-second article is entitled "The Prince of Mekhra," and concerns writers during the reigns of Kings Bagyidaw (1819-37) and Tharrawaddy (1837-46). The Prince of Mekhra was one of King Bodawpaya's 61 sons, born Maung Pyoe to the Second Northern Queen in 1791. His Royal title was Minre Kyaw Swa. As a young man he studied English from the English merchant Mr. Rogers in Amarapura, using American missionary Adoniram Judson's Burmese translation of the Bible. Between 1830-35 he compiled the first English-Burmese dictionary. Despite the recommendations of British Agent Burney, the Indian Government in Calcutta refused to print it, but promised to buy 100 copies at 50 rupees each. The dictionary was eventually printed in Calcutta in 1841, and is said to have included 460 pages. The Mekhra Prince went on to mediate the succession of King Tharrawaddy in 1846, and died in 1848 at the age of 57. (WPD 7/11) July 18: The twenty-third article is entitled "Atwinwun U Chain to Lady Khin Sone," and discusses five 19th century writers. U Chain was born in Monywa in 1796, and studied under the Monywe Zetawun Sayadaw, and became a Herald in King Bagyidaw's court. He was a scholar of the Pali, Maghda and Burmese languages, and his major work, the "Wawhara Linatta Dipani," explains the original and correct meanings of the Burmese vocabulary. He also wrote an introduction to an earlier Maghdan dictionary, entitled the "Abhidhamma Withawdani", and a collection of ghost stories called the "Tizzatta Dipani." He became Atwinwun royal secretary in charge of the navy under King Mindon, and died in 1855 at the age of 59. U Shoon, born in Ava and tutor to Prince Bagyidaw, was a composer of traditional pyos and e-chins, including the "Maha Thuta Thawma Pyo" and the "Ommar Danti Pyo" used as texts in modern Burmese schools. He was a guards officer in the first Anglo-Burmese War and later Commander at Pagan. His last work, in 1849, was the "Dhamma Daza Pyo," and he died soon after. U Shwe Chi composed many poems during King Bagyidaw's reign, including the "Aketti Pyo", "Abhiruka Pyo", "Kalainga Bodhi Pyo", "Sanda Keinnari Pyo", "Deva Dhamma Pyo", "Maha Paduma Pyo", "Maha Dhamma Pala Pyo", "Beikman Ratna Monastery Mawgun", and the "Maha Weyan Bontha Monastery Mawgun." U Shwe Chi was keeper of the Royal Seal under King Bagyidaw at the age of 21, a position inherited from his father U Aye Maung. In 1826 he was appointed Narkhandawgyi recorder of the Golden Hluttaw. He died in King Mindon's reign. U San Tu (or U San Thu) was an expert hmar-dan letter writer, the best known being the Shwe Nan Bwe Hmar-dan. These were mainly love letters, though communications between the Byetaik and the Hluttaw were also called hmar-dans. He also wrote many tay-htat songs. Mingyi Gadaw Khin Sone was the daughter of Mwede Wun, and married Shwe Hlan Bo, an Officer of the Golden Lancers of King Bagyidaw. She composed songs of many sorts, and survived her husband by many years. (WPD 7/18) July 22: The twenty-fourth in Aung Moe's series is titled "The U Mins and U Si." U Min was born in 1800 in Ngarane village, north of Shwebo, as Maung San Shwin, and married Ma Khet of the same village, composed many songs for several kings, and died in 1871, aged 71. Another U Min is supposed to have been born in 1774 in Nwamaran village, Shwedaung Township, and died in 1847 at the age of 73. Were they the same person? Another U Min was born in Yewe village in 1798, served as a court bard, and complained that his works were ascribed to the first (?) U Min. He became known as Pho Thudaw U Min because he was for a time a lay sabbath-keeper; he died in 1848. U Si was a court bard who began service under King Bagyidaw, and is best known for his bongyi-than composed for King Mindon in 1858, singing the glories of the Ratna Nadi river, the Aung Pinle lake, the Mandalay Hill, the Mingala gardens, and the Kuthodaw pagoda. (WPD 7/22) Religious Exam Results July 20: In the 1988 Dhammacariya examinations, 160 monks passed through three treatises; 224 through two treatises; and 327 through one treatise. In the Pathamabyan examinations, 957 monks passed the Pathamagyi; 1139 passed the Pathamalat; and 3711 passed the Pathamange. (WPD 7/21) SPORTS Letter to Editor July 9: "Sir,...I feel that the Weekly Sports Reel in the English programmes which appears every Thursday from 9.30 pm to 9.45 pm smells of last year's cheese, left out in the rain.... We cannot afford to lag behind other sportscasters from other places, in Asia.... I feel it is time that the marching prelude and the Weekly Sports Reel be improved. Yours etc. Ukulele Ike Rangoon, 7 July" (WPD 7/9) Malaysian Masters July 9: Burma's Kyi Hla Han took the lead in the first two rounds of the US$ 150,000 Malaysian Open Masters Golf Championship at the Royal Selangor Golf Course. (WPD 7/11) // July 10: He fell to third place in the third round. His scores in the three rounds were 67-69-73 for a total of 209. (WPD 7/12) MISCELLANEOUS Crime News July 7: Pa-an Township Police on July 5 seized two "con-women" for cheating one U Kyaw Khaing out of Ky 150,000, by promising him low-cost contraband goods that were never delivered. (WPD 7/18) July 10: Sagaing and Railway Police on June 28 seized nine packets of heroin weighing 1.12 kilos, hidden in biscuit boxes, from Ma Nang Twe from Namphatka village, Kutkai Township [Shan] and Kyaw Nyein from Kyunbintha Ward, Myitkyina [Kachin] at the Ywahtaung railway station. They were on the Myitkyina-Up train. [photo] (WPD 7/11) July 11: Railway Police on July 4 seized four packets of heroin weighing 1.8 kilos from Yinsu, of Namphatka village, Kutkai Township [Shan] on the Mandalay-Myitkyina train. [photo] (WPD 7/12) Obituaries [July 2: Dr. Maung Maung Gyi, of Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, a charter subscriber to the Burma Press Summary. We extend our deepest sympathy. HCMacD.] July 2: U Ni, father of Dr. Than Than Nyein and Daw Yin Yin Waing (Col. San Aung), died in Rangoon, aged 81. (WPD 7/3) July 3: Daw Nyunt Tin, (Henzada), mother of Daw Saw Yi and U Maung Maung Gyi, died at No. 4 Myazabe Road, ward 8, Mayangone Township, Rangoon, aged 82. (WPD 7/4) July 5: Mother Magdelene, former mother-superior of St. Anne's Convent, Taunggyi, died at St. Joseph Convent, Toungoo, aged 77. (WPD 7/7) July 7: U Kyaw Aye, VOA [Voice of America], husband of Daw Yee Yee Aye, died in Arlington, Virginia, USA, aged 69. (WPD 7/9) [July 15: Mr. David M. Key, American Ambassador to Burma from 1950-52, died in Lake Wales, Florida, USA, aged 88. HCMacD.] July 22: State Ovadacariya Bhaddanta Nandisenabhivamsa (Abhidhaja Maha Ratha Guru) Maha Thera, vassa 69, leading Nakaka of the Maha Nandisenarama Taik in Mandalay South-East Township, Mandalay, died at the age of 89. (WPD 7/24) July 22: State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Bhaddanta Pandita (Agga Maha Pandita) Maha Thera, leading Nayaka of the Weluwun Kyaungtaik, Minhla, Pegu Division, vassa 77, died at the age of 96. (WPD 7/25) July 24: State Ovadacariya Sayadaw Bhaddanta Indacara Maha Thera, leading Nayaka of the Maha Ledi Kyaungtaik, Chauk, Magwe Division, vassa 68, died at the age of 88. (WPD 7/25) July 25 (?): U San Win (Natogyi), Kyodo News, husband of Daw Chit Chit, died in Rangoon General Hospital, aged 67. (WPD 7/26) Aung San's Family July 1 & 9: Daw Aung San Su Kyi offered soon to members of the Sangha in dedication to her father, National Leader Bogyoke Aung San, under arrangements made by his widow Daw Khin Kyi, "who is undergoing medical treatment at the new Rangoon General Hospital. (WPD 7/10) // July 13: Daw Khin Kyi was released from Hospital, after recovering from the ischaemic heart disease and chronic renal failure that had hospitalized her since March 30. She will receive continued medical treatment at home. (WPD 7/14) Marriage June [sic] 18: Dr. Htway Htway Sein (M.B.B.S.) CAS (West Rangoon General Hospital), daughter of U Thaung Sein and Daw Mya Oh, married Maung Hla Min Oo (Tomoe Shipping Co., Singapore), son of U Tha Doe (Deputy Director General Prison Department) and Daw Phyu Phyu, in Rangoon. (WPD 7/23) +-+-+-+-+ TO SUBSCRIBE Write to Hugh C. MacDougall, 32 Elm Street, Cooperstown, NY 13326. Annual Subscriptions: U.S. (Individuals)- US$30.00 U.S. (Institutions)- US$40.00 Foreign- US$40.00 (by airmail) Additional charge for US$ check on foreign bank-$4.00 NOTE: Checks should be payable to: Hugh C. MacDougall. Please indicate the monthly issue with which you wish your subscription to begin (available back to April 1987).