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Endnotes - Historical and Political Background


1. Source: Human Rights Situations That Require the Council’s Attention, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Tomas Ojea Quintana, on the implementation of Council resolutions S-5/1 and 6/33* Eighth Session Agenda item 4, 3 June 2008:2.

2. Source: The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Stathis N Kalyvas, March 2000:6. Accessed online at: www.nd.edu/~cmendoz1/datos/papers/kalyvas.pdf.

3. Source: Ibid.

4. Source: “Insurgency and State Disintegration, 1948-50,” Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, Mary Callahan, Cornell University Press: New York, 2004:135.

5. Source: “The Rangoon Government (1948-1949),” Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948, Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books: Chiang Mai, 1999:6.

6. Source: “International Reactions to a Reclusive State,” Burma: The State of Myanmar, David Steinberg,Georgetown University Press: Washington DC, 2002:26. 

7. Source: “Military Intelligence,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:101.

8. Source: “Warriors as State Builders, 1953-62,” Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, Mary Callahan, Cornell University Press: New York, 2004:176.

9. Source: Ibid:180.

10. Source:  “On Warps and Warped Time: Lessons from Burma’s ‘Democratic Era’,” Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future, Mary Callahan, Ed. Robert Rothberg Brookings Institution Press: Washington DC, 1998:54.

11. Source: “Military Intelligence,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:102.

12. Sources: “Military Intelligence,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:89; “Warriors as State Builders, 1953-62,” Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, Mary Callahan, Cornell University Press: New York, 2004:183.

13. Source:  “Retreat to the Jungle (1955-62),” Burma in Revolt, Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books: Chiang Mai, 2002:174.

14. Source: “The Collapse of Parliamentary Democracy: Ne Win Seizes Power,” Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity, Martin Smith, Zed Books: Wiltshire, 1993:171.

15. Source: “Warriors as State Builders, 1953-62,” Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, Mary Callahan, Cornell University Press: New York, 2004:190.

16. Source: “Military Intelligence,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:102.

17. Source: The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Stathis N Kalyvas, March 2000:3. Accessed online at: www.nd.edu/~cmendoz1/datos/papers/kalyvas.pdf.

18. Source:  “Retreat to the Jungle (1955-62),” Burma in Revolt, Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books: Chiang Mai, 2002:199.

19. Source: “The Historical Roots of Military Rule,” The Disorder in Order: The Army-State in Burma since 1962, Donald M Seekins,White Lotus: Bangkok, 2002:34.

20. Source:  “Retreat to the Jungle (1955-62),” Burma in Revolt, Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books: Chiang Mai, 2002:204.

21. Source: “The Kleptocrats,” Burma: The Curse of Independence, Shelby Tucker, Pluto Press: London, 2002:190.

22.  Source: “The North-East Command and the Four Cuts,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:203.

23. Source: “Recruitment, Training and Doctrine,”Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:90.

24. Source: “The Historical Roots of Military Rule,” The Disorder in Order: The Army-State in Burma since 1962, Donald M Seekins,White Lotus: Bangkok, 2002:93.

25. Source: “Warriors as State Builders, 1953-62,” Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, Mary Callahan, Cornell University Press: New York, 2004:192.

26. Source: “Recruitment, Training and Doctrine,”Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:90.

27. Source: The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Stathis N Kalyvas, March 2000:6. Accessed online at: www.nd.edu/~cmendoz1/datos/papers/kalyvas.pdf.

28. Source: “The North-East Command and the Four Cuts,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:203.

29. Source: “The Burma Army,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:159.

30. Source: “Recruitment, Training and Doctrine,”Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:88.

31. The National Archives, Kew, London: FO 643/56/1 Burma Office, Burma Secretariat and Foreign Office, Embassy, Rangoon, Burma: General Correspondence:1.

32. Source:  “The Communist Juggernaut (1968-78),” Burma in Revolt, Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books: Chiang Mai, 2002:258.

33. Source: “The Ne Win Years, 1962–88,” Living Silence: Burma under Military Rule, Christina Fink, Zed Books: London, 2001:34. 

34. Source: “Burma’s Intelligence Apparatus,” Journal of Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 13, No. 4, Andrew Selth, 1998: 33-70.

35. Source:  “Guns, Drugs and Ethnic Resistance (1976-87),” Burma in Revolt, Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books: Chiang Mai, 2002:316.

36. Source:  Ibid:330.

37. Source: “The Burma Army,” Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory, Andrew Selth, Eastbridge: Norwalk, 2002:164.

38. Source: “Communities: Going with the Flow,” Living Silence: Burma under Military Rule, Christina Fink, Zed Books: London, 2001:185.

39. Source: “Burma and the Threat of Invasion: Regime Fantasy or Strategic Reality?,” Regional Outlook Paper No. 17, Andrew Selth, Griffith Asia Institute, 2008.

40. Source: “Military Rule Continues,” Living Silence: Burma under Military Rule, Christina Fink, Zed Books: London, 2001:82.

41. Source: Ethnic Groups in Burma: Development, Democracy and Human Rights, Martin Smith, Anti Slavery International, 1994:52. 

42. Source: Ibid:40.

43. Source: “Deprivation of Livelihoods,” in Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006, HRDU, 24 June 2007.

44. Source: Bullets in the Alms Bowl: An analysis of the brutal SPDC suppression of the September 2007 Saffron Revolution, HRDU, 10 March 2008.

45. Source: Ibid.

46. Source: Ibid.

47. Source: Ibid.

48. Source: Ibid.

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