BURMA PRESS SUMMARY
From the Rangoon "Working People's Daily"
Compiled for the Burma Studies Group by Hugh C. MacDougall
Published by the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, University of
Illinois
Vol. VI, No. 7, July 1992
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NATIONAL
CONVENTION
Second Day Co-ordination Session
Chairman's Speech
Proposals by Political Parties
National League for Democracy
Shan National League for Democracy.
National Unity Party
Other Parties
Third Day Co-ordination Session
Chairman's Opening Speech
Party Discussions
Secretary Reviews Proposals
Closing Speech by Chairman
NATIONAL CONVENTION
Second
Day Co-ordination Session
June 30: The Co-ordination Meeting for the
Convening of the National Convention, which held its first session on June 23,
met again. Following a speech by Steering Committee Chairman Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt, leaders of the eight political parties,
and an independent Representative, made presentations. The meeting then
adjourned until July 10.
Chairman's
Speech
In his speech, Maj-Gen.
Myo Nyunt said [text]:
"May all your hearts be filled with
peace and happiness! Thus I greet with 'Metta' all members of the Steering Committee and the
Representatives of the Political Parties who are today attending the second day
session of the Co-ordination Meeting for the convening of the National
Convention.
"With the objective of convening a
National Convention, I, on 23 June 1992, discussed in detail and solicited
suggestions on the number of delegates from the various classes and strata who
should be allowed to attend it.
"On this second day session, we hope
that the elected representatives of the political parties as well as elected
independent candidates will come forward with good and worthwhile proposals
which would be conducive to the success of the National Convention without
dwelling too much upon personal wishes and desires.
"This is because excessive bias leads to
excessive Viriya (Diligence) and this in turn leads
to Uddhacca (Restlessness). This, I am afraid, may
result in failure to hit upon the truth. It is said that Sadi
(Mindfulness), Panna (Wisdom), Saddha
(Confidence), and Viriya should be balanced and be in
harmony. I am saying this at this junction for all of us to embrace what Ashin Ananda practised and
mentioned in the first Mahasingitikakatha of Parajikaathakatha (Buddhist Text).
"There is the case of the Most Reverend Ashin Anada [sic], who, being too
obsessed in his attempt to become an Arahat was
unable to acheive his objective even though he
meditated the entire night; it was only when dawn was about to break that his
obsession weakened to the point where his concentration was liberated and he
was suddenly able to achieve insight just at the moment when he was about to
lie down to rest. It was then that he became an Arahat.
With this analogy in mind I urge all representatives attending the
Co-ordination Meeting for convening the National Convention to submit proposals
for the well-being of the entire nation keeping in mind the three main national
causes of Non-disintegration of the
Proposals
by Political Parties
Steering Committee Maj-Gen.
Myo Nyunt's June 30 speech at the Second Session was
followed by prepared presentations from the Party leaders present [major
excerpts]:
National
League for Democracy
U Aung Shwe (National League for Democracy)
[full text]:
"Esteemed Chairman,
"With the permission of the Chairman, I
will discuss points that the National League for Democracy has to present.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"The National League for Democracy
wishes good health for the Chairman of the meeting, members of the Steering
Committee, elected Representatives of political parties such as the Shan
Nationalities League for Democracy, National Unity Party, Union Paoh National Organization, Mro
or Khami National Solidarity Organization, Shan State
Kokang Democratic Party, Lahu
National Development Party and the elected independent Representative present
at this Co-ordination Committee Meeting.
"The present meeting is the one that
lays the foundation for the emergence of a constitution in accordance with the
slogan - Emergence of the State Constitution is the duty of all citizens of
Myanmar Naing-Ngan - and with the Noble Desire of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council expressing the wish to retransfer State power to the
people, in whom it was initially vested, through democratic means within the shortest
time possible. So, the discussions are of special significance beneficial to
the people and national racial groups and to democracy. The National League for
Democracy being an organization formed for the national cause...views and
suggestions of the National League for Democracy will be discussed here
sincerely and frankly with seriousness.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We attentively listened to the opening
address of the meeting Chairman. We have studies some of the points in the
address. He said that the Co-ordination Meeting was meant to open the door
towards measures to be taken for convening a National Convention to lay down
basic principles for the purpose of framing a firm Constitution essential for
the emergence of a multi-party democracy system within the nation, that the
constitution should be acceptable to the national people, that priority was to
be given to national interest over party interest, as priority was given to
party interest over personal interest, in discussing the framing of a firm constitution
by establishing a national reconciliation for the future of the country and
that the discussions should be constructive. The Meeting Chairman also spoke of
the need for the political parties to work hand in hand with confidence with
the State Law and Order Restoration Council till a national reconciliation is
established and a firm constitution is adopted, with this in mind and with
complete trust in one another, the national cause would be accomplished.
"With the growing awareness on national
politics, the entire mass of the national people residing in Myanmar Naing-Ngan
value and appreciate the national sovereignty they possess. This they have
expressed most explicitly. They want to take hold of it. What is more, they are
eager to have the right to make systematic use of it in the practical field.
Food, clothing and shelter are the basic needs for every human being for his
continued existence. Each and every person longs for enjoying these basic needs
with dignity, pride and honour. With great expectations,
they are waiting for the betterment of the political life, economic life and
social relations related to those needs. In fact, these requirements could
exist in the human society firmly. And they do exist. However, there could be
shortcomings, if they are not in the interest of the people. So, changes are to
be made. And we are responsible for making such changes objectively, bravely
and correctly. In this connection, the social system is the main driving force
to meet those needs. This Co-ordination Meeting is therefore the one which
initiates to fulfil those needs. This meeting,
indeed, is one which will try to work for the welfare of the families residing
in the country through collective efforts. The National League for Democracy
therefore appreciates the Co-ordination Meeting very much.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"Those who are keeping watch on various
situations include not only us who are attending this coordination meeting
important for the country but also all nationals in entirety and other Pyithu
Hluttaw Representatives. In this present world, a nation, though it may not be
directly concerned with others, cannot stay aloof. It has to cooperate with
other nations for matters of mutual interests. Myanmar Naing-Ngan is a nation
that has adopted an independent and active foreign policy in accordance with
the five principles of the Bandung Conference, and is
a member of the United Nations.
"What we want to say is the nations of
the world that are involved in one way or another with our country for bilateral
matters will certainly be waiting for the outcome from the situations in this
country.
"What lies before the current
co-ordination meeting is not the future of Myanmar Naing-Ngan alone but it also
concerns programmes to be laid down for our relations
in the family of the world nations.
"Today, we can see problems arising in
some nations of Easter Europe which at one time followed Communism and the
one-party system. Their people today are confronted with all kinds of evils.
Destruction of lives as well as goods and materials, the nations too are being
split apart. We can see all this and we must draw lessons from their
experience.
"That is why we must constantly swear allegience to the nation and to the people and we must be
faithful in all aspects and carry out our responsibilities conscientiously.
What is more we have vowed that we would work hand in hand with those people
who are desirous of establishing a democratic state on the basis of a
democratic constitution as well as market-oriented economy.
This is a short gists [sic]
of ideals and convictions of our League. After this we will submit our
proposals concerning future programmes for the
convening of a National Convention. The most important point to be discussed
for the holding of the Convention is which national racial groups and which
citizens under what law are to be invited. A National Convention concerns the
entire nationals to entity [sic]. This being so, it is particularly necessary
that the representatives should be courageous and honest and full of integrity
in promoting the welfare of the entire nation and the people. There should not
arise any instinct which is likely to lead [to] misunderstandings for one
reason or another. There have been many bitter experiences in the past. lessons should be drawn from these experiences. And all
national racial groups without exception should adopt with noble dedication a
desire to always exist together through weal and woe and furthermore, to work
hand in hand in consultation and discussion to find the right
answer. The expression to live forever without letting go overhands
[sic] has become more or less cliche; and for this
reason we do not believe that it expresses the true spirit. Born on the same
land, drinking the same water, all the national races and national racial
groups are all members of the family of Myanmar Naing-Ngan. Whatever dialogue
there is should be in the nature of frank and open consultations and coordinations for the welfare of the entire family.
"What remains to be done is to seek fair
and just answer acceptable to all to live together in harmony and unity.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"With these objectives in mind we shall
propose those delegates who should be invited to the National Convention. In
considering the matter of 'Kwai Shan' of Mongyang delegates, we should allow only those
organizations who would constructively discuss the matters of national welfare
at the convention.
"We propose that two delegates each,
from each Central organization, and one delegate each from State/Division and
township organizations if they still exist should be invited. If we are to
submit our proposal regarding elected Representatives we wish to say that those
Hluttaw Representatives who have been elected have been so elected in
accordance with the Pyithu Hluttaw Election law by the electorate.
"In other countries the elections are
recognized as being free and fair. In this country, the election was dubbed as
being free and fair. For this reason, the country has gained considerable
prestige. What is more, Para 20 of the State Law and Order Restoration Council
Declaration No 1/90, clearly and unequivocally defines that the Representatives
who have been elected under present circumstances are vested with the responsibility
of drawing up a constitution for the future democratic State. For this reason,
we propose that all the Hluttaw Representatives who have been elected be chosen
as delegates to the National Convention.
"It is estimated that there remains
about 377 Hluttaw Representatives. Delegates who represent the national races
refer to those who represent the various national groups living within the
seven States and seven Divisions. We propose that if there is no nationalities
delegates in a constituency, two delegates from each township be chosen as nationalities delegates. If on the other hand a
Hluttaw representative has already been elected for that constituency he should
function both as a Hluttaw representatives and as delegate to the National
Convention.
"Another point is that there are some
towns within the seven divisions where a large number of national racial groups
live. We proposed that two delegates should be chosen for the National
Convention from each of such townships. If [the] Hluttaw Representative of that
constituency happens to belong to a national racial group, he should function
both as a Hluttaw Representative as well as nationality delegate to the
National Convention. When such nationalities delegates are chosen, they should
be individually acceptable to the respective national racial group. Regarding
the selection of Convention delegates to represent the peasantry it is to be
remembered that the peasantry represents about 80 per cent of the population
and that they are a class engaged in agriculture as livelihood. The entire
country is dependent upon the crops they grow. What is more, the national
economy itself is essentially an agroeconomy. Hence
we believe that it would be suitable to select as National Convention delegates
one from each township. If, however, the Pyithu Hluttaw Representative who has
been elected happens to be a peasant he should be designated both as Hluttaw
Representative and as a delegate to the National Convention.
"Regarding the selection of National
Convention delegates from among the workers, the majority of workers are mostly
civil servants serving in urban areas, and what is more, they are under the
supervision of the Ministry of Labour. That's why we believe it will be best
for the Ministry of Labour to do the needful in the selection of worker
delegates for the National Convention. We propose that roughly speaking about
30 worker delegates would be sufficient.
"Next, we propose a number of delegates
from among intelligentsia and technocrats.
"Today there are a number of
organizations such as for the doctors, for the dental surgeons, for the
literary workers, for the movie artistes, for the music artistes, for the 'Thabin' artistes, for the lawyers, for the painting and
sculpture artistes, for the traditional medicine practitioners and for nurses
etc. etc. On the basis of such organizations, we propose that two delegates
from each be invited to the National Convention. Besides this, other
intelligentsia such [as] University professors should also be considered. We
may get a lot of good ideas conducive to the welfare of the nation from such
people. That is why professors from all universities or heads of department,
including those who are retired, and also medical
specialists should all be invited; this is our proposal.
"In addition to this, there are also
people who do not belong to mass organizations; these may constitute senior
teachers both male and female from high schools, universities and colleges,
engineers, doctors, veterinary surgeons, scientists and well-known writers and
authors. We propose that such people should also be chosen as delegates for the
National Convention. We propose that about 50 delegates from this category be
chosen.
"Next, we wish to propose the following
regarding the selection of government servants as delegates. We believe that
selection made on the basis of the governmental ministries, Supreme Court,
Central Law Office, Auditor-General's Office would be the most appropriate.
However, not all ministries are the same, there may be slight differences. In
the defence Ministry, the Infantry, the Navy and the Air Force, the Defence
Service units are also widely dispersed throughout the country and the Commands
and the Divisions are carrying out national duty. There are also such organizations
as the People's Police under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Including these
organizations of such disparity and other Ministries and offices, we propose
that the number of 'Wundan' (government servants)
delegates to the National Convention should roughly be about 200.
"There are also other individuals who
ought to be invited to the National Convention. Categorically, this should
include veteran Tatmadawmen who have participated and
striven in Myanmar Naing-Ngan's struggle for
Independence; such individuals from State organizations; individuals of
experience in know-how in the fields of politics, economics, administration,
international relations, education and other affairs; members of the Thirty
Comrades; those who had participated in the Panglong
Conference; individuals who are capable of providing good and worthy ideas and
suggestions for the welfare of the nation; individuals who had once led the
nation; individuals who had been prominent in the political history of Myanmar;
individuals who had participated in either laying down the principles for the
drawing of 1947 and 1974 Constitutions or in the framing of the two
constitutions; and prominent individuals who had gained the confidence of the
people in their respective regions. We propose that about 50 delegates in this
category ought to be chosen as delegates to the National Convention.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"Everything should turn out smoothly in
selecting delegates to the National Convention today. Specially, goodwill must
be shown in order that we may tread the future path unhindered. Therefore, I
suggest all organizations concerned, including State organization, should
discuss and coordinate matters with one another positively.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"For a nation to have a secure future,
there should be such objectives as non-disintegration of the
"Then, students past 18 years must also
be taken into consideration. Because they can gain experience in national
politics, because it could be a form of training in national politics, because
they are capable of taking part in the discussions at the Convention, we
suggest about 30 of them should be selected as delegates.
"Moreover, those from War Veterans
Organization should also be invited, because they not only took part in the
Anti-Colonial Resistance, the Anti-Fascist Resistance and the National
Liberation Struggle but also took the forefront, sacrificing their lives in
national construction, national unity and national defence duties. Therefore,
we suggest inviting five of their representatives to attend.
"Then, there are women and youths. We
would like to put those between 21 and 30 years as youths. Their representation
should be separately considered, because women are fully capable of taking part
in national politics and youths who are going to shoulder national responsibilities
in various capacities can emerge all-round development and undertaking of
national security by all [sic]. For obtaining these objectives, such principles
as national unity, frank and honest dealings and mutual respect and nation
reconsolidation for the successful holding of the National Convention and the
successful establishment of a new democratic state, use of peaceful process,
general harmony free [from ??] prejudice, mutual regard, mutual cooperation,
and mutual understanding are essential. If these principles are upheld and if
all nationals adhere to the saying unity is strength, and live in harmony and
peace, work together, the nation will thrive as a democratic state, the public
will prosper, and all will inevitably be able to enjoy better living standards.
Every citizen, every national group is imbued with national awareness. In
contemporary history in
"Then, all citizens are aware of
geopolitics. Therefore, if all concerned work with the noble spirit of goodwill
for the benefit of the nation, if all citizens regardless of race, religion, walth, poverty, or occupation make positive contributions,
the market economy system entwined with democracy which we cherish will
actually emerge and all will be able to enjoy the benefits of development.
"From the holding of the Co-ordination
Meeting to the holding of the National Convention and the writing of the State
Constitution are of great importance to the nation.
"However, in seeking a solution, it is
necessary that one's conviction does not harm any part of another's and
vice-versa, and due goodwill, understanding and regard are forthcoming.
Specially, because we are all nationals of various racial stock
born in this single nation, a proper solution will be found if we work for the
materialization of the firm conviction.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We are embarked on the initial step for
national stability and for the mental and physical wellbeing of all nationals.
It is essential that opportunities are required specially
for the creation of pleasant and clean conditions, for future national
politics, and for all citizens including us. In conclusion, we would like to
urge you to make necessary preparations in consonance with the peaceful national
situation to make such opportunities possible."
Shan Nat'l League for Demo.
U Hkun Tun Oo (Shan Nationalities League for Democracy) said
[major excerpts]:
"The following three points...in the
speech of the Chairman...are of prime importance:...(a)
The reconstruction of national solidarity...; (b) Holding the National
Convention on the basis of national consolidation; and (c) Approving basic
principles by the National Convention for framing a firm constitution....
"What I would like to propose now is for
approving a National Objective for holding the National Convention....:
'Framing a firm constitution and constructing national unity, based on national
reunification'....
"We would like to propose...that scrutinization be made so that the
delegates who truly represent the entire peoples attend the forthcoming
National Convention.... There are two essential points.
"The first point is there exist strata of people in our country. If we are to elect
representatives from these all strata [sic], there must primarily be
organizations that have been formed such as political parties, mass and class
organizations, workers Thamaggas, personnel Thamaggas, organizations of national races, organizations
of youths students and women, that underscore the progress of life, and
technological and art organizations....
"Representatives of peasants cannot be
scrutinized without any of the organizations that represent about 30 million of
peasants. The same applies to workers that numbers about three million....
Systematic scrutinization for representation to the
National Convention cannot be made without any of the organizations from other
strata of people. This is an essential point.
"The second point is that there have
still been armed movements in this country since independence was regained.
"Although it has become less in number
of them owing to the efforts of the successive governments, there are still
some with their own strength, their people and their respective areas. This is
an indication of the collapse of national unity in the political trend. At
present, military offensives in some regions have been unilaterally suspended
for national consolidation. A landmark has been set up in history with the
drawing of a new constitution, based on unity. This is the assumption of our
party that this problem should be resolved by some means or other for
successfully holding the National Convention....
"If we would discuss the number of
delegates to be invited to the National Convention:
(a) We propose that all the patrons and
Central Executive Committee members of the political parties that legally exist
should be invited;
(b) All legally standing Hluttaw
representatives should be invited as they all have been freely and fairly
elected by the entire nationals [sic].
(c) Concerning the representation of national
races, I suggest that scrutinization should be made
on the following three methods:
[1] As the first method, representatives for
the eight races should be selected in consultation with the respective races
and regional administrative authorities concerned as follows:
Kachin 15 or 10
Kayah 5 or 10
Kayin 15 or 10
Chin 10 or 10
Bamar 30 or 10
Mon 10 or 10
Rakhine 10 or 10
Shan 20 or 10
The estimated number of representatives of
the major eight races will be 115 or 80.
[2] As the second method, representatives of
national groups which are said to be 135 groups should be included in the
number of the said major national races and to be invigted
as the combined representation for each major national race.
[3] As the third method, the respective
national groups are to select the representatives of their own. That is,
national groups residing and living together in unity at different places are
to choose their own representatives. For instance, national groups such as Tainglai, Taingne and Taingkhamti residing in
Now I would like to present matters relating
to stipulating the number of
(d) representatives
of peasants,
(e) representatives
of workers,
(f) representatives
of intelligentsia and technocrats, and
(g) representatives
of public servants....
We notice that there include peasants,
workers, intelligentsia and technocrats among the elected representatives of
the Pyithu Hluttaw... elected by the entire public comprising the peasants,
workers, intelligentsia, technocrats and public servants .... Hence, it is hard
to stipulate the number of representatives as the basic principle is not
clearly known.
(h) In connection with the number of other
representatives...our suggestion is that the number should not be stipulated
but basic points for those to be invited should only be prescribed....[to]
include:
(a) members of the
Thirty Comrades of the Independence Struggle and prominent resistance leaders,
(b) signatories of
the historic Panglong Agreement,
(c) advisers to the
drafting of the 1947 Constitution,
(d) delegates who
attended the National Conference held in Taunggyi in
1961,
(e) members of the
33-member Advisory Body,
(f) Cabinet members of the successive
governments of the Myanmar Naing-Ngan,
(g) members of the
Council of State,
(h) members of the
State Law and Order Restoration Council, and
(i) prominent leaders as desired by the public....
"As stated above it should be extensive
and profound to be in accord with the prestigious National Convention. It is
necessary for all the brethren of the country to discuss in unity, ways and
means for national development. We have no objection to any political or
military organizations which the present government wishes to invite for
internal peace, national solidarity and national reconciliation which it is for
the peace, solidarity and national reconciliation.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We would like to ask points which are
not clear to us and those which we would like to know. Will there be the right
to discuss freely and publish freely at the National Convention?
"Will there be
any announcement stating that there will be no suits, no action and no
investigations in connection with discussions and publications during the
National Convention?
"We would like to know how the decision
is to be made on the agreement based on the discussion of the Convention
delegates.
"We want you to clarify these points.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We would like to suggest that the
proceedings of the National Convention to be broadcast live on the radio and
television from the beginning to the end to keep the public informed of the
fact that the National Convention, as in the Pyithu Hluttaw election, is free
and fair ...."
National
Unity Party
U M Sin Sar
(National Unity Party) said [excerpts]:
"We welcome and endorse [the remarks of
Chairman Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt] .... In the course of
discussions, it is necessary to avoid dogmatism, stance of mutual distrust and
exploitation of one's weakness by another. Discussions should be in the spirit
of mutual trust, openness, honesty and friendliness.
"Moreover, the fact that the strength of
the nation lies within, and that discussions and seeking of solutions are best
only when there is not foreign intervention and no foreign influence and when
there is mutual understanding, must be unanimously accepted by all.
"Our National Unity Party has seriously
accepted the holding of the National Convention and the emergency of the new
Constitution as a national duty and we are making endeavours in the spirit of
duty.
"We are prepared to welcome differing
opinions and thoughts seriously and weigh them in the broader sense and discuss
them. We believe a correct solutiion will be obtained
if the national cause is placed forefront and patriotism forms the basis of
discussions....
"We believe the State Law and Order
Restoration Council (Tatmadaw) which has the innate historic tradition of
sacrificing life and limb for the interests of the nation and nationals
dutifully taking up national politics will also lend leadership in the task of
holding the National Convention.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"Next, I would like to present the
matter of invitees to the National Convention.... Special care needs to be
taken so that those who will hinder the national interest, those who head for
disintegration of the Union are not included. Specially, those under foreign
influence should not be included. For example, those prescribed under Section
10 of the Election Law and those convicted of treason should not be
included....
"Since basic classes such as peasants
and workers are specially included under those to be invited other than the
national peoples for the sake of national unity, the National Unity Party
seriously welcomes and endorses it.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"In considering the number of delegates,
the two extremes of inviting too many because too many would not achieve much
and inviting too frew because it would fall short of
extensive representation should be avoided. Since it is a Constitution which
will implement the multiparty democracy system, it is necessary to allow class
leaders who can explain concerning a democratic state which defends the basic
classes to fully attend....
"Everyone is aware that there exist
today 10 lawful political parties. It is found that from among the 10, seven
have their representatives selected and three not.
"Moreover, while there are among the 10,
parties which can organize and be active nationwide, thre
are also some who base their basic organization and movement on the region, a
section of the region or on a racial group.
"Here, instead of arguing which party is
better than which on the basis of organizational work, we would like to suggest
two major parties which are active on the national scale should be given equal
representation. For the remaining eight parties, we suggest due consideration
to proportional representation on the basis of their differences in
organization and activities.
"Hence, in precise numberical
terms regarding Political parties and organizations, the number of delegates
for example should be prescribed as about 50 for the National Unity Party and
the National League for Democracy, both of which have been formed nationwide,
and if the eight parties which have been formed according to racial categories
within specific regional or area limitations, are prescribed an overall total
of 50 delegates according to suitable ratios, we come up with a total of 150
delegates for all the political parties - that we feel would be a suitable
number of delegates to be prescribed.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We shall propose how the number of
elected representatives should be prescribed. This, we believe should be based
upon the ratio currently attending this Co-ordination meeting. This ratio
represents a very fair decision on the part of the Steering Committee. The
present ratio should be tripled for the Convention.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"I shall make further proposals
regarding the national races to be invited.... In order to make it possible for
the national races to be widely and extensively represented, proportional
representation on the basis of the populations of the major national races
including established leaders of the respective national races,
should be adopted.
"There should be four groups categorized
according to population.
[1] The first group which constitutes the Bamars with the largest population may be calculated at the
rate of one delegate for every 150,000 persons.
[2] The second group which comprises the Kayin, Rakhine and Shan national
races may be calculated at the rate of one delegate for every 75,000 persons.
[3] The third group which comprises Kachin, Chin and Mon national races may be calculated at
the rate of one delegate for every 50,000 persons.
[4] The fourth group which comprise
the Kayan national race may be calculated at the rate
of one delegate for every 25,000 persons.
"Similar suitable ratios should be used
to calculate the representation of the remaining national groups. The intention
is to expedite fair representation for those national racial groups having
relatively smaller populations. Hence, the number of delegates proposed is...[see table]:
Kachin 9
Chin 15
Bamar 150
Mon 17
Rakhine 21
Shan 40
Others 27
Total 315
"The peasantry
represent the largest single most important force in the country.
Population-wise there is known to be about eight million. That is why we
propose that the number of peasant delegates should be about 120....
"We understand that Civil servants or
State employees apply to all those who enjoy salaries or remuneration from the
State for services rendered. They may be roughly divided into Tatmadaw,
People's Police and Civil Servants. We also understand that the term workers in
general apply to all kinds of workers exclusive of those who are in State
employment; meaning workers employed at private mills and factories, hawkers
and vendors as well as piecerate workers. Hence...we
propose that there should be 40 delegates for workers and 100 delegates for
State employees made up of 40 delegates for the Tatmadaw, 20 delegates for the
People's Police Force and 40 delegates for Civil servants.
"As for intelligentsia and technocrats,
they have already been included in the parties, Hluttaw Representatives and
civil servants, and we believe that about 30 delegates would be sufficient to
represent their interests.
"Regarding others who ought to be
invited, we feel that if the Steering Committee does the needful, the problem
of prescribing how many should be invited to the National Convention would be
conveniently resolved. Summing it up, we wish to say that about 850 delegates
should attend the National Convention....
""We shall also carefully study and
weigh in all consideration the proposals submitted by other esteemed
Representatives, and if we find proposals of merit which would be conducive to
the realization of the objectives [of] the National Convention, we shall accept
and carry them out according to majority decision.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"In conclusion, we wish to submit a most
important point for consideration. An endeavour
carried out for the welfare of all nationals in entirety after multi-faceted
consideration ought to be successfully concluded in political significance.
"Hence just as the opinions of
representatives of all strata and classes and national racial groups are taken
into consideration in laying down basic principles for drawing a firm
Constitution, we propose in conclusion that the opinion of the people be
solicited in drawing up the Constitution on the basis of the principles laid
down at the National Convention and that a National Referendum also be
conducted after the Constitution had been drawn up."
Other Parties
Union Paoh National
Organization: Representative U San Hla said
[excerpts]:
"Co-ordinations were carried out only
with Shan, Chin and Kachin nationals at the Panglong Conference and there were no co-ordinations held
with Kayin, Kayah, Mon, Rakhine and other national races. I would like to suggest
that as the national races residing in Myanmar Naing-Ngan have become
politically awakened, it is necessary to solicit their opinion in the framing
of a firm Constitution and enacting it....
"Our discussions on the number of
delegates to the National Convention...are as follows:
(a) to invite from
five to seven delegates from each of the legally existing political parties;
(b) to invite
proportionally the delegates from the political parties that won in the General
Election;
(c) to invite from
one to five delegates from each of the national races;
(d) to invite from
five to ten delegates from the peasants State and Division-wise;
(e) to invite from
five to ten delegates from the workers Ministry-wise;
(f) to invite a
suitable number of delegates from the retired and in-service historians and law
experts;
(g) to invite a
suitable number of Tatmadaw officers in the level of the Light Infantry
Commander and the Command Commander and the retired Tatmadaw officers;
(h) to invite from
three to five delegates from each of the nationalities groups that have
returned to the legal fold;
(i) Other
personalities who should be invited to the National Convention are the persons
who are signatories to the Panglong Agreement,
persons who took part in the drawing up of the 1947 Constitution, and the
persons who served at the Minister level and above and the Ministers of States
in the period after the independence was gained...."
Mro or Khami National
Solidarity Organization: Representative U San Tha
Aung said [excerpts]:
"As I am the representative of the Mro or Khami National Solidarity
Organization, I would like to talk about
(1) Rakhine
national representatives....
(A) there are
national groups in
(B) Some political parties in which some
candidates have been elected as Hluttaw representatives were cancelled. It is
learnt that representatives-elect from those cancelled political parties can
stand as independent representatives-elect. I now would like to present my suggestion
that those independent representatives-elect should be invited to the National
Convention.
(C) None of the candidates of some political
parties were elected in the General Election. I would like to say that
delegates representing each of these political parties should be selected to
attend the National Convention.
(2) Mro or Khami national group:...
(a) The sub-groups are (1) Parkin or Warkon or Mro, (2) Owakhami or Awakhami, (3) Aphyakhami, (4) Chaungphyakhami, (5) Anu, (6) Khaunso, (7) Akelaung and so on .... I would like to present my suggestions that about 11
delegates from Mro or Khami
national group should be allowed to attend the National Convention.
(b) Similarly, three delegates from the
representatives of the Mro or Khami
National Solidarity Organization should be selected.
(3) Dainet national
group and Maramakyee national group:...
Four representatives from Dainet national group...[and] two representatives from Maramakyee
and two from Kaman should be allowed to attend the National Convention.
(4) Thet and Asho Chin: So also, from small Thet
national group like Dainet [sic] national group [Asho Chin intended??], two representatives should be
admitted....
(5) Others who should be invited to the
National Convention: Those from the following organizations and following
officials must be necessarily invited to the National Convention.
(a) Members of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council, Ministers, Command Commanders; (b) Attorney-General and
Deputy Attorney-General; (c) Chief Justice and Deputy Chief Justice); (d)
Directors-General and Managing Directors of the Departments and Enterprises,
two from each department or enterprise; (e) a peasant representative from each
township; and (f) a worker representative from each township.
(6) Others who should be invited to the
National Convention: The following are the persons who have much experience in
Myanmar Naing-Ngan politics and the world politics; with genuine cetana (goodwill) I woauld like
to present my suggestion to invite those persons with the intention of gaining
advice from them: Experienced veteran politicians: (a) U Ne
Win, (b) Dr. Maung Maung, (c) Bohmu
Aung, (d) Widura Thakhin
Chit Maung, (e) U Thu Wai, and (f) members of the
Election Commission...."
"The following should be present at the
National Convention:
(i) From one to
five persons who have had political experience of pre-independence days;
(ii) From one to five persons who have had
political experience of AFPFL and Pa-Hta-Sa period;
(iii) From one to five persons who have had
political experience during the Revolutionary Council Period;
(iv) From one to five persons who have had political experience
during the Burma Socialist Programme Party period;
(v) From one to five persons from the State
Law and Order Restoration Council;
(vi) All elected Representatives except those against whom
action was taken;
(vii) Five persons from each party leader
[sic] of 93 political parties which contested the election;
(viii) Ten persons each from one [sic]
national race who have high standard of morality, who are selfless and who win
the trust of the people;
(ix) Ten persons each from organizations
which are in armed movement for various reasons;
(x) Five persons each from mass and class
organizations;
(xi) Thirty youth political leaders;
(xii) Twenty members of intelligentsia and
technocrats who are patriotic.
"We do not believe that the Tatmadaw
suspended its offenses in
(a) For the Government to suspend all its
offensives in the whole country in showing its magnanimity as it has done in
(b) To give amnesty to all persons against
whom action has been taken for political reasons...."
Lahu National Development Party: Representative Daniel
Aung said [excerpt]:
"The speech delivered by the
Chairman...paves the way to convening the National Convention. I would like to
simply denote that to open the gate wider, general amnesty should be declared
after taking necessary measures for convening the National Convention.
Declaring the general amnesty, even those within and without the country having
different political views according to the existing laws and those, because of
politics, standing in different layers of lives would get a chance to attend
the National Convention if they turly love mother
country and have genuine cetana for the State ....
Now is the time 'to forgive and forget' and to take steps for pleasant future
life....
"Concerning the delegates who are to
attend the National Convention, I would like to present the following
suggestions:
(1) Three delegates from each political party
should be allowed to attend the National Convention;
(2) I am in vision that the
Representatives-elect in the general election who are legally standing should
be allowed to attend the National Convention;
(3) I would like to suggest that...one
national race each from each township should be permitted to attend. I would
like to...permit the lawfully existing parties formed based on the national
races to select their own national race as representatives. This is the desire
of Wa and Lahu nationals.
Although the Akhar nationals could not form their own
political party... they are members of the Lahu
National Development Party. I would like to request that the [LNDP] be given
permission to select Akhar national representative
through the Akhar Cultural group;
(4) In selecting the peasants
representatives...permission should be given to select one national race each
from each township and the procedure for selecting should be the same as that
mentioned in paragraph No 3;
(5) Workers;
(6) Intelligentsia and technocrats;
(7) I think that in stipulating the number
and selecting representatives of service personnel, it will not be appropriate
for State Government to take the responsibility;
(8) I think that number of other appropriate
personnel to be invited to attend should be fixed and selected by the State Law
and Order Restoration Council. With this I conclude. Thank you."
Independent: Dr. Hmuh
Thang, independent Hluttaw Representative, said
[excerpts]:
"Our Chin nationals consider Chin for
Democracy and National Equality to be a matter of high priority. We believe our
other national brethren the Kachin, the Kayah, the Kayin, the Mon, the Bamar, the Shan and the Rakhine
too will place much worth on such value.... These national races are composed
of their own respective national groups. For example in the Bamar
national race, there are also the Dawei, Yaw, the Kadu and also the Kanan; in the
same way, the Chin national races there are Tongzang,
the Tiddim, the Falam, the Haka, Than Tlang, the Matupi, the Mindat, the Kanpetlet, the Paletwa Townships
and in some of the plains regions there are Htadoe,
the Hsaingzan, the Taichun,
the Zarhaung, the Laing,
the Zopei, the Mra, the Matu, the Zothunmon, the Yaungtuyaung, the U-pu, the Khu-mi, the Anu, the Asho etc. constituting over 50 national racial groups.
"But no matter whoat
the national racial groups, a Chin is still a Chin, Bamar
is still a Bamar, a Kachin
is still a Kachin. Ans so also the Kayin,
the Kayan, the Mon, the Rakhine
similarly of their own kind. It is said that a race will not become
extinct because it is swallowed by the earth, but on the other hand a race can
become extinct if swallowed (absorbed) by man. This saying is very true. In
order to prevent this happening the national brethren
ought to help one another as true brothers and refrain from any activity in
which a larger group is likely to overwhelm a smaller group. It is very
important that we establish a Union of Myanmar which is free from either benign or malignant chauvinism and narrow-minded
racism....
"I propose the following should be
allowed to attend the National Convention:
(1) A delegate each from political parties
that contested the election, and a delegate each from 93 political parties that
won or did not win in the election and were abolished;
(2) All the elected Representatives in the
election;
(3) Delegates of the national races, they
ought to be one delegate from each region elected by the respective national
groups themselves;
(4) One peasant delegate for each township to
be selectd township-wise;
(5) One worker delegate for each township to
be selected township-wise;
[6] One delegate each from the
intelligentsia, technocrats, legal experts, artistes, writers, artists and
sculptors, 'thabin' artistes, nurses, doctors, and
engineers;
[7] Government servants, Directors-General,
Managing Directors and Rectors Ministry-wise; Principals of the Institutes and
Colleges; Command Commanders who are not members of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council; the People's Police Force Director-General;
[8] others who ought to be included: (a) all
members of the State Law and Order Restoration Council; (b) Cabinet members;
(c) all members of the Steering Committee for Holding Co-ordination Meeting for
the Convening of the National Convention; (d) the Chief Justice and Justices of
the Supreme Court; (e) the Attorney-General and the Deputy Attorney-General;
(f) the Auditor-General and the Deputy Auditor-General; (g) former leaders of
the nation such as former Prime Minister U Nu, former
President U Ne Win, Dr. Maung Maung,
Senior General Saw Maung; (h) veteran politicians such as Vidura
Thakin Chit Maung, Bohmu
Aung and veteran politicians respected among Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Mon, Bamar, Rakhine and Shan national
races, all members of the Multiparty Democracy General Election Commission; (i) to allow, if it is possible, KNU, KIA and organizations
in the jungle to take part in the discussions based on the results of the talks
held by the government aimed at national solidarity ...." (WPD 7/1)
Third
Day Co-ordination Session
July 10: The Third-day session of the
Co-ordination Meeting for Convening National Convention was attended by the
Party Representatives and Steering Committee members. Following
an opening address by Steering Committee Chairman Maj-Gen.
Myo Nyunt, six of the Party Representatives "presented discussions."
Then Steering Committee Secretary Brig-Gen. Aung thein
"resentd the programmed to be carried out by the
Steering Committee with regard to the discussions...." The Chairman then
delivered a closing speech.
Chairman's
Opening Speech
"Esteemed Representatives,
"Today, the discussions of the
Representatives on the second-day session with emphasis on 'Our Three Main
National Causes' will be deliberated further and I had already said on the
first-day session that the Co-ordination Meeting opened the door for convening
the National Convention in order to lay down the basic principles prior to
framing a constitution.
"Representatives present at this meeting
being responsible for framing a constitution of the future democratic State,
all of us are to discuss the question of those to be
invited to the National Convention with magnanimity and metta
in continuing our discussions of the second-day meeting.
"In holding discussions today with the
aim of convening the National Convention with emphasis on laying down basic
principles for framing a firm consitutions for
generations to come, bias and prejudice should be avoided and talks carried out
with a spirit of fairness and balance. I urge you to submit worthy proposals
and ideas keeping in mind the well-being of all the nationalities in their
entirety."
Party
Discussions
National League for Democracy: NLD
Representative U Aung Shwe said [full text]:
"Esteemed Chairman,
"With the permission of the Meeting
Chairman, the National League for Democracy would like to discuss some more.
"I wish the Meeting Chairman, Steering
Committee members, elected Representatives of political parties and the elected
independent Representative in good health and happiness.
"I noted at the Co-ordination Meeting
session on 30 June 1992 that further presentations will be allowed at the
session today.
"My preentations
on behalf of the National League for Democracy on that day were reported in the
1 July issue of the Loktha Pyithu Nezin.
But some points were reported incorrectly. Through the Meeting Chairman I would
like to request correction of the following points.
"Replace 'law' with 'the number' on the
54th line of the 4th column on page A of the Loktha
Pyithu Nezin supplement;
"Replace 'Kwai
Shan of Mongyang delegates' with 'representatives of
political organizations' on the 24th line of the 5th column on page A of the
supplement;
"Replace 'recognized' with 'rarely
recognized' on the 50th line of the 5th column on page A;
"Replace 'respectively' with 'large and
small' on the 54th line of the 7th column on page A;
"Replace 'State organization' with
'political organization' on the 78th line of the 7th column of page A; and
"Replace 'youth means those within the
21 and 30 age group' with 'youth means those within the 21 and 31 age group' on
the 35th line of the 1st column on page B.
"In connection with inviting National
Convention delegates, political organizations have their own procedures,
principles and rules under which organization work is carried out township-wise
and State/ Division-wise on the basis of wards and villages. In nominating
delegates to the Convention, however, it will be just and appropriate to take
into consideration those of the Township and State/Division organizations. It
is therefore proposed again that delegates to the National Convention should be
nominated from of [sic] the townships and State/Division organizations.
"In connection with the elected
Representatives, the voters or the public have elected them out of their own
volition to represent them in accordance with the Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law
promulgated by the Government; accomplishment of anational
cause calls for public participation; and hence we would like to further
suggest that all the Hluttaw representatives should be invited as delegates to
the National Convention.
"As regards nominating delegates from
the national races, we would like to restate that delegates should be chosen
among the national racial groups on the basis of constituencies instead of
townships.
"On the selection of worker delegates,
the workers comprise blue collar and white collar workers. So, selection of
delegates should be made to represent all workers engaged in the respective
trades and skills.
"Another point is that student delegates
should include those who have matriculated but have not entered universities,
colleges and institutes.
"A new democratic State, a national objectives, will emerge if all the people of the
nation make concerted efforts with the determination and strong will to
accomplish the writing of a constitution; and if there emerge changes in
harmony with the present peaceful conditions in the country."
Shan Nationalities League for Democracy:
Representative Hkun Tun Oo
said [major excerpts]:
"The National Convention delegates who
represent the peasants, workers, technocrats and intelligentsia and public
servants must convey the wishes and aspirations of the people they represent to
the Convention. For instance, it is very important that those representing
State employees are able to convey their wishes and aspirations.
"For this reason, means should be
created so that good and worthy ideas and suggestions regarding the
Constitution may be drawn from all citizens at the National Convention. What we
mean is that matters should be expedited so that all citizens may make
proposals for the framing of the Constitution which concerns all citizens. For
this reason, we propose that all citizens such as peasants, workers, State
employees etc, be permitted freedom of criticism, discussion and presentation
regarding the Constitution for at least three months prior to the holding of
the National Convention. Since such discussions concerning the Convention is
not the concern of any single party but concerns only the Constitution, it
absolutely should not be considered a matter of 'politicking'. It is only when
this is allowed would 'Emergence of the Constitution is the duty of all
citizens' be meaning fully and precisely implemented [sic]. Though the National
Convention concerns all citizens, not everyone is likely to be able to attend
and participate in the discussions. Hence, we wish to propose that due
consideration be also given to ideas and suggestions sent in by interested
citizens. What we are proposing is for appropriate democratic environment be
created so that everyone may have freedom to make suggestions and freedom of
discussions and consultation. This proposal is being made because of a sincere
desire to see the successful attainment of all National Convention objectives.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We are engaged in the discussions and
co-ordination to bring about the emergence of a national political programme.
It is a matter which concerns all nationals in the entirety. As such, we
believe it appropriate to invite for peaceful round-table discussions all those
who are in political opposition as well as those who are in military
confrontation. This proposal is being made in the interests of a peaceful and tranquil
union since there are already instances in which peace has been achieved with
certain armed organizations. Ours is an auspicious time and occasion when
goodwill and broad-mindedness can be demonstratively shown towards all our
blood-brethren and citizens in accord with the national political programme.
This is also the time when differences may be ironed out.
"In our opinion, the first step that
should be taken is for confidence-building on a mutual basis between
individuals as well as between organizations. We welcome the full coverage of
news in the press and over the TV Myanmar of the Co-ordination Meeting
proceedings of 30 June as positive steps begun by the State Law and Order
Restoration Council for building mutual confidence.
"It would be necessary for both sides to
take mutually confidence building steps. To establish, mutual confidence
efforts are required to improve the political climate, in other words to
further upgrade the democratic environment.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We believe that there are two things
which must be done at this Co-ordination Meeting to ensure the success of the
National Convention. The first point concerns the principles to be laid down
for selection of delegates, the number of delegates and how they are to be
chosen. The second point the things that must be carried out prior to the
convention to ensure the success of the National Convention to ensure that it
is a comprehensive and all-embracing National Convention....
"Esteemed Chairman,
"Regarding the first point, we queried
on the second day session of the Co-ordination Meeting as to the basic
principles and criteria for selection of delegates from among the peasants, the
workers, the intelligentsia and technocrats and the State employees. Although
we still do not know the reply, the following are some points we wish to
present -
(a) Peasant Delegates -
(1) For the State Law and Order Restoration
Council to select four delegates from each State and Division
(2) For the Parties to select eight delegates
from each State and Division
(b) Worker Delegates -
(1) For the [SLORC] to select two delegates
from each State and Division
(2) For the Parties to select four delegates
from each State and Division
(c) Intelligentsia and Technocrat Delegates -
(1) For one delegate to be selected from each
of the legally-instituted organizations
(2) For the [SLORC] to select one delegate
for intelligentsia and technocrats having no legally-instituted organizations
and for political parties to select four delegates from each such group
(d) State employee delegates -
For the respective Ministries to select two
delegates each.
"In addition, we further propose that
one delegate be selected from each university, institute and college to
represent youths and students.
"Now that market economy is to be
practised, representatives of entrepreneurs from among the nationalities, such
as for instance, chambers of commerce and chambers of industry ought to be also
represented; delegates numbering not more than five should also be invited to
the National Convention.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"As the second point, our Shan
Nationalities League for Democracy wishes to propose that permission be given
for freedom of discussion and expression, initiation of round-table discussions
to bring about peace and for the granting of general amnesty prior to the
National Convention to create a good democratic environment and good political
climate conducive to the success of the National Convention.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"Regarding measures to be taken for the
success of the National Convention, we wish to propose that if a convening
committee were to be formed, it should be made up of representatives of the
State Law and Order Restoration Committee [sic], representatives of the elected
Hluttaw Representatives and representatives of the Parties.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"We believe that the National Convention
cannot be but successful if the right preconditions are created for a
democratic environment and good political climate. By the same token, the
principles laid down by the National Convention would also lend force to the
realization of Our
Three National Causes, that of
Non-disintegration of National Unity, Non-disintegration of the
National Unity Party: Representative U M Sin Sar said [excerpts]"
"The National Unity Party has already
submitted the number of invitees in explicit terms for successful holding of
the National Convention within the framework suggested by the meeting chairman.
We would like to state that we do not expect the results to be in total
agreement with our suggestions and we have no preconceived reservations about
the presentations of other party organizations.... We are prepared to act in
the interests of the country in accordance with the wishes of the majority.
"The present Co-ordination Meeting...is
not the kind of meeting for passing resolutions and as such we understand that
all the organizations involved presented their stance, opinions and convictions
as suggestions. Matters to be discussed at the Co-ordination Meeting and those
to be dealt with at the Convention will be of different entities.... Our party
will present appropriate points in detail at the National Convention....
"The National Unity Party...is prepared
to follow the the recommendations of the Steering
Committee based on the suggestions of the Co-ordination Meeting...and
resolutions of the State Law and Order Restoration Council...."
Union Paoh National
Organization: Representative U San Hla said
[excerpts]:
"What our [UPNO] would like to advise is
to avoid the two extremes of chauvinism and narrow racism in the selection of
delegates.... The difference our party has found [with other parties] is in the
numbers of delegates who should be invited to the National Convention. We would
like to suggest tht the number of delegates in
minimum and in maximum be included by the Steering Committee...as an object in
the discussions of the Co-ordination Meeting...."
Mro or Khami National
Solidarity Organization: Representative U San Tha
Aung said [excerpts]:
"[SLORC] Chairman General Than Shwe [said on
"Esteemed Chairman,
"I would like to further suggest:
1. In selecting
delegates of national races to the National Convention -
(a) the delegate be
one selected in accordance with the wishes of the nationals.
(b) no restriction
be placed on the region of residence of the delegates and that such selection
be possible from whichever region they may reside in.
(c) State employees may also enjoy the right
to be selected as delegates of national races.
2. Nomination of Chairman of National
Convention
The formation of a Panel of Chairmen for the
National Convention will be necessary. I should like to suggest that one each
from the national races residing in the States and Divisions should be
nominated by turn.
3. Nomination of delegates according to
national races
(a) to allow suggest selection racial sub-groupwise in accord with the wishes of the majority in
selecting delegates of the racial groups in order to accommodate participation populationwise representation of the 135 sub-groups
residing in Myanmar Naing-Ngan.
(b) To exclude delegates of political parties
from selection of national groups delegates and allow their separate
selection....
"Esteemed Chairman,
"In the history of Myanmar Naing-Ngan,
two constitutions have been written. However, an essense
of unity of nationals in their entirety has been found lacking.
"Therefore, I conclude with the
suggestion that repeated co-ordination be made for the emergence of a firm
constitution which will involve views acceptable by all the people including
the national sub-groups taking a broadbased, honest
and patient stand in cognizance of the progress made by the changing political
situation in Myanmar Naing-Ngan and in the world."
Independent: Independent Representative Dr. Hmu Htan said [excerpt]:
"Esteemed Chairman,
"It is essential that the National
Convention be convened on the basis of peace and national reunification. This
is a time, therefore, for parties, groups, and individuals to work hand-in-hand
for the future wellbeing of the nation, free from grudge, suspicion, and noble
aspirations [sic].... It is necessary that the Committee [for holding the
National Convention] include members nominated by the Government and including
elected representatives of political parties. I believe this has already been
arranged by the Government. Holding a National Convention thus would improve
our image both internally and externally.
"Esteemed Chairman,
"The National Convention should be free
of control, interference, be fair and independent. The resolutions of the
National Convention should not be those passed by vote but by consensus. As it
is necessary to fulfil the aspirations of nationals,
it is very essential that free discussions be permitted townshipwise
prior to the convention. I therefore make a special appeal that martial law be
lifted...."
Secretary
Reviews Proposals
Steering Committee Secretary Brig-Gen. Aung Thein opened by noting the NLD Representatives suggested
corrections of the record of the Second Day Session, as reported in the press.
He said that "In fact, newspaper reports were based on the transcriptions
of the recorded tapes. We study the written statement of representatives. We
also record the points they discussed. The TV telecast what was recorded and
the newspaper report was based on transcriptions of recordings. We will make
necessary corrections in accordance with the wishes of the representative. We
will publish a book of records only when corrections have been made."
Concerning the substantive discussions, he
noted that eight categories of persons had been suggested for attendance at the
National Convention: (1) Representatigves of
political parties; (2) Elected Representatives; (3) Representatives of national
races; (4) Peasants; (5) Workers; (6) Members of intelligentsia and
technocrats; (7) Service personnel; and (8) Others. Party representatives had
made suggestions as to each of these categories:
(1) Political Parties:
- NLD: 2 each from Central HQ and 1 each from
State/Division and Township level. But it suggested today that only political
parties from State/Divisions and townships should select delegates.
- SNLD: all Patrons and CEC members from legal
parties.
- NUP: about 150 persons from 10 political
parties.
- UPNO: 5-7 persons from each legal party.
- MKNSO: 1 from each party contesting election.
But today it said that party representatives should not be included as national
delegates but selected separately as party representatives.
- SSKDP: 5 from each of the 93 parties that
contested the election.
- LNDP: 3 from each party.
- Ind: 1 from each of
the 93 contesting parties.
(2) Elected Representatives:
- NLD and 5 others: all elected
representatives.
- Another: 3 times those present at the
Co-ordination Meeting.
- Another: as prescribed.
(3) National Races:
- NLD: 2 from each township, unless already
included. Today it said that the base should be constituency rather than
township.
- SNLD: either 80 (10 Bamar
and 70 from the remaining 7 major groups) or 115 (30 Bamar
and 85 from other groups).
- NUP: 135--1 for each 150,000 Bamars; 1 for each 75,000 Kayins,
Rakhines, and Shans; 1 for
each 50,000 Kachins, Chins, and Mons;
1 for each 25,000 Kayahs; appropriate ratios for other
sub-groups.
- UPNO: 1-5 from each race.
- MKNSO: 11 Mro or Khami and 10 each from other Rakhine
races. The party added today that residence should not be a qualification for
national race representatives, and that service personnel should qualify.
- SSKDP: 10 from each race.
- LNDP: 1 from each race in each township, with
ethnic parties picking their own representatives.
- Ind: 1 from each
race, selected regional-wise.
(4) Peasants:
- NLD: 1 from each township, unless elected
representative already a farmer.
- SNLD: 4 chosen by SLORC and 8 by parties for
each State/Division.
- NUP: about 120 persons.
- UPNO: 5-10 from each State/Division.
- MKNSO: 1 from each township.
- SSKDP: 5 from each mass and class
organization.
- LNDP: 1 from each race from each township.
-
(5) Workers:
- NLD: 30 chosen by Labour Ministry. Both blue-collar and white-coller workers
to be included.
- SNLD: 2 chosen by SLORC and 4 by political
parties in each State/Division.
- NUP: 40 delegates.
- UPNO: 5-10 chosen ministry-wise.
- MKNSO: 1 from each township.
- SSKDP: 5 from each mass and class
organization.
- LNDP: chosen by Government.
-
(6) Intelligentsia and technocrats:
- NLD: 20 from organizations and 50 from
universities, institutes, and medicine.
- SNLD: 1 from each legal organization, plus 1
chosen by SLORC and 4 by parties for persons without organizations.
- NUP: about 30 persons.
- UPNO: appropriate number from historians and
lawyers, active or retired.
- MKNSO: No suggestions.
- SNLD: 20 persons "having national
spirit".
- LNDP: chosen by Government.
-
(7) Public servants:
- NLD: about 200 from Ministries, Supreme
Court, Attorney-General's and Auditor-General's Offices, Tatmadaw, and Peoples
Police.
- SNLD: 2 from each Ministry.
- NUP: 40 from Tatmadaw; 20 from Police; 40
from public service.
- UPNO: appropriate number of senior Tatmadaw
officers in addition to those of Division Commander and Command Commander rank, and retired Tatmadawmen.
- MKNSO: SLORC members, Command Commanders,
Attorney-General and Deputy, Chief and Vice Chief Justices, directors-general
and managing directors from each department.
- SSKDP: No suggestions.
- LNDP: State should decide.
-
(8) Others:
NLD: 50, chosen from independence fighters,
prominent politicians, scholars, 30 Comrades members, Panglong
conference members, drafters of 1947 and 1974 constituions.
Also 5 from WVO, 2 women and youths (21-31) from each
State/Division, 30 students over 18. It was added that those who have
matriculated but not entered college should also be selected.
SNLD: 30 Comrades and prominent Resistance
Fighters, signers of Panglong Agreement, drafters of
1947 Constitution, members of the Taunggyi National
Convention of 1961, members of the 33 member Advisory Body, Ministers from all
governments, members of Council of State, members of SLORC. Also
1 from each University, Institute, and College, and 5 from economic
organizations.
NUP: as prescribed by Steering Committee.
UPNO: Signers of Panglong
Agreement, drafters of 1947 and 1974 constitutions, Ministers, former
State/Division Chairmen, 1-3 from each organization returned to the legal fold.
MKNSO: U Ne Win,
Dr. Maung Maung, Bohmu
Aung, Vidura Thakin Chit
Maung, U Thu Wai and members of the Election
Commission.
SSKDP: 1-5 pre-independence dignitaries, 1-5
AFPFL and Pa Hta Sa era dignitaries, 1-5
Revolutionary Council dignitaries, 1-5 SLORC leaders, and 30 youth politicians.
Also 10 from each armed terrorist group, with general amnesty before the
National Convention.
LNDP: SLORC should decide. Also
a general amnesty to permit politicans from inside
and outside the country, with different ideologies, to attend.
Ind: SLORC members, Ministers, Supreme Court members,
Attorney-General and Deputy, Auditor-General and Deputy, former State Leaders U
Ne Win, Dr. Maung Maung,
Senior General Saw Maung, Vidura Thakin
Chit Maung, Bohmu Aung, former ethnic politicians,
Election Commission members, 30 students. KNU and KIA
terrorist representatives.
"Esteemed Representatives,
"Our Steering Committee would submit a
report to the State Law and Order Restoration Council in accordance with the
duties assigned to it under Section 3 of Notification No 35/92 and Section 8(e)
of the Order No 9/92 issued by the State Law and Order Restoration Council,
dated 28 May, 1992, on the suggestions forwarded by the representatives at the
present co-ordination meeting. Our Committee will also submit the report after
studying from all angles the suggestions forwarded by the leaders of the
representatives. We will also submit the report mentioning the administrative,
management and logistic support contributing towards the smooth and successful
convening of the National Convention."
Closing
Speech by Chairman
In his closing speech, Steering Committee
Chairman Maj-Gen. Myo Nyunt said [excerpts]:
"It is...found that the representatives,
as I have suggested, made constructive proposals in warm spirit. The Steering
Committee is specially grateful to the representatives
for their cetana and efforts. The Secretary...has
clarified how the proposals of the elected party representatives and the
elected independent representative come into view when charted out....
Differences are found in the proposals for the number of delegates in each of
the types. It is reasonable in that stipulations for the numbers have been made
on the basis of contrasting points of view.... It has been found that the
representatives have put forward their proposals with genuine cetana. If I say of the similarity in the nature of putting
forward these proposals, it is like at a ceremony of charity where collective
donations are made. Each of the donors prepares a curry as he or she likes .... To get the right men, these curries mut be brought together in right
proportions... to be of varied and balanced taste and also to be wholesome and
nutritious.
"In like manner, the proposals made with
genuine cetana are to by synthesized
into a suitable mixture to bring the best practical results and benefits.
"It is found that some representatives
have made suggestions with thorough reviews on the matter of inviting delegates
to the National Convention and some have focused on particular points. For
instance, it is said in their reviews that there is difficulty in choosing delegates
from peasants and workers as there are no such Thamaggas
among these masses. If we are to say from our point of view, there is no
difficulty in choosing...[because] there is unitiy in its origin among the peasants and workers for the
time being.... [During the parliamentary period, there were numerous
party-organized worker and peasant organizations that] led to worsening
situation and clashes with rods and swords. Under the present circumstances,
there are no such rivalries and factional strife among the intelligentsia,
technocrats and youths and the two fundamental strata of workers and peasants.
It is also a favourable period in which unity has
show itself among the masses who are engaged in their duties and services in
the interests of the nation .... We would like to tell
the representatives to feel assured in the matter of choosing delegates from
peasants and workers.... True, impartial delegates who are competent to serve
the interests of the general public will be chosen and invited to the Convention....
"What I would like to say further is of
the internal terrorist insurgents. There are proposals of some representatives
that have suggested giving opportunity to armed terrorist insurgents to enable
them to attend the National Convention.... The [SLORC] earnestly wishes for
national consolidation and and up to this day it has
been extending opportunities to armed terrorists regardless of past history. As
announced on 28 of last April, the Tatmadaw suspended its offensives in Kayin State. At the same time, offensives against other
armed terrorists have also been suspended up to this time....
"Now, we would discuss the matters of
whether the representatives of the existing armed terrorist insurgents should
attend or not. It would be unnatural to invite persons who have no confidence
in the Convention to attend it. If the armed terrorists are truly desirous of
attending the National Convention they ought to abandon the line of armed
struggle. They will have to return to the legal fold after abandoning the armed
struggle. After they return to the legal fold, they, like other members of the
public, will be able to attend the National Convention by obtaining suitable
number of delegates. It is quite clear that the armed terrorists in the jungle
today have no other way to attend the National Convention except the one I have
just explained....
"The National Convention...should be
attended by those who are loyal and faithful. If the armed terrorists return to
the legal fold and their delegates attend the National Convention, they will
have to hold in esteem faithfulness and loyalty while acting in good faith. On
the other hand, if there is collaboration between the underground and
above-ground, through unlawful means or otherwise to sabotage the National
Convention for their selfish gains, the entire mass of the people are to suffer
a great loss; this should be noted.
"I will now explain some measures taken
in accordance with the Declaration No 11/92 ...as they are related to
discussions of some representatives. As all are aware, we have amnestied a
considerable number of politicians serving prison sentences according to law,
for establishing national consolidation. With due scrutiny, those who are
believed to be of no threat to national security will continue to be released.
Those who pose a threat to national security will remain.
"Esteemed Representatives,
"As regards the query concerning the
right to freely discuss and make written statements, I want you to consider how
we are conducting this coordination meeting, and you will know how much freedom
you have, how much we are doing to let the general public know comprehensively
what they should know. You are witness to this. If all concerned take a
positive stand as you do now, I can say there will be no reason for any problem
to crop up. It may clearly be seen that the public will not permit the National
Convention being used as a forum for political capital, for instigating unrest,
national races being set against each other through opposition and hatred, be
that perpetrated by an individual or an organization. If there is outright
contravention of the law, then action will be taken according to law....
Whatever it is, the national mass of people,
we and the lawfully existing political parties must, as a matter of priority,
ensure that the forthcoming National Convention is successful. If there should
occur, from within this nation or without, those who would work to endanger
this noble task of ours, we will have to prevent such danger according to law,
working hand-in-hand with the people....
"Esteemed Representatives,
"Although I made it clear from the
outset, before the discussions started, that discussions would have to be
directed at holding of the National Convention, I noticed that some of the
representatives overstepped the bounds and discussed international issues.
"Although we do not wish to discuss any
international issues, we would like to proceed with discussion of internal
issues. When it concerns the strengthening of sovereignty, it is most important
that you realize there must be greater strengthening of the solidarity of all
nationals, and the unity of all classes of people which constitute the strength
of the nation....
"As regards discussion concerning
'lessons have been learnt from having experienced the evils which occured in the country', it must be added that the anarchy
and evils which we experience in 1988 must be taken as lessons and their
recurrence must be prevented....
"We have taken careful note of your
suggestions. On the basis of your suggestions, we will have to make careful
consideration to come as close to them as possible, to make them as practicable
as possible employing various ways and means. The Steering Committee will be
submitting to the State Law and Order Restoration Council within a month all
these suggestions....
"We believe those who honestly desire
the holding of the National Convention successfully, with the State maintaining
a peaceful situation and working for the true emergence of a multi-party
democracy system will never accept above-ground and under-ground elements
working in collusion and working against us with evil intent...." (WPD
7/11)