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Burma Related News - June 12, 2000.



Monday, June 12 3:22 PM SGT
 
Thailand to back International Criminal Court
BANGKOK, June 12 (AFP) -
Thailand will sign the UN's Rome Statute on setting up an International Criminal Court (ICC) by the end of this year, making it the first Southeast Asian country to do so, the deputy foreign minister said Monday.
 
Deputy Foreign Minister Sukhumbhand Paribatra said the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) had so far failed to coordinate on the issue of a permanent court, but Thailand would lead by example.
 
"The question of the merit of the Rome Statute is undebatable as far as we are concerned," Sukhumbhand said in a keynote speech opening the first Asian workshop to promote the ICC attended by some 60 civil servants and NGO members from around the region.
 
Sukhumbhand said Thailand would sign before the closing date set by the UN at 31 December. "We would have to sign by the 31st of December, 2000. We will sign it," he said.
 
"We need to get our own house in order where the Rome Statute is concerned before we can think of encouraging others."
 
Just four countries from Asia out of more than 90 world-wide have signed onto the 1998 Rome Statute: South Korea, Bangladesh, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
 
Only 10 nations -- Tajikistan the only one from Asia -- have so far ratified the statute.
 
At least 60 nations must ratify it for the statute to take effect.
 
"Unfortunately there has not been much coordination among the ASEAN countries on this matter. At present it seems to be a matter of national conscience," Sukhumbhand said.
 
He said that nations in the region must realise that globalisation has made the issue of national sovereignty an invalid excuse for blocking the formation of an international court.
 
"The ICC is seen by many as a threat to national sovereignty ... but I believe that such a perception is no longer valid," he said.
 
Sukhumbhand quoted United Nations secretary general Kofi Annan saying: "No government has the right to hide behind national sovereignty in order to violate the human rights and fundamental freedoms of the people."
 
He said Thailand bore a tremendous burden in terms of refugees from turmoil in neighbouring states.
 
"With traditional responsibilities in shouldering refugees and displaced persons from neighbouring countries, Thailand seeks the end of the human tragedies in this region and elsewhere," he said.
 
Thailand is home to more than 100,000 displaced persons who have fled oppression and fighting in neighbouring Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia.
 
"The task is tremendous, but the most difficult part about this is to bear witness to the decline of the human spirit of those people who have been forced to live away from their homes and their loved ones."
 
"In the 1970s the world witnessed the genocide committed by the Khmer Rouge, the legacy of which still leaves traces in that society ... Never again do we wish to see such atrocities."
 
After a year-long stalemate, Cambodia and the UN last month reached an agreement to hold a joint trial of surviving Khmer Rouge leaders blamed for the deaths of nearly two million people.
 
Two adhoc international war crime tribunals are already operating -- one based in the Netherlands and focusing on atrocities committed in Bosnia and a similar one in Tanzania focussing on the Rwandan genocide.
 
The ICC seeks jurisdiction over citizens of all countries, not just parties to the treaty. The idea has been opposed by the United States, along with China, Libya, Iraq and Israel.
 
The Straits Times - June 12, 2000.
Myanmar rebel twins devote themselves to Christianity
 
Htoo brothers, on the run since their base fell to Myanmar forces in January, are hiding in a Karen village
 
BANGKOK -- The 12-year-old twin boys from Myanmar, who command a mystical insurgent group called God's Army, have laid down their arms temporarily and are devoting themselves to Christianity.
 
Johnny and Luther Htoo have been on the run since late January, when their headquarters at Ka Mar Pa Law, just across the border from Thailand, fell to Myanmar government forces.
 
The Bangkok Post reported yesterday that the boys are now living in a Christian Karen village about 35 km inside Myanmar, opposite Thailand's Kanchanaburi province.
 
It said they had shaved their heads to try to avoid being recognised and traded in their uniforms for traditional Karen garb.
 
They were said to have promised the village headman they would lay down their weapons and devote themselves to Christianity during their stay.
 
The newspaper quoted the chain-smoking Luther as vowing to continue the struggle against the military government of Myanmar.
 
""I clearly remember how Burmese soldiers killed my men and pregnant women,'' he said. ""I will seek revenge.''
 
When their base was overrun, the twins fled with 10 armed rebels and stayed in a Thai village for a week, even though they were being sought as avidly by the Thai authorities as those in Myanmar.
 
Myanmar has been ruled by the military since 1962. The Karen minority has been fighting for more autonomy since 1949, but has been losing ground steadily over the past decade.
 
Other ethnic groups have also opposed the government, but most have agreed to ceasefires. --AP
 
The People's Daily
Monday, June 12, 2000, updated at 10:07(GMT+8)
China  
HK Chief Executive Meets General Maung Aye of Myanmar
 
Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Tung Chee Hwa had a meeting with Deputy Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of the Union of Myanmar, General Maung Aye, at Government House Sunday.
 
General Maung Aye was in Hong Kong following a recent visit to China's mainland.
 
Tung briefed General Maung Aye on the latest developments in Hong Kong, including the progress of economic recovery following the Asian financial crisis.
 
Tung looked forward to the further development of trade and economic relations between Hong Kong and Myanmar, particularly the promotion of tourism and investment between the two economies.
 
Other Hong Kong government officials including the Administrative Secretary Anson Chan also attended the meeting.
 
The Independent - June 12, 2000.
Yangon for coordinated efforts for Rohingya repatriation
Envoy says camps in Myanmar scaled down
 
Myanmar has suggested strong coordinated efforts by officials of Dhaka Yangon and UNHCR to speed up repatriation of the Rohingya refugees now staying in camps in Cox's Bazar, reports UNB.
 
"If coordination and cooperation among the three parties are not in harmony, the process of repatriation cannot be speeded up... then there will be delays," said Myanmar Ambassador in Dhaka Ohn Thwin.
 
In an interview with UNB, the Ambassador said his country has already accepted more than 230,000 people and camps were scaled down.
 
He said that out of the 7,000 cleared people, more than 1,500 were repatriated and another 5,500 are in the process of scrutiny for receiving them back.
 
Thwin, however, refused to discuss at the moment the other Rohingya refugees staying in the camps in Bangladesh.
 
According to Bangladesh officials, about 250,877 Rohingyas entered the country in 1991 and of them about 20,964 are still awaiting repatriation.
 
In reply to a question, the envoy referred to the agreed discussions among the three parties in September 1998 about repatriation. He said, "The people to be repatriated must be voluntary at their own will. It must not be a split family."
 
Thwin said that in the cases of death or birth, the concerned authorities must endorse in proper order to avoid "untoward allegations" by persons who are likely to reenter into Bangladesh to create problems.
 
He said regarding the split family case, there were instances that some people illegally came back to Bangladesh to meet family members left behind.
 
Due to these reasons, he said, Myanmar authorities were making the repatriation process in accordance with the norms agreed among the three parties.
 
The ambassador indicated that some organisations or parties might benefit for "personal gain out of refugee problem."
 
The issue of repatriation of Rohingya refugees was expected to come up during the Myanmar Prime Minister Than Shwe's planned visit to Dhaka on May 29. The visit was postponed because of what young said his indisposition.
 
Asked about any chance of rescheduling the visit sometime this year, the Ambassador said the Chairman of State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar will visit Bangladesh at a time mutually convenient to both sides.
 
Asked about the possible areas of cooperation between the two neighbours, Thwin said Dhaka and Yangon may have cooperation in politics, economy, health, exchange of know-how and conservation of environment.
 
"In the process of globalisation, it is my view that as developing Third World countries, we must think global but act local, he said.
 
About the General Trade Agreement signed between the two countries on August 3, 1973, he agreed that although bilateral trade is growing, it is not very fast. He said private entrepreneurs are trying to enhance the trade volume.
 
Myanmar used to import cement, fertilisers and pharmaceuticals from Bangladesh. Now Myanmar produces these items for domestic consumption and those imports are being cut down.
 
It is not feasible under the prevailing circumstances to equalise trade with Bangladesh, the Ambassador said.
 
In reply to a question about Land Boundary Treaty signed in November 1998, he said it was a necessity between the two close neighbours. He hoped that land dispute would not arise after this boundary treaty.
 
Asked about the Asian Highway, which Dhaka gives much importance, the envoy said Myanmar on its part had taken up measures in developing highway road links inside its territory to get linked with the Asian Highway provided that the concept is beneficial to this region.
 
Bangkok Post- June 12, 2000.
NARCOTICS
 
More border closures mulled
Authorities fighting a losing battle
Post Reporters
 
Drug suppression agencies will meet today to discuss the closure of more border checkpoints and border passes in the North to thwart border drug smuggling.
 
Sorasit Saengprasert, secretary-general of the Narcotics Control Board, said that anti-drug agencies would discuss whether to close more border crossings or increase border patrols.
 
So far, four temporary border checkpoints have already been closed, said Mr Sorasit.
 
The NCB chief admitted authorities were fighting a losing battle against narcotics.
 
Commenting on Burma's planned relocation of Wa tribes to the southern part of Shan state, where they would be encouraged to grow substitute crops instead of opium, the NCB secretary-general predicted problems.
 
Burma recently announced it would relocate more than 100,000 ethnic Wa from areas of northern Shan state, controlled by the United Wa State Army, to a special administrative area in the south and promote substitute cropping.
 
Meanwhile, a Mae Hong Son MP voiced disagreement with the planned closure of more temporary border checkpoints in the North, saying it would affect cross-border trade of goods between Thailand and Burma.
 
Democrat Panya Jeenakham said the closure of border crossings would not stop drug smuggling.
 
Meanwhile, National Security Council Secretary-General Kachadpai Burusaphat said illicit drug trading is rampant in 14 border villages in three northern provinces of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Mae Hong Son.
 
He said the trade is dominated by minorities, including the Kuomintang (KMT), formerly 93rd division of the Chinese Army.
 
He added that remnants of the KMT had been involved in illicit drug trading with the Wa army.
 
As part of measures to combat this, the NSC has joined forces with the Third Army Region.
 
Infantrymen have already been placed on full alert at all temporary and permanent border checkpoints in Mae Hong Son.
 
More checkpoints have also been set up along the Mae Hong Son-Chiang Mai highway to search vehicles suspected of carrying illicit goods across the border.
 
Bangkok Post - June 12, 2000.
In Brief

Extortionists kill 6

Chumphon-Six people, five Burmese workers and a Thai man, were killed by two armed robbers believed to be members of an extortion gang.

The murders occurred around midnight on Saturday when two armed men sprayed the Burmese labourers with bullets at a rubber plantation in Tha Sae district, Chumphon.

The unfortunate Thai man was just passing by. They killed him and stole his motorcycle.

June 16, 2000 VOL. 29 NO. 23 | ASIAWEEK
 
Weathering the Pressure
The junta fails to dent opposition popularity
 
By ROGER MITTON Sagaing
Thirty-eight members of the opposition National League for Democracy in Sagaing, near Mandalay, had resigned "because they no longer wish to participate in the NLD's party politics." So said Myanmar's ruling junta last week. In fact, such reports appear on a daily basis. Party members claim they are pressured to quit and that many succumb. "They are afraid of repercussions," says Mandalay-based party official Ko Kyi. "The military wants to destroy the NLD."
 
The attempt may be backfiring. Despite the relentless crackdown, the NLD, led by Nobel Peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, retains its nationwide popularity. In historic Sagaing, where the party has endured severe harassment, local sentiment is firmly supportive. Near the town's central market is a gold-embossed statue of Aung San, the nation's Independence hero and Suu Kyi's father. "He was a great man," says the elderly custodian of a local temple. "I think that his daughter is the same." The NLD, as Suu Kyi told Asiaweek last year, "is smaller now because a lot of our members have been forced to resign or put into prison. But it's tougher and more tightly knit."
 
In May 1990, the party won 392 seats out of the 485 contested in Myanmar's first democratic elections since military rule began 30 years earlier. But the generals ceded it no role in running the country, let alone allowing it to form a government. The people, however, have not forgotten that result, and few doubt that the NLD would repeat it if another poll were held. The military, of course, disagrees. "People are fed up with the NLD because it doesn't help them," says spokesman Col. Hla Min. "Opposing foreign aid and investment, opposing tourism -- it's like breaking the rice bowl of the man on the street." Yet last week, when the NLD held a mass gathering at its Yangon headquarters to commemorate the 10th anniversary of its election victory, many citizens showed up despite preventive barriers.
 
The regime denies it is cracking down on the party or forcing members to quit. "We don't need to crack down on the NLD, because they are already cracked," says deputy national planning minister Brig.-Gen. Zaw Tun. Ironically, the military's bullying tactics have reinforced the party's strength. "The daily newspaper stories about dozens of NLD members resigning makes it seem like there must be millions in the party," says a Yangon-based diplomat. "That's not only stupid, it's counterproductive." But the generals believe that the strategy lets the populace -- and party colleagues -- know that Suu Kyi's followers are on a downward slope.
 
For most Myanmar people, the key point is that the NLD offers an alternative to the regime -- which they regard as having ruined their resource-rich country by mismanagement. The party will retain its appeal as long as the military administration pursues inept economic policies and the NLD has Suu Kyi. The impact of "Aung San" in her name is impossible to overestimate. Even the government, while it has removed her father's image from banknotes, routinely pays homage to him in official announcements.
 
Over the past decade, Suu Kyi has undoubtedly proved that she is more than just her father's daughter. She has developed into a consummate and courageous politician, who can sway multitudes as few other Asian leaders can. "At NLD meetings, the others on the central committee all read from texts and we fall asleep," notes a diplomat. "When Suu Kyi speaks, it's always impromptu and we all listen. What she says, that's it."
 
Another reason behind the enduring support for Suu Kyi and her party: There is no alternative. The other political parties have such low profiles that even government officials have trouble naming them. For its part, the regime denies that it lacks public support. "Some people say they don't like the army, but the people are not suffering as they did in the socialist time [under former strongman Ne Win]," says Zaw Tun. "We are satisfying the people." Suu Kyi counters that it is the suffering brought about by the junta's misguided economic policies "which have swung so much support in our favor over the last couple of years."
 
Could that backing galvanize the long-suffering population into action? "I don't sense it," says a Western diplomat in Yangon. "The NLD has called on the people to support it. They said the [election] anniversary would be a defining moment. Expatriate groups called on the people to take action. But nothing happened." So what next? The diplomat throws up his arms. "I don't know," he admits. "Does the NLD sit back and hope the economy self-destructs? Do they hope the military will split?" Many observers yearn for a compromise to bring relief to the people. There is hope that new United Nations special envoy Razali Ismail, who will go to Myanmar this month to speak with both sides, might make progress. As NLD chairman Aung Shwe said recently: "We have to have give-and-take." Yet both sides will clearly hang tough.
 
"The future will be very difficult and uncertain for us," says NLD division secretary Kan Tun in Mandalay. "But Suu Kyi is still strong and popular nationwide. We think the NLD will come to power in 10 years." That is an eternity in politics. For the good of Myanmar, many are hoping that a resolution will come a lot sooner.
 
The Bussiness Day - June 12, 2000.
Delays in Paying for Myanmar Gas a Threat to Relations: Suwat
 
DONRUDEE CHAISOMBAT
Staff writer
THE Petroleum Authority of Thailand's (PTT) delays in paying Myanmar for natural gas could rekindle international problems between Thailand and its neighbor, warned Suwat Liptapanlop, the Industry Minister.
 
Suwat disclosed that the Myanmar government recently issued a letter to the Industry Ministry, inquiring after the 1999 payment of US$280 million for natural gas, which was due on March 1, 2000, but which PTT has yet to pay.
 
Under the so-called 'take or pay' agreement between PTT and Myanmar, PTT is obligated to pay for gas - which it planned to supply to Ratchaburi power plant - whether delivery takes place or not. However construction of the Ratchaburi plant was delayed, resulting in its inability to take delivery of the gas.
 
"In the past, Myanmar only sent the overdue notices to PTT, but received no positive response. Now it has submitted a letter directly to the Ministry of Industry. Further delays could jeopardize the relationship between the two countries," Suwat said.
 
The Ministry has been trying to persuade the cabinet to order EGAT to shoulder partial liability for the debt to end bickering between the two energy agencies.
 
Recently the cabinet allowed PTT to issue 15 billion baht in bonds to help pay off the debt. Nevertheless, the cabinet never decisively moved that PTT or the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) - operator of the Ratchaburi plant - should be responsible for the debt. PTT, in the meantime, is unsure of how it will be reimbursed, and has decided to withhold payment.
 
PTT claims EGAT is at fault for not completing the project on time. Meanwhile, EGAT, despite also being a co-signatory, contends that the 'take or pay' deal was between PTT and Myanmar and therefore EGAT should not be held responsible.
 
A source at PTT revealed that besides 1999's unpaid $280 million, the 2000 payment of $260 million is due in March 2001 and the power plant is not expected to be completed soon.
 
Suwat said this is a serious matter and needs decisive action from the government.
 
"PTT has already paid $50.5 billion and no steps for compensation have been made by the government," said Suwat.