India-Burma relations
Individual Documents
Description:
"How significant is Myanmar to India?s calculations?
This paper examines the feasibility of closer India-
Myanmar relations, under the larger diagram of
India?s Asia-centric Look East Policy (LEP). It delves
into the major obstacles, the headway made so far
and avenues that hold the potential for the same...India?s LEP has perhaps found its wings as far as
building bilateral and multilateral alliances with most
ASEAN member states in the commerce, cultural
and defense sectors. However, the LEP is not yet on
firm footing with its immediate neighbors (Myanmar
and China) in the northeast. In this regard it is worth
noting that neither of these countries are
conventionally liberal market economies or
democracies. Perhaps herein lays a rationalization
for their natural camaraderie and also India?s
inability to make substantial headway,
competitively. In order to have an enduring and
fruitful relationship with the Southeast Asian
countries, India should go beyond the
institutionalized avenues of ASEAN summits and
partake in shrewd realpolitik. This warrants a
competitive streak when it is open season for major
commercial and defense agreements, especially
with regards to a resource rich and strategically well
placed country like Myanmar..."
Harnit Kaur Kang
Source/publisher:
Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (Delhi) (IPCS ISSUE BRIEF 144)
Date of publication:
2010-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-11-16
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Individual Documents
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India-Burma relations
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English
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Executive Summary of Research Findings:
"In light of India?s changing foreign policy over the last decade, Indo-Myanmar relations have also changed radically. The reasons thereof pertain principally to four factors: the economic development of India?s North East, India?s increased interest in trade with ASEAN, India?s search for energy security and increased Chinese involvement in Myanmar. This paper offers an in depth analysis of these issues, drawing on seven weeks of fieldwork during the summer of 2007 and over 50 interviews with officials and academics in both countries. The summary of the fieldwork is listed below. The paper concludes that, although today Indo-Myanmar relations have improved, India has, in essence, been too slow to develop this important relationship and is now loosing out to China."
Dr Marie Lall
Source/publisher:
Institute of South Asian Studies ( ISAS Working Paper No. 29 )
Date of publication:
2008-01-02
Date of entry/update:
2010-11-15
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Individual Documents
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India-Burma relations
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English
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"We expect China to go easy on thuggish dictatorships such as Burma?s because China is a dictatorship itself. But what about Asia?s other rising power India, the world?s biggest democracy? Surely Delhi has joined the rest of the world in condemning Burma?s violent crackdown on anti-government protesters over the past few days.
Well, no. Despite pressure from Europe and the U.S. for India to use its influence with Burma to help end the bloodshed, Delhi has taken a softly, softly approach to the current crisis for the same reasons China has: potential trade with and influence over the energy-rich Southeast Asian nation..."
Simon Robinson
Source/publisher:
"Time" - CNN
Date of publication:
2007-09-27
Date of entry/update:
2010-11-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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India-Burma relations
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English
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# 1. Overview
# 2. China?s influence
# 3. India looks east
# 4. Drug trafficking
# 5. The Ganga-Mekong initiative
Tony Allison
Source/publisher:
Asia Times Online
Date of publication:
2001-02-21
Date of entry/update:
2010-11-10
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Individual Documents
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India-Burma relations
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English
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A summary of the key issues relating to Burma and India
Published by the Burma Campaign UK ? March 2007
Source/publisher:
Burma Campaign UK
Date of publication:
2007-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
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Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
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English
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Paper draft without footnotes. Not to be quoted.
Date of publication:
2003-09-11
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
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Individual Documents
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India-Burma relations
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English
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"That non-argument is just simple mathematics. Civilization means the use of heart and reasoning over head and crude thoughts. Has 15-year experience of current policy on Burma brought tangible pay-back? Is the northeast stable? Has China been checked? Can India acquire a share of Gas? ... "
Dr. Tint Swe
Source/publisher:
South Asia Analysis Group
Date of publication:
2007-10-10
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
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Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
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English
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The ongoing political crisis in Burma is putting India in a difficult position. Delhi wants to cozy up to the junta to counter China?s influence in the country. But the world?s biggest democracy cannot be seen to support a crackdown on pro-democracy activists.
David Gordon Smith
Source/publisher:
Special Online International
Date of publication:
2007-09-28
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Over the past two decades, India?s approach to Burma has undergone a complete turnaround, from support for the country?s democracy movement following the popular uprising in 1988 to today?s cozy relationship with its military dictators. The shift was motivated by three main goals: a desire to counter China?s growing influence in Burma; a wish to use Burma as a gateway to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) for trade and investment as part of India?s ?Look East? policy; and a hope for assistance from Burma in cracking down on insurgency in the Northeast. But since India began to fundamentally reorient its Burma policy in the mid-1990s, it has had little to show for its closer ties with the Burmese generals.
Camilla Buzzi, ÅSHILD KOLÅS
Source/publisher:
The Irrawaddy
Date of publication:
2010-03-11
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
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English
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Consequent to several months of back channel negotiations, Kurt Campbell, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia, will lead a US delegation to Myanmar on November 3, 2009. This visit signifies the emerging consensus among Western democracies to review the failed economic sanctions and the arms embargo imposed on Myanmar and a desire to enter into a dialogue with the Generals before elections are held next year. At another level, the intention is clearly to gradually reduce China?s overpowering influence in the country. To discuss these issues, a seminar was held at the Brookings Institution and the School for Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Washington, D.C., on October 29-30, 2009.
Gurmeet Kanwal
Source/publisher:
Opinion Asia
Date of publication:
2009-11-02
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
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English
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India has neglected Myanmar for quite some time and it should reestablish its knowledge of and contacts with this neighbouring country as it was in the past during the era of Pandit Nehru and U Nu. In this context, the most pertinent question is of how to deal with the sociopolitical problems of Myanmar as it concerns India as well. There is also a need to formulate a political and strategic policy towards the country since Myanmar holds enormous importance for India?s security.
Amb Eric Gonsalves
Source/publisher:
INSTITUTE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES
Date of publication:
2007-10-01
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
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English
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With Burma?s first elections in two decades approaching, the three freedoms - of expression, association and peaceful assembly - essential for people to freely participate in the political process, are increasingly being denied. Aung San Suu Kyi is one of some 2,200 political prisoners in Burma. None of them will be able to participate in this year?s elections under new election laws - laws that the Indian government has failed to condemn.
The Government of India claims to follow a ?constructive? approach in promoting human rights improvements in Burma. However, its response to the dire state of human rights in the country has been increasingly inadequate.
Source/publisher:
Amnesty International (Australia)
Date of publication:
2010-06-19
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
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Individual Documents
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English
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Over decades India and Myanmar had hardly any relations. To a large
degree this was due to India?s outdated model of Nehruvian ideals in its
foreign policy formulation. Recent research, however, has pointed towards
a shift in Indo-Burmese relations. This article analysse the reasons for
such a shift, placing them in the larger context of the reframing of
India?s foreign policy objectives under the BJP-led NDA government in
the late 1990s. These new priorities have been upheld by the Congress
led government since the elections in 2004.
The article argues that the primary aim for such a shift was
economic, as India reassessed its position globally and regionally,
putting economic relations at the centre of its foreign policy formulation
and engendering India?s ?pipeline diplomacy”. It looks in detail at the
geo-politics of energy and how energy security is now playing a major
role in international relations in South Asia. It then describes India?s
energy needs, focusing in particular on gas, which is at the origin of
the pipeline diplomacy and its increasing interest in relations with
nations rich in gas and oil. It ends by assessing what impact India?s
pipeline diplomacy could have on the wider Southeast Asian region,
with special regard to ASEAN.
_Keywords: India, Myanmar, India?s new foreign policy, pipeline diplomacy, geopolitics
of energy, Myanmar gas reserves, India?s Northeast.
Marie Lall
Source/publisher:
Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 28, No. 3 (2006)
Date of publication:
2006-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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The recent upsurge in violent insurgent activities in the Northeast has made it urgent for India to take action to clear Indian insurgent groups camps across the borders of Bangladesh and Burma. Bangladesh had been denying their existence and refuted such information in every forum. Myanmar?s attitude has been more positive. It is in this context the visit of Myanmar?s head of state Gen. Than Shwe?s visit to Delhi on October 25, 2004 assumes significance. Than Shwe also heads the ruling military junta?s State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). No doubt discussions on joint or coordinated military operation between the two countries to eliminate Indian insurgents? hideouts in Northern Myanmar will figure high on the agenda of Myanmar?s head of state. According to media reports this issue had already figured in the discussions of Home Secretary Dhirendra Singh and the visiting Myanmar Deputy Home Minister Brigadier General Bhon Swe on October 5, 2004.
Col R Hariharan
Source/publisher:
South Asia Analysis Group
Date of publication:
2004-10-11
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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"India?s constructive engagement with Myanmar has reached a new intensity with its hosting of Senior. General Than Shwe for five days at the end of July. Delhi?s strong imperatives on counter-terror cooperation, border management, resource security, and overland transit routes mean there is no incentive at all for Delhi to elevate ideology above national interest in its policy towards Myanmar.
India?s decision to embrace Myanmar?s Senior General Than Shwe — recently dubbed as one of the world?s worst dictators by Washington?s "Foreign Policy" magazine — has drawn much criticism from the West. In hosting Gen. Than Shwe for a five-day visit at the end of July, India would seem to have drifted a bit too far even by its new standards of realpolitik..."
C. Raja Mohan
Source/publisher:
S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Singapore
Date of publication:
2010-08-02
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-08
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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?Although the shift in India?s policy towards Myanmar is often justified in the name of ?non-intervention” in the internal affairs of other nations, it was not principal but realpolitik that guided New Delhi?s changing attitudes towards Yangon since the mid 1990?s”.
Professor C. Rajan Mohan
Contents:
Introduction ... Relations: Three Phases ... Factors Influencing Change in Indian Policy ... Proactive Engagement ... Conclusion
Fahmida Ashraf
Source/publisher:
The Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad
Date of publication:
2008-11-28
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
Relations between India and Myanmar over nearly five decades have been governed by many complex factors. Amongst them are the strategic location of Myanmar, India?s commitment to idealism-driven support to the restoration of democracy in Myanmar, realism-driven need to deal with those actually governing the country, the implications of China?s increasing presence and role in Myanmar etc. China, fortunately for it, has been able to make its foreign policy decisions without having to bother about the nature of the regime in any country.
India and Myanmar share a complicated and delicate history, marked as much by mistrust as amity. For those who may be interested, a ?Historical Background” is annexed to this paper.
POLITICAL: Pro-Democracy Protests in 2007... Aung San Suu Kyi ... Sanctions Regime ... Shifting US Position ... India-Myanmar Bilateral Relations : Realism Influencing Policy ..... ECONOMIC: Economic Cooperation ... Trade ... Border Trade ... Quest for Energy ... Infrastructure Projects ... Kaladan Project ... Cyclone Nargis ..... MILITARY: Insurgencies in Myanmar ... Insurgencies in India ... Defence Relations ... Some Conclusions ..... A N N E X U R E: Historical Background ... Military Rule ...
Source/publisher:
South Asia Analysis Group
Date of publication:
2009-10-30
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
"Myanmar is often perceived to be a buffer state between the two Asian giants of India and China. Its strategic location provides Myanmar with an opportunity to play a significant role in the geopolitics of South and Southeast Asia. In addition, the availability of natural gas in Myanmar gives an economic dimension to its strategic significance. Myanmar shares a 1640 km-long land and maritime boundary with India, making it a crucial element of India?s security calculus and ensuring that amicable relations with Myanmar are vital...Be it traditional, non-traditional, or even energy security, Myanmar is definitely an important component of India?s security management system. Engagement with Myanmar is, therefore, logical for India. The problem before India is what should be the nature of engagement with one of the most brutal regimes in the world..."
Contents:
AN OVERVIEW OF THE INDIA-MYANMAR RELATIONSHIP ...
INDIA?S SECURITY CONCERNS VIS-?-VIS MYANMAR ...
THE CHINA FACTOR ...
INDO-MYANMAR TRADE RELATIONS ...
MYANMAR?S ROLE IN INDIA?S ENERGY SECURITY ... MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...
CONCLUSION ...
Yogendra Singh
Source/publisher:
INSTITUTE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES
Date of publication:
2007-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
India, in the face of Western criticism, continues to economically engage Myanmar?s ruling generals, providing the junta a much-needed investment lifeline at a time when the US and European Union have imposed new punitive sanctions against the rights-abusing regime.
The Indian government earlier this week committed US$120 million to rebuild Myanmar?s western Sittwe port and construct road and water links through the facility, which will connect Myanmar?s western Arakan State to India?s northeastern state of Mizoram.
Brian McCartan
Source/publisher:
Asia Times Online
Date of publication:
2008-01-11
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Separatist leader sets terms for peace with India...
"Thuingaleng Muivah, head of the separatist group National Socialist Council of Nagaland, has given New Delhi an ultimatum. Eight years of negotiations with the Indian government have yielded no results. If no acceptable settlement is reached by January 31, 2006—the date that existing ceasefire agreements will expire—he will suspend all negotiations and return to the jungles of northeastern India, along the border with Burma, to resume an armed opposition movement that began nearly 50 years ago. The ranks of the NSCN have swelled to some 6,000 soldiers since the group signed a ceasefire agreement in 1997. A fellow opposition group, the United Liberation Front of Assam, has now promised to back the NSCN in the event of a final breakdown in peace talks, making the Naga contingent an even more potent threat. In an interview with The Irrawaddy?s correspondent Subir Bhaumik, Muivah explains the conditions for a lasting peace between India and Nagaland..."
Thuingaleng Muivah
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 14, No. 1
Date of publication:
2006-01-17
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Nagas (cultural, political), India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
I Introduction;
II Historical background;
III India?s policies towards Burma;
IV Major factors contributing to the relationship between India and Burma;
V Indo-Burmese trade relationship;
VI Indo-Burmese military cooperation;
VII India?s support to the Burma democracy movement;
VIII Suggestions for Burma pro-democracy activists;
IX Conclusions.
"India and Burma have a historical connection that goes back to the fifth century and since then have
enjoyed mutual contact in the realm of trade, commerce, religion, law, political philosophy and
culture. Both countries came under British colonial rule, and Burmese leaders associated with Indian
leaders during the struggle for national independence. Nehru and U Nu built up a personal friendship
that formed the basis of good Indo-Burmese relations, which with ups and downs have lasted 50 years
The two countries have not once reached a point of diplomatic stand-off or conflict since
independence.
The lowest point came after the 1988 people?s uprising when India was the first neighbouring country
to criticize the Burmese military government. The Indian Embassy in Rangoon actively supported the
pro-democracy student activists and many entered India for shelter after the military coup in 1988.143
From 1988 to 1990, India followed a policy committed to open support of the forces of democracy and
?complete disengagement? with the ruling military junta in Burma.
However, in the 1990s, relations between India and Burma thawed again. Now India and Burma are
cooperating in many fields, including countering insurgency on the border, checking narcotics
smuggling across the border, sharing intelligence on a real-time basis, promoting trade and investment.
India has also extended economic aid to India.
In this research paper, an attempt is made to map out the policies of India towards Burma from the
post-independence era to the present time and to analyse the major factors behind these policies. The
authors also look at the implications of these policies with regard to democraticization in Burma; and
they put forward some suggestions for Burmese pro-democracy groups on how to get political support
from India..."
Thin Thin Aung, Soe Myint
Source/publisher:
International IDEA
Date of publication:
2001-12-14
Date of entry/update:
2010-09-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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"India?s decision to welcome Senior General Than Shwe, the head of the Burmese junta, in late July 2010 might have exhibited all the radiance of a reinvigorated relationship, but careful consideration of what exactly New Delhi has fostered with its eastern neighbor will reveal that Indo-Burmese relations remain uneasy. Despite enduring sympathies for Burma?s pro-democracy stirrings since 1988, India is now convinced that it must engage Burma for strategic reasons. However, the engagement with Burma?s praetorian leaders is simply not as constructive as often claimed. Furthermore, New Delhi seems divided over the issue of how exactly to engage Burma, and as a result has unintentionally abdicated the evolution of bilateral relations to Naypyidaw?s whims. If it wants to strengthen its leverage, including its democratizing influence over Burma, India needs to reassess its current policy and emerge with a formidable but actionable vision to obtain that goal. As such, India?s new Burma policy must be different from the Western sanctions-led approach, but it should also be better than the predatory arrangements imposed by Asian powers that seek to capture Burma?s natural assets but leave behind few tangible benefits for the Burmese people..."
Renaud Egreteau
Source/publisher:
Asia Pacific Bulletin (No. 66)
Date of publication:
2010-08-24
Date of entry/update:
2010-09-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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pdf
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66.03 KB
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Junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe made a pilgrimage to India in search of bilateral accords, development aid, legitimacy and atonement. He got at least some of what he was after...
"Burmese junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe?s five-day visit to India began with a pilgrimage to one of Buddhism?s most sacred shrines and ended with the signing of a wide range of agreements on finance, technology, arms and border issues....
As a result of these meetings, a series of bilateral treaties, memorandums of understanding and other agreements were signed..."
Zarni Mann
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 18, No. 8
Date of publication:
2010-08-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-08-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
How international intrigue led to the deaths of six Burmese freedom fighters and nine years detention without trial for 34 others...
"Why did India, once a supporter of democracy for Burma, become a friend of the military regime? This is the question asked repeatedly in ?Rogue Agent? by its author, the prominent Indian human rights lawyer Nandita Haksar.
Rogue Agent: How India?s Military Intelligence Betrayed the Burmese Resistance, by Nandita Haksar. Penguin Books India, 2009. P 242.
While telling the story of the Operation Leech debacle, in which Rakhine and Karen ?sea insurgents? were fatally betrayed by an Indian intelligence officer, Haksar never loses sight of the larger context of Indian Ocean geopolitics and the crushing of Burma between two mega-states, India and China..."
Edith Mirante
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 18, No. 1
Date of publication:
2010-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-02-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
"...During the last 15 years, New Delhi has been trying to pressurize Burma to cooperate in flushing out the insurgent outfits from northeast India.
But, why did Senior-General Than Shwe?s soldiers fail to flush out the northeast insurgents? Or, will Brigadier-General Phone Swe?s recent promise to G.K. Pillai to flush out northeast insurgents be fulfilled?
?The Burmese security agencies will never flush out the insurgents,” Lalngheta Sailo, a retired Director-General of Police of Mizoram said, adding that the guerillas from northeast India always pay monthly ?protection fee” to a section of officials in the Burmese Army.
Sailo said that a section of the Burmese Army officials, who enjoy financial support from the insurgents lead a lavish life. Otherwise, Burmese Army personnel don?t enjoy a large pay package, ?So, why will they kill the golden goose?” he said..."
Anirban Roy
Source/publisher:
Mizzima
Date of publication:
2010-02-06
Date of entry/update:
2010-02-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Abstract
India-Myanmar rapprochement began in 1991 and gained momentum in the latter part of the decade, as evidenced in the growing political, economic and military cooperation since 1998. This paper argues that it was during the period between 1998 and 2008 that the bilateral relationship withstood the test of critical events. Furthermore, expansion and diversification of these bilateral ties tookplace during the very same period. The paper identifies some issues that could emerge as potential fissures to upset the relationship. In conclusion, the paper suggests that it is high time the leadership of the two countries initiated measures to address these issues. As the stakes increase for both countries, it is imperative for them to ensure the sustenance of the hard earned relationship..
K. Yhome
Source/publisher:
OBSERVER RESEARCH FOUNDATION
Date of publication:
2009-02-00
Date of entry/update:
2009-06-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
New Delhi?s eagerness to supply Burma with weapons highlights new quid pro quo policies...
"Increased contacts between senior military chiefs o ?n both sides of the Burma-India border, involving Indian weapons sales, are believed by analysts to have two primary objectives: to help flush out Burma-based Indian insurgents and to counter growing Chinese influence in Naypyidaw.
But the sale of arms and related technical equipment is also likely to be linked to New Delhi"Look East" economic policy, including ambitions to buy huge quantities of Burma?s offshore gas in the Bay of Bengal. If the gas bid??against rivals China and Thailand??is successful, it will also involve building a costly pipeline through rebel-infested areas of northwest Burma and northeast India..."
Aung Lwin Oo
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No. 1
Date of publication:
2007-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2008-07-26
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations, Oil and gas, Arms (Military Expenditure, Arms Transfers, Arms Production Etc)
Language:
English
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Description:
A wealth of online primary (1947-present) and secondary documents on India?s foreign relations, including a number dealing with Burma/Myanmar, India?s Look East policy etc. Go to http://www.thescotties.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/ for material on China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific
David Scott
Source/publisher:
David Scott
Date of entry/update:
2008-04-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
Die jüngsten Demonstrationen in Burma sind eine erneute Bewährungsprobe für demokratische Werte in einer Welt, die zumindest in politischer Hinsicht größtenteils demokratisch ist.
Ebenso wie der Kampf der Werte auf den blutigen Straßen in Teilen Burmas sichtbar war, beschloss die benachbarte "größte Demokratie der Welt", die gleichzeitig ein strategischer Partner des Landes ist, eben jene Werte, die es tendenziell vertritt, aufs Spiel zu setzen. Der Rest der Welt ? insbesondere die USA und Europa ? tat kaum mehr als diplomatische Statements abzugeben und Indien und China zu drängen, entschieden vorzugehen.
Indisch-burmesische Beziehungen, Burma-US Amerikanische Beziehungen, Burma-EU Beziehungen, Sanktionen;
Indian-burmese, US-Burmese, EU-Burmese relations; sanctions;
Sachin Joshi
Source/publisher:
Südasien
Date of publication:
2008-01-30
Date of entry/update:
2008-02-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Multilateral Relations of Burma/Myanmar, China-Burma-India relations, India-Burma relations, Formal Sanctions
Language:
German, Deutsch
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Description:
Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre arrangierten sich alle indischen Regierungen mit dem östlichen Nachbarn. Die größte Demokratie der Welt zeigte sich sehr zurückhaltend gegenüber der kürzlichen Protestbewegung in Burma. Energieinteressen, die burmesische Hilfe bei der Bekämpfung von Rebellen im indischen Nordosten und die angestrebte Neutralisierung des mächtigen chinesischen Einflusses führten zu einem sichtbaren Appeasement gegenüber der ebident die Menschenrechte verletzenden burmesischen Junta. Es mangelt an einer überzeugenden Initiative der indischen Regionalmacht, das Thema Burma offensiv anzugehen; chinesischer Einfluss in Burma; Geo-Politik Burmas; indische Wirtschaftsinteressen in Burma; indisch-burmesische Militärkooperationen; chinese Influence in Burma; geo-politics of Burma; indian economic interests in Burma; indian-burmese military cooperation
Klaus Julian Voll
Source/publisher:
Asienhaus
Date of publication:
2007-04-25
Date of entry/update:
2008-01-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations, Burma and the Geopolitics of Oil and Gas, China-Burma-India relations
Language:
German, Deutsch
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Description:
Es erhob sich in letzter Zeit der Ruf nach einem energischen Auftreten Indiens gegen das Militärregime in Burma immer lauter. Die Rufer übersahen allerdings, dass die indisch-burmesischen Beziehungen, wie auch die zum Rest Südostasiens, alles andere als eng und damit die Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme ausgesprochen gering sind.
Außenpolitik Indiens; Indisch-chinesische Beziehung; Südostasien; SEATO; India`s foreign policy; Indian-Burmese Relations; Indian-Chinese Relations; Southeast Asia; Uprising 2007
Amit Das Gupta
Source/publisher:
Asienhaus
Date of publication:
2008-01-11
Date of entry/update:
2008-01-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations, Burma and the Geopolitics of Oil and Gas, China-Burma-India relations
Language:
German, Deutsch
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Description:
Abstract: "India?s Northeast has long been described as a remote and sensitive area, racially and culturally disconnected to mainland India but strategically attached to it. Expressions of ethnic identities since India?s independence have been very blunt in the whole region and many sub-nationalists developed a strong separatist stream from the late 1940s. Rapidly, the ethnic struggle became a well-organised and multidimensional militancy which took up arms and launched various enduring insurgencies against India?s central government. Facing a harsher repression orchestrated by New Delhi, the few separatist groups that had burgeoned in the region turned rapidly radical. Moreover, most of them had found in the local population their main back-up : the ?Robin Hood syndrome” they had created enabled them to benefit from a wide popular support.
This paper intends first to give a brief overview of the rise and growth of some of those separatist groups, with a special focus on the Nagas, the Mizos and the Assam movement. Insurgency took different forms in the Northeast as ethnic leaders chose different paths, means and patrons to pursue their struggle for recognition and/or separatism. Indeed, most of the armed ultras soon criminalised their activities in order to sustain their struggle. An analysis of the degeneration of these sub-nationalist movements into mere criminal groups has been proposed in this paper. With the Indian Armed Forces having more and more capacities and discretionary power of action, insurgency has radicalised its forms and activities. The criminalisation process will be broached by focusing the study on few separatist groups that have dropped their original revolutionary and lofty ideals to concentrate their struggle on easy money and underground activities, in spite of the fact that individualised interests, internecine rivalries and indiscriminate violence have often turned the population against those outfits.
Finally, how has the externality of the insurgency influenced this phenomenon? The third part of the paper will propose an overview of the rapid externalisation of all the insurgent groups. The linkages they have established across borders enabled them to obtain friendly support (Pakistan), funding (China, LTTE) and strategic shelter (Burma, Bangladesh). We will attempt to demonstrate how these external connections fuelled the instability in the Northeast and conceptualised their struggle and survival. However, in the meantime, the external factor could also be the solution to the problem: by opening up the Northeast and developing it as a result of a more globalised local economy, the stalemate could possibly be overcome."
Renaud Egreteau
Source/publisher:
French Research Institutes in India (CSH Occasional Paper No. 16, 2006)
Date of publication:
2006-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2007-06-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Business interests compete with human rights concerns in forging Burma policies...
Burma has shot back to the top of India?s foreign policy agenda following Indian President APJ Abdul Kalama?s visit last month, and battle lines are now being drawn in New Delhi over the contentious question of how to deal with the military junta.
The military establishment in India and its business community have started fresh lobbying in New Delhi to keep the country?s Burma policy of dealing with the generals on course. But human rights groups in the country and many smaller political parties want the government to come out in direct support of Burma?s pro-democracy movement..."
Subir Bhaumik
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy", Vol 14, No. 4
Date of publication:
2006-04-00
Date of entry/update:
2006-12-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
a symposium on Northeast India
and the look east policy...
The Problem:
Posed by Sanjib Baruah, Visiting Professor, Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi...
NORTHEAST INDIA IN A NEW ASIA:
Jairam Ramesh, Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)...
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES OR CONTINUING STAGNATION:
Sushil Khanna, Professor of Economics and Strategic Management, Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata...
WATERS OF DESPAIR, WATERS OF HOPE:
Sanjoy Hazarika, Managing Trustee, Centre for Northeast Studies and Policy Research, New Delhi and Guwahati...
PROSPECTS FOR TOURISM:
M.P. Bezbaruah, Former Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India...
OPERATION HORNBILL FESTIVAL 2004:
Dolly Kikon, Member, Working Group, Northeast Peoples? Initiative, Guwahati...
GUNS, DRUGS AND REBELS:
Subir Bhaumik, East India Correspondent, BBC, Kolkata...
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:
Jayeeta Sharma, Assistant Professor of History, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA...
TERRITORIALITIES YET UNACCOUNTED:
Karin Dean, Asia Correspondent, ?Postimees?, Bangkok...
COMMUNITY, CULTURE, NATION:
Mrinal Miri, Vice Chancellor, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong...
THE TAI-AHOM CONNECTION:
Yasmin Saikia, Assistant Professor of History, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA...
THE ETHNIC DIMENSION:
Samir Kumar Das, Reader, Department of Political Science, Calcutta University...
BOOKS:
Reviewed by Nandana Datta, Dulali Nag, Bodhisattva Kar, Nimmi Kurian and M.S. Prabhakara...
FURTHER READING:
Compiled by Sukanya Sharma, Fellow, Centre for Northeast India, South and Southeast Asia Studies, Guwahati...
COMMUNICATION:
Received from C.P. Bhambhri and B.K. Banerji.
Source/publisher:
Seminar magazine
Date of publication:
2005-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2006-05-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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It is known as the ?Road to Nowhere? or ?Ghost Road,? but there are hopes that political and strategic problems can be sidetracked to resurrect the World War II-era Ledo Road, running between India and China through Burma..."...India and China have sometimes made calls to reopen the Ledo Road. They have come from a visiting delegation from the Yunnan Provincial Chamber of Commerce at an international trade fair in Guwahati, the capital of Assam; from the Federation of Indian Export Organizations in Calcutta; and increasingly from a number of individual politicians and members of state governments in India?s northeast, especially from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Academics have also raised the issue. A handful of people are upbeat about the tourism prospects—of driving air-con jeeps across the mountains and through jungles and exotic places from India to China.
China appears to be the most prepared. It has already greatly upgraded its section of the Burma Road, built in 1937-38, into a modern, partly six-lane mountain highway..."
Karin Dean
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 13, No. 11
Date of publication:
2005-11-00
Date of entry/update:
2006-05-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Curb the anti-India militants, Rangoon is told...
"New Delhi isn?t satisfied. It wants more out of Rangoon. The March visit by India?s External Affairs Minister, Natwar Singh, to Burma was a clear signal that not enough is being done by Rangoon to satisfy its concern about anti-India militants operating from Burmese territory.
The official assessment in the corridors of power is that "something" is being done by Rangoon, but it?s not enough to deal with the anti-India militant groups, who are active in several provinces in India?s Northeast.
Natwar Singh is received in Rangoon by Foreign Minister Nyan Win
Placing New Delhi"It was agreed that dialogue and concrete cooperation to counter terrorist activities in the border region would be further strengthened."
From the context of these lines, it?s apparent that more dialogue and concrete cooperation between India and Burma are essential as far as New Delhi is concerned..."
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 13, No. 4
Date of publication:
2005-04-00
Date of entry/update:
2006-04-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
"Renaud Egreteau provides a sober, comprehensive record of how India?s relations with Burma changed over 1990s. But his analysis falls short..."
Satya Sivaraman
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 12, No. 2
Date of publication:
2004-02-00
Date of entry/update:
2004-06-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
India-Burma relations
Language:
English
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Description:
"The Western democracies have declared that their strong stances against the current military regime in Burma reflect principled stands against the 1988 massacres of pro-democracy demonstrators, the failure of the regime to recognize the results of the 1990 general elections (which resulted in a landslide victory for the main opposition parties), and the regime?s continuing human rights abuses. Yet it can be argued that such a strong and sustained position would have been less likely had the Cold War not ended and Burma?s importance in the global competition between the superpowers not significantly waned. Lacking any pressing strategic or military reason to cultivate Burma, and with few direct political or economic interests at stake, countries like the United States and the United Kingdom can afford to isolate the Rangoon regime and impose upon it pariah status. If this was indeed the calculation made in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it is possible that the changes that have occurred in the strategic environment since then may prompt a reconsideration of these policies.
Burma lies where South, Southeast, and East Asia meet; there the dominant cultures of these three subregions compete for influence. It lies also across the ?fault lines? between three major civilisations?Hindu, Buddhist, and Confucian.1 At critical times in the past, Burma has been a cockpit for rivalry between superpowers. Today, in the fluid strategic environment of the early twenty-first century, its important position is once again attracting attention from analysts, officials, and military planners. Already, Burma?s close relationship with China and the development of the Burmese armed forces have reminded South and Southeast Asian countries, at least, of Burma?s geostrategic importance and prompted a markedly different approach from that of the West..." The PDF version (222K) has a map and a 4-page presentation of Burma's geostrategic position not contained in the html version.
Andrew Selth
Source/publisher:
Naval War College Review, Spring 2002, Vol. LV, No. 2
Date of publication:
2002-04-00
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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225.59 KB
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