Historical research

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Description: "This list is intended for discussion related to research on Burma/Myanmar. We do not include political discussions per se, only insofar as they relate to the state of research in the field. You must be signed in and a member of this group to read its archive."
Source/publisher: SOAS
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Description: "Note: These entries will gradually be annotated. Furthermore, an entry is only included once, regardless of wider relevance. Eventually, all entries will be cross-listed to indicate other areas where a particular piece of research might be of use. This list has been compiled chiefly from direct surveys of the literature with additional information supplied by the bibliographies of numerous and various sources listed in the present bibliography. Additional sources include submissions from members of the BurmaResearch, EarlyBurma, and SEAHTP egroups, as well as public domain listings of personal publications on the internet. DISCLAIMER: This bibliography is solely a guide or survey to the literature. No claim is made for the accuracy or completeness of the information provided in this bibliography. The information provided is intended only as an initial survey of the literature. This site and its owner do not accept any responsibility for problems resulting from the use of the information provided. All information should be verified elsewhere. Suggestions are always welcome. Please note that newspaper and newsletter aricles will not be included in this list, as most are short pieces or extracts from already, or eventually to be, published works. © 2002 Michael W. Charney All rights reserved. This bibliography may be downloaded, copied, or printed, in whole or in part, solely for academic, non-profit purposes only and only under the following conditions: (1) the title page, containing full compilation and copyright information, must be retained and remain the only title page and (2) this bibliography must not be altered in any way. This is an end-user arrangement: this bibliography may not be recirculated or reposted, either in hardcopy or in electronic form. Downloading or copying this bibliography constitutes a binding agreement to the above-mentioned terms and conditions. For more information, contact Michael W. Charney at [email protected]. I. Archaeology & Pre-Pagan Era I. A Pre-Pagan: General Forbes, C. J. F. S. Legendary History of Burma and Arakan. Rangoon, Government Press. 1882. Despite the title there is very little here on Arakan [M.W.C.]. Ito, Toshikatsu. “Cotton Production and the Dry Areas in Mainland Southeast Asia From the 6 th to the 9 th Centuri[es].” In Fukui Hayao (ed.),The Dry Areas of Southeast Asia: Harsh or Benign Envrionment? (Kyoto: Kyot University, 1999): 95-105. Luce, G. H. Phases of Pre-Pagán Burma: Languages and History. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Luce, G. H. “The Advent of Buddhism to Burma.” In L. Cousins and A. Kunst (eds.). Buddhist Studies in Honour of Miss. I. B. Horner. (Dordrecht, 1974): 119-137. Movius, Hallam L., Jr. “Stone Age in Burma.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 32 (1943): 341-393. San Nyein, U. “Nyaunggan Bronze Age.” In Proceedings of the Myanmar Two Millenia Conference, 15-17 December 1999 (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 2000): III, 1-9. Stargardt, Janice. Tracing Through things: The Oldest Pali Texts and the Early Buddhist Archaeology of India and Burma. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2000. Than Tun. “Prehistoric Researches in Myanmar.” In Traditons in Current Perspective: Proceedings of the Conference on Myanmar and Southeast Asian Studies, 15-17 November 1995, Yangon (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 1996): 25-29. I. B. Pre-Pagan: Upper Burma Aung-Thwin, Michael. "Burma Before Pagan: The Satus of Archaeology Today." Asian Perspectives 25 (1982-83): 1-21. Brown, G. "The Origin of the Burmese." Journal of the Burma Research Society 2.1 (1911): 1-8. Burney, Henry. “Discovery of Buddhist Images with Deva-nagari Inscriptions at Tagaoung, the Ancient Capital of the Burmese Empire.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1836): 157- 164. Grant-Brown, W. F. "The Pre-Buddhist Religion of the Burmese." Folklore 32 (1921): 77-100. Luce, G. H. “Old Kyaukse and the Coming of the Burmans.” Journal of the Burma Research Society 42.1 (1959):. 75-109. Luce, G. H. "Davaravati and Old Burma." Journal of the Siam Society 53 (1965): 9-25. Miksic, John. “Cities in Ancient Myanmar: Orthogenetic or Heterogenetic?” In Proceedings of the Myanmar Two Millenia Conference, 15-17 December 1999 (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 2000): III, 21-38. Myint Aung, U. "The Capital of Suvannabhumi Unearthed?" Shiroku 10 (1977): 41-53. Nay Thaung, Daw, et al. “The Record of the First New Finding on the Occurrence of Anthropoid Primates? Pilopithecus in Myanmar.” Myanmar Historical Research Journal 3 (December 1998): 1-6 + plates. Charney (comp.) 9 Ni Ni Myint, Daw. “ Report on Recent Archaeological Finds in Budalin Township: Sagaing Division.” Myanmar Historical Research Journal 3 (December 1998): 7-9 + plates. Nitta, Eiji. "The Situation of the Neolithic Culture of Padah-lin Caves in the Context of Southeast Asian History." In Okudaira, Ryuji, Saito, Teruko, & Than Tun (eds.), Burma and Japan: Basic Studies on their Cultural and Social Structure (Tokyo: The Burma Studies Group[Japan], 1987): 161-168. Tin Thein. “ Primates of Pondaung.” Myanmar Perspectives 2.4 (1997): 66-69. I.C. Pre-Pagan: Lower Burma & the Pyu Aung Thaw. (ed.). Reports on the Excavations at Beikthano. Rangoon: Sarpay Beikman. 1968. Gutman, Pamela. “ The Pyu Maitreyas.” In Traditons in Current Perspective: Proceedings of the Conference on Myanmar and Southeast Asian Studies, 15-17 November 1995, Yangon (Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 1996): 165-178. Luce, G. H. "The Ancient Pyu." Journal of the Burma Research Society 27 (1937): 239-253. Luce, G. H. "Rice and Religion: A Study of Old Mon-Khmer Evolution and Culture." Journal of the Siam Society 53 (1965): 139-153. Sao Saimöng Mangrai. “ Did Sona and Uttara come to Lower Burma?” Journal of the Burma Research Society 59 (1976): 155-164. Shorto, H. L. “ The Gavampti-Tradition.” In Himansu Bhusan Sarkar (ed.). R. C. Majumdar Felicitation Volume (Calcutta 1970): 15-30. Stargardt, Janice. The Ancient Pyu of Burma. Vol. I: Early Pyu Cities in a Man-made Landscape. Cambridge: 1990. Stargardt, Janice. “ Hydraulic Works and Southeast Asian Polities.” In David G. Marr & A. C. Milner (ed.), Southeast Asia in the 9 th to 14 th Centuries (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies): 23-37. I.D. Pre-Pagan: Western Burma Ali, Syed Murtaza. "Chandra Kings of Pattikera and Arakan." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 6 (1961): 267-274. Banerji, R. D. "Unrecorded Kings of Arakan." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (New Series) 16 (1920): 85. Ghosal, S. N. "Missing Links in Arakan History." In M. E. Haq (ed.). Abdul Karim Sahitya-Visarad Commemorative Volume; Essays on Archaeology, Art, History, Literature and Philosophy of the Orient. (Dacca: 1972): 255-266. Ghosh, J. C. "The Candra Dynasty of Arakan." Indian Historical Quarterly 7 (1931): 37-40. Gutman, Pamela. "Ancient Arakan (Burma) With Special Reference to its Cultural History Between the 5th and 11th Centuries." Ph.D. Dissertation, Australian National University, 1976. San Shwe Bu. "A Votive Tablet Found at Akyab." Journal of the Burma Reearch Society 8 (1918): 39- 40. San Shwe Bu. "The Legend of the Early Aryan Settlement of Arakan." Journal of the Burma Reearch Society 11.2 (1911): 66-69..."
Source/publisher: Michael W. Charney (SOAS)
2002-09-26
Date of entry/update: 2021-10-13
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "The Abhiraja/Dhajaraja story, the most important origin myth legitimizing Burmese kingship, is widely viewed as a central Burmese (Burman) tradition. Based on evidence from available pre-eighteenth century historical texts, many previously unexamined by scholars, this article finds that the Abhiraja/Dhajaraja origin myth developed in western Burma over three centuries before its appearance in central Burma in a 1781 court treatise. This analysis demonstrates that during a significant 1 The author owes gratitude to numerous colleagues who, at different stages, offered help of various kinds. Special gratitude, however, is owed to Vic Lieberman, Ryuji Okudaira, and Atsuko Naono for their extensive comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. In addition, Ryuji Okudaira helped me gain a copy of one of the chief western Burmese chronicles under examination in this article. Help has also been provided in gaining access to premodern Burmese texts by Patricia Herbert and the late Daw May Kyi Win. The author is also indebted to U Saw Tun for raising my interest in premodern Burmese literature during my language training in literary Burmese. period of cultural borrowing, from the 1780s until the 1820s, central Burmese (Burman) literati inserted western Burmese (Arakanese) myths and historical traditions into an evolving central Burmese historical perspective with which most scholars are more familiar. Introduction Several origin myths made the royal ancestry of Burmese kings sacred by connecting them genealogically to a solar dynasty. The first, likely pre-Buddhist, origin myth traced the lineage of Burmese kings to Pyu-zàw-htì (Pyu-mìn-htì), the son of the Sun God and a naga princess.2 Second, Mahasammata, the first human king of the world in Buddhist thought, served as both a legitimizing model for unifying Burmese kings and, secondarily, as an origin myth for certain Burmese kings who drew up loose genealogies connecting themselves to him.3 A third origin myth provided a fuller elaboration of these genealogies to demonstrate a clearer lineage from Mahasammata to the Burmese kings, through the intermediary of the solar race of the Sakiyan clan (the same clan from whom later sprang Gotama Buddha). 2 Maung Kalà [Ù Kalà], Maha-ya-zawin-gyì, Saya Pwa (ed.), Rangoon: Burma Research Society, 1926, I, p. 143; Shin Sandá-linka, Maní-yadana-bon, Rangoon: Di-bat-sa Press, 1896, pp. 10-11; Zei-yá-thinhkaya, Shwei-bon-ní-dàn, Yangon: Zwei-sa-bei-reib-myoun, 1957, pp. 99-100; See also the discussion in Ryuji Okudaira, “Rekishiteki Haikei,” in Ayabe Tsuneo & Ishii Yoneo (eds.)., Motto Shiritai Myanmar, 2nd ed., Tokyo: Kobundo, 1994, pp. 9-13. This work was thankfully translated for the author by Atsuko Naono. 3 For Burmese thought on the Mahasammata myth as legitimation for earthly rulers, see William J. Koenig, The Burmese Polity, 1752-1819: Politics, Administration, and Social Organization in the Early Kon-baung Period, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1990, pp. 65-67, 69-71, 73-74, 93; Victor B. Lieberman, Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580-1760, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984, pp. 66, 72-4, 83; S. According to this myth, a king of this clan, having lost his kingdom in Northern India, found his way to central Burma. There he established the first Burmese state, Tagaung. When Tagaung was later destroyed, a second ruler of the Sakiyan clan reestablished it.4 According to this origin myth, all Burmese kings are descended from this clan and, given the connection made in Burmese histories between Mahasammata and the Sakiya clan, from Mahasammata himself.5 Although this origin myth has been treated in the secondary literature on Burmese history as a development stemming out of central Burmese thought, it did not surface in central Burmese texts until 1781 in Shin Sandá-linka’s Maní-yadana-bon. 6 The absence of any reference to this myth in Burmese inscriptions and its late appearance in Burmese chronicles led the epigraphist G. H. Luce to argue that: The old view of some (not all) Burmese historians [concerning Tagaung] is hardly worth discussion. The Abhiraja/Dhajaraja legends were presumably invented to give Burmans a noble derivation from the Sakiyan line of Gotama Buddha himself. But one has only to put a Burman between a North Indian and a Chinese, to see at a glance where his racial connections lie.7 J. Tambiah, World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand Against a Historical Background, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976, pp. 93-4. 4 Hman-nàn maha-ya-zawin-daw-gyì, Mandalay: Ratana Theiddi Press, 1908, I, pp. 175-182. 5 Koenig, The Burmese Polity, pp. 86-87. 6 Shin Sandá-linka, Maní-yadana-bon, Rangoon: Di-bat-sa Press, 1896. Pe Maung Tin explains, however, that this myth did not enter central Burmese chronicles until 1785, with the appearance of the New Pagan Chronicle. See Pe Maung Tin, “Introduction,” in Pe Maung Tin & G. H. Luce (trans.), The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, London: Oxford University Press, 1923, p. xv..."
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Source/publisher: School of Oriental and African Studies (London)
2002-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2021-10-10
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "David Arnott, who died earlier this month in Thailand, was at the vanguard of online activism targeting Myanmar’s regime and spent the last two decades of his life building the internet’s largest collection of material about the country. By TIMOTHY MCLAUGHLIN | FRONTIER Mr David Arnott, a longtime human rights activist who built and for almost two decades dutifully maintained a vast online collection of Myanmar documents, died earlier this month in Mae Sot, Thailand. He was 77. Arnott’s death at his home on December 7 was confirmed by Daw Khin Ohmar, a fellow activist and friend. The cause of death was heart disease, she said. Arnott’s health had deteriorated in recent years. Melding decades of dogged activism with a penchant for combing through piles of source material, Arnott began creating an online archive of documents related to Myanmar in 2001. The collection, officially titled The Online Burma/Myanmar Library, grew continuously over the next 19 years, more than living up to its claim to be the “largest single source of organised Burma/Myanmar material on the internet”. Built on a shoestring budget, Arnott’s bare-bones website provided anyone with an interest in Myanmar and an internet connection (even a patchy one) access to tens of thousands of pages of material: news stories, government announcements, reports, laws and legal documents, some dating to the 1800s. Much of it had been previously unavailable in a digital format and all of it was provided at no cost. The library would have been a tremendous resource for research on any country, but was all the more valuable because for much of the site’s life the military’s State Peace and Development Council government heavily restricted the flow of information out of Myanmar. Exiled journalists pored over the state-run newspapers Arnott uploaded daily, searching for clues on who was on the rise and who among the ruling military brass had been “allowed to retire”. Academics and researchers navigated the prosaic pale yellow-coloured site, overlaid with dark brown headings and body text and bright blue links, in search of documents to bolster their research. “At a time when authoritarian regimes are finding new novel ways to stifle the collection, management and distribution of information, he [Arnott] had already amassed an unparalleled cache of documents on one of the most closed dictatorships of the 20th century,” said Mr Lee Morgenbesser, a senior lecturer at Griffith University in Australia. “Thanks to his efforts, the Burma Library has been an invaluable resource for scholars investigating the very nature of Myanmar politics and society.” Arnott’s project began as activists outside Myanmar were experimenting with online advocacy, which was then still in its infancy. Ms Edith Mirante, the author of two books on Myanmar, first met Arnott in the mid-1990s and described him as an “intellectual adventurer”. He envisioned building an ever-expanding online library made up of not only mainstream press and dissident sources, but also government edicts and historical materials important to researchers seeking a wide range of perspectives. In many ways, she said, “he was ahead of his time on understanding free information access as key for Burma’s future”. There is no doubt that he succeeded in his mission. Tributes to Arnott’s legacy were shared on social media and spread quickly among Myanmar watchers and activists in the days following his death. Martin Smith, a Myanmar researcher and analyst who first met Arnott in London in the late 1980s, wrote that the library was a “powerful testimony to a lifetime of selfless endeavour and human rights dedication”. A focal point for activism David Nicholas Arnott was born October 13, 1947 in Dewsbury, England. He studied at Reading University and travelled extensively in the 1960s and 70s. An avid photographer, Arnott wrote that while he did occasionally take photos of landscapes or people, he preferred to take pictures of walls, rubbish bins and trees, the “ugly or banal – valorising the everyday”. It’s not known if he had any family members or relatives. Throughout the early 1980s Arnott founded a number of organisations focused on Buddhism, Tibet, Vietnam and the Chittagong Hill Tracts region in southeastern Bangladesh, according to a copy of his resume. In 1987, he turned his focus to Myanmar, co-founding the Burma Peace Foundation with the assistance of an influential UK-based Sayadaw, U Rewata Dhamma. Arnott relocated the organisation four years later to New York City to be closer to the United Nations, where he assisted activists and provided UN officials with information on Myanmar. The same year Arnott founded the Burma Action Group UK, which became the advocacy group Burma Campaign UK in 1999. Arnott then uprooted in the mid-1990s and moved to Geneva, where he remained a constant presence in and around the UN. Mirante recalled him wheeling a stack of documents nearly as tall as himself into a meeting of the International Labor Organization on forced labor in Myanmar. He had, she said, “collected everything, organised thousands of pages, so much proof of human rights violations, the incontrovertible evidence that was needed”. Over the years Arnott welcomed hundreds of Myanmar activists to his small apartment in Geneva, which was just steps away from the Palace of Nations. His living room, which doubled as an office, was covered with maps of Myanmar and stacked with filing cabinets and books. Arnott’s collection of tropical plants snaked through the space, making it resemble a scene from the sci-fi novel “The Day of the Triffids”, said Ms Debbie Stothard. The founder and coordinator of ALTSEAN-Burma, Stothard stayed with him during her visits to Switzerland in the late 1990s and early 2000s. During major UN meetings, Stothard said, his apartment would be crammed with visitors. To feed the crowd, Arnott, a vegetarian and Buddhist, cooked large pots of red curry with pumpkin, canned beans and whatever other vegetables he could purchase at a discount. Stothard estimated she had “smuggled kilos” of curry paste to Switzerland for him in her years visiting Geneva. In October 2001, Arnott launched the Online Burma/Myanmar Library. It soon became the Burma Peace Foundation’s main activity. The creation of the site came a few years after Myanmar activists had begun to skilfully embrace the internet, using it not just to share information but also wage campaigns aimed at pressuring corporations to boycott the country and governments to take tougher measures against the military. Maung Zarni, then a graduate student, founded the Free Burma Coalition in the mid-1990s, pioneering the use of the internet in advocacy work. Around the same time, Mr Douglas Steele, a recent university graduate, launched the BurmaNet newsletter, compiling news from along the Thai-Myanmar border and sending it out on a daily basis. The newsletter delivered a near-daily news roundup to inboxes until the end of 2016. ‘You can find them on the OBL’ For many years, OBL, as the library is widely referred to by its enthusiastic users, had a rudimentary appearance. What it lacked in style it more than made up for in substance. Working mostly on his own, Arnott compiled the thousands of documents and catalogued them, including daily updates of state-run newspapers – The New Light of Myanmar, Myanma Ahlin and Kyemon – that carried detailed, if monotonous, official reports on the inspection tours and meetings of government officials, as well as screeds against the military regime’s critics. The library included more obscure periodicals, like The Mon Forum, and ones with limited or no internet presence at all. “On the border, we were in the jungle; we didn’t have a place to archive meetings. The publications, we don’t have them anymore, but you can find them on the OBL,” said Khin Ohmar. The library also contained a host of other valuable material like the 13-volume Burma Code, an enormous set of laws and regulations dating from 1818 to 1954. Mr Thomas Kean, the former editor of The Myanmar Times, said Arnott was often the first to alert him that the newspaper’s IT team had forgotten to upload the most recent edition of the paper to the site in a PDF format. The site was regularly offline due to internet outages, technical issues or hacking attempts, and Arnott, always eager to make sure he didn’t miss an edition, was usually the first to enquire when it would be back up and running, Kean said. “David’s dedication to ensuring The Online Burma Library had a complete archive of everything in the public domain was unwavering,” said Kean, who is now editor-in-chief of Frontier. Relocation to Mae Sot in 2004 meant Arnott could more easily liaise with the active Myanmar community on the border, but government restrictions on the internet within Myanmar kept many people there from accessing the library. That ended in 2011 when controls on the web were eased by the government of then-President U Thein Sein. A recent funding proposal to expand the library said Google Analytics showed some 30 percent of the traffic to the site now originated from within Myanmar. The library, which subsisted on small grants and donations, faced financial difficulties in recent years. Like many border-based organisations, it struggled to attract support as donor funding increasingly shifted to Myanmar-based groups. Arnott, who friends described as extremely private and at times could be demanding and abrasive, also found fundraising activities “very tedious”, the recent funding proposal said. He resisted promoting the library on social media, in part to avoid any appearance of bias. In 2018 the site received its first major facelift since its launch almost two decades earlier. Along with a more modern palette and fonts, the interface was re-worked and search function improved. Arnott was keen to add more Burmese and texts in ethnic minority languages, such as Pwo and S’Gaw Karen, to the library. He also had contemplated handing off operations and moving it inside Myanmar. Khin Ohmar said the library transcended the political changes of Myanmar and the waves of people who have become interested in the country over time. It is exhilarating, she said, when someone tells her that they have found the site for the first time. “I’m so thrilled to see that the young generations have access to it.”..."
Source/publisher: "Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
2020-12-18
Date of entry/update: 2020-12-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "RIDE CHANNEL Feature February 2014 - Winner of Best Independent and Emerging Film Makers at the International Skateboard Film Festival 2011 - WATCH THE FOLLOW UP TO ALTERED FOCUS, YOUTH OF YANGON vimeo.com/58578845 (MADE PUBLIC - 9th May 2011) Filmed in the summer of 2009, Altered Focus: Burma follows three film makers and skateboarders as they travel across Yangon and Mandalay. The film explores the reaction to this unseen activity whilst touching on the political situation there..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: "Vimeo"
2011-02-10
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-17
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: This article was written under the pen-name Sann Aung. About ancient artifacts destroyed by careless people. Some Burmese lack knowledge about the importance of preserving our cultural heritage, so they needlessly destroy many Myanmar antiquities.....Subject Terms: 1. Archaeology..... Key Words 1. Military document... 2. Historical sites
Creator/author: Col. Ba Shin
Source/publisher: "Bagan Sar-oke", No. 153, pp31-39, Bagan Sar-oke Taik via University of Washington
1968-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-16
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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Description: "Myeik" is a famous city in Tenimtharyi division. But the term Myeik is different from "Maliek" and "Marate". In Shan language the word Marate means "Ma" horse, while "rate" means pillar, therefore Marate means Horse Pillar. Literary people called Myeik "Maleik". According to Bagan inscriptions the original word Maleik came to mean Myeik.....Subject Terms: Myeik..... Key Words Maryeik
Creator/author: Col. Ba Shin
Source/publisher: "Bagan Sar-oke", No. 153, pp295-308, Bagan Sar-oke Taik, via University of Washington
1968-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-16
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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Description: "?The ‘Living? Bibliography of Burma Studies: The Secondary Literature” was first published in 2001, with the last update dated 26 April 2003. The SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research has been expanded to include a special bibliographic supplement this year, and every other year hereafter, into which additions and corrections to the bibliography will be incorporated. In the interim, each issue of the SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research will include a supplemental list, arranged by topic and subtopic. Readers are encouraged to contact the SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research with information about their publications, hopefully with a reference to a topic and sub-topic number for each entry, so that new information can be inserted into the bibliography correctly. References should be submitted in the form followed by the bibliography, using any of the entries as an example. Please note that any particular entry will only be included once, regardless of wider relevance. Eventually, all entries will be cross-listed to indicate other areas where a particular piece of research might be of use. This list has been compiled chiefly from direct surveys of the literature with additional information supplied by the bibliographies of numerous and various sources listed in the present bibliography. Additional sources include submissions from members of the BurmaResearch (including the former Earlyburma) and SEAHTP egroups, as well as public domain listings of personal publications on the internet. Please also note that newspaper and newsletter articles, encyclopedia articles, conference papers, and papers in progress will not be included in this list, as most are short pieces or extracts from already, or eventually to be, published works." M. W. C.
Creator/author: Michael Charney
Source/publisher: SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research Bibliographic Supplement (Winter, 2004) ISSN 1479-8484
2004-12-00
Date of entry/update: 2005-04-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 1.05 MB
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