Sea-level rise, Burma/Myanmar

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Websites/Multiple Documents

Description: About 3,090 results
Source/publisher: Various sources via Youtube
Date of entry/update: 2017-08-20
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Description: 106 results (October 2017)
Source/publisher: Mongabay via Google
Date of entry/update: 2017-10-26
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Individual Documents

Description: "Three years ago, the villagers watched as the Sittaung River on Myanmar’s southeast coast crept closer to them, swollen by powerful tidal surges from the Gulf of Mottama that eroded its banks. Eventually, the 1,500 residents of Ta Dar U had to accept the inevitable: move or be washed away. Dismantling their wooden homes, they relocated several kilometers inland, away from the fertile fields they had cultivated for decades. “Where we now see water, our farming land used to be,” said farmer Tint Khaing. “It was very big, nearly three hours’ walking distance. We all lost our farmland to the sea.” Ta Dar U is among hundreds of villages at the frontline of Myanmar’s climate crisis, where extreme weather patterns and rising sea levels have amplified and accelerated natural erosion. Environmentalists consider Myanmar to be particularly vulnerable. It was among the top three countries affected by extreme weather between 1998 and 2018 on the Global Climate Risk Index, published by environmental think tank Germanwatch..."
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Source/publisher: "Reuters" (UK)
2020-02-27
Date of entry/update: 2020-02-27
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Salt water is seeping into freshwater underground aquifers that are used to irrigate crops and provide communities with water for drinking and washing, but because these aquifers are out of sight, they get less attention than surface water...
Description: "U Myint Thein, a senior hydro-geologist, has urged government agencies in Myanmar to create policies, legislation and other supporting tools to help preserve groundwater. “To control and reduce vulnerability to climate change – as well as to the overexploitation by human activity – policies, legislation and other supporting tools should be developed by government agencies in a coordinated manner when enacting norms and regulations,” U Myint Thein said. Meanwhile, farmers in need of a quick fix and engineers concerned about the safety of coastal communities are calling for protective polders that can be used to reduce flooding and allow for seasonal planting. Polders are low-lying tracts of land that have been reclaimed from the sea and are surrounded by dikes that create boundaries where the water may be drained off through tide gates and automatically closed to prevent re-entry of seawater at high tide. The land surface here suffers less saltwater intrusion and allows fresh water to recharge the aquifer. Therefore, even though the groundwater cannot be used for domestic purposes, farmers can still use the land to grow rice paddy and create a reservoir to store rainwater. Polders created in Pyapon and Bogale townships in the lower Ayeyarwady delta by the Paddy I Project, initiated by the World Bank from 1976 to 1985, for many years helped reclaim abandoned farmland in lower Myanmar. The project has helped to reduce flooding, control fresh water and allow for seasonal planting. But the polders need to be built higher in order to prepare for climate change and protect against extreme cases like Cyclone Nargis, according to local engineers. That cyclone destroyed over 23,000 hectares of paddy fields in 2008, causing over 100,000 deaths in the delta..."
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Source/publisher: "Myanmar Times" via Myanmar Water Portal
2019-09-10
Date of entry/update: 2019-09-11
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Flood waters in most parts of Ye township in Mon State began to recede on Sunday, dropping by 30 centimetres as rain that has been hitting the area has stopped for now, said Amyotha Hluttaw (Upper House) MP U Myo Win.
Description: "“The worst flooding seen in Ye was recorded in 1942, and this is the second-worst flooding in 70 years. At present, water is falling gradually although people are still worried and praying there is no more heavy rain coming,” U Myo Win said. “Last night, the water rose to the upper level of two-storey houses at about 30cm per hour and people were frightened and asking for help before phone connections were lost,” he added. An estimated 5000 people who were trapped all Saturday night were rescued, and most people have been evacuated to higher ground, including Shwesandaw Pagoda and the train station in town, he said. “All phone lines were down after 5pm yesterday (Saturday). Of four major phone lines, only one worked but the connection was intermittent. We had no communications with villages, and we dared not go to Chaung Taung village, which was closest to us, because the floodwaters were so strong. We are still disconnected from Han Gan, Chaung Taung, Kyaung and Kyauk Mee Chaung villages,” he said. In the morning, the sun came out and two motorboats from the regional government arrived, he said..."
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Source/publisher: "Myanmar Times"
2019-08-12
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "The greenhouse is present for two centuries. Greenhouse gases are necessary because without it the earth would be too cold to hold liquid water but limited. From those years the greenhouse gases called Carbon dioxide effect has increased in concentration by about 50%. That is boosting to change climate “Climate Changes”. Climate change has profound impacts on the earth's resources and the environment in onshore as well as offshore. Here one of the earth's resources is Groundwater that is threading by climate change. In Myanmar, Groundwater in coastal areas and delta area closed to the sea are starts facing that effect. Of that sea level rising by ice, glaciers melting are causing the greatest sign of seawater intrusion to Groundwater at Ayeyarwaddy delta area in Myanmar, mostly in the lower part of widening delta area. And impacts of climate change on Groundwater are slower than others such as surface water but permanently worsen the groundwater by depletion and degradation. Climate changes are linking with sea level rising, saltwater intrusion, increasing temperature, precipitation and recharge to groundwater. These points are threatening to Groundwater in the long-term. According to the Global Climate Risk Index, Myanmar is the second most vulnerable in the world to the impacts of climate change from 1993 to 2014 (Kreft et al., 2014). 2 - Ayeyarwady Delta and Coastal Region The Ayeyarwady Delta fans out from the limit of tidal influence at Myan Aung to the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The low land (Alluvial plain) of Delta is as low as just 3 meters above sea level. Length of the coastal of the lower seaward third of the delta is completely flat with no local relief and stretches for 130 kilometers from east to west. The sea is very shallow with depths less than 5.5 m across the coastline. Deforestation has changed the landscape. As a result of constant accretion into the sea, the delta is advancing year by year. One scientific study estimated that the Delta lost 1,685 km2 (651 mi2) from 1978 to 2011..."
Source/publisher: Myanmar Water Portal
2019-07-18
Date of entry/update: 2019-07-26
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : pdf
Size: 137.51 KB
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Description: ''Globally, three times as many people are now displaced annually because of extreme weather events and climate change than those displaced due to conflict. The vast majority of those displaced live in developing countries, 81% of whom reside in Asia. The planned relocation of communities from their homes and lands necessitated by the effects of extreme weather events and climate change is becoming one of the greatest threats to the enjoyment of human rights and to broader concerns of peace and security. This is especially so in Myanmar. The country is ranked second out of 187 countries in the Global Climate Risk Index for vulnerability to climatic natural disasters, and the country remains worryingly unprepared for dealing with natural disasters. This will be only further compounded by the large-scale displacement of populations likely due to climate change impacts such as rising sea levels, coastal erosion, and temporary or permanent inundation. Millions of people may be forced to flee their homes and lands along the country’s 2000km coastline, adding to the tragic legacy of displacement in the country...''
Creator/author: Scott Leckie
Source/publisher: Open Global Rights
2018-06-26
Date of entry/update: 2019-01-08
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Description: "It will remain warm in most places around the country during the cool season from now until February, weathermen predicted on Tuesday. U Kyaw Moe Oo, director general of the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, said only the northern part of the country will experience cool weather this winter. “The outlook for winter is normal this year, but Shan and Kachin states will be colder than other parts of country. We predict that generally the winter will be normal nationwide,” U Kyaw Moe Oo said. There are three seasons in Myanmar – hot, rainy and cool. “Normally, we start to feel the cool weather in December,” he said. During the past few years, Myanmar has experienced the effects of climate change, and the weather has become unpredictable, with high temperatures in winter being one of the effects of global warming, he said..."
Source/publisher: "Myanmar Times"
2018-11-21
Date of entry/update: 2018-12-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: Video: 18 minutes and 21 seconds. "Myanmar is one of the most affected countries in the world by the negative effects of climate change. Events such as Cyclone Nargis, which killed more than 130,000 people, heatwaves in 2010, large floods in 2015 have disastrous impact on lives and economy of the country. Climate change increase the intensity and likelihood of these events. But there is also an invisible, treacherous side to climate change, which is transforming society. Sea-level is rising, salinizing water sources and farmlands; increased temperatures are affecting agriculture, pushing many to migrate. From the Delta area to to the mountains in the North, climate change threatens the way of life of Myanmar, and its development. But there are ways to adapt: through research, smart investment, planning, new agriculture and engineering, awareness. Myanmar's people can live and even thrive in the age of warmer days."
Source/publisher: Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA) via Youtube
2017-12-07
Date of entry/update: 2018-12-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Voice: Burmese; Subtitles: English
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Description: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: "Globally three times as many people are now displaced annually because of extreme weather events and climate change than those displaced due to conflict, with the vast majority of those displaced living in developing countries, 81% of whom reside in Asia. The movement and planned relocation of people and communities from their homes and lands necessitated by the effects of extreme weather events and climate change is rapidly becoming one of the greatest threats to the enjoyment of human rights and to broader concerns of peace and security in Myanmar. Climate displacement from both extreme weather events and climate change are set to pose a particularly dramatic challenge for the people and government of Myanmar. According to one survey, the country is currently ranked second out of 187 countries in the Global Climate Risk Index for vulnerability to climatic natural disasters. Still reeling from the effects of Cyclone Nargis in 2008, a decade on the country remains worryingly unprepared for dealing with natural disasters and this will be only further compounded when considering the large-scale displacement of populations which may occur as a result of climate change impacts such as rising sea levels, coastal erosion and temporary or permanent inundation. A recent report has predicted that sea level in Myanmar will rise by up to 50cm by 2050.3 Apart from some low-lying areas being permanently inundated, sea level rise will also affect season coastal flooding and storm surge intensity during cyclones and tropical storms. Additionally, rising salinity levels, salt water intrusion and ocean acidification will bring additional pressures to livelihood viability of local communities living in these effected coastal regions. Given the scale of the crisis affecting Myanmar, the government needs to develop pro-active, appropriate preventative policies and capacities to specifically respond to climate displacement threats from both extreme weather events and future climate change If not, millions of people may be forced to flee their homes and lands along the country?s 2000km coastline. This potential displacement catastrophe is only further compounded when populations living along the country?s many rivers and waterways are impacted as floodplains become increasingly uninhabitable, adding to the massive displacement that has already taken place due to decades of conflict and disaster. While it is clear that millions will be affected by climate change in the decades to come, there has been virtually no vulnerability mapping or planning in Myanmar to identify at risk communities from climate displacement, nor assessments of potential locations for resettlement. It is also not clear which, if any, targeted institutions, policies or programmes are in place to support these communities."
Source/publisher: Displacement Solutions, Ecodev
2018-05-23
Date of entry/update: 2018-10-30
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 2.75 MB
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Description: Abstract: "Coastal squeeze is defined as the reduction in the space of coastal habitats to operate [1] and it is an important cause for (amongst others) coastline retreat, an increase in flood risk and salinity intrusion. Land use changes, such as deforestation and urbanization, reduce the space of natural habitats such as mangrove forests. This causes a deterioration of these habitats, which leads to a reduction of their natural protective and provisioning functions. Costs related to these function losses can be avoided by early recognition of coastal squeeze and early action against it. The coastal zone inMyanmar is subject to urbanization, extreme weather conditions (cyclones), increase in agri- and aquaculture and (illegal) felling of mangroves. TU Delft and partners are developing a research proposal in order to investigate the occurrence of coastal squeeze in Myanmar and to use this knowledge to develop a decision making tool that can operate within an integrated coastal zone management strategy. Our research is a scoping study to investigate how remote sensing analysis (using freely available Landsat imagery) can contribute to early recognition of coastal squeeze. This is applied on a case study of the lower Ayeyarwady delta in Myanmar, a crucial agricultural zone nicknamed the ?Rice Bowl of Myanmar?. Analysis of Landsat imagery has been done to create a series of land use maps and determine coastline changes. This analysis has led to varying results. The use of recent Landsat imagery combined with data gathered by fieldwork has promising results to accurately calculate land use for large areas. Unfortunately this technique loses accuracy rapidly when applied to imagery from the past. Causes are the quality of the imagery (Landsat in general and the used techniques to obtain surface reflection images), the quality of the algorithm used for the classification and the quality and quantity of our ground truth data set. Extraction of the coastline for the past 30 years has been done with a reasonable accuracy of § 60 meters. Trends of coastline retrogradation and/or progradation along the coast of the delta have been identified and are presented in a map. Another output of this scoping study is an indicative map that identifies coastline types along the Ayeyarwady delta coastline".....Subject coastal squeeze Ayeyarwady Delta Myanmar remote sensing Landsat land use classification QGIS ground truthing coastline change
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Source/publisher: TU Delft Library
2015-05-27
Date of entry/update: 2018-01-17
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf pdf
Size: 4.45 MB 232.06 MB
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Description: "...Combined with its geographical location (sandwiched between two of the world?s largest polluters, China and India), it is no wonder that the country was recently called the second most vulnerable in the world to the impacts of climate change. Of these, the effects of rising sea level have some of the greatest potential for causing widespread devastation in the country. The estimated 0.5 meter rise, which is predicted to occur by 2100, could result in the Ayeyarwady Delta shoreline advancing by 10 km ? a development which would significantly impact poorer, rural Burmese employed in the agricultural sector..."
Creator/author: Dr. Miriam Grinberg
Source/publisher: PISAspeak
2016-12-29
Date of entry/update: 2017-03-24
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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