General and National administration
Websites/Multiple Documents
Description:
About 20,800 results (August 2017)
Source/publisher:
Various sources via Youtube
Date of entry/update:
2017-08-20
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
General and National administration
Language:
English, Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Description:
Main article: Subdivisions of Myanmar...
The 14 states and divisions of Myanmar.
Myanmar is divided into seven states and seven divisions.Divisions are predominantly Bamar. States, in essence, are divisions which are home to particular ethnic minorities. The administrative divisions are further subdivided into townships, wards, and villages. Major cities are divided into districts called townships...
Divisions
* Ayeyarwady Division
* Bago Division
* Magway Division
* Mandalay Division
* Sagaing Division
* Tanintharyi Division
* Yangon Division...
States
* Chin State
* Kachin State
* Kayin State
* Kayah State
* Mon State
* Rakhine State
* Shan State...
Geography...The links to the individual States and Divisions are subdivided in various ways, e.g.:
* 1 Geography
* 2 Economy
* 3 Population
* 4 History
* 5 References
* 6 See also
* 7 External links
* 8 Bibliography
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2007-01-24
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
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Individual Documents
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"၂ဝ၁၁ ခုနှစ်တွင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသည် ဒီမိုကရေစီစနစ်သို့ အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းသော ကာလအတွင်း ဝင်ရောက်ခဲ့သည်။ အာဏာရှင်စနစ်၊
တိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကိုင် ပဋိပက္ခ၊ ဝိရောဓိများ ပြည့်နှက်နေသော အရပ်ဘက်-စစ်ဘက် ဆက်ဆံရေး၊ ပြည်သူများ၏
ဆင်းရဲတွင်းနက်မှု ပြဿနာများ အစရှိသည်တို့ကို ဆယ်စုနှစ်များစွာ ရင်ဆိုင်ဖြတ်သန်းခဲ့ရသည်။ ထိုသို့ ဖြတ်သန်းပြီးမှ စတင်ခဲ့ရ
သဖြင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီ အားကောင်းရေး၊ ရေရှည်အကျိုးဖြစ်ထွန်းနိုင်မည့် စီးပွားရေးဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်မှုနှင့် အရှည်တည်တံ့နိုင်မည့်
ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး ရရှိရန်အတွက် အခွင့်အလမ်းတစ်ခုလည်း ဖြစ်နေသည်။ အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းမှုကို အောင်မြင်စွာ စီမံခန့်ခွဲနိုင်ရန် ပို၍
ထိရောက်သော မူဝါဒများ ချမှတ်ရန် လိုအပ်သည်။ ယခုစာတမ်းက မြန်မာအစိုးရအဖွဲ့၏ မူဝါဒချမှတ်ပုံကို မိတ်ဆက်ပေးထားသည်။
ပြည်နယ်နှင့် တိုင်းဒေသကြီးများရှိ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးယန္တရား အခြေအနေများထက် ပြည်ထောင်စု အစိုးရအဖွဲ့၏ မူဝါဒချမှတ်ပုံကို
အာရုံစိုက် ဖော်ပြထားပါသည်။ ပင်မ ရည်ရွယ်ချက်မှာ ပီပြင်သော ဒီမိုကရေစီ၊ စီးပွားရေး ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်မှု၊ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး တို့
ပေါ်ပေါက်ရန်နှင့် ပြည့်စုံသော အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းမှု ဖြစ်ထွန်းစေရန် မရှိမဖြစ် လိုအပ်သည်ဟု ယူဆထားသော၊ မူဝါဒချမှတ်သူများ
နှင့် မူဝါဒချမှတ်သည့် လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များအား မည်သို့ အားဖြည့်ပေးနိုင်မည် ဆိုသည့် အချက်အပေါ် အားကောင်းသည့် ဆွေးနွေး
ပြောဆိုချက်တစ်ခုအဖြစ် ပုံဖော်ရန် ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
မူဝါဒဆိုသည်မှာ အစိုးရ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအရာရှိများက အများပြည်သူနှင့် သက်ဆိုင်သည့် ကိစ္စများအား ကိုင်တွယ်ဆောင်ရွက်ရာ၌
လုပ်ဆောင်မှု တစ်ခုခုအတွက် ရွေးချယ်မှုဟု ယေဘုယျအားဖြင့် နားလည်ထားကြသည်။ အစိုးရ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးပိုင်း၏ မူဝါဒချမှတ်
ခြင်း (Executive policy-making) သည် နိုင်ငံတော် အကြီးအကဲနှင့် ထိပ်ပိုင်းအစိုးရ ခေါင်းဆောင်များ၊ အထူးသဖြင့် အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး
ကဏ္ဍ၏ ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်များ၊ ကတိကဝတ်များနှင့် အရေးယူလုပ်ဆောင်ချက်များကို ရည်ညွှန်းပါသည်။ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးဗဟိုချက်
(Core Executive) ဆိုသည်မှာ ခေါင်းဆောင်ပိုင်းအဆင့် မူဝါဒချမှတ်ခြင်းအား နားလည်ရန်အတွက် အသုံးဝင်သည့် သဘောတရား
တစ်ခုဖြစ်သည်။ ? အစိုးရ ယန္တရား၏ အစိတ်အပိုင်းများအတွင်း အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးတွင် (အကယ်၍ ပဋိပက္ခများ ဖြစ်လာပါက) နောက်ဆုံး
ဆုံးဖြတ်၊ ဖြေရှင်းပိုင်ခွင့် ရှိသူများအဖြစ် ဆောင်ရွက်သော သို့မဟုတ် ဗဟိုအစိုးရ မူဝါဒများကို အဓိကအားဖြင့် စုစည်း ပေါင်းစပ်ပေး
ရသည့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ နှင့် အာဏာယန္တယား တည်ဆောက်ပုံများ” ကို လေ့လာခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။
၁၉၄၈ ခုနှစ် ဇန်နဝါရီ၌ လွတ်လပ်ရေးရပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း မြန်မာအစိုးရသည် ကိုလိုနီအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးထံမှ ဗြိတိန်နိုင်ငံ၏ နိုင်ငံရေးစနစ်ပုံစံ
ကို ဆက်ခံခဲ့သည်။ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲများကျင်းပပြီး ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်တစ်ဦး၊ ပါလီမန်ကို ဗဟိုပြုသည့် အစိုးရတစ်ရပ်က အုပ်ချုပ်သည့် ပုံစံ
သို့ ပြောင်းလဲခဲ့သည်။ ၁၉၆၂ ခုနှစ်တွင် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု ဖြစ်ပေါ်ခဲ့ပြီး ဆိုရှယ်လစ်ဝါဒကို လက်ခံသည့် တပ်မတော်အစိုးရတစ်ရပ်
အာဏာရလာခဲ့သည်။ ထို့နောက် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီးနေဝင်း ထိန်းချုပ်သော အစိုးရအဖွဲ့နှင့် မဆလပါတီတို့က ၁၉၈၈ ခုနှစ်အထိ
အုပ်ချုပ်ခဲ့သည်။ ၁၉၈၈ ခုနှစ်တွင် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု နောက်တစ်ကြိမ် ထပ်မံပေါ်ပေါက်ခဲ့ပြီး ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး စောမောင် ဦးဆောင်
သော တပ်မတော်အစိုးရ၊ ထို့နောက် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး သန်းရွှေ ဦးဆောင်သော တပ်မတော်အစိုးရတို့က အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအာဏာကို
တည်ဆောက်ခဲ့သည်။..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2018-06-15
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
General and National administration, Dialogue/reform/transition in Burma/Myanmar - analyses and statements, Politics, Government and Governance - Burma/Myanmar - general studies
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Format :
pdf
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2.83 MB
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"In 2011, Myanmar entered a phase of democratic transition. As the country emerges from decades of authoritarianism, ethnic armed conflict, contentious civil-military relations, and entrenched poverty, it has a remarkable opportunity to move toward democracy, sustained economic development, and lasting peace. Successfully managing the transition requires more effective policymaking. This report provides an introduction to policymaking in Myanmar. It focuses on policymaking by the executive branch of the Union government in Nay Pyi Taw, rather than within the bureaucracy or out in the states and regions. Its primary goal is to frame a stronger discourse on how policymaking actors and processes in the country can be strengthened.
Policy is generally understood as what government officials choose to do, or not to do, about public problems. Executive policymaking refers to the decisions, commitments, and actions of the senior-most government leaders, particularly those of the executive branch centered around the head of state. A useful concept for understanding executive policymaking is that of the ?core executive,” which comprises the organizations and structures that primarily serve to pull together and integrate central government policies or act as final arbiters within the executive if conflicts arise between different elements of government.
Following independence in January 1948, Burma?s government evolved from British colonial rule into a United Kingdom?style state governed via elections and parliaments, with a core executive led by a prime minister. Following the 1962 coup, a military regime embracing socialism took over. This regime lasted until 1988 and had a core executive structured around the BSPP and General Ne Win. Following the 1988 coup, a subsequent SLORC/SPDC military regime established rule by a junta, with a core executive built around generals Saw Maung and Than Shwe. This history represents a stark reality for Myanmar: the country does not have a history of policymaking that is particularly conducive to its current transition towards democracy, with its need for pluralism, transparency, and accountability. Myanmar?s history for nearly 50 years was defined by military dictatorship, and the core executives of the RC/BSPP and SLORC/SPDC regimes can best be understood as ?one-man policy coordination.” A debilitating legacy for Myanmar?s contemporary governments is the lack of traditions or government architecture that support more sophisticated policymaking..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2018-05-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Politics, Government and Governance - Burma/Myanmar - general studies, General and National administration, Dialogue/reform/transition in Burma/Myanmar - analyses and statements
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Format :
pdf
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1.23 MB
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Description:
ယခုစာတမ်းတွင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအတွင်းရှိ မူဝါဒရေးဆွဲချမှတ်ခြင်းလုပ်ငန်းစဉ်ကို မူဝါဒရေးရာအင်စတီကျူများက မည်သို့စနစ်တကျနှင့်
ထိထိရောက်ရောက် ပံ့ပိုးကူညီနိုင်မည်ကို ဆွေးနွေးထားပါသည်။ ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးများနှင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီစနစ်ကို တဖြည်းဖြည်း
စတင်ကျင့်သုံးနေသည်နှင့်အမျှ ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်သော မူဝါဒချမှတ်သည့် လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များ ဖြစ်လာရေးအတွက် အခွင့်အလမ်းများ
ပိုမိုများပြားလာခဲ့သည်။ အမျိုးသားဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ်မှ နိုင်ငံအနံှ့အပြားတွင် အနိုင်ရရှိခဲ့သော ၂၀၁၅ နဝို ငဘ် ာလ ရေးွ ကောကပ် ဲ ွ
သည် မူဝါဒလမ်းစဉ်အသစ်များကို ပံ့ပိုးပေးနိုင်ရေးအတွက် အခွင့်အလမ်းများ ထပ်မံဖြစ်ထွန်းလာစေသည်။ တပြိုင်နက်တည်းမှာပင်
အစိုးရသစ်အနေနှင့် တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံးရှိပြည်သူများထံမှ ပိုမိုတိုးတက်များပြားလာမည့်တောင်းဆိုမှုများကို မည်သို့တုန့်ပြန်ဖြေရှင်းမည်
နည်းဆိုသည့် မေးခွန်းများစွာလည်း ပေါ်ပေါက်လာစေသည်။ လက်ရှိအချိန်တွင် စွမ်းဆောင်ရည်ပိုင်း၌ အကန့်အသတ်ရှိသည်
မှန်သော်လည်း မူဝါဒရေးရာအင်စတီကျူများသည် ပိုမိုပြည့်စုံကောင်းမွန်သော အချက်အလက်များပေးခြင်း၊ ဆန်းစစ်ခြင်းနှင့်
မူဝါဒများ ပြင်ဆင်ရေးဆွဲရာတွင် ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်စေခြင်းအားဖြင့် အဆိုပါစိန်ခေါ်မှုများကို နိုင်ငံရေးခေါင်းဆောင်များ ကိုင်တွယ်
ဖြေရှင်းရာတွင် တဖြည်းဖြည်းချင်း ပံ့ပိုးကူညီပေးနိုင်မည် ဖြစ်သည်။
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2016-06-16
Date of entry/update:
2016-08-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dialogue/reform/transition after the NLD election victory, General and National administration
Language:
Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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929.52 KB
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Description:
"This note considers how policy institutes can systematically and effectively support policy processes in Myanmar. Opportunities for improved policymaking have grown following reforms and the gradual introduction of democracy. The November 2015 elections in which the National League for Democracy (NLD) won by a landslide created further potential to support new policy directions, while raising new questions over how the Government will respond to growing demands from people across the country. Although current capacity is limited, policy institutes can gradually help political leaders respond to these challenges, by providing better data and analysis and improving how policies are formulated."
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2016-05-13
Date of entry/update:
2016-06-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dialogue/reform/transition after the NLD election victory, General and National administration
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
430.41 KB
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Description:
Executive Summary: "Myanmar has captured the world?s attention with its transition away from authoritarian military rule towards democracy. Since 2011, a series of major reforms have seen the country move from a repressive political system to one that is more focused on people-centered development; from a statedominated to a market-oriented economy; from decades of ethnic conflict towards a nationwide ceasefire and political dialogue; and from regional isolation to re-engagement in global affairs. This process of political and economic transformation has been accompanied by calls for reform of the public sector in Myanmar from many quarters. Political parties have taken to the streets over constitutional reform; students have marched to demand changes to the National Education Law; farmers have protested for land rights; and urban residents have complained about frequent power outages. Public expectations of government are rising, and demands are more visible, given the greater space for public expression in recent years. Outspoken criticism of the public sector, however, has also come from some surprising sources. President U Thein Sein and his senior ministers have delivered a series of, at times, blistering speeches calling for a change in the ?mindset? of government officials.."
David Hook, Tin Maung Than, Kim N. B. Ninh
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation via Center for Economic and Social Development (CESD)
Date of publication:
2015-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2016-01-31
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
General and National administration
Language:
Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.35 MB
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Description:
"Under the 2008 Constitution, all seven ?Divisions? have been renamed ?Regions? The seven ethnic ?States? retain their names. There are also five new Self-Administrated Zones and one new Self-Administrated Division for ?National races with suitable population?"
Source/publisher:
Transnational Institute (TNI)
Date of publication:
2015-09-08
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-12
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Maps and satellite imagery, General and National administration, TNI-BCN Project on Ethnic Conflict in Burma
Language:
English
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Description:
Executive Summary: "Myanmar has captured the world?s attention with its transition away from authoritarian military rule
towards democracy. Since 2011, a series of major reforms have seen the country move from a
repressive political system to one that is more focused on people-centered development; from a statedominated
to a market-oriented economy; from decades of ethnic conflict towards a nationwide
ceasefire and political dialogue; and from regional isolation to re-engagement in global affairs.
This process of political and economic transformation has been accompanied by calls for reform of
the public sector in Myanmar from many quarters. Political parties have taken to the streets over
constitutional reform; students have marched to demand changes to the National Education Law;
farmers have protested for land rights; and urban residents have complained about frequent power
outages. Public expectations of government are rising, and demands are more visible, given the
greater space for public expression in recent years.
Outspoken criticism of the public sector, however, has also come from some surprising sources.
President U Thein Sein and his senior ministers have delivered a series of, at times, blistering speeches
calling for a change in the ?mindset? of government officials.."
David Hook, Tin Maung Than, Kim N. B. Ninh
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2015-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-11
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
760.87 KB
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Description:
"Basic administration in Myanmar is provided by the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs. GAD administrators manage subnational administrative structures stretching from states and regions down to districts, townships and all of the country?s approximately 16,700 wards and village tracts. Although the GAD is exceptionally important to governance in Myanmar, particularly at subnational levels, it is also poorly understood, and indeed, rather enigmatic. As the Myanmar government works to implement public sector reform, a better understanding of the GAD is imperative. This paper accordingly details the origins of the GAD and then details its mandates, structures and working processes.
The Myanmar Development Resource Institute?s Centre for Economic and Social Development (MDRI-CESD) and The Asia Foundation are pleased to present this sixth volume in the Subnational Governance in Myanmar Discussion Paper Series..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2014-10-00
Date of entry/update:
2015-01-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English)
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.24 MB
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Description:
"...The General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs is critically important to
subnational governance in Myanmar. The GAD acts as the civil service for the new state and region
governments and provides the administration for the country?s districts and townships. Given its
pervasive importance as the bureaucratic backbone of the country and its impact on the lives of citizens,
it is also surprising that there is little information on how the GAD is organized, its roles and functions,
and how it has evolved over time. A more systematic understanding of the GAD by all stakeholders in
government and civil society as well as development partners is essential to effectively advance reforms,
particularly as they relate to administrative decentralization, local governance, social service provision,
but also the relationship between the state and citizens.
To address this significant information gap, this research report provides an extensive overview to the
GAD based on literature review and a series of in-depth interviews. The report first outlines the historic
evolution of ?general administration” in Myanmar, followed by a detailed mapping of the roles, structures
and functions of the GAD at the Union level. The paper then methodically defines the roles, structures
and functions of the GAD at the state and region, district, township and ward and village tract levels of
government, and the extent to which they have been redefined in recent years as the country embarked
on political and administrative reforms..."
Kyi Pyar Chit Saw, Matthew Arnold
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2014-10-00
Date of entry/update:
2015-01-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.53 MB
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Description:
"...The 2008 Myanmar Constitution introduced a degree of fiscal decentralization of budgeting and planning functions from the Union government to states and regions. State and region governments now prepare their own budgets and have some authority to collect revenues locally. The total budgets of states and regions has risen accordingly, from less than 4 percent of public spending in the 2013-2014 financial year to nearly 12 percent in 2014-15.
While states and regions have full statutory authority to determine budgeting priorities, spending discretion is limited in practice by the Union-level Financial Commission, which ultimately decides how much budget support each state and region will receive from the Union fund through a process that is neither transparent nor based on objective criteria. The overall process of policy-setting, levying, and collecting of revenues is not yet well developed and leaves considerable room for improvement. States and regions may also request additional monies through supplementary budget allocations, a practice which
impedes sound budget planning. The benefit of participatory mechanisms on the planning and budgeting process remains limited..."
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2014-11-00
Date of entry/update:
2015-01-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
973.63 KB
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Description:
Describes the administration of Myanmar kings. The kings governed with the help of Amats (high court officials).
Monks were also important, often serving as advisors to the Court, even assisting the kings in foreign relations...Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar - Politics and government...
2. Myanmar-History-Bagan Period (1044-1287).....
Key Words: 1. Min (King)...
2. Amat (High official of Myanmar Royal Court)...
3. Thanpyin (Amat)...
4. Administration
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Nawarat Ko-thwe", 2nd editon, pp342-369, 1974, Sabei Oo Sarpay via Univeristy of Washington
Date of publication:
1947-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, Multiple periods of Burmese history, General and National administration
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
Format :
pdf
Size:
601.35 KB
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Description:
King Thalun (AD 1629 - 48) was a successful ruler of Toungoo Dynasty (AD 1486- 1752). He was seriously concerned with the welfare of his people. Buddhism also prospered during his reign and he was noted for his peaceful governance and the improved living conditions throughout his realm?..Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar- politics and government - King Thalun , 1629 ? 48?2. Myanmar - history
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 49, Part 1, pp51-69, 1966 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1966-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752], General and National administration
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
Format :
pdf
Size:
932.76 KB
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Description:
King Thalun (AD 1629-48) was a successful ruler of Toungoo Dynasty (AD 1486-1752). He was seriously
concerned with the welfare of his people. Buddhism also prospered during his reign and he was noted for his peaceful
governance and the improved living conditions throughout his realm.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar-politics and government - King Thalun, 1629-48...
2. Myanmar-history
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 51, Part 2, pp173-188, 1968 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1968-12-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752], General and National administration
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
730.89 KB
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Description:
The British ruled Myanmar for nearly 100 years and during that period they issued circulars and vernacular acts which
were publish in the Burma Gazette. These old documents were found in 1978 Ayeyawady Division. The Peoples?
Council transferred many rare documents to Myanmar Historical Research Department. From these documents the
author selected administrative circulars, acts and vernacular acts as references for Myanmar historians. The article
includes the authorized Myanmar equivalents of official designations for public administration.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar - History - British Rule...
2. Myanmar-Politics and government...
3. Myanmar-Administrative terms.....
Key Words: 1. Administrative Terms...
2. Burma Gazette
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Researches in Burmese History", Vol. 3, pp25-77, Historical Research Department via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1978-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), General and National administration
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.02 MB
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Description:
The British ruled Myanmar for nearly 100 years and during that period they issued circulars and vernacular acts which were publish in the Burma Gazette. These old documents were found in 1978 in the Ayeyawady Division. The Peoples?
Council transferred many rare documents to Myanmar Historical Research Department. From these documents the
author selected administrative circulars, acts and vernacular acts as references for Myanmar historians. The article
includes the authorized Myanmar equivalents of official designations for public administration....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar - History - British Rule, 2. Myanmar - Politics and government, 3. Myanmar - Administrative terms.....Key Words: 1. Administrative Terms, 2. Burma Gazette
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Researches in Burmese History", Vol. 2, 1978, pp123-129, Historical Research Dept., Via Univeristy of Washington
Date of publication:
1978-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), General and National administration
Language:
English and Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
Format :
pdf
Size:
170.92 KB
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Description:
"...Fiscal decentralization forms the backbone of Myanmar?s efforts to strengthen public
services, encourage development across the country, and secure peace and stability.
The country has made important first steps in the decentralization process, but as yet
these do not form a consistent framework for distributing budgetary resources. This
discussion paper by Hamish Nixon and Cindy Joelene intends to inform the wider
discussion about how best to proceed with fiscal decentralization in Myanmar. Its goal
is to inform policy makers, civil society, political parties, and international
development partners of principles and processes to guide fiscal decentralization
policy. The paper presents ideas for a fiscal decentralization roadmap that are
grounded in the country?s context, and that build on existing structures and reforms
while leaving space for the longer‐term evolution of the decentralization process..."
Hamish Nixon, Cindy Joelene
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation, MDRI-CESD
Date of publication:
2014-07-01
Date of entry/update:
2014-07-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.06 MB
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Description:
"Myanmar?s governance problems originate from poor civil bureaucratic structures...
Discussions of Myanmar tend to focus on its national politics, its ethnic schisms, or its state-society relations. What is often ignored is the state of the civil bureaucratic structure, which in Myanmar has steadily declined since the post-colonial governments took over the responsibility of political leadership. Bureaucracy is the arm of government that ultimately must deliver political promises and face the public in day-to-day matters. Yet concerns about the nature and role of Myanmar?s civil bureaucracy have been overshadowed by the salience of the seemingly more central political issues. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to redirect some attention to the country?s enduring bureaucracy and ways in which it could possibly be regenerated.
The paper argues that as is usually the case in developing states under extended periods of either direct or indirect military rule, Myanmar?s civil bureaucracy has long been characterized by a high degree of centralization, a weak degree of administrative and managerial autonomy and an almost nonexistent consultative process. In addition, the paper also points out that unlike many developing countries, Myanmar has yet to undertake any comprehensive attempt at reforming its civil bureaucracy.
This paper explores the two most common usages of the term bureaucracy? and applies it to this paper. A broad historical overview of Myanmar?s civil bureaucracy since independence in order to provide some context is also conducted. The paper also considers prospects of bureaucratic reform in present-day Myanmar.
The paper finds that:
* a reformed civil bureaucracy will play a large part in, while simultaneously being contingent upon, the country?s unfolding political process
* comprehensive change as a facilitator of both state transformation and a modern bureaucracy will work against the perceived interest of those who have long benefited from manipulating and exploiting their positions in the public services
* Myanmar?s bureaucrats must be given a new set of rules to replace the old ones, and be availed a set of ethics and values to govern their role, attitude, perception, and behaviour if this process of bureaucratic re-organisation is to be successful
The paper concludes by noting that perhaps the central guiding tenet should be that the greatest possible extent that control of the civil bureaucracy should rest with the public and officials who are representative of that public. Whereas this may sound implausible today when the control mindset is still strong and national politics not quite sorted out, it is not inconceivable at some future point..."
A. M. Mutebi
Source/publisher:
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, University of Singapore via Eldis
Date of publication:
2004-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2005-08-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
181.87 KB
Local URL:
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