People smuggling - international standards and mechanisms

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Description: " On a par with the “super drug traffickers” threat, human trafficking is giving Southeast Asian countries a big headache with the recent death of 39 Vietnamese nationals while trying to enter Britain being the latest case in point. The Asean Post quoted the United States Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report 2019 as stating that in the case of Vietnam, traffickers typically subjected their victims to forced labour in construction, fishing, agriculture, mining, logging and manufacturing sectors. They are primarily trafficked to Angola, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, the Republic of Korea, Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates. Taking into account the wider Asian region, the Asia Pacific is in fact facing the biggest problem when it comes to human trafficking. According to the 2016 Global Slavery Index by the Walk Free Foundation, it is estimated that 25 million people are trapped in modern slavery in the region, accounting for 62 per cent of the global total. Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen urged Asean to cooperate with China to tackle the human trafficking issue, according to a report from The Khmer Times. “Human trafficking, exploitation of labour, sex trafficking, child labour and organ trafficking are serious crimes. It is necessary for Asean and China to pay attention and work together to prevent them,” he said..."
Source/publisher: "New Straits Times" (Malaysia)
2019-11-30
Date of entry/update: 2019-12-01
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Topic: Trafficking, India, MoU, Myanmar
Topic: Trafficking, India, MoU, Myanmar
Description: "In an effort to stop human trafficking, India has decided to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Myanmar very soon. The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday has given approval for the MoU between India and Myanmar on bilateral cooperation for Prevention of Trafficking in Persons; Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation and Re-integration of victims of Trafficking. The MoU aims to strengthen the bonds of friendship between the two countries and to increase bilateral cooperation on the issues of prevention, rescue, recovery and repatriation related to human trafficking. It will also strengthen cooperation to prevent all forms of human trafficking and to protect and assist the victims of trafficking, besides ensuring speedy investigation and prosecution of traffickers and organized crime syndicates in either country. It also aims to strengthen immigration and border controls cooperation and implementation of strategies with relevant ministries and organizations to prevent trafficking in persons. The MoU will also work on setting up ‘Working Groups’ and ‘Task Forces’ to prevent human trafficking “It will also help in developing and sharing database on traffickers and victims of trafficking in a safe and confidential manner and exchange information through designated focal points of India and Myanmar,” an official said..."
Source/publisher: "The Sentinel" (India)
2019-11-28
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-29
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Over generations, China’s one-child policy drove a demographic disaster that has sparked a devastatingly cruel trade.
Description: "China has a bride trafficking problem. The country’s longstanding one-child policy and preference for boys created a huge gender imbalance. The difficulty many Chinese men now face finding wives, combined with a lack of protections in China, is driving a brutal business of selling women and girls from neighboring countries. The Chinese government’s main response for many years seemed to be simply to ignore growing allegations about authorities’ complicity in these crimes. But the problem is becoming too big to ignore; the government’s stonewalling is gradually being replaced by a mixture of criminal justice and propaganda responses, neither of which get to the real issue of gender discrimination. The one-child policy, in force from 1979 to 2015, prompted many parents to feel that if they were permitted only one child, that child should be a son. This was driven in part by the expectation, particularly in rural areas, that daughters marry and join their husband’s family, while sons stay with, and support, their parents. Over generations this policy drove a demographic disaster: China now has 30 to 40 million more men than women..."
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Source/publisher: "The Diplomat" (Japan)
2019-10-30
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-20
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "This report presents major threats posed by transnational organized crime in the Pacific region, mainly focusing on the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). Based on consultations with the Pacific Island Forum Secretariat (PIFS) and information obtained from desk reviews conducted by UNODC, this report focuses on four major types of transnational organized crime affecting the Pacific region: • Drug and precursor trafficking; • Trafficking in persons & smuggling of migrants; • Environmental crimes (fishery crime and other wildlife trafficking & illegal logging and timber trafficking); and • Small arms trafficking. In addition to the major four types of transnational crime, the report also includes some information on the trafficking of counterfeit goods, including fraudulent medicines, and cybercrime to shed light on emerging threats in the region. The four major illicit flows discussed in the report are different sorts of illicit activities, yet they all pose immense challenges to the region. There are strong indications that the PICTs are increasingly targeted by transnational organized crime groups due to their susceptibility to illicit flows driven by several factors. These include (a) the geographical location of the PICTs situated between major sources and destinations of illicit commodities; (b) extensive and porous jurisdictional boundaries; and (c) differences in governance and heterogeneity in general law enforcement capacity across numerous PICTs and the region in general. These complexities also underscore the inherent difficulties in detecting, monitoring, preventing and responding to transnational organized crimes in the region. In this context, transnational criminal activities continue to increase throughout the Pacific and have detrimental impacts on communities, sustainable economic development and regional security. At a regional level and across all transnational organized crime types discussed in this report, a fundamental problem is the significant gaps in data and information related to transnational crime among the PICTs. This is a major hindrance in developing effective and evidence-based responses to transnational organized crime..."
Source/publisher: UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)
2016-09-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-07-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 4.1 MB
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Description: The Convention entered into force on 29 September 2003... Annex I: United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime... Annex II: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime...Annex III: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime...Myanmar accession: 30 March 2004... The UNODC page at http://www.unodc.org/unodc/crime_cicp_convention.html contains the finalized instruments; Signatures/Ratifications; Legislative guides; Background information; Conference of the Parties.
Source/publisher: United Nations (A/RES/55/25)
2000-11-15
Date of entry/update: 2005-05-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English (Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish available)
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Description: Adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/158 of 18 December 1990; sometimes called the "1990 Convention". Entered into force 1 July 2003. Neither Burma nor the main destination countries for Burmese migrants are party to the Convention (29 States Parties as of May 2005, all sending countries)
Source/publisher: United Nations
1990-12-18
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English (French and Spanish available)
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