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Languages of Burma Burmese Websites/Multiple Documents Title:   Burmese Language Description/subject:   "The Burmese language (Burmese: မြန်မာဘာသာ; pronounced [mjəmà bàðà]; MLCTS: myanma bhasa) is the official language of Burma. Although the constitution officially recognizes it as the Myanmar language,[1] most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese. Burmese is the native language of the Bamar and related sub-ethnic groups of the Bamar, as well as that of some ethnic minorities in Burma like the Mon. Burmese is spoken by 32 million as a first language and as a second language by 10 million, particularly ethnic minorities in Burma and those in neighboring countries. Burmese is a tonal, pitch-register, and syllable-timed language,[2] largely monosyllabic and analytic language, with a subject–object–verb word order. It is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family, which is a subfamily of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The language uses the Burmese script, derived from the Old Mon script and ultimately from the Brāhmī script..." Source/publisher:   Wikipedia Format/size:   html (for Burmese, uses Myanmar-3 font) Date of entry/update:   31 December 2011 Title:   Burmese language evening course (London) Description/subject:   Those interested, contact Dr Justin Watkins for more information: justin.watkins@soas.ac.uk Language:   English Source/publisher:   School of Oriental and African Studies Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   03 June 2003 Title:   Burmese Language Resources Description/subject:   School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Contains background information on the Burmese language, index of books and guides. Language:   English Source/publisher:   School of Oriental and African Studies Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   07 December 2010 Title:   Burmese language teaching centres Description/subject:   In Australia, Burma, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, UK, USA. Language:   English Source/publisher:   SOAS Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   03 October 2010 Title:   Learning Burmese Description/subject:   A few lessons for intermediate self-study in the Learning Burmese folder. Author/creator:   Nance Cunningham Language:   Burmese Format/size:   pdf Date of entry/update:   06 November 2009 Title:   Myanmar Unicode Language:   Burmese Source/publisher:   Wikipedia Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   31 December 2011 Title:   myanmarisp.com နည္းပညာနွင့္ ျမန္မာ့ ကြန္ရက္ ေမာ္ကြန္းတိုက္ Description/subject:   BIT ေပၚေပါက္လာပုံ အက်ဉ္း............. က်ေနာ္တို့ ျမန္မာ့ သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ အဖြဲ့ (Burma Information Technology Team - BIT) ဟာ အိန္ဒိယနိုင္ငံမွာ ခိုလွုံေနျကတဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီနဲ့ လြတ္လပ္မွုကို ျမတ္နိုးတဲ့ လူငယ္ တစုနဲ့ စုဖြဲ့ထားတဲ့ အဖြဲ့ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ..... က်ေနာ္တို့ တတြေဟာ လူမ်ိုး အကြဲကြဲ အျပားျပား၊ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ အမ်ိုးမ်ိုး၊ ျဖတ္သန္းမွု အဖုံဖုံနဲ့ ေနရပ္ အစုံစုံတြေ ကေန ျမန္မာ့ ကြန္ပ်ူတာ နည္းပညာ (ICT) ဖြံ့ျဖိုး တိုးတက္ေရး၊ လြတ္လပ္ေရးနဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီေရး ဆိုတဲ့ တူညီတဲ့ ဦးတည္ခ်က္တြေ အေပၚမွာ စုစည္း မိခဲ့ျကတဲ့ လူငယ္ တစုပါ။ က်ေနာ္တို့ဟာ ၂၀၀၂ ခုနွစ္၊ နွစ္ဆန္းပိုင္းမွာ Burma Project/ Southeast Asia Initiative - OSI ရဲ့ အေထာက္အပံ့နဲ့ အိႏၵိယနိုင္ငံ၊ ကာနာတကာ ျပည္နယ္၊ ဘန္ဂလိုးျမိဳ႔က MAHITI Infotech Pvt. Ltd. မွာ ကြန္ပ်ဳတာ ICT ပညာရပ္ကို ၆ လျကာ ေလ့လာ ဆည္းပူး သင့္ယူခြင့္ ရခဲ့ျကတယ္။ ဒီလိုနဲ့ ကြန္ပ်ဳတာ ICT... သင္တန္းကို ေအာင္ေအာင္ျမင္ျမင္ ျပီးျပီးတဲ့ ေနာက္မွာ၊ က်ေနာ္တို့ တေတြဟာ Burma Project/ Southeast Asia Initiative - OSI ရဲ့ အေထာက္အပံ့နဲ့ပဲ BIT ကို ဖြဲ့ခဲ့ျကပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို့ဟာ လြတ္လပ္ျပီး တရားမ်ွတတဲ့၊ တိုင္းရင္းသား လူမ်ိုးေပါင္းစုံရဲ့ တန္းတူ အခြင့္အေရးကို အာမခံနိုင္တဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီ နိုင္ငံေတာ္သစ္ျကီး ေပၚေပါက္လာေရးကို ရည္မွန္းျပီး၊ က်ေနာ္တို့ ဝါသနာ ပါတဲ့ နည္းလမ္းေတြနဲ့ သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ ဖြံ့ျဖိုး တိုးတက္ေရးနဲ့ စစ္အာဏာရွင္ ဆန့္က်င္ေရးကို တစိုက္မတ္မတ္ ဦးတည္ လုပ္ေဆာင္မယ္လို့ အခိုင္အမာ ဆုံးျဖတ္ထားတဲ့ လူငယ္တစု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို့ အေနနဲ့ အနာဂတ္ ဒီမိုကရက္တစ္ ျမန္မာ့ လူ့ေဘာင္မွာ နည္းပညာ အဆင့္အတန္း ဖြံ့ျဖိုး တိုးတက္ေရးကို ရည္ရြယ္ျပီး၊ ျပည္တြင္း ျပည္ပမွာ ရွိတဲ့ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသူ နိုင္ငံသားေတြ၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီနဲ့ တိုင္းရင္သား ေတာ္လွန္ေရး အဖြဲ့အစည္းေတြ၊ လြတ္လပ္တဲ့ လူမွဳဝန္ထမ္း အဖြဲ့အစည္းေတြ စတဲ့ လြတ္လပ္မွုနဲ့ ကြန္ပ်ဳတာ နည္းပညာကို ျမတ္နိုး ခုံမင္ျကတဲ့ လူပုဂၢိဳလ္၊ အဖြဲ႔ အစည္းေတြကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ သိျမင္ နားလည္ခဲ့တဲ့ ကြန္ပ်ဳတာ သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အသိအျမင္ ေတြကို မ်ွေဝ ေပးသြားဖို့ ရည္ရြယ္ျပီး ဖြဲ့စည္း ခဲ့ျကတာလည္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။... ဒါတင္ မကေသးပါဘူး၊ က်ေနာ္တို့ အေနနဲ့ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံမွာ စစ္အာဏာရွင္ စနစ္ ဖ်က္သိမ္းေရး၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ထြန္းကားေရးနဲ့ စစ္မွန္တဲ့ ဖက္ဒရယ္ ျပည္ေထာင္စု ေပၚထြန္းေရး အတြက္ အေထာက္အကူနဲ့ အားမာန္ ျဖစ္ေစမယ့္ သတင္းေတြ၊ ေဆာင္းပါးေတြ၊ ရသ စာစုေတြ၊ ဝတ္တုတိုေတြ၊ ကဗ်ာေတြ၊ ျမန္မာ အီးဘြတ္ေတြ (Burmese/ Myanmar eBooks) စတာတြေကိုလည္း အက်ယ္ျပန့္ဆုံးနဲ့ အထိေရာက္ဆုံး ျဖန့္ေဝသြားဖို့ ရည္ရြယ္ထားပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို့ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ေတြကေတာ့၊ (၁) ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳး တိုးတက္ေရး မွာ ေဆာင္ရြက္ျက မယ့္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသား လူငယ္ေတြ အတြက္ သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ (ICT) အရည္အေသြးနဲ႔ က်ြမ္းက်င္မွုေတြ ျမင့္မား လာေစဖို့။ (၂) ဒီမိုကရက္တစ္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံေတာ္ တည္ေဆာက္ခ်ိန္မွာ အစိုးရေတြ၊ လြတ္လပ္တဲ့ လူမွု အဖြဲ့အစည္း ေတြရဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းေတြကို လက္ေတြ႔နဲ့ ဆိုင္တဲ့ သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ (ICT) လုပ္ငန္းေတြနဲ့ ပံ့ပိုး ကူညီ ျမွင့္တင္ သြားနိုင္ဖို့။ (၃) သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ (ICT) နဲ့ ဆိုင္တဲ့ တဦးခ်င္း စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္၊ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္နဲ့ အစုအဖြဲ့ အလိုက္ က်ြမ္းက်င္မွု စတာေတြကို လုပ္ေဆာင္တဲ့ နည္းလမ္းေတြနဲ့ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံနဲ့ အိမ္နီးခ်င္း နိုင္ငံေတြ အျကား နည္းပညာ ကြာဟမွုကို ေလ်ာ့က် သြားေစဖို့။ (၄) ျပည္တြင္း ျပည္ပမွာရွိတဲ့ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသားေတြ အျကား သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ (ICT) ေတြ ျပန့္ပြား လာဖို့။ ဒါေတြကို က်ေနာ္တို့ စြမ္းေဆာင္ နိုင္သေလာက္ မျခြင္းမခ်န္ ျကိုးစား အားထုတ္ သြားမွာ ျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း။ ကတိသစၥာျဖင့္ ျမန္မာ့ သတင္း ဆက္သြယ္ေရး နည္းပညာ အဖြဲ့ (မသနဖ) (Burma Information Technology Team, BIT) Language:   English/Burmese Source/publisher:   Burma Information Technology Team, BIT Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   09 August 2012 Title:   NIU Burmese Language Page Language:   English Source/publisher:   Northern Illinois University Date of entry/update:   03 June 2003 Title:   Paulette Hopple's Linguistic Webpage Description/subject:   Linguistic Papers: * Topicalization in Burmese Expository Text; * Nominalization Template in Burmese; * Abstract- Nominalization in Burmese; Doctoral Dissertation – * The Structure of Nominalization in Burmese... Overview PowerPoint Presentation of Key Points of Dissertation: · Ontological Nominalization. Author/creator:   Paulette Hopple Language:   English, Burmese Source/publisher:   Summer Institute of LInguistics Format/size:   html, pdf Date of entry/update:   30 September 2003 Title:   SEAlang Library Description/subject:   The SEAlang Library was established in 2005, with primary funding from the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA program, and matching funds from CRCL Inc. The Library provides language reference materials for Southeast Asia, with an initial focus on the non-roman script languages used throughout the mainland. These include: - bilingual and monolingual dictionaries (linked via: D), - monolingual text corpora and aligned bitext corpora (linked via: C, B), - a variety of tools for manipulating, searching, and displaying complex scripts. .... Thai; Burmese; Khmer; Lao; Shan; Karen; Mon; Vietnamese Language:   English, Burmese, Karen, Mon, Shan etc. Source/publisher:   S. E. A .L. A. N. G. Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   09 April 2009 Title:   Search results for "Myanmar" on the SIL site Description/subject:   234 results, March 2012 Language:   English Source/publisher:   SIL International Format/size:   html Alternate URLs:   http://www.sil.org/sitemap.html Date of entry/update:   04 March 2012 Title:   SOAS Burmese Language Pages Description/subject:   Part 1: Burmese language study material - Introduction Learning Burmese (renamed "Myanmar" in 1989). A provisional list of study materials and teaching centres first compiled by John Okell, SOAS, London, spring 1997, and now maintained by Justin Watkins at SOAS. This list is described as "provisional" because it includes only materials and centres known to the compiler...Pages maintained by Justin Watkins: justin.watkins@soas.ac.uk Language:   English Source/publisher:   School of Oriental and African Studies Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   03 June 2003 Individual Documents Title:   Burmese Language Studies in France Date of publication:   October 2001 Description/subject:   "It was probably Kinwun Mingyi's visit and embassy to Paris which revealed the existence of a far eastern country called Burma to the French public of the 1870's. Apart from the interest and curiosity King Mindon's envoy undoubtedly aroused, it seems reasonable to assert that the French scholarly interest for the field of Burmese Studies dates back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century..." Author/creator:   Marie-Helene Cardinaud Language:   English Source/publisher:   Newsletter, Issue 25, International Insittute for Asian Studies (Leiden) Date of entry/update:   03 June 2003 Title:   Languages in Contact: The Case of English and Burmese Date of publication:   1999 Description/subject:   This article deals with the nature and the effects of the long period of linguistic contact between Burmese and English. Part 1 deals with general issues of contact and borrowing; part 2 provides examples of English loanwords in Burmese, and considers the processes of phonological and semantic accommodation that they reflect. Author/creator:   Julian Wheatley, San San Hnin Tun Language:   English, Burmese Source/publisher:   Journal of Burma Studies Vol. 4 (1999) Format/size:   pdf (1.4MB) Alternate URLs:   http://www.niu.edu/burma/publications/jbs/vol4/index.shtml Date of entry/update:   10 March 2009 Fonts Websites/Multiple Documents Title:   A Unicode primer: what is Unicode and why use 5.1? Description/subject:   A thorough explanation of what Unicode is, and why it is important to use it for documents which are intended for the long term. Only Unicode 5.1 is reliably searchable and not dependent on a particular font or font family. Links to Unicode-complaint fonts and Unicode keyboards can be found at the bottom of the page. Myanmar Unicode also includes Shan, Mon, and Karen. Author/creator:   Myanmar Wikipedia Language:   English, Myanmar, Shan, Karen Source/publisher:   Myanmar Wikipedia Date of entry/update:   06 November 2009 Title:   Myanmar and Shan Unicode 5.1-compliant Font Description/subject:   The Padauk font is one of the few Unicode 5.1-compliant fonts (true Unicode). It includes both Myanmar and Shan scripts in full. In order to use this font you will need a Unicode keyboard (see links below) Author/creator:   SIL Language:   Shan, Myanmar, Burmese Date of entry/update:   05 November 2009 Title:   Pwo and Sgaw Karen Fonts Description/subject:   A number of Pwo and Sgaw Karen fonts...Open in a new page and unzip the files (that's the only way I can access the files using Firefox) -- other browsers may work differently - Librarian) Author/creator:   KHCPS Source/publisher:   KHCPS Format/size:   .zip/469k Date of entry/update:   05 March 2006 Title:   SEAlang Library Description/subject:   The SEAlang Library was established in 2005, with primary funding from the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA program, and matching funds from CRCL Inc. The Library provides language reference materials for Southeast Asia, with an initial focus on the non-roman script languages used throughout the mainland. These include: - bilingual and monolingual dictionaries (linked via: D), - monolingual text corpora and aligned bitext corpora (linked via: C, B), - a variety of tools for manipulating, searching, and displaying complex scripts. .... Thai; Burmese; Khmer; Lao; Shan; Karen; Mon; Vietnamese Language:   English, Burmese, Karen, Mon, Shan etc. Source/publisher:   S. E. A .L. A. N. G. Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   09 April 2009 Title:   Unicode keyboards for Windows Description/subject:   To use Unicode, you need a compliant programme (e.g., OpenOffice, Word 2007), a compliant font (e.g., Padauk or Myanmar3), and a Unicode keyboard. Here are some links to the keyboards for typing in Burmese. Author/creator:   Nance Cunningham Language:   Burmese, English Source/publisher:   various Alternate URLs:   http://www.thanlwinsoft.org/ThanLwinSoft/Downloads/#keyboards [Thanlwin Soft typewriter-style] Date of entry/update:   06 November 2009 Individual Documents Title:   pre-Unicode Shan Fonts Description/subject:   A variety of Shan fonts, based roughly on the layout of the Burmese typewriter. Author/creator:   Shanland Language:   English, Shan Date of entry/update:   03 June 2003 Mon-Khmer Languages (Mon, Wa etc) Websites/Multiple Documents Title:   A hypertext grammar of the Mon language Language:   English Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   16 April 2009 Title:   A selected bibliography of Mon linguistics Language:   English Source/publisher:   Dept. of Anthropology, Albany University Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   16 April 2009 Title:   SOAS/AHRB Wa Dictionary Project Description/subject:   A Dictionary of the Wa Language with English, Chinese, and Burmese (Myanmar) Glosses and Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar) "...The SOAS Wa Dictionary Project is a three-year effort (2003-2006), funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Board to produce a high quality dictionary, translating Wa into Chinese, Burmese/Myanmar and English. The project will use advanced techniques in corpus-based lexicography, centred on a database and Internet resource which will also be suitable for other languages spoken in Burma/Myanmar besides Wa after the life of the project..." The academic objectives of this project are * to compile an electronic Wa language corpus from printed and recorded materials suitable for linguistic and textual analysis * to produce two dictionaries of the Wa language from the corpus: one scholarly and one for Wa-speaking end-users * to record, document, preserve and disseminate the corpus using the Internet * to establish, by the end of the project, an expandable template for corpus-driven lexicography and linguistic research on other minority languages of Burma..." Language:   Wa, English Source/publisher:   SOAS, AHRB Date of entry/update:   01 October 2003 Title:   The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal Description/subject:   "MON-KHMER STUDIES is a journal devoted to the study of Southeast Asian languages and cultures, especially those of the Mon-Khmer family. The journal is produced annually, and welcomes articles or notes on any aspect of Mon-Khmer languages and cultures, as well as other Southeast Asian cultures, languages, and language families. Topics may include linguistic description, cultural description, comparison, bibliography, historical development, sociolinguistics, stylistics, orthography, and paleography. "...Online articles on S'gaw Karen, Mon and other languages of Burma. Language:   English Source/publisher:   Mon-Khmer Studies Journal Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   16 April 2009 Individual Documents Title:   Mon Language in Thailand: The endangered heritage Date of publication:   11 May 2003 Description/subject:   "This paper will give the picture of Mon language situation in Thailand both spoken and written language from the earliest time to the present day. The written language will include inscriptions, palm leaf manuscripts, and printed books..." Author/creator:   Paphatsaun Thianpanya, Language:   English Source/publisher:   Kao Wao News Group Format/size:   html (60K) Date of entry/update:   12 May 2003 Title:   The Mon Language Description/subject:   Mon is a Mon-Khmer language which is spoken in Burma and Thailand. This website is an experimental hypertext grammar of the language, written by working with a native speaker of Mon, Min T. Naing, during a linguistics class at the University at Albany...INACESSIBLE, FEB 2006 Language:   English Format/size:   html Alternate URLs:   http://www.albany.edu/anthro/fac/broadwell/mon/ http://www.albany.edu/search/search_results.php?cx=015091508766613755815%3Aegotm6n6law&cof=FORI... Date of entry/update:   07 December 2010 Other Tibeto-Burmese languages (Zo, Karen etc) Websites/Multiple Documents Title:   Online Karen - English Dictionary Date of publication:   March 2008 Description/subject:   pdf version which can be used off line. Newly revised edition March 2008 Language:   S'Gaw Karen, English Source/publisher:   Drum Publications Group Format/size:   pdf Date of entry/update:   29 April 2009 Title:   Drum Publications Description/subject:   "The Drum Publication Group was founded in May 1998. The goal of the Drum Publication Group is to promote literature in both Karen and Burmese languages with the overall objectives of developing education for Burmese people wherever they might reside. The Group wishes to establish contact with as many other groups and individuals as possible who are involved in literature and education, and to be involved in all aspects of literacy development and the ensuing work of printing suitable books and teaching aids. As well as translation and typesetting we would like to assist those NGOs involve in education work at all stages. Participation in planning sessions and workshops would be welcomed and would, we feel, increase our capacity to play a useful role in this regard. The Group will promote, through its own practice, transparency and accountability, in all dealings. The Group is not affiliated with any political organization and stands for racial and sexual equality. The Drum Group's focus is on: * Writing and printing educational books. * Producing teaching aids and extra-curricula materials. * Translation of texts, to and from, both Sgaw Karen and Burmese languages - especially those relevant to education. * Establishing a library and documentation centre to preserve valuable books and documents. * Assisting the printing of educational material in Pwo Karen, Shan, Mon and other ethnic languages. A catalogue of our publications is available on this web site. Publications are distributed at cost price, or less, to groups and individuals involved in formal or non-formal education or training. Those ordering large numbers of books as well as overseas institutes are requested to pay the full cost of the order plus postage costs... Downloadable books: * English - Sgaw Karen Student Dictionary (PDF version which can be used off line) * Days Not to be Forgotten : (Sgaw Karen), Karen veterans of WWII share their experiences * Echos from Karen Land: (Sgaw Karen) * Little Authors' Imaginative World: (Sgaw Karen) * * Lilly and Pa Saw Htee's Amazing Earth and the Universe Facts: (Sgaw Karen / English) * Lilly and Pa Saw Htee's Amazing Animal Facts: (Sgaw Karen / English) * Ethnic Folktakes of Burma : (Sgaw Karen) * Hta for Children : (Sgaw Karen) * A Holiday I Will Never Forget (a choose your our adventure story) : (Sgaw Karen) * Brain Sharpeners : math puzzles (Sgaw Karen) * Traditional Karen Dress : (Sgaw Karen) Drum's quarterly fun newsletter for kids! * * Drum Kids Newsletter, July 2006:(Sgaw Karen) * Drum Kids Newsletter, April 2006:(Sgaw Karen) * Drum Kids Newsletter, Jan. 2006:(Sgaw Karen) * Drum Kids Newsletter, Oct. 2005:(Sgaw Karen) Language:   English, Sgaw Karen, Burmese Source/publisher:   Drum Publication Group Format/size:   html, pdf Date of entry/update:   04 September 2006 Title:   Online English-Sgaw Karen Dictionary. Language:   English, S'Gaw Karen Source/publisher:   Drum Publications Group Format/size:   html, pdf Date of entry/update:   29 April 2009 Title:   Pwo and Sgaw Karen Fonts Description/subject:   A number of Pwo and Sgaw Karen fonts...Open in a new page and unzip the files (that's the only way I can access the files using Firefox) -- other browsers may work differently - Librarian) Author/creator:   KHCPS Source/publisher:   KHCPS Format/size:   .zip/469k Date of entry/update:   05 March 2006 Title:   SEAlang Library Sgaw Karen: Dictionary, Corpus, Bitexts Description/subject:   About the SEAlang Library Sgaw Karen Dictionary Resources These resources are based on the Drum Karen-English Student Dictionary (Drum Publication Group, 2008). It was derived from an earlier Drum work, the Junior English-Karen Dictionary (2nd edition, 1999). The Karen languages are tonal, and belong to the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan family. Besides Sgaw (sometimes S'gaw or Paganyaw), the other primary Karen dialects are Pwo and Pa'o. They are not mutually intelligible. Fonts You must use a Unicode 5.1-compliant font. Please read the Burmese/Karen/Mon/Shan Unicode 5.1 Font Notes. Please note that this release is part of our final testing process. Please excuse any remaining errors in labeling content, numbering homonyms, or conversion to Karen or IPA. A phonetic representation has not be derived yet. Try searching for "speak" (as text). About Drum Drum Publication Group is a small, independent, community-based organization dedicated to promoting education and preserving the cultures of the peoples of Burma. Established in 1998, the group publishes educational materials in Burmese, English and Sgaw Karen languages and distributes them free of charge to schools, libraries and centers of education along the Thai / Burmese border. A PDF version of the dictionary may be obtained from the Drum Publications website. Language:   English, S'Gaw Karen Source/publisher:   SEAlang Library Format/size:   html Date of entry/update:   29 April 2009 Several languages of Burma Websites/Multiple Documents Title:   SIL International: Ethnologue: Myanmar Description/subject:   Languages of Myanmar Language:   English Source/publisher:   SIL International Format/size:   "v v good and serious site" Date of entry/update:   03 June 2003 Individual Documents Title:   A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the languages spoken in the Burma Empire Date of publication:   1799 Description/subject:   Reprint: Original date of publication 1799... "Francis Buchanan published his “A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire” in 1799, in the fifth volume of Asiatic Researches. This piece provides one of the first major Western surveys of the languages of Burma. But the article goes beyond this and provides important data on the ethno-cultural identities and identifications of the various population groups in the first half of Bò-daw-hpayà’s reign (1782-1819). For these reasons, the article is republished here. The article is reproduced in its entirety, with slight modifications as follows... The original citation for the article is as follows: Francis Buchanan. “A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the languages spoken in the Burma Empire.” Asiatic Researches 5 (1799): 219-240. M. W. C. Author/creator:   Francis Buchanan (aka Francis Hamilton) Language:   English Source/publisher:   SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 1, No., 1 (March 2003) Format/size:   pdf (117K) Alternate URLs:   http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/8050/ Date of entry/update:   07 December 2010 Tai-Kadai languages: Shan