Natural Resource Use - global theory, standards, mechanisms, guidelines and analysis

expand all
collapse all

Websites/Multiple Documents

Description: "The commons is a general term referring to the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable earth. These resources are held in common, not owned privately..."
Source/publisher: Wikipedia
Date of entry/update: 2014-12-08
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
more
Description: Elinor "Lin" Ostrom (born Elinor Claire Awan; August 7, 1933 ? June 12, 2012) was an American political economist whose work was associated with the New Institutional Economics and the resurgence of political economy. In 2009, she shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Oliver E. Williamson for "her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons". To date, she remains the only woman to win The Prize in Economics. ...She was a lead researcher for the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program (SANREM CRSP)..."
Source/publisher: Wikipedia
Date of entry/update: 2014-12-08
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
more
expand all
collapse all

Individual Documents

Sub-title: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ကျောက်မျက်ရတနာလုပ်ငန်းရှင်များအသင်းနှင့် ပတ်သက်သည့် ကြေညာချက် (၇/၂၀၂၂)
Description: "မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ကျောက်မျက်ရတနာလုပ်ငန်းရှင်များအသင်းနှင့် ပတ်သက်သည့် ကြေညာချက် (၇/၂၀၂၂) သယံဇာတနှင့် သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိန်းသိမ်းရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ..."
Source/publisher: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation - NUG
2022-08-23
Date of entry/update: 2022-08-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 251.48 KB
more
Description: "“ထိန်းသိမ်းရေးဆိုင်ရာ အခန်းကဏ္ဍများ” ဇီဝမျိုးစုံမျိုးကွဲများ ကာကွယ်ထိန်းသိမ်းရာတွင် - ၁) အစိုးရအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ (ပြည်ထောင်စု/ပြည်နယ်/ဒေသန္တရ) ၂) အစိုးရမဟုတ်သော အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ ၃) စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းများ (ဥပမာ- ကုမ္ပဏီများ) ၄) နိုင်ငံသား တစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်ချင်း ပူးပေါင်းပါဝင်၍ ကာကွယ်ထိန်းသိမ်းကြရမည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ “ဖက်ဒရယ်စနစ်ရှိ အခွင့်အလမ်းများ” နိုင်ငံသူနိုင်ငံသားတိုင်း ကျန်းမာပျော်ရွှင်နိုင်မည့် နိုင်ငံရေး အခင်းအကျင်းအသစ်တွင် နိုင်ငံနှင့် တိုင်းသူ ပြည်သားတို့၏ ကျန်းမာရေး၊ စားဝတ်နေရေး၊ ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးတို့ကို ပြန်လည်ကုစားနိုင်ရန် အရေးတကြီး လိုအပ်မည်ဖြစ်ပြီး ဇီဝမျိုးစုံမျိုးကွဲများ ထိန်းသိမ်းစောင့်ရှောက်ခြင်း (ဥပမာ-အမျိုးသားဥယျာဥ်များ) ဖြင့် နိုင်ငံသူ/သားတို့၏ ကျန်းမာပျော်ရွှင်ရေး၊ လေ့လာအပန်းဖြေရေး၊ စီးပွားရေး အခွင့်အလမ်းများ ဖန်တီးနိုင်မည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation - NUG
2022-08-20
Date of entry/update: 2022-08-20
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 2.65 MB
more
Description: "Funding - the bulk of the initial groundwork for this book was carried out as part of botanical surveys of Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary (1 995-1 996, funded by Office of Environmental Policy and Planning) and Doi Luang National Park (1 997-1 999, funded by the TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training grant BRT 1 39029) The preparation and review of the manuscript in both English and Thai was supported by the East Asia Local Languages Field Guide project (funded by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and The World Bank). Toyota Thailand Foundation, Kopfai Publishing Project and Toyota Motor Thailand Co., Ltd. provided the funding for publ ication and distribution. The generous support of these organisations is gratefully acknowledged. We would particularly like to thank Asst.Prof. Paitoon Leksawad, Dr.Tony Whitten, Dr. Scott Perkin, Preecha Photi and Sunee Wongwaisayawan for their support. Facilities- CMU Herbarium, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University provided institutional support at all stages of the project. Secretarial & computer work - Rungtiwa Panyayot, Greuk Pakkad Specimen collection & fieldwork - Natii Morci, Bucha Orkha, all the Forestry Department and Watershed Office staff who helped us throughout the project especially in Poi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Doi Luang and Doi Suthep-Pui National Parks. Specimen identification - J.F. Maxwell, Dr. Jamlong Pengklai, Dr. Piya Chalermglin Additional Photographs - Akom Manekul, Dr. Chavalit Vidthayanon, Cherdsak Kuarak, E.J. Haas, Dr.Oy Kanjanavanit, Richard Davies, M.R.Smansnid Svasti Illustrations - M.R.Smansnid Svasti (cover and forest profiles) Pranee Palee- (Ficus, Fagaceae) Taxonomic review - Dr. Chavalit Niyomtham (Leguminosae); Dr. Jam long Pengklai (Bombacaceae, Coniferae, Dipterocarpaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Lauraceae, Lythraceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae); Dr. Kongkanda Chayamarit (Anacardiaceae, Capparaceae); Dr. Piya Chalermglin (Annonaceae, Magnoliaceae); Dr. Pranom Chantaranothai (Myrtaceae, Lecythidaceae) Preparation of use data - Tim Rayden, Kym Leggett, Kate Hardwick Editing & proof reading - Bandit Grivijitr, Kym Leggett, Dr Kobkiat Saengnil, Pranee P?lee, M.A. Smansnid Svasti, Tony Ball Translation of uses and Thai index Natenapit Jitlam Printing -Surasak lntanon & Amarin Printing & Publishing staffs. Herbariums, Libraries and Databases - CMU Herbarium, Biology Department, Chiang Mai University; Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University; Royal Forest Department Herbarium, Bangkok; Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai; Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University; Kasetsart University. Finally, we would like to thank our friends and families who encouraged and supported us throughout the process of preparing this book.....Genesis of Water and Life: Amidst changes and development in many fields, Thailand faces an alarming environmental crisis. In the last decades, the forest areas have been exploited at a fast rate which is one of the important causes of flooding, droughts and unpredictable climate. Conflicts over the management of natural resources have been an unavoidable part of life for our generation. The "Genesis of Water and Life" project was formed as �knowledge-based response to these issues. In 1994, a project was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture to protect the watershed area by using more than 10 years of experience working at Kao Sammoen with the support of the UN. Our aim has been to promote harmony between humankind and nature by encouraging people to conserve natural resources through sustainable resource management and integrated agriculture. We are developing a variety of media in vernacular languages for com- munication amongst local peoples in the watershed areas. Additional equipment including motorcycles, televisions and portable video players have been provided for the convenience of Forestry Department officials. From 1997, we have cooperated with Chiang Mai University and "Gong Tun Chum Chon Rak Pa" (Forest Lovers' Community Fund) to support forest restoration by building firebreaks in the protected forests of the upper Ping and Wang watersheds which cover an area of more than 120,000 rai (19,200 hectares). By this means, we hope to save the watershed areas without changing the local people's lifestyle or faith. We also promote academic activities, arts and culture in the urban community to improve relationships in a joint effort to protect and conserve the natural environment . The book "A Field Guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand" is one of our recent project activities. We sincerely wish that this book will be a bridge that passes on knowledge, compassion and a sense of ecological awareness and conservation of trees in the forest area of Northern Thailand. His venerable Phra Dhamma Pitaka (P. Payutto) has admonished us that: "People in this generation have exploited a great amount of natural resources of the world.They have no awareness of our environment and have depleted the land, so it is necessary that they revolutionize themselves now together with creating an awareness of restoring the natural environment amongst new generations". His advice should be heeded by us all. Watersheds are the source of forests, water and life. We must all work together to conserve what is left of our natural heritage for future generations - Toyota Thailand Foundation..."
Source/publisher: Chiang Mai University, The World Bank, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Toyota Foundation Thailand, Kobfai
2007-10-00
Date of entry/update: 2021-05-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 29.76 MB (555 pages)
more
Description: "The governance of natural resources used by many individuals in common is an issue of increasing concern to policy analysts. Both state control and privatisation of resources have been advocated, but neither the state nor the market have been uniformly successful in solving common pool resource problems. Offering a critique of the foundations of policy analysis as applied to natural resources, Elinor Ostrom here provides a unique body of empirical data to explore conditions under which common pool resource problems have been satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily solved. Dr Ostrom first describes three models most frequently used as the foundation for recommending state or market solutions. She then outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to these models in order to illustrate the diversity of possible solutions. In the following chapters she uses institutional analysis to examine different ways - both successful and unsuccessful - of governing the commons. In contrast to the proposition of the tragedy of the commons argument, common pool problems sometimes are solved by voluntary organisations rather than by a coercive state. Among the cases considered are communal tenure in meadows and forests, irrigation communities and other water rights, and fisheries."
Creator/author: Elinor Ostrom
Source/publisher: Internet
Date of entry/update: 2015-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 2.21 MB
more
Description: Summary: "This paper presents an overview of the distinctive features of communal tenure in different community-based land and natural resource management systems. Communal tenure refers to situations where groups, communities, or one or more villages have well defined, exclusive rights to jointly own and/or manage particular areas of natural resources such as land, forest and water. These are often referred to as common pool resources: many rural communities are dependent on these resources for their livelihood. In communal tenure, both the boundaries of the resource owned in common and group membership are clearly defined. These are necessary conditions to exclude outsiders and to secure the rights of group members so that these rights cannot be taken away or changed unilaterally. Two models of communal tenure are presented in the paper; these models differ in terms of the function of the state, the length of tenure and the characteristics of the resource system concerned. In the first model, the permanent title model, the state fully and permanently hands the land over to local indigenous communities for private collective ownership. In this situation, the resource system is often multi-facetted, comprising agricultural lands as well as forest, water and pasture land. Permanent title for indigenous peoples? communal land is a special claim supported by national legislation and by international conventions, coven ants and declarations that many countries have endorsed. Examples of permanent title in Asia include the Philippines and Cambodia, where legislation provides for collective rights of indigenous communities. In many instances such as Cambodia, Philippines or, for instance, Papua New Guinea, the indigenous groups or communities that are eligible by law for private and permanent communal tenure need to become a legal entity to be recognized as a communal right-holder by the state. This may require community incorporation. However, the process of incorporation can be cumbersome for people who are not necessarily literate in the national language or in the demands of state bureaucracy. In the second model, the delegated management model, the state maintains ownership of the resources and delegates management to local groups, most often villages, for a specific period of time, with the possibility of renewal. Such agreements are generally subject to national legislation only. In this case, the resources are often uniform and relate to, for example, community forestry, community fishery, pasture or irrigation group tenure that all come in many different forms with different bundles of rights. This model is far more common than the first, with Nepal, India, Thailand, Cambodia or Mongolia providing examples. In addition to these two general models, one may still find traditional customary communal tenure in remote communities. Here the state does not actually regulate or intervene in the management of resources, but all local communities in the area would know of the local rules of harvesting and withdrawal rights. Both the permanent title in communal land and the d elegated management model may originate from an existing customary arrangement, where the rules are known and have been adhered to by right-holders ? and their neighbors ? for generations. The state can acknowledge these existing communal systems through formalization of existing rules and rights. In a different situation, where customary arrangements are no longer present and the resource is degraded and under open access, the formalization of Communal tenure and the governance of common property resources in Asia delegated management of, for example, a new community forest, may imply setting up or inducing communal tenure institutions, where they did not previously exist. Inducing institutions is a major exercise in social engineering; the resulting induced institution must be carefully aligned with the physical and natural characteristics of the resources or resource system and, ideally, should build on an existing set of norms in the community. Where governments and/or donor projects have a pro-poor approach in inducing communal tenure for natural resource management, the pro-poor targeting mechanisms must be mainstreamed in the institution building. In all communal tenure systems, the physical and biological characteristics of the resource system factor decisively into the regulatory frameworks that communities establish. One must match with the other. In situations where both subsistence and market value products can be withdrawn from the resource system there are also many kinds of interlinked and embedded rights: the communal tenure is usually embedded within a larger nested hierarchy of institutions." Nowadays the communities will often need support an d recognition by the state in order to manage effectively their common pool resou rces. As a consequence, communities will need to establish two sets of rule s: (i) those rules that constitute the community as an entity in the eyes of the state and (ii) those that define internal rules of benefit sharing. Whereas constitutional rules de fine the community as a legal entity, internal community rules establish the management r ights in the resources and the fair appropriation of benefits. Interest in communal tenure and common property res ource management has risen since the 1980s among academics, governments and internat ional development organizations working on land and natural resources management. D ebates on communal tenure are still ongoing in many countries in Asia, in the con text of market pressures and dynamics, which call for privatization to increase productivity, and in the context of big business vying for a stake in valuable land and other natural resources, in some instances leading to land grabbing. The current mar ket driven pressures on natural resources create both challenges and opportunities for communities and governments. Overall, policies and institutions that promote acc ountability and good governance over these resources, both by the government at nat ional and local level and by communities, are required. Some specific approaches , such as communities? mapping of their territories, are proving useful tools to s afeguard their lands, although they are not sufficient conditions: the wider political and regulatory environment must be supportive too. Communal tenure will very likely play a significant role in the policies and actions for climate change mitigation. With the emergence of in itiatives for Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD and REDD+) , governance and benefit sharing of carbon finance become critical questions in defining who owns the carbon stocked in forest. Marketable community rights to t his special resource unit (stocked carbon) must be supported by national legislation t hat favors communal tenure of some of the carbon properties. This may lead to a separa tion of rights to carbon from the broader rights to the forest and land, an aspect no t yet addressed by theoretical work on communal tenure..."
Creator/author: Kirsten Ewers Andersen
Source/publisher: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
2011-04-00
Date of entry/update: 2014-12-08
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 464.43 KB
more