Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -
Individual Documents
Sub-title:
The safe return of migrant workers from Thailand amid the pandemic has required an unprecedented degree of cooperation between the government and armed groups on policing the border.
Description:
"The COVID-19 pandemic has put many people out of work in Myanmar, from garment workers and vendors to journalists and taxi drivers. Another group suddenly without income are the “brokers” who arrange for undocumented migrants to cross into Thailand at the many unofficial border gates run by ethnic armed groups in Myanmar’s southeast.
During normal times, there is a steady flow of migrants at these crossings. People cross to access better-paid jobs in Thailand and return to check on families and farms, to invest savings in land, property and small businesses, and to pay off debts – all without having to comply with the cumbersome and expensive requirements set by the Memorandum of Understanding between Thailand and Myanmar on labour migration.
But in recent months, these border crossings have been shuttered, in an unprecedented show of pandemic-prompted cooperation between the government and armed groups, which have instead funnelled migrants towards the official crossings, particularly at Myawaddy in Kayin State.
Informal migration has not stopped completely; the border is highly porous in places, with remote terrain allowing people to cross outside of both government and armed group-controlled gates. But this tends to happen far from major travel arteries and mostly serves local trips over small distances..."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2020-06-17
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Thailand-Burma relations, Politics, Government and Governance - Burma/Myanmar - general studies
Language:
more
Description:
"A total of 102 illegal Myanmar migrant workers have been sent back from Thailand as the latest batch, Myanmar's immigration authorities said Wednesday.
The illegal migrant workers including 10 women and two children were handed over by Thailand's Ranong Immigration Department through Kawthoung border gate in southern Tanintharyi region on Tuesday evening.
They were deported by the Thai authorities for being found with expired visas and without proper documents and sent back after paying penalties under Thai law.
With healthcare provided, these illegal migrant workers were being sent back to their respective homes, the immigration department said.
Since January this year, a total of 931 other similar Myanmar migrant workers had been repatriated to homeland from Thailand as of Oct. 16, according to compiled statistics.
Most of the migrant workers are from Tanintharyi, Yangon, Bago and Ayeyarwady regions and Mon and Rakhine states..."
Source/publisher:
"Xinhua" (China)
Date of publication:
2019-10-23
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Migrant workers from Burma : general and mixed articles and reports, Internal displacement/forced migration - global and regional
Language:
more
U Htay Mg
Source/publisher:
IOM Myanmar
Date of publication:
2019-06-13
Date of entry/update:
2019-06-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
IOM Burma/Myanmar, Labour migration: global and regional studies, Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -
Language:
Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
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Description:
"Htay Htay is a half Karen half Burman woman who came to Thailand in search of a better life. Now, she lives in a rubbish dump in the outskirts of the border town of Mae Sot on the Thailand-Burma border. Htay Htay is one of about 400 people who live in the dump, all barely making a living by picking up and selling rubbish. Htay Htay says that although they really don?t want to live amidst the rubbish, they have no choice. Read her story to find out why she feels that life ?living in the dirt? is better than life in her home country."
Source/publisher:
Burma Link
Date of entry/update:
2016-03-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Migration from Burma: mixed and general articles and reports, Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Thailand-Burma relations
Language:
English
more
Description:
"The northern Shan state, home to a majority of the Ta?ang people (referred to as ?Palaung? by others), is among the least accessible areas in Burma. These areas host some of the bloodiest conflict, the most poppy cultivation, extremely high rates of opium addiction, and crippling poverty. The Palaung Women?s Organization (PWO) has developed an impressive range of programs to empower Palaung women and support and advocate for their communities in the war-torn, drug-ravaged areas in northern Burma?all while combatting gender-discrimination and an epidemic of domestic violence. Three Palaung women, De De, Lway Yu Ni, and Lway Chee Sangar, each from a different Palaung village, sat down with us to speak about their lives, their struggles, and the work of the PWO."...See the Alternate link for part 2.
Source/publisher:
Burma Link
Date of entry/update:
2016-03-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Armed conflict in Burma - Impact on village life, including health and education, Women of Burma -- bibliographies, Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Education of migrants from Burma
Language:
English
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Description:
Abstract: "Migration
is
the
act
or
process
of
moving
from
one
place
to
another
with
the
intent
of
staying
at
the
destination
permanently
or
for
a
relatively
long
period
of
time
(1992,
Longman).
It
can
also
be
assumed
that
people
move
from
one
place
to
another,
usually
their
home
place,
to
work
or
to
settle
in
another
place.
As
basic
factors,
migration
take
place
an
area
where
the
migrants
believe
that
their
opportunity
and
life
circumstances
will
be
better
at
their
destinations
than
the
present
location.
Nevertheless,
if
an
area
where
takes
place
a
movement
of
in-migration
because
of
positive
conditions
(pull
factors),
this
will
be
generally
increased
the
population
or
human
resources.
Similarly,
if
an
area
where
takes
place
a
movement
of
out-migration
due
to
negative
conditions
(push
factors),
this
area
will
lose
their
population
or
human
resources.
Some
time
it
affects
the
negative
impacts
and
potential
challenges
for
sustainable
socio-economic
development
of
this
area.
Therefore,
this
study
is
based
on
some
specific
areas
of
Myanmar:
Hpa-an
Township,
Kayin
State
and
Mrauk-U
Township,
Rakhine
State
where
migration
process
takes
place
by
focusing
the
question
of
how
and
why
the
people
are
migrating
in
these
areas.
This
paper
is
intended
to
explore
the
migration
patterns
of
these
are
as
and
to
point
out
the
main
reasons
of
push
and
pull
factors
for
these
migrations.
To
obtain
the
relevant
data,
it
is
analyzed
with
field
observation
and
in
semi-structured
in-depth
interview
survey
method
to
the
local
authorities,
experts
and
local
people.
Some
of
the
facts
from
the
interview
data
are
assessed
by
SWOT
Analysis
to
know
the
strengths,
weaknesses,
opportunities
and
threats
due
to
migration.
As
a
result
from
this
study,
economic
condition
is
the
key
factor
of
the
migration
for
the
study
areas
and
that
effect
on
the
socioeconomic
condition
of
these
areas.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Saw Yu May
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-09-04
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Migration from Burma: mixed and general articles and reports, Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Migrant workers from Burma : general and mixed articles and reports, Karen (cultural, historical, political), Rakhine (Arakanese) - cultural, political, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
724.74 KB
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Description:
Abstract: "This
paper
draws
on
case
studies
of
Burmese
migrants
in
the
city
of
Chiang
Mai,
Thailand,
to
explore
concepts
and
theories
of
migration,
uneven
development
and
acculturation
in
which
migrants
engages
in
the
new
environment
of
urban
societies.
It
examines
the
new
emergence
of
push-pull
factors
of
migration,
mainly
economic
reason
and
urban
attractions,
which
bring
Burmese
migrants
into
the
city.
Further,
the
paper
pays
more
attention
on
the
concept
of
uneven
development,
which
comes
along
with
the
process
of
development
in
urban
areas.
It
discusses
about
the
cities
like
Chiang
Mai
as
a
place
where
provides
residents
to
access
not
only
greater
opportunities
for
work,
activity
and
key
good
as
well
as
services,
but
the
places
also
emerge
alongside
rising
urban
inequality
for
a
certain
group
of
people,
particularly
Burmese
migrant
workers
are
recognized
as
a
local
symbol
of
inequality
in
Chiang
Mai,
as
well
as
in
Asia
region.
Lastly,
the
paper
focuses
analytical
attention
on
?way
of
life?
of
Burmese
migrants
of
varying
cultural,
social,
political
and
economic
backgrounds,
which
it
responds
to
the
narratives
a
bout
urban
diversity
and
development
of
the
city
of
Chiang
Mai
where
they
encounter.
Based
on
acculturation
framework,
cultural
way
of
life
of
Burmese
migrants
living
in
Chiang
Mai
is
classified
into
three
main
areas;
assimilation,
separation
and
integration,
and
each
area
of
way
of
life
would
be
adapted
by
different
generations
of
the
migrants.
Therefore,
one
can
see
the
social
phenomenon
of
Burmese
migrants,
especially
Shan
ethnic
group,
would
emerge
through
Thai
society
in
the
city
at
different
levels
of
lifestyles.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Tithirat Pripotjanart
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2015-08-29
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Migration from Burma: mixed and general articles and reports, Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Thailand-Burma relations, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
375.18 KB
more
Description:
"...That large numbers of Myanmar?s migrants end up prey for criminals, exploited and discarded, is part of a wider problem. Ethnic minorities, and especially those from groups that don?t have full citizenship in Myanmar, are ripe for exploitation. When these stories hit the news there is some level of outrage, leavened by resignation that there are too many ills in the world. Muslims from western Myanmar are among those who seem to do it toughest when they seek out opportunities abroad.
Yet it?s not all doom and gloom, and the possibilities for migrants are probably better than ever. Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore, to name just the three most obvious countries, all require huge surges of youthful and energetic labour to take care of the jobs that their own people can?t or won?t do.
Foreign labour helps to keep goods and services cheap, and also frees up the Thais, Malaysians and Singaporeans to study longer and harder, and work toward achieving solid middle-class status. This means that the jobs lower on the economic pecking order are open to those who want to build new lives in foreign lands..."
Nicholas Farrelly
Source/publisher:
"New Mandala"
Date of publication:
2015-05-06
Date of entry/update:
2015-05-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Economics of migration from Burma/Myanmar -, Migrant workers from Burma : general and mixed articles and reports
Language:
English
more
Description:
"...Given the economic reform in Myanmar, which will flourish within the next five years, the key question related to outbound labour migration to Thailand (and Malaysia and Singapore) will be whether migrant workers, both skilled and less skilled, will remain in destination countries or consider returning home. In the past, average incomes of families were inadequate to meet household consumption expenditures (household income and expenditure survey in 1997). Consequently, people escaped from Myanmar to find higher incomes in Thailand. Now that economic development is in progress and labour demands for economic, social and political development in Myanmar are obvious, migrant workers? decision to return will depend on two major conditions: political stability and democratic freedom on one hand and economic opportunities on the other hand. The political condition is important because some professionals determined to stay and work in Thailand due to a lack of democratic reform in the past. Less-skilled workers were also affected by the authoritarian regime in the form of corruption, forced labour, forced relocation and armed conflict. Both groups will have a serious consideration to return when they are assured of political stability. Myanmar people are highly attached to their homeland and always want to go back..."
Supang Chantavanich
Source/publisher:
IDE-JETRO Policy Review on Myanmar Economy No.7
Date of publication:
2012-10-00
Date of entry/update:
2012-12-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more