Detentions, Trials, Independence of the Judiciary: standards and mechanisms

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Websites/Multiple Documents

Title: Administration of Justice: UNHCR Page
Source/publisher: UNHCR
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: Human Rights Defenders: OHCHR Page
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: Independence of the Judiciary: OHCHR Page
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: OHCHR Page
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions (UNHCHR page)
Description: Mandate, Methods of work, Issues of special concern, Information needed to take action, Model questionnaire of the Special Rapporteur, etc.
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-18
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar
Description: Reports to the Human Rights Council and General Assembly. This site has links to most of the UN human rights documents available online on Burma (Myanmar), in the 6 official UN languages.
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: Arabic, Chinese, English, Espanol, Francais, Russian
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Title: Special Rapporteur on Torture (OHCHR page)
Description: Mandate, model questionnaire, documents, news etc. Links to standards and other mechanisms.
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules)
Description: "The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (SMRs) were initially adopted by the UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders in 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in 1957. On 17 December 2015 a revised version of the Standard Minimum Rules were adopted unanimously by the 70th session of the UN General Assembly in Resolution A/RES/70/175; (see PRI?s press release). This followed a four-year revision process after a 2010 UN General Assembly resolution which requested revision of the SMRs ?so that they reflect recent advances in correctional science and best practices?. Find out more on the revision process. The revised Rules will be known as the ?Nelson Mandela Rules? to honour the legacy of the late President of South Africa, Mr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, who spent so many years of His life in prison?...." KEYWORDS: PRISONER TREATMENT, CRIME PREVENTION, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, CONFERENCES, DOCUMENTATION, INTERNATIONAL DAYS, WOMEN PRISONERS, DETAINED JUVENILES, NON-CUSTODIAL SANCTIONS, TECHNICAL COOPERATION, RESOURCES ALLOCATION, INFORMATION DISSEMINATION, ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Source/publisher: United Nations (A /RES/70/175)
Date of publication: 2016-01-08
Date of entry/update: 2016-11-11
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Title: Working Group on Arbitrary Detention: OHCHR Page
Description: Documents, members, Fact Sheet, press releases etc.
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: Handbook on Habeas Corpus in Myanmar - Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Description: နိဒါန်းနှင့် အနှစ်ချုပ် အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာဥပဒေမှ လူသားတစ်ဦးချင်း၏ အခွင့်အရေးဖြစ်သည့် လွတ်လပ်ခွင့်ကို တရား လက်လွတ်ဆုံးရှုံးခံရမှုအပေါ် လျင်မြန်သော တရားရေးကျင့်ထုံးဥပဒေ ဆောင်ရွက်ပေးခြင်း အခွင့်အရေးအတွက် အာမခံပေးထားရာ ၎င်းတွင် အမှီအခိုကင်း၍ ဘက်မလိုက်သည့်တရားရုံးမှ ၎င်းတို့အား ဥပဒေအရ ထိန်းသိမ်းခံထား ရမှုအပေါ် သုံးသပ်ပြီး မှားယွင်းစွာထိန်းသိမ်းခံရသူများအား လွှတ်ပေးရန် အမိန့်ပေးပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိသည်။1 အဆိုပါ လုပ်ထုံး လုပ်နည်းသည် အင်္ဂလိပ်ရိုးရာဥပဒေ (common law) ကို အခြေခံထားသော ဥပဒေစနစ်များပါ လျှောက်ထားလွှာ ဖြစ်သည့် တရားရုံးရှေ့တော်သွင်း စာချွန်တော်အမိန့်ကို ယေဘုယျအားဖြင့် ရည်ညွှန်းပါသည်။2 ယင်းအခွင့်အရေး သည် ဖမ်းဆီးခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်းခံရမှုမှ လွတ်မြောက်ခွင့်ကို တရားလက်လွတ်ဆုံးရှုံးခြင်း ကြုံတွေ့သည့် မည်သူမဆို တရားရုံးတွင် အမှုခင်းဆိုင်ရာဆောင်ရွက်ချက်ရပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိသည်။ သို့မှသာ တရားရုံးမှ နှောင့်နှေးမှုမရှိဘဲ ထိန်းသိမ်းမှုသည် ဥပဒေနှင့်အညီ ဖြစ်၊ မဖြစ်ကို ဆုံးဖြတ်ပေးပြီး၊ အကယ်၍ တရားဥပဒေနှင့် အညီမဖြစ်ပါက ပြန်လည်လွှတ်ပေးရန် အမိန့်ထုတ်ဆင့်ခြင်းပြုရမည်။3 တရားရုံးတွင် ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ တရားဝင်မှု ရှိ၊ မရှိ (lawfulness)ကို စိန်ခေါ်နိုင်ခွင့်သည် မိမိကိုယ် ကိုရပ်တည်နိုင်သည့် လူ့အခွင့်အရေးတစ်ရပ်ဖြစ်ပြီး ၎င်းအား ငြင်းကွယ်ခြင်းသည် လူ့အခွင့်အရေး ချိုးဖောက်မှု တစ်ရပ်ပင် ဖြစ်သည်။4 တရားရုံးရှေ့တော်သွင်းစာချွန်တော်အမိန့်သည် ပုဂ္ဂလိကဆိုင်ရာ လွတ်လပ်မှု သို့မဟုတ် ရုပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာကို တရားစီရင်ရေးအမိန့်ဒီဂရီအားဖြင့် ကာကွယ်မှုပေးရာ ၎င်းတွင် ထိန်းသိမ်းခံရသူအား တရားသူကြီးမျက်မှောက်သို့ ခေါ်ဆောင်ရန် အမိန့်ထုတ်ဆင့်ပြီး ထိန်းသိမ်းခံရသူသည် ဥပဒေနှင့်အညီ ထိန်းသိမ်း ခြင်းဖြစ်သည်ကို ဆုံးဖြတ်နိုင်ခြင်း၊ သင့်တင့်လျောက်ပတ်ပါက ထိန်းသိမ်းခံရသူကို ပြန်လည်လွှတ်ပေးနိုင်ရန် အမိန့် ထုတ်ဆင့်နိုင်ခြင်းတို့ကို ဆောင်ရွက်နိုင်ပါသည်။5 မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ စစ်တပ်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးလက်အောက်တွင် ဥပဒေအရသော်လည်းကောင်း သို့တည်းမဟုတ် လက် တွေ့ဆောင်ရွက်မှုအားဖြင့်သော်လည်းကောင်း ဥပဒေနှင့်အညီဖမ်းဆီးခြင်းနှင့် ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်းအား သုံးသပ်သည့် တရားစီရင်ရေးအတွက် ထိရောက်သောယန္တရား မရှိခဲ့ပေ။6 မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေရှိ ကြီးမား သော (မမျှော်လင့်ထားသော) တိုးတက်မှုတစ်ရပ်မှာ တရားရုံးရှေ့တော်သွင်း စာချွန်တော်အမိန့်ဆိုင်ရာ စာချွန် တော်အမိန့်ကို ပြန်လည်မိတ်ဆက်ထည့်သွင်းပေးခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။7 ထိုအချိန်မှစ၍ အစိုးရက ?၂၀၁၄ ခုနှစ် စာချွန်တော် အမိန့် လျှောက်ထားမှုဆိုင်ရာဥပဒေ” ကိုပြဋ္ဌန်းခဲ့ပြီး ပြည်ထောင်စုတရားလွှတ်တော်ချုပ်မှ အဆိုပါဥပဒေကို အကောင် အထည်ဖော်ဆောင်ရွက်မှုအတွက် နည်းဥပဒေသများနှင့် လုပ်ထုံးလုပ်နည်းများကို ပြဋ္ဌာန်းပေးထားပါသည်။8တရားစီရင်ရေးဆိုင်ရာ ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးနှင့် လူ့အခွင့်အရေးကာကွယ်မှု အားကောင်းလာစေရေး လုပ် ငန်းစဉ်ကို ကူညီတွန်းအားပေးရန်အတွက် အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ဥပဒေပညာရှင်များကော်မရှင် (ICJ) အနေဖြင့် နိုင်ငံ တကာဥပဒေနှင့် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏လက်ရှိ ပြည်တွင်းဥပဒေတို့အရ တရားရုံးရှေ့တော်သွင်း စာချွန်တော်အမိန့်နှင့် စပ်ဆက်မှုရှိသည့် ဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာ ဤဆွေးနွေးမှုစာတမ်းကို ရေးသားထားပါသည်။ အောက်ပါအချက်များသည့် အထူးအရေးပါသော အချက်များဖြစ်သည်။ • တရားလက်လွတ် သို့မဟုတ် တရားမဝင် ဖမ်းဆီးခြင်း (သို့မဟုတ်) ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်းကို စိန်ခေါ်မှုပြုရန်အတွက် အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာစံနှုန်း?
Source/publisher: International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
Date of publication: 2016-05-00
Date of entry/update: 2016-06-28
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format : pdf
Size: 1.41 MB
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Title: Handbook on Habeas Corpus in Myanmar (English)
Description: "...International law guarantees the right of all individuals deprived of their liberty to an expeditious judicial procedure in which an independent and impartial court reviews the legality of their detention and orders the release of individuals wrongfully detained.1 This right is commonly referred to as ?habeas corpus? in legal systems that are based on common law. The right entitles anyone who is deprived of liberty by arrest or detention to take proceedings before a court, in order that the court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of the detention and order release if the detention is not lawful. The right to challenge the lawfulness of detention before a court is a self-standing human right, the denial of which constitutes a human rights violation. Habeas corpus protects personal liberty or physical integrity by means of a judicial decree ordering the appropriate authorities to bring the detained person before a judge so that the lawfulness of the detention may be determined and, if appropriate, the release of the detainee ordered. In Myanmar under military rule from 1962 until 2008, there was no effective mechanism to challenge the lawfulness of detention before a court. One of the major (and unanticipated) improvements in Myanmar?s 2008 Constitution was the reintroduction of the writ of habeas corpus. Since then, the government has passed an ?Application of Writs Act 2014” and the Supreme Court has promulgated rules and procedures for its implementation. In order to assist and propel the process of judicial reform and strengthen the protection of human rights, the International Commission of Jurists provides this discussion of the law relevant to the writ of habeas corpus under international law as well as Myanmar?s current national law. The following are of particular significance: • Analysis of international standards for challenging arbitrary or unlawful arrest or detention (including that which results in torture and ill-treatment of detainees)... • Analysis of Myanmar?s current legal framework for the Constitutional writ of habeas corpus... • Analysis of the seemingly forgotten and underutilized procedure for challenging arbitrary arrest and detention (similar to the writ of habeas corpus) under Section 491 of the 1898 Code of Criminal Procedure... • Analysis of the few publicly available recent petitions for the writ of habeas corpus... • Analysis of relevant existing precedents (pre-1962) from the Myanmar judiciary?s case law on habeas corpus....."
Source/publisher: International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
Date of publication: 2016-05-00
Date of entry/update: 2016-06-27
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 672.25 KB
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Title: Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary
Description: Adopted by the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held at Milan from 26 August to 6 September 1985 and endorsed by General Assembly resolutions 40/32 of 29 November 1985 and 40/146 of 13 December 1985
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1985-12-13
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers
Description: Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of publication: 1990-09-07
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Description: Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984 ..... entry into force 26 June 1987, in accordance with article 27 (1)
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of publication: 1987-06-26
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Description: Adopted by General Assembly resolution 3452 (XXX) of 9 December 1975
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1975-12-09
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: International Covenent on Civil and Political Rights (articles on arbitrary detention etc. - English)
Description: entry into force 23 March 1976... Articles 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1976-03-23
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Description: Recommended by General Assembly resolution 55/89 of 4 December 2000 * ..... Adopted by General Assembly resolution 55/89 Annex, 4 December 2000
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of publication: 2000-12-04
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Right to a Fair Trial: OHCHR Page
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English, Francais, Espanol
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Title: Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
Description: Adopted by the First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, held at Geneva in 1955, and approved by the Economic and Social Council by its resolution 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1977-05-13
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners: UNHCHR Page
Description: Adopted by the First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, held at Geneva in 1955, and approved by the Economic and Social Council by its resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English, Francais, French, Espanol, Spanish
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Title: Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
Description: Commission on Human Rights resolution 2000/43
Source/publisher: UNHCHR
Date of publication: 2000-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (articles on arbitrary detention etc. - Burmese)
Description: adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948. Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of publication: 1948-12-10
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese
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Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (articles on arbitrary detention etc. - English)
Description: adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948... Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Source/publisher: Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of publication: 1948-12-10
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (articles on arbitrary detention etc. - Pwo-Karen)
Description: adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1948-12-10
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Pwo-Karen
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Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (articles on arbitrary detention etc. - S?gaw-Karen)
Description: adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948. Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1948-12-10
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: S'gaw-Karen
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Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (articles on arbitrary detention etc. Shan)
Description: adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948. Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1948-12-10
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-23
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Shan
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Title: CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING QUESTIONS OF: TORTURE AND DETENTION
Description: CONTENTS: Paragraphs ... Introduction 1 - 7 I. THE PRACTICE OF TORTURE: SCOPE AND CONTEXT A. General issues 8 - 18 B. Information concerning police and jandarma stations 19 - 23 C. Information concerning prisons 24 - 25 D. Information concerning individual cases 26 - 28 II. THE PROTECTION OF DETAINEES AGAINST TORTURE A. Legal issues 29 - 52 B. Medical issues 53 - 68 III. IMPUNITY 69 - 98 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 99 - 113 Annex* Selected cases submitted by non-governmental organizations to the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture from 12 October to 12 December 1998
Source/publisher: United Nations
Date of publication: 1999-01-27
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-22
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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